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test_800
|
where was the movie strangers prey at night filmed?
|
n/a
|
[
"Covington, Kentucky"
] |
[] |
n/a
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n/a
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n/a
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[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "180673",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nIn June 2017, it was announced Martin Henderson had also joined the cast, along with other cast members. Filming began in June 2017 in Covington, Kentucky and lower Cincinnati which concluded on July 10, 2017. Bailee Madison's boyfriend Alex Lange has visited the set of the movie while the events of filming. There was once an event called \"\"The Strangers: Prey at Night Experience\"\", in which people visited. Bailee Madison did almost all of her stunts and had some minor injuries including, a broken toe along with some bruises while filming. On set, the cast explained how horrifying the set",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "180662",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nThe Strangers: Prey at Night The Strangers: Prey at Night is a 2018 American slasher film directed by Johannes Roberts and starring Christina Hendricks, Martin Henderson, Bailee Madison and Lewis Pullman. A sequel to the 2008 film \"\"The Strangers\"\", it is written by Bryan Bertino (who wrote and directed the first film) and Ben Ketai. The film follows a family's vacation to a secluded mobile home park, where they are attacked by three masked psychopaths. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018, and grossed $30 million worldwide. It received mixed reviews, with some critics considering",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nhim for dinner and asked if he could read a script called \"\"Prey At Night\"\". He liked the script and wondered if he wanted to get involved in a sequel despite having released the first film years before but finally accepted and decided to add his personal touch. In February 2017, it was announced that Johannes Roberts would be the sequel's new director, and that filming would commence during the summer of the same year. In May 2017, Christina Hendricks, Bailee Madison, and Lewis Pullman were reported as the film's stars, and production began in Los Angeles on May 30.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers (2008 film)\"\na $9 million budget, filming for \"\"The Strangers\"\" began on October 10, 2006, and finished in early 2007. It was shot on location roughly 10 miles outside of Florence, South Carolina, and the house interior was constructed by a set crew. Though the film takes place in 2005, the house itself was deliberately constructed with an architecture reminiscent of 1970s ranch houses and dressed in furnishings applicable to the era. Bertino based the house on the types of homes common where he had grown up in rural Texas. The property was located on the outskirts of Timmonsville, South Carolina. Despite",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "180671",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nwho have been evicted from their home due to the economy, and are paid a visit by the same three strangers from the first film.\"\" According to Liv Tyler, star of the original film, \"\"Part II\"\" was slated for release in 2014, but that did not occur. In 2015, \"\"The Wrap\"\" reported that the sequel was in production, and that Relativity Media and GK Films had scheduled the film for a December 2, 2016, release date, though it was later removed from the schedule. Roberts said that while he was in Los Angeles, the producers of \"\"47 Meters Down\"\" met",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nit more entertaining than the original and appreciating its satire of horror films, while others noted it as inferior and called it cliché. In a secluded trailer park in Covington, Kentucky, the three masked strangers — Dollface, Pin-Up, and the Man in Mask — arrive in a truck at night to a couple's new trailer. Dollface wakes a sleeping female occupant, knocking at the front door. Dollface instantly kills her and then lies down in bed next to the woman's sleeping husband in a creepy manner. Meanwhile, Mike and his wife Cindy take a family trip with their children, Luke",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16448036",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers (2008 film)\"\n2017. Later titled \"\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\", the film was released on March 9, 2018. The Strangers (2008 film) The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino. Kristen (Liv Tyler) and James (Scott Speedman) are expecting a relaxing weekend at a family vacation home, but their stay turns out to be anything but peaceful as three masked intruders leave Kristen and James struggling for survival. Writer-director Bertino was inspired by real-life events: the Manson family Tate murders, a multiple homicide; the Keddie Cabin Murders, that occurred in California in 1981; and a series",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"chunk_id": "20687486",
"chunk_text": "\"Strangers Within\"\nwas later confirmed by 2050 Films, with the announcement of a vigorous Kickstarter campaign which saw the production raise £5000 through months of extensive promotion and marketing, before work on the film had even begun. After auditions held in Brighton, the lead cast were decided and confirmed, with McNab and Chittenden joining later on. Principal photography began in late August, 2014 in both Henfield and around the East Sussex area. It was shot using Canon C300 cameras provided by Ravensbourne University in London, of which members of the crew attend. A sneak peek teaser was released on Christmas Day, 2014",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15768628",
"chunk_text": "\"Prey (1977 film)\"\nwere professional actors: Sandy Chinney was the girlfriend of the second assistant director, while the two girls who appear in the final scene were played by Marcel's daughters. Due to budget constraints, some of the cast, including Annen, supplied their own wardrobe. Marcel provided Warren with a filming slot on the wooded backlot of Shepperton Studios, located on the River Ash. Several scenes feature a bridge that had previously appeared in \"\"Dr. Terror's House of Horrors\"\" (1965). In addition, production designer Hayden Pearce secured the use of the manor house in Littleton Park (the studios' original site) to serve as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_text": "\"When a Stranger Calls (2006 film)\"\nto her personal dislike for horror films but Simon West convinced her that he was going more for a psychological thriller and so she accepted. To prepare for her role Belle had to do two months of weight-training and learning how to run. Belle was injured twice on the set, she struck a wooden bridge cutting and scarring her hand and also slammed her head against a glass window. Principal photography began on January 1, 2005 and completed on 28 February 2005 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Bellarmine-Jefferson High School was used to portray the high school seen in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "20445515",
"chunk_text": "\"Known Strangers\"\nfinally try to abandon the call girl job, with which she finances her education and a gang of youngsters decide to do something about the violent husband of a neighbour, while a young writer is searching for a woman, who will mysteriously safe his live in the end. These stories are woven together with bits and pieces from the radio show “known strangers”, a programme followed by a big and loyal audience of people who can’t sleep at night. Filming primarily took place in Madrid, Spain and Buenos Aires, Argentine. Principal photography began on July 4, 2009 in Buenos Aires,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16447999",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers (2008 film)\"\n$9 million, the film was shot on location in rural South Carolina in the fall of 2006. Originally slated for a theatrical release in November 2007, it was postponed before a theatrical release on May 30, 2008. It grossed $82 million at the box office worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising its atmosphere and tension, and others criticizing its script and characters. Contemporary film scholars have interpreted it as a criticism of the perceived safety of pastoral life, as well as an exploration of stranger-on-stranger violence. A sequel, titled \"\"\"\", was released on March 9, 2018.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "18347289",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers (2008 film)\"\nThe Strangers (2008 film) The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino. Kristen (Liv Tyler) and James (Scott Speedman) are expecting a relaxing weekend at a family vacation home, but their stay turns out to be anything but peaceful as three masked intruders leave Kristen and James struggling for survival. Writer-director Bertino was inspired by real-life events: the Manson family Tate murders, a multiple homicide; the Keddie Cabin Murders, that occurred in California in 1981; and a series of break-ins that occurred in his own neighborhood as a child. Made on a budget of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "13110801",
"chunk_text": "\"Stranger by Night\"\nStranger by Night Stranger by Night is a 1994 action film directed by Gregory Dark and starring Steven Bauer, Jennifer Rubin and William Katt. It was released on November 23, 1994. Detective Bobby Corcoran and his partner, Detective Larson, are on the hunt for a vicious serial killer. As the murderous villain stalks the city streets leaving carnage in his wake, Corcoran begins to experience blackouts and sudden fits of anger. As the detectives pursue the case, they uncover evidence suggesting that one of them may be responsible for the mysterious deaths. The film was originally released on HBO as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "17430402",
"chunk_text": "\"Strangers on a Train (film)\"\nend, they were back in California. Hitchcock had written exacting specifications for an amusement park, which was constructed on the ranch of director Rowland Lee in Chatsworth, California. The amusement park exteriors were shot there and at an actual Tunnel of Love at a fairground in Canoga Park, California. Hitchcock had already shot the long shots for the tennis match at Forest Hills and would add closer shots with Granger and Jack Cushingham, Granger's tennis coach off-screen and Guy's tennis opponent Fred Reynolds on-screen at a tennis club in South Gate, California. The rest of the shooting would take place",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "180670",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nwas reported that the script would be written by Bryan Bertino and the film directed by Laurent Briet. In 2010, the horror website \"\"Shock Till You Drop\"\" reported that Relativity Media put \"\"The Strangers: Part II\"\" on hold because they decided the film might not be in their interest, despite the fact that Universal Pictures was willing to distribute it. However, Rogue Pictures confirmed in January 2011 that the sequel was again in production, and was then scheduled to begin filming as early as April 2011; in a press release, Rogue revealed the plot would concern \"\"a family of four",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "9114512",
"chunk_text": "\"A Night to Dismember\"\nIn order to secure financing, Wishman made a trailer for the film using stock footage and snippets shot specifically for advertising. A financer from Chicago agreed to fund the production based on Wishman's trailer, giving her what she described as \"\"a hefty deposit to finish the film.\"\" Filming took place in New York in 1979, with many of the locations being the private residences of Wishman and her friends and family. Portions of exterior filming (such as the forest scenes, and the sequence in which the two boys are murdered in the graveyard) in Westchester County. Additional exterior footage was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "180674",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\nwas to film there at night, saying it was just as creepy as it was in the movie. On October 12, 2017, \"\"Collider\"\" reported the film would be released on March 9, 2018, by Aviron Pictures. A teaser trailer for the film was released on November 16, 2017. The official trailer debuted on January 5, 2018. In the United States and Canada, \"\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\" was released alongside \"\"The Hurricane Heist\"\", \"\"Gringo\"\" and \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\", and was projected to gross around $7 million from 2,464 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $4 million on its",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "14944706",
"chunk_text": "\"Live by Night (film)\"\nCooper, Miguel, Max Casella, Scott Eastwood (who did not appear in the finished film), Brendan Gleeson, Anthony Michael Hall, and Titus Welliver. Principal photography began on October 28, 2015, in coastal Georgia. Exterior scenes were filmed in Brunswick, at Affleck's private property on Hampton Island near Riceboro, on Tybee Island, in Savannah, and at Fort Pulaski National Monument. Tampa's film commissioner said tax rebates in both Georgia and Affleck's home on Hampton Island, a 45-minute drive from Brunswick, had led the filmmakers to choose the state instead of Florida. Filming took place in Lawrence, North Andover, and Boston's North End.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "2704881",
"chunk_text": "\"The Prey (1980 film)\"\nThe Prey (1980 film) The Prey is a 1980 American slasher film directed by Edwin Brown, and starring Steve Bond, Lori Lethin, and Jackie Coogan. The film follows a group of campers in the Rocky Mountains who are stalked and murdered by a disfigured assailant. It was the final film credit of Jackie Coogan, who died from cardiac arrest on March 1, 1984. It is uncertain when the film was shot, though the production occurred some time between 1978 and 1980, with filming taking place in Idyllwild, California. \"\"The Prey\"\" was acquired for distribution by New World Pictures, and screened",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "4631517",
"chunk_text": "\"Night School (1981 film)\"\nsacrificed his life to protect her. However, as the case is dropped, Judd lets Eleanor go without arresting her. \"\"Night School\"\" was shot on location in Boston, Massachusetts, largely in the Beacon Hill neighborhood, in the spring of 1980 on a budget of $1.2 million. It was the second feature film to be near-exclusively shot in Boston, after \"\"The Brink's Job\"\". The final sequence however, tacked on after principal photography, was filmed in New York City. Producer Ruth Avergon recalled of working with director Ken Hughes: \"\"Ken had enormous energy ... I just loved working with him. He was a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "180682",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers: Prey at Night\"\na one-weekend horror hit.\"\" \"\"The Guardian\"\"s Benjamin Lee gave the film more of a negative review, rating the film 2/5 stars despite praising Hendricks' performance, noting: \"\"...it’s just difficult to really invest in what happens to any of them. Before long, characters are all making stock horror movie decisions, and there’s no amount of effective craftsmanship that can sell stupidity. Audience members will be too busy sighing at the screen to be scared.\"\" The Strangers: Prey at Night The Strangers: Prey at Night is a 2018 American slasher film directed by Johannes Roberts and starring Christina Hendricks, Martin Henderson, Bailee",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "8363365",
"chunk_text": "\"A Stranger Among Us\"\n\"\"Witness\"\", which has a superficially similar plot. Similarly, Lumet's earlier film \"\"Fail-Safe\"\" was unfavorably compared to \"\"Dr. Strangelove\"\", but in that case both films have subsequently achieved cult status. Griffith's performance in the lead role has also been heavily criticized, for which her role won her the Razzie Award for Worst Actress (also for the year's Worst Picture, \"\"Shining Through\"\"), while Tracy Pollan was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress. Some aspects of the plot recall the 1977 murder of diamond dealer Pinchos Jaroslawicz. The filming of the shootout took place at the Eldridge Street Synagogue on the Lower East Side",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "11219757",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perfect Stranger (film)\"\ntime dinner is over, she notices large spike scars on the man's wrists, and her life has been changed forever. He says that she was the one who sent for him, years before. When Nikki gets home, she finds her husband there, and Sarah (her daughter) in bed, as was foretold by the stranger. The film was shot on location in Louisville, Kentucky and neighboring Jeffersonville, Indiana. The movie is followed by two sequels: \"\" Another Perfect Stranger \"\" (2007) and \"\"Nikki and the Perfect Stranger\"\" (2013) and a spinoff movie \"\"The Perfect Gift\"\" (2009). The Perfect Stranger (film) The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_text": "\"The Traveler (2010 film)\"\nhearing the stranger's confession. Black's dead daughter then appears. She tells him she knows the name of the stranger and whispers into his deaf ear. Black shoots the stranger with a shotgun and causes him to fall through a window. After the stranger's death, Christmas Day arrives and Detective Black sees his daughter leave up the stairs, presumably leaving to the afterlife. The film was shot on location in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The film was first shown at the Aruba International Film Festival in June 2010 before its release in the United States in October 2010 by Paramount Pictures.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "6921128",
"chunk_text": "\"Stranger by Night\"\nSteven Bauer whose alcoholic blackouts are followed by discoveries of dead hookers and a parade of red herrings. None of these do anything but make you wish Katt were on screen more.\"\" Stranger by Night Stranger by Night is a 1994 action film directed by Gregory Dark and starring Steven Bauer, Jennifer Rubin and William Katt. It was released on November 23, 1994. Detective Bobby Corcoran and his partner, Detective Larson, are on the hunt for a vicious serial killer. As the murderous villain stalks the city streets leaving carnage in his wake, Corcoran begins to experience blackouts and sudden",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "14944707",
"chunk_text": "\"Live by Night (film)\"\nFrom December 2015 to February 2016, filming took place in Los Angeles, California. Scenes were shot at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Pasadena, and in Wilmington. Cinematographer Robert Richardson used both the Arri Alexa 65 and vintage 65 lenses from Panavision. William Goldenberg signed on as the film's editor; he had previously worked with Affleck on \"\"Gone Baby Gone\"\" and \"\"Argo\"\". Harry Gregson-Williams, who previously worked with Affleck on \"\"Gone Baby Gone\"\" and \"\"The Town\"\", composed the score. In March 2016, Affleck remarked: \"\"Editing is a strange process. It's a lot of ups and downs, but overall, the movie has",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Strangers on a Train (film)\"\nready to commence filming. Hitchcock had a crew shoot background footage of the 1950 Davis Cup finals held August 25–27, 1950 at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York. While there, the crew had done some other location scouting. Exteriors would be shot on both coasts, and interiors on soundstages at Warners. Hitchcock and his cast and crew decamped for the East Coast on October 17, 1950. For six days, they shot at Penn Station in New York City, at the railroad station at Danbury, Connecticut—which became Guy's hometown Metcalf—and in spots around Washington, D.C. By month's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16448015",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers (2008 film)\"\nwas also inspired by the unsolved Keddie Cabin Murders of 1981 that occurred in a small vacation community in California's Sierra Nevada. The film's premise has been compared by some film critics to the French horror film \"\"Them\"\", released two years earlier, which also features a couple terrorized by strangers in their remote home. Bertino entered the screenplay for \"\"The Strangers\"\" into a screenwriting contest, after which he sold its directorial rights to Universal Pictures. When casting the two leading actors in the film, Bertino sought Liv Tyler for the role of Kristen. Tyler, who had not worked for several",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Lonely Hearts (2006 film)\"\nbegin traveling the country, eventually murdering at least 12 women who responded to their ads. Detective Robinson (John Travolta) and Detective Hildebrandt (James Gandolfini) are the homicide detectives who bring the couple to justice. Filming began on March 21, 2005, with the majority of shooting taking place on location in and around historic venues in Jacksonville, Florida. Portions were filmed in the historic Riverside district west of Downtown, while additional shooting occurred in nearby Fernandina and Amelia Island. Several scenes were shot in the Davenport Hotel in Spokane, Washington. Shots of the famous fireplace and Peacock Lounge can be seen",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"After the Dark\"\nalone in the school as he contemplates suicide. Production began on the film in May 2011. During the press conference for the film, director John Huddles said that \"\"multiculturalism was a major theme in the movie, which revolves around a challenge to reboot humanity in the event of a nuclear apocalypse.\"\" He also added that in the film \"\"There will be students from Turkey, Iran, Australia, Africa, Canada, United States and United Kingdom.\"\" Filming began on 25 June 2011 in Indonesia and continued over seven weeks in different parts of the country including Belitung Island, Sumatra, Bromo in East Java",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "9219480",
"chunk_text": "\"The Stranger (1995 film)\"\nabout her identity. \"\"The Stranger\"\" was filmed in 1994 at Coaldale, Nevada, which is now a ghost town. The Stranger (1995 film) The Stranger is a 1995 martial arts-action film directed by Fritz Kiersch and starring former professional kickboxing champion Kathy Long. For years, the tiny desert town of Lakeview, Arizona has been ruled by a vicious outlaw biker gang led by a man known as Angel (Andrew Divoff). The residents have been terrified into submission, and the local Sheriff Gordon Cole (Eric Pierpoint) hasn't been the same since the gang raped and murdered his fiancée Bridget for trying to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Mischief Night (2014 film)\"\nher to snap. Later, the police investigate the crime scene and we learn that Kaylie has pinned all the murders on the masked man. Graham shows up, concerned for her well-being, and the two hug as Kaylie winks at the camera. \"\"Mischief Night\"\" was filmed in 2010 at a house in Calabasas, California. Filming took place over 11 days and consisted mostly of night shoots. The film was acquired in late 2013 by After Dark Films and was announced as the seventh film in the \"\"After Dark Originals 2\"\" series. The film went on to premiere at the New York",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "25126",
"chunk_text": "\"The Midnight Meat Train\"\nschedule to the new butcher, who wears a ring with the symbol of the group that feeds the creatures. The killer walks onto the midnight train and turns his head to reveal himself as Leon. The film's original director, Patrick Tatopoulos, originally planned to shoot the film in 2005 in New York City and Montreal. Tatopoulos left the production in 2006 and was replaced by Ryuhei Kitamura. Shooting was moved to Los Angeles, due to the prohibitive cost of shooting in New York City. Various locations, including the L.A. Metro subway system, were used instead. Shooting began March 18, 2007.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "3204885",
"chunk_text": "\"Night Eyes\"\njob, Will gets to know Nikki better and ultimately grows more attracted to and protective of her, eventually ending up having an affair with her. Brian discovers their relationship, becomes jealous and breaks into the home in a fit of rage and is killed by Will in an act of self-defense. Events start to unfold and Will begins to realize that he may have been used as a decoy for something much bigger than he thought. \"\"Night Eyes\"\" was filmed within a month, starting on November 27, 1989 and finishing in December. It was filmed in Los Angeles, California, while",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "5526346",
"chunk_text": "\"Mysterious Creatures\"\noutbursts if her demands were not met. Bill had also previously been in prison for stealing £50,000 to pay for his daughter's obsessions. After the second suicide attempt, both women went on to live the rest of their lives, albeit apart. The film was shot on location in London, United Kingdom and Los Cristianos, Spain. Reviews on Rotten Tomatoes have so far all been favourable, however as this is an Indie movie, no professional reviews exist yet. Both Lisa and Wendy were interviewed in depth by the writers beforehand to gain a thorough understanding of the events leading up to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_text": "\"Midnight Stranger\"\nfootage, but when he began the auditions he became fascinated with the extraordinary life stories the (predominantly inexperienced) applicants told him, and he decided on a different direction that would use their life stories in improvised performances. Locations were selected and, in June 1993, Green began the shooting using a Sony Hi-8 handycam, sometimes doing all set preparation and lighting himself. Principal photography was completed in July 1993 and Goodwin began the programming. A beta version was presented at the Macromedia International User's Conference in San Francisco, September 1993, where it won a People’s Choice Award, and the first Mac",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "7465789",
"chunk_text": "\"Shark Night\"\nexperiences terrifying salt-water shark attacks. Principal photography took place in the fall of 2010 in Louisiana around the Ark-La-Tex and at Caddo Lake in Uncertain, Texas. The sharks featured in the film were animatronic sharks built by Edge Innovations, who previously built sharks for movies such as \"\"Deep Blue Sea\"\", \"\"Austin Powers in Goldmember\"\", and even the Orca in \"\"Free Willy\"\". According to Walt Conti, the head of Edge Innovations, two models for each shark were built. One \"\"attacker\"\" and one \"\"swimmer.\"\" Each of which required very different internal mechanisms. \"\"Sharks are this total contrast of stealthy, cruising lurking and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "14544642",
"chunk_text": "\"Cold Prey\"\nthe Mountain Man lets his guard down. Jannicke grabs his pickaxe and stabs him in the stomach, sending him over the ravine. In a flashback, we see the Mountain Man as a boy, running from his pursuer. As he's covered in the snow, he looks up to see the faces of his parents, burying him alive. The Mountain Man hits the bottom of the ravine, surrounded by the bodies of Jannicke's friends. Jannicke, exhausted, collapses into the snow. The movie was shot at the peak of Jotunheimen. Helicopters flew the 20 tons of equipment to the top of the mountain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20409330",
"chunk_text": "\"Fear in the Night (1972 film)\"\non location in Aldenham, Hertfordshire. The scenes featuring the lakeshore (including the scene where Judy Geeson's character encounters Joan Collins') were shot at Aldenham Country Park around the Aldenham Reservoir. Bhaktivedanta Manor was used for the location of the boys' school. Additional filming took place at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire. \"\"Fear in the Night\"\" was released in the United Kingdom on 9 July 1972, shown as a double bill with \"\"Straight on Till Morning\"\", another Hammer film with similar themes. The films were shown in cinemas as a double feature titled \"\"Women in Fear.\"\" Executive Michael Carreras at Hammer studios",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7676183",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Stranger Calls (1979 film)\"\nThe film's production took place in California, with 2722 Club Dr., Los Angeles, California, USA, being used as the filming location for the Lockart house. Brentwood and Sacramento were also used as filming locations. Exterior shots for the tavern where Duncan and Tracy meet were those of the \"\"Torchy's\"\" bar in 218 and a half W. Fifth Street in Downtown Los Angeles CA 90012. This is the same bar that served as filming location for the redneck bar in \"\"48 Hrs.\"\" and for \"\"Brewster's Millions\"\". Tony Beckley, who plays Curt Duncan, was terminally ill throughout production. Because of this, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18703681",
"chunk_text": "Strangerland\nin New South Wales, and Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. Shooting began on 31 March 2014. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on 23 January 2015. Shortly after the premiere, Alchemy acquired distribution rights to the film. The film went on to screen at the Belgrade Film Festival, Seattle International Film Festival, Sydney Film Festival. The film will be released in the United States on 10 July 2015 in a limited release and through video on demand. An image and a new synopsis was revealed on 5 May 2014. On 3 June 2015 the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "824761",
"chunk_text": "\"Sleeping with Other People\"\nshe realized she was making one she wanted to make sure \"\"that it all felt very believable\"\". For research purposes she attended sexual addiction meetings as well as read many books about the subject, including \"\"Your Brain on Sex\"\" and the relationship addiction book \"\"Leaving the Enchanted Forrest\"\". The principal photography of the film began on June 26, 2014 in New York City near the area of Essex and Stanton Streets. On July 2, Sudeikis and Brie were spotted filming a scene. On July 8, both actors were filming some arguing scenes for the film around Central Park. In October",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7378937",
"chunk_text": "\"X: Night of Vengeance\"\nand kills him. Ligurian then forces Shay to drive a car with him and Holly. Holly drives the car into a wall, killing Ligurian. Holly and Shay escape with the brief case in another car. Holly succumbs to an injury from the car crash. Shay uses Harry's taxi to get away with the briefcase. She opens the briefcase and finds diamonds and money in it. \"\"X\"\" was shot in and around Kings Cross, Sydney. It premiered at the 60th Melbourne International Film Festival in 2011. The film was sold overseas before it premiered in Australia, which director Hewitt attributed to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16999253",
"chunk_text": "\"The Strangers (2012 film)\"\nUnsure of what happened, the family tries to search for the body but it is nowhere to be found. With the body missing, and protesting their innocence, Roy quickly asks everyone to go aboard the van and leave the vicinity. The van silently trudges its way along the dusty road but mysteriously stops after a few minutes in the middle of a forested area in Cabitongan. And from then on, as night sets in, the family is hounded by bad luck. Toning is attacked by an unknown creature, Roy goes missing, Lolo Pete becomes impaled by a trap when cornered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7925589",
"chunk_text": "\"Nightmare in the Daylight\"\nfor a short period of time, he contacts his first wife's father, who tells Sean that Megan is not his daughter. Sean, by now, is too obsessed with Megan though, resulting in the woman and her family living in constant fear. The film was shot in San Francisco and Los Angeles. \"\"Variety\"\" wrote of the film: \"\"The game-playing limps on, with Smith distressed and Reeve looking severe as though they'd both just read the script. Smith and Mason play well through some good naturalistic domestic scenes, but that doesn't much help the cause. By the end of the caper, \"\"Nightmare",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4954261",
"chunk_text": "\"Night of the Living Dead\"\nonly heard about the shooting when he was on his way to find distribution for the finished film. The small budget dictated much of the production process. According to Hardman, \"\"We knew that we could not raise enough money to shoot a film on a par with the classic horror films with which we had all grown up. The best that we could do was to place our cast in a remote spot and then bring the horror to be visited on them in that spot\"\". Scenes were filmed near Evans City, Pennsylvania, north of Pittsburgh in rural Butler County;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15768613",
"chunk_text": "\"Prey (1977 film)\"\nPrey (1977 film) Prey (known as Alien Prey in some markets) is a 1977 British independent science fiction horror film produced by Terry Marcel and directed by Norman J. Warren. The plot concerns a carnivorous alien (Barry Stokes) landing on Earth and befriending a lesbian couple (Glory Annen and Sally Faulkner) as part of his mission to evaluate humans as a source of food. It was filmed in under two weeks on a budget of less than £60,000 in various locations near Shepperton Studios in Surrey. It had a limited distribution on release. Critical response to the film has been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10551327",
"chunk_text": "\"The Rules of Attraction (film)\"\nPaul does not go off with the \"\"Handsome Dunce\"\" and Lauren does not lose her virginity. Paul and Lauren meet on the house porch and reflect on the recent events, as well as on Sean, whom they watch depart on his motorcycle. Sean begins narrating his final thoughts only for them to end prematurely as the film cuts to the end credits, which are run backwards. The film was shot at the University of Redlands in California. The film was one of the first studio motion pictures to be edited using Final Cut Pro. Using a beta version of FCP",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10667095",
"chunk_text": "\"Night of the Lepus\"\nand moved its setting from Australia to Arizona. It was shot at the Old Tucson Studios in Tucson, Arizona, a site well known for its use in Western pictures. Filming began at the end of January 1972 and concluded in early March. According to Turner Classic Movies' David Kalat, the film's director William F. Claxton also came from a Western film background. In directing \"\"Night of the Lepus\"\", he applied the same techniques used in his other films and declined the use of \"\"standard\"\" horror effects that would have enhanced the atmosphere, such as \"\"canted camera angles, dark shadows, [and]",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_801
|
what order do the captain america movies go in?
|
n/a
|
[
"Captain America: Civil War"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1341384",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nof its 1940s time period and Johnston's direction, though some felt that the film only served to set up the forthcoming \"\"Avengers\"\" film. A sequel titled \"\"\"\" was released on April 4, 2014, and a third film titled \"\"\"\" was released on May 6, 2016. In the present day, scientists in the Arctic uncover an old, frozen aircraft. In March 1942, Nazi officer Johann Schmidt and his men steal a mysterious relic called the Tesseract, which possesses untold powers, from the town of Tønsberg in German-occupied Norway. In New York City, Steve Rogers is rejected for World War II military",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1341381",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nCaptain America: The First Avenger Captain America: The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the fifth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Joe Johnston, written by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside Tommy Lee Jones, Hugo Weaving, Hayley Atwell, Sebastian Stan, Dominic Cooper, Neal McDonough, Derek Luke, and Stanley Tucci. Set predominantly during World War II, \"\"Captain America: The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19226601",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nAugust 31, 2018, as part of Marvel Studios' 10 year anniversary IMAX festival. \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on October 25, 2011. The three-disc set includes the film on Blu-ray in high-definition 3D and in high definition 2D, as well as on standard definition DVD with a digital copy. The two-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack includes a high-definition presentation of the film and a standard-definition presentation with a digital copy. Both sets include over an hour of bonus material, including the short film \"\"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6691639",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nCivil War\"\" held its world premiere in Los Angeles on April 12, 2016, and was released in the United States on May 6, 2016, in 3D and IMAX 3D. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $1.1billion worldwide, and garnering praise for the performances (particularly Evans and Downey), action, screenplay, and themes. It became the highest-grossing film of 2016 and the twelfth-highest-grossing film of all time. In 1991, the brainwashed super-soldier James \"\"Bucky\"\" Barnes is dispatched from a Hydra base in Siberia to intercept an automobile carrying a case of super-soldier serum. In the present day, approximately",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881385",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nthe seventh highest-grossing film of 2014, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. A sequel titled \"\"\"\", also directed by the Russo brothers, was released on May 6, 2016. Two years after the Battle of New York, Steve Rogers works in Washington, D.C. for the espionage agency S.H.I.E.L.D. under Director Nick Fury, while adjusting to contemporary society. Rogers and Agent Natasha Romanoff are sent with S.H.I.E.L.D.'s counter-terrorism S.T.R.I.K.E. team, led by Agent Rumlow, to free hostages aboard a S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel from Georges Batroc and his mercenaries. Mid-mission, Rogers discovers Romanoff has another agenda: to extract data from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1341383",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\ndirecting the project before Johnston was approached in 2008. The principal characters were cast between March and June 2010. Production of \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" began in June 2010, and filming took place in London, Manchester, Caerwent, and Liverpool in the United Kingdom, and Los Angeles in the United States. The film was converted to 3D in post-production. \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" premiered in Hollywood on July 19, 2011, and was released in the United States on July 22, 2011. The film was commercially successful, grossing over $370 million worldwide. Critics particularly praised Evans' performance, the film's depiction",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19226608",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nCarter, Arnim Zola and Nick Fury, respectively. They are joined by Scarlett Johansson, Anthony Mackie, and Robert Redford as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow, Sam Wilson / Falcon, and Alexander Pierce, respectively. \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\" was released on May 6, 2016, and again is directed by the Russo brothers. Evans, Johansson, Stan and Mackie reprise their roles from \"\"The Winter Soldier\"\", and they are joined by Robert Downey, Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, Paul Bettany as Vision, Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, Don Cheadle as James \"\"Rhodey\"\" Rhodes / War Machine, Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881384",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nin Los Angeles, California before moving to Washington, D.C. and Cleveland, Ohio. While the directors aimed for more realism, with focus on practical effects and intense stunt work, 2,500 visual effects shots were done by six different companies. \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" premiered in Los Angeles on March 13, 2014, and was released in the United States on April 4, 2014, in 2D, 3D, and IMAX 3D. The film became a critical and commercial success, receiving praise for its action sequences, musical score, acting, direction, storyline, themes, stunt work, and visuals. It grossed over $714 million worldwide, making it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5618831",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America (1990 film)\"\nCaptain America (1990 film) Captain America is a 1990 superhero film directed by Albert Pyun and written by Stephen Tolkin and Lawrence Block. The film is based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. While the film takes several liberties with the comic's storyline, it features Steve Rogers becoming Captain America during World War II to battle the Red Skull, being frozen in ice, and subsequently being revived to save the President of the United States from a crime family that dislikes his environmentalist policies. In Fascist Italy in 1936, the government kidnaps a boy, Tadzio de Santis,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20753299",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nCaptain America: Civil War Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2011's \"\"\"\" and 2014's \"\"\"\", and the thirteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19226607",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\npost-converted 3-D\"\". Peter Debruge of \"\"Variety\"\" said, \"\"\"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" plays like a by-the-numbers prequel for Marvel Studios' forthcoming \"\"The Avengers\"\" movie\"\". Kirk Honeycutt of \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" had mixed feelings about the film, writing, \"\"As the last Marvel prequel that includes two Iron Man and Incredible Hulk movies before next summer's \"\"The Avengers\"\", this one feels perhaps a little too simplistic and routine\"\". A sequel, \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\", directed by Anthony and Joseph Russo, was released on April 4, 2014. Evans, Stan, Atwell, Jones, and Jackson reprise their roles as Captain America, Bucky Barnes, Peggy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20753313",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nwas \"\"not done yet\"\" with Captain America after \"\"Endgame\"\". Captain America: Civil War Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2011's \"\"\"\" and 2014's \"\"\"\", and the thirteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside an ensemble cast including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881382",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nCaptain America: The Winter Soldier Captain America: The Winter Soldier is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2011's \"\"\"\" and the ninth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely. It stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie, Cobie Smulders, Frank Grillo, Emily VanCamp, Hayley Atwell,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2912885",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nnext to \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\", \"\"The Winter Soldier\"\" is pale.\"\" Jake Coyle of the \"\"Associated Press\"\" said the film's biggest misstep was the handling of Stan's Winter Soldier, and that it was \"\"getting difficult to tell the Marvel movies apart\"\". \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\" was released on May 6, 2016, and again is directed by the Russo brothers. Evans, Johansson, Stan, Mackie, VanCamp and Grillo reprise their roles from \"\"The Winter Soldier\"\" and they are joined by Robert Downey, Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, Paul Bettany as Vision, Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, Don",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6691707",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nWar\"\". Written again by Pilgrim, the comic is told from the perspectives of Barnes, Rumlow, and Rogers, showing how each ended up where they begin \"\"Civil War\"\". Art for each character's perspective is provided by Lee Ferguson, Goran Sudžuka, and Guillermo Mogorron, respectively. \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\" premiered at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood on April 12, 2016, and was screened at CinemaCon 2016 on April 13. The film's Southeast Asia premiere was held on April 21 at the Marina Bay Sands resort in Singapore, while the European premiere took place at Vue Cinemas in Westfield London on April 26.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9451083",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nFirst Avenger\"\" tells the story of Steve Rogers, a sickly man from Brooklyn who is transformed into super-soldier Captain America and must stop the Red Skull, who intends to use an artifact called the \"\"Tesseract\"\" as an energy-source for world domination. \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" began as a concept in 1997 and was scheduled for distribution by Artisan Entertainment. However, a lawsuit, not settled until September 2003, disrupted the project. In 2005, Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch, and planned to finance and release it through Paramount Pictures. Directors Jon Favreau and Louis Leterrier were interested in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9451092",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nthe development process of the film. The lawsuit was eventually settled in September 2003. In 2005, Marvel received a $525 million investment from Merrill Lynch, allowing them to independently produce ten films, including \"\"Captain America\"\". Paramount Pictures agreed to distribute the film. Originally, the film would stand alone; producer Kevin Feige said \"\"about half\"\" the movie would be set during World War II before moving into the modern day. Producer Avi Arad said, \"\"The biggest opportunity with Captain America is as a man 'out of time', coming back today, looking at our world through the eyes of someone who thought",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16669207",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nForce Awakens\"\". The film remained at number one in its second weekend, and fell to second in its third, behind \"\"The Angry Birds Movie\"\". In its fourth weekend, \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\" became the highest-grossing film of 2016 in North America, and by June 17, 2016, became the first film of 2016 to surpass $400 million. \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\"s opening in 15 countries on April 27, 2016, earned $14.9 million, followed by $23.8 million the next day from 15 more countries, and $45.3 million two days later from 8 additional countries, for a three-day total of $84 million. Its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19226603",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\n2013. \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" earned $176.7 million in North America and $193.9 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $370.6 million. \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" opened on July 22, 2011, in the United States and earned $4 million in midnight showings, outgrossing other 2011 original superhero films like \"\"Thor\"\" and \"\"Green Lantern\"\" as well as the prequel \"\"\"\", which all made between $3.25 million and $3.5 million in Friday midnights. On Friday, the film opened at the number one spot at the American and Canadian box office with $25.7 million. It then went on to make $65.1",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881437",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\non September 9, 2014. The physical media releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel. The film was also collected in a 13-disc box set, titled \"\"Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two Collection\"\", which includes all of the Phase Two films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released on December 8, 2015. \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" earned $259.8 million in North America and $454.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $714.3 million. It became the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide. \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" calculated the net profit for the film to be $166.2",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2912880",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nAmerica on two consecutive weekends, followed by two weeks in second, behind \"\"Rio 2\"\". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 89% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 283 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"Suspenseful and politically astute, \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" is a superior entry in the Avengers canon and is sure to thrill Marvel diehards.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 70 out of 100 based on 48 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". CinemaScore audiences gave \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" an \"\"A\"\" grade rating on an A+",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19226602",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\na sneak peek of \"\"The Avengers\"\", six behind-the-scenes featurettes, and deleted scenes with commentary by director Joe Johnston, director of photography Shelly Johnson and editor Jeff Ford. In its first week of release, \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" topped the Blu-ray and DVD sales charts, selling 1.54 million Blu-ray units and 726,000 DVD units and making a combined total of $52.6 million. The film was also collected in a 10-disc box set titled \"\"Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One – Avengers Assembled\"\" which includes all of the Phase One films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released on April 2,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5445064",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America\"\noften struggles to maintain his ideals as a man out of his time with its modern realities, he remains a highly respected figure in his community which includes becoming the long-time leader of the Avengers. Captain America was the first Marvel Comics character to appear in media outside comics with the release of the 1944 movie serial, \"\"Captain America\"\". Since then, the character has been featured in other films and television series. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), the character is portrayed by Chris Evans in \"\"\"\", \"\"The Avengers\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Ant-Man\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\" (2018), and \"\"\"\" (2019). Captain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20753312",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\n\"\"had a good opening twenty [minutes], but then I honestly can't remember what the movie was about.\"\" He also felt the film lacked levity, especially considering the Russo brothers' background in comedy. According to Feige, \"\"Civil War\"\" is the conclusion of the Captain America trilogy that began with \"\"The First Avenger\"\". While it is the final standalone Captain America film in Evans' contract with Marvel Studios, Evans stated in September 2015 that he was open to extending his contract past \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", the final films on his contract at the time. In November 2018, Joe Russo said that Evans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6691708",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nThe film was released internationally starting from April 27, releasing in 61 countries its first weekend, including the United Kingdom on April 29. The North America release on May 6, took place in over 4,200 theaters, of which 3,300 were in 3D, along with 378 IMAX theaters, 480 premium large-format, and 161 D-Box locations. Internationally, the film opened in 955 IMAX theaters, while South Korea saw \"\"Civil War\"\" open in an \"\"unprecedented\"\" 1,989 theaters. In September 2014, TNT acquired the cable broadcast rights for \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\" to air two years after its theatrical release. \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16669127",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nscreenings of \"\"The Winter Soldier\"\", the Russo brothers were brought back to direct in early 2014. The film's title and premise were revealed in October 2014, along with Downey's casting; additional cast members joined in the following months. Principal photography began in April 2015 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, and continued in the Metro Atlanta area before concluding in Germany in August 2015, with the film being the first to use IMAX's digital 2D cameras (for the film's central airport fight sequence). Visual effects were provided by nearly 20 different studios during the post-production process. \"\"Captain America:",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "10881383",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nRobert Redford, and Samuel L. Jackson. In \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\", Captain America, Black Widow, and Falcon join forces to uncover a conspiracy within S.H.I.E.L.D. while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier. A major influence in \"\"The Winter Soldier\"\" was conspiracy fiction from the 1970s such as \"\"Three Days of the Condor\"\", with the script also drawing from the Winter Soldier story arc written by Ed Brubaker. The script was written in 2011, with the Russo brothers entering negotiations to direct in June 2012 and casting beginning the following month. Principal photography commenced in April 2013",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "1341418",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nmillion in what was the second highest-grossing opening weekend for a superhero film in 2011, behind \"\"Thor\"\" ($65.7 million). \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" is the third highest-grossing motion picture set during the World War II era, after \"\"Saving Private Ryan\"\" and \"\"Pearl Harbor\"\". The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 79% approval rating with an average rating of 6.9/10 based on 258 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"With plenty of pulpy action, a pleasantly retro vibe, and a handful of fine performances, \"\"Captain America\"\" is solidly old-fashioned blockbuster entertainment.\"\" Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score, rated the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "10881436",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nin April. The world premiere took place on March 13, 2014 at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California. The Paris premiere occurred on March 17 at Le Grand Rex, the London premiere took place on March 20 at Westfield London, the Beijing premiere took place on March 24 and the Cleveland premiere took place on April 1. Chris Evans and Scarlett Johansson auctioned off passes to one of the premieres for charity. \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment for digital download on August 19, 2014 and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "15540959",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America\"\nthe \"\"Heroic Age\"\" arc. The President of the United States appoints Rogers, in his civilian identity, as \"\"\"\"America's top cop\"\"\"\" and head of the nation's security, replacing Norman Osborn as the tenth \"\"Executive Director of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\". The Superhuman Registration Act is repealed and Rogers re-establishes the superhero team the Avengers, spearheaded by Iron Man, Thor, and Bucky as Captain America. In the miniseries \"\"Steve Rogers: Super Soldier\"\", he encounters Jacob Erskine, the grandson of Professor Abraham Erskine and the son of Tyler Paxton, one of Rogers' fellow volunteers in the Super-Soldier program. Shortly afterward, Rogers becomes leader of the Secret",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "19226609",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nMaximoff / Scarlet Witch, Paul Rudd as Scott Lang / Ant-Man and William Hurt as Thaddeus \"\"Thunderbolt\"\" Ross all reprising roles from previous MCU films. Captain America: The First Avenger Captain America: The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the fifth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Joe Johnston, written by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America, alongside Tommy Lee",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "6691710",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nand $745.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.153 billion. By May 10, 2016, the film had grossed $737.8 million, surpassing the entire theatrical gross of its predecessor, \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" ($714.4 million). It became the highest-grossing film of 2016, the fourth-highest-grossing superhero film of all time, and the third-highest-grossing film in the U.S. and Canada of 2016, behind \"\"Rogue One\"\" and \"\"Finding Dory\"\". \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $193.4 million, when factoring together \"\"production budgets, P&A, talent participations and other costs, with box office grosses and ancillary revenues",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "18372861",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nMarvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Thor\"\", and \"\"Guidebook to the Marvel Cinematic Universe: Marvel's Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" released each month from October 2015 to January 2016, respectively. In November 2018, Marvel and Titan Publishing Group released \"\"Marvel Studios: The First Ten Years\"\" to celebrate the first ten years of the Marvel Cinematic Universe which featured cast interviews, in-depth sections on each film, and an Easter egg guide. In May 2019, in conjunction with the release of the fourth \"\"Avengers\"\" film, a two-volume book, also titled \"\"Marvel Studios: The First Ten Years\"\", will be released, written by Tara Bennett and",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "16669141",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\n\"\"The Winter Soldier\"\", with the Russos likening it to a psychological thriller, citing \"\"Seven\"\", \"\"Fargo\"\", and \"\"The Godfather\"\" as influences, along with westerns and Brian De Palma's films. The Russos also stated that \"\"a good portion of [\"\"Civil War\"\" is] actually funnier than \"\"Winter Soldier\"\"\"\" with a more comedic tone and lighter moments throughout. In August 2014, the Russos stated that the film would be set \"\"a couple years\"\" after \"\"The Winter Soldier\"\", and would continue to focus on Steve Rogers' relationship with Bucky Barnes as well as the political themes related to Captain America. Anthony stated, \"\"The character was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14970136",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in comics\"\nMarvel changed its approach to film tie-in material in 2012, retroactively dividing the tie-in comics into those that exist within the MCU continuity, and those that are merely inspired by the films and television series. Since then, \"\"Iron Man 3 Prelude\"\" (2013), \"\"Thor: The Dark World Prelude\"\" (2013), \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier Infinite Comic\"\" (2014), \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Infinite Comic\"\" (2014), \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Prelude\"\" (2014), \"\"Avengers: Age of Ultron Prelude – This Scepter'd Isle\"\" (2015), \"\"Ant-Man Prelude\"\" (2015), \"\"Ant-Man – Scott Lang: Small Time\"\" (2015), \"\"Captain America: Civil War Prelude Infinite Comic\"\" (2016), \"\"Doctor Strange Prelude\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "7526855",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Marvel (film)\"\nboard: my interviews, magazine covers, the clothes that I'm wearing\"\" as part of her support for the Time's Up movement and inclusivity in Hollywood with things such as inclusion riders. \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" is scheduled to be released in IMAX and 3D, in the United States on March 8, 2019, which coincides with International Women's Day. It was originally scheduled for release on July 6, 2018, before moving in February 2015 to November 2, 2018, to accommodate \"\"\"\". In October 2015, it moved again to accommodate \"\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\"\". \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" will be the first Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures-distributed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16669126",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nDon Cheadle, Jeremy Renner, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Rudd, Emily VanCamp, Tom Holland, Frank Grillo, William Hurt, and Daniel Brühl. In \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\", disagreement over international oversight of the Avengers fractures them into opposing factions—one led by Steve Rogers and the other by Tony Stark. Development of \"\"Civil War\"\" began in late 2013 when Markus and McFeely began writing the screenplay, which borrows concepts from the 2006 comic book storyline \"\"Civil War\"\", while also focusing on story and character elements from the previous \"\"Captain America\"\" films to conclude the trilogy. Following positive reactions to test",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "7868562",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Evans (actor)\"\nChris Evans (actor) Christopher Robert Evans (born June 13, 1981) is an American actor. Evans is known for his superhero roles as the Marvel Comics characters Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and Human Torch in \"\"Fantastic Four\"\" (2005) and . Evans began his career on the 2000 television series \"\"Opposite Sex\"\", and in addition to his work in superhero films, he has featured in such films as \"\"Not Another Teen Movie\"\" (2001), \"\"Sunshine\"\" (2007), \"\"Scott Pilgrim vs. the World\"\" (2010), \"\"Snowpiercer\"\" (2013), and \"\"Gifted\"\" (2017). In 2014, he made his directorial debut with the drama film \"\"Before We",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16885483",
"chunk_text": "\"Avengers: Age of Ultron\"\nworldwide, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2015 as well as the fifth-highest-grossing film of all time. A sequel, \"\"\"\", was released on April 27, 2018, and \"\"\"\" is scheduled for release on April 26, 2019. In the Eastern European country of Sokovia, the Avengers—Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Thor, Bruce Banner, Natasha Romanoff, and Clint Barton—raid a Hydra facility commanded by Baron Wolfgang von Strucker, who has been experimenting on humans using the scepter previously wielded by Loki. They encounter two of Strucker's test subjects—twins Pietro Maximoff, who has superhuman speed, and Wanda Maximoff, who has telepathic and telekinetic abilities—and apprehend",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "20617146",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Studios\"\nMan\"\" (2008) to \"\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\"\" (2018). These films all share continuity with each other, along with the One-Shots produced by the studio and the television shows produced by Marvel Television. The series has grossed over $17 billion at the global box office, making it the highest-grossing film franchise of all time. During what is known as Marvel's Timely era, Captain America was licensed out to Republic Pictures for a serial just for the free advertising. Timely failed to provide any drawing of Captain America with his shield or any further background, and Republic created a whole new background",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "12889726",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America (1990 film)\"\n1989. The film was intended for release in August 1990, to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of Captain America. Several release dates were announced between Fall 1990 and Winter 1991, but the film went unreleased for two years before debuting direct-to-video and on cable television in the United States in the summer of 1992. It was given a limited theatrical release internationally. The film was invited to screen as part of the 2013 Comic-Con in San Diego in July 2013. The film also has its debut on Cinemax Asia. The film was almost universally panned by critics, holding an 8%",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16669161",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\n\"\"plan B\"\" should the deal with Sony fail, the Russos never created one because \"\"it was very important to us to reintroduce\"\" Spider-Man in the film, adding, \"\"We only have envisioned the movie with Spider-Man.\"\" By the end of June, filming reached the halfway mark, with production moving to Germany in early August. Filming locations in Germany included the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, and the Leipzig/Halle Airport in Schkeuditz. Additional filming also took place in Puerto Rico and Norway, and was scheduled to in Iceland. Principal photography wrapped on August 22, 2015. \"\"Captain America: Civil War\"\" was the first film",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16669209",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: Civil War\"\nthe film remained at number one in some territories, being overtaken by \"\"The Angry Birds Movie\"\" in others, and became the top film of 2016 and fourth-highest-grossing superhero film outside of North America. It set records for the largest opening day in Mexico ($7.3 million), opening day of 2016 in France ($2.4 million), the second-largest opening day in Brazil ($2.7 million) and the United Arab Emirates, the largest superhero opening day in the Netherlands, and the largest superhero opening in Turkey and Ukraine. It set opening weekend records in Brazil ($12.9 million), Mexico ($20.4 million), and the Philippines ($7.7 million),",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
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"chunk_id": "640939",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America in other media\"\nand in 1987, Winner left, replaced by actor-director John Stockwell and a script by Stephen Tolkin. The final film, produced by Golan's 21st Century Film Corporation, was directed by Albert Pyun and starred Matt Salinger in the title role. It depicted the creation of Captain America from weak soldier Steve Rogers, his fight in World War II and subsequent apparent death, his being found decades later frozen in ice, and his realization and comprehension that our enemies from the war are now our allies, as well as the hero's battle against the Red Skull. The film, intended for theatres, was",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "5618834",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America (1990 film)\"\nland somewhere in Alaska, where he remains frozen for fifty years until 1993. Kimball becomes a Vietnam War hero and is elected the President of the United States. A year into his term, he pushes for pro-environmentalist legislation that angers the military-industrial complex, who hold a secret conference in Italy led by the Red Skull. Following the war, Red Skull had extensive plastic surgery to partially alter his disfigured features, raised a daughter, Valentina, and has become the leader of a powerful crime family. In the 1960s, this American military-industrial complex hired the Red Skull and his thugs to murder",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "11079497",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Marvel (film)\"\ndirect in April 2017. Robertson-Dworet soon took over scripting duties, with the remainder of the cast added by the start of filming. Location shooting began in January 2018, with principal photography beginning that March in California before concluding in July 2018 in Louisiana. Jackson and Gregg—who, among others, reprise their roles from previous MCU films—were digitally de-aged in post-production. \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" is scheduled to be released in the United States on March 8, 2019, in IMAX and 3D. Set in 1995, \"\"Captain Marvel\"\" follows Carol Danvers, a former U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, as she turns into one of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9451095",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\nMay 6, 2011 (before being pushed back to July 22). Louis Leterrier, director of \"\"The Incredible Hulk\"\", viewed some of the concept art being created for the film and was impressed enough to offer his services, but Marvel turned him down. Johnston finally signed on in November 2008, and he hired Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely to rewrite. Feige cited Johnston's directorial work on \"\"October Sky\"\" and \"\"The Rocketeer\"\" and his special effects work on the original \"\"Star Wars\"\" trilogy to explain why he was an appropriate choice. \"\"Raiders of the Lost Ark\"\" was an influence on the film, because",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881435",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nMarch 20. On March 18, ABC aired a one-hour television special titled, \"\"Marvel Studios: Assembling a Universe\"\", which included a sneak peek of \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\". On April 1, 2014, Evans and Stan rang the opening bell of the New York Stock Exchange in honor of the film's theatrical release. Jackson appeared in advertisements for Sky Broadband. \"\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\" was released in 32 markets on March 26, 2014 and in North America on April 4, 2014, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D. The film debuted on 668 IMAX screens worldwide, a record for films releasing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19226598",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\na video game tie-in titled \"\"\"\", that was released in 2011 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii and Nintendo DS. Marvel released the mobile game, \"\"Captain America: Sentinel of Liberty\"\", in July 2011. A toy line was released as well. The world premiere of \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\" was held on July 19, 2011, at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California. The film was screened at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 21, 2011. It was commercially released in the United States and Canada on July 22, 2011. Paramount opted against altering the American-centric title when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2912851",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain America: The Winter Soldier\"\nwho played Peggy Carter in \"\"Captain America: The First Avenger\"\", said that she would not appear in the sequel. However Stanley Tucci, who played Dr. Abraham Erskine in the previous film, later said that Atwell would reappear in a flashback scene. Also in January, Marvel Studios announced that the film would be released in 3D, and Anthony Mackie said filming would begin on April 1, 2013. Later that month, Toby Jones, who portrayed Arnim Zola in the first film, said that he would reprise the role in the sequel. By the end of the month, stages were being built for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_802
|
when was i don't like mondays released?
|
n/a
|
[
"1979",
"21 July 1979"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "1115305",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\nI Don't Like Mondays \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" is a song by Irish band The Boomtown Rats about the 1979 Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego. The song was a number one single in the UK Singles Chart for four weeks during the summer of 1979, and ranks as the sixth biggest hit of the UK in 1979. Written by Bob Geldof, it was the band's second single to reach number one on the UK charts. The full length version appeared on the group's third album, \"\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\". It includes a reprise of the first verse,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14251319",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\n8 concert in London, on 2 July 2005. \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" was subsequently covered by Tori Amos on her 2001 album \"\"Strange Little Girls\"\" and later by G4 on their 2006 album \"\"Act Three\"\". I Don't Like Mondays \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" is a song by Irish band The Boomtown Rats about the 1979 Cleveland Elementary School shooting in San Diego. The song was a number one single in the UK Singles Chart for four weeks during the summer of 1979, and ranks as the sixth biggest hit of the UK in 1979. Written by Bob Geldof, it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14918778",
"chunk_text": "\"Phil Wainman\"\nPhil Wainman Philip Neil Wainman (born 7 June 1946, West London, England) is an English record producer and songwriter, primarily active in the 1970s. He is noted for his work with Sweet, XTC, Dollar, Mud, and the Bay City Rollers. His greatest chart success, however, was the production of \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" by The Boomtown Rats, written by Bob Geldof and arranged by Fiachra Trench. In 1964 Wainman was working the European cabaret circuit with a band called The High Grades. He returned to the UK and joined The Paramounts in 1965 for a short period. The Paramounts had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14918784",
"chunk_text": "\"Phil Wainman\"\non to work in property and real estate management. Phil Wainman Philip Neil Wainman (born 7 June 1946, West London, England) is an English record producer and songwriter, primarily active in the 1970s. He is noted for his work with Sweet, XTC, Dollar, Mud, and the Bay City Rollers. His greatest chart success, however, was the production of \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" by The Boomtown Rats, written by Bob Geldof and arranged by Fiachra Trench. In 1964 Wainman was working the European cabaret circuit with a band called The High Grades. He returned to the UK and joined The Paramounts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19208938",
"chunk_text": "Monday\nbusinesses owned by Latter-Day Saints close early on Mondays so they and their customers are able to spend more time with their families. A number of popular songs in Western culture feature Monday, often as a day of depression, anxiety, avolition, hysteria, or melancholy (mostly because of its association with the first day of the work week). For example, \"\"Monday, Monday\"\" (1966) from the Mamas & the Papas, \"\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\" (1971) from the Carpenters, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" (1979) from the Boomtown Rats, and \"\"Manic Monday\"\" (1986) from the Bangles (written by Prince). There is a band named",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1115309",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\non the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The song was played regularly by album-oriented rock format radio stations in the United States throughout the 1980s, although radio stations in San Diego refrained from playing the track for some years in respect to local sensitivities about the shooting. The strings were arranged by Fiachra Trench. Apart from Geldof, pianist Johnnie Fingers and drummer Simon Crowe are the only members of the group who appear on the recording. In the UK the song reached Number One on the singles chart in July 1979, and won the Best Pop Song and Outstanding British Lyric",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14251315",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\nwhich was edited for the single release. According to Geldof, he wrote the song after reading a telex report at Georgia State University's campus radio station, WRAS, on the shooting spree of 16-year-old Brenda Ann Spencer, who fired at children in a school playground at Grover Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego, California, on 29 January 1979, killing two adults and injuring eight children and one police officer. Spencer showed no remorse for her crime; her full explanation for her actions was \"\"I don't like Mondays. This livens up the day\"\". Geldof had been contacted by Steve Jobs to play",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "131297",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Elementary School shooting (San Diego)\"\nin Atlanta. He was particularly struck by Spencer's claim that she did it because she did not like Mondays, and began writing a song about it, also incorporating the reporters' \"\"Tell me why?,\"\" called \"\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\" It was published in July 1979 and was number one for four weeks in the United Kingdom, and was the band's biggest hit in their native Ireland. Although it did not make the Top 40 in the U.S. it still received extensive radio airplay (outside of the San Diego area) despite the Spencer family's efforts to prevent it. Geldof has later mentioned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "131294",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Elementary School shooting (San Diego)\"\nis commonly reported as scratching the words \"\"courage\"\" and \"\"pride\"\" into her own skin; however, Spencer corrected this during her parole hearing as \"\"runes\"\" reading \"\"unforgiven\"\" and \"\"alone.\"\" In 2009, the board again refused her application for parole and ruled it would be ten years before she would be considered again. Spencer was cited as the inspiration for the song \"\"I Don't Like Mondays,\"\" written by Bob Geldof for his band the Boomtown Rats, which was released later that year. Geldof and his band were in San Diego performing at The Roxy Theater, a small movie theater and concert hall",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1115308",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\njournalists interviewing her said, 'Tell me why?' It was such a senseless act. It was the perfect senseless act and this was the perfect senseless reason for doing it. So perhaps I wrote the perfect senseless song to illustrate it. It wasn't an attempt to exploit tragedy. Geldof had originally intended the song as a B-side, but changed his mind after the song was successful with audiences on the Rats' US tour. Spencer's family tried unsuccessfully to prevent the single from being released in the United States. Despite being a major hit in the United Kingdom, it only reached #73",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17949514",
"chunk_text": "\"I Hate Mondays (song)\"\nI Hate Mondays (song) \"\"I Hate Mondays\"\" is a song by English singer-songwriter and musician Newton Faulkner. The song was released on 11 September 2009 in Australia. The song peaked at number 8 on the Australian Singles Chart. The lyrics to the song were written by Michael \"\"Horgs\"\" Horgan for the \"\"Hamish & Andy Show\"\"; specifically, the lyrics were made for a segment of the show called \"\"Horgs' Inventions\"\", where Horgs noted that there hadn't been any songs about hating Mondays in a long time. Harry Connick Jr also performed a version of the song, but his version was not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18846609",
"chunk_text": "\"The Boomtown Rats\"\nnumber one spot. In 1979, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\", was released. This was written in response to a school shooting in California carried out by Brenda Ann Spencer, and also reached No. 1 in the UK. It was a worldwide hit, with the exception being the United States. It was the band's only song to reach the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and was included in the band's third album, \"\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\". The album also contained \"\"Diamond Smiles\"\" and their next Top 10 hit in the UK, \"\"Someone's Looking at You\"\". In 1980 \"\"Banana Republic\"\" was released, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6272331",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Geldof\"\nhad their first No. 1 single in the UK with \"\"Rat Trap\"\", the first new wave chart-topper in Britain. In 1979, they gained international attention with their second UK No. 1, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\". This was both successful and controversial. Geldof had written it in the aftermath of Brenda Ann Spencer's attempted massacre at an elementary school in San Diego, California in 1979. In 1980, The Boomtown Rats released the album \"\"Mondo Bongo\"\". Its single \"\"Up All Night\"\" was a huge hit in the U.S. and its video was played frequently on MTV. Geldof became known as a colourful",
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"chunk_id": "16403051",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\nI Don't Like Mondays. I Don't Like Mondays. is a Japanese rock band based in Tokyo. They signed a recording contract with Nippon Columbia. Their abbreviated name is IDLMs. The band name \"\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\" was named because the members thought it would be very impressive if the band name was like a sentence. Every Monday is their holiday and they don't work on Mondays. They actually don't like Mondays, they say. They started out making music by holding sessions or by individuals but now they’ve found that discussion is the best way to do the music productions. If",
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_text": "\"Teenage tragedy song\"\nof Hell\"\" (Meat Loaf, 1977). By the end of the 1970s, teenage tragedy would chart without the element of melodrama – in 1979, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" by the Boomtown Rats, written by Bob Geldof in response to a senseless school shooting in the news while he was on tour in the U.S., went to No. 1 in the UK, and No. 4 in Canada. The Smiths 1987 song \"\"Girlfriend in a Coma\"\" also took inspiration from teenage tragedy songs, by taking the melodramatic aspect and pushing it to extremes. Some songs merely updated the sound of the previous era,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "16715583",
"chunk_text": "\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\nThe Fine Art of Surfacing The Fine Art of Surfacing was The Boomtown Rats' third album and contained the hit-single releases, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\", \"\"Diamond Smiles\"\" and \"\"Someone's Looking at You\"\". The album peaked at No. 7 in the UK Albums Chart in 1979. \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" b/w \"\"It's All the Rage\"\" was released in June 1979, and reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in late July in the UK in the same year. The song refers to Brenda Ann Spencer's killing spree on Monday, 29 January 1979 in San Diego, California. Bob Geldof also went",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "17949515",
"chunk_text": "\"I Hate Mondays (song)\"\nofficially released as a single. I Hate Mondays (song) \"\"I Hate Mondays\"\" is a song by English singer-songwriter and musician Newton Faulkner. The song was released on 11 September 2009 in Australia. The song peaked at number 8 on the Australian Singles Chart. The lyrics to the song were written by Michael \"\"Horgs\"\" Horgan for the \"\"Hamish & Andy Show\"\"; specifically, the lyrics were made for a segment of the show called \"\"Horgs' Inventions\"\", where Horgs noted that there hadn't been any songs about hating Mondays in a long time. Harry Connick Jr also performed a version of the song,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2094817",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\nlaunched \"\"IDLMs. CREATIVE DRECTION BY RESTIR EDITION\"\". They performed at a fashion show of Kansai Yamamoto. In 2015, they did a music direction for the short film called \"\"THE INDEPENDENTS\"\" Directed by LESLIE KEE Time 12:34 featuring YOHJI YAMAMOTO 2015 A/W Collections and they also performed in the film. One of their tracks\"\"Shape of Love\"\" was selected for H&M's sales campaign called \"\"Happy Golden Week\"\" which was H&M's first Japan original campaign. They also performed in the promotional movie for this campaign shot by Leslie Kee. I Don't Like Mondays. I Don't Like Mondays. is a Japanese rock band based",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "17443708",
"chunk_text": "\"WRAS (FM)\"\nSeveral platinum and gold records hang in Album 88's studios and offices. According to Bob Geldof, he penned the Boomtown Rats hit song, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" in the Album 88 office after reading a telex report of the schoolyard shooting on which the song is based. Album 88 has over 50 student volunteers who host many of the programs. Among the specialty shows on Album 88 are: \"\"The Georgia Music Show\"\" (dedicated exclusively to artists from Georgia), \"\"I Don't Care\"\" (punk), \"\"Soul Kitchen\"\" (funk, soul, disco and related), \"\"Crossroads\"\" (blues), \"\"Jet Lag\"\" (international psychedelia), \"\"New Theory\"\" (chillwave), \"\"Beatscape Lounge\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "19208939",
"chunk_text": "Monday\nthe Happy Mondays and an American pop punk band Hey Monday. The popular comic strip character Garfield by Jim Davis is well known for his disdain for Mondays. In the United Kingdom, more people commit suicide in England and Wales on Mondays than other days of the week; more people in the country in general call in sick; and more people worldwide surf the web. During July 2002, the consulting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting announced that it would rename itself to \"\"Monday\"\", and spend $110 million over the next year to establish that brand. Monday Monday is the day of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "1115310",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\ncategories at the Ivor Novello Awards. On 9 September 1981, Geldof was joined on stage by fellow Boomtown Rat, Johnnie Fingers, to perform the song for The Secret Policeman's Ball sponsored by Amnesty International. A recording of that performance appears on the 1982 album, The Secret Policeman's Other Ball. The Boomtown Rats performed the song for Live Aid at Wembley Stadium in 1985. This was the band's final major appearance. On singing the line, \"\"And the lesson today is how to die\"\", Geldof paused for 20 seconds while the crowd applauded on the significance to those starving in Africa that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "1115311",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\nLive Aid was intended to help. At a concert in London in 1995, almost ten years later to the day, Bon Jovi covered the song after being joined on stage by Geldof at Wembley Stadium. This recorded performance features on Bon Jovi's live album \"\"One Wild Night Live 1985–2001\"\", as well as on the bonus 2-CD edition of \"\"These Days\"\". Bon Jovi was again joined by Geldof for a performance of the song at The O2 Arena on 23 June 2010, the 10th night of their 12-night residency. Geldof himself performed a version of the song while hosting the Live",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "15559123",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Elementary School shooting (San Diego)\"\nshe was still in the house after the shooting, and asked her why she did it. She answered: \"\"I don't like Mondays. This livens up the day,\"\" which inspired Bob Geldof to write the Boomtown Rats song \"\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\" Brenda Spencer (born April 3, 1962) lived in the San Carlos neighborhood of San Diego, California in a house across the street from Grover Cleveland Elementary School in the San Diego Unified School District. Age 16, she was 5'2\"\" (157 cm) and had bright red hair. She is said to have self-identified as \"\"having been gay from birth.\"\" After",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "2094816",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\none of the four members is not satisfied with the production, that track will never be released. They produce not only music but also direct live shows and music videos by themselves. The band is active in the fashion industry, such as co-producing with \"\"RESTIR,\"\", a Japanese fashion brand/boutique. Launched an original brand \"\"IDLMs by I Don't Like Mondays.\"\". After the launch, they have collaborated with a Japanese original brand shop \"\"And A\"\" and started a collaborated brand called \"\"And A by \"\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\". In September 2016, they have announced to collaborate with a select apparel shop\"\"RESTIR\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "1115307",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\na gig for Apple, inspiring the opening line about a \"\"silicon chip\"\". The song was first performed less than a month later. Geldof explained how he wrote the song: I was doing a radio interview in Atlanta with [Johnnie] Fingers and there was a telex machine beside me. I read it as it came out. Not liking Mondays as a reason for doing somebody in is a bit strange. I was thinking about it on the way back to the hotel and I just said 'silicon chip inside her head had switched to overload'. I wrote that down. And the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "10510919",
"chunk_text": "\"Can't Stand Losing You\"\ngroup's first single to break the charts, and has held a spot in their live sets ever since it was written. The photography on the controversial cover was by Peter Gravelle. The original single capped at number 42 in late 1978, but the June 1979 reissue nearly topped the UK Singles charts, held off only by \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" by The Boomtown Rats. \"\"Can't Stand Losing You\"\" also appeared on the UK singles charts in 1980, as part of the \"\"Six Pack\"\" singles compilation set. The package (consisting of six 7\"\" vinyl singles) peaked at number 17 on the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "15801748",
"chunk_text": "\"One Wild Night Live 1985–2001\"\nOne Wild Night Live 1985–2001 One Wild Night Live 1985–2001 is a live album by the American rock band Bon Jovi, released in May 22, 2001. The album includes live covers of Neil Young's \"\"Rockin' in the Free World\"\" and performance of The Boomtown Rats' \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\", with a guest appearance by their lead singer Bob Geldof. Though stating it was recorded from 1985-2001, only two of the songs were recorded before 1995 (\"\"Runaway\"\" and \"\"In and Out of Love\"\" in 1985). The album charted at #20 on The Billboard 200. The duet of \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "19913636",
"chunk_text": "\"Simon Crowe\"\nSimon Crowe Simon Crowe (born April 14, 1955, Dublin, Ireland) is one of the current drummers for the Irish new wave band The Boomtown Rats. The original name of the Boomtown Rats was the \"\"Nightlife Thugs\"\". The name Boomtown Rats was taken from a novel entitled Bound for Glory by Woody Guthrie. The Boomtown Rats had eighteen hit singles in the UK, including \"\"Rat Trap\"\" and \"\"I Don't Like Mondays.\"\" Crowe has also been part of The Velcro Flies (with ex-Boomtown Rat Garry Roberts) and Gung~Ho (with ex-Boomtown Rat Johnny Fingers). After the group disbanded, Crowe lived in Devon for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "349444",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Have to Be Me ('til Monday)\"\nI Don't Have to Be Me ('til Monday) \"\"I Don't Have To Be Me ('til Monday)\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Steve Azar. It was released in October 2001 as the lead-off single from his album \"\"Waitin' on Joe\"\". The song peaked at number 2 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, becoming Azar's highest-peaking single. Azar wrote this song with R.C. Bannon and Jason Young. It also peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it his first and only Hot 100 entry, as well as his most",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "2140151",
"chunk_text": "\"Outlandos d'Amour\"\nJune 1979 reissue nearly topped the UK Singles Charts, surpassed only by \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" by The Boomtown Rats. \"\"Can't Stand Losing You\"\" briefly returned to the charts in 1980 as part of the \"\"Six Pack\"\" singles compilation set, which peaked at No. 17 on the UK charts in June 1980. In 1995, a live version of the song was released as a single and reached No. 27 in the charts. The following track, \"\"Truth Hits Everybody\"\", is a punk-influenced song. After that is \"\"Born in the 50's\"\", which details life as a teenager during the 1960s. \"\"Be My",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13659829",
"chunk_text": "\"Manic Monday\"\nManic Monday \"\"Manic Monday\"\" is a song by the American pop rock band The Bangles, and the first single released from their second studio album, \"\"Different Light\"\" (1986). It was written by American musician Prince, using the pseudonym \"\"Christopher\"\". Originally intended for the group Apollonia 6 in 1984, he offered the song to The Bangles two years later. Lyrically, it describes a woman who is waking up to go to work on Monday, wishing it were still Sunday so she could instead relax. The song, which was released on Monday January 27, 1986 by Columbia Records, received generally positive reviews",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16715585",
"chunk_text": "\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\nIn 2005, this album was re-released (it had previously been released but fell out of print quickly), digitally remastered by Bob Geldof and Pete Briquette with bonus tracks, mostly B-sides from various eras, that delve more deeply into the Rats' musical influences. All songs written by Bob Geldof unless otherwise indicated. Side A Album Singles The Fine Art of Surfacing The Fine Art of Surfacing was The Boomtown Rats' third album and contained the hit-single releases, \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\", \"\"Diamond Smiles\"\" and \"\"Someone's Looking at You\"\". The album peaked at No. 7 in the UK Albums Chart in 1979.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "17394355",
"chunk_text": "\"Happy Mondays\"\n\"\"Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out)\"\", was released in 1987 and was produced by John Cale. This was followed by two further albums: \"\"Bummed\"\", in 1988, produced by Martin Hannett, and \"\"Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches\"\", in 1990, produced by Paul Oakenfold and Steve Osborne. The latter, recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, went platinum in the UK, selling more than 350,000 copies. Singles \"\"Step On\"\" and \"\"Kinky Afro\"\" from this album both reached number 5 in the UK singles chart. By the late 1980s, the Happy Mondays were an important",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17394354",
"chunk_text": "\"Happy Mondays\"\n(1988), \"\"Madchester Rave On\"\" (1989), and \"\"Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches\"\" (1990), with the latter going platinum in the UK. They disbanded in 1993, and have reformed several times in subsequent decades. The band were signed to Factory Records after passing a demo tape to Phil Saxe, a trader at Manchester Arndale who was on friendly terms with Mike Pickering, a DJ at the Haçienda nightclub. Saxe became the band's manager. Their first release was the \"\"Forty Five EP\"\", often called the \"\"Delightful EP\"\" after its first track. It was released on Factory Records in September 1985. Their first album,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "4955748",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Geldof\"\nBob Geldof Robert Frederick Zenon Geldof, (; born 5 October 1951) is an Irish singer-songwriter, author, political activist and occasional actor. He rose to prominence as the lead singer of the Irish rock band The Boomtown Rats in the late 1970s and early 1980s, alongside the punk rock movement. The band had Number One hits with his compositions \"\"Rat Trap\"\" and \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\". Geldof co-wrote \"\"Do They Know It's Christmas?\"\", one of the best-selling singles of all time, and starred in Pink Floyd's 1982 film \"\"Pink Floyd – The Wall\"\" as \"\"Pink\"\". Geldof is widely recognised for his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19621648",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like\"\nI Don't Like \"\"I Don't Like\"\" is the debut single by Chief Keef featuring Lil Reese and produced by Young Chop on the Beat. It was released on March 11, 2012. It peaked at #73 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, #20 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and #15 on the Rap Songs chart. The song was produced by Young Chop. The video for \"\"I Don't Like\"\" went viral with over 28 million views on YouTube, before being taken down. The song features Chief Keef listing off things he does not like. The song was later remixed by Kanye West,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4397927",
"chunk_text": "\"Monday, Monday\"\nMonday, Monday \"\"Monday, Monday\"\" is a 1966 song written by John Phillips and recorded by the Mamas & the Papas using background instruments played by members of The Wrecking Crew for their 1966 album \"\"If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears\"\". It was the group's only #1 hit on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Phillips said that he wrote the song quickly, in about 20 minutes. The song includes a false ending, when there is a pause before the coda of the song, and goes up a half note for the bridges and refrains of the song. On March",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16526878",
"chunk_text": "\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\nRainy Days and Mondays \"\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\" is a 1971 song by the Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew, that went to number 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move by Carole King kept it from number 1. \"\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\" was the duo's fourth number 1 song on the Adult Contemporary singles chart. However, the song failed to chart in the United Kingdom until it went to number 63 in a reissue there in 1993. \"\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\" was certified Gold by the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "658875",
"chunk_text": "\"Happy Mondays\"\nHappy Mondays Happy Mondays are an English alternative rock band from Salford, Greater Manchester. Formed in 1980, the band's original line-up was Shaun Ryder (vocals), his brother Paul Ryder (bass), Mark Day (guitar), Paul Davis (keyboard), and Gary Whelan (drums). Mark \"\"Bez\"\" Berry later joined the band onstage as a dancer/percussionist. Rowetta joined the band as a guest vocalist in 1990. The group's work bridged the Manchester independent rock music of the 1980s and the emerging UK rave scene, drawing influence from funk, house, and psychedelia to pioneer the Madchester sound. They experienced their commercial peak with the releases \"\"Bummed\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "37971",
"chunk_text": "\"The Cold Crush Brothers\"\nreleased, the Cold Crush Brothers took hip hop abroad with tour dates in Japan and Europe. The Cold Crush Brothers began to release records commercially. The first single was \"\"Weekend\"\" on Elite Records and was released in the fall of 1982. It was a party and dance record that related to everyday working people and what families go through Monday–Friday. The Cold Crush four MCs would say in harmony the days of the week and then each one would take one day describe that weekday and what could happen; \"\"Monday the train was late you hardly eat and you wished",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "14739601",
"chunk_text": "\"Back Off Boogaloo\"\ncompared to Cipriani's score, which he considers \"\"lazy\"\". Apple Records issued the single on 17 March 1972 in Britain, as Apple R 5944, with a US release taking place three days later, as Apple 1849. It was Starr's first release since \"\"It Don't Come Easy\"\", a year before. During this period, his priority had been to develop a career as an actor in films such as \"\"200 Motels\"\" and \"\"Blindman\"\". Further aligning himself with Britain's glam rock movement, Starr made his directorial debut with \"\"Born to Boogie\"\", a film starring Bolan that included Starr's footage of a T. Rex concert",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "13014396",
"chunk_text": "\"Blue Monday (date)\"\nBlue Monday (date) Blue Monday is a name given to a day in January (typically the third Monday of the month) claimed to be the most depressing day of the year. The concept was first publicised as part of a 2005 press release from holiday company Sky Travel, which claimed to have calculated the date using an equation. It takes into account weather conditions and thus only applies to the Northern Hemisphere. The idea is considered pseudoscience, with its formula derided by scientists as nonsensical. This date was published in a press release under the name of Cliff Arnall, at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "15868010",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Like It\"\nI Don't Like It \"\"I Don't Like It\"\" is a song by Australian artist Pauline Pantsdown released on 1 August 1998. The song features unauthorised vocals from Pauline Hanson, a former independent MP and later founder of One Nation, sampled from interviews and media clips. It peaked at number 10 on the Australian ARIA Charts and was ranked number 58 in the 1998 Triple J Hottest 100 countdown. In 1997, Simon Hunt (a lecturer in sound and film at the College of Fine Arts in Sydney) as Pauline Pantsdown had released a song called \"\"Backdoor Man\"\", which had received a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "131295",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Elementary School shooting (San Diego)\"\nin the Pacific Beach district, on February 27, 1979, and the preliminary legal proceedings against Spencer were headlining local news broadcasts. \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" was also the title of a 2006 television documentary about the event. A plaque and flagpole were erected at Cleveland Elementary in memory of the shooting victims. The school was closed in 1983, along with a dozen other schools around the city, due to declining enrollment. In the ensuing decades, it was leased to several different charter and private schools. From 2005 to 2017, it housed the Magnolia Science Academy, a public charter middle school",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "17686092",
"chunk_text": "\"Diamond Smiles\"\nbeing derived from the song's lyrics. The girl in the video, is the same girl as the one in the <nowiki>\"\"</nowiki> I don't like Mondays video <nowiki>\"\"</nowiki> she was called Michelle Gibbons-Price In a review of the album \"\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\", critic Mike DeGagne said \"\"\"\"'Diamond Smiles' jaunts along on a hiccup-like rhythm\"\". Diamond Smiles \"\"Diamond Smiles\"\" was the second single from The Boomtown Rats' album \"\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\". It was the follow-up to their successful single \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" and also peaked at Number 13 in the UK Charts. The band has suggested that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17686090",
"chunk_text": "\"Diamond Smiles\"\nDiamond Smiles \"\"Diamond Smiles\"\" was the second single from The Boomtown Rats' album \"\"The Fine Art of Surfacing\"\". It was the follow-up to their successful single \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\" and also peaked at Number 13 in the UK Charts. The band has suggested that it might have fared better had it not been for a strike of lighting technicians on the powerful UK TV programme \"\"Top of The Pops\"\" at the time that the record was released and rising in the charts. Dealing with death, as had \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\", the song tells the story of a glamorous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "75806",
"chunk_text": "\"I Hate December\"\nI Hate December \"\"I Hate December\"\" (stylized as \"\"i hate december\"\") is a song by American band Ivy, released on January 12, 1996 by Scratchie Records. The track came from the band's first extended play, \"\"Lately\"\" (1994). It was written and produced by Andy Chase and Adam Schlesinger, while Dominique Durand also contributed to the lyrics and Peter Nashel handled additional production. While the version that appeared on \"\"Lately\"\" was not released as a commercial single, a remix was created and distributed as a CD single instead. \"\"I Hate December\"\" has a darker theme compared to most holiday songs, with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "658892",
"chunk_text": "\"Happy Mondays\"\ndates in 2005 (including Global Gathering), capping it off with a concert at the Manchester Arena. In June 2006, Happy Mondays performed in Liverpool, and on 30 July 2006 they were special guests at the Fuji Rock Festival. In August 2006, the band announced that they had completed their first album in fourteen years, with producers Sunny Levine and Howie B, and had signed to Sanctuary Records. A single \"\"Playground Superstar\"\", from the soundtrack for the football film \"\"Goal!\"\", was released a few months prior to completion of the new album, \"\"Uncle Dysfunktional\"\" released in mid 2007. on Noel Gallaghers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_id": "1311854",
"chunk_text": "\"Ensign Records\"\nsuccessful head of A&R from 1974 to 1976. He directly signed Thin Lizzy, 10cc, The Steve Miller Band, and a worldwide license for the successful All Platinum label (hits by Shirley & Co, the Moments, etc.), among others, before deciding to leave and set up his own independent label, duly funded by Phonogram. Ensign had early success with The Boomtown Rats in 1977, who went on to have 13 UK Top 20 entries including two at number 1 - \"\"Rat Trap\"\" and \"\"I Don't Like Mondays\"\". Ensign also had a constant stream of UK and European hits with Flash and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7130748",
"chunk_text": "\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\nRIAA. The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album \"\"Carpenters\"\", popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is \"\"Saturday\"\", written and sung by Richard Carpenter. Rainy Days and Mondays \"\"Rainy Days and Mondays\"\" is a 1971 song by the Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew, that went to number 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move by Carole King kept it from number",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_803
|
what does the sun represent on the uruguay flag?
|
n/a
|
[
"the May Revolution of 1810"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16348947",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Uruguay\"\nJoaquín Suárez. The horizontal stripes on the flag represent the nine original departments of Uruguay, based on the U.S. flag, where the stripes represent the original 13 colonies. The first flag designed in 1828 had 9 light blue stripes; this number was reduced to 4 in 1830 due to visibility problems from distance. The Sun of May represents the May Revolution of 1810; according to the historian Diego Abad de Santillán, the Sun of May is a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god of the Inca religion. It also appears in the Flag of Argentina and the Coat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16348946",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Uruguay\"\nFlag of Uruguay The national flag of Uruguay () is one of the three official flags of Uruguay alongside with the Flag of Artigas and the Flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy. The flag was first adopted by law on December 16, 1828, and had 19 stripes until July 11, 1830, when a new law reduced the number of stripes to nine. The flag was designed by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15525194",
"chunk_text": "\"Sun of May\"\nhas only sixteen rays. A 1978 law describing the official ceremonial flag of Argentina specifies that the sun must be golden yellow in color (\"\"), have an inner diameter of 10 cm, and an outer diameter of 25 cm (the diameter of the sun equals the height of the white stripe, and the sun's face is of its height), must feature 32 rays (16 undulated and 16 straight in alternation), and must be embroidered in the official ceremonial flag. Sun of May The Sun of May () is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay, and appears on both countries'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6430489",
"chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Uruguay\"\nCoat of arms of Uruguay The coat of arms of Uruguay was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829. It consists of an oval, which is divided into four equal sections and crowned by a rising golden sun, the “\"\"Sun of May\"\"”, symbolizing the rising of the Uruguayan nation. The oval is surrounded by a laurel branch on the left and an olive one on the right, representing honor and peace, joined at the bottom by a blue ribbon. In the upper left quarter there is a scale, symbol of equality and justice, set on a blue background. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16348948",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Uruguay\"\nof Arms of Bolivia. During Spanish rule: Independence from Spain: Flag of Cisplatina, under Brazilian occupation between 1821 and 1825: Uruguayan independence: During the Great Siege of Montevideo (1843-1851) Uruguay had two parallel governments, with two different flags: Flag of Uruguay The national flag of Uruguay () is one of the three official flags of Uruguay alongside with the Flag of Artigas and the Flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3630437",
"chunk_text": "\"Solar symbol\"\nof depicting the Sun with rays and with a human face develops in Western tradition in the high medieval period and becomes widespread in the Renaissance, harking back to the Sun god (Sol/Helios) being depicted as wearing a radiate crown on his head in classical antiquity. The Jesuit emblem, the flag of Uruguay, the flag of Kiribati, some versions of the flag of Argentina, the Irish Defence Forces cap badge, and the are official insignia which incorporate rayed solar symbols. The depictions of the sun on the flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan), the flag of Kazakhstan, the flag",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15525192",
"chunk_text": "\"Sun of May\"\nplace in the week from 18 to 25 May 1810, which marked the beginning of the independence from the Spanish Empire for the countries that were then part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. A legend claims that as the new government was proclaimed, the sun broke through the clouds, which was seen as a good omen. In the flag of Argentina, the Sun of May is the radiant golden yellow sun bearing the human face and thirty-two rays that alternate between sixteen straight and sixteen wavy. In the flag of Uruguay, the Sun of May is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12542927",
"chunk_text": "\"Sun of May\"\nSun of May The Sun of May () is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay, and appears on both countries' flags. According to the historian Diego Abad de Santillán, the Sun of May is a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god of the Inca religion. Worshiped as a patron deity of the Inca Empire, Pachacuti is often linked to the origin and expansion of the Inca Sun Cult. The most common story says that he is the son of Viracocha, the god of civilization. The specification \"\"\"\"of May\"\"\"\" is a reference to the May Revolution which took",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13095618",
"chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Uruguay\"\nupper right quarter contains the \"\"Cerro de Montevideo\"\" (Montevideo Hill) with its fortress on the summit, which represents strength, on a silver background. In the lower left, also on a silver background, there is a galloping horse, symbolizing liberty. The lower right quarter holds an ox, which is a symbol of abundance, on a blue background. Coat of arms of Uruguay The coat of arms of Uruguay was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829. It consists of an oval, which is divided into four equal sections and crowned by a rising golden sun, the “\"\"Sun of May\"\"”, symbolizing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3059118",
"chunk_text": "\"Sun (heraldry)\"\nof Mortimer's Cross in 1461. It also had significance in alchemy, and may be a symbol of the Roman deity \"\"Sol Invictus\"\" (Unconquered Sun). It is a common charge in the heraldry of many countries; \"\"e.g.\"\" the bearings of Armstrong, Canada, and the arms of Banbury Town Council, England. It also often appears as a rising sun as in the arms of East Devon District Council, England, and as a demi sun as in the coat of Aitchison, Canada. The Sun of May shown on the national flags of Argentina (1818) and Uruguay (1828) is identical in form to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6874537",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Argentina\"\nproportions are 9:14, and its official size is 0.9 by 1.4 meters. It features three stripes alternating sky blue, white and sky blue. Each stripe is 30 centimeters high. In the center stripe there is an emblem known as the Sun of May (), a golden sun. Historian Diego Abad de Santillán claimed that the Sun of May was a representation of the Inca sun god Inti. Flags with proportions of 1:2 and 2:3 are also in use. The colors are officially defined using the CIE 1976 standard: The following are given for computer, textile, print and plastic use: The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6874538",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Argentina\"\nSpanish word (sky blue) is used to describe the colour of the blue stripes. The sun is called the Sun of May because it is a replica of an engraving on the first Argentine coin, approved in 1813, whose value was eight \"\"escudos\"\" (one Spanish dollar). It has 16 straight and 16 waved sunbeams. In 1978 the sun color was specified to be golden yellow (), to have an inner diameter of 10 cm, and an outer diameter of 25 cm (the diameter of the sun equals the height of the white stripe. The sun's face is of its height).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15579734",
"chunk_text": "\"Yacht Club Uruguayo\"\nincorporated branches in Punta del Este and Santiago Vázquez. The club`s ensign is Uruguay`s national flag according to a constitutional decree approved on 11 August 1908. The club has an emblem with a sun and an anchor and a burgee with four blue stripes on white and a red anchor at the canton. The club started its international relations in 1909 with the arrival of sailors from the Yacht Club Argentino. Since then, the yacht club promotes international contacts with clubs around the world and encourages sailors to participate in worldwide sailing events such as world and regional sailing championships",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13141550",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Artigas\"\nFlag of Artigas The Flag of Artigas is one of the three official flags of Uruguay, it pays homage to José Gervasio Artigas, the national hero of Uruguay. It has three horizontal stripes, the top and bottom being blue, and the central one white. On top of them, it has a diagonal red stripe. The Flag of Artigas must be flown alongside the National Flag and the Flag of the Treinta y Tres on government buildings. The Flag of Artigas, and emblems derived from it, have traditionally been used as the symbols of the Military of Uruguay. For much of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8727896",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of the Hispanic People\"\nFlag of the Hispanic People The Flag of the Hispanicity (Spanish: \"\"Bandera de la Hispanidad\"\") is a flag sometimes used to represent the Hispanic people or Hispanic community. The Flag of the Hispanicity displays a white background with three purple crosses and a rising sun. The flag was designed by Ángel Camblor, a captain of the Uruguayan Army. He was the winner of a contest organized by Juana de Ibarbourou in 1932. The flag was first raised in Montevideo, at the Independence Square, on October 12, 1932. The flag is also sometimes occasionally alternately used to represent the entire geographical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14473455",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of the Treinta y Tres\"\nFlag of the Treinta y Tres The Flag of the Treinta y Tres is one of the three official flags of Uruguay, alongside with the Flag of Uruguay and the Flag of Artigas. It pays homage to the disembarkation of the \"\"Thirty-Three Orientals\"\" at Agraciada Beach, on April 19, 1825. It has three horizontal stripes, the top one blue representing greatness, the central one white as symbol of the Republic and the bottom one red in honor of the blood of those who died for freedom and independence. It carries Uruguay's national motto \"\"Libertad o Muerte\"\" (Freedom or Death) on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20945327",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Mercosur\"\nthe Emblem / Logo of MERCOSUR, through the approval of Decision No. 17/02. In accordance with this Decision, the symbols are in use in the states parties and related bodies and may be used without prior permission by individuals or national entities of the member states, always in a manner consistent with the objectives of Mercosur. The Mercosur Flag is made up of a white rectangle and above it has the Mercosur emblem that is composed of four blue stars located in a curved green line, representing the constellation of the southern transept that emerges from the horizon. The four",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10691262",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Argentina\"\nflag as a war flag. It was the Congress of Tucumán which finally designated it as the national flag, in 1816. A yellow Sun of May was added to the center in 1818. The full flag featuring the sun is called the Official Ceremonial Flag (). The flag without the sun is considered the Ornamental Flag (). While both versions are equally considered the national flag, the ornamental version must always be hoisted below the Official Ceremony Flag. In vexillological terms, the Official Ceremonial Flag is the civil, state and war flag and ensign, while the Ornamental Flag is an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "862097",
"chunk_text": "Crux\nthe Australian state of Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, as well as the flag of Magallanes Region of Chile, the flag of Londrina (Brazil) and several Argentine provincial flags and emblems (for example, \"\"Tierra del Fuego\"\" and \"\"Santa Cruz\"\"). The flag of the Mercosur trading zone displays the four brightest stars. Crux also appears on the Brazilian coat of arms and, , on Brazilian passports. A Cross also gets a mention in the lyrics of the Brazilian National Anthem (1909): \"\"\"\"A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece\"\"\"\" (\"\"the image of the Cross shines\"\"). Five stars appear in the logo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2713935",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Paraná (state)\"\nFlag of Paraná (state) The flag of Paraná, Brazil, was adopted on January 9, 1892. It went through changes in March 1947, and again in September, 1990. The current flag took its form on March 31, 1947. It is composed of a green quadrilateral, crossed from the upper left angle to the lower right by a large white stripe, which symbolizes the Tropic of Capricorn (which passes through northern paraná), bearing a blue circle with the five stars of the Southern Cross (Crux) in lower course. The Cross is depicted with south at the top, as it appears in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3886476",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Artigas\"\nthe Flag of Artigas, but with blue at the centre, surrounded by white then blue, and with the red diagonal stripe overall. The flag of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, mostly governed by the Federal Party and Justo José Urquiza between 1842 and 1870, is inspired on the flag of Artigas and looks very similar, except that it has a 9:14 ratio and the blue stripes are much lighter. Flag of Artigas The Flag of Artigas is one of the three official flags of Uruguay, it pays homage to José Gervasio Artigas, the national hero of Uruguay. It has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1163745",
"chunk_text": "Argentina\nSome of Argentina's national symbols are defined by law, while others are traditions lacking formal designation. The Flag of Argentina consists of three horizontal stripes equal in width and colored light blue, white and light blue, with the Sun of May in the center of the middle white stripe. The flag was designed by Manuel Belgrano in 1812; it was adopted as a national symbol on 20 July 1816. The Coat of Arms, which represents the union of the provinces, came into use in 1813 as the seal for official documents. The Argentine National Anthem was written by Vicente López",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6874535",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Argentina\"\nThe article 3 stated that the flag with the sun in its center is to be used only by the Federal and Provincial Governments; while individuals and institutions use a flag without the sun. In 1985 the Law 23,208 repealed the article 3 of the Decree 10,302/1944, saying that the Federal and Provincial Governments, as well as individuals have the right to use the Official Flag of the Nation. Popular belief attributes the colors to those of the sky, clouds and the sun; some anthems to the flag like \"\"Aurora\"\" or \"\"Salute to the flag\"\" state so as well. However,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1263822",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Argentina\"\ndeclaration of independence. The proposal was made by the deputy Juan José Paso and the text written by the deputy of Charcas, José Serrano. On February 25, 1818, the Congress (now working at Buenos Aires) included the Sun of May in the war flag, after the proposal of deputy Chorroarín. The sun was copied after the one that the first Argentine coin featured in 1813. It was subsequently decided to keep it as part of the regular flag afterwards, and thus the sun no longer represents war. José de San Martín was aware of the new flag, but did not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6874521",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Antigua and Barbuda\"\ntop of the black band. The rising sun symbolises the dawning of a new era. The colours have different meanings, the black is for the African ancestry of the people, the blue for hope, the red for energy or life of the people. The successive colouring of yellow, blue, and white (from the sun down) also stands for the sun, sea, and sand. The blue also represents the Caribbean Sea, and the V-shape is the symbol of victory. The state ensign, which is used only by the national coast guard, consists of a white field, a red cross, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6526405",
"chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Argentina\"\nthree men involved: Alvear, Monteagudo, and Vieytes, but it is known that a few years before, President Bernardino Rivadavia asked the Peruvian Antonio Isidoro Castro to create an Argentine coat of arms; however, the two schemes have never been found. The coat of arms is a figure, in which at the top we find the gold-yellowed Sun of May, also found on the flag of Argentina. The rising sun symbolizes the rising of Argentina, as described in the first version of the Argentine National Anthem, \"\", meaning \"\"a new and glorious nation rises to the surface of the Earth\"\". It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18734235",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Alagoas\"\ndepict sugarcane and cotton. The five-pointed silver star is a Brazilian heraldic tradition, and refers to the star on the coat of arms of Brazil. It also refers to the \"\"Hino de Alagoas\"\" (), which refers to the state as a \"\"bright star\"\" (). Flag of Alagoas The flag of Alagoas was created by State Law of Alagoas No. 2628 on 23 September 1963. The colors (red, white, and blue) refer to the French \"\"Tricolore\"\", symbolizing the ideals of the French Revolution: \"\"liberté, égalité, fraternité\"\". The coat of arms symbolizes the first city of Porto Calvo. The three shells represents",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1541096",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Brazil\"\nFlag of Brazil The flag of Brazil (), known in Portuguese as A Auriverde (The Yellow-and-green One), is a blue disc depicting a starry sky (which includes the Southern Cross) spanned by a curved band inscribed with the national motto \"\"\"\"Ordem e Progresso\"\"\"\" (\"\"Order and Progress\"\"), within a yellow rhombus, on a green field. Brazil officially adopted this design for its national flag on November 19, 1889 — four days after the Proclamation of the Republic, to replace the flag of the Empire of Brazil. The concept was the work of Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, with the collaboration of Miguel Lemos,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16348455",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe\"\nthe flag remained unchanged. The colors and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The green alludes to the plentiful vegetation of the country, while the yellow stands for the tropical sun and cocoa, a key agricultural crop for the nation. The red evokes the \"\"struggle for independence\"\", as well as equality. The two stars on the yellow band represent the two islands that make up the country. Nationally, the flag was inspired by the MLSTP flag; it is almost identical to it except that the widths of the horizontal bands on the national flag are at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20115057",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Brazil\"\nand black the Africans. Flag of Brazil The flag of Brazil (), known in Portuguese as A Auriverde (The Yellow-and-green One), is a blue disc depicting a starry sky (which includes the Southern Cross) spanned by a curved band inscribed with the national motto \"\"\"\"Ordem e Progresso\"\"\"\" (\"\"Order and Progress\"\"), within a yellow rhombus, on a green field. Brazil officially adopted this design for its national flag on November 19, 1889 — four days after the Proclamation of the Republic, to replace the flag of the Empire of Brazil. The concept was the work of Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3630438",
"chunk_text": "\"Solar symbol\"\nof Kurdistan, and the flag of Nepal have only straight (triangular) rays, while that on the flag of Kyrgyzstan has only curvy rays. The flag of the Philippines has short diverging rays grouped into threes. Another form of rayed depiction of the sun is with simple radial lines dividing the field into two colors, as in the military flags of Japan and the current Flag of the Republic of Macedonia, and in the top parts of the flag of Tibet and the flag of Arizona. The flag of New Mexico is based on the Zia people's sun symbol which has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16348366",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Paraguay\"\nde Asunción), each side of this tricolour flag contains a horizontal tricolor of red, white and blue with the National Emblem centered on the white band. The emblem on the obverse side is the national coat of arms of Paraguay: a yellow five-pointed star surrounded by a green wreath of palm and olive leaves tied with ribbons of the colour of the stripes, and capped by the words (\"\"Republic of Paraguay\"\" in Spanish), all within two concentric circles). The colours of the flag are believed to be inspired from the flag of France to show independence and liberty, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1884813",
"chunk_text": "Uruguay\nSalto in the northern interior to at Montevideo in the south. The midsummer month of January varies from a warm average of at Salto to at Montevideo. National extreme temperatures at sea level are, Paysandú city (20 January 1943) and Melo city (14 June 1967). Uruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. The Executive Power is exercised by the president and a cabinet of 13",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16348365",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Paraguay\"\nFlag of Paraguay The flag of Paraguay () was first adopted in 1842. Its design, a red–white–blue triband, was inspired by the colours of the Dutch flag, believed to signify independence and liberty. The flag is unusual because it differs on its obverse and reverse sides: the obverse of the flag shows the national coat of arms, and the reverse shows the seal of the treasury. It was revised in 2013 to bring the flag towards its original design. It has a ratio of 11:20. Officially adopted in 1842 (following the Recomendación, i. e. : address, de la Junta gubernativa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10418130",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup\"\nthe Argentina-Uruguay 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup Americas qualifier match held in 23 February 2018 in Olavarría. The logo design was inspired from the Flag of Argentina. The ball represents the sun of the flag while the hands depicted contesting a tip off was derived from the two blue bands of the flag. The hands are meant to evoke a \"\"sense of a journey unfolding\"\". The brand identity used for the tournament had its sun as its primary symbol which is meant to symbolize the \"\"new stars that will rise and shine\"\" in the tournament. 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7795938",
"chunk_text": "\"Sun cross\"\nchariot, it may thus have had a \"\"solar\"\" connotation (compare the Trundholm sun chariot). The same symbol represents the Earth in astronomical symbols, while the Sun is represented by a circle with a center point. The Native Americans and other indigenous peoples continue using the solar cross on their symbolic and as decoration practices. In modern music tablature, the solar cross denotes a change of an acoustic guitar tone distortion. The Sassanian Empire in Persia used a similar solar cross on their banner, called the Derafsh Kaviani symbol. The Norwegian fascist party used a golden sun cross on a red",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "494485",
"chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Argentina\"\nmust be noticed how the verb \"\"rise\"\", in English and Spanish can be used to describe the motion of the Sun. In the center ellipse there are two shaking hands, connoting the unity of the provinces of Argentina. The hands come together to hold a pike, which represents power and willingness to defend freedom, epitomized by the Phrygian cap on the top of the spear. The blue and white colors are symbols of the Argentine people and the same colors of the Argentine flag. Those derive from those utilised in the cockade promoting liberation from Spain, in the May Revolution",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8620108",
"chunk_text": "\"Uruguay national football team\"\nUruguay national football team The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uruguay. The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez. The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste (The Sky Blue). They have won the Copa América 15 times, the most successful national team in the tournament, the most recent title being the 2011 edition. The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice, including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts, defeating Argentina 4–2 in the final. They won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "397628",
"chunk_text": "\"Solar symbol\"\nU+1F31E . The \"\"sun with rays\"\" pictogram is also used to represent the \"\"high brightness\"\" setting in display devices, encoded separately by Unicode (version 6.0) at U+1F506 (Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block). The \"\"sun cross\"\" or \"\"solar wheel\"\" (🜨) is often considered to represent the four seasons and the tropical year, and therefore the Sun. In the prehistoric religion of Bronze Age Europe, crosses in circles appear frequently on artifacts identified as cult items, for example the \"\"miniature standard\"\" with an amber inlay that shows a cross shape when held against the light, dating to the Nordic Bronze Age, held",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8107306",
"chunk_text": "Inti\ncan be found on the Flag of Argentina and Flag of Uruguay. Inti Inti is the ancient Incan sun god. He is revered as the national patron of the Inca state. Although most consider Inti the sun god, he is more appropriately viewed as a cluster of solar aspects, since the Inca divided his identity according to the stages of the sun. Worshiped as a patron deity of the Inca Empire, Pachacuti is often linked to the origin and expansion of the Inca Sun Cult. The most common story says that he is the son of Viracocha, the god of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13723924",
"chunk_text": "\"San Pedro, Laguna\"\nIt also symbolizes unity and harmony among the city constituents. The number of buds may be increased through time should new barangays are created in the future. This Star is our logo’s connection to the Philippine National Flag. Its 8 rays symbolize the 8 provinces (including Laguna) which first revolted against Spanish colonization during the 19th centtury. Our ancestors have long considered the sun as the center of humankind's existence. It symbolizes life, power, strength, energy, force and clarity. In Christianity the sun is the house of Archangel Michael (Gabriel lives within the moon), and is also a symbol of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16317031",
"chunk_text": "\"Hispanic America\"\nlegacy. It was created in October 1933 by Ángel Camblor, captain of the Uruguayan army. It was adopted by all the states of Spanish America during the Pan-American Conference of the same year in Montevideo, Uruguay. The white background stands for peace, the Inti sun god of Inca mythology symbolizes the light shining on the Americas, and the three crosses represent Christopher Columbus' caravels, the \"\"Niña\"\", \"\"Pinta\"\", and \"\"Santa María\"\", used in his first voyage from Spain to the New World in 1492. The deep lilac color of the crosses evokes the color of the lion on the coat of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3059410",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of the Mapuches\"\npresent city that bears his name, who was followed by troops that wore blue, white and red emblems. The most characteristic feature of the old Araucanian flag is the Guñelve (wünelfe in Mapudungun) that is a symbol from the Mapuche iconography which can be described as an octagram or a star with eight points. It represents the planet Venus, but has also erroneously been thought to represent the canelo tree, which is considered sacred among the Mapuches. The guñelve, also called the \"\"Star of Arauco\"\", was the inspired of Bernardo O'Higgins to create the current flag of Chile. In March",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3886475",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Artigas\"\nthe 20th Century, warships of the Uruguayan Navy flew the Flag of Artigas as the naval jack, until being replaced by another (historical) design in recent years. The aircraft of the Uruguayan Air Force display the Flag of Artigas on the fins, as well as a circular version of the flag (roundel) on the fuselages and wings. There is also a different version of the roundel, known as the Artigas' Cockade, which is worn as a cockade on the uniforms of the Military of Uruguay, and also serves as the emblem of the Uruguayan Army. It is likewise based on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10691261",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Argentina\"\nFlag of Argentina The flag of Argentina is a triband, composed of three equally wide horizontal bands coloured light blue and white. There are multiple interpretations on the reasons for those colors. The flag was created by Manuel Belgrano, in line with the creation of the Cockade of Argentina, and was first raised at the city of Rosario on February 27, 1812, during the Argentine War of Independence. The National Flag Memorial was later built on the site. The First Triumvirate did not approve the use of the flag, but the Asamblea del Año XIII allowed the use of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10800859",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Ecuador\"\nof Argentina until 1985, the national flag charged with the Sun of May in the middle. Peru and Bolivia still restricts the usage of the state flag to just the government bodies and institutions and reserves the plain flags for national celebrations or as directed by law. However, in practice the flag with the coat of arms is often used in place of the plain flag, especially when it is important to distinguish the latter from the flag of Colombia. In the case when Colombian merchant marine ships are at sea, the Colombian national flag is charged with a red",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18526090",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Mercosur\"\nblue stars also represent the four founding countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Flag of Mercosur The Flag of Mercosur is the official vexilological symbol of Mercosur. The emblem was chosen in a contest promoted by the Communications Directorates of the Presidencies of the Member States, in which 1,412 works were presented, with the winner being the argentine designer Carlos Varau. The approval of the winning design took place at the XI Meeting of the Common Market Council (CMC), held on December 16 and 17, 1996, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. In 2002, the Common Market Council regulated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1541112",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Brazil\"\nBrazilian states and the Federal District. The constellation of the Southern Cross is on the meridian (indicated by the number 6 in the diagram). To the south of it is Polaris Australis (Sigma Octantis, numbered 7), representing the Federal District. The motto appears on a band roughly coincident with the ecliptic. A single star lies above the band, representing the large northern state of Pará, which straddles the equator. The stars depicted on the flag and the states they represent are: The flag's colours are not accurately specified in any legal document. Approximate colours are listed below: The federal law",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8107305",
"chunk_text": "Inti\ncult. In astronomy, Apu Inti and Churi Inti can actually be separated from one another along an astronomical axis. This is because they are associated with the summer and winter solstices respectively. Inti Wawqi, however, is not associated with an astronomical location. The sun is also found on the coat of arms of Bolivia and coat of arms of Ecuador, as well as the historical flag of Peru. All these three countries were historically part of the Incan Empire. It is also depicted on the Hispanic flag. The Sun of May has possibly its roots in Inti as well and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12251737",
"chunk_text": "\"C.A. Progreso\"\nat that time was Dr. Tabaré Vázquez, who is the current president of Uruguay. Progreso's first team kit in 1917 was white with black stripes. The kit expressed the team's affinity with the anarchist movement. The colors were later changed to red and yellow, the colors of Catalonia, which was known for its identification with the Spanish Revolution. C.A. Progreso Club Atlético Progreso, also known simply as Progreso, is a football club based in Montevideo, Uruguay. Progreso currently plays in the nation's Primera División. The team's red and yellow striped kit emulates the Catalan flag. Progreso's Parque Abraham Paladino stadium",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_804
|
who dies in season 2 of the originals?
|
n/a
|
[
"Kol"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897569",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nDamon's protection. Elena is \"\"killed\"\" in the ritual but is shown to have survived. Regardless, Klaus's werewolf side is unleashed and he becomes the first hybrid, half vampire half werewolf. Bonnie arrives and subdues Klaus with her powers, giving Elijah the opportunity to strike, but Klaus talks him down offering to help find their siblings. Elena's survival is revealed as John had Bonnie cast a spell that had him die in Elena's place. The next morning John succumbs and dies. At his funeral, Elena reads a note from John saying he will always love her and she will always be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897557",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nwith Damon. She dies after being bitten by werewolf Jules. Michaela McManus joined the cast in a guest role as a werewolf who comes to town looking for answers about Mason's death. She helps Tyler deal with the discovery that he is a werewolf, but is later killed during the sacrifice. Bryton James portrays warlock Luka Martin in season two. He befriends Bonnie, but it is later revealed that he and his father work for Elijah. When he tries to save Elijah invisibly, Damon burns him to death. His father Jonas Martin, played by Randy J. Goodwin in season two,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897554",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nfor the moonstone, a family heirloom. Tyler later learns of his family's werewolf curse. Meanwhile, Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola) is killed by Katherine while having Damon Salvatore's (Ian Somerhalder) blood in her system, turning her into a vampire. The arrival of the original vampires, Elijah (Daniel Gillies) and Klaus Mikaelson (Joseph Morgan), also bring about complications. Klaus is a vampire-werewolf hybrid, but his werewolf side had been forced into dormancy by witches, as nature would not stand for such an imbalance in power. Therefore, Klaus arrives in town with plans to break the curse and unleash his werewolf side by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897558",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nis introduced as a friend of Elijah. He is a warlock who, in order to save his daughter Greta, is willing and able to help defeat Klaus. He is later killed by Katherine, who is protecting the Salvatore brothers. Gino Anthony Pesi portrays Maddox at the end of season two, a warlock who works for Klaus. Matt shoots him to death when he tries to overcome Damon. On February 18, 2011, it was announced that British actor Joseph Morgan had signed on to play original vampire Klaus. The second season focuses mainly on the arrival of Elena's doppelgänger Katherine Pierce",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897564",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\ntells her that Klaus will be weakened by the sacrificial ritual, meaning that Elena has to die so that Elijah can kill him and free his sister. John gives Damon the special dagger to kill Elijah. Elena finds out that if a vampire uses the dagger, that vampire will die. Stefan warns Damon and Alaric stabs Elijah, but he pulls the dagger out and tells Elena their deal is off. Elena stabs herself in the stomach, and Elijah begs her to let him heal her. She stabs him with the dagger and leaves it in him. Elijah's death means that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897563",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\neffects of the bite, Damon stakes her in a glorious dream they share, giving her a peaceful death. Uncle John returns to Mystic Falls and comes as an unpleasant surprise to Elena, Damon, Jenna, and Alaric. John reveals to Damon that the only way to kill an Original is with a dagger dipped in white ash wood. A boy named Luka settle in the town with his father (they are both warlocks) and reveals that they are working for Elijah because Klaus has his sister Greta and they want him (Luka) dead as well. Luka becomes friends with Bonnie and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897561",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nOriginals (the first generation of vampires). Rose reveals to Elena that she is the Petrova doppelgänger and needs to be sacrificed to break the sun and moon curse. Katherine was also a Petrova doppelgänger, who used Trevor to help her escape from the Originals and Rose to turn her into a vampire to save herself. Elena is rescued by Stefan and Damon by stabbing Elijah with a sharp wooden pole and they escape. Klaus, one of the original vampires, arrives and is now hunting Elena. His brother Elijah has made a deal with Elena to protect her loved ones, because",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897556",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nrole as Tyler's uncle Mason, a werewolf who comes to town after his brother dies. Katherine sends Mason to Mystic Falls to get the moonstone for her. He succeeds, but Damon and Stefan find out that he works with Katherine, and Damon kills him. Mason has been described as a \"\"cool\"\" uncle, sexy and athletic. Lauren Cohan joined the cast as Rose, a 500-year-old vampire and possible love interest for Damon. She kidnaps Elena to hand her over to Elijah, but Elena is saved by Stefan and Damon. She then becomes their ally and even starts a small romantic relationship",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10848234",
"chunk_text": "\"Daniel Meade\"\ncontrol his sex addiction. The first season ended with Daniel accidentally overdosing, and Alexis attempting to get Daniel to the hospital. On the way, the car crashed because the assassin Alexis had hired to kill Bradford Meade had cut the brakes. In the premiere of season 2, Daniel recovered from the car wreck, and was a wheelchair user while his sister was still in a coma three weeks later. Later on, he helped Betty \"\"bury\"\" Henry, and at the last minute threw his pills into the hole, saying he will get over his addictions. Alexis woke up from her coma",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14132758",
"chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nto their \"\"linked\"\" status. However, Klaus manages to force Bonnie into unlinking the siblings moments before Finn is killed. It is revealed through Finn's death that when an Original dies, all vampires of his or her bloodline die as well. As was revealed in the season finale of \"\"The Originals\"\", Finn returns along with his mother Esther and brother Kol in another body of a male witch named Vincent. He is portrayed by New Zealand actor Daniel Gillies Elijah first appears in episode eight of season two, entitled \"\"Rose\"\". Elijah is brought into the circle by two vampires named Rose",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18247721",
"chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: Season Two\"\ntyrannically. The group immediately plans an escape assisted by two other survivors, Jane and Mike. Luke warns the group of an oncoming walker horde before being captured. After Kenny takes the blame for a stolen walkie-talkie, Carver assaults him and permanently damages his left eye. While Bonnie defects from Carver, Clementine blasts a CD over the mall's intercom to draw the horde. Carver is subdued and beaten to death by Kenny with a crowbar. The group then covers themselves in walker blood to attempt their way through the horde undetected, but Carlos is devoured. As a walker bites Sarita, Clementine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897559",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nand on her reasons for returning to Mystic Falls. It also introduces werewolves. Tyler's werewolf uncle, Mason Lockwood, arrives after the death of Tyler's father and tells Tyler about the so-called \"\"Lockwood curse\"\" in their family. To activate the werewolf gene, the person must kill someone. Katherine turns Caroline into a vampire, so as to have a spy against Stefan and Elena. Katherine's main reason for returning to Mystic Falls is to find the moonstone, with the help of Mason, who is killed by Damon. Katherine calls in a favor from a witch named Lucy to get the stone. Lucy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21007009",
"chunk_text": "\"Ofelia Salazar\"\nenough, however, to simply kill her. Nope: After being bitten, Ofelia survived many many hours longer. How long, exactly? Long enough to drive from Broken Jaw Ranch and across the Mexico border, where she survived until nightfall hopped up on pain meds. She died about 30 seconds before her father, Daniel, arrived from the Tijuana dam. That's right: After splitting Ofelia and Daniel apart in the season two midseason finale, they have been teasing their reunion for the last six or seven episodes. And just as they were about to finally see each other again, Ofelia croaks. Cruel twist, bro.\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14132763",
"chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nkilled the rest of his siblings. Elijah thus at first tries to help Elena and her friends kill Klaus, but ends up saving him instead in the Season 2 finale episode, because Klaus promises to take Elijah to their family (Elijah had assumed Klaus had hidden their \"\"dead\"\" bodies deep in the ocean) if Elijah spares him. In season two's finale however, it is revealed that Klaus double-crossed Elijah once again, and daggered him to keep him close to him, like the rest of his daggered siblings. Damon undaggers Elijah later in season 3 to help him find a way",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11520681",
"chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nawaking, Matt doesn't remember. Soon, the Other Side completely disintegrates, and Kol's fate is left unknown. Some time later in season 2 of \"\"The Originals\"\", a young man named Kaleb appears in New Orleans, flirting with the young but powerful witch Davina Claire. He later meets up with Cassie and Vincent, two witches whose bodies have been taken over by Esther and Finn. It's revealed that Kaleb is actually Kol, having taken possession of a body as well. Kol continues his relationship with Davina Claire, originally because his mother told him to but develops feelings for her. He chooses to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20782860",
"chunk_text": "\"Elena Gilbert\"\nJohn, who she grew up hating, were. In season two, she learns that she is a Petrova doppelgänger, having an appearance just like Katherine Pierce, which means that she has to be sacrificed to release Klaus' werewolf side. The sacrifice later happens, but Elena is saved, because John sacrificed himself for her after being put under a spell by Bonnie. However, her aunt Jenna is turned into a vampire and, as part of the sacrifice, is killed by Klaus, leaving Elena without a guardian. In the season two finale, while Damon is dying due to a werewolf bite, she forgives",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897568",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nkilled Maddox. Klaus says that he has backups. Klaus takes Elena from Stefan. Elena sees Jenna, who thinks she is dead, but Greta tells her she is transitioning. Damon asks Katherine about the vampire, and she says that Jenna is the backup vampire. He then checks his arm and sees that Tyler has bitten him. In the season's finale, Klaus is working on the ritual out in the woods and is near completion when he is about to kill Elena, but Stefan tries to work a deal with him. Klaus agrees to have Stefan work for him in exchange for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897566",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nDamon tells Bonnie to put on a protection spell and make Alaric/Klaus believe that she is dead. Elena does not want Bonnie to die, so she pulls the dagger out of Elijah's heart. After Elijah comes to life, Elena learns the full history of Klaus. The Aztec curse is fake and there is a curse on Klaus, as he is a vampire born in a werewolf bloodline. There is a ritual that involves killing a vampire and a werewolf and a Petrova doppelganger, that will unearth the werewolf side of Klaus making him a hybrid. Elena realizes that the real",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2817171",
"chunk_text": "\"Sanctuary (season 2)\"\ncast. The season starts six weeks after the conclusion of the first season, where the protagonists work to defeat the antagonistic Cabal from destroying the Sanctuary Network, but in the process Ashley Magnus (Ullerup), daughter of Sanctuary leader Helen Magnus (Tapping), dies. Later episodes involve a story arc on Big Bertha, the most dangerous abnormal on Earth. The second season included a writing team, where as in the first there were only two writers; series creator Damian Kindler, and Sam Egan; however Egan left the series after the end of the first season. The producers wanted to expand on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3111657",
"chunk_text": "\"Elena Gilbert\"\nhear her voice message and will love her forever. In the epilogue, Elena continued to study at medical school. After finishing her education, she went back to Mystic Falls and lived together with Damon, happily married for a long time. After living out her life, she crosses over to the afterlife where she finally reunites with her parents, Aunt Jenna and Uncle John. The second-last episode of \"\"The Originals\"\", 'The Tale of Two Wolves', features Elijah and Hope Mikaelson visiting Mystic Falls, and the window of a doctor's office reads 'Elena Salvatore, M.D.', showing that Elena got her own medical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9483716",
"chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: Season Two\"\nthe museum is attacked by walkers. The observation deck collapses and causes Sarah (if saved from the trailer park) to fall and get devoured. Rebecca eventually gives birth to a boy later named AJ, while Jane leaves the group. As the group heads north towards Wellington, they encounter Arvo and are trapped by other Russian survivors. As Rebecca succumbs to exhaustion and begins to reanimate, either Clementine or Kenny kills her to protect AJ. This triggers a gunfight, during which Jane returns. Arvo, the sole Russian survivor, is left alive on the promise of supplies. He directs the group to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4368698",
"chunk_text": "\"Blake Carrington\"\nabout Blake's ruthless side, especially in business. Blake forces himself on Krystle when she is reluctant to have sex with him. Blake struggles with his daughter Fallon's promiscuity and his son Steven's homosexuality. He catches his son in an embrace with another man, and in a fit of anger pushes them apart. Steven's lover falls, hits his head, and dies. Blake is arrested and charged with murder. In the season finale, a mysterious witness enters the courtroom. Fallon identifies the woman as her mother. Mystery witness Alexis Carrington, Blake's ex-wife and Fallon and Steven's mother, testifies to Blake's violent temper.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21007008",
"chunk_text": "\"Ofelia Salazar\"\nRanch community and the Black Hat Reservation Native Americans, Ofelia is bitten by a walker while attempting to clear an air vent. Ofelia manages to save the survivors by causing an explosion to draw the walkers away, but shortly afterwards begins to succumb to her walker bite. She dies of the bite shortly before Madison can reunite Ofelia with her father and Daniel is forced to shoot his own daughter to prevent her from turning, devastating him. Mason received positive reviews for her portrayal. Ofelia's death in the season 3 episode \"\"El Matadero\"\" received criticism, UPROXX said; \"\"It wasn't cruel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14132777",
"chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nkill them all (see \"\"Mythology\"\" section), the Salavatore brothers use Bonnie's magic and a dark spell to stop Klaus' heart, which \"\"desiccates\"\" him and leaves him immobile and starved of blood, and thus in a seemingly \"\"dead\"\" state. A similar spell was performed on Klaus's step-father, Mikael, by Bonnie's mother, Abby Bennett. In the season three finale episode \"\"The Departed\"\", Klaus is staked in his coffin by the vampire form of Alaric Saltzman and subsequently, his body burns to ashes, (see \"\"Mythology\"\" section). However, Klaus lives on by switching bodies with Tyler Lockwood, through a spell which Bonnie Bennett performs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20682686",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Manawa\"\nmorning, Chris is seen looking at his dead mother's corpse. He kisses her on the forehead and covers up the rest of her body. Chris goes fishing with Daniel, they empathize due to their loss. At Liza's funeral after Travis' speech on Chris being the best thing he and Liza did, Chris slowly walks over and angrily throws Liza overboard. The second-season episode \"\"Wrath\"\" features the death of Chris Manawa. In a joint-episode review along with the second-season finale, Matt Fowler of IGN gave \"\"Wrath\"\" and \"\"North\"\" an 8.5/10.0 rating together, the highest rating of the season, stating; \"\"Fear the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20875306",
"chunk_text": "\"A.J. Weston\"\ngive him some final words. Weston tells him to never talk to the cops and sends him away, willing to allow himself to be killed if his son never sees his corpse. Jax Teller nods in agreement and AJ Weston calmly sits on a toilet, bowing his head. Jax shoots him six times with a silenced pistol, killing him. IGN gave the second season an 8.4/10.0 rating, giving praise to Henry Rollins character, AJ Weston, saying, \"\"A decidedly stronger second season sees the gang unravel and knit back together.\"\" His death was voted #2 on IGN's Best Deaths: Sons of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8561100",
"chunk_text": "\"Supernatural (season 2)\"\nepisode, \"\"All Hell Breaks Loose, Part One\"\". And though at first reluctant because of his role on \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", Jeffrey Dean Morgan returned as John Winchester in the season premiere and finale. However, the character dies in the premiere because the writers worried that having him separated from his sons again—Sam and Dean spend much of the first season tracking him down—would \"\"split the show\"\" by having him away \"\"doing more interesting things than the boys are doing\"\". As a demon, the villain Azazel periodically switches hosts, and was first fully portrayed by Morgan in the first-season finale. The reins",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20130169",
"chunk_text": "\"Kristina Davis\"\nlets Sonny spend time with Kristina, hoping to help her heal. Kristina is dating her classmate, Kiefer Bauer, but he's both emotionally and physically abusive towards her. The abuse eventually lands Kristina in the hospital. Kristina initially lies, and claims that Ethan Lovett attacked her, afraid that Sonny will kill Kiefer. Her lie is exposed when Kiefer beats her again. Kiefer dies when Alexis runs him over while taking Kristina to the hospital. Kristina blames herself for Kiefer's death. Alexis is not charged, and Kiefer's father, Warren, is furious. He tries to get Kristina to accuse Ethan again so Alexis",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8200065",
"chunk_text": "\"The Originals (TV series)\"\nmore about their own family past. The first season describes how Klaus's mystical child is going to be born and speaks of the threats that the Originals together must keep her safe from. The second season deals with the return of Klaus and his siblings' parents, and the arrival of an aunt who threatens the baby's life. The third season shows the Mikaelsons facing both a prophecy that speaks of their downfall, and the first-sired vampires who have wanted revenge for a millennium. The fourth season jumps ahead five years, with the Mikaelsons returning to New Orleans and having to",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "20232341",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\nThe Vampire Diaries (season 2) The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires. Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7378611",
"chunk_text": "\"Insidious: Chapter 2\"\nto destroy Michelle's spirit, which stops the possessed Josh from murdering his family in the real world. Parker's ghost disappears. Carl and Josh escape, only to find Dalton, who leads them back to the living world, allowing Josh to finally regain control of his body. The Lambert family is finally reunited, with Josh and Dalton allowing themselves to once again have their memories suppressed by Carl. Some time later, Specs and Tucker arrive at the house of a family whose daughter, Allison, is in an unexplained coma. Unbeknownst to them, Elise's spirit enters. She hears a crackling sound and gasps",
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},
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"chunk_id": "16530130",
"chunk_text": "\"Infamous 2\"\nBeast, Cole rampages through New Marais, killing Laroche and what remains of the Militia. He eventually catches up with his former friends, killing them and destroying the RFI. The Beast, weary from overusing his power, dies shortly after tasking Cole and Kuo with finishing his plan and transferring his powers over to the former. Fully embracing his role as the new Beast, Cole prepares to build a new world for the Conduits. Gaming journals reported the likelihood of a sequel to \"\"Infamous\"\" due to a Twitter post made by actor David Sullivan reporting on auditioning for the role of Cole",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "16530129",
"chunk_text": "\"Infamous 2\"\nsacrifices herself as well, injuring the Beast and leaving Cole with just enough time to finish the process. Activating the device, Cole kills himself, Kuo, the Beast, and thousands of other Conduits, even those who had not yet developed their powers. In honor of Cole's heroism, he is given the posthumous title of \"\"Patron Saint of New Marais\"\". As Zeke takes his coffin out to sea for burial, a lightning bolt strikes in the distance. In the second ending, Cole sides with White, causing Nix and Zeke to turn against him and steal the RFI. Together with Kuo and the",
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},
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"chunk_id": "9483707",
"chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: Season Two\"\nsurvive the walkers thanks to the help of Lee Everett (Dave Fennoy). At the start of the apocalypse, Lee helps to protect Clementine and offers to help her find her parents who had gone to Savannah; they join several survivors in their journey. When Clementine is captured, a bitten Lee rescues her, but both realize her parents have become walkers. She is forced to choose between shooting him or leaving him to reanimate, before venturing off on her own. The second season features several new characters, as well as others returning from the first season. Clementine initially accompanies Omid (Owen",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19618760",
"chunk_text": "\"Jenny Calendar\"\nthe Kalderash, a member of the Romani group that cursed Angel. In response to an elder's visions that Angel is suffering less due to his growing romance with Buffy, Jenny is instructed to impede their relationship. As a result of events during the second season storylines, Angel loses his soul and becomes evil, reverting to his former ways of torturing and killing, eventually making Jenny his victim. Among the main cast, she is the series' first recurring character to die, and the manner of her death is noted for its disturbing effect on audiences. \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\" was first",
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},
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"chunk_id": "6490644",
"chunk_text": "\"Characters of Carnivàle\"\nhad found them alone in the wilderness. Late in the first season, Norman grows suspicious of Brother Justin's inner motivations. He confronts his foster son but does not carry out Brother Justin's plea to kill him. At the beginning of season 2, Norman suffers a stroke leaving him unable to move or speak. He remains in the care of Brother Justin and Iris until the carnival sets up near Brother Justin's home at the end of the series. Ben heals Norman, but the reverend is fatally lacerated by Brother Justin seconds later. Varlyn Stroud is a convict. His original biography",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19794333",
"chunk_text": "\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 2)\"\nBuffy's brief death in the season one finale. Xander becomes involved with Cordelia, while Willow becomes involved with witchcraft and Daniel \"\"Oz\"\" Osbourne, who becomes a werewolf after being bitten by a young cousin who just happens to be a werewolf. Buffy and the vampire Angel develop a relationship over the course of the season, but Angel's dark past as the evil and sadistic Angelus threatens to destroy Buffy and the world. The emotional stakes are raised in season two as Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar) returns from a summer in Los Angeles after her death at the end of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16589295",
"chunk_text": "\"Grave Encounters 2\"\nwhere they discover a Ouija board. Using it to communicate with spirits, they realize that their online contact is not a person, but a paranormal entity, which turns violent and forces the group to flee. Alex decides the group should leave but not until they gather all the cameras. The group unsuccessfully tries to escape, resulting in the deaths of Jared (violently hurled out of the room with the cursed window and falls to his death) and Tessa (spinal cord severed). The survivors also witness the death of the asylum's security guard by electrocution. Fleeing from one of the spirits,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "18620855",
"chunk_text": "\"How to Get Away with Murder (season 2)\"\nMiddleton University, selects five students to intern at her firm: Wes Gibbins, Connor Walsh, Michaela Pratt, Asher Millstone, and Laurel Castillo—along with Annalise's employees Frank Delfino and Bonnie Winterbottom, an associate lawyer. The first nine episodes focuses on Annalise's case of Caleb and Catherine Hapstall, and their alleged involvement in the death of their adoptive parents. Wes in the meantime, teams up with Rebecca's foster brother to try and find Rebecca. Connor struggles with his relationship with Oliver, while Asher works with A.D.A. Emily Sinclair in order to protect his secrets. In the mid-season finale, Emily Sinclair is murdered, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4254872",
"chunk_text": "\"Toshiko Sato\"\nby confessing that she has always loved him. Owen flatlines, only to revive again permanently, existing in a state resembling undeath. In the episode \"\"Fragments\"\", the audience comes to understand how Toshiko came to work for Torchwood; Captain Jack rescued her from a UNIT detention centre where she was held after she was forced to build a sonic modulator for an unnamed terrorist organisation. In the show's second-season finale, \"\"Exit Wounds\"\", Toshiko is shot and killed by Gray (Lachlan Nieboer), Jack Harkness's unstable younger brother. She dies within minutes of Owen, having been unable to save him from his own",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9483717",
"chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead: Season Two\"\na home across a frozen lake, but the pursuit of walkers causes the ice to break. Luke and optionally Bonnie fall through and drown. After Kenny assaults Arvo, Jane pulls Clementine aside to warn her about Kenny's attitude. They find a truck and fix it, planning to flee the next morning. However, Clementine catches Arvo, Bonnie (if alive), and Mike attempting to escape from Kenny with the group's supplies. After being shot by Arvo, Clementine passes out and has a memory of Lee from their time of traveling towards Savannah in the caravan. Clementine recovers and awakens in the truck",
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},
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"chunk_id": "18588591",
"chunk_text": "\"24 (season 2)\"\nduties are being handled by his Vice President. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Season 2 marked the first of three uses of the show's Air Force One set. Xander Berkeley's character spent much of the season dying of radiation poisoning and various actors commented that they thought the story played out very well. Kiefer Sutherland became a producer for the second season. In an interview, he joked that \"\"Fox originally did not want to give me a raise so they gave me a title.\"\" In the same interview, Sutherland mentions that he tried suggesting a storyline detail which got rejected by the writers. One",
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"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3069515",
"chunk_text": "\"Dynasty (season 2)\"\nin season two. In June 2018, original cast member Nathalie Kelley, who portrayed Celia Machado Cristal Flores Carrington, told \"\"E! News\"\" that she would not be returning for season two. The CW announced in August 2018 that Ana Brenda Contreras had been cast as \"\"the real Cristal Flores\"\" for the second season. Maddison Brown was also cast as Anders' daughter, Kirby, and Sharon Lawrence portrayed the guest role of Liam's mother, Laura Van Kirk. Grant Show's wife Katherine LaNasa joined the cast in October 2018 in the recurring role of Ada Stone. In November 2018, The CW confirmed that James",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "11520638",
"chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nmoon curse and became a hybrid it is likely that margin was somewhat narrowed, given they faced each other twice after that and Klaus prevails in the first encounter and gains the upper hand in the second only to be thwarted in an attempt to save Camille. Klaus kills Mikael a second time in a surprise attempt to use his Viking ashes for a spell to defeat his Aunt Dahlia. Esther is the matriarch of the Mikaelson family. She is portrayed by a British actress Alice Evans in \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and was played by Natalie Dreyfuss in \"\"The Originals\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "17042828",
"chunk_text": "\"The Originals (season 1)\"\nprimarily on Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt) who found out in the backdoor pilot, aired on April 25, 2013, how Hayley Marshall (Phoebe Tonkin) was pregnant with Klaus' child. Having fled the city many years ago, they return to find Marcel (Charles Michael Davis) (Klaus' protégé) leading the city. The family decide to take back the city. The show also revolves around the relationship between them and other supernatural beings, including witches. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The first season received mixed reviews with 7.8 from IMDB The Originals (season 1) \"\"The Originals\"\" is an American supernatural drama television",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14132782",
"chunk_text": "\"Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)\"\non several occasions and rarely is outsmarted by the latter. According to Dahlia, Klaus is the most intelligent of his maternal half-siblings. Kol is the youngest surviving son of the Original Family, since the death of his younger brother Henrik and the second youngest child still living, being older than Rebekah. He is portrayed by Australian actor Nathaniel Buzolic and was played by British actor Daniel Sharman while possessing Kaleb's body. He tries to kill Matt Donovan for entertainment during the Originals' family ball, but is stopped by Damon Salvatore. In the season three episode, \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\", Kol appears",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8320839",
"chunk_text": "\"Emily Thorne\"\ncopied a hard drive in Conrad's evidence, which contains a video that reveals Emily's supposedly deceased mother to be alive. In the second season premiere, the \"\"Amanda\"\" (Jack Porter's boat) is shown as having sunk, with at least one casualty. Three months earlier, Emily returns to the Hamptons after a long absence and begins to investigate what happened to her mother, Kara Wallace Clarke. At a Memorial Day party, Charlotte tells Emily that Victoria is alive and in hiding before she is taken back to rehab at Conrad's doing. After Emily visits Victoria, she contracts the white-haired man to kill",
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},
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"chunk_id": "15852586",
"chunk_text": "\"Epitaph Two: Return\"\nin the show have been left open. As in \"\"Epitaph One\"\", the fate of Whiskey (Amy Acker) was left open in the final scenes. In this episode, there is no mention of her by Alpha after he has taken over the Dollhouse. It is unknown whether she too succumbed to the gas at \"\"Epitaph One\"\"'s end, whether she was eventually killed by butchers or imprinted again and released into the world by Alpha. Alpha's fate has also been left open. Before Topher's explosive goes off, Alpha decides to leave the Dollhouse, as he is afraid that those who stay in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9069041",
"chunk_text": "\"The Originals (TV series)\"\nfrom \"\"The Vampire Diaries,\"\" centers around three of the Mikaelson siblings: Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt). The Mikaelson family is called \"\"the Originals\"\" as they are the first vampires to ever exist. Niklaus \"\"Klaus\"\" Mikaelson is a descendant of a witch and a werewolf, and his quest to unleash his hybrid nature was detailed in \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\". The backdoor pilot, which aired on April 25, 2013, also revealed that the werewolf Hayley (Phoebe Tonkin) is pregnant with Klaus's child. The series begins with the Original siblings returning to the city of New Orleans for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19897567",
"chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 2)\"\ncurse is on Klaus, who therefore wants to kill her. But Elijah says he has an elixir that can save Elena from dying. Elena believes Elijah, but Damon says that there is another way to save her life and feeds her his blood. Stefan tries to stop him, but he stabs in the chest with the wooden dagger. Elena then cries that she will be a vampire against her will. Maddox kidnaps Tyler and Caroline. Damon frees them and is bitten. Then he goes to Klaus to tell him that he does not have a werewolf and witch, as he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_805
|
when did beryl markham fly across the atlantic?
|
n/a
|
[
"September 1936",
"4 September 1936"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "4210523",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nfuel starvation due to icing of the fuel tank vents, and she crash-landed at Baleine Cove on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. She became the first person to make it from England to North America non-stop from east to west. She was celebrated as an aviation pioneer. Markham chronicled her many adventures in her memoir, \"\"West with the Night\"\", published in 1942. Despite strong reviews in the press, the book sold modestly, and then quickly went out of print. After living for many years in the United States, Markham moved back to Kenya in 1952, becoming for a time",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "6411360",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nspotting game animals from the air and signaling their locations to safaris on the ground. She also mingled with the notorious Happy Valley set. Markham is best known for her solo flight across the Atlantic, from east to west. When Markham decided to take on the Atlantic crossing, no female pilot had yet flown non-stop from Europe to New York, and no woman had made the westward flight solo, though several had died trying. Markham hoped to claim both records. On 4 September 1936, she took off from Abingdon, England. After a 20-hour flight, her Vega Gull, \"\"The Messenger\"\", suffered",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "6411356",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nBeryl Markham Beryl Markham (née Clutterbuck; 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a British-born Kenyan aviator (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first person to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlantic from east to west. She wrote about her adventures in her memoir, \"\"West with the Night\"\". Markham was born in the village of Ashwell, in the county of Rutland, England, the daughter of Charles Baldwin Clutterbuck, an accomplished horse trainer, and Clara Agnes (\"\"née\"\" Alexander) Clutterbuck (1878–1952). She had an older brother, Richard Alexander \"\"Dickie\"\" Clutterbuck (1900–1927). When she",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4210529",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nafter her. Beryl Markham Beryl Markham (née Clutterbuck; 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a British-born Kenyan aviator (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first person to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlantic from east to west. She wrote about her adventures in her memoir, \"\"West with the Night\"\". Markham was born in the village of Ashwell, in the county of Rutland, England, the daughter of Charles Baldwin Clutterbuck, an accomplished horse trainer, and Clara Agnes (\"\"née\"\" Alexander) Clutterbuck (1878–1952). She had an older brother, Richard Alexander \"\"Dickie\"\" Clutterbuck (1900–1927).",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17510312",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Campbell Black\"\nin the mid-1930s was converted into one of the country's most exclusive sporting country clubs. Campbell Black also had a long-term affair with Beryl Markham, an aviator who lived in Kenya who had been introduced to aviation by Campbell Black. He subsequently became her flight instructor, which Markham describes in her memoir \"\"West with the Night\"\". In September 1936, Beryl Markham achieved fame by being the first solo female aviator to fly the Atlantic Ocean from East to West (from England to America), against the prevailing winds. In the same year, Tom Black had entered in an air race from",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3558466",
"chunk_text": "\"Baleine, Nova Scotia\"\nBaleine, Nova Scotia Baleine (formerly Port aux Baleines) is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island. The community is perhaps best known as the landing site for pilot Beryl Markham's record flight across the Atlantic Ocean (See Memorial Plaque to Record Flight). During the Anglo-French War (1627–1629), under Charles I, by 1629 the Kirkes took Quebec City. On 1 July 1629 70 Scots under the leadership of Sir James Stewart, 4th Lord Ochiltree of Killeith, landed at Baleine Cape Breton Island, probably encouraged by Sir Robert Gordon",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6411358",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nknown for its colourful eccentrics. She was married three times, taking the name Markham from her second husband, the wealthy Mansfield Markham, with whom she had a son, Gervase. She had a public affair in 1929 with Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the son of King George V, but the Windsors allegedly cut the romance short. She also had an affair with Hubert Broad, who was later named by Mansfield Markham as a co-respondent in his 1937 divorce from Beryl. After her Atlantic crossing, she returned to be with Broad, who was also a great influence in her flying career.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4789871",
"chunk_text": "\"West with the Night\"\nwest in a solo non-stop flight (a westbound flight requires more endurance, fuel, and time than the eastward journey, because the craft must travel against the prevailing Atlantic winds). When Markham decided to take on the Atlantic crossing, no pilot had yet flown non-stop from Europe to New York, and no woman had made the westward flight solo, though several had died trying. Markham hoped to claim both records. On 4 September 1936, she took off from Abingdon, England. After a 20-hour flight, her Vega Gull, \"\"The Messenger\"\", suffered fuel starvation due to icing of the fuel tank vents, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8185272",
"chunk_text": "\"Percival Vega Gull\"\nII examples were fitted with a curved windscreen (the earlier examples had a multi-faceted windscreen of flat panels) similar in appearance to the early marks of the Proctor. A Vega Gull named \"\"Messenger\"\" was used by Beryl Markham on her transatlantic flight 4–5 September 1936, the first solo east-to-west crossing by a woman. Two early production Vega Gulls were entered into the Schlesinger Race from England to Johannesburg, South Africa. C.W.A. Scott and Giles Guthrie flying Vega Gull \"\"G-AEKE\"\" was the only finisher landing at Rand Airport on 1 October 1936. The aircraft had left Portsmouth 52 hours 56 minutes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19763392",
"chunk_text": "\"Arlene Davis\"\nreceive the Veteran's Pilot Award, and the first woman to be honored with the Elder Statesman of Aviation Award. Davis died of cancer in 1964. Davis was married to Max T. Davis, president of a Cleveland, Ohio, packing company. Arlene Davis Alma Arlene Davis (ca. 1910 – 1964) was an American aviator and air racer who was the first private pilot to receive an instrument rating and the first to fly a private plane across the North and South Atlantic oceans in a single trip. Alma Arlene Davis started out studying art in Chicago, Illinois, and Cleveland, Ohio. She became",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3320527",
"chunk_text": "\"West with the Night\"\nshe crash-landed at Baleine Cove on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. Markham had become the first woman to cross the Atlantic east-to-west solo, and the first person to make it from England to North America non-stop from east to west. She was celebrated as an aviation pioneer. West with the Night West with the Night is a 1942 memoir by Beryl Markham, chronicling her experiences growing up in Kenya (then British East Africa) in the early 1900s, leading to celebrated careers as a racehorse trainer and bush pilot there. It is considered a classic of outdoor literature and was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6411359",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nShe befriended the Danish writer Karen Blixen during the years that Baroness Blixen was managing her family's coffee farm in the Ngong hills outside Nairobi. When Blixen's romantic connection with the hunter and pilot Denys Finch Hatton was winding down, Markham started her own affair with him. He invited her to tour game lands on what turned out to be his fatal flight, but Markham supposedly declined because of a premonition of her flight instructor, British pilot Tom Campbell Black. Inspired and coached by Tom Campbell Black, Beryl learned to fly. She worked for some time as a bush pilot,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3054394",
"chunk_text": "\"Mansfield Markham\"\nto grant Beryl a small annual income, to help her to travel and so enable the affair to cool off. After Beryl's successful Atlantic crossing, she began a new affair with Hubert Broad, and Markham filed for divorce. It was Broad who was named in the divorce proceedings. Beryl eventually returned to Africa and, in 1942, her book \"\"West with the Night\"\" was published. The couple's son was brought up by Markham's mother, Lady Markham. Markham went into the movie business, and directed eight films in the early 1930s, including 1933's The Return of Raffles. After his mother's death in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2771885",
"chunk_text": "Lituanica\nofficial national mourning. A few months after the \"\"Lituanica\"\" tragedy, some prominent members of the Chicago Lithuanian community discussed the possibility of financing another transatlantic flight. This idea was greeted with much enthusiasm, and enough funds were raised during the Great Depression. A faster and more modern Lockheed Vega was purchased from the Lockheed Aircraft Corp., the same model used by Wiley Post in his round-the-world flight, and by Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. The aircraft was christened \"\"Lituanica II\"\" on Sunday, April 22, 1934. When the pilot originally chosen for the flight unexpectedly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19763389",
"chunk_text": "\"Arlene Davis\"\nArlene Davis Alma Arlene Davis (ca. 1910 – 1964) was an American aviator and air racer who was the first private pilot to receive an instrument rating and the first to fly a private plane across the North and South Atlantic oceans in a single trip. Alma Arlene Davis started out studying art in Chicago, Illinois, and Cleveland, Ohio. She became interested in flying when her husband bought a plane and earned her pilot's license in 1931. She later became the first private pilot to receive an instrument rating and the first woman to earn her 4M qualification for piloting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16676535",
"chunk_text": "\"Amelia Earhart\"\nAmelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart (, born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She received the United States Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots. In 1935, Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students. She was also a member",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11111502",
"chunk_text": "\"Transatlantic flight\"\nand Cabral flew from Lisbon, Portugal, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using Fairey III biplanes, and they covered a distance of 8,383 kilometres (5,209 mi) between 30 March and 17 June. The first night-time crossing of the Atlantic was accomplished during 16–17 April 1927 by the Portuguese aviators Sarmento de Beires, Jorge de Castilho and Manuel Gouveia, flying from the Bijagós Archipelago, Portuguese Guinea, to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil in the \"\"Argos\"\", a Dornier Wal flying boat. In the early morning of Friday, 20 May 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field, Mineola, New York, on his successful attempt",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8777851",
"chunk_text": "\"Lockheed Vega\"\nreclaim the aircraft were ignored, and it was destroyed in October 1945. It was the only Vega to operate in Australia. Lockheed Vega The Lockheed Vega is an American six-passenger high-wing monoplane airliner built by the Lockheed Corporation starting in 1927. It became famous for its use by a number of record-breaking pilots who were attracted to the rugged and very long-range design. Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly the Atlantic solo in one, and Wiley Post used his to prove the existence of the jet stream after having flown around the world twice. Designed by John Knudsen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2163654",
"chunk_text": "\"Louise Sacchi\"\nand was the first woman to win the prestigious Godfrey L. Cabot Award for distinguished service to aviation. Louise Sacchi Louise Sacchi (April 15, 1913 – March 22, 1997) was an aviator and author who flew numerous times across the world's oceans, often solo, ferrying single and multi-engine planes. As the first international woman ferry pilot, she piloted planes across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 340 times, more than any other non-airline pilot. On June 28, 1971, she set a speed record by flying a single-engine land plane from New York to London in 17 hours and 10 minutes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20856721",
"chunk_text": "\"Leslie Hamilton\"\n(A replica of G-EBED can be seen at Brooklands Museum.) Hamilton was then involved in an attempt to make the first flight across the Atlantic from east to west, flying from England to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Princess Lowenstein-Wertheim, a widowed aircraft enthusiast, provided the finance and the aircraft, a Fokker F.VIIa (G-EBTQ) fitted with a 500 hp Bristol Jupiter engine, and named \"\"St. Raphael\"\". The aircraft, flown by Hamilton and Frederick F. Minchin from Imperial Airways, with Princess Lowenstein-Wertheim as passenger, took off from Upavon Aerodrome, Wiltshire, on 31 August 1927 at 7.15 a.m. They flew along the south coast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "597532",
"chunk_text": "\"Louise Sacchi\"\nLouise Sacchi Louise Sacchi (April 15, 1913 – March 22, 1997) was an aviator and author who flew numerous times across the world's oceans, often solo, ferrying single and multi-engine planes. As the first international woman ferry pilot, she piloted planes across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans over 340 times, more than any other non-airline pilot. On June 28, 1971, she set a speed record by flying a single-engine land plane from New York to London in 17 hours and 10 minutes, a record that still stands today. She won numerous awards in her career, which spanned over 40 years,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14894126",
"chunk_text": "\"Frederick F. Minchin\"\nthree occasions. In 1923, Minchin joined one of the first British commercial airlines, Instone Air Line, operating from Croydon Aerodrome near London. On 31 August 1927, Lieutenant-Colonel Minchin, Captain Leslie Hamilton and Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg took off from Upavon airfield in a Dutch Fokker F.VIIA named the \"\"St. Raphael\"\" in a bid to become the first aviators to cross the Atlantic from east to west. The \"\"St. Raphael\"\" was last sighted some 800 miles west of Galway heading for Newfoundland. The \"\"St Raphael\"\" was never seen again, and the fate of Lieutenant Colonel Minchin, Captain Leslie Hamilton and Princess",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9858617",
"chunk_text": "\"Clarence Chamberlin\"\nof Fame. The Clarence D. Chamberlin House is on the National Register of Historic Places. Clarence Chamberlin Clarence Duncan Chamberlin (November 11, 1893 – October 31, 1976) was an American pioneer of aviation, being the second man to pilot a fixed-wing aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York to the European mainland, while carrying the first transatlantic passenger. Clarence Duncan Chamberlin was born on November 11, 1893, in the small town of Denison, Iowa, to Elzie Clarence and Jessie Duncan Chamberlin. Elzie, or \"\"EC\"\" as he was known around Denison, was the local jeweler and the owner of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4706135",
"chunk_text": "\"Richarda Morrow-Tait\"\nRicharda Morrow-Tait Richarda Morrow-Tait (22 November 1923 – 17 December 1982) was the first woman pilot to fly around the world, accomplishing the feat after a number of mishaps in a year and a day. Morrow-Tait began taking flying lessons in January 1946. On 18 August 1948, the then 24-year-old left behind her aeronautical engineer husband Norman and their 18-month-old daughter Anna, and took off from Croydon, England, in a single-engine Percival Proctor IV \"\"G-AJMU\"\", with 25-year-old Cambridge University graduate student Michael Townsend as navigator. She named the aircraft \"\"Thursday's Child\"\" (who \"\"has far to go\"\" in the nursery rhyme",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11203157",
"chunk_text": "\"Harbour Grace Airport\"\nHarbour Grace Airport Harbour Grace Airport , is west of Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. On 20 May 1932 Amelia Earhart set off from Harbour Grace and, after a flight lasting 14 hours 56 minutes, landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland to become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Over the previous five years, most transatlantic flights had included a stop at Harbour Grace. Wiley Post, who with Harold Gatty as navigator made the first circumnavigation of the globe by airplane (eight days) in 1931, wrote: \"\"The crazy flyers who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15022787",
"chunk_text": "\"Avro Avian\"\nacross the Tasman Sea. A single Genet-powered Avian II was bought by the Royal Air Force, while Avians were also bought by the South African Air Force, the Chinese Naval Air Service, the Estonian Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force. Famed aviator Beryl Markham used an Avian extensively in East Africa in the 1930s. Avro Avian The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and 1930s. While the various versions of the Avian were sound aircraft, they were comprehensively outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its descendants.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7177958",
"chunk_text": "\"The Schlesinger African Air Race\"\nwhich was also taxiing on the runway. Black's fuselage was almost cut in two when the Hart's propeller cut into it, mortally injuring Black, who died in the ambulance in the way to hospital. Two aircraft, Miles Peregrine and M. Chand's Percival Vega Gull were not ready, while John E. Carberry's Vega Gull was damaged when Beryl Markham landed in a peat bog at Balleine Cove, Cape Breton Island, after flying it across the Atlantic Ocean, 4–5 September. The race began at Portsmouth aerodrome at 6.15 a.m. on Tuesday, 29 September. The winners of the race were C. W. A.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1185398",
"chunk_text": "\"Clarence Chamberlin\"\nClarence Chamberlin Clarence Duncan Chamberlin (November 11, 1893 – October 31, 1976) was an American pioneer of aviation, being the second man to pilot a fixed-wing aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York to the European mainland, while carrying the first transatlantic passenger. Clarence Duncan Chamberlin was born on November 11, 1893, in the small town of Denison, Iowa, to Elzie Clarence and Jessie Duncan Chamberlin. Elzie, or \"\"EC\"\" as he was known around Denison, was the local jeweler and the owner of the first automobile in Denison. This automobile was notorious throughout Crawford County for the racket it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9431282",
"chunk_text": "\"Sikorsky S-36\"\nfacing bench seats. Only six aircraft were built. One aircraft named \"\"Dawn\"\" was sold to Mrs. Francis Grayson, a wealthy divorcee, for an attempt to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic. As a passenger in \"\"Dawn\"\" and after two false starts, Grayson, with Brice Herbert Goldsborough (navigator), Oskar Omdal and Fred Koehler (passenger) departed in the aircraft for the Atlantic attempt on 23 December 1927 but was not seen again. The weather was poor. The aircraft passed Cape Cod at 8 am, headed for Harbour Grace, Newfoundland. The last message from the aircraft before it disappeared was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5547513",
"chunk_text": "\"Artur de Sacadura Cabral\"\nArtur de Sacadura Cabral Artur de Sacadura Freire Cabral, GCTE (23 May 1881 – 15 November 1924), known simply as Sacadura Cabral (), was a Portuguese aviation pioneer. He, together with fellow aviator Gago Coutinho, conducted the first flight across the South Atlantic Ocean in 1922, and also the first using only astronomical navigation, from Lisbon, Portugal, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On 15 November 1924, he disappeared while flying over the English Channel, along with his co-pilot, Mechanical Corporal José Correia, due to fog and his shortening eyesight (which never kept him from flying). Although some mechanical wreckage from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16102835",
"chunk_text": "\"History of aviation\"\ndevelopment forwards. For example, on June 14, 1919, Captain John Alcock and Lieutenant Arthur Brown co-piloted a Vickers Vimy non-stop from St. John's, Newfoundland to Clifden, Ireland, winning the £13,000 ($65,000) Northcliffe prize. The first flight across the South Atlantic and the first aerial crossing using astronomical navigation, was made by the naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in 1922, from Lisbon, Portugal, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with only internal means of navigation, in an aircraft specifically fitted for himself with an artificial horizon for aeronautical use, an invention that revolutionized air navigation at the time (Gago Coutinho",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13416105",
"chunk_text": "\"Lockheed Vega\"\nLockheed Vega The Lockheed Vega is an American six-passenger high-wing monoplane airliner built by the Lockheed Corporation starting in 1927. It became famous for its use by a number of record-breaking pilots who were attracted to the rugged and very long-range design. Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly the Atlantic solo in one, and Wiley Post used his to prove the existence of the jet stream after having flown around the world twice. Designed by John Knudsen Northrop and Gerald Vultee, both of whom would later form their own companies, the aircraft was originally intended to serve with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1447308",
"chunk_text": "\"Charles A. Levine\"\nCharles A. Levine Charles Albert Levine (March 17, 1897 – December 6, 1991) was the first passenger aboard a transatlantic flight. He was ready to cross the Atlantic to claim the Orteig prize but a court battle over who was going to be in the airplane allowed Charles Lindbergh to leave first. Levine was born on March 17, 1897, in North Adams, Massachusetts. He joined his father in selling scrap metal, later forming his own company buying and recycling World War I surplus brass shell casings. By 1927, at age 30, he was a millionaire. Levine and Giuseppe Mario Bellanca",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20856714",
"chunk_text": "\"Leslie Hamilton\"\nLeslie Hamilton Flying Officer Leslie Hamilton , was a British First World War flying ace credited with six aerial victories. He disappeared while attempting the first non-stop east-west flight across the Atlantic Ocean. His Fokker F.VIIa, named \"\"St. Raphael\"\", was last seen over the mid-Atlantic by oil tanker SS \"\"Josiah Macy\"\". Hamilton was commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers as a second lieutenant on 12 June 1916. He was promoted to lieutenant on 12 December 1917, and having transferred to the Royal Flying Corps to train as a pilot, was appointed a flying officer on 17 January 1918. Hamilton",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17668641",
"chunk_text": "\"Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg\"\nChannel was begun. After an all-night search, the aircraft was found near Pontoise, a northwest suburb of Paris, where it had been forced down due to engine trouble. Throughout her 13 years of flight, Anne achieved several aviation records in her own right. In 1927, Anne financed Captain Leslie Hamilton's attempt to set an aviation record by being the first aviator to fly over the Atlantic Ocean from east to west from England to Canada. Against her relatives' protests, including those of her brother John Horace Savile, 5th Earl of Mexborough, she decided to join Hamilton's expedition as a passenger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7041687",
"chunk_text": "\"Handley Page V/1500\"\nconsumed by termites. The Handley Page V/1500 aircraft \"\"Atlantic\"\" was shipped to Newfoundland in early 1919 to attempt the first non-stop Transatlantic flight. However, the prize was won by Alcock and Brown in a Vickers Vimy in June 1919. The crew departed for New York City but was forced to land in Parrsboro, Nova Scotia on 5 July 1919 where it was repaired over the course of the summer. The \"\"Atlantic\"\" continued to New York on 9 October 1919 carrying with it the first airmail from Canada to the United States. Final production of the V/1500 totalled 60 aircraft. They",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "921621",
"chunk_text": "\"Joseph Le Brix\"\nJoseph Le Brix Joseph Le Brix (22 February 1899 - 12 September 1931) was a French aviator and a \"\"capitaine de corvette\"\" (lieutenant commander) in the French Navy. He is best known for an around-the-world flight he made as copilot and navigator in 1927-1928 which included history's first flight across the South Atlantic Ocean, and for record-setting nonstop long-distance flights he made or attempted between 1929 and 1931. Le Brix was born on 22 February 1899 in Baden, Morbihan, in the Brittany region of northwestern France. Le Brix enrolled in the French naval academy, the \"\"École Navale\"\", in Brest on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19212966",
"chunk_text": "\"St. Raphael (aircraft)\"\nSt. Raphael (aircraft) The St. Raphael was a Fokker F.VIIa monoplane that was used in 1927 for a transatlantic flight from England to Canada in an attempt to be the first to cross from east to west. With the owner and financial backer Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg as a passenger, the aircraft departed RAF Upavon, Wiltshire, at 7:30 on 31 August 1927 with Frederick F. Minchin and Leslie Hamilton as flight crew. The \"\"St. Raphael\"\"s last confirmed sighting was west of Ireland, approximately 1200 miles from Upavon at 21:44 by the SS \"\"Josiah Macy\"\"; Around 6 a.m the next morning",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3675623",
"chunk_text": "\"Mrs Victor Bruce\"\nfor days, but she flew on to India, Burma, Siam (Thailand), and French Indo-China (Vietnam). Torrential monsoon rains forced a landing in a jungle clearing beside the Mekong River; she contracted malaria and her flight was further delayed. She flew on to Hanoi, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Seoul, making the first flight across the Yellow Sea. On 24 November 1930, having covered in 25 flying days, she reached Tokyo. She crossed the Pacific aboard the to Vancouver. Her flight across North America was not without incident: a crash landing in Medford, Oregon, caused another week's delay. She reached her announced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12882534",
"chunk_text": "\"Feliksas Vaitkus\"\nin Kohler, Wisconsin. A few months after the \"\"Lituanica\"\" tragedy, some prominent members of the Chicago Lithuanian community discussed the possibility of financing another transatlantic flight. This idea was greeted with much enthusiasm, and enough funds were raised during this difficult period, the Great Depression. A much faster and more modern aircraft (compared to the original \"\"Lituanica\"\") was purchased from the Lockheed Aircraft Corp., called the Lockheed Vega, the same model used by Wiley Post in his round-the-world flight, and by Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. The aircraft was christened \"\"Lituanica II\"\" on Sunday,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13911201",
"chunk_text": "\"Transatlantic crossing\"\nAtlantic in the mid 20th century. In 1919, the American NC-4 became the first airplane to cross the Atlantic (but in multiple stages). Later that year, a British Vickers Vimy piloted by Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Newfoundland to Ireland. Also in 1919, the British were the first to cross the Atlantic in an airship when the R34 captained by Major George Herbert Scott of the Royal Air Force with his crew and passengers flew from East Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, Long Island, covering a distance of about in about four and a half days;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17699263",
"chunk_text": "Portmarnock\nworld. The first \"\"solo\"\" westbound transatlantic flight began from Portmarnock beach when Jim Mollison, a British pilot, took off in a de Havilland Puss Moth on 18 August 1932 bound for Pennfield Ridge, New Brunswick, Canada. The sculpture Eccentric Orbit (by Rachel Joynt and Remco de Fouw, erected 2002) on the seafront is of limestone, bronze and stainless steel. The needle points to the North Star, an age-old navigation point. The sculpture commemorates the epic flights of the \"\"Southern Cross\"\" (the second non-stop east–west North Atlantic flight, in 1930), the \"\"Heart's Content\"\" (the first east–west non-stop solo North Atlantic flight,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7312296",
"chunk_text": "\"Hubert Broad\"\npilot. He published a book in 1939 about flying – \"\"Flying wisdom; a book of practical experiences and their lessons\"\". In 1940 he returned to industry as chief production test pilot for Hawker Aircraft. He was responsible for test flying the Hawker single-seat fighter planes as they left the production line. He was appointed MBE in 1944 for his work as a Hawker test pilot. Captain Broad died in 1975 at home in Basingstoke; during his career, he completed 7,500 flying hours in 200 different types of aircraft. Broad appears to have had an affair with Beryl Markham, the first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5762191",
"chunk_text": "\"Felixstowe Fury\"\nabout the third week of May 1919, when flight tests resumed. The first Atlantic crossing by the Curtiss NC-4 starting 8 May, reached Lisbon 27 May 1919 arriving in Plymouth on the 31st to great fanfare as the first flight from North America (United States, Canada, and Newfoundland) to Great Britain and Ireland. The first non-stop Atlantic crossing by Alcock and Brown followed a few weeks later using a modified Vickers Vimy landing in Clifden, Ireland 15 June. Plans were then made for another long-distance flight, this time for the 8,000-mile (12,875 km) flight from England to Cape Town, South",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9921273",
"chunk_text": "\"Violet Milstead\"\nViolet Milstead Violet \"\"Vi\"\" Milstead Warren (October 17, 1919 – June 27, 2014) was a Canadian aviator, noted for being the first female Canadian bush pilot and one of only four Canadian woman to work in the British Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) during WWII. With over 600 hours of flight time during the war, she was the longest serving female Canadian ATA pilot. She worked as a flight instructor at Barker Field in Toronto, Ontario, and her students included commercial pilot Molly Reilly and author June Callwood. She is a member of the Canadian Aviation Hall of Fame, the Order",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14366969",
"chunk_text": "\"Steve Fossett\"\n2, 2005, Fossett and co-pilot Mark Rebholz recreated the first nonstop crossing of the Atlantic which was made by the British team of John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown in June 1919 in a Vickers Vimy biplane. Their flight from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada to Clifden, County Galway, Ireland in the open cockpit Vickers Vimy replica took 18 hours 25 minutes with 13 hours flown in instrument flight conditions. Because there was no airport in Clifden, Fossett and Rebholz landed on the 8th fairway of the Connemara Golf Links. The team of Steve Fossett and Terry Delore (NZ) set ten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5745805",
"chunk_text": "\"Nellie Bly\"\nNellie Bly Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman (May 5, 1864 – January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist who was widely known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days, in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and an exposé in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within. She was a pioneer in her field, and launched a new kind of investigative journalism. Bly was also a writer, industrialist, inventor, and a charity worker. At birth she was named Elizabeth Jane Cochran. She was born",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6411357",
"chunk_text": "\"Beryl Markham\"\nwas four years old, she moved with her father to Kenya, which was then colonial British East Africa. He built a horse racing farm in Njoro, near the Great Rift Valley between the Mau Escarpment and the Rongai Valley. Markham she spent an adventurous childhood learning, playing, and hunting with the local children. On her family's farm, she developed her knowledge of and love for horses, establishing herself as a trainer at the age of 17, after her father left for Peru. Adventurous, independent thinking, and beautiful, Markham was admired and described as a noted non-conformist, even in a colony",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17579334",
"chunk_text": "\"Clements Markham\"\nat the end of 1851. In the summer of 1852, freed from his naval obligations, Markham made plans for an extended visit to Peru. Supported by a gift from his father of £500 (more than £40,000 at 2008 values) to cover expenses, Markham sailed from Liverpool on . Markham travelled by a roundabout route, proceeding first to Halifax, Nova Scotia, then overland to Boston and New York, before taking a steamer to Panama. After crossing the isthmus he sailed for Callao, finally arriving there on . He set out for the Peruvian interior on 1852, heading across the Andes towards",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1096301",
"chunk_text": "\"Short Mayo Composite\"\nthe first transatlantic flight was made on 21 July 1938 from Foynes, on the Shannon Estuary, west coast of Ireland, to Boucherville, near Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a flight of 2,930 miles (4,714.4 km). \"\"Maia\"\", flown by Captain A.S. Wilcockson, took off from Southampton carrying \"\"Mercury\"\" piloted by Captain Don Bennett. As well as \"\"Mercury\"\", the launch aircraft \"\"Maia\"\" was also carrying 10 passengers and luggage. \"\"Mercury\"\" separated from her carrier at 8 pm to continue what was to become the first commercial non-stop East-to-West transatlantic flight by a heavier-than-air machine. This initial journey took 20 hrs 21 min at an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_806
|
who played john clark sr on nypd blue?
|
n/a
|
[
"Joe Spano"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8828140",
"chunk_text": "\"John Clark Jr.\"\nJohn Clark Jr. John Clark Jr. is a fictional character in the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". He was played by Mark-Paul Gosselaar for four years, from season 9 until the end of the series. Clark Jr. was partnered with the rough but friendly detective Andy Sipowicz after Sipowicz's previous partner, Danny Sorenson, was murdered in an undercover sting gone bad. Clark earned his detective badge after courageous action in an undercover operation. Sipowicz became a kind of mentor for the young detective, and much of the veteran detective's skill rubbed off on Clark. His father, Clark Sr., was a by-the-book",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8830243",
"chunk_text": "\"John Clark Jr.\"\nan interview conducted solely by Clark. Clark eventually became the 15th Squad's lead detective, partnering with Baldwin Jones, after Sipowicz was promoted to Sergeant at the series's conclusion. John Clark Jr. John Clark Jr. is a fictional character in the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". He was played by Mark-Paul Gosselaar for four years, from season 9 until the end of the series. Clark Jr. was partnered with the rough but friendly detective Andy Sipowicz after Sipowicz's previous partner, Danny Sorenson, was murdered in an undercover sting gone bad. Clark earned his detective badge after courageous action in an undercover operation.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9967146",
"chunk_text": "\"David Caruso\"\nDavid Caruso David Stephen Caruso (born January 7, 1956) is an American actor and producer, best known for his roles as Detective John Kelly on the ABC crime drama \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", and Lieutenant Horatio Caine on the CBS series \"\"\"\". He also appeared in the films \"\"An Officer and a Gentleman\"\", \"\"First Blood\"\" (both 1982), \"\"Twins\"\" (1988), \"\"Kiss of Death\"\" (1995) and \"\"Proof of Life\"\" (2000). Caruso was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York, the son of Joan, a librarian, and Charles Caruso, a magazine and newspaper editor. He is of Irish and Italian descent. His father left when",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Brochtrup\"\nBill Brochtrup William \"\"Bill\"\" Brochtrup Jr. (born March 7, 1963) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He is known for his role playing PAA John Irvin, a gay police public assistant, on the ABC television drama \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Born William Brochtrup Jr. in 1963 in California, U.S., Bill Brochtrup was raised in Tacoma, Washington and graduated from New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts in 1985. After NYU, he moved to Los Angeles, California to pursue an acting career. He was billed as \"\"William Brochtrup\"\" in some of his earliest roles in the 1980s. Theatre credits",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Brochtrup\"\n\"\"adverse effect\"\" on his career, even with potential typecasting. In 2012, Brochtrup said that he has not regretted coming out back then. Bill Brochtrup William \"\"Bill\"\" Brochtrup Jr. (born March 7, 1963) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He is known for his role playing PAA John Irvin, a gay police public assistant, on the ABC television drama \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Born William Brochtrup Jr. in 1963 in California, U.S., Bill Brochtrup was raised in Tacoma, Washington and graduated from New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts in 1985. After NYU, he moved to Los Angeles, California",
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"chunk_text": "\"NYPD Blue\"\nSchroder's request; he wanted to spend more time with his family. The fourth and final phase of the show took place over the final four seasons. Season nine initially tied-in with the September 11 terrorist attacks. In the \"\"Sorenson missing\"\" storyline, continuing from the previous season, a suspect trades immunity for a robbery and shooting in exchange for information on a buried rug in Brooklyn that turns out to include Sorenson's dead body. Assisting on the investigation is Officer John Clark, Jr., played by Mark-Paul Gosselaar. He is promoted to detective third grade for his heroic actions in the shootout",
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"chunk_id": "19500672",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark-Paul Gosselaar\"\nMark-Paul Gosselaar Mark-Paul Harry Gosselaar (; born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles as Zack Morris in \"\"Saved by the Bell\"\", Detective John Clark in \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", and Peter Bash in \"\"Franklin & Bash\"\". He was the lead in the 1998 film \"\"Dead Man on Campus\"\", and starred in the 2016 TV series \"\"Pitch\"\". Gosselaar was born in Panorama City, Los Angeles, the son of Paula (van den Brink), a homemaker and hostess for KLM, and Hans Gosselaar, a plant supervisor for Anheuser-Busch. His Dutch father is of German and Dutch Jewish",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Clark\"\nthe Forty-Sixth Infantry Platoon Scout Dog, Second Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment. While in the NYPD he joined the Army Reserve, entering at the rank of Staff Sergeant and retiring in 1989 as a Major. He has had featured acting roles on \"\"LA Law\"\", \"\"John From Cincinnati\"\", \"\"Fallen\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Clark appeared on the \"\"Charlie Rose Show\"\" in 1995 along with David Milch. Activision consulted with Clark on their 2005 release \"\"\"\". Clark joined the New York City Police Department in 1969. He worked a special undercover assignment for two years before entering the Police Academy. In 1972 he",
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"chunk_id": "19277249",
"chunk_text": "\"Oliver Clark\"\nOliver Clark Oliver Clark (born January 3, 1937) is an American character actor. Clark was born Richard Mardirosian in Buffalo, New York, the son of Afro (née Karahos) and Matthew Mardirosian. He is of Armenian heritage. His brother, Tom Mardirosian, is also an actor. Clark made numerous appearances in film and television, particularly in the 1970s (notably as Mr. Farcus in the 1970 movie \"\"The Landlord\"\", as Mr. Small in the 1971 film \"\"They Might Be Giants\"\", and in the 1975 remake of \"\"A Star Is Born\"\"). Two of his best-known TV characters were John Doe #6 on the NBC",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Josh Clark\"\nJosh Clark Josh Clark (born August 16, 1955) is an American stage and screen actor. Clark was born in Bethesda, Maryland. He studied acting at the North Carolina School of the Arts. His first screen role was in the 1976 TV movie \"\"The Other Side of Victory\"\". Since then he has continued to work primarily in television with guest roles on various series including recent stints (2012 - 2015) on \"\"True Detective\"\", \"\"Murder in the First\"\", (recurring), \"\"Justified\"\", \"\"Scorpion\"\", \"\"Aquarius\"\", \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\", \"\"Gang Related\"\", \"\"Vegas\"\", \"\"Shameless\"\", \"\"Criminal Minds\"\", \"\"The Mentalist\"\", \"\"Scandal\"\", \"\"Body of Proof\"\", \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and \"\"Modern Family\"\". Clark",
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"chunk_id": "1207134",
"chunk_text": "\"Tim Daly\"\nTim Daly James Timothy Daly (born March 1, 1956) is an American actor and producer. He is known for his role as Joe Hackett on the NBC sitcom \"\"Wings\"\" and his voice role as Clark Kent/Superman in \"\"\"\", as well as his recurring role as the drug-addicted screenwriter J.T. Dolan on \"\"The Sopranos\"\" (for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award). He starred as Pete Wilder on \"\"Private Practice\"\" from 2007 to 2012. Since 2014, he has portrayed Henry McCord, husband of the titular character, on the CBS drama \"\"Madam Secretary\"\". Daly was born March 1, 1956, at Mount",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Peter Scanavino\"\nPeter Scanavino Peter Scanavino (born February 29, 1980) is an American actor. He stars as NYPD Detective Dominick Carisi Jr. in the long-running NBC crime/legal drama series \"\"\"\". Since 2005, Scanavino has had dozens of minor roles in films and on television, most notably \"\"Deception\"\" (2008), \"\"The Good Wife\"\" and \"\"The Blacklist\"\". In 2005, Scanavino guest starred on the NBC crime drama series \"\"\"\" in the episode \"\"Diamond Dogs\"\" as petty criminal Johnny Feist. In 2013, Scanavino guest starred on the long-running NBC crime-drama series \"\"\"\" in the , 13th episode, \"\"Monster's Legacy\"\" as Johnny Dubcek. The same year, he",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Clark\"\nBill Clark Walter W. \"\"Bill\"\" Clark, Jr. (born May 20, 1944) is a former New York Police Department first grade detective and an award-winning television writer and producer. Born in St. John's, Newfoundland, Clark grew up in Brooklyn, New York, in an area now known as Park Slope. He is a veteran NYPD Detective First Grade and television Writer and Executive Producer. Clark joined David Milch and Steven Bochco's \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" in the first season as technical consultant and continued to draw on his twenty-five years experience with New York undercover and homicide units to ensure that the series accurately",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3701071",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Turturro\"\nNicholas Turturro Nicholas Turturro, (born January 29, 1962) is an American actor, known for his role as Sergeant James Martinez on the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Nicholas is the younger brother of John Turturro and the cousin of Aida Turturro. Turturro was born in Brooklyn, New York. His mother, Katherine Florence (Incerella), was an amateur jazz singer, who worked in a Navy yard during World War II, and was born in the U.S., to Italian parents, with roots in Sicily. His father, Nicholas Turturro, Sr., was a carpenter and shoemaker who emigrated from Giovinazzo, Italy at the age of six",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_text": "\"John Vargas\"\nDouglas. John Vargas has worked on several soap operas. He joined the cast of \"\"General Hospital\"\" in the role of Rico Chacone, and \"\"Santa Barbara\"\" as Marcos Llamera. In 2004, John was cast as Dr. Rojas in the soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". He also appeared in season 4, episode 11 of \"\"\"\". John Vargas John Vargas (born April 24, 1959) is an American actor best known for his role in the films \"\"Primary Colors\"\" and \"\"\"\" John Vargas was born in the Bronx and moved to Puerto Rico when his father Juan A. Maldonado was killed in Laos",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "16772045",
"chunk_text": "\"John D'Leo\"\nJohn D'Leo John D'Leo (born July 8, 1995) is an American actor. He is known for his role in the 2013 film \"\"The Family\"\", opposite Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Dianna Agron. D'Leo is from Monmouth County He is of Italian and Irish descent. He has also appeared in the films Unbroken, \"\"Cop Out\"\" (2010), \"\"Brooklyn's Finest\"\" (2010), \"\"Wanderlust\"\" (2012), and \"\"The Family\"\" (2013) and on the television series \"\"\"\" and \"\"How to Make It in America\"\". John is often seen with American actress, Jennie Eps and has made frequent appearances on social media. Jennie is suspected to be",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_text": "\"John Kelly (NYPD Blue)\"\nJohn Kelly (NYPD Blue) John Kelly is a fictional character in the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", portrayed by David Caruso. The character appeared in the first season and the first four episodes of the second season. An Irish-American who was promoted to the rank of detective at the relatively early age of 28, Kelly was a brilliant and oft-smoldering cop, whose father was a heroic cop who was murdered in the line of duty. John Kelly Sr. was a member of the previously Irish American-dominated police department who according to fellow officer Jack Hanlon would have made Chief of Detectives",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Oliver Clark\"\neach Captain had been mistakenly receiving the other's mail. Clark also played roles on \"\"Barney Miller\"\", appearing in six episodes: Clark was a regular on the 1975 situation comedy \"\"Karen\"\". In 1977, he appeared in an episode of the ABC crime drama \"\"The Feather and Father Gang\"\". Oliver Clark Oliver Clark (born January 3, 1937) is an American character actor. Clark was born Richard Mardirosian in Buffalo, New York, the son of Afro (née Karahos) and Matthew Mardirosian. He is of Armenian heritage. His brother, Tom Mardirosian, is also an actor. Clark made numerous appearances in film and television, particularly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Clark\"\nabout a parking ticket in the neighborhood where one of the murders had just taken place. It turns out, when calling through the switchboard, the operator knew David Berkowitz and mentioned that he had exhibited some strange behaviors. All this information and this random parking ticket lead helped to assist us in finally taking this killer off the streets. He co-authored, along with \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" co-creator and Executive Producer David Milch, \"\"True Blue: The Real Stories Behind\"\" NYPD Blue (1995.) Bill Clark Walter W. \"\"Bill\"\" Clark, Jr. (born May 20, 1944) is a former New York Police Department first grade",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Richard Belzer\"\nRichard Belzer Richard Jay Belzer (born August 4, 1944) is an American stand-up comedian, author, and actor. He is best known for his role as BPD Detective, NYPD Detective/Sergeant and DA Investigator John Munch, whom he has portrayed as a regular cast member on the NBC police drama series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", as well as in guest appearances on a number of other series. He portrayed the character for 23 years from 1993 to 2016. Belzer was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the son of Frances and Charles Belzer, a tobacco and candy retailer. He grew up in a Jewish family.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "17020000",
"chunk_text": "\"John Vargas\"\nJohn Vargas John Vargas (born April 24, 1959) is an American actor best known for his role in the films \"\"Primary Colors\"\" and \"\"\"\" John Vargas was born in the Bronx and moved to Puerto Rico when his father Juan A. Maldonado was killed in Laos during the Vietnam war Upon finishing high school he was accepted to the prestigious Drama Department at Carnegie Mellon University, becoming the first Puerto Rican to graduate from its drama dept. Upon graduating, Vargas moved to Los Angeles. John Vargas was cast in Neil Simon's film \"\"Only When I Laugh\"\", with Marsha Mason and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "10360629",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Belzer\"\nof July 30, 2014, by jumping from the roof of the New York City luxury apartment building in which he had resided. Belzer’s father had also committed suicide in 1968. Belzer is a cousin of actor Henry Winkler. Richard Belzer Richard Jay Belzer (born August 4, 1944) is an American stand-up comedian, author, and actor. He is best known for his role as BPD Detective, NYPD Detective/Sergeant and DA Investigator John Munch, whom he has portrayed as a regular cast member on the NBC police drama series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", as well as in guest appearances on a number of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "15975481",
"chunk_text": "\"NYPD Blue\"\nfrom years earlier involving Sipowicz and Clark's father, John Clark, Sr. (Joe Spano), an average, by-the-book detective from a low crime precinct, who is enraged that his son chose to join the 15th Precinct to work with Andy. Season nine also has the introduction of Det. Rita Ortiz (played by Jacqueline Obradors). Two other actresses were first cast in roles as young, Latina detectives who were intended to be regular cast members; one was dropped in the pre-filming process over creative differences, and Vanessa Marcil's made an appearance as Det. Carmen Olivera in the Season 9 premiere, with the possibility",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "11376620",
"chunk_text": "\"Gordon Clapp\"\nGordon Clapp Gordon Clapp (born September 24, 1948) is an American actor, best known for portraying the role of Det. Greg Medavoy for all 12 seasons on the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", winning an Emmy Award in 1998. A graduate of Williams College, where he met frequent collaborators David Strathairn and John Sayles, and The National Theater Institute at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center (Fall 1970), the North Conway, New Hampshire-born Clapp has appeared in numerous TV shows such as \"\"Check it Out!\"\" and \"\"Night Court\"\" as well as numerous stage plays. His film credits include \"\"Return of the Secaucus",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "15961635",
"chunk_text": "\"Jason Cerbone\"\nNYPD \"\"ESU guy\"\" in the 2009 film \"\"The Taking of Pelham 123\"\". In 2014, he played the role of Detective Johnny Vassallo in the CBS crime drama \"\"Blue Bloods\"\", season 5, episode 3 (\"\"Burning Bridges\"\"). Jason Cerbone Jason Cerbone (born November 2, 1977 in Yonkers, New York) is an American actor. He is most notable for the role of Jackie Aprile, Jr. on the hit HBO series \"\"The Sopranos\"\". He got his start acting at age 4, appearing on a commercial for \"\"Sesame Street\"\". He signed with the Ford Modeling Agency in New York City at age 7. Cerbone later",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"NYPD Blue\"\nhim and his professional and personal lives. Promotional shots for the show depicted Caruso in the foreground and other first-season characters set off behind him. Season two had the departure of John Kelly, and the show was thereafter built around an ensemble cast. Dennis Franz, as Andy Sipowicz, a veteran New York City Police detective, evolved into the show's lead character, who increasingly assumed a mentorship role to other characters as the series progressed. His co-stars included (season two and beyond) Jimmy Smits as Det. Bobby Simone (1994–1998), Rick Schroder as Det. Danny Sorenson (1998–2001), and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Det.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "5034562",
"chunk_text": "\"Malik Yoba\"\nMalik Yoba Abdul-Malik Kashie \"\"Malik\"\" Yoba (born September 17, 1967) is an American actor and occasional singer. He is known for his starring role as NYPD Detective J. C. Williams on the Fox police drama \"\"New York Undercover\"\" and as Yul Brenner in \"\"Cool Runnings\"\". He also appeared as former FBI Special Agent Bill Harken on the Syfy drama series \"\"Alphas\"\", as Jim Hudson in \"\"Revolution\"\" as well as Vernon Turner in \"\"Empire\"\". Recently, he starred in the role of FBI Deputy Director Jason Atwood in the ABC political drama \"\"Designated Survivor\"\". He was a guest host of the popular",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "1035881",
"chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Scarfe\"\nJonathan Scarfe Jonathan Scarfe (born December 16, 1975) is a Canadian film and television actor. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, to actors Alan Scarfe and Sara Botsford. He dropped out of high school at age 15, and at the age of 16 he spent a year working at the Stratford Festival, where he learned about acting. Scarfe's first major role was on the Canadian teen drama \"\"Madison\"\". He appears in a recurring role as Chase Carter, the drug-abusing cousin of John Carter, on the medical-drama series \"\"ER\"\". His television guest appearances include the police procedural series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "11376623",
"chunk_text": "\"Gordon Clapp\"\nIn 2014, Clapp began playing a recurring role as Chaplain Orlovsky in \"\"Chicago Fire\"\". The character is a Catholic priest and a Chaplain in the Chicago Fire Department. Gordon Clapp married Elisabeth Gordon, whom he met through a mutual friend, on November 5, 2016. They share a mutual love of theater and the natural world. They reside in both Vermont and Boston, Massachusetts. Gordon Clapp Gordon Clapp (born September 24, 1948) is an American actor, best known for portraying the role of Det. Greg Medavoy for all 12 seasons on the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", winning an Emmy Award in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "6002317",
"chunk_text": "\"Will Estes\"\nWill Estes William Estes Nipper (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor known for his role on CBS police drama \"\"Blue Bloods\"\" as Jamison \"\"Jamie\"\" Reagan, a New York Police Department officer and the younger son of the police commissioner, played by Tom Selleck. Previously, he starred as J.J. Pryor, on the NBC drama \"\"American Dreams\"\". Estes was born and raised in Los Angeles, California, where he currently resides. Estes' break-out movie role was Seaman Ronald 'Rabbit' Parker on \"\"U-571\"\". Early in his career, he did many commercials including Fruit of the Loom and numerous guest starring roles in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "7890789",
"chunk_text": "\"John Finn\"\nJohn Finn John Joseph Finn (born September 30, 1952) is an American actor known as one of the leads of the television programs \"\"Cold Case\"\" and \"\"EZ Streets\"\". Finn has also had supporting roles in the films \"\"The Hunted\"\" (2003), \"\"Analyze That\"\" (2002), \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" (2002), \"\"True Crime\"\" (1999), \"\"Turbulence\"\" (1997), \"\"Blown Away\"\" (1994), \"\"The Pelican Brief\"\" (1993), and \"\"Glory\"\" (1989). TV series that Finn has had recurring roles on include \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", \"\"The Practice\"\", \"\"The X-Files\"\", \"\"Strange World\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" (he also appeared two other times on \"\"Blue\"\" as different characters), \"\"Chicago Hope\"\", and eight episodes",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"NYPD Blue\"\nof PAA Dolores Mayo (played by Lola Glaudini), and the death of Costas, who is accidentally gunned down by Mayo's distraught father at the trial of the suspect accused in Mayo's death. Costas's final words to Sipowicz, \"\"Take care of the baby\"\", lead to his initial withdrawal from the squad. Yet, his keen perceptiveness allows him to gain a confession from the suspect in Mayo's death, who had tried to buy his way out of trouble. Furthermore, Sipowicz reaches a level of understanding with PAA John Irvin (portrayed by Bill Brochtrup), whose homosexuality had been a stumbling block for Sipowicz",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"John Hillerman\"\nHillerman retired from acting in 1999, he returned to his home state of Texas. On November 9, 2017, he died of cardiovascular disease at his Houston home, at the age of 84. Sources: John Hillerman John Benedict Hillerman (December 20, 1932 – November 9, 2017) was an American actor best known for his starring role as Jonathan Quayle Higgins III on the television show \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\" that aired from 1980 to 1988. For his role as Higgins, Hillerman earned five Golden Globe nominations, winning in 1981, and four Emmy nominations, winning in 1987. He retired from acting in 1999. Hillerman",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"John Kelly (NYPD Blue)\"\ndecided they were falling into old patterns which they didn't wish to repeat. He also acted as a sort of mentor to James Martinez, a young cop in anti-crime whom he partnered for a while when Sipowicz was on probation. John Kelly (NYPD Blue) John Kelly is a fictional character in the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", portrayed by David Caruso. The character appeared in the first season and the first four episodes of the second season. An Irish-American who was promoted to the rank of detective at the relatively early age of 28, Kelly was a brilliant and oft-smoldering cop,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"NYPD Blue\"\nJohn Clark, Jr. (2001–2005). John Kelly and Andy Sipowicz are detectives in the 15th squad. Sipowicz is the elder partner, but is an alcoholic who drinks on the job, as well as off duty, and his behavior causes doubt that the partnership will last much longer. Kelly has a genuine affection for his partner, but becomes increasingly exasperated by Sipowicz's behavior. In addition to his alcoholism, Sipowicz is a deeply negative, misogynist, homophobic bigot. In the pilot, Sipowicz is shot by a suspect he had attacked and humiliated earlier. This leads to his decision to sober up and save his",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"John Ventimiglia\"\nJohn Ventimiglia John Ventimiglia is an American actor. Ventimiglia portrayed Artie Bucco in the HBO television series \"\"The Sopranos\"\" and had a recurring role as Dino Arbogast, an Organized Crime Control Bureau Chief for the NYPD, on the American police procedural/drama series \"\"Blue Bloods\"\" on CBS. Ventimiglia has had parts in feature films such as \"\"Cop Land\"\", \"\"Jesus' Son\"\", \"\"The Iceman\"\", \"\"The Funeral\"\", \"\"The Wannabe\"\", and \"\"Mickey Blue Eyes\"\" and has appeared in numerous television shows including \"\"Law & Order\"\" and \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". He also made a brief cameo in the made-for-television movie \"\"Gotti\"\". In August, 2007, Ventimiglia and the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Anthony Clark (actor)\"\nwith co-star Jean Louisa Kelly as the Most Popular Mom & Dad in a Television Series) and a Prism Award. The show ended in 2006. That same year, Clark was named by NBC as the new host of reality competition series \"\"Last Comic Standing\"\", which aired in the summer of 2006. Along with Mike O'Malley, Anthony appears in Alan Jackson's music video for \"\"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\"\". In 2011, opposite Missi Pyle and John Michael Higgins, Clark starred as Jack Schumacher in the comedy \"\"My Uncle Rafael\"\". Anthony Clark (actor) Anthony Higgins Clark (born April 4, 1964) is an",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gregory Jbara\"\nroles to date are as Dan O'Keefe in the Fox/WB sitcom \"\"Grounded for Life\"\" (2002–05) and as NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore on the CBS drama \"\"Blue Bloods\"\" (2010–present). Guest on Drew Carey Gregory Jbara Gregory Jbara (; born September 28, 1961) is an American film, television and stage actor, and singer. Jbara was born in Nankin Township (now Westland), Michigan, the son of an advertising office manager and an insurance claims adjuster. He is of Lebanese and Irish descent. After graduating from Wayne Memorial High School in Wayne, Michigan, Jbara attended the University of Michigan from",
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"chunk_text": "\"John D'Leo\"\na possible girlfriend, and they are said to be dating. However, neither John nor Jennie has given their official statement regarding their relationship in any of their interviews. John D'Leo John D'Leo (born July 8, 1995) is an American actor. He is known for his role in the 2013 film \"\"The Family\"\", opposite Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Dianna Agron. D'Leo is from Monmouth County He is of Italian and Irish descent. He has also appeared in the films Unbroken, \"\"Cop Out\"\" (2010), \"\"Brooklyn's Finest\"\" (2010), \"\"Wanderlust\"\" (2012), and \"\"The Family\"\" (2013) and on the television series \"\"\"\" and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Anthony LaPaglia\"\n2007 to raise funds for Southern California wildfire relief. Anthony LaPaglia Anthony M. LaPaglia (, ; born 31 January 1959) is an Australian actor. He played the role of Joe in the coming-of-age comedy \"\"Empire Records\"\" and John in the film \"\"Autumn In New York\"\", as well as FBI agent Jack Malone on the American television series \"\"Without a Trace\"\", for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama. He also appeared in eight episodes of \"\"Frasier\"\" as Daphne Moon's alcoholic brother Simon. LaPaglia starred in the Australian films \"\"Looking for Alibrandi\"\", \"\"Holding the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Anthony LaPaglia\"\nAnthony LaPaglia Anthony M. LaPaglia (, ; born 31 January 1959) is an Australian actor. He played the role of Joe in the coming-of-age comedy \"\"Empire Records\"\" and John in the film \"\"Autumn In New York\"\", as well as FBI agent Jack Malone on the American television series \"\"Without a Trace\"\", for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama. He also appeared in eight episodes of \"\"Frasier\"\" as Daphne Moon's alcoholic brother Simon. LaPaglia starred in the Australian films \"\"Looking for Alibrandi\"\", \"\"Holding the Man\"\", \"\"Lantana\"\" and \"\"Balibo\"\". For the latter two films",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"John Mariano\"\nfor playing Johnny the waiter in \"\"Caroline in the City\"\" with Lea Thompson. A gifted improviser, sketch player and voice-over artist, his impression of Robert De Niro in a sketch entitled \"\"De Niro Sings the Supremes\"\" at The Groundlings, led to him playing a pigeon named Bobby in the cartoon series \"\"Animaniacs\"\", who is based on a character played by De Niro in \"\"Goodfellas\"\". John Mariano John Mariano (born August 5, 1960 in Astoria, New York) is an American actor who has worked in film, television, animation and nightclubs. He is known for playing tough guys with a comic edge.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Luke\"\nmostly had small guest roles in television series such as \"\"Judging Amy\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"ER\"\", \"\"Las Vegas\"\", and \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\". He received his first major role in the Syfy television film \"\"Jersey Shore Shark Attack\"\". In 2013, he had a supporting role in \"\"Don Jon\"\", which was directed by and starred Joseph Gordon-Levitt. He also played the role of Mickey Cohen in the TNT television series \"\"Mob City\"\", which was created by director and writer Frank Darabont. Jeremy Luke Jeremy Luke (born March 23, 1977) is an American actor, best known for his roles in \"\"Jersey Shore Shark Attack\"\", \"\"Don",
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"chunk_text": "\"John Clark (American actor)\"\nJohn Clark (American actor) \"\"Not to be confused with British stage actor and director John Clark (actor)\"\". John Clark (January 18, 1933 in New Jersey – September 9, 2011 in St. Augustine, Florida) was an American actor who had minor roles in mainly western films. He made an appearance in \"\"The Silence\"\" episode of \"\"Twilight Zone\"\" as a club member alongside Franchot Tone, Liam Sullivan, and Jonathan Harris which was broadcast on CBS on 28 April 1961. Clark appeared in \"\"Battle of the Bulge\"\" in 1965 and had an extensive run in Spaghetti westerns of the late 1960s and early",
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"chunk_text": "\"Len Cariou\"\nLen Cariou Leonard Joseph \"\"Len\"\" Cariou (born September 30, 1939) is a Canadian actor, best known for his portrayal of Sweeney Todd in the original cast of \"\"\"\", for which he won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, and for playing the patriarch Henry Reagan, NYPD Police Commissioner (retired), in the multi-generational television series \"\"Blue Bloods\"\" on CBS. Born in St. Boniface, today a city ward of Winnipeg, later moving to East Kildonan, Manitoba, Cariou is the son of Molly Estelle (née Moore) and George Marius Cariou, a salesman. His father was Breton and his mother was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Turturro\"\nof Shawn Michaels vs. Diesel. His list of credits include portraying Al Capone on \"\"The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles\"\" and playing the role of Brucie in \"\"The Longest Yard\"\" and Renaldo in \"\"I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry\"\". In July 2009, Turturro began co-starring in the comedy web series \"\"Dusty Peacock\"\" on Crackle. Nicholas Turturro Nicholas Turturro, (born January 29, 1962) is an American actor, known for his role as Sergeant James Martinez on the television series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\". Nicholas is the younger brother of John Turturro and the cousin of Aida Turturro. Turturro was born in Brooklyn, New",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lon Clark\"\nLon Clark Lon Clark (January 12, 1912 – October 2, 1998) was a New York City actor of stage and radio. Clark was born in Frost, Minnesota. As a youth in Minnesota, Clark studied at the MacPhail Center for Music in Minneapolis. He began as a musician and actor in traveling tent shows, followed by a season with the Cincinnati Summer Opera. After participating in radio drama in Cincinnati, he arrived in New York during the 1940s, and his rich baritone voice quickly led to network radio roles. He had the title role in \"\"Nick Carter, Master Detective\"\" on the",
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"chunk_text": "\"John Finn\"\nof \"\"Brooklyn South\"\". Born to an Irish-American family in The Bronx, New York, he graduated from Eldred Central School in Eldred, New York, in the year 1970. He later joined the Navy for a few years, after which he entered the acting business. John Finn John Joseph Finn (born September 30, 1952) is an American actor known as one of the leads of the television programs \"\"Cold Case\"\" and \"\"EZ Streets\"\". Finn has also had supporting roles in the films \"\"The Hunted\"\" (2003), \"\"Analyze That\"\" (2002), \"\"Catch Me If You Can\"\" (2002), \"\"True Crime\"\" (1999), \"\"Turbulence\"\" (1997), \"\"Blown Away\"\" (1994),",
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"chunk_text": "\"David Caruso\"\ncourt to answer the charges before fleeing to Mexico; following her deportation from Mexico, Austrian officials took her into custody to await trial on the stalking charges. In 1994, Caruso won a Golden Globe Award for his John Kelly role on \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" for which he was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. In 2001, he was nominated for the Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor – Suspense for his role as Dino in the film \"\"Proof of Life\"\". David Caruso David Stephen Caruso (born January 7, 1956) is an",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"John Hillerman\"\nJohn Hillerman John Benedict Hillerman (December 20, 1932 – November 9, 2017) was an American actor best known for his starring role as Jonathan Quayle Higgins III on the television show \"\"Magnum, P.I.\"\" that aired from 1980 to 1988. For his role as Higgins, Hillerman earned five Golden Globe nominations, winning in 1981, and four Emmy nominations, winning in 1987. He retired from acting in 1999. Hillerman was born in Denison, Texas, the son of Christopher Benedict Hillerman, a gas station owner, and Lenora Joan (\"\"née\"\" Medlinger). He was the middle child with two sisters. His father was the grandson",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_807
|
what does the pearl symbolize in the bible?
|
n/a
|
[
"the Kingdom of Heaven"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "5528817",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nParable of the Pearl The Parable of the Pearl (also called the Pearl of Great Price) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It is the penultimate parable in Matthew 13, just before the Parable of the Dragnet. It immediately follows the Parable of the Hidden Treasure, which has a similar theme. It does not appear in the other synoptic gospels but a version of this parable does appear in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas, Saying 76. The parable has been depicted by artists such as Domenico",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4943384",
"chunk_text": "Pearl\ntranslates it as \"\"emerald\"\", and the Vulgate translates it as \"\"jaspis\"\" – meaning jasper. There is a wide range of views among traditional sources about which tribe the stone refers to. In a Christian New Testament parable (\"\"Matthew\"\" 13:45–46), Jesus compared the Kingdom of Heaven to a \"\"pearl of great price\"\". \"\"Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant man, seeking goodly (fine) pearls: Who, when he had found one pearl of great price, went and sold all that he had, and bought it.\"\" The twelve gates of the New Jerusalem are reportedly each made of a single",
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"chunk_id": "10501176",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nto be Jesus. There have been several depictions of the New Testament parable in art, including works by Domenico Fetti, John Everett Millais, and Jan Luyken. The parable is referenced in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel \"\"The Scarlet Letter\"\" on page 82: \"\"But she named the infant 'Pearl,' as being of great price- purchased with all see had,- her mothers only treasure!\"\" Parable of the Pearl The Parable of the Pearl (also called the Pearl of Great Price) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It is the penultimate",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Pearl\npearl in \"\"Revelation\"\" 21:21, that is, the Pearly Gates. \"\"And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; every gate was of one pearl: and the streets of the city were pure gold, as if transparent glass.\"\" Holy things are compared to pearls in \"\"Matthew\"\" 7:6: \"\"Do not give dogs what is holy, and do not throw your pearls before pigs, lest they trample them underfoot and turn to attack you.\"\" Pearls are also found in numerous references showing the wickedness and pride of a people, as in \"\"Revelation\"\" 18:16. \"\"And saying, Alas, alas, that great city, that was clothed in fine",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Pearl (poem)\"\nShe instructs him on several aspects of sin, repentance, grace and salvation. She describes the earthly and the heavenly Jerusalem, citing the Apostle John and focusing on Christ's past sacrifice and present glory. She wears the Pearl of Great Price because she has been washed in the blood of the Lamb, and advises him to forsake all and buy this pearl. He asks about the heavenly Jerusalem; she tells him it is the city of God. He asks to go there; she says that God forbids that, but he may see it by a special dispensation. They walk upstream, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1822512",
"chunk_text": "Pearl\nHindu deities, the most famous being the Kaustubha that Lord Vishnu wears on his chest. According to Rebbenu Bachya, the word \"\"Yahalom\"\" in the verse Exodus 28:18 means \"\"pearl\"\" and was the stone on the Hoshen representing the tribe of Zebulun. This is generally disputed among scholars, particularly since the word in question in most manuscripts is actually \"\"Yasepheh\"\" – the word from which \"\"jasper\"\" derives; scholars think that refers to green jasper (the rarest and most prized form in early times) rather than red jasper (the most common form). \"\"Yahalom\"\" is usually translated by the Septuagint as an \"\"onyx\"\",",
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"chunk_id": "10501174",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nwritings. Pope Pius XII used the phrase to describe virginity. The pearl itself is a beautiful, single entity, formed through suffering in the heart of the oyster (in the same way that believers endure lack of wealth or comfort) and like the Church, will be put on display in a coming day. Unlike precious stones which must be cut and polished to reveal their clarity and beauty, the pearl is perfect as it comes from the oyster. A version of the parable also appears in the Gnostic Gospel of Thomas (Saying 76): This work's version of the parable of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10501170",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nFetti. The parable reads as follows: This parable is generally interpreted as illustrating the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. Anglican bishop Charles Ellicott notes that: \"\"the caprices of luxury in the Roman empire had given a prominence to pearls, as an article of commerce, which they had never had before, and have probably never had since. They, rather than emeralds and sapphires, were the typical instance of all costliest adornments (; ). The story of Cleopatra and the fact that the opening of a new pearl market was one of the alleged motives which led the Emperor Claudius",
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"chunk_text": "Pearl\nas pearls well-guarded. The metaphor of a pearl appears in the longer Hymn of the Pearl, a poem respected for its high literary quality, and use of layered theological metaphor, found within one of the texts of Gnosticism. The Pearl of Great Price is a book of scripture in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and some other Latter Day Saint denominations. Pearl A pearl is a hard glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as a conulariid. Just like the shell of a",
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"chunk_text": "Pearl\nbut sometimes as \"\"beryl\"\" or as \"\"jasper\"\"; onyx only started being mined after the Septuagint was written, so the Septuagint's term \"\"onyx\"\" probably does not mean onyx – onyx is originally an Assyrian word meaning ring, and so could refer to anything used for making rings. \"\"Yahalom\"\" is similar to a Hebrew word meaning hit hard, so some people think that it means diamond. The variation in possibilities of meaning for this sixth stone in the Hoshen is reflected in different translations of the Bible – the King James Version translates the sixth stone as \"\"diamond\"\", the New International Version",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nHidden Treasure appears later (Saying 109), rather than immediately preceding, as in Matthew. However, the mention of a treasure in Saying 76 may reflect a source for the Gospel of Thomas in which the parables were adjacent, so that the original pair of parables has been \"\"broken apart, placed in separate contexts, and expanded in a manner characteristic of folklore.\"\" In Gnostic thought the pearl may represent Christ or the true self. In the Gnostic Acts of Peter and the Twelve, found with the Gospel of Thomas in the Nag Hammadi library, the travelling pearl merchant Lithargoel is eventually revealed",
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"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nbut loss? Has your trust in yourself and your merits Come to naught before Christ and His cross? </poem> A less common interpretation of the parable is that the merchant represents Jesus, and the pearl represents the Christian Church. This interpretation would give the parable a similar theme to that of the Parable of the Lost Sheep, the Lost Coin, and the Prodigal Son. The phrase \"\"Pearl of Great Price\"\" has also been interpreted more widely to apply to things of great value in a number of religious contexts. For example, it is the title of a selection of Mormon",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "10501172",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nstory. However, those who do not believe in the kingdom of heaven enough to stake their whole future on it are unworthy of the kingdom. This interpretation of the parable is the inspiration for a number of hymns, including the anonymous Swedish hymn \"\"Den Kostliga Pärlan\"\" (\"\"O That Pearl of Great Price!\"\"), which begins: <poem> O that Pearl of great price! have you found it? Is the Savior supreme in your love? O consider it well, ere you answer, As you hope for a welcome above. Have you given up all for this Treasure? Have you counted past gains as",
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"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Hidden Treasure\"\nunique to the Gospel of Thomas, and reflect a different theme from the New Testament parable. There have been several depictions of the New Testament parable in art, including works by Rembrandt, Jan Luyken, James Tissot, and John Everett Millais. Parable of the Hidden Treasure The Parable of the Hidden Treasure is a well known parable of Jesus, which appears in Matthew 13:44, and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It immediately precedes the parable of the Pearl, which has a similar theme. The parable has been depicted by artists such as Rembrandt. The brief parable of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "8306437",
"chunk_text": "\"Acts of Peter and the Twelve\"\nPearl in the Gospel of Matthew, of a pearl merchant who is selling a pearl at a great price (note—this text is not to be confused with the Mormon scripture \"\"The Pearl of Great Price\"\"). The merchant is shunned by the rich but the poor attend him in droves, and learn that the pearl is kept at the home city of the merchant, \"\"Nine Gates\"\", rather than being carried on him. As such those who desire it must trek the arduous journey to Nine Gates. The name of the merchant is Lithargoel, which the text translates as being \"\"lightweight, glistening",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "4745040",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Hidden Treasure\"\nParable of the Hidden Treasure The Parable of the Hidden Treasure is a well known parable of Jesus, which appears in Matthew 13:44, and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It immediately precedes the parable of the Pearl, which has a similar theme. The parable has been depicted by artists such as Rembrandt. The brief parable of the hidden treasure is as follows: The setting here presupposes that someone has buried a treasure and later died. The current owner of the field is unaware of its existence. The finder, perhaps a farm labourer, is entitled to it,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "10501171",
"chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Pearl\"\nto invade Britain, are indications of the value that was then set on the “goodly pearls” of the parable\"\", and theologian John Nolland likewise notes that pearls at that time had a greater value than they do today, and it thus has a similar theme to its partner, the parable of the Hidden Treasure. Nolland comments that it shares with that parable the notions of \"\"good fortune and demanding action in attaining the kingdom of heaven\"\", but adds in this case the notion of \"\"diligent seeking\"\". The valuable pearl is the \"\"deal of a lifetime\"\" for the merchant in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "4943386",
"chunk_text": "Pearl\nlinen, in purple and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls!\"\" The Qur'an often mentions that dwellers of paradise will be adorned with pearls: 22:23 God will admit those who believe and work righteous deeds, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow: they shall be adorned therein with bracelets of gold and pearls; and their garments there will be of silk. 35:33 Gardens of Eternity will they enter: therein will they be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls; and their garments there will be of silk. 52:24 Round about them will serve, [devoted] to them, youths [handsome]",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "7850724",
"chunk_text": "\"Hymn of the Pearl\"\nHymn of the Pearl The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal \"\"Acts of Thomas\"\". In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn antedates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the Syriac",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "17058314",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearly gates\"\nlooks up the deceased's name in a book, before opening the gate. Pearly gates Pearly gates is an informal name for the gateway to Heaven according to some Christian denominations. It is inspired by the description of the New Jerusalem in : \"\"The twelve gates were twelve pearls, each gate being made from a single pearl.\"\" The image of the gates in popular culture is a set of large gold, white or wrought-iron gates in the clouds, guarded by Saint Peter (the keeper of the \"\"keys to the kingdom\"\"). Those not fit to enter heaven are denied entrance at the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "7850728",
"chunk_text": "\"Hymn of the Pearl\"\npoem. Hymn of the Pearl The Hymn of the Pearl (also Hymn of the Soul, Hymn of the Robe of Glory or Hymn of Judas Thomas the Apostle) is a passage of the apocryphal \"\"Acts of Thomas\"\". In that work, originally written in Syriac, the Apostle Thomas sings the hymn while praying for himself and fellow prisoners. Some scholars believe the hymn antedates the Acts, as it only appears in one Syriac manuscript and one Greek manuscript of the Acts of Thomas. The author of the Hymn is unknown, though there is a belief that it was composed by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "17058313",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearly gates\"\nPearly gates Pearly gates is an informal name for the gateway to Heaven according to some Christian denominations. It is inspired by the description of the New Jerusalem in : \"\"The twelve gates were twelve pearls, each gate being made from a single pearl.\"\" The image of the gates in popular culture is a set of large gold, white or wrought-iron gates in the clouds, guarded by Saint Peter (the keeper of the \"\"keys to the kingdom\"\"). Those not fit to enter heaven are denied entrance at the gates, and descend into Hell. In some versions of this imagery, Peter",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "9065499",
"chunk_text": "\"Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well\"\nusual beauty pageant portrayed by artists depicting this biblical scene, Maratta shows only Eliezer, Rebecca, and one other woman against whom the viewer may contrast Rebecca's beauty and virtue. Maratta also reduces the figures to half-length, the better to focus on their dramatic facial expressions. The image is full of visual cues that make it clear this is an Old Testament prefiguration of Mary's selection. The pearl Rebecca selects stands for Mary's value and purity. The vases she and the other woman hold are symbols of Mary's role as a holy vessel. Since the vases are unbroken, they also stand",
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_text": "\"Hymn of the Pearl\"\ngnostic Bardaisan due to some parallels between his life and that of the hymn. It is believed to have been written in the 2nd century or even possibly the 1st century. The hymn tells the story of a boy, \"\"the son of the king of kings\"\", who is sent to Egypt to retrieve a pearl from a serpent. During the quest, he is seduced by Egyptians and forgets his origin and his family. However, a letter is sent from the king of kings to remind him of his past. When the boy receives the letter, he remembers his mission, retrieves",
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"chunk_id": "11257486",
"chunk_text": "\"Jewish symbolism\"\nand lightning. The ephod typified the four elements, and the interwoven gold denoted the glory of God. The breastplate was in the center of the ephod, as the earth formed the center of the universe; the girdle symbolized the ocean, the stones on the shoulders the sun and moon, and the jewels in the breastplate the twelve signs of the zodiac, while the miter was a token of heaven. The Jerusalem Talmud and Midrash \"\"Leviticus Rabbah\"\" (x.) give the following interpretation: The coat symbolized atonement for murder or for the sin of wearing mixed garments, and the undergarment typified atonement",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "7850727",
"chunk_text": "\"Hymn of the Pearl\"\nhas been preserved and especially treasured in Manichaeism - a version of it appears as part of a north-African Manichaean Psalm book is written in Coptic, called the Psalms of Thomas. The Hymn of the Pearl has also been admired by Orthodox Christian thinkers and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons). Please note that wikisource contains the . The \"\"Hymn of the Pearl\"\" is read as part of the narration in Terrence Malick's 2015 film \"\"Knight of Cups\"\". The film deals with themes of pain, loss of direction and transcendence, which are part of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8959863",
"chunk_text": "\"Doves as symbols\"\nBird's Nest\"\", the dwelling place of the Messiah's soul until his advent (Zohar II: 8a–9a). The Vilna Gaon explicitly declares that a dove is a symbol of the human soul (Commentary to Jonah, 1). The dove is also a symbol of the people Israel (Song of Songs Rabbah 2:14), an image frequently repeated in Midrash. The symbolism of the dove in Christianity is first found in the Old Testament Book of Genesis in the story of Noah’s Ark, “And the dove came in to him at eventide; and, lo, in her mouth an olive-leaf plucked off: so Noah knew that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "10707473",
"chunk_text": "\"Diana Primrose\"\nthe then current ruler. The use of the metaphor of a pearl chain sets the tone for the eulogy and illustrates from the beginning the symbolic nature of the peace. The pearl is the oldest known gem, found in the sarcophagus of a Princess of Persia who died in 520 BC (Anonymous, Pearls in Human History). Since its discovery the pearl has been a symbol of purity and perfection and has been recognised as the gem of royalty due to each pearl's unique design no pearl being exactly the same; its formation also signifies strength of character (Anonymous, The Rich",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "11923082",
"chunk_text": "\"Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram\"\nin a setting that rises up from the plane of the cover and is decorated with fine detail. The \"\"claws\"\" holding the gems in place are minutely formed as acanthus leaves; earlier jewelled metalwork usually used plain \"\"claw\"\"-type settings. According to the Book of Exodus in the Bible, God was in heaven standing on a street paved with sapphires, “And they saw the God of Israel; and there was under his feet as it were a pavement of sapphire stone, like the very heaven for clearness.” (Exodus 24: 9-10) The elaborate and costly decoration of the cover is meant to",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "9596599",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew 7:6\"\nwhen they discover they cannot eat the pearls, and since they have no understanding of their greater value, will turn on the giver. Nolland notes the work of Von Lips that advocates for two separate meanings. Pigs and dogs were thought of very differently. Parables from the period portray such dogs as dangerous urban animals. Pigs, while unclean, were docile and nonthreatening. Similarly while what is holy is clearly something of God's, pearls were a sign of secular wealth with no religious connotations. The metaphor seems to be teaching against giving what is holy to those who do not appreciate",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "10533423",
"chunk_text": "Pearl\nas a stimulant of digestion and to treat mental ailments. According to Marco Polo, the kings of Malabar wore a necklace of 104 rubies and pearls which was given from one generation of kings to the next. The reason was that every king had to say 104 prayers every morning and every evening. At least until the beginning of the 20th century it was a Hindu custom to present a completely new, undrilled pearl and pierce it during the wedding ceremony. The Pearl, which can be transliterated to \"\"Moti\"\", a type of \"\"Mani\"\" from Sanskrit, is also associated with many",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Pearl\npearl: saltwater and freshwater pearls come in many different colors. While white, and more recently black, saltwater pearls are by far the most popular, other color tints can be found on pearls from the oceans. Pink, blue, champagne, green, and even purple saltwater pearls can be encountered, but to collect enough of these rare colors to form a complete string of the same size and same shade can take years. The Hindu tradition describes the sacred Nine Pearls which were first documented in the Garuda Purana, one of the books of the Hindu mythology. Ayurveda contains references to pearl powder",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "14595218",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl (given name)\"\nbeen inspired by the name Margaret, which means \"\"pearl\"\". In Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1850 novel \"\"The Scarlet Letter\"\", heroine Hester Prynne names her illegitimate daughter Pearl because the child is \"\"of great price, purchased with all she had, her mother's only treasure.\"\" The passage refers to the Parable of the Pearl in the New Testament. The gates to Heaven are also commonly pictured as made of pearl. It was among the 50 most popular names for girls born in the United States between 1880 and 1911, remained among the top 100 most popular names for girls between 1911 and 1926 and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "7811795",
"chunk_text": "\"Lapis lazuli\"\nthey saw the God of Israel, and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone..\"\" (KJV). The term used in the Latin Vulgate Bible in this citation is \"\"lapidus sapphiri,\"\" the term for lapis lazuli. Modern translations of the Bible, such as the New Living Translation Second Edition, refer to lapis lazuli in most instances instead of sapphire. Lapis lazuli Lapis lazuli (), or lapis for short, is a deep blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color. As early as the 7th",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
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"chunk_id": "7850726",
"chunk_text": "\"Hymn of the Pearl\"\nthe pearl and returns. That the boy is implicitly Thomas rather than Jesus is indicated by the eventual assertion that he is next in line to his elder brother, this unnamed brother not otherwise mentioned in the text. The hymn is commonly interpreted as a Gnostic view of the human condition, that we are spirits lost in a world of matter and forgetful of our true origin. This state of affairs may be ameliorated by a revelatory message delivered by a messenger, a role generally ascribed to Jesus. The letter thus takes on a symbolic representation of gnosis. The hymn",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "4236020",
"chunk_text": "\"Psalm 24\"\ndepict the ascension to heaven. Spurgeon writes, \"\"He who, fresh from the cross and the tomb, now rides through the gates of the New Jerusalem is higher than the heavens; great and everlasting as they are, those gates of pearl are all unworthy of him before whom the heavens are not pure, and who chargeth his angels with folly. \"\"Lift up your heads, O ye gates\"\"\"\". Henry concurs, adding that the Ark being brought up to Jerusalem symbolizes Christ entering into heaven, \"\"and the welcome given to him there\"\". The Midrash Tehillim notes the inversion of the first two words",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "5738542",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl (poem)\"\nPearl (poem) Pearl (Middle English: \"\"Perle\"\") is a late 14th-century Middle English poem. With elements of medieval allegory and dream vision genre, the poem is written in a North-West Midlands variety of Middle English and highly—though not consistently—alliterative; there is a complex system of stanza linking and other stylistic features. A father, mourning the loss of his \"\"perle\"\" (pearl), falls asleep in a garden; in his dream he encounters the 'Pearl-maiden'—a beautiful and heavenly woman—standing across a stream in a strange landscape. In response to his questioning and attempts to obtain her, she answers with Christian doctrine. Eventually she shows",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "14595222",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl (given name)\"\nOff the Hook from \"\"Splatoon 2\"\", the other being Marina. The TV series \"\"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\" has a whale named Pearl, who is Mr. Krabs' daughter. Pearl (given name) Pearl is a primarily feminine given name derived from the English word \"\"pearl,\"\" a hard, roundish object produced within the soft tissue of a living, shelled mollusk. Pearls are commonly used in jewelry-making. The pearl is the birthstone for the month of June. Pearls have been associated with innocence and modesty. Because it comes from the sea, it also has associations with the moon and with water. Pearls are also traditionally considered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "8096148",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew 7:6\"\nMatthew 7:6 Matthew 7:6 is the sixth verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse contains an ambiguous warning about placing \"\"pearls before swine.\"\" The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort, reads: In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: This well known verse, which has no parallel elsewhere in the New Testament, is a difficult one to interpret. There is much debate over what is represented by the holy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "10306285",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew 7:6\"\nkept separate from the turbulence and impiety of daily life. In \"\"Divine Conspiracy\"\", Dallas Willard offers another interpretation. In it, Jesus is not speaking of a wonderful treasure (the pearl), or whether the audience is fit to have it (the swine). Instead, he is observing that the pearl is not helpful. \"\"Pigs cannot digest pearls, cannot nourish themselves upon them.\"\" He concludes that this reflects \"\"our efforts to correct and control others by pouring out our good things\"\" that our audience is not ready for, and that our seemingly good intentions will ultimately yield anger, resentment and attack by the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "17235929",
"chunk_text": "\"The Allegory of Faith\"\nthe emblem, Hesius states that the sphere's ability to reflect the world is similar to the mind's ability to believe in God. Selena Cant has written that the sphere is \"\"symbol of the human mind and its capacity both to reflect and to contain infinity.\"\" The woman's pearl necklace probably relates to pearls as ancient symbols of virginity, according to Cant. There is no source for the light on her dress, perhaps indicating that she is lit by an inner illumination — a strong indication to the viewer that she is not to be considered an individual, but a symbol,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10927549",
"chunk_text": "Nose-jewel\n) in various Indian languages, became popular in 9th and 10th century and became part of various symbols of marital status of women. It also showcased economic status; wives of kings, ministers and wealthy families wearing \"\"nath\"\" made of pearls, sapphire and kundan while others wearing those made in silver. Towards 15th century, the ornament became quite popular and saw variations of using clove, thorns, nails during 17th-18th century. Modern nose rings with contemporary materials and designs came in 20th century. In the Bible, nose-jewels are mentioned in Isaiah 3:21, and referred to in Ezekiel 16:12, Genesis 24:47, Proverbs 11:22,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_id": "10203346",
"chunk_text": "\"Anuradhapura cross\"\nand possible links between the early Christian community in South India and Sri Lanka. The Anuradhapura cross however has unique features when compared to other crosses. The three main elements that the Anuradhapura cross has in common with Nestorian crosses are: the \"\"leaves\"\" (with their upward facing fronds) at the base of the cross, which symbolize the \"\"tree of life\"\" (the vitality of the tree is accentuated by its fruit-like protrusions); the second element is that each of the arms of the cross terminate in a pearl. Pearls played a central theme in Syriac devotional literature and iconography. The third",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14595217",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl (given name)\"\nPearl (given name) Pearl is a primarily feminine given name derived from the English word \"\"pearl,\"\" a hard, roundish object produced within the soft tissue of a living, shelled mollusk. Pearls are commonly used in jewelry-making. The pearl is the birthstone for the month of June. Pearls have been associated with innocence and modesty. Because it comes from the sea, it also has associations with the moon and with water. Pearls are also traditionally considered appropriate jewelry for debutantes and brides. Pearl came into popular use along with other gemstone names during the late Victorian Era. It may also have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11257494",
"chunk_text": "\"Jewish symbolism\"\nHeaven. Tekhelet corresponds to the color of the divine revelation (Midrash Numbers Rabbah xv.) Blue in Judaism has thus had an important significance throughout the history of Jewish culture up to the present. Blue was also associated with the ten commandments. When Moses and the elders went up the mount Sinai, they saw God standing on a Sapphire pavement (Blue) and the tables of the law were made of THE stone (i.e. Sapphire) and thus the blue on their garments was to be a permanent reminder of the law of God. \"\"Argaman\"\" was the symbol of power, and of glory,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5754218",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism)\"\nname of the book is derived from the Parable of the Pearl told by Jesus in Matthew 13. The Pearl of Great Price contains five sections: The Book of Moses begins with the \"\"Visions of Moses,\"\" a prologue to the story of the creation and the fall of man (Moses chapter 1), and continues with material corresponding to Smith's revision (JST) of the first six chapters of the Book of Genesis (Moses chapters 2–5, 8), interrupted by two chapters of \"\"extracts from the prophecy of Enoch\"\" (Moses chapters 6–7). Portions of the Book of Moses were originally published separately by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "12034603",
"chunk_text": "Jonah\nwas like a synagogue; the fish's eyes were like windows and a pearl inside its mouth provided further illumination. According to the Midrash, while Jonah was inside the fish, it told him that its life was nearly over because soon the Leviathan would eat them both. Jonah promised the fish that he would save them. Following Jonah's directions, the fish swam up alongside the Leviathan and Jonah threatened to leash the Leviathan by its tongue and let the other fish eat it. The Leviathan heard Jonah's threats, saw that he was circumcized, and realized that he was protected by the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15334644",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew 7:6\"\nthe region which kept them in large numbers. Pearls were a luxury of extreme value. Another question raised by this metaphor is what link there is between pearls and pigs. One suggestion is that a related metaphor is found in : \"\"Like a gold ring in a pig's snout is a beautiful woman without discretion.\"\". Alternatively the word pearls can be seen as a reference to the food prepared on holy days, which would never have been given to swine. Alternatively the metaphor may be a reference to the immense appetites of pigs, and to how enraged they will be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19411005",
"chunk_text": "\"Ablution in Christianity\"\nto biblical washings and anointings. The temple garment symbolizes the skins of clothing given to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and the \"\"new name\"\" is linked to Revelation 2:17, which states that God will give those who overcome \"\"a white stone with a new name written on it, known only to him who receives it.\"\" Ablution in Christianity Ablution, in religion, is a prescribed washing of part or all of the body of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication. In Christianity, both baptism and footwashing are forms of ablution.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19512482",
"chunk_text": "Babylon\nof them\"\"). Another story is given in Genesis 11, which describes a united human race, speaking one language, migrating to Shinar to establish a city and tower—the Tower of Babel. God halts construction of the tower by scattering humanity across the earth and confusing their communication so they are unable to understand each other in the same language. Babylon appears throughout the Hebrew Bible, including several prophecies and in descriptions of the destruction of Jerusalem and subsequent Babylonian captivity. Consequently, in Jewish tradition, Babylon symbolizes an oppressor against which righteous believers must struggle. In Christianity, Babylon symbolizes worldliness and evil.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_808
|
when did the song here comes the boom come out?
|
n/a
|
[
"May 2002",
"May 14, 2002"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "169710",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Boom\"\nHere Comes the Boom Here Comes the Boom is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by and starring Kevin James. It was also written by Allan Loeb and Rock Reuben with music by Rupert Gregson-Williams. The film co-stars Henry Winkler and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Happy Madison Productions. The film was released in the United States on October 12, 2012 by Columbia Pictures. The film's title is taken from the song \"\"Boom\"\" by Christian rock band P.O.D. Former Division I collegiate wrestler Scott Voss is a 42-year-old bored and disillusioned biology teacher at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4566284",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room)\"\nBoom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room) \"\"Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room)\"\" is the debut single by American singer and model Paul Lekakis. Originally released in 1987 on ZYX Records, then picked up by Polydor Records for a wider release, the song peaked at #43 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in the U.S. and at #60 on the UK Singles Chart in England. It fared better in other parts of the world, where the song spent five weeks at #1 on the ARIA Charts in Australia, from April 13 through May 11 of 1987. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9722598",
"chunk_text": "\"Here We Come (song)\"\nHere We Come (song) \"\"Here We Come\"\" is a song American producer/rapper Timbaland. It features frequent collaborators Missy Elliott and Magoo and serves as the lead single for Timbaland's solo debut album, \"\"\"\" (1998). The song also features background vocals by Playa and Darryl Pearson. While the song charted and was released via radio airplay on November 17, 1998, it was not granted a physical release in the United States until March 2, 1999; and in October 5, 1999 for Germany. The song utilizes the melody from the theme song of the 1967 Spider-Man TV series. The music video premiered",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18823064",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room)\"\nFifteen Minutes\"\", singing the song in 1987. In 2009, VH1 ranked \"\"Boom Boom\"\" #83 on its program \"\"100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s\"\". In 1992, the song was covered by Turkish singer Seden Gürel in Turkish as \"\"Bum Bum\"\" and in 2001, was covered by synthpop group Freezepop as \"\"Seven Boom Medley\"\", which combines the song with The Vengaboys' \"\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom\"\". Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room) \"\"Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room)\"\" is the debut single by American singer and model Paul Lekakis. Originally released in 1987 on ZYX Records, then",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1770930",
"chunk_text": "\"Johnny Got a Boom Boom\"\nJohnny Got a Boom Boom \"\"Johnny Got a Boom Boom\"\" is a song by Irish rockabilly musician Imelda May. Written solely by May, the song was released as her debut single, and lead single from her second studio album, \"\"Love Tattoo\"\", on 26 January 2009 on Ambassador Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Ireland. The song gained significant popularity in Ireland and the United Kingdom upon its release and launched May into mainstream success after her performance of the song on \"\"Later... with Jools Holland\"\" on 23 September 2008. The song is also featured on the 2010 comedy-action movie \"\"Wild",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16086201",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Summer\"\nHere Comes the Summer \"\"Here Comes the Summer\"\" is a punk rock song originally written and recorded by Northern Irish band the Undertones. The song was inspired by the Ramones and was written in 1978 by the band's principal songwriter, John O'Neill. It was included, initially as an album track, on their eponymous debut LP, which was released in May 1979. A faster version of \"\"Here Comes the Summer\"\" was recorded in mid-1979 and released on 13 July, reaching number 34 in the UK Singles Chart on 4 August that year. It was the Undertones fourth single and, at just",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1960031",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom (Snoop Dogg song)\"\nBoom (Snoop Dogg song) \"\"Boom\"\" is a song by West Coast rapper Snoop Dogg and serves as the second official single from his eleventh studio album \"\"Doggumentary\"\". The song features Grammy-winning artist T-Pain and was produced by Scott Storch. It was leaked on March 4, 2011, and officially released on March 8, 2011, along with the video, which was produced by Dylan Brown. This song with T-Pain is featured on the soundtrack for the video game \"\"Madden NFL 12\"\". Produced by Scott Storch, \"\"Boom\"\" contains an interpolation from the 1980s hit \"\"Situation\"\" by Yazoo. On March 19, 2011, \"\"Boom\"\" debuted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1666914",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Night\"\nHere Comes the Night \"\"Here Comes the Night\"\" is a 1964 song, written by Bert Berns. It became a hit for Northern Irish band Them, fronted by Van Morrison, in March 1965, charting at No. 2 in the UK and No. 24 in the US. Them's single is listed at either No. 33 or No. 36 in the Top 100 best-selling UK singles during the calendar year 1965, depending on source. The song was originally released as a single in both the UK and the US. by another Decca Records' artiste, Lulu, in November 1964. Lulu's recording charted at No.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15758326",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom Boom\"\nBoom Boom Boom \"\"Boom Boom Boom\"\" is a 1995 song by the American hip house duo The Outhere Brothers from their debut album \"\"1 Polish, 2 Biscuits & a Fish Sandwich\"\". The song peaked at number sixty-five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Outside the United States, \"\"Boom Boom Boom\"\" topped the charts in Germany, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. In the latter two countries, \"\"Boom Boom Boom\"\" became the duo's second chart-topping song. The original version of the song contained sexually explicit lyrics which were removed for the radio edit but were retained in remixes of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14151694",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Boom\"\ndisobey him\"\". Eric becomes the chef for her father's restaurant, which improves the business, so Malia's father is thankful to Scott. Once Malia sings Scott's theme song at the UFC fight, shown on TV, her father tearfully accepts that music is her true passion. In the closing scene, Niko and all of the students in Scott's citizenship class attend their American citizenship ceremony. Filming began on March 28, 2011, in and around the Boston, Massachusetts, area. Filming continued on through May 25, 2011, in Lowell and Quincy, Massachusetts, where it wrapped shortly thereafter, by early June 2011. On Rotten Tomatoes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20399346",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Rain\"\nHere Comes the Rain \"\"Here Comes the Rain\"\" is a song written by Raul Malo and Kostas, and recorded by American country music group The Mavericks. It was released in August 1995 as the first single from the album \"\"Music for All Occasions\"\". The song reached number 22 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 4 on the \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks chart in Canada. It also won The Mavericks the 1996 Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The music video was directed by Gerry Wenner and premiered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19295648",
"chunk_text": "\"The Boom\"\nThe Boom The Boom is a Japanese rock band. Its members are Kazufumi Miyazawa (vocals), Kobayashi Takashi (guitar), Yamakawa Hiromasa (bass guitar), and Tochigi Takao (drums). The four musicians, friends from Yamanashi Prefecture, formed the band in 1986 as a \"\"hokoten\"\" street band in Tokyo. They soon began getting club gigs and a record deal with Sony, with whom they released their first album, \"\"A Peacetime Boom\"\", in 1989. Vocalist Kazufumi Miyazawa who is the composer and lyricist for The Boom was inspired by the music of Okinawa. A single CD \"\"Shima Uta\"\" was released in 1993 with high sales,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1860147",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!\"\nBoom, Boom, Boom, Boom!! \"\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!\"\" is a song by the Dutch Eurodance group Vengaboys. It was released in June 1999 and re-released in June 2017 as a single. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart on 21 June 1999. The song peaked within the top ten in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland and Sweden. The song was written by Vengaboys producers Danski and Delmundo, with the first verse interpolating the ABBA song \"\"Lay All Your Love on Me\"\" written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "169724",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Boom\"\nbox office success. \"\"Here Comes the Boom\"\" was chosen as one of ten best films for family audiences by the 21st Annual Movieguide Awards on February 15, 2013. DVD was released in Region 1 in the United States on February 5, 2013, and also Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 18 March 2013, it was distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. Here Comes the Boom Here Comes the Boom is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by and starring Kevin James. It was also written by Allan Loeb and Rock Reuben with music by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "18646955",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom (P.O.D. song)\"\nBoom (P.O.D. song) \"\"Boom\"\" is a song by American rock band P.O.D. It was released in May 2002 as the third single from their second major label studio album \"\"Satellite\"\". While it did not chart as well as the album's previous singles, the song has appeared significantly in film and television. \"\"Boom (The Crystal Method remix)\"\" was included on the remix album \"\"Community Service\"\" and as a bonus track on the special edition re-release of \"\"Satellite\"\" available August 27, 2002. A limited edition, gatefold picture disc of the single was also available in the UK. Following the September 11, 2001",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1860151",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!\"\ncontaining malware had been used to gain remote control of computers; once in control, the attackers would \"\"torture\"\" their victims by playing \"\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom\"\". In 2012, US recording artist Rye Rye sampled the song in the chorus to her single \"\"Boom Boom\"\". It was also used during the credits of the last editions of the Jeux Sans Frontières in 1999. On 28 July 2000, Vengaboys performed the song twice at the Stadium Merdeka in Malaysia. Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!! \"\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!\"\" is a song by the Dutch Eurodance group Vengaboys. It was released in June 1999",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16142032",
"chunk_text": "\"Steve Azar\"\nshows on what was rated the No. 1 Tour in America by \"\"Pollstar Magazine\"\". Azar has written and recorded songs for film and has been music supervisor for a number of movies. \"\"Doin' It Right\"\" (Delta Mix) off of the 2011 release \"\"Delta Soul Volume One\"\" was the feature track for the Sony Pictures 2013 movie \"\"Here Comes The Boom\"\", starring Kevin James and Salma Hayek. Azar wrote \"\"Fly,\"\" the official song for the 2015 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in Vail. His performance at the opening ceremonies reached an audience of one billion households. \"\"Fly\"\" was also used as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16803918",
"chunk_text": "\"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\"\nUh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes) \"\"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\"\" is the Ashford & Simpson-penned, 1989 single by Roberta Flack. The single was the follow-up to her number one R&B hit, \"\"Oasis\"\". \"\"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\"\" stalled at number thirty-seven on the U.S. R&B singles chart, failing to chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. In addition, a remix of the single made it to number one on the dance club play chart for one week. Ashford & Simpson recorded the song themselves for the soundtrack of the 1998 film, Down In The Delta.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6461105",
"chunk_text": "\"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\"\nUh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes) \"\"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\"\" is the Ashford & Simpson-penned, 1989 single by Roberta Flack. The single was the follow-up to her number one R&B hit, \"\"Oasis\"\". \"\"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\"\" stalled at number thirty-seven on the U.S. R&B singles chart, failing to chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. In addition, a remix of the single made it to number one on the dance club play chart for one week. Ashford & Simpson recorded the song themselves for the soundtrack of the 1998 film, Down In The Delta.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14693356",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicka Boom\"\nChicka Boom \"\"Chicka Boom\"\" is a popular song written by Bob Merrill. The song was published in 1953 and appeared in the 1953 movie \"\"Those Redheads From Seattle.\"\" This was one of a number of Merrill's songs recorded by Guy Mitchell which were hits for him in 1953. The song went to #16 on the Cashbox charts in August 1953, staying there for 13 weeks. The song went to #4 on the UK charts in November 1953, staying there for 15 weeks. Not to be confused with either of two songs of a similar name, both called \"\"Chick-A-Boom\"\". \"\"Chick-A-Boom\"\" (Berns,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15717262",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Crash Opera\"\ntop 20 albums are \"\"Boom Crash Opera\"\", \"\"These Here Are Crazy Times\"\", and \"\"Fabulous Beast\"\". Their top 20 singles are \"\"Great Wall\"\", \"\"Hands up in the Air\"\" (both 1986), \"\"Onion Skin\"\" (1989) and \"\"Gimme\"\" (1994). In the United States \"\"Onion Skin\"\" reached No. 8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" component chart, Modern Rock Tracks. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, noted that the group had a \"\"strong visual image and the uncanny ability of its principal songwriters to pen catchy, commercial songs ensured a string of successful releases\"\". Boom Crash Opera were formed in early 1985 in Melbourne with a line up of Peter",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8959431",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes My Baby (Cat Stevens song)\"\nHere Comes My Baby (Cat Stevens song) \"\"Here Comes My Baby\"\" is a pop song written by Cat Stevens. It was first recorded and released as a single by The Tremeloes in January 1967, and became a hit in both the UK and U.S. at numbers 4 and 13, respectively. It appeared on Stevens' album \"\"Matthew and Son\"\", released in March 1967 (Stevens had recorded the song on February 1, 1967). Yo La Tengo covered the song on their 1990 album, \"\"Fakebook\"\". It was also covered by The Mavericks, whose version peaked at number 42 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8083840",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Bang-a-Bang\"\nBoom Bang-a-Bang \"\"Boom Bang-a-Bang\"\" was the United Kingdom entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 1969. It was sung by Lulu, and was co-written by Alan Moorhouse and Peter Warne (the latter also known as Michael Julien). It was the joint winner with three other entries: Salomé singing \"\"Vivo cantando\"\" for Spain, Lenny Kuhr singing \"\"De troubadour\"\" for the Netherlands, and Frida Boccara singing \"\"Un jour, un enfant\"\" for France. The song was the second consecutive entry with a nonsense title to win the contest (after Massiel's triumph in 1968 with \"\"La La La\"\"), and became infamous in the comedy world",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8907526",
"chunk_text": "\"The Boomin' System\"\nThe Boomin' System \"\"The Boomin' System\"\" is the first single released from LL Cool J's fourth album, \"\"Mama Said Knock You Out\"\". It was released on August 2, 1990, for Def Jam Recordings, produced by Marley Marl and co-produced by LL Cool J. \"\"The Boomin' System\"\" was the first of the six singles released from the album and reached No. 48 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. The song samples \"\"The Payback\"\" and \"\"Funky Drummer\"\" by James Brown and \"\"Bring the Noise\"\" by Public Enemy. This single is the only way to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10146336",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)\"\nas the title track for his 1992 album \"\"Boom Boom\"\" with Jimmie Vaughan. English rock band the Animals recorded \"\"Boom Boom\"\" for their 1964 UK debut album \"\"The Animals\"\". Their blues-rock rendition generally follows John Lee Hooker's original, although they add \"\"shake it baby\"\" as a response to the \"\"come on and shake\"\" refrain in the middle section, taken from Hooker's \"\"Shake It Baby\"\" (recorded during the 1962 American Folk Blues Festival tour in Europe, where it became a hit in 1963). The Animals' version was released as a single in North America in November 1964. It reached number 43",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1860148",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!\"\nIt was released to radio in the United States in June 1999 and re-released to radio in the United States in June 2017 and in the United Kingdom via Positiva Records and there were two versions of the CD single. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart for the week ending 20 June 1999. It has sold over 620,000 copies in the UK as of July 2014. The song received mixed reviews, though most were generally positive. It was named the fifth \"\"worst ever summer song\"\" in a survey conducted by Tony Blackburn and music e-tailer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1893311",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes Summer\"\nHere Comes Summer \"\"Here Comes Summer\"\" was a 1958 song, which was written and performed by Jerry Keller. The song was released on Kapp Records in the United States and London Records in the United Kingdom. In 1959 it spent 13 weeks on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, reaching No. 14, while spending one week at No. 1 on the UK's New Musical Express chart, and reaching No. 8 on Norway's VG-lista, and No. 4 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade. It was Keller's only hit either side of the Atlantic. A popular misconception is that this song quotes the line \"\"the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1084893",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom (RedOne song)\"\nBoom Boom (RedOne song) \"\"Boom Boom\"\" is a joint single by Moroccan artists RedOne and French Montana, Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee, and American singer Dinah Jane. The track was written by Edwin Serrano, Daddy Yankee, R. City, and the producers RedOne and \"\"T.I\"\" Jakke Erixson, with Modjo, Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of Modjo's \"\"Lady (Hear Me Tonight)\"\" (itself a reworking of Chic's \"\"Soup for One\"\"). The single was released digitally on October 27, 2017. An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Saïd C. Naciri and premiered through Daddy Yankee's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6368884",
"chunk_text": "\"Here She Comes\"\nHere She Comes \"\"For the Beach Boys' \"\"Here She Comes\"\" song see Carl and the Passions – \"\"So Tough\"\".\"\" \"\"Here She Comes\"\" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler for the soundtrack to the 1984 restoration version of the 1927 German film \"\"Metropolis\"\". It was released in 1984 by CBS Records, written by Giorgio Moroder and Peter Bellote, and produced by Moroder. Tyler re-recorded the song on her 2004 album \"\"Simply Believe\"\". The song charted highest in Austria, peaking at number 13. At the 27th Grammy Awards, \"\"Here She Comes\"\" was nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5341997",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom (Anastacia song)\"\nBoom (Anastacia song) \"\"Boom\"\" is a song by American recording artist Anastacia, which served as the official song for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Co-written with and produced by Glen Ballard, it was released as a single in Europe, Australia, and Asia in June 2002. The song was included on \"\"The Official Album of the 2002 FIFA World Cup\"\", as well as on the collectors edition of Anastacia's second studio album, \"\"Freak of Nature\"\". In 2014 MTV Italy declared it as the country's favorite World Cup song Directed by Marcos Siega, the music video for \"\"Boom\"\" was shot in London",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10674873",
"chunk_text": "\"Ray Foxx\"\nRay Foxx Ray Foxx (born 10 December 1985) is an English DJ and music producer who is best known for his hit single \"\"Boom Boom (Heartbeat)\"\" which has peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In July 2011 Ray Foxx released his debut single \"\"The Trumpeter\"\" through Defected Records. The track gained radio support from the likes of Annie Mac, Trevor Nelson, Zane Lowe and DJ Target. In September 2011 he re-released the single as \"\"La Musica\"\", featuring vocals from Lovelle. The new vocal version became his first charting single peaking at number 65 in the UK Singles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17785335",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerry Keller\"\n1970s and 1980s. He also appeared in the Joe Brooks films \"\"You Light Up My Life\"\" (1977) in a cameo role as an orchestra music director, and \"\"If Ever I See You Again\"\" (1978) in a larger role as the main character's business partner. Jerry Keller Jerry Paul Keller (born June 20, 1937) is an American pop singer and songwriter. He is best known for his 1958 million selling record, \"\"Here Comes Summer.\"\" Born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, Keller moved with his family to Tulsa, Oklahoma, when he was aged six, and Keller attended Tulsa's Will Rogers High School, graduating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11132666",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom Boom\"\ntrack on the single. Boom Boom Boom \"\"Boom Boom Boom\"\" is a 1995 song by the American hip house duo The Outhere Brothers from their debut album \"\"1 Polish, 2 Biscuits & a Fish Sandwich\"\". The song peaked at number sixty-five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Outside the United States, \"\"Boom Boom Boom\"\" topped the charts in Germany, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. In the latter two countries, \"\"Boom Boom Boom\"\" became the duo's second chart-topping song. The original version of the song contained sexually explicit lyrics which were removed for the radio edit but were retained",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1495580",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Come the Girls (song)\"\nHere Come the Girls (song) \"\"Here Come the Girls\"\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time. In 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14592802",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom Pow\"\nBoom Boom Pow \"\"Boom Boom Pow\"\" is a song by The Black Eyed Peas released as the lead single from their fifth studio album, \"\"The E.N.D\"\". \"\"Boom Boom Pow\"\" topped the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, making it the group's first U.S. number one single. It is the second longest-running single to stay atop the Hot 100 in 2009, beaten only by The Black Eyed Peas' second single from \"\"The E.N.D\"\", \"\"I Gotta Feeling\"\", which held the top spot for 14 consecutive weeks. It has also topped the Australian, Canadian and UK singles charts as well as reaching the top 10 in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18396819",
"chunk_text": "\"Ini Kamoze\"\nBusy Signal (\"\"Ta Da Bang\"\"). This was his second album released on the 9 Sound Clik label. Kamoze has also written a book on the history of Port Royal, and a play, \"\"Runnings\"\". His name means \"\"mountain of the true God\"\". Ini Kamoze Ini Kamoze (, born Cecil Campbell on 9 October 1957), is a Jamaican reggae artist who began his career in the early 1980s and returned to prominence in 1994 with the signature song \"\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\". The single topped the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 as well as record charts in Denmark and New Zealand, reaching number",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6498647",
"chunk_text": "\"Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)\"\nBoom Boom (John Lee Hooker song) \"\"Boom Boom\"\" is a song written by American blues singer/guitarist John Lee Hooker and recorded in 1961. Although a blues song, music critic Charles Shaar Murray calls it \"\"the greatest pop song he ever wrote\"\". \"\"Boom Boom\"\" was both an American R&B and pop chart success in 1962 as well as placing in the UK Singles Chart in 1992. The song is one of Hooker's most identifiable and enduring and \"\"among the tunes that every band on the [early 1960s UK] R&B circuit simply \"\"had\"\" to play\"\". It has been recorded by numerous blues",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1005506",
"chunk_text": "\"Here I Come (Fergie song)\"\nHere I Come (Fergie song) \"\"Here I Come\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Fergie for her debut studio album, \"\"The Dutchess\"\" (2006). It was written by Fergie, Will Adams, and William Robinson, Jr. while the production was helmed by Adams under his stage name will.i.am. The song was released as a single in Australia and New Zealand on January 19, 2008. \"\"Here I Come\"\" is a hip hop and soul song. It contains a compositional sample of \"\"Get Ready\"\", a song written by Smokey Robinson and performed by The Temptations. The critical reception of \"\"Here I Come\"\" was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16145082",
"chunk_text": "\"Ray Foxx\"\n13 on the Scottish Singles Chart. His follow-up single, \"\"Fireworks (Bang Bang)\"\", featuring vocalist and fellow Londoner J Warner, was released mid-December the same year. Ray Foxx Ray Foxx (born 10 December 1985) is an English DJ and music producer who is best known for his hit single \"\"Boom Boom (Heartbeat)\"\" which has peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In July 2011 Ray Foxx released his debut single \"\"The Trumpeter\"\" through Defected Records. The track gained radio support from the likes of Annie Mac, Trevor Nelson, Zane Lowe and DJ Target. In September 2011 he re-released the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5025814",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Lekakis\"\nPaul Lekakis Paul Lekakis (born October 22, 1966) is an American actor, model, filmmaker and club music / Hi-NRG singer, who was discovered for his musical and dancing skills at a nightclub while on assignment as a model in Italy. His debut single, “Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room)”, was released in 1987. The hit version was produced by the Italo disco producers Miki Chieregato, Tom Hooker and Roberto Turatti, with additional production by Ric Wake. The song was originally released on ZYX Records and peaked at #43 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, #60 on the UK Singles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5228884",
"chunk_text": "\"Ini Kamoze\"\nIni Kamoze Ini Kamoze (, born Cecil Campbell on 9 October 1957), is a Jamaican reggae artist who began his career in the early 1980s and returned to prominence in 1994 with the signature song \"\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\". The single topped the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 as well as record charts in Denmark and New Zealand, reaching number four on the UK Singles Chart. He made his first single, \"\"World Affairs\"\", in 1981. Kamoze then released a 12-inch single \"\"Trouble You A Trouble Me\"\"/\"\"General\"\" in 1983. His self-titled debut album was released in 1984 as a six track mini-LP",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6141781",
"chunk_text": "\"Blitzkrieg Bop\"\nBlitzkrieg Bop \"\"Blitzkrieg Bop\"\" is a song by the American punk rock band Ramones. It was released as the band's debut single in February 1976 in the United States. It appeared as the opening track on the band's debut album, \"\"Ramones\"\", that was released April 23, 1976. The song, whose composition was credited to the band as a whole, was written by drummer Tommy Ramone (music and lyrics) and bassist Dee Dee Ramone (lyrics). Based on a simple three-chord pattern, \"\"Blitzkrieg Bop\"\" opens with the chant \"\"Hey! Ho! Let's go!\"\" The song is popular at sporting events where \"\"Hey! Ho!",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1492107",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\nfor two weeks; it was also a number one hit in Denmark and New Zealand, and a top ten hit in twelve other countries. \"\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\" contains several samples, including vocals from \"\"The Champ\"\" by The Mohawks, \"\"Hot Pants\"\" by Bobby Byrd, and \"\"La Di Da Di\"\" by Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick. The song's instrumental samples the drums and bass from \"\"Heartbeat\"\" by Taana Gardner and guitar notes from \"\"Hung Up on My Baby\"\" by Isaac Hayes. The song uses the \"\"na na na na na...\"\" chorus from the Cannibal & the Headhunters cover of \"\"Land",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10686139",
"chunk_text": "\"Here You Come Again (song)\"\nHere You Come Again (song) \"\"Here You Come Again\"\" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, and recorded by American entertainer Dolly Parton, which topped the U.S. country singles chart for five weeks, and won the 1979 Grammy award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance; it also reached number three on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, representing Parton's first significant pop crossover hit. Having been composed by Mann and Weil, the song was a rare example of a Parton hit that she did not write herself. The songwriting duo originally composed \"\"Here You Come Again\"\" in 1975",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1492106",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\nHere Comes the Hotstepper \"\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by Jamaican dancehall artist Ini Kamoze. It was released as the lead single from his 1995 album \"\"Here Comes the Hotstepper\"\" as well as the soundtrack to the film \"\"Prêt-à-Porter\"\". It is best known for its \"\"na na na na na...\"\" chorus sampled from the Cannibal & the Headhunters cover of \"\"Land of a Thousand Dances\"\". The song was Kamoze's only song to reach the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 top 40 in the United States, reaching the number one position on December 17, 1994 and remaining there",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14839972",
"chunk_text": "Sh-Boom\nSh-Boom \"\"Sh-Boom\"\" (sometimes referred to as \"\"Life Could Be a Dream\"\") is an early doo-wop song. It was written by James Keyes, Claude Feaster, Carl Feaster, Floyd F. McRae, and James Edwards, members of the R&B vocal group the Chords and published in 1954. It was a U.S. top ten hit that year for both the Chords (who first recorded the song) and the Crew-Cuts. The song was first recorded on Atlantic Records' subsidiary label Cat Records by the Chords on March 15, 1954 and would be their only hit song. \"\"Sh-Boom\"\" reached #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B charts and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5629375",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes My Baby (Dottie West song)\"\nHere Comes My Baby (Dottie West song) \"\"Here Comes My Baby\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in June 1964 as the first single and title track from the album \"\"Here Comes My Baby\"\". West wrote the song with her then-husband Bill. \"\"Here Comes My Baby\"\" was the first song to be written and made famous by Dottie West. In 1964, Dottie West was trying to make it big in Nashville. She released a single the previous year called \"\"Let Me off at the Corner,\"\" which made the Top 40.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7159100",
"chunk_text": "\"Billy \"\"Crash\"\" Craddock\"\nBilly \"\"Crash\"\" Craddock Billy Wayne \"\"Crash\"\" Craddock (born June 16, 1939) is an American country and rockabilly singer. He first gained popularity in Australia in the 1950s with a string of rockabilly hits, including the Australian number one hit \"\"Boom Boom Baby\"\". Switching to country music, he gained popularity in United States in the 1970s with a string of top ten country hits, several of which were number one hits, including \"\"Rub It In\"\", \"\"Broken Down in Tiny Pieces\"\", and \"\"Ruby Baby\"\". Craddock is known to his fans as \"\"The King Of Country Rock Music\"\" and \"\"Mr. Country Rock\"\" for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5656807",
"chunk_text": "\"California, Here I Come\"\nYou, California\"\" was officially declared the state song in 1988. \"\"Casa Loma Stomp,\"\" recorded by Fletcher Henderson, is a set of jazz variations on the song, whose tune is clearly audible in the first few verses and gradually disappears under the increasing complexity of the variations. Freddy Cannon recorded this song on his debut 1960 album \"\"The Explosive Freddy Cannon\"\". Ray Charles recorded a cover of this song, which appears in his 1960 album The Genius Hits the Road. Dutch rock band The Shocking Blue refers to Jolson's original lyric in their own song, \"\"California Here I Come\"\" on their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15834603",
"chunk_text": "\"Here Comes Your Man\"\nHere Comes Your Man \"\"Here Comes Your Man\"\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies, written and sung by the band's frontman Black Francis. Produced by Gil Norton, it was released as the second single from the group's second album \"\"Doolittle\"\" in June 1989. Written by Black Francis as a teenager, \"\"Here Comes Your Man\"\" was recorded for the band's 1987 demo tape, but not included on either \"\"Come On Pilgrim\"\" or \"\"Surfer Rosa\"\", as the songwriter was reluctant about releasing the song. Critics saw \"\"Here Comes Your Man\"\" as the Pixies' breakthrough song; Jon Dolan of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_809
|
does archie end up with betty or veronica in riverdale?
|
n/a
|
[
"Betty"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003658",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nArchie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" is an American comic book story by writer Michael Uslan and artists Stan Goldberg and Bob Smith that was originally presented in \"\"Archie\"\" # 600–606. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years that follow his college graduation when Archie makes his ultimate decision to marry Veronica Lodge instead of Betty Cooper. In Issues # 603–605, the story switches and Archie proposes marriage to Betty instead of to Veronica. Issue #606 serves as the epilogue to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483942",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nruns into Veronica (who returned from Europe) & Reggie, and learn they are engaged. On their ride home, Archie says he believes it is wrong, but Betty thinks that he is wishing it was him who had proposed to Veronica. Archie then explains he is worried that the marriage is based on money only and will end badly, hurting both of his friends. Betty accepts his statement and they make up. As the next few months pass, Archie & Betty become two of the most popular teachers at Riverdale High, and as Betty's pregnancy advances, they start to spend less",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14811513",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie (comic book)\"\na love letter in the mail and Betty and Veronica both swear it wasn't from them. The story was continued in Betty #19, Betty and Veronica #82, and concluded with Veronica #39. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years that follow his college graduation when Archie makes his ultimate decision to marry spoiled rich girl Veronica Lodge instead of sweet girl next door Betty Cooper. In Issues # 603–605, the story switches and Archie proposes marriage to Betty instead of to Veronica. Issue #606 serves as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003692",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nof other futures and in each one Archie is married to a different woman. Some of these futures had Archie being married to Cheryl Blossom, Sabrina Spellman, and even Josie. Seeing these futures Valerie runs out of Memory Lane and happily reunites with Archie. Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" is an American comic book story by writer Michael Uslan and artists Stan Goldberg and Bob Smith that was originally presented in \"\"Archie\"\" # 600–606. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483926",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nand Veronica begin Lamaze class, which proves to be a slapstick disaster for Archie. One night when Veronica's ill, Jughead fills in for her replete with a pillow under his shirt and hilarity ensues. Despite all of this, Archie promises to be calm when the big day arrives. Shortly thereafter, Veronica goes into labor and he drives her to the hospital. Soon, Veronica delivers a a pair of fraternal twins, a redheaded boy named Archie, and a black haired girl named Veronica. Time passes and Archie and Veronica move back to Riverdale and buy a minivan. Parenting is exhausting for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483944",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nof honor at their wedding. After making some arrangements, Veronica managed to hire a jet for the gang and employed the nurses to take care of Archie's twins so that they can all attend their wedding. Reggie and Veronica marries. As Archie & Betty adjust to parenthood, life goes on in Riverdale. Jughead & Midge are soon expecting a child of their own. Mr. Weatherbee & Miss Grundy along with Miss Beazley & Mr. Svenson have started dating. Archie & Betty receive a postcard from Veronica & Reggie detailing all of their world travels and new ventures. Betty comments to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17263403",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nmagazines that depict a future timeline in which Archie marries Veronica, Betty and Reggie are portrayed as a loving couple. It has been hinted they may be planning to get married. Betty's relationship with Jughead Jones has mostly been that of close confidant and close friend, as they normally discuss their issues more candidly with each other than anyone else; Jughead will provide commentary on her feelings for Archie, and Betty will attempt to \"\"better\"\" Jughead, by getting rid of his slothful attitude and laziness. Once when she had a sprained ankle, Veronica told both Archie and Jughead to visit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17263409",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\ncloser to the newest werewolf of Riverdale, Jughead. Archie convinces her to try curing Jughead with wolfsbane, which initially works until it wears off and results in Reggie's death. Jughead leaves town because he knows Betty won't give him a second chance. Betty sets out to find him with the help of Archie and her cousin Bo, with backing by her aunt, the Cooper family matriarch, Elena. Betty appears as a main character in \"\"Life with Archie: The Married Life\"\". In \"\"Archie Loves Veronica\"\", she runs a catering business while her boyfriend, Reggie Mantle, runs a repair shop. They both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483925",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nArchie announces Veronica's pregnancy to his parents, while Jughead, Reggie, and Moose burst in with congratulations. Archie then breaks the news to Mr. Lodge, who immediately has his will changed to bestow his most prized possession, his own childhood sled, to his grandchild. Meanwhile, Veronica flies to New York City to meet with Betty at a run-down diner. Betty hasn't been faring well in the city as she's recently been laid off and her relationship with Henry has ended. Veronica announces that she is pregnant and asks Betty to be the godmother, to which she agrees. Two trimesters later, Archie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003688",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nwith Betty, Archie mishears Betty and thinks she said \"\"Friday\"\". Later he asks Veronica for a date on the same night and she says yes. When Saturday night arrives, Archie realizes he asked both Betty and Veronica out on the same night. The girls arrived in anger and poured milkshakes on his head. The next day, Betty and Veronica are still mad at Archie, but Jughead comforts him and says one of them will eventually forgive him. Archie decides to apologize to both of them and take control of his own future. When talking about the future, Archie asks Jughead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483928",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nthe door. He walks up Memory Lane and comes to the yellow wood and begins walking down the right fork in the road. \"\"Will You Marry Me?\"\" is Part 4 in the 6 issue story arc, in which Archie Andrews proposed to Betty Cooper after college in an alternate reality. Archie, still in his winter coat from his walk during the first snow of the season, arriving back in time right before his college graduation. Archie then rushes home to get ready for graduation, and the ceremony proceeds much as it did in Part 1, with Dilton giving the valedictorian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17537537",
"chunk_text": "\"Veronica Lodge\"\nin Comics\"\" list created by Brent Frankenhoff. Veronica enjoys a very posh lifestyle, as her family are among the richest people in the world. She nevertheless chooses to hang out with her less affluent friends, including the boy she is in love with, Archie Andrews, whom she nicknames \"\"Archiekins\"\". Her level of interest in him varies, however. Mr. Lodge often has nightmares that Veronica and Archie will marry. In 2009, Archie Comics published a storyline that followed this possible future, marrying Veronica to Archie in one universe and to Reggie in another. Veronica's best friend (and sometimes arch-rival) is Betty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003663",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\non an engagement ring for Veronica a few weeks later in New York. He proposes to her just as Betty and Jughead happen to walk by and witness. Veronica accepts, while Betty runs weeping in an unknown direction. Eventually, Archie and Veronica tell Mr. Lodge, who accepts Archie as his future son-in-law as long as he works for Lodge Industries. Archie accepts while his fiancee plans the biggest wedding Riverdale has ever seen. Jughead later chastises Archie for not telling him his plan, and advised him not to go near Betty for a while, so that she will be able",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9058271",
"chunk_text": "\"Love Showdown (Archie Comics)\"\nand Reggie, respectively. However, Jughead asks Jason, Cheryl's twin brother, to be Betty's date and this causes Archie to become jealous. After Archie makes of fool of himself, Cheryl dumps him and Betty and Veronica go to comfort Jason after he gives him a black eye. Then after having a nightmare depicting Jason and Betty so in love with each other, Archie decides that Betty is the only girl for him and vows to tell her before it is too late. Upon finding her at Riverdale High he learns that Jason got on her nerves so much she almost gave",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19786240",
"chunk_text": "\"Veronica Lodge\"\ngave Betty a candy bar containing nuts (which Betty is allergic to), so that Veronica could steal her modeling job. Veronica is often seen scheming to get Archie from Betty whenever she spots the two dating. Occasionally she is victorious, but usually Betty manages to successfully take revenge on her. Also, Archie occasionally has stood up to Veronica and stuck with Betty. Her other friends include Ethel Muggs, Midge Klump and Nancy Woods, and they all enjoy having slumber parties and shopping at the mall together. Aside from Archie, Veronica's cannon boyfriend on the CW's Riverdale, is Jughead Jones ,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17263406",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nCheryl Blossom, especially in Cheryl's own title. However, at other times, Betty and Veronica regard the seductive Cheryl as a threat because she tries to lure Archie away from them, and the two best friends unite against Cheryl to protect their interests. Jason Blossom, Cheryl's twin brother, is sometimes seen to have genuine interest towards Betty, which makes Archie jealous. In the late 90s, Betty started dating Adam Chisholm. It was thought by some people that Betty had chosen Adam over Archie. This event made Archie jealous and he concentrated his attention on Betty, ignoring Veronica, as he always does",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483919",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nburger joint on Staten Island while his girlfriend Midge Klump will be running her own nail salon in Bayonne, New Jersey. Dilton Doiley is going to M.I.T. for his doctorate in quantum mechanics, Reggie Mantle will become a used car salesman in Atlanta and Jughead Jones will stick around Riverdale grilling burgers at Pop Tate's Choklit Shoppe until he \"\"figures things out\"\". Finally, Betty Cooper will be working as a buyer at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York City. After the party, Archie is given a large sum of money by his parents which he uses for the down payment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483943",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\ntime with his friends.One day, as Archie plans to go for a bike ride, Betty goes into labor. In panic, instead of an ambulance, Archie calls the water department. After a few obstacles, Betty is rushed to the maternity ward, and soon gives birth to fraternal twins; a red haired boy named Archie and a blonde haired girl named Betty. Soon, the Coopers and the Andrews arrive along with all their friends and colleagues. Archie and Betty ask Jughead, Veronica and Reggie to be the twins' godparents, while Reggie & Veronica ask them to be their best man and maid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003660",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nand that the first half of the story would show Archie's life with Veronica, and the second half would show his life with Betty. \"\"The Proposal\"\" is Part 1 in the 6 issue story arc, in which Archie decides to marry Veronica. The night before the gang's graduation from Riverdale High, The Archies play their final concert and mourn the oncoming changes. Archie comes home and after getting heat from his father about picking a college, he takes a walk down Memory Lane... literally. Archie realizes he's never walked up Memory Lane before and switches directions. After traveling through a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939774",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Andrews\"\nbut due to her popularity, she was brought back in \"\"Love Showdown\"\", a four-part mini-series in which Archie attempts to make a decision between Cheryl, Betty, and Veronica. Despite the efforts of both Cheryl and Veronica, he surprisingly chose Betty, much to her delight. On May 15, 2009, Archie Comics announced that Archie would finally pick one of the girls to marry, in a story arc in \"\"Archie\"\" #600–606 (Aug. 2009 – Feb. 2010). However, Archie Comics publicly revealed this to be a dream sequence to show two possible futures: one where Archie marries Veronica (issues 600–602), and the other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17263401",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nVeronica. Although the two are often involved in disputes over Archie or something else that evokes jealousy, they have remained the best of friends since their childhood. The two have commented that Jughead and Archie's friendship could not compare to theirs. In many stories, Betty and Veronica team up or help each other despite Veronica's jealousy and bitterness towards her. Betty's other female friends include Ethel Muggs, Midge Klump, and Nancy Woods, all of whom share common interests and group activities such as shopping and cheer-leading. Frequently, Betty has been shown to date Reggie Mantle early on in the titles'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939773",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Andrews\"\nto be his girlfriend. Archie is always fighting for her affection with his rival, Reggie Mantle, and occasionally other boys. Veronica keeps Archie guessing, never letting him take her for granted. Betty, on the other hand, clearly lets Archie know she adores him. With Veronica playing hard to get and Betty playing easy to get, Archie fights to keep Veronica, knowing that devoted Betty will always be available for him. A third love interest is a wealthy red-headed girl named Cheryl Blossom. At first, she was deemed too sexual and a bit promiscuous and was taken out of the series,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4141230",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty and Veronica (comic book)\"\nStories center around the daily life in Riverdale, which includes school, sports, part-time jobs, and romance. Most stories usually feature the two young women as they fight for Archie's affections. On occasion, stories will delve into more serious subjects such as divorce or cheating. In 2007, a new realistic look for the characters was experimented with but by 2008 the characters had reverted to their traditional appearances. At New York Comic Con in 2013, Archie Comics announced that Betty and Veronica would leave Riverdale in \"\"Farewell, Betty and Veronica\"\" written by Michael Uslan with art by Dan Parent, and that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003689",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nif he ever thought about buying Pop's place after he retires. However, Jughead denies this, saying he will have to think about the future and prefers to live in the present. The success of the Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty storyline led to the comic series, \"\"Life with Archie: The Married Life\"\", and a similar storyline called \"\"Archie Marries Valerie\"\", depicting Archie marrying Valerie from Josie and the Pussycats, shown in \"\"Archie\"\" #631-634. \"\"Life with Archie: The Married Life\"\" was based on the \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" storyline, but was not a direct continuation on it. The series lasted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15976880",
"chunk_text": "\"Life with Archie\"\nthat Archie cares about. Archie refuses to back down, realizing he belongs with Betty. When Veronica discovers what her father has been doing, she tries to help stop him. A triple wedding is held, for, respectively, Mr. Weatherbee/Miss Grundy, Mr. Svenson/Miss Beazly, and Jughead Jones/Midge Klump. Six weeks after her wedding, Mrs. Weatherbee (formerly Miss Grundy) succumbs to renal failure and passes away. Her death makes Betty and Archie realize they belonged in Riverdale, and they finally accept teaching jobs at their alma mater. With the retirement of Mr. and Mrs. Svenson from their jobs as custodian and lunch room",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939775",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Andrews\"\nBetty (603–605). In both, he has twins: a boy also named Archie who looks like him, and a girl named after and resembling whichever girl he married. Issue 606 was an epilogue to \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" that returns to the comics' old format. In \"\"Archie\"\" # 608 (May 2010), Archie began a relationship with Valerie Brown, making her Archie's first girlfriend of African descent. The Archies and Josie and the Pussycats were touring together and, while rehearsing, Archie and Valerie secretly fell in love as they co-wrote the song \"\"More Than Words\"\" that described their feelings. Issue #609",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483923",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nalways enjoyed dating her, until Veronica came. Archie tells Betty that he loves her like a sister and asks her to promise to always be his friend, which comforts Betty. The wedding goes smoothly. Archie and Veronica become husband and wife as Betty looks on tearfully, but happily. At the reception, Archie and Veronica share their first dance, speeches are made, the cake is cut, and the bouquet is tossed. Betty catches it and walks away trying to hide her tears. Veronica catches up to her to make sure she's okay. Archie and Veronica then depart on their honeymoon to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483932",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\ncomfort her. but she also breaks his mortarboard over his head. Veronica screams at Archie, claiming he missed his chance, but Archie defends his engagement to Betty in turn claiming that \"\"she\"\" was the one who missed her chance with him. Veronica leaves in anger and disbelief. Archie and Betty tell both their parents about the engagement. The Andrews are very pleased with their son's choice of “marrying for love, not money”, while the Coopers are also very happy. Betty then tells them that they plan to have a small, inexpensive wedding at Pop Tate's. Meanwhile, Veronica cries on her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939772",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Andrews\"\nhe frequently takes her for granted. He often thinks of her more as a close friend and confidant; he likes it that he can use her as a back-up when he does not have a date with Veronica. He dislikes it when Betty dates other boys, wanting her to stay available as his second choice. Now that Betty sporadically dates Jason Blossom and Adam Chisholm, Archie shows a tinge of jealousy. Archie is married to Betty in Archie Marries Betty: Life With Archie series and is married to Veronica in Archie Marries Veronica: Life with Archie series. Archie considers Veronica",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12812507",
"chunk_text": "\"Life with Archie\"\nMeanwhile, Archie is surprised by Mr. Lodge's appearance at a sold out show. Apparently, Veronica has been unhappy since Archie chose Betty over her, and has been unable to concentrate on her work at Lodge Industries. Hiram Lodge proposes Archie leave Betty to make Veronica happy, enraging Archie, who demands Lodge never reappear in his life again. Back in Riverdale at Pop Tate's, Fred and Mary Andrews, and Hal and Alice Cooper are in the midst of discussing their children, as Mr. Weatherbee and Miss Grundy enter the establishment together. Miss Grundy quietly informs Mr. Weatherbee that her doctor had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483929",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\naddress. After graduation, Archie, Reggie, and Jughead drive to Pop Tate's Choklit Shoppe for a party. Reggie comments on how unlikely marriage is after college. Jughead is relieved at this statistic, but Archie seems optimistic and announces that he has finally made his choice between Veronica and Betty, but wants to talk \"\"to the girls first.” Upon entering Pop's, Betty asks Archie for a dance, but he has Veronica on the brain and Betty points him in her direction. Veronica, surrounded by a group of handsome young men, is telling about a graduation trip around the world in 80 days.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939776",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Andrews\"\nrevealed that this relationship had seeped into common knowledge by the end of the tour. Archie and Valerie were forced apart when the Pussycats were touring Europe without the Archies, but hoped to keep their relationship going. In the comic \"\"Archie Marries Valerie\"\", Valerie is expecting a baby with Archie, whom they name Star. Jughead Jones has been Archie's best friend ever since childhood. When Jughead first came to Riverdale, he was in a bad mood and tended to dismiss Archie. However, Archie, of good heart, tried to cheer up Jughead and the two have been inseparable ever since. Jughead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003691",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\ndifferences. For instance, Valerie was the one who walked up Memory Lane instead of Archie and she could see the future in portals rather than actually experiencing it. She sees a future in where she marries Archie, then they both quit their respective bands due to their touring schedules keeping them apart, and later have a little girl named Star who is gifted with her parents' musical talent. However, she decides to stop watching it after she sees that they cannot get a moment's peace due to Star becoming an object of attention for the media. Then she witness glimpses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483941",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nshe's pregnant, and Archie chokes on the malt and faints. \"\"Happily Ever After\"\" is Part 6 in the 6 issue story arc. Archie & Betty meets up with Jughead & Midge and are shocked to learn that they are now married, fearing that Moose will kill them. However, Moose, who is now the custodian at Riverdale High, has been practicing yoga and meditation and is less hot-tempered than before. Archie and Betty learn that Pop Tate is retiring and has sold the Chok'lit Shoppe to Jughead and Midge and it has been renamed \"\"Juggie's\"\". At the new Juggie's, the gang",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4835352",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Meets the Punisher\"\nStates government, the government asks Punisher to locate and return him alive. Red escapes from Punisher in New York City, fleeing to Riverdale, where he adopts a new alias and uses his legitimate business interests to take shelter at the home of wealthy industrialist Hiram Lodge, who is unaware of Red's criminal history. Red draws the attention of Hiram's teenage daughter Veronica because his appearance is very similar to her frequent suitor, Archie Andrews. To get back at Archie for accidentally ruining their date to the school dance that night, Veronica asks Red to take her instead. Meanwhile, Punisher and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483939",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nabout Archie's clothes and talent. Archie tries to defend himself, but Betty tries to pass it off as a joke. However, when he tries to insult Archie again, Betty loses it and tells him she would punch him if she wasn't as classy as her husband, and quits her job on the spot. The two decide to move back to Riverdale, and Archie willingly gives up his thriving music career. The next day, while packing their bags, Cassie shows up at their apartment and tries convincing her to stay on in her job. However, Betty thanks her and says she",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483931",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\ndecides to talk with Betty instead. Archie reminds Betty of how they first met and were always friends, and said he can never fit into Veronica's high society world. Betty assumes he's going to ask her to “go steady,” but instead Archie proposes to her. Betty, in shock for a moment, jumps for joy and accepts. Archie and Betty kiss as Veronica watches in awe and disgust. Midge swoons at the romantic moment and prods her longtime boyfriend, Moose for a similar proposal, but he makes a joke instead. She slams his mortarboard over his head. Meanwhile, Reggie tries to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12812503",
"chunk_text": "\"Life with Archie\"\nnew stories, based on a concept created by Michael Uslan. Since the makeover, the series has somewhat fallen under the genre of soap opera. Lodge—A complaint!: Mr. Lodge gives his daughter an Executive position at Lodge Industries, making her Archie's boss. After the announcement, Reggie, Archie and Veronica will attend a reunion party at Pop's, at which they hope to see Betty, who believes she is a failure due to losing her job and being unable to find true love. Just before the party, Midge Klump breaks up with Moose Mason. Upon reaching Pop's, she meets Jughead Jones, who sees",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939762",
"chunk_text": "\"Reggie Mantle\"\ninterests still lie with Veronica and Archie. The \"\"Life with Archie\"\" series looks to a future where Archie marries Veronica and Betty and Reggie are a loving couple. It has been hinted that they are thinking about getting married. In the rare occasions when Reggie is genuinely trying to help someone, the others usually believe he has nefarious motives, and are wary of trusting him. Reggie is insanely jealous of anyone else but him being in the spotlight, and will sometimes deliberately cause them trouble to get what he wants. Reggie is also known to date Cheryl Blossom occasionally. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003687",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nby Robert Frost. \"\"Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow\"\" is the epilogue that ends the series. After his experiences walking up Memory Lane, Archie tries talking about it to Betty and Veronica, but they are both too busy to talk to him. Needing to talk to someone about it, he tells Reggie and Jughead about his strange visions. Reggie dismisses his experiences, while Jughead believes him. Archie decides to go bowling with Reggie and Jughead to clear his mind from his experience. When Betty arrives Archie asks her out on Saturday night, which she accepts. However, as he was overwhelmed with the kiss",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14811514",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie (comic book)\"\nthe epilogue to the story and ties the previous six issues together. This two-issue arc follows Archie Andrews and Valerie Smith falling in love when their two bands go on tour together. This is Archie Comics' first interracial relationship. The four issue arc follows a potential future where Archie married Valerie Smith and had a daughter with her named Star. It is similar to the \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" arc. Issue #634 details a bunch of potential futures where Archie may have married Cheryl Blossom, Sabrina Spellman or Ethel Muggs. Archie and his friends cross paths with the cast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17537531",
"chunk_text": "\"Veronica Lodge\"\nVeronica Lodge Veronica Lodge is one of the main characters in the Archie Comics franchise, including The CW's \"\"Riverdale\"\". Veronica Lodge is the only child of Hiram Lodge, the richest man in Riverdale, and his wife Hermione Lodge. She is called both by her name \"\"Veronica\"\" and her nicknames \"\"Ronnie\"\" and \"\"Ron.\"\" Bob Montana knew the Lodge family, because he had once painted a mural for them. Montana combined that name with actress Veronica Lake to create the character of Veronica Lodge. Her character was added in Pep Comics 38, just months after Archie Andrews, Betty Cooper, and Jughead Jones",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483940",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nalready has a great future with Archie back in their hometown. Cassie wishes them well. Back in Riverdale, Archie and Betty temporarily move in with Archie's parents. Mr. Weatherbee has a teaching position available for Betty, and also offers Archie a position of the school's music teacher, which he accepts. That night, Archie and Betty celebrate their first anniversary with a romantic dinner and share a malt with three straws in it. Archie, confused and thinking that Veronica would be joining them, is told that the third straw isn't for her, but for someone he will love. Betty tells him",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483933",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nfather's shoulder, but he assures her that there are plenty of men out there and “things always work out for the best.” All of Riverdale is gossiping about the upcoming nuptials, and whether Veronica's fortune should be a factor. On the night of Archie's bachelor party at Pop Tate's, his groomsmen, Jughead, Reggie, Moose, Dilton, and Chuck express concern for Veronica and her place among Betty's bridesmaids. Meanwhile, Betty goes to the Lodge estate and asks Veronica to be her maid of honor, who promptly slams the door in her face. However, after seeing her so upset, Veronica agrees and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18483922",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nthat moment takes up her position as Veronica's maid of honor. Betty brings along a “friend” of hers named Henry who works with her. Ethel states that he reminds her of Archie as Betty rushes him out the door. On the eve of the wedding, Archie and Veronica discuss their future. The big day comes and everything seems to be going as planned, with all of Riverdale attending the wedding. Before the ceremony, Archie asks Betty to take a walk with him. He tells her that she was his first friend when his family moved to Riverdale and how he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18577772",
"chunk_text": "\"Harley & Ivy Meet Betty & Veronica\"\npositive reviews for its lighthearted plot. In the story, Harley and Ivy accidentally switch bodies with Veronica and Betty. While Harley and Ivy try to stop Veronica's father from destroying a swamp in Riverdale, Betty and Veronica have to find their way back home while being chased by the Gotham City police and criminals. Continuing the trend of unusual crossovers between Archie Andrews and other characters in comics such as \"\"Archie Meets the Punisher\"\" (1994) and \"\"Archie vs. Predator\"\" (2015), an intercompany publication with DC Comics was announced in July 2017. Co-written by Marc Andreyko and Paul Dini, the series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17263398",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nshe prefers to swim underwater. Contrary to the \"\"dumb blonde\"\"-stereotype, Betty actually has an above-average intelligence and is one of the smartest students at Riverdale High School, along with Dilton Doiley. In one story she won an award and was sent to compete in New York and has won numerous academic awards. At one point, she gained ESP when an encyclopedia accidentally fell on her head. This ability took away all hope for the future; Archie asked Veronica for a date, but Betty knew that Archie would dump Veronica for her. Betty lost her ESP power when a ball that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10394672",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty and Veronica (Veronica Mars)\"\nFields. This episode marks Ruggiero's fifth writing credit for the show as well as Fields's second directing credit (after \"\"The Wrath of Con\"\"). The episode's title is a joking reference to two characters from Archie Comics: Betty Cooper and Veronica Lodge. At Pan High, Veronica calls herself \"\"Betty\"\" and says that she is a transfer from \"\"Riverdale High\"\", the name of a school and town in the comic strip. In addition, this episode features appearances by several recurring characters, including Veronica's mother Lianne (Corinne Bohrer), Duncan's parents, Celeste (Lisa Thornhill) and Jake Kane (Kyle Secor), Leo D'Amato (Max Greenfield) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13742949",
"chunk_text": "\"Midge Klump\"\nwith include Nancy Woods and Big Ethel. Her relationship with them is much more stable than with the boys, though Veronica's constant bragging gets on her nerves. In the\"\" Archie Marries Betty\"\" storyline, which takes place in a possible future, Midge finally tires of Moose's jealousy and breaks up with him for good. She subsequently becomes close to Jughead (who now owns the Chock'lit Shoppe), and they soon fall in love. Later in the story, it's revealed that they're now married, and Midge is pregnant with their first child. In the Riverdale Rescue game, Midge is one of a few",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11003664",
"chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nto get over with and move on. The residents of Riverdale are overwhelmed with shock that Archie finally chose between his two girlfriends, but also concerned with Betty's well being. Veronica calls Betty and asks her to be her maid of honor. Instead of answering, Betty simply leaves the phone on her bed. \"\"The Wedding\"\" is Part 2 in the 6 issue story arc. Archie is preparing for his upcoming nuptials with his groomsmen. Meanwhile, Veronica is treating her bridesmaids to a day at the spa. Veronica is sad that Betty Cooper is not there, but Betty shows up at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_810
|
who wrote most of the declaration of independance?
|
n/a
|
[
"Thomas Jefferson"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "9637814",
"chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms\"\nthe late Violation of it\"\", and will \"\"lay them down when Hostilities shall cease on the part of the Aggressors\"\". The very first sentence of the declaration includes a condemnation of slavery. In the 19th century, the authorship of the Declaration was disputed. In a collection of his works first published in 1801, John Dickinson took credit for writing the Declaration. This claim went unchallenged by Thomas Jefferson until many years later, when Jefferson was nearly 80 years old. In his autobiography, Jefferson claimed that he wrote the first draft, but Dickinson objected that it was too radical, and so",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3038953",
"chunk_text": "\"Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\nPhysical history of the United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were no longer a part of the British Empire, exists in a number of drafts, handwritten copies, and published broadsides. The earliest known draft of the Declaration of Independence is a fragment known as the \"\"Composition Draft.\"\" The draft, written in July 1776, is in the handwriting of Thomas Jefferson, principal author of the Declaration. It was discovered in 1947 by historian Julian P. Boyd in the Jefferson papers at the Library",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11873956",
"chunk_text": "\"All men are created equal\"\nasked Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman to write the Declaration of Independence. This Committee of Five voted to have Thomas Jefferson write the document. After Jefferson finished he gave the document to Franklin to proof. Franklin suggested minor changes, one of which stands out far more than the others: \"\"We hold these truths to be sacred and un-deniable...\"\" became \"\"We hold these truths to be self-evident.\"\" The second paragraph of the United States Declaration of Independence starts as follows: The Virginia Declaration of Rights, chiefly authored by George Mason and approved by the Virginia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6372592",
"chunk_text": "\"Gouverneur Morris\"\nGouverneur Morris Gouverneur Morris I (30 January 1752 – 6 November 1816) was an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He wrote the Preamble to the United States Constitution and has been called the \"\"Penman of the Constitution.\"\" In an era when most Americans thought of themselves as citizens of their respective states, Morris advanced the idea of being a citizen of a single union of states. He represented New York in the United States Senate from 1800 to 1803. Morris was born into",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16016650",
"chunk_text": "\"Thomas Jefferson\"\nThomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. Jefferson",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
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"chunk_id": "3571346",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nnature, it is an American patriot, signing resolutions of independency with the one hand, and with the other brandishing a whip over his affrighted slaves.\"\" In the 19th century, the Declaration took on a special significance for the abolitionist movement. Historian Bertram Wyatt-Brown wrote that \"\"abolitionists tended to interpret the Declaration of Independence as a theological as well as a political document\"\". Abolitionist leaders Benjamin Lundy and William Lloyd Garrison adopted the \"\"twin rocks\"\" of \"\"the Bible and the Declaration of Independence\"\" as the basis for their philosophies. \"\"As long as there remains a single copy of the Declaration of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "7686526",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\ntheir rival Federalists by promoting both the importance of the Declaration and Jefferson as its author. Federalists responded by casting doubt on Jefferson's authorship or originality, and by emphasizing that independence was declared by the whole Congress, with Jefferson as just one member of the drafting committee. Federalists insisted that Congress's act of declaring independence, in which Federalist John Adams had played a major role, was more important than the document announcing it. But this view faded away, like the Federalist Party itself, and, before long, the act of declaring independence became synonymous with the document. A less partisan appreciation",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6271156",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nthe reign of an unjust king. The Scottish Declaration of Arbroath (1320) and the Dutch Act of Abjuration (1581) have also been offered as models for Jefferson's Declaration, but these models are now accepted by few scholars. Jefferson wrote that a number of authors exerted a general influence on the words of the Declaration. English political theorist John Locke is usually cited as one of the primary influences, a man whom Jefferson called one of \"\"the three greatest men that have ever lived\"\". In 1922, historian Carl L. Becker wrote, \"\"Most Americans had absorbed Locke's works as a kind of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_id": "1163127",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nNew Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Lee Resolution for independence was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. The Committee of Five had drafted the Declaration to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14312718",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nits original purpose in announcing the independence of the United States. Early celebrations of Independence Day largely ignored the Declaration, as did early histories of the Revolution. The \"\"act\"\" of declaring independence was considered important, whereas the \"\"text\"\" announcing that act attracted little attention. The Declaration was rarely mentioned during the debates about the United States Constitution, and its language was not incorporated into that document. George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights was more influential, and its language was echoed in state constitutions and state bills of rights more often than Jefferson's words. \"\"In none of these",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "12895062",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nJefferson wrote that Congress had \"\"mangled\"\" his draft version, but the Declaration that was finally produced was \"\"the majestic document that inspired both contemporaries and posterity,\"\" in the words of his biographer John Ferling. Congress tabled the draft of the declaration on Monday, July 1 and resolved itself into a committee of the whole, with Benjamin Harrison of Virginia presiding, and they resumed debate on Lee's resolution of independence. John Dickinson made one last effort to delay the decision, arguing that Congress should not declare independence without first securing a foreign alliance and finalizing the Articles of Confederation. John Adams",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13419757",
"chunk_text": "\"George Childress\"\nGeorge Childress George Campbell Childress (January 8, 1804 – October 6, 1841) was a lawyer, politician, and a principal author of the Texas Declaration of Independence. Childress was born on January 8, 1804 in Nashville, Tennessee, to John Campbell Childress and Elizabeth Robertson Childress. In 1826 he attended and graduated from Davidson Academy. Two years later, he was admitted to the Tennessee Bar. George C. Childress studied law for two years later he became chief editor for the \"\"Nashville Banner\"\" which he remained for 10 years. After spending some time raising money and volunteers in Tennessee for the Texas army,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20598064",
"chunk_text": "\"Sheffield Declaration\"\nDr. Lemuel Bernard, Aaron Root, Major John Fellows, Philip Callender, Capt. William Day, Deacon Ebenezer Smith, Capt. Daniel Austin, Capt. Stephen Dewey, and Theodore Sedgwick, who wrote the text. The Declaration's was that \"\"Mankind in a state of nature are equal, free, and independent of each other, and have a right to the undisturbed enjoyment of their lives, their liberty and property,\"\" These words are echoed in the most famous line of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence three years later: \"\"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1056700",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Henry Lee\"\nin black silk to hide the deformation caused by a hunting accident. Richard Henry Lee Richard Henry Lee (January 20, 1732June 19, 1794) was an American statesman from Virginia best known for the Lee Resolution, the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation, and his \"\"resolution for independency\"\" of June 1776 led to the United States Declaration of Independence, which Lee signed. He also served a one-year term as the President of the Congress of the Confederation, and was a United States Senator from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12154544",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nofficial texts, as well. The Declaration was first published as a broadside that was printed the night of July 4 by John Dunlap of Philadelphia. Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides, of which 26 are known to survive. The 26th copy was discovered in The National Archives in England in 2009. In 1777, Congress commissioned Mary Katherine Goddard to print that listed the signers of the Declaration, unlike the Dunlap broadside. Nine copies of the Goddard broadside are known to still exist. A variety of broadsides printed by the states are also extant. Several early handwritten copies and drafts of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12154538",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nGerman translation appeared in Switzerland by October. The first copy of the Declaration sent to France got lost, and the second copy arrived only in November 1776. It reached Portuguese America by Brazilian medical student \"\"Vendek\"\" José Joaquim Maia e Barbalho, who had met with Thomas Jefferson in Nîmes. The Spanish-American authorities banned the circulation of the Declaration, but it was widely transmitted and translated: by Venezuelan Manuel García de Sena, by Colombian Miguel de Pombo, by Ecuadorian Vicente Rocafuerte, and by New Englanders Richard Cleveland and William Shaler, who distributed the Declaration and the United States Constitution among Creoles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1163130",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nCongress passed Adams's radical preamble, the Virginia Convention set the stage for a formal Congressional declaration of independence. On May 15, the Convention instructed Virginia's congressional delegation \"\"to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent States, absolved from all allegiance to, or dependence upon, the Crown or Parliament of Great Britain\"\". In accordance with those instructions, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented a three-part resolution to Congress on June 7. The motion was seconded by John Adams, calling on Congress to declare independence, form foreign alliances, and prepare a plan of colonial confederation. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17426966",
"chunk_text": "\"Roger Sherman\"\nRoger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack of formal education. After a period in the Connecticut House of Representatives, he served as a Justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8125326",
"chunk_text": "\"Secession in the United States\"\nnarrative asserted \"\"... the right of revolution, which was, after all, the right Americans were exercising in 1776\"\"; and notes that Thomas Jefferson's language incorporated ideas explained at length by a long list of seventeenth-century writers including John Milton, Algernon Sidney, and John Locke and other English and Scottish commentators, all of whom had contributed to the development of the Whig tradition in eighteenth-century Britain. The right of revolution expressed in the Declaration was immediately followed with the observation that long-practised injustice is tolerated until sustained assaults on the rights of the entire people have accumulated enough force to oppress",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3568235",
"chunk_text": "\"Committee of Five\"\nthe North Carolina resolutions of April 12 and the Virginia resolutions of May 15. The proposal, known as the Lee Resolution, was moved in Congress on June 7 by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia. During these allotted three weeks Congress agreed to appoint a committee to draft a broadside statement to proclaim to the world the reasons for taking America out of the British Empire, if the Congress were to declare the said sovereign independencies. The actual declaration of \"\"American Independence\"\" is precisely the text comprising the final paragraph of the published broadside of July 4. The broadside's final paragraph",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5631493",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nAccording to Ritz, about thirty-four delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and the others signed on or after August 2. Historians who reject a July 4 signing maintain that most delegates signed on August 2, and that those eventual signers who were not present added their names later. Two future U.S. presidents were among the signatories: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and the term \"\"John Hancock\"\" emerged in the United States as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12895047",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nJefferson's hand. Jefferson's original draft is preserved at the Library of Congress, complete with changes made by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, as well as Jefferson's notes of changes made by Congress. The best-known version of the Declaration is a signed copy that is displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and which is popularly regarded as the official document. This engrossed copy was ordered by Congress on July 19 and signed primarily on August 2. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5631495",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nmost assuredly we shall all hang separately.\"\" The quotation did not appear in print until more than fifty years after Franklin's death. The Syng inkstand used at the signing was also used at the signing of the United States Constitution in 1787. After Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration on July 4, a handwritten copy was sent a few blocks away to the printing shop of John Dunlap. Through the night, Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides for distribution. Before long, it was being read to audiences and reprinted in newspapers throughout the 13 states. The first formal public",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6271142",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nindependence until after Congress had made its decision. Political maneuvering was setting the stage for an official declaration of independence even while a document was being written to explain the decision. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a \"\"Committee of Five\"\" to draft a declaration, consisting of John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut. The committee took no minutes, so there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded; contradictory accounts were written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, too many years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2685470",
"chunk_text": "\"Thomas Paine\"\nThomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights. Saul K. Padover described him as \"\"a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination\"\". Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1056692",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Henry Lee\"\nRichard Henry Lee Richard Henry Lee (January 20, 1732June 19, 1794) was an American statesman from Virginia best known for the Lee Resolution, the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation, and his \"\"resolution for independency\"\" of June 1776 led to the United States Declaration of Independence, which Lee signed. He also served a one-year term as the President of the Congress of the Confederation, and was a United States Senator from Virginia from 1789 to 1792, serving during part of that time as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5631456",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nStates by listing colonial grievances against King George III and by asserting certain natural and legal rights, including a right of revolution. Its original purpose was to announce independence, and references to the text of the Declaration were few in the following years. Abraham Lincoln made it the centerpiece of his policies and his rhetoric, as in the Gettysburg Address of 1863. Since then, it has become a well-known statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6866782",
"chunk_text": "\"History of liberalism\"\nof Independence of a new republic, and the resulting American Revolutionary War to defend it. The intellectual underpinnings for independence were provided by the English pamphleteer Thomas Paine. His \"\"Common Sense\"\" pro-independence pamphlet was anonymously published on January 10, 1776 and became an immediate success. It was read aloud everywhere, including the Army. He pioneered a style of political writing that rendered complex ideas easily intelligible. The Declaration of Independence, written in committee largely by Thomas Jefferson, echoed Locke. After the war, the leaders debated about how to move forward. The Articles of Confederation, written in 1776, now appeared inadequate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1502281",
"chunk_text": "\"Oliver Wolcott\"\nOliver Wolcott Oliver Wolcott Sr. (November 20, 1726December 1, 1797) was an American politician. He was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and also of the Articles of Confederation as a representative of Connecticut and the nineteenth Governor of Connecticut. He was a major general for the Connecticut Militia in the Revolutionary War serving under George Washington. Wolcott was born in Windsor, Connecticut, the youngest of 14 children born to colonial governor Roger Wolcott and Sarah Drake Wolcott. He attended Yale College, graduating in 1747 as the top scholar in his class. Upon graduation, New York governor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13818195",
"chunk_text": "\"Collin McKinney\"\nCollin McKinney Collin McKinney (April 17, 1766 – September 9, 1861) was a land surveyor, merchant, politician, and lay preacher. He is best known as an important figure in the Texas Revolution, as one of the five individuals who drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence and the oldest person to sign it. McKinney was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, the second of 10 children born to Daniel and Mercy (Blatchley) McKinney. The family moved to Virginia in the 1770s, and while Daniel fought in the American Revolutionary War, Collin McKinney supported the family; thus, he had no formal schooling.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13075735",
"chunk_text": "\"Haitian Declaration of Independence\"\n2010 and 2011. They are currently held by The National Archives, Kew. The declaration itself is a three-part document. The longest section, \"\"Le Général en Chef Au Peuple d’Hayti\"\", which is known as the \"\"proclamation,\"\" functions as a prologue. It has one signatory, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the senior general and a former slave. Due to Dessalines being illiterate and unable to speak French, his secretary Louis Boisrond-Tonnerre then read out the proclamation, followed by the act of independence, which were both written by the latter. This declaration was later followed by an independence day speech from Dessalines - recited in Haitian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19770698",
"chunk_text": "\"Lee Resolution\"\nauthorized to vote for independence. Voting on the first clause of Lee's resolution was therefore postponed for three weeks while advocates of independence worked to build support in the colonial governments for the resolution. Meanwhile, a Committee of Five was appointed to prepare a formal declaration so that it would be ready when independence, which almost everyone recognized was now inevitable, was approved. The committee prepared a declaration of independence, written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, and presented it to Congress on June 28, 1776. The declaration was set aside while the resolution of independence was debated for several days. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14312700",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nthe Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. The Declaration was transposed on paper, adopted by the Continental Congress, and signed by John Hancock, President of the Congress, on July 4, 1776, according to the 1911 record of events by the U.S. State Department under Secretary Philander C. Knox. On August 2, 1776, a parchment paper copy of the Declaration was signed by 56 persons. Many of these signers were not present when the original Declaration was adopted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7970809",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\ndeclare the independence as the \"\"United States of America\"\". Two days later, on July 4, Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. The drafting of the Declaration was the responsibility of a Committee of Five, which included, among others, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin; it was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and revised by the others and the Congress as a whole. It contended that \"\"all men are created equal\"\" with \"\"certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness\"\", and that \"\"to secure these rights governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16606212",
"chunk_text": "Cursive\nthe British Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries as round hand by John Ayers and William Banson. In the American colonies, on the eve of their independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, it is notable that Thomas Jefferson joined most, but not all the letters when drafting the United States Declaration of Independence. However, a few days later, Timothy Matlack professionally re-wrote the presentation copy of the Declaration in a fully joined, cursive hand. Eighty-seven years later, in the middle of the 19th century, Abraham Lincoln drafted the Gettysburg Address in a cursive hand that would not look",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12154549",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\ndocuments\"\", wrote Pauline Maier, \"\"is there any evidence whatsoever that the Declaration of Independence lived in men's minds as a classic statement of American political principles.\"\" Many leaders of the French Revolution admired the Declaration of Independence but were also interested in the new American state constitutions. The inspiration and content of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789) emerged largely from the ideals of the American Revolution. Its key drafts were prepared by Lafayette, working closely in Paris with his friend Thomas Jefferson. It also borrowed language from George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3660021",
"chunk_text": "\"Gouverneur Morris\"\nincluding the famous Lon Chaney film, \"\"The Penalty\"\" in 1920. Morris established himself as an important landowner in northern New York, where the Town of Gouverneur and Village of Gouverneur in St. Lawrence County are named after him. In 1943, a United States liberty ship SS \"\"Gouverneur Morris\"\" was launched. She was scrapped in 1974. Gouverneur Morris Gouverneur Morris I (30 January 1752 – 6 November 1816) was an American statesman, a Founding Father of the United States, and a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. He wrote the Preamble to the United States Constitution",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13132625",
"chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union\"\nthe United States\"\", written by Robert Barnwell Rhett, which called on other slave holding states to secede and join in forming a new nation. The convention resolved to print 15,000 copies of these three documents and distribute them to various parties. The declaration was seen as analogous to the U.S. Declaration of Independence from 1776, however, it omitted the phrases that \"\"all men are created equal\"\", \"\"that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights\"\", and \"\"consent of the governed\"\". Professor and historian Harry V. Jaffa noted this omission as significant in his 2000 book, \"\"A New Birth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8926994",
"chunk_text": "\"Give me liberty, or give me death!\"\nthat the speech was \"\"one of the most bold, vehement, and animated pieces of eloquence that had ever been delivered.\"\" Edward Carrington, who was listening outside a window of the church, requested that he be buried on that spot. In 1810, he got his wish. And the drafter of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, George Mason, said, \"\"Every word he says not only engages but commands the attention, and your passions are no longer your own when he addresses them.\"\" More immediately, the resolution, declaring the United Colonies to be independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, passed, and Henry",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3571302",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nparts: \"\"introduction\"\", \"\"preamble\"\", \"\"indictment\"\" of King George III, \"\"denunciation\"\" of the British people, and \"\"conclusion\"\". Historians have often sought to identify the sources that most influenced the words and political philosophy of the Declaration of Independence. By Jefferson's own admission, the Declaration contained no original ideas, but was instead a statement of sentiments widely shared by supporters of the American Revolution. As he explained in 1825: Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2515407",
"chunk_text": "\"Lumières\"\nof Independence and, to a lesser extent, in the manifesto of Jacobinism during the French Revolution. It propagated to the United States Constitution of 1787. Thomas Jefferson, a cultured and learned man and one of the original planters of the State of Virginia, was well known to the English philosopher John Locke, and the Genevan Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He presided over the drafting of the Constitution of Virginia in 1776, from which he took certain parts when drafting the American Declaration of Independence, proclaimed on 4 July 1776 at the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. In the summer of 1784, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5989431",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Treat Paine\"\nBoston, moved into Unitarianism, Paine followed that path. Paine married Sally Cobb, the daughter of Thomas and Lydia (née Leonard) Cobb and a sister of General David Cobb, on March 15, 1770. She was born May 15, 1744 and died June 6, 1816. They were the parents of eight children: Some of his notable descendants include; A statue of Paine by Richard E. Brooks was erected at Taunton's Church Green in 1904. Robert Treat Paine Robert Treat Paine (March 11, 1731 – May 11, 1814) was a Massachusetts lawyer and politician, best known as a signer of the Declaration of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3989504",
"chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms\"\nCongress allowed Dickinson to write a more moderate version, keeping only the last four-and-a-half paragraphs of Jefferson's draft. Jefferson's version of events was accepted by historians for many years. In 1950, Julian P. Boyd, the editor of Jefferson's papers, examined the extant drafts and determined that Jefferson's memory was faulty and that Dickinson claimed too much credit for the final text. According to Boyd, an initial draft was reportedly written by John Rutledge, a member of a committee of five appointed to create the Declaration. Rutledge's draft was not accepted and does not survive. Jefferson and Dickinson were then added",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6696018",
"chunk_text": "\"Roger Sherman\"\nArchibald Cox served as a U.S. Solicitor General and special prosecutor during President Richard Nixon's Watergate scandal; he was the great-grandson of William M. Evarts. Roger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17154682",
"chunk_text": "\"Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\nthe Liberties: America and the World\"\". \"\"It is romantic to think that Benjamin Franklin, the greatest printer of his day, was there in Dunlap's shop to supervise, and that Jefferson, the nervous author, was also close at hand.\"\" John Adams later wrote that, \"\"We were all in haste.\"\" The Dunlap broadsides were sent across the new United States over the next two days, including to Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, George Washington, who directed that the Declaration be read to the troops on July 9. Another copy was sent to England. In 1949, 14 copies of the Dunlap broadside were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13524434",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n\"\"and women\"\" are created equal\"\" and the convention demanded suffrage for women. The suffrage movement was supported by William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass. The Declaration was chosen to be the first digitized text (1971). The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence was dedicated in 1984 in Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., where the signatures of all the original signers are carved in stone with their names, places of residence, and occupations. The new One World Trade Center building in New York City (2014) is 1776 feet high to symbolize the year",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2019915",
"chunk_text": "\"Convention of 1836\"\narrival in Texas. The committee submitted its draft within a mere 24 hours, leading historians to speculate that Childress had written much of it before his arrival at the Convention. The declaration was approved on March 2 with no debate. Based primarily on the writings of John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, the declaration proclaimed that the Mexican government \"\"ceased to protect the lives, liberty, and property of the people, from whom its legitimate powers are derived\"\" and complained about \"\"arbitrary acts of oppression and tyranny\"\". The declaration officially established the Republic of Texas. Shortly after adopting the declaration of independence,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7686540",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nview ultimately prevailed. \"\"In Lincoln's hands,\"\" wrote Maier, \"\"the Declaration of Independence became first and foremost a living document\"\" with \"\"a set of goals to be realized over time\"\". Like Daniel Webster, James Wilson, and Joseph Story before him, Lincoln argued that the Declaration of Independence was a founding document of the United States, and that this had important implications for interpreting the Constitution, which had been ratified more than a decade after the Declaration. The Constitution did not use the word \"\"equality\"\", yet Lincoln believed that the concept that \"\"all men are created equal\"\" remained a part of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4710983",
"chunk_text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen\"\nthe document emerged largely from the ideals of the Enlightenment. The key drafts were prepared by Lafayette, working at times with his close friend Thomas Jefferson. In August 1789, Honoré Mirabeau played a central role in conceptualizing and drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The last article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted on the 26 of August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly, during the period of the French Revolution, as the first step toward writing a constitution for France. Inspired by the Enlightenment, the original",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5736979",
"chunk_text": "\"Timothy Matlack\"\nTimothy Matlack Timothy Matlack (May 28, 1730 – April 14, 1826) was a brewer and beer bottler who emerged as a popular and powerful leader in the American Revolutionary War, Secretary of Pennsylvania during the war, and a delegate to the Second Continental Congress in 1780. He became one of Pennsylvania's most provocative and influential political figures, but he was removed from office by his political enemies at the end of the war; however, he returned to power in the Jeffersonian era. Matlack was known for his excellent penmanship and was chosen to write the original United States Declaration of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_811
|
who does brant daugherty play in pretty little liars?
|
n/a
|
[
"Noel Kahn"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3384711",
"chunk_text": "\"Brant Daugherty\"\nBrant Daugherty Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor, known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\". In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's \"\"Army Wives\"\" for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke. He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film \"\"The Starving Games\"\" released in fall 2013.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "848830",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)\"\nand knew her when they met. Hanna mends her broken heart by pursuing a relationship with Travis (Luke Kleintank) and an interest in mystery novels, which lead to a friendship with Detective Holbrook (Sean Faris). Aria tells the girls that Ezra thinks one of them is 'A', but the suspicion later shifted to Jessica Dilaurentis, Alison's mother, after reading more of the notes on Ezra's manuscript. Emily later tells Paige that Alison is alive, and Paige betrays her trust by tipping the police. Suspecting that they can find clues at Ali's house, Hanna volunteers the girls to Jessica's bridal fashion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3384714",
"chunk_text": "\"Brant Daugherty\"\na trip to Amsterdam. Brant Daugherty Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor, known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\". In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's \"\"Army Wives\"\" for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke. He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film \"\"The Starving Games\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19017132",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nMaxwell, Alison's boyfriend when she was hospitalized. Nick was caught by the police when he and Alison planned to kill the Liars via poisoning. However, months later, the Liars visit Nick in the prison in order to discover some clues about Alison's whereabouts, and he gives them some information. Original A was the first \"\"A\"\" and revealed to be Mona Vanderwaal. Mona began torturing Alison by sending her gifts, threats and soon attacking her while wearing a zombie costume. \"\"A\"\" continued to mess with Ali and her mother Jessica DiLaurentis, whom she believed it to be Spencer Hastings. After Alison's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2455001",
"chunk_text": "\"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nstaff reunion, leaving things awkward. While visiting a possible buffet for Aria and Ezra's marriage, Hanna and Aria run into Holden (Shane Coffey), Aria's long-time friend. Aria discovers that he is now a chef, among other skills, and they end up catching up on their lives. \"\"A.D.\"\" delivers an interactive board game which shows notable places of Rosewood and figurines of the Liars. They decide not to play the stalker's game, but Spencer secretly moves forward with the game. Veronica (Lesley Fera) returns home and reveals to Spencer that Peter slept with Mary Drake years ago thinking she was Jessica,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16250549",
"chunk_text": "\"Bedlam (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nwant to answers them. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) and Emily (Shay Mitchell) reveal to Hanna everything about Mary, confirming that she was a patient at Radley Sanitarium, and is Jessica DiLaurentis' twin sister. Hanna then concludes that Mary is “Uber A.” Following, Hanna questions herself why Mary didn't chased her — instead she left her safe and sound, and Ezra (Ian Harding) says that they gave her Charlotte's murderer. Caleb and Aria reveal that they suspected of Alison, and Hanna asks Spencer for something more powerful than coffee. While Spencer is looking for something, Caleb approaches Hanna and hands her the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3267737",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 7)\"\nDet. Marco Furey. Tammin Sursok announced that she will return to the show as Jenna Marshall after last appearing in the fifth-season episode \"\"How the 'A' Stole Christmas\"\". On June 2, 2016, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that Brant Daugherty would be returning as Noel Kahn; Brant has not appeared on the show since the beginning of the fifth season. On June 10, 2016, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" reported that Lindsey Shaw would be returning as Paige McCullers after leaving in the fifth season mid-season premiere. The actress playing Sydney Driscoll, Chloe Bridges, posted an image on social media, confirming that she would return",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11056189",
"chunk_text": "\"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nduring which the main roaster and King would talk about the show with behind-the-scenes exclusives. \"\"Till Death Do Us Part\"\" saw the returns of some recurring characters. Credited in the special guest section, veterans Holly Marie Combs and Chad Lowe portrayed Aria's parents Ella and Byron Montgomery. Mary Page Keller returned for the series finale portraying Ezra's reckless mother Dianne Fitzgerald. Torrey DeVitto played Spencer' half-sister Melissa Hastings. Julian Morris acted as Melissa and Spencer's British ex-boyfriend Wren Kingston. Keegan Allen played Rosewood resident and carpentry professional Toby Cavanaugh. Lesley Fera portrayed Spencer's adopted mother and Melissa's biological mother Veronica",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15932291",
"chunk_text": "\"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\"\nshows up. Alison gets startled while sleeping and sees Darren Wilden (Bryce Johnson), the Rosewood's deceased policeman, lying on her bed; she screams and Aria and Emily comfort her. In the next scene, Caleb and Spencer have a romantic moment; however, when Spencer says she loves him, he doesn't answer. Alison talks to Elliott by phone and reveals that Emily came out to vote; she then again sees her mother and Darren. When Aria arrives at Ezra's apartment, he tells her the great news: the book they wrote together was very well received and will have a great impact. Surprised,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20221002",
"chunk_text": "\"Spencer Hastings\"\nSpencer Hastings Spencer Hastings is a fictional character, one of the five main characters who appeared in the \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" novels and its television adaptation. Created by American author Sara Shepard, she is member of the group known as the Liars, and is best friend to the four other members, who are also protagonists. The character was developed for television by the series' showrunner I. Marlene King, and appeared in each of the show’s 160 episodes during its seven-years-long run, from its premiere on June 8, 2010 to its finale on June 27, 2017. Spencer is known in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3384713",
"chunk_text": "\"Brant Daugherty\"\nhis brother, Adam, and sister, Caitey. Brant's father, David, was an art teacher at Mason Middle School when he died of cancer on February 19, 2009, at age 57. Daugherty attended William Mason High School, where he played football until his sophomore year and later tried out for the school play. He continued to perform in school plays until his graduation in 2004. He moved to Los Angeles in 2008 after earning a film degree from Columbia College Chicago. He now resides in West Hollywood. He started dating actress Kimberly Hidalgo in 2016. They got engaged in February 2018 during",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1519984",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)\"\nof the series continue the roles. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who struggles with family drama. Ashley Benson continued her role as Hanna Marin, whom finds herself in an identity crisis as a result of Alison's return. Lucy Hale played Aria Montgomery who volunteers to work at Radley Sanitarium in addition to build up her relationship with Ezra. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who is affected the most of Alison's return, which makes her confront her feelings towards Ali. Sasha Pieterse returned as Alison DiLaurentis, who moves back home after being presumably dead the last two years, which makes her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3267735",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 7)\"\ndown the new 'A'. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who has relationship problems with Caleb, while Ashley Benson played Hanna Marin, who was kidnapped at the end of last season. Lucy Hale continued her role as Aria Montgomery as she is set in a love triangle with Ezra and her boyfriend Liam. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who begins to rekindle her relationship with Alison. Sasha Pieterse continued to portray Alison DiLaurentis as Alison struggles with being in a psych-ward. Janel Parrish returned as Mona Vanderwaal who seems to be finally on their side. Tyler Blackburn continues to play Caleb",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11056171",
"chunk_text": "\"Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nfind peace of mind and discover the identity of their tormentor. Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) are both working at Rosewood High and living a family life together. Ezra Fitz (Ian Harding) and Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale) finally married, Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson) and Caleb Rivers (Tyler Blackburn) move with their husband-and-wife life and Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario) discovers she has an identical twin sister named Alex Drake who is revealed to be the evil \"\"A.D.\"\" wanting to avenge Charlotte's death and physically replace Spencer's life as a impersonator due to her jealousy of the upbringing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19017119",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nhas been putting the cream. She ends up in the hospital and might not be able to swim again. A knew that there was a very good chance Hanna would regain her memory. Hanna's best friend, Mona Vanderwaal, informs the girls that she has also received texts from A, drawing the five closer together in trying to figure out who their tormentor is. Mona subtly encourages Spencer's fears that her sister, Melissa, might be A as well as Alison's killer. During Hanna's recovery masquerade celebration, she suddenly regains her memory, revealing that Mona is A. However, she, Emily, and Aria",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nseries, being the \"\"winner\"\" of the game. Big A was the person who took over the \"\"A\"\" game from Mona Vanderwaal after she was admitted to Radley Sanitarium and revealed to be CeCe Drake (A.K.A. Charlotte DiLaurentis or Charles Dilaurentis). She had visited Mona in Radley and used her to get information about the Liars before taking over the game herself and had used the A-Team, which consisted of her ally Sara, Jenna, Noel, Wren, Wilde, Mona, Toby, Lucas, Melissa, and Spencer, to do her dirty work and sometimes went under the Red Coat disguise. Big A often hid out",
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"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 7)\"\nRivers and Ian Harding also continued his role as Ezra Fitz. Andrea Parker was added as a series regular, playing Jessica DiLaurentis' twin sister Mary Drake. After the sixth-season finale, it was announced that Andrea Parker would return to the show as Mary Drake, Jessica DiLaurentis' identical twin sister and biological mother to Charlotte DiLaurentis. \"\"TVLine\"\" later confirmed that Parker was added as a series regular for the upcoming season. \"\"Deadline\"\" reported on May 10, 2016, that actor Nicholas Gonzalez was cast as Detective Vic Furey, a character who will oversee the Rosewood Police Department. The character was later renamed",
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "67002",
"chunk_text": "\"Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nand was wheeled into an operating room. Alison is traumatized to remember that Emily's (Shay Mitchell) donated eggs were implanted inside her uterus, realizing Emily is her child's mother. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) has a long overdue conversation with her father (Nolan North) about his past sins and recent whereabouts. Emily continues to navigate working at Rosewood High with both Alison and Paige (Lindsey Shaw), learning the truth about Alison's pregnancy. Meanwhile, Paige contemplates leaving Rosewood, but decides against it, resulting in her and Emily renewing their relationship. Aria (Lucy Hale) continues to question the fate of her relationship with Ezra",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19912943",
"chunk_text": "\"Mona Vanderwaal\"\nMona Vanderwaal Mona Vanderwaal is a fictional character and main antagonist in the \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" book series by Sara Shepard and its Freeform television series adaptation. In the TV series, she is portrayed by Janel Parrish. In 2019, Parrish will reprise her role as Mona in a sequel television series titled \"\"\"\", which is based on a book \"\"The Perfectionists\"\" written by Shepard. Introduced as Hanna Marin's best friend, Mona initially harbors a grudge against the protagonists, using her intelligence and resources to torment them anonymously. In the third season of the TV series, Mona gains a partner who",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19017114",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nof the \"\"A-Team\"\" was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as \"\"A.D.\"\", while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale, \"\"A.D.\"\" reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer. \"\"A\"\" makes appearances as a figure with black leather gloves, a black hoodie, black pants, and black combat boots. Throughout the seasons, the story",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9814",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 3)\"\nelusive \"\"A\"\" that had been creatively and relentlessly tormenting the four main characters, Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale), Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario), Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson), and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) for the past year. The first half of the season addresses the issue of whether or not Garrett Reynolds (Yani Gellman) actually killed or was involved in the murder of the girls' former friend and queen bee, Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and who killed Maya St. Germain (Bianca Lawson) in the season two finale, while the second half deals with the reveal that Toby Cavanaugh is a member of the",
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},
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"chunk_id": "2454998",
"chunk_text": "\"Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nand with \"\"A.D.\"\", who has decided to play the final game. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) is rescued by paramedics, and during a quick question session, she gets stunned, not knowing which surname to use, Hastings or Drake. At the hospital, the Liars find out that Toby (Keegan Allen) suffered an accident and is in the same hospital, while they begin to suspect that \"\"A.D.\"\" is gone since Noel died. It is revealed through the Liars' conversation that Mary ran away after she revealed that she is Spencer's biological mother. One week later, Toby reveals to Aria (Lucy Hale) that Yvonne is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "18656187",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 5)\"\nand Emily are arrested as accessories. After being kidnapped by 'A' on their way to the prison, Hanna, Aria, Spencer and Emily awaken in a dollhouse lair, with rooms designed to look like their bedrooms with surveillance. They discover that Mona is alive; however she is going under the name Alison in the presence of 'A'. They attempt to leave during the \"\"prom\"\" 'A' forces them to create. Spencer then learns A's name: Charles, who is the oldest child of Kenneth and Jessica DiLaurentis. Upon managing to escape the dollhouse, they learn that they are surrounded by an electric fence",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3246685",
"chunk_text": "\"Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nto Alex via text stating that she is accountable for Charlotte's homicide, which culminates on the events of the following episode. Throughout \"\"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\"\", Mary and Charlotte's former psychiatrist, Elliott, dress up as Jessica and detective Darren Wilden in order to drive Alison insane and trick her into checking herself at the Welby State Psychiatric Hospital. Footage of Mary nearby the fence Caleb built outside the Lost Woods Resort is later captured. However, the Liars were unaware of Mary's existence and mistook her for Jessica instead. As they left the forest, Mary returned to the DiLaurentis' house where",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9469663",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 1)\"\nas Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Alexis Denisof as Byron Montgomery, Bianca Lawson as Maya, as well as Jean Louisa Kelly and Nia Peeples. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" also noted that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot. The Alloy website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis and DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also noting Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal and Cody Allen Christian, as Mike Montgomery. In April 2010, Chad Lowe replaced Alexis Denisof as Aria's father, Byron Montgomery.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "19260394",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 6)\"\nBrown. However, it was revealed that Davis will instead be playing Sara Harvey, a girl who went missing the same time as Alison. It was announced on April 21, 2015, that Troian Bellisario's real life best friend Lulu Brud Zsebe would appear on the show as Sabrina, which Bellisario commented \"\"It's a pinch me I'm dreaming scenario.\"\" On April 24, 2015, it was announced that actor Titus Makin Jr. had joined the cast, as his audition playing Lorenzo was leaked, however on May 27, 2015, it was announced that Travis Winfrey will be the one playing Lorenzo, who will be",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2409198",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlotte Drake\"\nCharlotte Drake Charlotte Drake is a fictional character in \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\", an American mystery drama television series based on the homonymous novel series written by Sara Shepard. Charlotte is a character that only appears in the television series and is portrayed by Vanessa Ray. The character is also featured in the \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" web series \"\"Pretty Dirty Secrets\"\". Charlotte was introduced in the third season using the pseudonym CeCe Drake. Acting as a best friend and mentor to Alison DiLaurentis, CeCe moved back to Rosewood two years after Alison's disappearance. Having stolen the game from Mona Vanderwaal, Drake",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9469660",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 1)\"\nHanna has taken Alison's role as the most popular girl at Rosewood High School, along with formerly nerdy Mona Vanderwaal. The girls regularly shoplift from the local mall, until Hanna is caught, and her mother resorts to beginning a sexual relationship with Detective Darren Wilden so Hanna isn't charged. Spencer develops romantic feelings for her older sister Melissa's fiance, British doctor Wren Kingston, while Emily befriends a new girl named Maya, whose family has moved into Alison's former home. As the story unfolds, each of the girls receive text messages from an anonymous blackmailer, known only as \"\"-A\"\", who threatens",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19078508",
"chunk_text": "\"Mona Vanderwaal\"\nfashion choices while also praising her relationship with Mike Montgomery, saying, \"\"I like her little \"\"Breakfast at Tiffany's\"\" look, her winged eyeliner, and even her overdone updo, because such devotion to hairspray seems very Mona-esque to me.\"\" Mona Vanderwaal Mona Vanderwaal is a fictional character and main antagonist in the \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" book series by Sara Shepard and its Freeform television series adaptation. In the TV series, she is portrayed by Janel Parrish. In 2019, Parrish will reprise her role as Mona in a sequel television series titled \"\"\"\", which is based on a book \"\"The Perfectionists\"\" written by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "8201924",
"chunk_text": "\"Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nwho warns them to go away. Aria finds Leah (Elizabeth Whitson) in a ditch, pulls her out and learns that Luke is Olivia's cousin. While on a bus to Ravenswood, Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) is approached by Miranda (Nicole Gale Anderson) after being frightened by the man (Irwin Keyes) she was sitting next to. Miranda tells Caleb about her past life and how she is going to Ravenswood to meet her uncle. Just as Caleb asks about her uncle, Miranda runs off to get some chips from the old man in the back of the bus. As she reaches into the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19078509",
"chunk_text": "\"Melissa Hastings\"\nMelissa Hastings Melissa Hastings is a fictional character in the \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" franchise. Created in 2006 by Sara Shepard for the book series, the character was later reworked by I. Marlene King, the developer of the television series, in which she is portrayed by Torrey DeVitto. An antiheroine, Melissa is primarily sister to protagonist Spencer Hastings, and the daughter of Peter and Veronica Hastings. She is a fierce woman who does everything to succeed in her life goals. In print, she is a guest character, while on screen Melissa has a much bigger presence in the story. Melissa has",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1030884",
"chunk_text": "\"Mary Drake\"\nexits the room unnoticed. Drake appears in the episode \"\"Did You Miss Me?\"\". She dressed up as Jessica, in order to visit her niece Alison DiLaurentis at the hospital. Ali assumes she's having a dream due to the state of her concussion. Mary proceededs to tell Alison that she's happy with her niece's marriage to Elliott Rollins and that he'll be able to protect her in a way that she couldn't. Throughout \"\"Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars\"\", Mary and Elliott dress up as Jessica and detective Darren Wilden in order to drive Alison insane and trick her into checking herself at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19017112",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nA (Pretty Little Liars) \"\"A\"\" is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard. It is a character of both \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\"' books and television series, and primarily appears as a stalker and the main antagonist of the stories. \"\"A\"\" is one of the main characters of the stories, appearing anonymously in the majority of the episodes and books. The villain has already had many portrayals. Its basic occupation is to pursue and threaten the four protagonists of the stories. Thus, many identities have been revealed to be \"\"A\"\". \"\"A\"\" has a specific and unhealthy way of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12083656",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars\"\nand DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also mentioning the casting of Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal. On January 27, 2010, ABC Family picked up the series for 10 episodes, set to premiere in June 2010. In April 2010, the role of Aria's father Byron was recast with Chad Lowe, and Holly Marie Combs was cast as Aria's mother Ella. Jenna Marshall is played by Tammin Sursok. On January 7, 2011, Tilky Jones was cast as Logan Reed. On April 8, 2011, Annabeth Gish was cast for the role of Anne Sullivan, a therapist who tries to find out the main",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "848826",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)\"\nby 3.12 million viewers. The first half of the fourth season focuses on the aftermath of Detective Darren Wilden's murder. Being last seen with Wilden before his murder, Ashley (Laura Leighton) is made a prime suspect and arrested. The girls work to find out who A is in hopes of finding Wilden's murderer. Meanwhile, Hanna (Ashley Benson) deals with her mother's arrest and trial. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) helps Toby (Keegan Allen) with finding answers about his mother's untimely death while trying to keep him from falling victim to \"\"A\"\"'s schemes. Aria (Lucy Hale) tries to break free from her feelings",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "12483249",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 4)\"\ntoward Ezra (Ian Harding) by pursuing a relationship with Jake (Ryan Guzman). Emily (Shay Mitchell) suffers an injury that ends her swim career, which complicates her college application process. After finding several new clues, the girls believe that Alison may be alive. Towards the middle of the season, they find a connection Alison (Sasha Pieterse) had in Ravenswood and go there to find \"\"A\"\" and Alison. In Ravenswood, Emily is kidnapped and locked in a box on a sawmill by Red Coat. The girls notice Red Coat running to the Sawmill and follow her inside, where she actually saves Emily.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "17570116",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nrevealed that there were actually two of them in the Halloween train, Melissa Hastings and Darren Wilden. Wilden attacked Spencer and fought Paige, while Melissa drugged Aria and took her body. Wilden also murdered Garrett Reynolds fearing he'd expose his corrupt activities and Melissa later admits to Spencer that she was blackmailed into doing his bidding. However, in Mona's footage, evidence shows that Wilden tried to abandon the train and Melissa is heard ordering him to stay. Wilden would later place a fainted Aria in a box beside Garrett's corpse and then gathered with Melissa in an attempt to push",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 2)\"\nthe help of her childhood friend, Holden Strauss. Unbeknownst to his overprotective parents, Holden participates in regular fighting competitions, despite having a severe heart condition. The girls later attempt to trick \"\"-A\"\" by making them think they have something that could give away their identity; Emily is confronted by \"\"-A\"\" in an abandoned plant nursery. When Emily reveals the girls had tricked them, \"\"-A\"\" physically attacks her, but Aria and Spencer arrive and corner them. They throw a vase into the air, shattering the glass ceiling and allowing them enough time to escape; however, Hanna arrives and hits \"\"-A\"\" with",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13777429",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 6)\"\nPTSD from their time in captivity. Another girl, Sara Harvey, who went missing the same time Ali did, is found in the dollhouse, reportedly having been held there for two years. Unable to deal with her home life, she runs away and stays with Emily for a while. Meanwhile, Ali tries to get answers out of her dad about Charles DiLaurentis, but he insists there is no one of that name in their family; however, Jason remembers Charles as his imaginary friend when he was a kid. Later, Andrew is released from police custody because of lack of evidence, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17944290",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wrath of Kahn (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nAria (Lucy Hale) joins Jason (Drew Van Acker) in a deep research inside Mary Drake's past, and she ends up recalling the past, when she had an affair with Jason years ago. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) finds herself desperate when she finds a flash drive in the Kahn's old cabin, containing videos of the girls when they were stuck in the A's Dollhouse. In the same flash drive, Spencer and the girls find out that Noel was helping Charlotte to torture them years ago. Emily (Shay Mitchell) confesses to Paige (Lindsey Shaw) that she is suffering again, and her relationship with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "20221052",
"chunk_text": "\"Alison DiLaurentis\"\nAlison DiLaurentis Alison DiLaurentis is a fictional character on Freeform's \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\", a television series which is based on a book series of the same name written by American author Sara Shepard. In the beginning of both the books and the television series, Alison is a central character who is shown mostly in flashbacks. The narrative is set when Alison mysteriously disappears and leaves the suburb of Rosewood shocked. Due to her position as a queen bee of Rosewood's social scene, Alison's actions and relations were constantly under scrutiny from the town's citizens. Sasha Pieterse, who portrays Alison on",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13777432",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 6)\"\nmeet with Jason. However, the plan backfires when the police appeared. Rosewood High ultimately bans the girls from their prom and graduation after an incident at Aria's photo gallery contest. Hanna discovers that the company who gave her a scholarship is affiliated with Radley (and Mr. DiLaurentis). She and Spencer decided to return the money to the company, where they meet Rhys Matthews, whom they later suspected to be Charles. The girls also became suspicious of Aria's friend Clark, believing that he may be working for Charles when they saw him following Rhys into a warehouse. Despite being banned, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20849553",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nreturned to her in London and the next time she saw her was when she visited her grave. Uber A, also known as A.D., is the third person to take over the identity of \"\"A\"\". In the show's series finale, Uber A's identity is revealed to be Alex Drake, Spencer's twin sister who was put up for adoption at birth. She desperately craves vengeance over the tragic passing of Charlotte DiLaurentis, who was her half-sister, and is trying to seek out the person responsible. Unlike Mona or Charlotte, Alex does not use any nicknames at first but instead signs their",
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "9474207",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nthe room. Jenna (Tammin Sursok) knocks into Alison's door, and the two end up having a discussion about Archer — Elliott's real name. In the secret apartment, Aria and Emily find a mess that had been used to cover up Elliott's traces. The two discover that Archer's surname is Dunhill, and connect directly to the acronym \"\"A.D.\"\" They also found a fake head, several pictures of Darren Wilden's physical characteristics, passports, and a notebook with different types of payments. Jenna befriends Sara Harvey (Dre Davis). Hanna tells Spencer that she used her mother's password in the Radley's database, and that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19017115",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nfocuses on the mystery of \"\"A\"\". However, \"\"Big A\"\" also sported different disguises, including that of Red Coat, while their ally disguised themselves as The Black Widow, while also donning the Red Coat identity on certain occasions. Uber A also dressed up as several disguises, including those of a gardener, a maid and a surgeon. They later costume themselves with the traditional look. One year after the disappearance of Alison DiLaurentis, her four friends, Aria Montgomery, Spencer Hastings, Emily Fields, and Hanna Marin, each receive messages from someone calling themselves \"\"A.\"\" The girls had drifted apart over the year, so",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6560191",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars)\"\ncommenced on May 11, 2016, and it was filmed between May 17 and May 25, 2016. Cast members Keegan Allen, Lulu Brud, Nicholas Gonzalez and Tammin Sursok appeared in the episode reprising their roles as Toby Cavanaugh, Sabrina, Marco Furey, and Jenna Marshall, respectively. On June 2, 2016, Variety reported that Brant Daugherty would be returning for the series as Noel Kahn, since he has not appeared on the show since the beginning of the fifth season. Brant first appeared on the seventh season on this episode. Actress Dre Davis returned to the show for the seventh season, portraying Sara",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13777433",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (season 6)\"\ngirls head over to the prom when they discover that Alison was meeting Charles there. Subsequently, Charles kidnaps Alison at the prom; the girls began searching for her, along with Ezra, Toby, Caleb, Sara, Mona, and Clark (who is revealed to be an undercover agent). Working with Mona and Sara, the girls finally infiltrate A's lair, where they discover a live feed of Alison coming face to face with Charles, who is revealed to be CeCe Drake. CeCe then begins to explain her story and motives, revealing that she was born as Charles, but was not accepted by her father",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20409185",
"chunk_text": "\"Drew Van Acker\"\nwas announced he had joined the cast of \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" for the second season to replace Parker Bagley, who played Jason DiLaurentis during the first season. He has been cast on Lifetime's show \"\"Devious Maids\"\" as Remi Delatour. Drew Van Acker Drew Van Acker (born April 2, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jason DiLaurentis, the older brother of Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) on ABC Family's \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" (2010–2017) and Ian Archer in Cartoon Network's \"\"Tower Prep\"\" (2010). He has also starred as Remi Delatour on Lifetime's \"\"Devious Maids\"\" (2013–2015), and as Detective",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19017123",
"chunk_text": "\"A (Pretty Little Liars)\"\nfirst; Ian's body disappears and the town is largely convinced that it was a hoax. \"\"A\"\" even teases Spencer, stating, \"\"Just because I said Ian had to go, it didn't mean he had to die.\"\" \"\"A\"\" pretends to be Ian, using an IM screenname of USCMidfielderRoxx, a testament to his alma mater and his love for field hockey. Through this new fake identity, \"\"A\"\" feeds Spencer some interesting information about her family, specifically her father's affair with Mrs. DiLaurentis and the possibility that Ali is her half sister. \"\"A\"\" proceeds to torment the girls even more: they force Spencer to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7718870",
"chunk_text": "\"Pretty Little Liars (book series)\"\nshe eventually turned into and befriended the Liars up until the night of her infamous disappearance when she was killed and buried by the real Alison DiLaurentis and her accomplice Nick Maxwell. A: A is the main antagonist of the series, being, for the most part, an anonymous character who relentlessly torments many characters, in particular the Liars. Mona Vanderwaal, Alison DiLaurentis and Nick Maxwell are discovered to be A. Mona became A due to Alison and the Liars being responsible for The Jenna Thing, which burned her too. However, she is killed when Spencer pushes her off a cliff",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_812
|
who played amy grant i i can only imagine?
|
n/a
|
[
"Nicole DuPort"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "14313249",
"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\nsinger, and convinces Christian music producer Scott Brickell to manage the band and secure a showcase in Nashville. Bart surprises Shannon and invites her to tour with the band, and is confused when she flatly refuses. In Nashville, Brickell introduces Bart to established artists Amy Grant and Michael W. Smith, but is unable to convince several record execs to sign the band, who do not believe the band, now performing as \"\"MercyMe\"\", is good enough. Devastated, Bart quits the band, but Brickell perceives that Bart needs to resolve issues in his personal life, so Bart reconciles with the band and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14313245",
"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\nI Can Only Imagine (film) I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best-selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, Trace Adkins and Brody Rose also star. \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" was released in the United States on March 16,",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\n1 film in DVD sales and rentals for the week ending June 16, 2018. I Can Only Imagine (film) I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best-selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, Trace Adkins and Brody Rose also",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gianna Simone\"\nGianna Simone Gianna Simone (born December 22, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer. She has appeared in roles in the feature films \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\" (2013), \"\"Mother's Day\"\" (2016), \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" (2018), (2018), and several television series. Simone is originally from Boston, Massachusetts and during her youth, lived in East Boston, Chelsea, Revere, and Wilbraham. She was abused as a child and placed in Boston's foster care system at thirteen years old.> Her father, Anthony Baxter, was unable to serve as her caretaker at the time, though Simone has since said that Baxter has been",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\nand he reunites with Shannon, who was also in attendance. The band releases the song as their first single, achieving success on both Christian and mainstream radio. The film was announced in December 2016. Dennis Quaid joined the cast in January 2017. Broadway actor J. Michael Finley, who sang all the songs in the movie, makes his film debut as Bart Millard. The same month, it was announced that the film was slated for release in the spring of 2018. In August 2017, Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions signed on as distributors for the film for a nationwide release in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\ndeep bond, but Arthur soon dies of his illness. After Arthur's funeral, Bart rejoins the band and writes \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\", and also calls Shannon and apologizes for the first time since their breakup. Brickell sends the demo tape to several artists, including Grant, who, deeply moved by the song, asks to record it herself as her next single, and Bart, who just wants the song to be heard, accepts. Grant begins the song, but can't bring herself to sing it, and calls Bart on stage from the audience to sing it himself. Bart's performance earns an enthusiastic ovation,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rachel Hyde-Harvey\"\nRachel Hyde-Harvey Rachel Hyde-Harvey (born 21 March 1987 in Kettering, Northamptonshire) is a British actress and singer best known for her role as Amy in the CBBC's \"\"I Dream\"\" alongside S Club 8. Rachel attended Chaplins Stage School, Northampton. Then she trained at Sylvia Young Theatre School with her \"\"I Dream\"\" co-star Matt Di Angelo. Rachel began her acting career in 1998, when she has played Juliet in the drama \"\"Romeo and Juliet\"\". In 2000, she took part in two theater productions, both at Wellingborough Castle Youth Theatre: \"\"Road\"\", in the role of Helen, and \"\"Haroun and the Sea of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rachel Hyde-Harvey\"\nvideo for the song is on YouTube since 16 June 2016. Rachel Hyde-Harvey Rachel Hyde-Harvey (born 21 March 1987 in Kettering, Northamptonshire) is a British actress and singer best known for her role as Amy in the CBBC's \"\"I Dream\"\" alongside S Club 8. Rachel attended Chaplins Stage School, Northampton. Then she trained at Sylvia Young Theatre School with her \"\"I Dream\"\" co-star Matt Di Angelo. Rachel began her acting career in 1998, when she has played Juliet in the drama \"\"Romeo and Juliet\"\". In 2000, she took part in two theater productions, both at Wellingborough Castle Youth Theatre: \"\"Road\"\",",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bart Millard\"\n\"\"Christianity Today\"\" in 2005, for his work on \"\"Hymned No. 1\"\" and \"\"The Christmas Sessions\"\" album with MercyMe. Millard's \"\"Hymned No. 1\"\" was called the No. 9 best album of the year by \"\"Christianity Today\"\" in 2005. Millard's song \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" was inspired by his father's death, and was made into a film also titled \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\". The film was released in March 2018. Millard is from Greenville, Texas. He and his wife Shannon have five children: Sam, Gracie, Charlie, Sophie and Miles. Bart Millard Bart Marshall Millard (born December 1, 1972) is an American singer",
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"chunk_text": "\"Indra J. Adler\"\nIndra J. Adler Indra J. Adler (born 24 October 1980) is a British actress, writer, singer, and songwriter. Indra grew up in Stratford-upon-Avon and spent time living in Lodz, Poland and Paris, France. Her childhood is often described as unusual and bohemian. She attended the award winning Trinity School, later renamed Trinity Catholic Technology College, graduated with a Diploma in Performance from Trinity. Guildhall and also trained in Los Angeles. In 2001, she joined The Bird Of Prey Theatre Company and performed in three productions, most notably receiving critical acclaim for her performance in Jennifer Elvy’s \"\"I Can Only Think",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mission Pictures International\"\nfeature film \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" starring Dennis Quaid, which released through Lionsgate/Roadside Attractions on March 16, 2018. \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" shattered industry box office predictions to take the #3 spot at the U.S. box office in its first 2 weeks of release. \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" grossed over $83 million to date in domestic ticket sales, a rare A+ Cinemascore and become the #3 Music Biopic and #6 Christian Film in modern day history. Mission Pictures International was founded in 2008 by entertainment industry veterans Cindy Bond and Chevonne O'Shaughnessy. The company specializes in distributing family friendly films",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)\"\nincluding Michael Tait, Tammy Trent, Bob Herdman, and Jesse Katina, each holding an empty picture frame to signify their loss of a loved one; as the video progresses, they are holding pictures of their loved ones including Millard with his father's photograph. The video opens with a shot of an empty room and a chair, shifting to show a young boy climbing up a flight of stairs. The camera then shifts to the band before returning to the boy, now in an attic which is filled with many empty picture frames. The video alternates between shots of the boy and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Cloris Leachman\"\nof the professionals and father of two-time champion Mark Ballas. Leachman is the oldest person to compete on the show to date. Leachman played the role of Memaw in the film \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\", which is about the story behind the song of the same name by MercyMe. From 1953 to 1979, Leachman was married to Hollywood impresario George Englund. Her former mother-in-law was character actress Mabel Albertson. The marriage produced five children, four sons and one daughter: Bryan (died 1986), Morgan, Adam, Dinah, and George. Some of them are in show business. Her son Morgan played Dylan on",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)\"\nartists. In 2002 Amy Grant released a reworked version of the song (titled \"\"Imagine\"\" and paired with \"\"Sing the Wondrous Love of Jesus\"\") on her album, \"\"Legacy... Hymns and Faith\"\". In 2003, Jeff Carson and Kathryn Scott each issued variants of the song; Carson's version peaked at No. 50 on the Country Songs chart. In 2005 Wynonna Judd issued her form of the song; while in 2007 Emerson Drive provided theirs. The song was covered again in 2010 by Marie Osmond and in 2013 by gospel artist Tamela Mann. The song was performed live by Garwin Dobbins, a man struggling",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)\"\nDennis Quaid. The film was released on March 16, 2018. I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" (sometimes shortened to \"\"Imagine\"\") is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album \"\"The Worship Project\"\", which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\n2018. It was a massive box office success, grossing $85 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, becoming the fourth highest-grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers. At the 2018 Dove Awards, the film won \"\"Inspirational Film of the Year\"\". 10-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day his mother drops him off at a Christian camp where he meets Shannon. Upon his return from",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gianna Simone\"\nand permanent homes. Simone also serves on the board of The Plantrician Project. Simone is of Italian descent and identifies as a Christian and vegan. She likes extreme sports, including riding motorcycles and skydiving, and is an avid aerialist and target shooter. Simone resides in Los Angeles. Gianna Simone Gianna Simone (born December 22, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer. She has appeared in roles in the feature films \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\" (2013), \"\"Mother's Day\"\" (2016), \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" (2018), (2018), and several television series. Simone is originally from Boston, Massachusetts and during her youth, lived",
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"chunk_text": "\"Melinda Culea\"\n(2001). She was an executive producer of Peter Markle's film \"\"Odds Are...\"\" (2018). Melinda Culea Melinda Culea (born May 5, 1955 in Western Springs, Illinois) is an American film and television actress, who moved into acting after working as a model. , she is working as an author and artist. Her first book \"\"Wondago\"\" is an illustrated mystery novel published in January 2016 by Griffith Moon Publishing. Culea is best known for playing Amy Amanda Allen in the 1980s hit TV series \"\"The A-Team\"\". Her role was as a newspaper reporter who joined the team for the first season and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Deena Freeman\"\nDeena Freeman Deena Freeman (born February 11, 1956) is an American actress who has appeared in movies, television and commercials. Freeman is most remembered for her ongoing role as April, the niece of Henry Rush in the sitcom \"\"Too Close for Comfort\"\" (1981–1982). Freeman was born in Palo Alto, California. Along with appearing in high school stage productions, she became a regular member of the TheatreWorks acting company. She was a featured player in several productions, including \"\"Story Theatre\"\" (1975) and \"\"Ah, Wilderness!\"\" (1976) where she performed as Mildred Miller (with Željko Ivanek as her brother, Richard). After high school,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Madeline Carroll\"\nThe CW's drama \"\"Blink\"\". She has also appeared in commercials for companies such as Allstate, Avery NoteTabs, the Camp Rock sweepstakes, Chef Boyardee, Kmart, Mr. Clean, Subway, Super 8 Motels and Target Corporation. In 2018, Madeline Carroll took a lead role in a Christian film based on the life of Bart Millard called \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\". She is a self-proclaimed Christian, and has appeared on Christian Broadcasting Network network. Madeline Carroll Madeline Carroll (born March 18, 1996) is an American actress. Carroll was born and raised in Los Angeles. Her mother is a homemaker and her father is a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Amy Brenneman\"\nAmy Brenneman Amy Frederica Brenneman (born June 22, 1964) is an American actress, writer, and producer. Brenneman rose to prominence after her performance as Detective Janice Licalsi in the ABC police drama series \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" (1993–1994), for which she was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards. She gained further recognition for starring in various films, including \"\"Heat\"\" (1995), \"\"Fear\"\" (1996), \"\"Daylight\"\" (1996), \"\"Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her\"\" (2000), \"\"Nine Lives\"\" (2005), and \"\"The Jane Austen Book Club\"\" (2007). Brenneman created and starred as Judge Amy Gray in the CBS drama series \"\"Judging Amy\"\" (1999–2005). For her",
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"chunk_text": "\"Deena Freeman\"\nDavid Brandes, and has two daughters, Aviva and Noa Brandes, who also are actresses. In 2004, she and her husband co-founded the Jewish Children's Theatre. She currently works as an acting coach. Deena Freeman Deena Freeman (born February 11, 1956) is an American actress who has appeared in movies, television and commercials. Freeman is most remembered for her ongoing role as April, the niece of Henry Rush in the sitcom \"\"Too Close for Comfort\"\" (1981–1982). Freeman was born in Palo Alto, California. Along with appearing in high school stage productions, she became a regular member of the TheatreWorks acting company.",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)\"\nwith fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, a crippling disease referred to as Stone Man's syndrome, in which the body's repair mechanism replaces muscle with bone, causing many joints to become permanently frozen in place. Dobbins, who died in 2004, sang the song on a broadcast of Austin Awakening, accompanied by pastor Randy Phillips of Phillips, Craig and Dean. Footage of the performance was featured in the finale of the Trevor Glass documentary \"\"Suffer the Children.\"\" There is also a German version \"\"Ich kann nur davon träumen\"\". The story behind the song was made into a feature film starring J. Michael Finley and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Pamela Gidley\"\nShe starred as Audrey Westin in the short-lived mystery series \"\"Strange Luck\"\" which lasted one season. Other television credits include \"\"Crime Story\"\", \"\"Tour of Duty\"\", and the serial drama \"\"Skin\"\", which was cancelled after just eight episodes, and she guest starred in an episode of \"\"The Closer\"\". She also directed and wrote the 2004 short film \"\"I Just Forgot\"\". She died at her home in Seabrook, New Hampshire, on April 16, 2018, aged 52. The cause of death has not been disclosed. Pamela Gidley Pamela Catherine Gidley (June 11, 1965 – April 16, 2018) was an American actress and model.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Melinda Culea\"\nMelinda Culea Melinda Culea (born May 5, 1955 in Western Springs, Illinois) is an American film and television actress, who moved into acting after working as a model. , she is working as an author and artist. Her first book \"\"Wondago\"\" is an illustrated mystery novel published in January 2016 by Griffith Moon Publishing. Culea is best known for playing Amy Amanda Allen in the 1980s hit TV series \"\"The A-Team\"\". Her role was as a newspaper reporter who joined the team for the first season and half of the second season. Introduced in the feature-length pilot episode \"\"Mexican Slayride\"\",",
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"chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Anne Allen\"\nElizabeth Anne Allen Elizabeth Anne Allen (born November 18, 1970) is an American actress. Allen is best known for her recurring role as the witch Amy Madison on the television series \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\". Allen is an alumna of Gloversville High School in Gloversville, New York and graduated from Russell Sage College in Troy, NY in 2001. After college she moved to Hollywood to begin an acting career. Since 1992, Allen has worked regularly, primarily in guest or recurring roles on various television series, including \"\"Doogie Howser, M.D.\"\" and \"\"Silk Stalkings\"\". Allen also had a recurring role in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Grant Gustin\"\nduet in the season three episode \"\"Michael\"\", backed by musical duo 2Cellos. The song was filmed in a similar environment as the 2Cellos music video, in a room surrounded by empty chairs as the two musicians play. This cover debuted and peaked at number 26 at \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, number 10 at \"\"Billboard\"\" Digital Songs, and number 28 at \"\"Billboard\"\" Canadian Hot 100 chart at the week of February 18, 2012. Gustin began filming \"\"A Mother's Nightmare\"\", an original film for the Lifetime network, in late May 2012. The project also stars actresses Annabeth Gish and Jessica Lowndes, and was",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\nUnited States. \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" grossed $83.4 million in the United States, and Canada and $1.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $85.2 million, against a production budget of $7 million. It is the fourth-highest grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States, behind \"\"Bohemian Rhapsody\"\", \"\"Straight Outta Compton\"\" and \"\"Walk the Line\"\". It is also the highest-grossing independent film of 2018. \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" was released on March 16, 2018, alongside \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" and \"\"Love, Simon\"\", and was originally projected to gross $2–4 million from 1,620 theaters in its opening weekend. However, after",
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"chunk_text": "\"Amy Bruckner\"\nstarring in shows like \"\"ER\"\", \"\"Malcolm In the Middle\"\", \"\"The West Wing\"\", \"\"Oliver Beene\"\", \"\"Judging Amy\"\", and \"\"Ally McBeal\"\". She sang a backing soprano vocal role in Cinderella's song \"\"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes\"\" with the Disney Channel Circle of Stars. Amy Bruckner Amelia Ellen \"\"Amy\"\" Bruckner (born March 28, 1991) is an American actress and singer noted for her roles in the Disney Channel shows \"\"Phil of the Future\"\" and \"\"\"\". Bruckner has also been featured in Hollywood films such as \"\"Nancy Drew\"\", in which she plays Bess Marvin and in \"\"Rebound\"\" in the role of",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)\"\nI Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" (sometimes shortened to \"\"Imagine\"\") is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album \"\"The Worship Project\"\", which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major-label debut album \"\"Almost There\"\" as",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sarah Goldberg\"\nSarah Goldberg Sarah Goldberg (born May 31, 1985) is a Canadian actress, best known for originating the role of Betsey/Lindsey in the Royal Court Theatre's production of \"\"Clybourne Park\"\". She was nominated for a 2011 Olivier award for her portrayal and later joined the Broadway company. Born to a Jewish family, Goldberg played Alison Porter in Sam Gold's Off-Broadway revival of \"\"Look Back in Anger\"\" opposite Adam Driver and Matthew Rhys. Other credits include \"\"Apologia\"\", \"\"Six Degrees of Separation\"\", \"\"The Great God Pan\"\", the television series \"\"Hindsight\"\", and \"\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\". In February 2016 it was announced that Goldberg",
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"chunk_text": "\"Schuyler Grant\"\nSchuyler Grant Schuyler Grant (born Schuyler DeBarthe Ranson Grant; April 29, 1970) is a former American actress best known for supporting roles in television, including the popular \"\"Anne of Green Gables\"\" mini-series. Grant is the daughter of Jack Grant and Ann Grant. She has one brother, Jason Grant. Notable relatives include her aunt Katharine Houghton and her great-aunt Katharine Hepburn. Grant is best known for her work in \"\"Anne of Green Gables\"\". The film, a Canadian production, also starred Richard Farnsworth, Colleen Dewhurst, and Megan Follows in the starring role of Anne Shirley. Grant played Anne's \"\"bosom friend\"\" and closest",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lindsay Felton\"\nand Felton was eliminated in the final episode, finishing in third place. Lindsay Felton Lindsay Marie Felton (born December 4, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Caitlin Seeger in \"\"Caitlin's Way\"\" and Anna Morgan in \"\"Anna's Dream\"\". Felton was born in Seattle, Washington. She had a variety of roles since beginning acting in advertisements on local television at age three. Her first major network television appearance came in 1994 on the short-lived ABC sitcom \"\"Thunder Alley\"\", as the granddaughter of Edward Asner's character. She made her feature film debut in 1998 in \"\"\"\".",
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"chunk_text": "\"Anna Chlumsky\"\nAnna Chlumsky Anna M. Chlumsky (; born December 3, 1980) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actress, best known playing the lead role of Vada Sultenfuss in \"\"My Girl\"\" (1991) and its 1994 sequel. Between 1999 and 2005, Chlumsky's career entered a hiatus while she attended college. She returned to acting with roles in several independent films, including \"\"Blood Car\"\" (2007) and \"\"In the Loop\"\" (2009). Since 2012, Chlumsky has portrayed Amy Brookheimer on the HBO television series \"\"Veep\"\", for which she has received five consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting",
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"chunk_text": "\"Kirby Bliss Blanton\"\nKirby Bliss Blanton Kirby Bliss Blanton (born October 24, 1990) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Kirby in the comedy film \"\"Project X\"\" and as Amy in the horror film \"\"The Green Inferno\"\". The youngest of four children, she grew up in The Woodlands, Texas, and started her career doing modeling and commercials in nearby Houston. After doing some month-long stints in Los Angeles, she moved there permanently with her mother. Her first acting role was in the Nickelodeon series \"\"Unfabulous\"\" in 2004. She also played small parts on shows such as \"\"Zoey 101\"\" and",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)\"\nis set in the key of E major and has a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute with a vocal range from B–G. The song opens up with only a piano, and builds up to include guitar and drums. Millard is credited with both the lyrics and music to the song. The song was produced by Pete Kipley, who had worked with MercyMe previously as well as with artists including Rebecca St. James, Phil Wickham and Lincoln Brewster. The lyrics to the song are based around the narrator wondering what it will be like in Heaven and to",
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"chunk_text": "\"Amy Walker\"\nActress\"\". Amy was awarded Best Actress for her role as Pam Brent in \"\"Personal Call\"\" the following year. Amy Walker and Mike Shafer were awarded Best Music Video for \"\"We Are Connected\"\" at the 2009 Raindance Short Film Festival. Amy Walker Amy Frances Walker is an American actress, singer, director, and artist. Amy Walker was born in Seattle, Washington. Growing up, she performed in a wide variety of plays and musicals, including Audrey in \"\"Little Shop of Horrors\"\", Hero in Shakespeare's \"\"Much Ado About Nothing\"\" and Helen Keller in \"\"The Miracle Worker\"\". Amy studied acting and singing at the University",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lindsay Felton\"\nLindsay Felton Lindsay Marie Felton (born December 4, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Caitlin Seeger in \"\"Caitlin's Way\"\" and Anna Morgan in \"\"Anna's Dream\"\". Felton was born in Seattle, Washington. She had a variety of roles since beginning acting in advertisements on local television at age three. Her first major network television appearance came in 1994 on the short-lived ABC sitcom \"\"Thunder Alley\"\", as the granddaughter of Edward Asner's character. She made her feature film debut in 1998 in \"\"\"\". In 2000, Felton got her first starring role, as Caitlin Seeger on",
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"chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Grant\"\nJennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant (born February 26, 1966) is an American actress, the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon. She is best known for roles in the television series \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" and \"\"Movie Stars\"\". Jennifer Grant was born on February 26, 1966, in Burbank, California. Her parents divorced when she was only two years old. The reasons given for their divorce were that her father was unable to find his \"\"perfect wife\"\"; in addition, there was a 33-year age difference. Jennifer had a close relationship with her father for the rest of his life. Partly",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Can Only Imagine (film)\"\nof spirit and hopeful, all qualities that are always appreciated, be they rooted in Christian faith or otherwise.\"\" David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a \"\"C–\"\" saying: \"\"There’s a reason why all of these movies are so amateurishly made; why they all end with links to religious websites; why they all look like they were shot on an iPhone by a Walmart-brand Janusz Kaminski who lit each interior like the white light of heaven was streaming through every window...Art can be affirmation, but affirmation cannot be art.\"\" Faith-based reviewers mostly gave the movie positive reviews. Megan Basham of \"\"World",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "7424196",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Grant\"\nto support \"\"\"\", a multi-platform media project inspired by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's book. Grant's next album, \"\"How Mercy Looks from Here\"\", was released on May 14, 2013 and was produced by Marshall Altman. The album reached No. 12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 chart, making it her highest charting album since 1997's \"\"Behind the Eyes\"\". Two singles were released from the album: \"\"Don't Try So Hard\"\" and \"\"If I Could See\"\", both of which charted on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Christian Songs chart. On August 19, 2014, she released an album of hits remixed by well known engineers and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Amy Busby\"\nthey separated by 1938. Late in life, she enjoyed baseball as a fan of the Brooklyn Dodgers. Amy Busby died in 1957, aged 85 years, in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. Amy Busby Amy Busby (January 19, 1872 — July 13, 1957) was an American actress. Amy Busby was born in Rochester, New York, the daughter of Thomas Mark Busby and Eliza Ann Bennett Busby. Amy Busby went to New York City as a teenager, hoping for a career on the stage. Described as \"\"a vastly pretty woman\"\", she was a protegee of actress Helen Barry for a time, and later was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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{
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"chunk_id": "18778403",
"chunk_text": "\"Dina Korzun\"\nDina Korzun Dianna Alexandrovna \"\"Dina\"\" Korzun (; born 13 April 1971) is a Russian theater and film actress. Dina Korzun was born in Smolensk. She graduated from secondary school and Art school, studied ballet and modern dancing. After graduation from the prestigious Moscow Art Theatre School (), she was asked to join the Chekhov Moscow Arts Theater Troupe, where she was a stage actress (1996–2000). Her major roles were Katerina in \"\"Storm\"\", She in \"\"I Can't Imagine Tomorrow\"\" and Helena in \"\"Midsummer Night's Dream”. Korzun made her screen debut in Valery Todorovsky’s \"\"Country of the Deaf\"\" (1998). Her performance as",
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"chunk_id": "10118435",
"chunk_text": "\"Bellamy Young\"\nto spread migraine awareness. Young partnered with Merck & Co., in November 2016, to help educate people on the importance of biomarker testing in non-small cell lung cancer, the disease that killed her adopted father. Bellamy Young Bellamy Young (born Amy Maria Young; February 19, 1970) is an American actress and singer, best known for her role as President Melody \"\"Mellie\"\" Grant in the ABC drama series\"\" Scandal\"\" (2012–2018). In 2014, for her portrayal of Mellie, Young won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Young was born as Amy Maria Young in Asheville,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15945030",
"chunk_text": "\"Anna Chlumsky\"\nshe stated that she has lived in Brazil and speaks fluent Brazilian Portuguese. Anna Chlumsky Anna M. Chlumsky (; born December 3, 1980) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actress, best known playing the lead role of Vada Sultenfuss in \"\"My Girl\"\" (1991) and its 1994 sequel. Between 1999 and 2005, Chlumsky's career entered a hiatus while she attended college. She returned to acting with roles in several independent films, including \"\"Blood Car\"\" (2007) and \"\"In the Loop\"\" (2009). Since 2012, Chlumsky has portrayed Amy Brookheimer on the HBO television series \"\"Veep\"\", for which she",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
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"chunk_id": "2145437",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Ryan\"\nAmy Ryan Amy Beth Dziewiontkowski (born November 30, 1969), known professionally as Amy Ryan, is an American actress of stage and screen. A graduate of New York's High School of Performing Arts, she is an Academy Award nominee and two-time Tony Award nominee. Ryan began her professional stage career in 1987 and made her Broadway debut in 1993 as a replacement in the original production of \"\"The Sisters Rosensweig\"\". She went on to receive Tony Award nominations for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the 2000 revival of \"\"Uncle Vanya\"\" and the 2005 revival of \"\"A Streetcar Named Desire\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19225684",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Chance\"\nvideos. She writes a popular beauty blog, The Amy Face, and regularly contributes to beauty stories for In Style and Grazia magazines. She has been a regular, on camera beauty correspondent for ET on MTV. Amy works closely with musician Lily Allen, and has worked with notable directors such as David Lynch and Tony Kaye. She is close friends with Annie Hardy. She is married to Shaun Lopez. Amy Chance Amy Chance (born July 21, 1975) is a former American child actor born in Hollywood, California. Amy played Aphrodesia, one of the first characters introduced in the cult television show",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19507520",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Stoch\"\na Bachelor of Arts in Theatre from Ashland University, and a Masters from California State University, Northridge. In 2012, she completed a PhD in Theatre History, Theory, and Criticism from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Currently, she teaches Acting for the Camera and Critical Studies courses at AMDA College and Conservatory for the Performing Arts in Los Angeles. Amy Stoch Amy Elizabeth Stoch (born December 13, 1958), also known as Amy Stock and Amy Stock-Poynton, is an American actress and academic. Stoch was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, and wanted to be an actress from a young age.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4493398",
"chunk_text": "\"Faye Grant\"\nFaye Grant Faye Grant (born Faye Elizabeth Yoe, July 16, 1957) is an American film, television and stage actress. She is best known for her role as Julie Parrish in NBC's science fiction series, \"\"V\"\", between 1983 and 1985. Grant was born in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. Her father was a police officer in her home town. She is a 1975 graduate of Lake Shore High School. Her first television role was on the TV series \"\"The Greatest American Hero\"\", in which she appeared as Rhonda Blake, one of the students of main character Ralph Hinkley (William Katt). Her best-known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "991151",
"chunk_text": "\"Wendie Malick\"\nWendie Malick Wendie Malick (born December 13, 1950) is an American actress and former fashion model, best known for her roles in television comedies. She starred as Judith Tupper Stone in the HBO sitcom \"\"Dream On\"\", and as Nina Van Horn in the NBC sitcom \"\"Just Shoot Me!\"\", for which she was nominated for two Primetime Emmys and a Golden Globe Award. She also starred as Victoria Chase in the TV Land comedy series \"\"Hot in Cleveland\"\". She is also known for her recurring role as Ronee Lawrence on the final season of \"\"Frasier\"\". Malick also played many character roles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_813
|
who played the villain in tiger zinda hai?
|
n/a
|
[
"Sajjad Delafrooz"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "7939061",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\nTiger Zinda Hai Tiger Zinda Hai () is a 2017 Indian action thriller film, directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and co-written by Neelesh Misra. The film stars Salman Khan, Katrina Kaif and Sajjad Delfrooz in leading roles, with Angad Bedi, Kumud Mishra, Nawab Shah, Ivan Rodrigues, Girish Karnad and Paresh Rawal in supporting roles. The film is the sequel to the 2012 film \"\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\" and the second installment of the \"\"Tiger\"\" film series, and is based on the 2014 abduction of Indian nurses by ISIL. The first look of the poster was revealed by Salman Khan through his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7939083",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\non music streaming platforms. As of 4 December 2018, the album has 1.4billion views on YouTube. Tiger Zinda Hai Tiger Zinda Hai () is a 2017 Indian action thriller film, directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and co-written by Neelesh Misra. The film stars Salman Khan, Katrina Kaif and Sajjad Delfrooz in leading roles, with Angad Bedi, Kumud Mishra, Nawab Shah, Ivan Rodrigues, Girish Karnad and Paresh Rawal in supporting roles. The film is the sequel to the 2012 film \"\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\" and the second installment of the \"\"Tiger\"\" film series, and is based on the 2014 abduction of Indian",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11264710",
"chunk_text": "Vishwatma\nTridev (Sunny Deol, Naseeruddin Shah, and Jackie Shroff). However, Jackie's son Tiger Shroff had just been born and his astrologer had advised him to not travel abroad for a year. Thus Rai opted to cast Chunky Pandey instead of Shroff. Rai also reused many of the cast members from \"\"Tridev\"\", including Amrish Puri as the main villain, and Raza Murad, Dalip Tahil, Tej Sapru, and Dan Dhanoa as the secondary villains. One main difference being that while Sharat Saxena played a negative role in \"\"Tridev\"\", in this movie he had a positive role as the strict but comedic commissioner of",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "7939063",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\non the script after the release of his film Bharat. 8 years have passed since the events of the previous film, Tiger (Salman Khan) and Zoya (Katrina Kaif) are leading a mundane yet peaceful life, in a secluded place, away from the prying eyes of the RAW & ISI. Officially declared dead in the files of RAW & ISI, Tiger and Zoya are now married and even have a son, Junior (Sartaaj Kakkar). The world believes that they have seen the last of Tiger and Zoya when danger strikes in the form of a powerful, yet an unknown enemy, throwing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5216559",
"chunk_text": "\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\nits theatrical run. With over in revenue worldwide, it became the highest-grossing Indian film of 2012, and is the 15th highest-grossing Indian film of all time, unadjusted for inflation. It also set the record for highest-grossing domestic opening with , a record it held for three years. The film received six \"\"People's Choice Award\"\" nominations, and won five. A sequel titled \"\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\", was released on 22 December 2017. An agent code-named \"\"Tiger\"\" (Salman Khan)India's top spy and an officer of the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)is conducting a mission in northern Iraq. Tiger is forced to kill one",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7939066",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\nof RAW members consisting of Azaan (Paresh Pahuja), an expert sniper, Namit (Angad Bedi), an experienced bomb disposer and Rakesh (Kumud Mishra), a hacker. They reach an oil refinery controlled by Al Amir Baghdawi (Sal Yusuf), ISC's second-in-command, but face difficulty after the arrival of Firdauz aka 'Tohbaan' ('snake' in Arabic), who checks the workers. One day, Tiger rescues Hassan (Jineet Rath), a child who is sent by Usman as a human bomb. That night, Tiger and his gang set a controlled explosion in the refinery and pretend to get burned so that they are taken to the hospital. En",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18266843",
"chunk_text": "\"Pramod Moutho\"\nPramod Moutho Pramod Moutho (Pramod Muthu) (born 1955) is an Indian film and television actor. He has appeared as a villain in number of noted Bollywood films, like \"\"Khalnayak\"\" (1993), \"\"Dilwale\"\" (1994), \"\"Raja Hindustani\"\" (1996), \"\"\"\" (2001) and \"\"Jodhaa Akbar\"\" (2008) and over 120 other Hindi movies. Born at Amritsar in 1955 as Pramod Sharma, Pramod Moutho started acting in stage plays while studying in NJSA Government College, Kapurthala. He, along with Lalit Behl, Satish Sharma, Ravi Deep and Harjeet Walia staged plays. As a college student, Pramod used to play Mouth Organ. That is how his friends gave him",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16358057",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Prabhakar\"\nTiger Prabhakar Tiger Prabhakar (30 March 1947 – 25 March 2001), also known as Kannada Prabhakar, was an Indian film actor known for his works predominantly in Kannada and Telugu cinema, with a few Malayalam, Tamil and Bollywood films. He is known for his villainous roles. Prabhakar started his film career by appearing in a negative role in small-budget movies. His first film was \"\"Kaadina Rahasya\"\". As his career progressed, he acted in stunt, action, and thriller movies. After gaining recognition, he went on to act in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, and Malayalam movies. He appeared in around 450 movies. His",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6673434",
"chunk_text": "\"Dan Dhanoa\"\nDan Dhanoa Dan Dhanoa (born Inderpreet Singh Dhanoa) is an Indian Film Actor and a Sailor (Master Mariner) in the Merchant Navy. He is known mostly for portraying cult villainous roles in Hindi cinema in the 1980s and 1990s, in about 100 films, such as \"\"Mard\"\" (1984), \"\"Karma\"\" (1986), \"\"Tridev\"\" (1989) and \"\"Sanam Bewafa\"\" (1991). He was brought into the film industry by actor/director Feroz Khan, but made his debut in the Manmohan Desai film \"\"Mard\"\" as the main villain, opposite Amitabh Bachchan. In 1986, he was first married to Nikii Waalia. Their son Gobind Singh Dhanoa (a.k.a. Tarzan) was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16527047",
"chunk_text": "\"Raja Chaudhary\"\nRaja Chaudhary Raja Chaudhary (born 23 July 1975) is an Indian television actor and producer. He was a contestant on reality show Bigg Boss. Raja Chaudhary played a villain in the Bhojpuri film \"\"Saiyyan Hamar Hindustani\"\" opposite Shweta Tiwari. His claim to fame has been reality show \"\"Bigg Boss 2\"\" (Indian Adaptation of Famous show \"\"Big Brother\"\") where he was a runner up. He was nominated many times but was always saved because of great fan following. After Big Boss he also participated in another reality show \"\"Zor Ka Jhatka Total Wipe Out\"\". Raja has also acted in many television",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15277961",
"chunk_text": "\"Mohnish Bahl\"\nMohnish Bahl Mohnish Bahl (born 14 August 1961) is an Indian actor working in the Indian film industry and on Indian television. He is the son of actress Nutan and Lt. Cdr. Rajnish Bahl, and a prominent member of the Mukherjee-Samarth family. Starting his career in 1983 through the film \"\"Bekaraar\"\", he entered limelight through the film \"\"Maine Pyar Kiya\"\" in 1989, starring Salman Khan and Bhagyashree, in which he portrayed the villain role. The success of the film transformed Bahl's career and led to him being a very busy villain and character actor. Other notable roles he did was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18057649",
"chunk_text": "\"Pran (actor)\"\nPran (actor) Pran Krishan Sikand (12 February 1920 – 12 July 2013), better known by his mononym, Pran, was an Indian actor, known as a movie villain and character actor in Hindi cinema from the 1940s to the 1990s. He played hero roles from 1940–47, a villain from 1942–1991, and played supporting and character roles from 1948–2007. In a long and prolific career Pran appeared in over 350 films. He played the leading man in works such as \"\"Khandaan\"\" (1942), \"\"Pilpili Saheb\"\" (1954) and \"\"Halaku\"\" (1956). His roles in \"\"Madhumati\"\" (1958), \"\"Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai\"\" (1960), \"\"Upkar\"\" (1967),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7939070",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\nbe there for his country. Filming took place in Abu Dhabi, Austria, Greece and Morocco. The last song of the movie was shot in the Aegean island of Naxos, Greece in October 2017. Iranian actor Sajjad Delafrooz was roped in to play the role of Abu Usman, leader of terrorist organisation ISC. Sajjad Delafrooz had worked in the 2015 Hindi film \"\"Baby\"\". The film's production budget is reportedly (), including () for the production and the rest for Salman Khan's fees. This would make it one of the most expensive Yash Raj Films productions, along with \"\"Dhoom 3,\"\" \"\"Sultan\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6070503",
"chunk_text": "Ranjeet\nserial \"\"Aisa Des Hai Mera\"\" and Punjabi films. He shot to fame after playing a negative role in the film \"\"Sharmeelee\"\". Sunil Dutt had recommended his name after liking his performance in \"\"Sawan Bhadon\"\" and \"\"Reshma Aur Shera\"\". Ranjeet had come to Mumbai to play the lead role in \"\"Zindagi Ki Rahen\"\", which was shelved. He went ahead to establish himself as a leading villain in the seventies and early eighties. In personal life, he is a vegetarian and non-smoker. In more than 25 films, like \"\"Bandhe Haath, Aamir Garib, Haath Ki Safai, Himlay Se Ooncha, Doti Lota Aur Chapati,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20962768",
"chunk_text": "\"Mizu Ahmed\"\nhe established himself as a villain in the Dhallywood film industry. He is also producing film from his own banner \"\"Friends Movies\"\". At the age of 63, Ahmed died on 27 March 2017 due to cardiac arrest. Mizu Ahmed Mizu Ahmed (17 November 1953 – 27 March 2017) was a Bangladeshi actor and producer. He is mostly known for his villain role in the Bengali film industry. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film \"\"Traas\"\" (1992). Ahmed was born on 17 November 1953 in Khustia, Khulna Division. His birth name is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20962767",
"chunk_text": "\"Mizu Ahmed\"\nMizu Ahmed Mizu Ahmed (17 November 1953 – 27 March 2017) was a Bangladeshi actor and producer. He is mostly known for his villain role in the Bengali film industry. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film \"\"Traas\"\" (1992). Ahmed was born on 17 November 1953 in Khustia, Khulna Division. His birth name is Mizanur Rahman. During his childhood, he was very interested in the theatre. Following year, he involved local drama theatre group. In 1978, Ahmed made his film debut with the film Trishna. After a couple of years later,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17694766",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Number One\"\nTiger Number One Tiger Number One () (earlier titled \"\"Nababzada\"\") is a Bengali action film directed by Shahin Shomon. It stars Shakib Khan, Nipun, Shahara, Amit Hasan, Misha Sawdagor, Shiba Shanu, Kazi Hayat, Abul Hayat, and Don, among others. This is the first film in which Shakib Khan has played a villain role. \"\"Tiger Number One\"\" was released on Eid al-Fitr, 31 August 2011. The film is focused on an innocent young man who later becomes a dangerous killer in the city. According to Orchi Othondrila, mainstream Bangladeshi films are \"\"always based on a central hero while female characters are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2228346",
"chunk_text": "\"Kulbhushan Kharbanda\"\n\"\"Mahi Ve\"\". He has been seen on the stage in plays such as \"\"Teen Farishtay\"\", \"\"Hatya ek akaar ki\"\", \"\"Baki Itihaas\"\", \"\"Ek Shunya Bajirao\"\", \"\"Guinea Pig\"\", \"\"Girdhade\"\", \"\"Sakharam Binder\"\" and, recently, \"\"Atmakatha\"\". Kulbhushan Kharbanda Kulbhushan Kharbanda (born 21 October 1944) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi and Punjabi films. He is best known for his role as the antagonist Shakaal in \"\"Shaan\"\" (1980), inspired by the character Blofeld from James Bond movies. Starting off with the Delhi-based theatre group 'Yatrik' in the 1960s, he moved to films with Sai Paranjpye's \"\"Jadu Ka Shankh\"\" in 1974. He worked in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6999535",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\nofficial Twitter account on 18 October 2017 on the occasion of Diwali. The official trailer was released on 7 November. The film was released on 22 December 2017. With a budget of , it is the one of the most expensive Hindi films and one of the most expensive Indian films of all time. It has grossed more than at the box office, becoming one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. At the 63rd Filmfare Awards, Tom Struthers won the Filmfare Award for Best Action. A sequel is currently under development, director Ali Abbas Zafar will start working",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1948480",
"chunk_text": "\"Iresh Zaker\"\nIresh Zaker Iresh Zaker (; born 6 November 1976) is a Bangladeshi advertising executive and television and film actor. He is the deputy managing director of Asiatic 360, a marketing and advertising company, owned and operated by his parents, actors Aly Zaker and Sara Zaker. Most of Iresh Zaker's work as an actor has been in television, but he has also played villains in several films. He won the National Film Awards Best Performance in a Negative Role in 2015 for his portrayal of antagonist Danny in \"\"Chuye Dile Mon\"\". Zaker was born on 6 November 1976 to actors Aly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17404485",
"chunk_text": "Dipjol\nsuffering from water on the lungs. He underwent heart surgery at Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore. Dipjol Monowar Hossain Dipjol (; born 15 June 1958) is a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, and former ward commissioner. Dipjol is arguably the greatest and scariest villain in history. He has been convicted on numerous charges, including possessing illegal firearms and ammunition, and amassing and concealing illegal wealth. He has been proven innocent and released from jail due to lack of evidence. He was born on 15 June 1958 at Bagbari, ward no. 9, Mirpur, Dhaka. He is married to Rumana Monowar. He is a Dhallywood",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15967677",
"chunk_text": "\"Ek Villain\"\nfilm received positive reviews from critics for its theme, screenplay, direction and performances of Sidharth Malhotra and Riteish Deshmukh primarily and was a commercial blockbuster at the box office with over Rs 100cr gross in India alone. The movie starts with Aisha Verma (Shraddha Kapoor) calling her husband and leaving a message for him. A mysterious man in a hood breaks into her house, murders her with a screwdriver, and throws her out of the window. At her funeral, CBI officer Aditya Rathore (Shaad Randhawa) points out to the police that it is vital to track down the murderer or",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5216557",
"chunk_text": "\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\nEk Tha Tiger Ek Tha Tiger (English: \"\"Once There was a Tiger\"\") is a 2012 action thriller spy film directed and co-written by Kabir Khan, and produced by Aditya Chopra. It is the first film in the \"\"Tiger\"\" franchise, and contains an ensemble cast, which stars Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif, and features Ranvir Shorey, Girish Karnad, Roshan Seth, and Gavie Chahal. The film follows Tiger (Khan), an Indian spy tasked with recovering information before it is gained by Pakistan, but is sidetracked after falling in love with a Pakistani agent during the mission. \"\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\" marked the third",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8971380",
"chunk_text": "\"Shakti Kapoor\"\nShakti Kapoor Shakti Kapoor (born as Sunil Sikanderlal Kapoor on 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in more than 700 films throughout his career. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Kader Khan as the comical or evil duo in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\". Shakti Kapoor was born in Delhi, India to a Punjabi family. His father ran a tailor shop in Connaught Place, New Delhi. After a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10627517",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Shroff\"\nTiger Shroff Tiger Shroff (born Jai Hemant Shroff on 2 March 1990) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. The son of actor Jackie Shroff and producer Ayesha Dutt, he made his film debut with a leading role in the 2014 action comedy \"\"Heropanti\"\", which earned him a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut nomination. Shroff went on to star in the action drama \"\"Baaghi\"\" (2016), which earned over , and went on to star in its highly successful sequel \"\"Baaghi 2\"\" (2018), which earned over worldwide, despite generally negative reviews from critics. Shroff is born on 2",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10168271",
"chunk_text": "\"Shehzad Khan\"\nShehzad Khan Shehzad Khan is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films and TV serials. Shehzad Khan is the son of late actor Ajit and is the brother of actor Arbaaz Ali Khan. He has son, Faris Khan, born in the year 1995. Khan made his acting debut in 1988 film \"\"Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak\"\". He is better known for his role of \"\"Bhalla\"\" in 1994 film \"\"Andaz Apna Apna\"\". He is also popularly known for his character Tiger in the hit TV serial \"\"Shaka Laka Boom Boom\"\". He also sang and wrote an album called \"\"Asli Loin Mix\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "19347549",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger (franchise)\"\ngraphic novels, published by Yomics World. An agent code-named \"\"Tiger\"\" (Salman Khan)India's top spy and an officer of the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)is conducting a mission in northern Iraq. Tiger is forced to kill one of his own men who has defected to Pakistan's spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). He subsequently kills many ISI agents in his escape from Iraq. Tiger returns to India and reports to his boss, Shenoy (Girish Karnad), in New Delhi. He is immediately sent on a mission to Dublin to observe a scientist of Indian origin, Professor Anwar Jamaal Kidwai (Roshan Seth), who teaches",
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"chunk_text": "\"Subrat Dutta\"\nSundar\"\" opposite Indrani Haldar. He next worked in (2012), Bengali project \"\"Koyekti Meyer Golpo\"\" (2012), and some independent Hindi films like \"\"Oass\"\" (2012), \"\"Kaphal\"\" (2012) and \"\"Baromas\"\" (2013), before bagging the role of engineer ghost in super hit film \"\"Bhootnath Returns\"\" (2014). He next appeared as the main villain Bheera in \"\"\"\" (2014) based on tiger poaching in Sundarbans and film director Basu in Akshay Kumar starrer Bollywood film \"\"TheShaukeens\"\" (2014). In both the films his role received critical acclaim. He also appeared in films like \"\"Bumper Draw\"\" (2015), \"\"Charlie Kay Chakkar Mein\"\" (2015) and played lead role as ATS",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\nroute, they are joined by ISI members Captain Abrar (Gavie Chahal) and Captain Javed (Danish Bhatt). Zoya also comes along with Abrar and Javed and reveals to Tiger that along with 25 Indian nurses, 15 Pakistani nurses are held hostage. Tiger then declares that ISI and RAW will work together to rescue the nurses. Meanwhile, Firdauz reveals that he is a secret RAW agent. They go to the hospital while Zoya leaves Tiger to first kill Baghdavi and his troops which she does with the help of some Syrian girls. At the hospital, Rakesh poisons the food. On the day",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Raja Chaudhary\"\nyear 1998 and they have a daughter named Palak. The couple featured together in season 2 of the reality dance show \"\"Nach Baliye\"\". They separated in 2007 after 9 years of marriage due to non reconcilable issues. He divorced her on 10 October 2012. Presently he is married to Shveta Sood (Delhi Based Corporate Professional). Raja Chaudhary Raja Chaudhary (born 23 July 1975) is an Indian television actor and producer. He was a contestant on reality show Bigg Boss. Raja Chaudhary played a villain in the Bhojpuri film \"\"Saiyyan Hamar Hindustani\"\" opposite Shweta Tiwari. His claim to fame has been",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\nof his own men who has defected to Pakistan's spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). He subsequently kills many ISI agents in his escape from Iraq, returns to India and reports to his boss, Shenoy (Girish Karnad), in New Delhi. Tiger is later sent on a mission to Dublin to observe a scientist of Indian origin, Professor Anwar Jamaal Kidwai (Roshan Seth), who teaches at Trinity College and is suspected of sharing his findings with the Pakistan defence establishment. Fellow RAW agent Gopi (Ranvir Shorey) accompanies Tiger on this mission. Tiger meets Kidwai but fails to spend enough time for his",
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},
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"chunk_text": "Sholay\ndialogues of Gabbar Singh. These and other popular dialogues entered the people's daily vernacular. Characters and dialogues from the film continue to be referred to and parodied in popular culture. Gabbar Singh, the sadistic villain, ushered in an era in Hindi films characterised by \"\"seemingly omnipotent oppressors as villains\"\", who play the pivotal role in setting up the context of the story, such as Shakal (played by Kulbhushan Kharbanda) of \"\"Shaan\"\" (1980), Mogambo (Amrish Puri) of \"\"Mr. India\"\" (1987) and Bhujang (Amrish Puri) of \"\"Tridev\"\" (1989). \"\"Filmfare\"\", in 2013, named Gabbar Singh the most iconic villain in the history of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7928240",
"chunk_text": "\"Pavan Malhotra\"\nPavan Malhotra Pavan Malhotra (born 2 July 1958) is a Hindi film and television actor. He has played lead roles in Buddhadeb Dasgupta's National Film Award-winning \"\"Bagh Bahadur\"\" and Saeed Akhtar Mirza's \"\"Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro\"\", both released in 1989. He is famous for his role as the cold-blooded mafia don Irfan Khan in the Telugu blockbuster \"\"Aithe\"\" (2003) and in his acclaimed role of Tiger Memon in \"\"Black Friday\"\" (2004). In 2005, he acted in the Telugu movie \"\"Anukokunda Oka Roju\"\" as a Tantrik. Born in Delhi, Malhotra grew up in Nawabganj, Old Delhi, and studied at Manav",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Sharad Kelkar\"\nbefore. Besides, the premise of the show was unique and I couldn't let it go.\"\". He appeared in \"\"Rocky Handsome\"\" which released on 25 March 2016. In 2017, he was seen in Indian television show \"\"Koi Laut Ke Aaya Hai\"\" as Rishabh Singh Shekhari. In 2017, he played the main antagonist Dhauli in Sanjay Dutt starrer \"\"Bhoomi\"\". Sharad Kelkar married his co-star Keerti Gaekwad Kelkar on 3 June 2005. Sharad and Keerti participated in \"\"Nach Baliye 2\"\". The couple have a daughter named Kesha born in February 2014. Sharad Kelkar Sharad Kelkar (born 7 October 1976) is an Indian actor,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17404483",
"chunk_text": "Dipjol\nDipjol Monowar Hossain Dipjol (; born 15 June 1958) is a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, and former ward commissioner. Dipjol is arguably the greatest and scariest villain in history. He has been convicted on numerous charges, including possessing illegal firearms and ammunition, and amassing and concealing illegal wealth. He has been proven innocent and released from jail due to lack of evidence. He was born on 15 June 1958 at Bagbari, ward no. 9, Mirpur, Dhaka. He is married to Rumana Monowar. He is a Dhallywood film actor, and owns Dipjol Food Industries Limited. Dipjol is the most well-known villain in",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "15045254",
"chunk_text": "\"Kabir Bedi\"\nKabir Bedi Kabir Bedi (born 16 January 1946) is an Indian television and film actor. His career has spanned three continents including India, the United States and especially Italy and many other European countries in three media: film, television and theatre. He is noted for his role as Emperor Shah Jahan in \"\"\"\" and the villainous Sanjay Verma in the 80's blockbuster \"\"Khoon Bhari Maang\"\". He is best known in Italy and Europe for playing the pirate \"\"Sandokan\"\" in the popular Italian TV mini series and for his role as the villainous Gobinda in the 1983 James Bond film \"\"Octopussy\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13360874",
"chunk_text": "\"Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1955)\"\nMazhar Khan (actor, born 1955) Mazhar Khan (22 July 1955 – 16 September 1998) was an Indian film and television actor, producer and director. Mazhar made his debut in the 1979 film \"\"Sampark\"\". He came into recognition with the 1980 film \"\"Shaan\"\" which was directed by Ramesh Sippy and co-starred Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor. The song \"\"Naam Abdul Hai Mera\"\" from the film was picturized on Khan and became popular. He went on to appear in over 40 Hindi films playing villain and supporting roles throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. He also appeared in a Hollywood science fiction",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15391550",
"chunk_text": "\"Kabir Duhan Singh\"\nother ventures which would have seen him portray the protagonist as well as a role in \"\"Bengal Tiger\"\" (2015). The actor then made his debut in Tamil films by portraying a villain in Siva's revenge drama \"\"Vedalam\"\" (2015), which had Ajith Kumar in the lead role. Following the success of his initial films, Kabir began working on several Telugu films at the same time including \"\"Dictator\"\" and \"\"Sardaar Gabbar Singh\"\", and was reported to be the \"\"busiest baddie in Southern filmdom\"\". Kabir Duhan Singh Kabir Duhan Singh (born 8 September 1986 in Faridabad, Haryana) is an Indian film actor, who",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "7708141",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Memon\"\nranging from a minimum of five years to life imprisonment. Yakub Memon, the younger brother of prime accused Tiger Memon, had been charged for possession of unauthorised arms and was executed by hanging on 30 July 2015 in Nagpur jail. , Memon was still at large. The activities of Tiger Memon were a major part of Anurag Kashyap film \"\"Black Friday\"\" (2007), which is based on the 1993 Bombay bombings. Memon was played by Bollywood actor Pavan Malhotra. Tiger Memon Ibrahim Mushtaq Abdul Razak Nadim Memon (born 24 November 1960), better known by the nickname Tiger Memon, is one of",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "10237325",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger (franchise)\"\nTiger (franchise) Tiger is an Indian media franchise, consisting of two Bollywood films and a graphic novel series. The original work is 2012 film, named \"\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\", directed by Kabir Khan and produced by Yash Raj Films. It centers on a fictional character, an Indian spy (RAW) named \"\"Tiger\"\", who falls in love with a Pakistani spy (ISI). It has a sequel named \"\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\", directed by Ali Abbas Zafar, that released on 22 December 2017 . The sequel is based on the 2014 abduction of Indian nurses by ISIL. The first film also spawned a series of",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "15738744",
"chunk_text": "\"Anupam Shyam\"\nAnupam Shyam Anupam Shyam (born Anupam Shyam Saikia on 20 September 1957) is an Indian film and television actor, who usually plays villainous roles. He is well known for his role of \"\"Thakur Sajjan Singh\"\" in the STAR Plus TV series \"\"Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya\"\" (2009). Apart from that, he has worked in films like \"\"Lajja\"\", \"\"Nayak\"\", \"\"Dubai Return\"\", \"\"Parzania\"\", \"\"Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi\"\" (2005), \"\"Shakti: The Power\"\", \"\"Bandit Queen\"\", in the internationally acclaimed movie \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" (2008) and acted in numerous international films set in India. Anupam Shyam Ojha is a native of Pratapgarh in Uttar Pradesh., and an alumnus",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "2955196",
"chunk_text": "\"Kulbhushan Kharbanda\"\nKulbhushan Kharbanda Kulbhushan Kharbanda (born 21 October 1944) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi and Punjabi films. He is best known for his role as the antagonist Shakaal in \"\"Shaan\"\" (1980), inspired by the character Blofeld from James Bond movies. Starting off with the Delhi-based theatre group 'Yatrik' in the 1960s, he moved to films with Sai Paranjpye's \"\"Jadu Ka Shankh\"\" in 1974. He worked in several parallel cinema films before working in the mainstream Hindi film industry. He appeared in Mahesh Bhatt's classic \"\"Arth\"\" (1982), \"\"Ek Chadar Maili Si\"\" (1986), and in all three parts of Deepa",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "9999554",
"chunk_text": "\"Rahul Bose\"\nRahul Bose Rahul Bose (born 27 July 1967) is an Indian film actor, director, screenwriter, social activist, and rugby player. Bose has appeared in Bengali films such as \"\"Mr. and Mrs. Iyer\"\", \"\"Kalpurush\"\", \"\"Anuranan\"\", \"\"Antaheen\"\", \"\"Laptop\"\" and \"\"The Japanese Wife\"\". He has also appeared in Hindi films such as \"\"Pyaar Ke Side Effects\"\", \"\"Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam\"\", \"\"Jhankaar Beats\"\", \"\"Kucch Luv Jaisaa\"\", \"\"Chameli\"\" and \"\"Shaurya\"\". He also played the antagonist in the Tamil thriller \"\"Vishwaroopam\"\" (2013) and its sequel. \"\"Time\"\" magazine named him \"\"the superstar of Indian arthouse cinema\"\" while \"\"Maxim\"\" named him \"\"the Sean Penn of Oriental cinema\"\". for his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7939065",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\nThe CIA give RAW chairman Shenoy (Girish Karnad) seven days of time to rescue the nurses after which they will hold the airstrike. Shenoy feels that only Tiger would be able to rescue the nurses. Based on the clues available, Shenoy locates Tiger and Zoya in Innsbruck. Several days later, Tiger is briefed by Shenoy, who informs him about the abduction of nurses. However Shenoy only tells Tiger about the 25 Indian nurses held in Iraq. Though Tiger is reluctant at first, he sets to carry the mission after Zoya's insistance. Tiger travels to Syria and assembles his own gang",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "15738745",
"chunk_text": "\"Anupam Shyam\"\nof Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts, Lucknow, where he studied from 1983 to 1985. He also supported Anna Hazare's movement held on 27 December 2011 Anupam Shyam Anupam Shyam (born Anupam Shyam Saikia on 20 September 1957) is an Indian film and television actor, who usually plays villainous roles. He is well known for his role of \"\"Thakur Sajjan Singh\"\" in the STAR Plus TV series \"\"Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya\"\" (2009). Apart from that, he has worked in films like \"\"Lajja\"\", \"\"Nayak\"\", \"\"Dubai Return\"\", \"\"Parzania\"\", \"\"Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi\"\" (2005), \"\"Shakti: The Power\"\", \"\"Bandit Queen\"\", in the internationally acclaimed movie \"\"Slumdog",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "18077988",
"chunk_text": "\"Anant Vidhaat Sharma\"\ndirector Ali Abbas Zafar, who was casting for \"\"Gunday\"\" and he was selected for the role of Himanshu. Anant Vidhaat Sharma Anant Vidhaat Sharma is an Actor and Assistant Director, known for \"\"Gunday\"\" (2014), \"\"Mardaani\"\" (2014), \"\"Sultan\"\" (2016) and \"\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\" (2017). Before doing films, he was a theatre artist in Delhi in a theater called the Mohsin's He made his acting debut in the film \"\"Mardaani\"\" (2014). He also worked as an Assistant director in the three movies; \"\"Vaada\"\" (2005), \"\"Shaadi Se Pehle\"\" (2006) and \"\"Milenge Milenge\"\" (2010). He started his career as a theatre actor at Yash",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20460333",
"chunk_text": "\"Ek Tha Tiger\"\nTha Tiger is the first movie to be mastered with Dolby's advanced 96k upsampling technology on a Blu-ray disc\"\". A second film \"\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\" was announced in January 2017 and was in production in March 2017. The film released on 22 December 2017. The sequel is said to be based on true stories. Ek Tha Tiger Ek Tha Tiger (English: \"\"Once There was a Tiger\"\") is a 2012 action thriller spy film directed and co-written by Kabir Khan, and produced by Aditya Chopra. It is the first film in the \"\"Tiger\"\" franchise, and contains an ensemble cast, which stars",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18077985",
"chunk_text": "\"Anant Vidhaat Sharma\"\nAnant Vidhaat Sharma Anant Vidhaat Sharma is an Actor and Assistant Director, known for \"\"Gunday\"\" (2014), \"\"Mardaani\"\" (2014), \"\"Sultan\"\" (2016) and \"\"Tiger Zinda Hai\"\" (2017). Before doing films, he was a theatre artist in Delhi in a theater called the Mohsin's He made his acting debut in the film \"\"Mardaani\"\" (2014). He also worked as an Assistant director in the three movies; \"\"Vaada\"\" (2005), \"\"Shaadi Se Pehle\"\" (2006) and \"\"Milenge Milenge\"\" (2010). He started his career as a theatre actor at Yash Raj Films studio, and was selected for \"\"Gunday\"\" as Himanshu. Sharma became increasingly well-known with a Supporting role",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13360877",
"chunk_text": "\"Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1955)\"\nillustrious father Kamal Amrohi. Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1955) Mazhar Khan (22 July 1955 – 16 September 1998) was an Indian film and television actor, producer and director. Mazhar made his debut in the 1979 film \"\"Sampark\"\". He came into recognition with the 1980 film \"\"Shaan\"\" which was directed by Ramesh Sippy and co-starred Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor. The song \"\"Naam Abdul Hai Mera\"\" from the film was picturized on Khan and became popular. He went on to appear in over 40 Hindi films playing villain and supporting roles throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. He also appeared in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10225668",
"chunk_text": "\"Zinda (film)\"\nbut a mysterious hooded man saves him and takes him to a taxi. The hooded man turns out to be Rohit Chopra (John Abraham). Soon Wong Foo kidnaps Jenny and tortures her. He threatens to remove Bala's teeth with his own clawhammer, but is interrupted by Rohit. Bala takes refuge with Jenny, and they have sex. Bala is informed that his daughter is alive. Bala's friend Joy (Mahesh Manjrekar) is killed, and Bala learns his kidnapper which is none other than Rohit. Rohit reveals his reason of kidnapping Bala: they went to high school together, where Bala had lusted after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_814
|
when did under the cork tree come out?
|
n/a
|
[
"May 3, 2005"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "2531694",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nFrom Under the Cork Tree From Under the Cork Tree is the second studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on May 3, 2005, through Island Records as the band's major label debut. The music was composed by lead vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump, with all lyrics penned by bassist Pete Wentz, continuing the band's songwriting approach they took for some songs on their prior 2003 effort \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\". Neal Avron handled production duties. Commenting on the record's lyrical themes, Wentz said the lyrics were about \"\"the anxiety and depression that goes",
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},
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"chunk_id": "2531696",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nten album and becoming their longest charting and best-selling album. It logged fourteen weeks in the top twenty out of its seventy-eight chart weeks. The album as well as its singles won several awards and achieved Double Platinum status. It has sold over 2.5 million albums in the United States as of 2007, and over 3 million worldwide. As of February 2013 \"\"Cork Tree\"\" has 2.7 million US sales. The album produced two hugely popular hit singles, \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\" and \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" peaking at No. 8 and No. 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 respectively and receiving regular",
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"chunk_id": "12093617",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nbursting at the seams.\"\" \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" listed it among the \"\"40 Greatest Emo Albums of All Time\"\" in 2016, with Brittany Spanos writing it \"\"changed the course of emo-punk, pop-punk and pop itself with \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\", which brought the scene mainstream.\"\" \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" debuted at No. 9 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 with 68,000 copies sold in its first week. It became the band's first top 10 effort, as their 2003 album \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\" did not chart in the top 200. Logging 78 weeks on the chart, \"\"Cork Tree\"\" has sold",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2531697",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nradio play at both Pop and Alternative stations. In 2005 the album was ranked eighteenth on the \"\"Top 100 best-selling albums of the year in the US\"\" with 1,654,320 sales and at No. 43 on IFPI's list of the \"\"Top 50 Best Selling Albums of 2005\"\" worldwide. Internationally it impacted in the UK and Canada. Fall Out Boy formed near Chicago, Illinois, in 2001. The band debuted with a self-released demo in the same year, and in 2002 released a split EP with Project Rocket through Uprising Records. A first mini-album, \"\"Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend\"\" was",
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"chunk_id": "2531698",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nrecorded in 2002 but released in 2003 by Uprising against the band's wishes. Both releases helped Fall Out Boy gain notoriety on the internet and attention from record labels. The band signed with indie label Fueled by Ramen and received an advance from major label Island Records, which financed the production of \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\". \"\"Grave\"\" became an underground success and helped the band gain a dedicated fanbase. Fall Out Boy returned to the studio in November 2004 to begin work on a new album. However, the group suffered a setback in February 2005 after Wentz's anxieties about",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nover 2.7 million copies in the US and over three million worldwide, making it Fall Out Boy's best selling album. It is certified RIAA double platinum for shipments of two million copies. During Christmas 2005, the album again reached its peak of No. 9 with 157,000 sales, posting the band's second biggest sales week to date 2013. By August 2006, the album had sold nearly 2,400,000 copies. Upon the release of Fall Out Boy's 2007 follow-up album \"\"Infinity on High\"\", which debuted at No. 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" re-entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 at No.",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\naudience. \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\"s lead single, \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\", debuted on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 at No. 93 and eleven weeks later it peaked at No. 8 in September 2005. It spent five weeks in the top 10 and 20 weeks (five months) in the top 20, logging a total of 42 weeks on the chart before it was retired. The track received heavy airplay spins on Alternative as well as Pop stations, being a crossover hit. It reached No. 3 on \"\"Billboard\"\" Alternative Songs. Its MTV2-award-winning video enjoyed regular rotation on TV music programs. This",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\n168 with 5,300 sales. In early 2015, the album re-entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 at No. 190 for a 78th week on the strength of the band's \"\"American Beauty/American Psycho\"\" No. 1 album release. On the 2005 year-end charts, \"\"Cork Tree\"\" was No. 53 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, No. 26 in 2006, and No. 187 on the 2000s decade-end chart. Three singles were released from this album: \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\", \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" and \"\"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More \"\"Touch Me\"\"\"\". The first two singles enjoyed mainstream and commercial success and exposed Fall Out Boy to a new",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nsingle, deciding on the former. On March 14, 2006, a separate version of the album was released entitled \"\"From Under the Cork Tree (Limited \"\"Black Clouds and Underdogs\"\" edition)\"\". This consisted of a total 18 tracks, the first 13 being the original release. The album rose to No. 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 upon its re-release, its second week at its peak position. The three new songs and two dance remixes are as follows and in this order: The iTunes Store released a similar \"\"From Under the Cork Tree (Limited \"\"Black Clouds and Underdogs\"\" Edition)\"\" EP consisting of 8 tracks:",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nexposed the band to the mainstream audience and helped them reach great popularity. In the UK, \"\"Sugar\"\" also reached No. 8, and spent 21 weeks in the top 75. \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\" has sold over two million copies in the US and was certified Triple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting the shipment of three million copies. It stands as the band's best-selling single to date. The second single from the album, \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" was also released to commercial success, charting at No. 9 in the US in January 2006 and No. 8 in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nalong with looking at your own life.\"\" In support of their release the group headlined tours worldwide and played at various music festivals. For their Black Clouds and Underdogs tour the album was re-released as \"\"From Under the Cork Tree (Limited \"\"Black Clouds and Underdogs\"\" Edition)\"\", featuring new songs and remixes. The album was Fall Out Boy's breakthrough mainstream success. Spearheaded by the lead single \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\", the album debuted at No. 9 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 with 68,000 first week sales, a position it stayed at for two non-consecutive weeks, earning the band their first top",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nthe above 5 as well as the music videos for \"\"Sugar We're Goin Down\"\" and \"\"Dance, Dance\"\". It also contains a live performance of \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\". The limited edition is sometimes sold along with the regular edition under the same name. The album was repressed on vinyl in January 2013 with the bonus \"\"Black Clouds and Underdogs\"\" tracks. It was on swirled Maroon vinyl, and limited to 1500 copies, and exclusively sold at Hot Topic. Fall Out Boy Guest artists Artwork Other Production Management From Under the Cork Tree From Under the Cork Tree is the second studio",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nUK, a second top 10 hit single for the band in both regions. In the US it spent 14 weeks in the top 20 out of a total of 30 chart weeks before it was retired, being certified Platinum by the RIAA for the shipment of one million units. \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" is Fall Out Boy's highest hit on Alternative radio, peaking at No. 2 on \"\"Billboard\"\" Alternative Songs. It charted at No. 35 on Ireland's singles chart. \"\"Dance, Dance\"\"'s music video won an award for \"\"Viewer's Choice\"\" at the 2006 MTV awards, two Teen Choice Awards for \"\"Rock Track\"\" and",
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"chunk_id": "9941393",
"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Tree\"\nUnderneath the Tree \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" is a song by American singer Kelly Clarkson, from her sixth studio album and first Christmas album, \"\"Wrapped in Red\"\" (2013). Written by Clarkson along with Greg Kurstin, who handled its production, it is a Christmas-themed song that sings of gratitude for companionship during the holidays, in which the beloved is being referred as the only present needed \"\"underneath the tree\"\". Accompanied by various instrumental sounds, the song prominently incorporates a Wall of Sound treatment along with sleigh bells and bell chimes to resonate a holiday atmosphere. \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" was first released to",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\never wanted. Fall Out Boy have never been about goals or ambitions. We started out just for fun, and it became this huge thing. In 2007, it emerged that the band had reached an out of court settlement with American Nightmare vocalist Wesley Eisold, over the use of his poetry in some songs from \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" and \"\"Infinity on High\"\". The settlement led to future pressings of both albums listing Eisold in the credits. The title is taken from a line in the 1936 children's book \"\"The Story of Ferdinand\"\" by Munro Leaf, which Wentz was intrigued",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nby. The story focuses on a bull named Ferdinand who would rather sniff flowers under a cork tree than participate in fights. The album cover features a van with a trailer in a slump of snow. This is a reference to the car accident the band was in while they were driving to New York City to film the video for \"\"Grand Theft Autumn/Where Is Your Boy\"\" from their album \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\". Critical reaction to \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" was generally positive. In an extremely positive review of the album, Johnny Loftus of Allmusic said: \"\"Musically,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12093623",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\n\"\"Single\"\", and helped the band win \"\"People's Choice: Favorite International Group\"\" at the MuchMusic Video Awards. \"\"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More \"\"Touch Me\"\"\"\", the album's third and last single, was much less popular than \"\"Cork Tree\"\"s first two singles but managed to reach No. 65 on the Hot 100. It charted for 13 weeks. On \"\"Billboard\"\" Alternative Songs, it peaked at No. 38. In the UK, \"\"Sixteen Candles\"\" reached No. 38 on the singles chart. The band considered between \"\"A Little Less Sixteen Candles...\"\" and \"\"Sophomore Slump or Comeback of the Year\"\" as the third and last",
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"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Tree\"\nseason of the American singing competition \"\"The Voice\"\" on December 3, 2013. On December 5, 2013, she then performed it on \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\" and on \"\"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\"\". During the 2016 holiday season, Clarkson performed the track on \"\"The Wonderful World of Disney: Magical Holiday Celebration\"\" television special at the Walt Disney World resort, and the recording was used on the holiday comedy film \"\"Office Christmas Party\"\". Credits adapted from the \"\"Wrapped in Red\"\" liner notes. Recording Personnel Underneath the Tree \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" is a song by American singer Kelly Clarkson, from her sixth studio",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Story of Ferdinand\"\nis visible on the cover of his record \"\"Either/Or\"\". The rock band Fall Out Boy named their second studio album \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" after a phrase in the book. The story was adapted by Walt Disney as a short animated film entitled \"\"Ferdinand the Bull\"\" in 1938, in a style similar to his \"\"Silly Symphonies\"\" series (and sometimes considered an unofficial part of that series). \"\"Ferdinand the Bull\"\" won the 1938 Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoons). A 3D feature-length computer-animated film adaptation, titled \"\"Ferdinand\"\", was released on December 15, 2017. Produced by 20th Century Fox Animation",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Take This to Your Grave\"\nIt then logged another eight weeks below No. 20. Again, it fell off and shortly re-entered at No. 43, inching up to No. 42 before dropping off and re-entering at No. 48. It spent its last week on the chart two years after its initial release at No. 47 the week ending May 14, 2005. The band's follow-up release \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" debuted at No. 9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 the following week, which made the band ineligible to chart on the Heatseeker Albums chart any longer. In February 2006, \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\" reached No. 96",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "977824",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Tree (2017 film)\"\nUnder the Tree (2017 film) Under the Tree () is a 2017 Icelandic dark comedy drama film directed by Hafsteinn Gunnar Sigurðsson. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Icelandic entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards, but did not get nominated. Konrad and Eybjorg complain to their neighbours Inga and Baldvin that their tree casts a shadow over their backyard patio. This ignites a feud that escalates exponentially, leading to a tragic yet comedic ending. On review aggregator Rotten",
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"chunk_id": "2092224",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Yum Yum Tree\"\nis self-defensive and self-deluded to comic effect. An older married couple, handyman Murphy (Lynde) and maid Dorcas (Coca) work for Hogan, he the stereotypical harried husband, she the stereotypical loud and overbearing wife. The film was adapted from a Broadway play by Lawrence Roman. The stage production opened on November 16, 1960 at Henry Miller's Theatre and ran for 173 performances. The original cast included Gig Young as Hogan, Sandra Church as Robin, and Dean Jones as David. A television remake was released September 2, 1969, directed by E. W. Swackhamer and starring Ryan O'Neal and Leigh Taylor-Young. Under the",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nand he'll say, 'I don't like that,' and he'll read me lyrics and I'll say, 'I don't like those lyrics.' It's very natural and fun.\"\" Despite this, the band had great difficulty creating its desired sound for the album, constantly scrapping new material. Two weeks before recording sessions began, the group abandoned ten songs and wrote eight more, including the album's first single, \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\". The chorus of \"\"Sugar We're Goin Down\"\" was nearly thrown away by the group's label, but it was ultimately salvaged. Wentz recalled, \"\"Our label told us the chorus was too wordy and the",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\ncreating a new record culminated in a suicide attempt. Wentz explained, \"\"It was overwhelming. I was either totally anxious or totally depressed. It is particularly overwhelming when you are on the cusp of doing something very big and thinking that it will be a big flop. I was racked with self-doubt.\"\" After undergoing therapy, Wentz rejoined the band and headed to Burbank, California to record the album. \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" was recorded in Burbank, California, and served as the first time the band had stayed in California for an extended period of time. The group lived in corporate",
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"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Tree\"\nthe 2017–18 holiday season, the song debuted on the national charts of Germany, Ireland, and Switzerland. On the eve of \"\"Wrapped in Red\"\"s release, RCA Records released an animated lyric video for \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\", featuring shots of ice skating, a snow-covered town, and copious Christmas trees. The lyric video was released to positive reviews, with Idolator's Sam Lansky describing it as \"\"a nice visual accompaniment to the song that just lends an extra high-octane Yuletide cheer to its already-effervescent spirit\"\". Its accompanying music video premiered on December 3, 2013 on Vevo, featuring a live performance from the stage of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Brendon Urie\"\ntheir debut album, \"\"Whisper War\"\". Urie has also been involved with several songs and other projects by former labelmates Fall Out Boy. He provided vocals on the songs \"\"What a Catch, Donnie\"\" and \"\"20 Dollar Nose Bleed\"\" from Fall Out Boy's 2008 album, \"\"Folie à Deux\"\". Urie also sang back vocals on the track \"\"7 Minutes In Heaven\"\" off of Fall Out Boy's \"\"From Under The Cork Tree\"\". In 2008, Urie became involved with a song for the Coca-Cola Company, called \"\"Open Happiness.\"\" Urie sings the chorus of the song, which also features labelmate Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Dance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song)\"\nDance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song) \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy and the second single from their second studio album, \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" (2005). \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" was released to radio on November 1, 2005. Released in late 2005, it peaked at number nine on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and became the band's second consecutive top ten hit song. Outside the United States, \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" peaked within the top ten of the charts in the United Kingdom. It won many awards, including Viewer's Choice at the MTV Video Music Awards and two",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Tree\"\nholiday shoppers that same year. In a 2017 op-ed piece by \"\"Pitchfork\"\" contributor Grayson Haver Currin on guitarist John Fahey's Christmas music, he sampled the song as a \"\"new Christmas classic\"\" along with \"\"All I Want for Christmas Is You\"\". Internationally, \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" became a top forty hit in four countries. After debuting at number 41 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Canadian Hot 100 chart on the week ending December 21, 2013, the song reached a peak of number 28 after a week. In the United Kingdom, it debuted on the Official UK Singles Chart at number 79 on the week",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Arches (song)\"\nmini-series \"\"A Perfect Spy\"\", based on the John le Carré novel, while father and son (the key figures) are running under arches near a British beach. It was also the signature tune for the Radio London \"\"Underneath the Arches\"\" programme. Underneath the Arches (song) \"\"Underneath the Arches\"\" is a 1932 popular song with words and music by Bud Flanagan, and additional lyrics by Reg Connelly. It was one of the most famous songs of the duo Flanagan and Allen. According to a television programme broadcast in 1957, Bud Flanagan said that he wrote the song in Derby in 1927, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "977825",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Tree (2017 film)\"\nTomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 84% based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". Under the Tree (2017 film) Under the Tree () is a 2017 Icelandic dark comedy drama film directed by Hafsteinn Gunnar Sigurðsson. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Icelandic entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards, but did",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "6659410",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Hawthorn Tree (novel)\"\nUnder the Hawthorn Tree (novel) Under the Hawthorn Tree is a children's historical novel by Marita Conlon-McKenna, the first in her Children of the Famine trilogy set at the time of the Great Famine in Ireland. It was published by the O'Brien Press in May 1990. It was adapted for television in 1999. The novel tells the story of three siblings, Eily, Michael and Peggy O'Driscoll, who live in a small cottage in rural Ireland. At the opening of the book, in 1845, blight strikes the family potato plot, and shows the beginning of the Great Famine. Their baby sister",
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"chunk_id": "6659407",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Hawthorn Tree (novel)\"\nUnder the Hawthorn Tree (novel) Under the Hawthorn Tree is a children's historical novel by Marita Conlon-McKenna, the first in her Children of the Famine trilogy set at the time of the Great Famine in Ireland. It was published by the O'Brien Press in May 1990. It was adapted for television in 1999. The novel tells the story of three siblings, Eily, Michael and Peggy O'Driscoll, who live in a small cottage in rural Ireland. At the opening of the book, in 1845, blight strikes the family potato plot, and shows the beginning of the Great Famine. Their baby sister",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Fall Out Boy\"\nflop\"\", he said later. Wentz swallowed a handful of Ativan anxiety pills (he described the act as \"\"hypermedicating\"\") in the Chicago Best Buy parking lot. After being rushed to the hospital and having his stomach pumped, Wentz moved back home to Wilmette to live with his parents. \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" debuted and peaked at number nine on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 upon its May 2005 release. It was spearheaded by the band's breakthrough single, \"\"Sugar, We're Goin' Down\"\", reached number eight in the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in September 2005, and in the UK chart in February 2006, crossing",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nThis time we had more time to sit with the songs and make them work and more of a chance to plan things out. To us, we're throwing the fight, but we didn't write a record that's throwing a fight. We wrote a record that means a lot to us but maybe isn't going to mean a lot to the people who are hyping us as the next big thing. And that's fine. We don't want to be the saviors of anything — we just want to be ourselves. We made a record we really like, and that's all we",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nserved as the primary composer for \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\". He said of the album's musical style: \"\"We experimented quite a bit with all sorts of stuff. Some metal, some folk, some R&B. But ultimately, your band sounds like your band. You can put those things in it, but it's still going to sound like you.\"\" Niyaz Pirani of \"\"The Orange County Register\"\" referred to \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" as \"\"pop-punk-meets-swing-dance glory\"\". On earlier works, Stump collaborated with Wentz on the lyrics. For \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" and albums thereafter, Wentz handled all the lyrical duties. He called them \"\"more",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18760250",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Greenwood Tree (1929 film)\"\nUnder the Greenwood Tree (1929 film) Under the Greenwood Tree is a 1929 British historical drama film directed by Harry Lachman and starring Marguerite Allan, Nigel Barrie and Wilfred Shine. It is an adaptation of the novel \"\"Under the Greenwood Tree\"\" by Thomas Hardy. The film's sets were designed by Wilfred Arnold. It was made at Elstree Studios by the leading British company of the era British International Pictures. Originally intended as a silent film, but following the arrival of sound it had songs and dialogue added using the RCA system. It was released in September 1929 around the same",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13089754",
"chunk_text": "\"Marie Cahill\"\nMarie Cahill Marie Cahill (December 29, 1866 – August 23, 1933) was a Broadway stage actress and vocalist. Her parents were Irish immigrants Richard and Mary (née Groegen) Cahill. She had an older brother named Richard. Both her father and brother ran a brush making business. Cahill began her career in the late 1880s first in her native Brooklyn and then on Broadway. In 1902 in the show \"\"Sally In Our Alley\"\" she introduced the song \"\"Under The Bamboo Tree\"\" which became her signature song and one of the most famous songs from the turn of the century. Also in",
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"chunk_text": "\"2000s in music\"\ntheir last album released before taking an indefinite hiatus in 2005. The band would reunite four years later. After their 1994 breakthrough, Green Day's fame was fading, mainly due to rising popularity of other bands like Good Charlotte and Sum 41. Realising this, they retreated to the studio and produced their seventh studio album \"\"American Idiot\"\" released in 2004. It saw a significant sales boost, selling 14 million copies worldwide and awarding the band 3 Grammy awards. Fall Out Boy's \"\"From Under The Cork Tree\"\" gained commercial success in 2005 and put the band on the pop punk map. The",
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"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nCork Tree's first five tracks are relentless, with razor-sharp melodies that seem familiar but sound totally unique at the same time. The 'Oh! Oh!'s and punchy chords of 'Of All the Gin Joints in All the World' are a thrill greater than any Jimmy Eat World album ever; 'Sugar, We're Going Down' 's half-time shifts are triumphs of tumbling words; and the opening track meditates wryly on all-ages shows' fame. Further, when Fall Out Boy rip into 'Sophomore Slump or Comeback of the Year,' summer 2005 will not be able to ignore them. 'We're the therapists pumping through your speakers/Delivering",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Under the Hawthorn Tree (film)\"\nUnder the Hawthorn Tree (film) Under the Hawthorn Tree () is 2010 Chinese film directed by Zhang Yimou. It was adapted from the popular 2007 novel \"\"Hawthorn Tree Forever\"\" by Ai Mi, which was based on a true story set during the Cultural Revolution. The film was released in Mainland China (September 2010), Hong Kong (November 2010) and in Singapore (February 2011). Set during the end of China's Cultural Revolution in a small village in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, this film is about a pure love that develops between a beautiful high school student, Zhang Jing Qiu and a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Thnks fr th Mmrs\"\nand became the band's highest charting and most popular single in Australia at No. 3 on the ARIA charts. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 units, and Platinum in Australia for shipments of 70,000 copies. The hit single reached the two-million sales mark week ending December 27, 2009 in the US, becoming another two-million seller for the band, along the lines of their earlier single \"\"Sugar, We're Goin Down\"\" from their previous 2005 album \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\". As of February 2014, it has sold 3,527,000 copies. \"\"Thnks fr",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Marie Cahill\"\nyears, dying on December 6, 1939. Marie Cahill Marie Cahill (December 29, 1866 – August 23, 1933) was a Broadway stage actress and vocalist. Her parents were Irish immigrants Richard and Mary (née Groegen) Cahill. She had an older brother named Richard. Both her father and brother ran a brush making business. Cahill began her career in the late 1880s first in her native Brooklyn and then on Broadway. In 1902 in the show \"\"Sally In Our Alley\"\" she introduced the song \"\"Under The Bamboo Tree\"\" which became her signature song and one of the most famous songs from the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Tree\"\nthe bridge. On October 18, 2013, Clarkson premiered \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" on her Vevo channel. On November 5, 2013, RCA Records released it as a single on Adult Contemporary radio stations in the United States, while also planning to release it on Mainstream Pop stations. It was then released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on November 22, 2013, and in the United States on December 9, 2013. A digital EP containing remixes of the song was released internationally on December 17, 2013. \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" has received critical acclaim from various music critics on its release, who",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "5568698",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Driftwood Tree\"\nUnder the Driftwood Tree Under the Driftwood Tree (also known as UDWT) was a Cardiff based Welsh band that formed in 2009. Their music is described as 'surf style folk' and is based on vocal harmonies and unusual instruments, including ukulele, didgeridoos, djembe, cajon and accordion as well as acoustic guitars and bass. The band originally started as an acoustic guitar duo featuring Chris Stoodley and Dylan Thomas - of Pwllheli, with the band-name having been thought-up by Chris, and being an adaption of The Milk Wood by his name sake. Chris and Dylan recorded their first song together in",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Joe Trohman\"\ntouring as the group's bassist. He developed a friendship with the group's singer, Pete Wentz, and the pair discussed forming a more melodic band influenced by groups such as Green Day. Trohman then met Patrick Stump in a Borders bookstore, and recruited him to join the band, which was subsequently named Fall Out Boy. With bassist Pete Wentz as Fall Out Boy's primary lyricist and vocalist Patrick Stump as the primary composer, Fall Out Boy reached mainstream success with its major label debut, \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\". Released in 2005 by Island Records, the album debuted on the US",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "17420670",
"chunk_text": "\"Infinity on High\"\nInfinity on High Infinity on High is the third studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy, released on February 6, 2007 by Island Records as the follow-up to the band's commercially successful 2005 album \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\". Pre-production began in the group's hometown of Chicago, where writing and rehearsal sessions took place. It was recorded from July to October 2006 at the Pass Studios in Los Angeles, California and mixed at the Paramount Recording Studios in Hollywood. The music was composed by lead singer and guitarist Patrick Stump and the lyrics were penned by bassist Pete",
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12123230",
"chunk_text": "\"Dance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song)\"\nseen in the music video for Fall Out Boy's song, \"\"What a Catch, Donnie\"\". All lyrics written by bassist/backing vocalist Pete Wentz; all music composed by lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist Patrick Stump. CD #1: CD #2: 7\"\" vinyl: Dance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song) \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy and the second single from their second studio album, \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" (2005). \"\"Dance, Dance\"\" was released to radio on November 1, 2005. Released in late 2005, it peaked at number nine on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and became the band's second consecutive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2531700",
"chunk_text": "\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\nhousing during the making of the album. In contrast to \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\"'s rushed recording schedule, Fall Out Boy took a much more gradual pace while working on \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\". It was the first Fall Out Boy record in which Stump created all the music and Wentz wrote all the lyrics, continuing the approach they took for some songs on \"\"Grave\"\". Stump felt that this process was much more \"\"smooth\"\" as every member was able to focus on their individual strengths. He explained: \"\"We haven't had any of those moments when I play the music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5521500",
"chunk_text": "\"Fall Out Boy discography\"\nBoy\"\" (2002) and the mini-LP \"\"Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend\"\" (2003), both released on Uprising Records. After the release of the latter, drummer Andy Hurley joined Fall Out Boy and Stump picked up guitar, forming the band's current lineup. After signing to indie-label Fueled by Ramen, Fall Out Boy released their first full-length studio album, \"\"Take This to Your Grave\"\", in May 2003. Following the album's release, the band signed with major label Island Records. Their second studio album \"\"From Under the Cork Tree\"\" was released in May 2005 to great commercial success, peaking at number nine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9941402",
"chunk_text": "\"Underneath the Tree\"\nstandard. Melinda Newman of HitFix wrote, \"\"It's a finger-popping, bell-ringing pleaser that could achieve that rare feat of becoming a new Christmas standard. That hasn't happened since Carey's \"\"All I Want For Christmas\"\" in 1994;\"\" while \"\"The Independent\"\"s Hugh Montgomery applauded it as having a sass, jingle and a sax solo, saying that it is \"\"a winner on all fronts.\"\" Upon the release of \"\"Wrapped in Red\"\", \"\"Underneath the Tree\"\" entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Holiday Digital Songs chart as an album cut at number four on the week ending November 16, 2013. Following its release as a single, it reached a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_815
|
when did korea separate into north and south?
|
n/a
|
[
"1945",
"17 August 1945"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15690892",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nDivision of Korea The Division of Korea began at the end of World War II in 1945. With the defeat of Japan, the Soviet Union occupied the north of Korea, and the United States occupied the south, with the boundary between their zones being the 38th parallel. With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union failed to lead to an independent and unified Korea. In 1948, UN-supervised elections were held in the US-occupied south only. Syngman Rhee won the election while Kim Il-sung was appointed as the leader of North Korea. This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13344300",
"chunk_text": "\"History of South Korea\"\nKim Jong-un at the April 2018 inter-Korean summit, May 2018 inter-Korean summit, and September 2018 inter-Korean summit. History of South Korea The history of South Korea formally begins with its establishment on August 15, 1948. Korea was administratively partitioned in 1945, at the end of World War II. As Korea was under Japanese rule during World War II, Korea was officially a belligerent against the Allies by virtue of being Japanese territory. The unconditional surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones (similar to the four zones in Germany), with the United States administering the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14819456",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nby both regimes. From 1948 until the start of the civil war on June 25, 1950, the armed forces of each side engaged in a series of bloody conflicts along the border. In 1950, these conflicts escalated dramatically when North Korean forces invaded South Korea, triggering the Korean War. The United Nations intervened to protect the South, sending a US-led force. As it occupied the south, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea attempted to unify Korea under its regime, initiating the nationalisation of industry, land reform, and the restoration of the People's Committees. While UN intervention was conceived as restoring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1653541",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nfrom the north of Deokjeok Island to the south of Cho Island in the West Sea and the north of Sokcho city and south of Tongchon County in the East (Yellow) Sea. In addition, no fly zones were established as well. Division of Korea The Division of Korea began at the end of World War II in 1945. With the defeat of Japan, the Soviet Union occupied the north of Korea, and the United States occupied the south, with the boundary between their zones being the 38th parallel. With the onset of the Cold War, negotiations between the United States",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11318624",
"chunk_text": "Korea\nKorea Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1948 it has been divided between two distinct sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and neighbours Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Korea emerged as a singular political entity in 676 AD, after centuries of conflict among the Three Kingdoms of Korea, which were unified as Unified Silla to the south and Balhae to the north. Unified Silla divided into three separate states during",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13342309",
"chunk_text": "\"History of South Korea\"\nHistory of South Korea The history of South Korea formally begins with its establishment on August 15, 1948. Korea was administratively partitioned in 1945, at the end of World War II. As Korea was under Japanese rule during World War II, Korea was officially a belligerent against the Allies by virtue of being Japanese territory. The unconditional surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones (similar to the four zones in Germany), with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union administering the area north of the 38th parallel.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3439720",
"chunk_text": "\"History of North Korea\"\nHistory of North Korea The history of North Korea began with the partition of Korea at the end of World War II in September 1945. The surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union administering the area north of the 38th parallel. The Soviets and Americans were unable to agree on the implementation of a joint government over Korea. This led, in 1948, to the establishment of two separate governments – the Communist-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4876703",
"chunk_text": "\"History of North Korea\"\nHistory of North Korea The history of North Korea began with the partition of Korea at the end of World War II in September 1945. The surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union administering the area north of the 38th parallel. The Soviets and Americans were unable to agree on the implementation of a joint government over Korea. This led, in 1948, to the establishment of two separate governments – the Communist-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14818537",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nplaced sixteen million Koreans in the American zone and nine million in the Soviet zone. To the surprise of the Americans, the Soviet Union immediately accepted the division. The agreement was incorporated into General Order No. 1 (approved on 17 August 1945) for the surrender of Japan. Soviet forces began amphibious landings in Korea by August 14 and rapidly took over the north-east of the country, and on August 16 they landed at Wonsan. On August 24, the Red Army reached Pyongyang. General Abe Nobuyuki, the last Japanese Governor-General of Korea, had established contact with a number of influential Koreans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8767514",
"chunk_text": "\"Provinces of Korea\"\nII in 1945, Korea was divided into Northern Korea and Southern Korea under trusteeship of the Soviet Union and the United States. The peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel in 1945. In 1948, the two zones became the independent countries of North Korea and South Korea. Three provinces—Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon—were divided by the 38th parallel. Also in 1946, the cities of Seoul in the south and Pyongyang in the north separated from Gyeonggi and South Pyongan Provinces respectively to become Special Cities. Both North Korea and South Korea upgraded cities to a level equal to a province, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4876592",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea\"\nbe the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Both North Korea and South Korea became members of the United Nations in 1991. In 1910, Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan. After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945, Korea was divided into two zones, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. Negotiations on reunification failed, and in 1948, separate governments were formed: the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south. An invasion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9569094",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean reunification\"\nPresident Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong-un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the Singapore Summit in May 2018. Prior to World War II, Korea was one country for over one thousand years, known previously as Goryeo and Joseon. After World War II, Korea was divided into two countries along the 38th parallel (now the Korean Demilitarized Zone). North Korea was administered by the Soviet Union in the years immediately following the war, with South Korea being managed by the United States. In 1950, North Korea invaded the South, beginning the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18495147",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean Peninsula\"\nEnglish names, which is a name that comes from the Goryeo (or Koryŏ, in North Korea) dynasty (고려/). Until the end of World War II, Korea was a single political entity whose territory roughly coincided with the Korean Peninsula. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, and liberated Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was divided into two regions, with separate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17829717",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Korea\"\nby Silla in 676. In 698, Dae Jo-yeong established Balhae in old territories of Goguryeo, which led to the North South States Period (698–926). In the late 9th century, Silla was divided into the Later Three Kingdoms (892–936), which ended with the unification by Wang Geon's Goryeo dynasty. Meanwhile, Balhae fell after invasions by the Khitan Liao dynasty and the refugees including the last crown prince emigrated to Goryeo, where the crown prince was warmly welcomed and included into the ruling family by Wang Geon, thus unifying the two successor states of Goguryeo. During the Goryeo period, laws were codified,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19330379",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea in the Korean War\"\nNorth Korea in the Korean War The Korean War started when North Korea invaded South Korea, and ended on July 27, 1953 with the armistice creating the well-known Korean Demilitarized Zone. In August 1945, two young aides at the State Department divided the Korean peninsula in half along the 38th parallel. The Russians occupied the area north of the line and the United States occupied the area to its south. On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18495148",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean Peninsula\"\ngovernments. Both claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union and China—moved into the south on 25 June 1950. Since the ended the Korean War in 1953, the northern section of the peninsula has been governed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, while the southern portion has been governed by the Republic of Korea. The northern boundaries for the Korean Peninsula are commonly (and tacitly) taken to coincide with today's political borders between North Korea and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14144492",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea\"\nlargest city is Seoul, with a population of 10 million. Archaeology indicates that the Korean Peninsula was inhabited by early humans starting from the Lower Paleolithic period (2.6 Ma–300 Ka). The history of Korea begins with the foundation of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary king Dangun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Unified Silla in AD 668, Korea was subsequently ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910). It was annexed by the Empire of Japan in 1910. At the end of World War II, Korea was divided into Soviet and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11929501",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea–South Korea relations\"\nIn 2018, a majority of South Koreans approved the new relationship. The Korean peninsula had been occupied by Japan from 1910. On August 9, 1945, in the closing days of World War Two, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and advanced into Korea. Though the Soviet declaration of war had been agreed by the Allies at the Yalta Conference, the US government became concerned at the prospect of all of Korea falling under Soviet control. The US government therefore requested Soviet forces halt their advance at the 38th parallel north, leaving the south of the peninsula, including the capital,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1427989",
"chunk_text": "\"38th parallel north\"\n1910 and 1945. When Japan surrendered in August 1945, the 38th parallel was established as the boundary between Soviet and American occupation zones. This parallel divided the Korean peninsula roughly in the middle. In 1948, this parallel became the boundary between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), both of which claim to be the government of the whole of Korea. On 25 June 1950, after a series of cross-border raids and gunfire from both the Northern and the Southern sides, the North Korean Army crossed the parallel and invaded South Korea.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9569096",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean reunification\"\nKorean independence agreement officially occurred on 1 December 1943, when the United States, China, and Great Britain signed the Cairo Declaration, which stated: \"\"The aforesaid three powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent\"\". In 1945, the United Nations developed plans for trusteeship administration of Korea. The division of the peninsula into two military occupation zones was agreed – a northern zone administered by the Soviet Union and a southern zone administered by the United States. At midnight on 10 August 1945, two army lieutenant colonels",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12658563",
"chunk_text": "\"History of North Korea\"\nthe US government decided to propose the 38th parallel as the dividing line between a Soviet occupation zone in the north and a US occupation zone in the south. The parallel was chosen as it would place the capital Seoul under American control. To the surprise of the Americans, the Soviet Union immediately accepted the division. The agreement was incorporated into General Order No. 1 (approved on 17 August 1945) for the surrender of Japan. The division placed sixteen million Koreans in the American zone and nine million in the Soviet zone. Soviet forces began amphibious landings in Korea by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19330393",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea in the Korean War\"\nran from 1972 until 1983, and its final episode was the most watched in television history. North Korea in the Korean War The Korean War started when North Korea invaded South Korea, and ended on July 27, 1953 with the armistice creating the well-known Korean Demilitarized Zone. In August 1945, two young aides at the State Department divided the Korean peninsula in half along the 38th parallel. The Russians occupied the area north of the line and the United States occupied the area to its south. On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9569095",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean reunification\"\nKorean War, which ended in stalemate in 1953. Since the end of the Korean War, reunification has become more of a challenge as the two countries have become increasingly politically and economically divergent. However, in the late 2010s, relations between North and South Korea have warmed somewhat, beginning with North Korea's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. The current division of the Korean Peninsula is the result of decisions taken at the end of World War II. In 1910, the Empire of Japan annexed Korea, and ruled over it until its defeat in World War II. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1848277",
"chunk_text": "\"History of South Korea\"\n25, 1950 the Korean War broke out. After much destruction, the war ended on July 27,1953 with the 1948 status quo being restored, as neither the DPRK nor the First Republic had succeeded in conquering the other's portion of the divided Korea. The peninsula was divided by the Korean Demilitarized Zone and the two separate governments stabilized into the existing political entities of North and South Korea. South Korea's subsequent history is marked by alternating periods of democratic and autocratic rule. Civilian governments are conventionally numbered from the First Republic of Rhee Syngman to the contemporary Sixth Republic. The First",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15865242",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Japan–Korea relations\"\nChinese suzerainty and for Japan, a high priority in the late 19th century, fighting wars with those two countries on the issue. Japan took control of Korea with the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910. When Japan was defeated in World War II, Soviet forces took control of the North, and American forces took control of the South, with the 38th parallel as the agreed-upon dividing line. South Korea became independent as of August 15, 1945, and North Korea as of September 9, 1945. In June 1950, North Korea invaded and almost conquered South Korea, but was driven back by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1987010",
"chunk_text": "\"Divided family\"\nthe end of the Korean War in 1953, there has been virtually no contact between the citizens of the two countries, including the many families who were divided during the turmoil that engulfed Korea after liberation from Japanese rule and during the three-year Korean War. Many people in both North Korea and South Korea have lost contact with the rest of their family, and are unable to communicate with them due to strict regulations across borders. In the 1980s, South Korea held special programs to reunite divided families. Between 1910 and 1945 Korea lost sovereignty and was colonized by Japan,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17829787",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Korea\"\nCairo Conference on November 22, 1943, the US, UK, and China agreed that \"\"in due course Korea shall become free and independent\"\"; at a later meeting in Yalta in February 1945, the Allies agreed to establish a four-power trusteeship over Korea. On August 14, 1945, Soviet forces entered Korea by amphibious landings, enabling them to secure control in the north. Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces on August 15, 1945. The unconditional surrender of Japan, combined with fundamental shifts in global politics and ideology, led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, effectively starting on September 8, 1945.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4780251",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean War\"\nKorean War The Korean War (in South Korean , \"\"Korean War\"\"; in North Korean , \"\"Fatherland: Liberation War\"\"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States). The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. As a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea had been split into two sovereign states. Both governments claimed to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15690893",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nled to the establishment of the Republic of Korea in South Korea, which was promptly followed by the establishment of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in North Korea. The United States supported the South, the Soviet Union supported the North, and each government claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean peninsula. The subsequent Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, ended with a stalemate and has left the two Koreas separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) up to the present day. Diplomatic initiatives have so far failed to end the division. When the Russo-Japanese War ended in 1905",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11120216",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean Demilitarized Zone\"\nof Korea (ROK, informally \"\"South Korea\"\") in 1948, it became a \"\"de facto\"\" international border and one of the most tense fronts in the Cold War. Both the North and the South remained dependent on their sponsor states from 1948 to the outbreak of the Korean War. That conflict, which claimed over three million lives and divided the Korean Peninsula along ideological lines, commenced on 25 June 1950, with a full-front DPRK invasion across the 38th parallel, and ended in 1953 after international intervention pushed the front of the war back to near the 38th parallel. In the Armistice Agreement",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3439636",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea\"\nNations force, led by the United States, intervened to defend the South, and rapidly advanced into North Korea. As they neared the border with China, Chinese forces intervened on behalf of North Korea, shifting the balance of the war again. Fighting ended on 27 July 1953, with an armistice that approximately restored the original boundaries between North and South Korea. More than one million civilians and soldiers were killed in the war. As a result of the war, almost every substantial building in North Korea was destroyed. Some have referred to the conflict as a civil war, with other factors",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1987011",
"chunk_text": "\"Divided family\"\nwhich caused millions of Koreans to disperse. Between 25% and 35% were separated after the liberation right before the Korean War. The vast majority of the divided families (i.e. between 65% and 75%) were separated by the start of the Korean War on and around June 25, 1950. Seoul, the capital, was taken in 3 days. Millions uprooted their homes in a matter of days and fled as refugees, to avoid the calamities of war, while others lost all communication with their relatives, due to the iron curtain that dropped upon the northern half of the peninsula, leaving them in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8767506",
"chunk_text": "\"Provinces of Korea\"\nGabo Reform, the country was redivided into 23 districts (\"\"Bu;\"\" 부; ), which were replaced a year later by thirteen new provinces. The thirteen provinces of 1896 included three of the original eight provinces, with the five remaining original provinces divided into north and south halves (\"\"Bukdo\"\" (북도; ) and \"\"Namdo\"\" (남도; ) respectively). The thirteen provinces remained unchanged throughout the period of Japanese annexation. With the liberation of Korea in 1945, the Korean peninsula was divided into Northern Korea and Southern Korea under trusteeship from Soviet Union and America, with the dividing line established along the 38th parallel. As",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15930828",
"chunk_text": "\"History of South Korea\"\nEducation, particularly at the tertiary level, has expanded dramatically. It is said to be one of the \"\"Four Tigers\"\" of rising Asian states along with Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Emperor Hirohito announced the surrender of the Empire of Japan to the Allied Powers on 15 August 1945. General Order No. 1 for the surrender of Japan (prepared by the Joint Chiefs of Staff of U.S. military forces and approved on 17 August 1945) prescribed separate surrender procedures for Japanese forces in Korea north and south of the 38th parallel. After Japan's surrender to the Allies (formalised on 2 September",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14144508",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea\"\nsouthern halves of Korea, respectively. Despite the initial plan of a unified Korea in the 1943 Cairo Declaration, escalating Cold War antagonism between the Soviet Union and the United States eventually led to the establishment of separate governments, each with its own ideology, leading to the division of Korea into two political entities in 1948: North Korea and South Korea. In the South, Syngman Rhee, an opponent of communism, who had been backed and appointed by the United States as head of the provisional government, won the first presidential elections of the newly declared Republic of Korea in May. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11872327",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nin the south, as did other politicians and parties. The conference called for a united government and the withdrawal of foreign troops. Syngman Rhee and General Hodge denounced the conference. Kim Koo was assassinated the following year. On May 10, 1948 the south held a general election. It took place amid widespread violence and intimidation, as well as a boycott by opponents of Syngman Rhee. On August 15, the \"\"Republic of Korea\"\" (\"\"Daehan Minguk\"\") formally took over power from the U.S. military, with Syngman Rhee as the first president. In the North, the \"\"Democratic People's Republic of Korea\"\" (\"\"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9425900",
"chunk_text": "Goryeo\nGoryeo Goryeo (; ; 918–1392), also spelled as Koryŏ, was a Korean kingdom established in 918 by King Taejo. This kingdom later gave name to the modern exonym \"\"Korea\"\". It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean Peninsula until it was removed by the founder of the Joseon, Yi Seong-gye, in 1392. Goryeo expanded Korea's borders to present-day Wonsan in the northeast (936–943), the Yalu River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean Peninsula (1374). Two of this period's most notable products are celadon pottery and the \"\"Tripitaka Koreana\"\"—the Buddhist canon (\"\"Tripiṭaka\"\")",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17829789",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Korea\"\ncommission was established. The commission met intermittently in Seoul but members deadlocked over the issue of establishing a national government. In September 1947, with no solution in sight, the United States submitted the Korean question to the United Nations General Assembly. On December 12, 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations recognised the Republic of Korea as the sole legal government of Korea. In June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out when North Korea breached the 38th parallel line to invade the South, ending any hope of a peaceful reunification for the time being. After the war, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11872326",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nthe country. General strikes in protest against the decision began in February 1948. In April, Jeju islanders rose up against the looming division of the country. South Korean troops were sent to repress the rebellion. Tens of thousands of islanders were killed and by one estimate, 70% of the villages were burned by the South Korean troops. The uprising flared up again with the outbreak of the Korean War. In April 1948, a conference of organizations from the north and the south met in Pyongyang. The southern politicians Kim Koo and Kim Kyu-sik attended the conference and boycotted the elections",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17760019",
"chunk_text": "\"Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)\"\nthat occurred throughout the course of Japan's rule of Korea and Korea's authoritarian regimes. Korea's history during the last 60 years as it transitioned from a colony to a democracy has been filled with violence, war, and civil disputes. With Japan's defeat in World War II in 1945, Korea was divided in two at the 38th parallel, with administration of the north side given to the Soviet Union, while the south side was administered by the United States (see Gwangbokjeol). In 1948, two separate governments formed, each claiming to be the legitimate government of all of Korea. South Korea (officially",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18937471",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean conflict\"\nKorea north of the parallel. American forces landed in the south on September 8 and established the United States Army Military Government in Korea. The American government had not consulted or asked permission of the Korean people or their representatives to conduct this division of the country. The division of the Korean peninsula by the US and Russia would set the stage for the civil war in 1950. The Allies had originally envisaged a joint trusteeship which would steer Korea towards independence, but most Korean nationalists wanted independence immediately. Meanwhile, the wartime co-operation between the Soviet Union and the US",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4778188",
"chunk_text": "Korea\nAs guerrilla activities expanded everywhere in South Korea, the South Korean government used strong measures against peasants, such as forcefully moving their families from guerrilla areas. The losses incurred from that terror were: 36,000 people killed; 11,000 people wounded; and 432,000 people displaced. The Korean War broke out when Soviet-backed North Korea invaded South Korea, though neither side gained much territory as a result. The Korean Peninsula remained divided, the Korean Demilitarized Zone being the \"\"de facto\"\" border between the two states. In June 1950 North Korea invaded the South, using Soviet tanks and weaponry. During the Korean War (1950–53)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9220171",
"chunk_text": "Korea\n1919. The name is derived from Korean 삼 \"\"sam\"\" 'three', 일 \"\"il\"\" 'one,' and 절 \"\"jeol\"\" 'day', the date of the uprising in 1919. Korea was annexed to the Empire of Japan on August 29, 1910 following the imposed Japan-Korea Treaty. On March 1, 1919, Korean presented their resistance towards Japan and Japanese occupation with a declaration of independence. Following the conclusion of World War II, Korea was liberated from Japan and its independence restored. The newly established Korean government set aside March 1 as a national holiday to commemorate the sacrifices borne in the long struggle for Korean independence.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18937477",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean conflict\"\nIn September 1950 United Nations force, led by the United States, intervened to defend the South, and following the Incheon Landing and breakout from the Busan Perimeter, rapidly advanced into North Korea. As they neared the border with China, Chinese forces intervened on behalf of North Korea, shifting the balance of the war again. Fighting ended on July 27, 1953, with an armistice that approximately restored the original boundaries between North and South Korea. Korea was devastated. Around three million civilians and soldiers had been killed. Seoul was in ruins, having changed hands four times. Almost every substantial building in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17829721",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Korea\"\nnorthern area (protected by the Soviets) and a southern area protected (primarily by the United States). In 1948, when the powers failed to agree on the formation of a single government, this partition became the modern states of North and South Korea. The peninsula was divided at the 38th Parallel: the \"\"Republic of Korea\"\" was created in the south, with the backing of the US and Western Europe, and the \"\"Democratic People's Republic of Korea\"\" in the north, with the backing of the Soviets and the communist People's Republic of China. The new premier of North Korea, Kim il-Sung, launched",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14819458",
"chunk_text": "\"Division of Korea\"\nit would intervene if American troops crossed the parallel. As it occupied the north, the Republic of Korea, in turn, attempted to unify the country under its regime, with the Korean National Police enforcing political indoctrination. As US-led forces pushed into the north, China unleashed a counter-attack which drove them back into the south. In 1951, the front line stabilized near the 38th parallel, and both sides began to consider an armistice. Rhee, however, demanded the war continue until Korea was unified under his leadership. The Communist side supported an armistice line being based on the 38th parallel, but the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1427990",
"chunk_text": "\"38th parallel north\"\nThis sparked a United Nations resolution against the aggression and the Korean War, with United Nations troops (mostly Americans) helping to defend South Korea. After the Armistice agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, a new line was established to separate North Korea and South Korea. This Military Demarcation Line is surrounded by a Demilitarized Zone. It crosses the 38th parallel, from the southwest to the northeast. The Demarcation Line is often confused with 38th parallel, but as can be seen in the image of the map, the two are not the same. 38th parallel north The 38th parallel north",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9220127",
"chunk_text": "Korea\nthe late 9th century, giving way to the tumultuous Later Three Kingdoms period (892–935), and Balhae was destroyed by the Khitans in 926. Goryeo unified the Later Three Kingdoms and received the last crown prince and much of the ruling class of Balhae, thus bringing about a unification of the two successor nations of Goguryeo. Goryeo was founded in 918 and replaced Silla as the ruling dynasty of Korea. Goryeo's land was at first what is now South Korea and about 1/3 of North Korea, but later on managed to recover most of the Korean peninsula. Momentarily, Goryeo advanced to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8542826",
"chunk_text": "\"Eight Provinces of Korea\"\nEight Provinces of Korea During most of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea was divided into eight provinces (\"\"do\"\"; ; ). The eight provinces' boundaries remained unchanged for about 480 years from 1413 to 1895, and formed a geographic paradigm that is still reflected today in the Korean Peninsula's administrative divisions, dialects, and regional distinctions. The names of all eight provinces are still preserved today, in one form or another. These eight historical provinces form both North and South Korea, and are not to be confused with the current eight provinces that make up South Korea. In 1413 (the 13th year of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9569093",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean reunification\"\nKorean reunification Korean reunification () refers to the potential reunification of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (commonly known as North Korea), the Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea), and the Korean Demilitarized Zone under a single government. The process towards such a merger was started by the June 15th North–South Joint Declaration in June 2000, and it was reaffirmed by the Panmunjom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity and Unification of the Korean Peninsula in April 2018. In the Panmunjom Declaration, the two countries agreed to work towards a peaceful reunification in the future, and the joint statement of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_816
|
who discovered the atom and in what year?
|
n/a
|
[
"early 1800s",
"John Dalton"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8929783",
"chunk_text": "Atom\ntheory of atoms was popularized in France by the physician François Bernier (1620–1688) and in England by the natural philosopher Walter Charleton (1619–1707). The chemist Robert Boyle (1627–1691) and the physicist Isaac Newton (1642–1727) both defended atomism and, by the end of the seventeenth century, it had become accepted by portions of the scientific community. In the early 1800s, John Dalton used the concept of atoms to explain why elements always react in ratios of small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). For instance, there are two types of tin oxide: one is 88.1% tin and 11.9% oxygen and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17975974",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic nucleus\"\nAtomic nucleus The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg. An atom is composed of a positively-charged nucleus, with a cloud of negatively-charged electrons surrounding it, bound together by electrostatic force. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3909723",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nby producing the first statistical physics analysis of Brownian motion. French physicist Jean Perrin used Einstein's work to experimentally determine the mass and dimensions of atoms, thereby conclusively verifying Dalton's atomic theory. The physicist J.J. Thomson measured the mass of cathode rays, showing they were made of particles, but were around 1800 times lighter than the lightest atom, hydrogen. Therefore, they were not atoms, but a new particle, the first \"\"subatomic\"\" particle to be discovered, which he originally called \"\"\"\"corpuscle\"\"\"\" but was later named \"\"electron\"\", after particles postulated by George Johnstone Stoney in 1874. He also showed they were identical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8929801",
"chunk_text": "Atom\ndifferent isotopes awaited the discovery of the neutron, an uncharged particle with a mass similar to the proton, by the physicist James Chadwick in 1932. Isotopes were then explained as elements with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons within the nucleus. In 1938, the German chemist Otto Hahn, a student of Rutherford, directed neutrons onto uranium atoms expecting to get transuranium elements. Instead, his chemical experiments showed barium as a product. A year later, Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch verified that Hahn's result were the first experimental \"\"nuclear fission\"\". In 1944, Hahn received the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13169562",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nto the positively charged nucleus by the attraction created from opposite electric charges. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than its atomic number, then it becomes respectively negatively or positively charged as a whole; a charged atom is called an ion. Electrons have been known since the late 19th century, mostly thanks to J.J. Thomson; see history of subatomic physics for details. Protons have a positive charge and a mass 1,836 times that of the electron, at . The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. Ernest Rutherford (1919) observed that nitrogen under alpha-particle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11376199",
"chunk_text": "\"Niels Bohr\"\nasteroid, 3948 Bohr, was named after him, as was the Bohr lunar crater and bohrium, the chemical element with atomic number 107. Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4718061",
"chunk_text": "Atomism\ncentury with the rise of atomic physics. Atoms and molecules had long been theorized as the constituents of matter, and Albert Einstein published a paper in 1905 that explained in precise detail how the motion that Brown had observed was a result of the pollen being moved by individual water molecules, making one of his first big contributions to science. This explanation of Brownian motion served as convincing evidence that atoms and molecules exist, and was further verified experimentally by Jean Perrin in 1908. Perrin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926 \"\"for his work on the discontinuous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8929794",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nWhile experimenting with the products of radioactive decay, in 1913 radiochemist Frederick Soddy discovered that there appeared to be more than one type of atom at each position on the periodic table. The term isotope was coined by Margaret Todd as a suitable name for different atoms that belong to the same element. J.J. Thomson created a technique for isotope separation through his work on ionized gases, which subsequently led to the discovery of stable isotopes. In 1913 the physicist Niels Bohr proposed a model in which the electrons of an atom were assumed to orbit the nucleus but could",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18390202",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic nucleus\"\nforces which bind it together, is called nuclear physics. The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's efforts to test Thomson's \"\"plum pudding model\"\" of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself. Knowing that atoms are electrically neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well. In his plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom consisted of negative electrons randomly scattered within a sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford later devised an experiment with his research partner Hans Geiger and with help of Ernest Marsden, that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4718048",
"chunk_text": "Atomism\nmost of the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, a renewed interest arose in Epicurean atomism and corpuscularianism as a hybrid or an alternative to Aristotelian physics. The main figures in the rebirth of atomism were René Descartes, Pierre Gassendi, and Robert Boyle, as well as other notable figures. One of the first groups of atomists in England was a cadre of amateur scientists known as the Northumberland circle, led by Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564–1632). Although they published little of account, they helped to disseminate atomistic ideas among the burgeoning scientific culture of England, and may have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "607429",
"chunk_text": "\"J. J. Thomson\"\nJ. J. Thomson Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle. In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles (now called electrons), which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large charge-to-mass ratio. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9124785",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic theory\"\nwhich contradicted orthodox Christian teachings, belief in atoms was not considered acceptable by most European philosophers. The French Catholic priest Pierre Gassendi (1592 – 1655) revived Epicurean atomism with modifications, arguing that atoms were created by God and, though extremely numerous, are not infinite. Gassendi's modified theory of atoms was popularized in France by the physician François Bernier (1620 – 1688) and in England by the natural philosopher Walter Charleton (1619 – 1707). The chemist Robert Boyle (1627 – 1691) and the physicist Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) both defended atomism and, by the end of the seventeenth century, it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16876225",
"chunk_text": "\"Discovery of the neutron\"\nDiscovery of the neutron The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Early in the century, Ernest Rutherford developed a crude model for the atom, based on the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In this model, atoms had their mass and positive electric charge concentrated in a very small nucleus. By 1920 chemical isotopes had been discovered, the atomic masses had been determined to be integer multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom, and the atomic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15622219",
"chunk_text": "\"Ernest Rutherford\"\nErnest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"\" considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). In early work, Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life, the radioactive element radon, and differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation. This work was performed at McGill University in Canada. It is the basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry he was awarded in 1908 \"\"for his investigations into the disintegration",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3461163",
"chunk_text": "Proton\nfrom different gases had different values of charge-to-mass ratio (e/m), they could not be identified with a single particle, unlike the negative electrons discovered by J. J. Thomson. Wilhelm Wien in 1898 identified the hydrogen ion as particle with highest charge-to-mass ratio in ionized gases. Following the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, Antonius van den Broek proposed that the place of each element in the periodic table (its atomic number) is equal to its nuclear charge. This was confirmed experimentally by Henry Moseley in 1913 using X-ray spectra. In 1917 (in experiments reported in 1919),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11376143",
"chunk_text": "\"Niels Bohr\"\nNiels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18390206",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic nucleus\"\n\"\"small nut\"\") inside a watery type of fruit (like a peach). In 1844, Michael Faraday used the term to refer to the \"\"central point of an atom\"\". The modern atomic meaning was proposed by Ernest Rutherford in 1912. The adoption of the term \"\"nucleus\"\" to atomic theory, however, was not immediate. In 1916, for example, Gilbert N. Lewis stated, in his famous article \"\"The Atom and the Molecule\"\", that \"\"the atom is composed of the \"\"kernel\"\" and an outer atom or \"\"shell\"\"\"\" The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, which in turn are the manifestation of more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3935900",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic orbital\"\nthe idea that electrons might revolve around a compact nucleus with definite angular momentum was convincingly argued at least 19 years earlier by Niels Bohr, and the Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka published an orbit-based hypothesis for electronic behavior as early as 1904. Explaining the behavior of these electron \"\"orbits\"\" was one of the driving forces behind the development of quantum mechanics. With J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897, it became clear that atoms were not the smallest building blocks of nature, but were rather composite particles. The newly discovered structure within atoms tempted many to imagine how",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4718058",
"chunk_text": "Atomism\nso as to provide a programme for atomic physics. In 1808, John Dalton assimilated the known experimental work of many people to summarize the empirical evidence on the composition of matter. He noticed that distilled water everywhere analyzed to the same elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Similarly, other purified substances decomposed to the same elements in the same proportions by weight. Furthermore, he concluded that there was a unique atom for each element, using Lavoisier's definition of an element as a substance that could not be analyzed into something simpler. Thus, Dalton concluded the following. And then he proceeded to give",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12194688",
"chunk_text": "\"History of chemistry\"\nthe 1904 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in recognition of \"\"services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system.\"\" In 1897, J. J. Thomson discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube. In 1898, Wilhelm Wien demonstrated that canal rays (streams of positive ions) can be deflected by magnetic fields, and that the amount of deflection is proportional to the mass-to-charge ratio. This discovery would lead to the analytical technique known as mass spectrometry in 1912. Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a Polish-born French physicist and chemist who is famous for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3909718",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nidea, appearing in many ancient cultures such as Greece and India. The word \"\"atom\"\" (; \"\"\"\"), meaning \"\"uncuttable\"\", was coined by the ancient Greek philosophers Leucippus and his pupil Democritus ( 460 – 370 BC). Democritus taught that atoms were infinite in number, uncreated, and eternal, and that the qualities of an object result from the kind of atoms that compose it. Democritus's atomism was refined and elaborated by the later philosopher Epicurus (341–270 BC). During the Early Middle Ages, atomism was mostly forgotten in western Europe, but survived among some groups of Islamic philosophers. During the twelfth century, atomism",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3909722",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nfound that water absorbs carbon dioxide far better than it absorbs nitrogen. Dalton hypothesized this was due to the differences between the masses and configurations of the gases' respective particles, and carbon dioxide molecules (CO) are heavier and larger than nitrogen molecules (N). In 1827, botanist Robert Brown used a microscope to look at dust grains floating in water and discovered that they moved about erratically, a phenomenon that became known as \"\"Brownian motion\"\". This was thought to be caused by water molecules knocking the grains about. In 1905, Albert Einstein proved the reality of these molecules and their motions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13228169",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic theory\"\naccording to the Larmor formula in classical electromagnetism. An orbiting charge should steadily lose energy and spiral toward the nucleus, colliding with it in a small fraction of a second. The second problem was that the planetary model could not explain the highly peaked emission and absorption spectra of atoms that were observed. Quantum theory revolutionized physics at the beginning of the 20th century, when Max Planck and Albert Einstein postulated that light energy is emitted or absorbed in discrete amounts known as quanta (singular, \"\"quantum\"\"). In 1913, Niels Bohr incorporated this idea into his Bohr model of the atom,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8929799",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nis mathematically impossible to obtain precise values for both the position and momentum of a particle at a given point in time; this became known as the uncertainty principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927. In this concept, for a given accuracy in measuring a position one could only obtain a range of probable values for momentum, and vice versa. This model was able to explain observations of atomic behavior that previous models could not, such as certain structural and spectral patterns of atoms larger than hydrogen. Thus, the planetary model of the atom was discarded in favor of one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10930850",
"chunk_text": "\"J. J. Thomson\"\nfrom 1915 to 1920. In 1991, the thomson (symbol: Th) was proposed as a unit to measure mass-to-charge ratio in mass spectrometry in his honour. J J Thomson Avenue, on the University of Cambridge campus, is named after Thomson. In November 1927, J.J. Thomson opened the Thomson building, named in his honour, in the Leys School, Cambridge. J. J. Thomson Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle. In 1897,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3908390",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic number\"\nobvious, led to inconsistency and uncertainty in the periodic numbering of elements at least from lutetium (element 71) onward (hafnium was not known at this time). In 1911, Ernest Rutherford gave a model of the atom in which a central core held most of the atom's mass and a positive charge which, in units of the electron's charge, was to be approximately equal to half of the atom's atomic weight, expressed in numbers of hydrogen atoms. This central charge would thus be approximately half the atomic weight (though it was almost 25% different from the atomic number of gold ,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3147098",
"chunk_text": "Chemistry\nJ.J. Thomson of Cambridge University discovered the electron and soon after the French scientist Becquerel as well as the couple Pierre and Marie Curie investigated the phenomenon of radioactivity. In a series of pioneering scattering experiments Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester discovered the internal structure of the atom and the existence of the proton, classified and explained the different types of radioactivity and successfully transmuted the first element by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles. His work on atomic structure was improved on by his students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and Henry Moseley. The electronic theory of chemical",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3909719",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nbecame known again in western Europe through references to it in the newly-rediscovered writings of Aristotle. In the fourteenth century, the rediscovery of major works describing atomist teachings, including Lucretius's \"\"De rerum natura\"\" and Diogenes Laërtius's \"\"Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers\"\", led to increased scholarly attention on the subject. Nonetheless, because atomism was associated with the philosophy of Epicureanism, which contradicted orthodox Christian teachings, belief in atoms was not considered acceptable. The French Catholic priest Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) revived Epicurean atomism with modifications, arguing that atoms were created by God and, though extremely numerous, are not infinite. Gassendi's modified",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "13169563",
"chunk_text": "Atom\nbombardment ejects what appeared to be hydrogen nuclei. By 1920 he had accepted that the hydrogen nucleus is a distinct particle within the atom and named it proton. Neutrons have no electrical charge and have a free mass of 1,839 times the mass of the electron, or , the heaviest of the three constituent particles, but it can be reduced by the nuclear binding energy. Neutrons and protons (collectively known as nucleons) have comparable dimensions—on the order of —although the 'surface' of these particles is not sharply defined. The neutron was discovered in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "14146620",
"chunk_text": "Science\nthe discovery of the first subatomic particle, the electron. Einstein's theory of relativity and the development of quantum mechanics led to the replacement of classical mechanics with a new physics which contains two parts that describe different types of events in nature. In the first half of the century, the development of antibiotics and artificial fertilizer made global human population growth possible. At the same time, the structure of the atom and its nucleus was discovered, leading to the release of \"\"atomic energy\"\" (nuclear power). In addition, the extensive use of technological innovation stimulated by the wars of this century",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11325972",
"chunk_text": "\"Abraham Langlet\"\nwhile working with Cleve in Uppsala, he made the independent discovery of the element helium (in the same year discovered by William Ramsay) in the mineral cleveite. Langlet was the first to correctly define its atomic weight. He died in Gothenburg. Abraham Langlet Nils Abraham Langlet (9 July 1868 – 30 March 1936; known by his second given name) was a Swedish chemist. Langlet was born in Södertälje. From 1886 to 1896, he studied chemistry under Per Teodor Cleve at Uppsala University, where he obtained a doctorate in 1896, and was made \"\"docent\"\" in the same year. In 1899, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6887678",
"chunk_text": "\"John Dalton\"\nJohn Dalton John Dalton FRS (; 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour. John Dalton was born into a Quaker family in Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, in Cumberland, England. His father was a weaver. He received his early education from his father and from Quaker John Fletcher, who ran a private school in the nearby village of Pardshaw Hall. Dalton's family was too poor to support him for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17054792",
"chunk_text": "\"History of subatomic physics\"\nits mass concentrated in a tiny atomic nucleus. By 1914, experiments by Ernest Rutherford, Henry Moseley, James Franck and Gustav Hertz had largely established the structure of an atom as a dense nucleus of positive charge surrounded by lower-mass electrons. These discoveries shed a light to the nature of radioactive decay and other forms of transmutation of elements, as well as of elements themselves. It appeared that atomic number is nothing else than (positive) electric charge of the atomic nucleus of a particular atom. Chemical transformations, governed by electromagnetic interactions, do not change nuclei – that's why elements are chemically",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4718047",
"chunk_text": "Atomism\nbackground for the mechanistic philosophy of early modern thinkers such as Descartes, and for the alchemical works of Geber and Daniel Sennert, who in turn influenced the corpuscularian alchemist Robert Boyle, one of the founders of modern chemistry. A chief theme in late Roman and Scholastic commentary on this concept is reconciling \"\"minima naturalia\"\" with the general Aristotelian principle of infinite divisibility. Commentators like John Philoponus and Thomas Aquinas reconciled these aspects of Aristotle's thought by distinguishing between mathematical and \"\"natural\"\" divisibility. With few exceptions, much of the curriculum in the universities of Europe was based on such Aristotelianism for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1247791",
"chunk_text": "\"History of quantum mechanics\"\nHistory of quantum mechanics The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. Quantum mechanics' history, as it interlaces with the history of quantum chemistry, began essentially with a number of different scientific discoveries: the 1838 discovery of cathode rays by Michael Faraday; the 1859–60 winter statement of the black-body radiation problem by Gustav Kirchhoff; the 1877 suggestion by Ludwig Boltzmann that the energy states of a physical system could be \"\"discrete\"\"; the discovery of the photoelectric effect by Heinrich Hertz in 1887; and the 1900 quantum hypothesis by Max Planck that any energy-radiating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11923173",
"chunk_text": "\"History of physics\"\nwere required. At the beginning of the 20th century a major revolution shook the world of physics, which led to a new era, generally referred to as modern physics. In the 19th century, experimenters began to detect unexpected forms of radiation: Wilhelm Röntgen caused a sensation with his discovery of X-rays in 1895; in 1896 Henri Becquerel discovered that certain kinds of matter emit radiation on their own accord. In 1897, J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, and new radioactive elements found by Marie and Pierre Curie raised questions about the supposedly indestructible atom and the nature of matter. Marie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3416332",
"chunk_text": "\"Ernest Walton\"\nErnest Walton Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with \"\"atom-smashing\"\" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to split the atom. Ernest Walton was born in Abbeyside, Dungarvan, County Waterford to a Methodist minister father, Rev John Walton (1874–1936) and Anna Sinton (1874–1906). In those days a general clergyman's family moved once every three years, and this practice carried Ernest and his family, while he was a small child, to Rathkeale, County",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3200030",
"chunk_text": "\"Ernest Rutherford\"\nfrom the nucleus that was lighter. Thus, confirming and extending the work of Wilhelm Wien who in 1898 discovered the proton in streams of ionized gas, Rutherford postulated the hydrogen nucleus to be a new particle in 1920, which he dubbed the \"\"proton\"\". In 1921, while working with Niels Bohr (who postulated that electrons moved in specific orbits), Rutherford theorized about the existence of neutrons, (which he had christened in his 1920 Bakerian Lecture), which could somehow compensate for the repelling effect of the positive charges of protons by causing an attractive nuclear force and thus keep the nuclei from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11156908",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemistry: A Volatile History\"\nonly one – had gained a proton and become a nucleus of oxygen. Rutherford's work gave hope to scientists trying to create new elements, but one final discovery about the atom was necessary. In 1932 the Cambridge scientist James Chadwick discovered the neutron – electrically neutral particles which also sit inside the nucleus along with the protons. Now in Italy, Enrico Fermi – nicknamed ‘the pope’ by his colleagues for his infallibility, realised the potential of the newly discovered neutron in the search for elements heavier than uranium. Until now, scientists had been bombarding uranium with alpha particles in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14963596",
"chunk_text": "\"Henry Moseley\"\nHenry Moseley Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra. Moseley's law advanced atomic physics, nuclear physics and quantum physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce. That theory refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius van den Broek's model,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9124812",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic theory\"\ngamma ray, but instead were required to have a mass similar to that of a proton. Chadwick now claimed these particles as Rutherford's neutrons. For his discovery of the neutron, Chadwick received the Nobel Prize in 1935. In 1924, Louis de Broglie proposed that all moving particles—particularly subatomic particles such as electrons—exhibit a degree of wave-like behavior. Erwin Schrödinger, fascinated by this idea, explored whether or not the movement of an electron in an atom could be better explained as a wave rather than as a particle. Schrödinger's equation, published in 1926, describes an electron as a wavefunction instead of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14364282",
"chunk_text": "\"History of chemistry\"\nthe atomic nature of matter. In 1803, English meteorologist and chemist John Dalton proposed Dalton's law, which describes the relationship between the components in a mixture of gases and the relative pressure each contributes to that of the overall mixture. Discovered in 1801, this concept is also known as Dalton's law of partial pressures. Dalton also proposed a modern atomic theory in 1803 which stated that all matter was composed of small indivisible particles termed atoms, atoms of a given element possess unique characteristics and weight, and three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6216670",
"chunk_text": "\"James Franck\"\nJames Franck James Franck (26 August 1882 – 21 May 1964) was a German physicist who won the 1925 Nobel Prize for Physics with Gustav Hertz \"\"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom\"\". He completed his doctorate in 1906 and his habilitation in 1911 at the Frederick William University in Berlin, where he lectured and taught until 1918, having reached the position of professor extraordinarius. He served as a volunteer in the German Army during World War I. He was seriously injured in 1917 in a gas attack and was awarded the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11923175",
"chunk_text": "\"History of physics\"\nthese was the demonstration by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley—known as the Michelson–Morley experiment—which showed there did not seem to be a preferred frame of reference, at rest with respect to the hypothetical luminiferous ether, for describing electromagnetic phenomena. Studies of radiation and radioactive decay continued to be a preeminent focus for physical and chemical research through the 1930s, when the discovery of nuclear fission opened the way to the practical exploitation of what came to be called \"\"atomic\"\" energy. In 1905 a young, 26-year-old German physicist (then a Bern patent clerk) named Albert Einstein (1879–1955), showed how",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13228164",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic theory\"\nthe grains about, and developed a hypothetical mathematical model to describe it. This model was validated experimentally in 1908 by French physicist Jean Perrin, thus providing additional validation for particle theory (and by extension atomic theory). Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible division of matter until 1897 when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays. A Crookes tube is a sealed glass container in which two electrodes are separated by a vacuum. When a voltage is applied across the electrodes, cathode rays are generated, creating a glowing patch where they strike the glass at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15564933",
"chunk_text": "Atomism\nto both the mechanical philosophy and to the chemical atomism that emerged in the early 19th century. Corpuscularianism stayed a dominant theory over the next several hundred years and retained its links with alchemy in the work of scientists such as Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton in the 17th century. It was used by Newton, for instance, in his development of the corpuscular theory of light. The form that came to be accepted by most English scientists after Robert Boyle (1627–1692) was an amalgam of the systems of Descartes and Gassendi. In The Sceptical Chymist (1661), Boyle demonstrates problems that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15622236",
"chunk_text": "\"Ernest Rutherford\"\na total of six workers have been stricken with these ailments. In 2009, an independent commission concluded that the very slightly elevated levels of various radiation related to Rutherford's experiments decades earlier are not the likely cause of such cancers and ruled the illnesses a coincidence. Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"\" considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). In early work, Rutherford discovered the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3908391",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic number\"\n), the single element from which Rutherford made his guess). Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 (but was element on the periodic table), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was \"\"exactly\"\" equal to its place in the periodic table (also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized \"\"Z\"\"). This proved eventually to be the case. The experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913. Moseley, after discussions with Bohr",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8980156",
"chunk_text": "\"Rutherford model\"\nRutherford model The Rutherford model is a model of the atom devised by Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford directed the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909 which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect. Rutherford's new model for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume in comparison to the rest of the atom and with this central volume also containing the bulk of the atomic mass of the atom. This region would be known as the \"\"nucleus\"\" of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "523679",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic mass\"\nmass by its multiplicity. The first scientists to determine relative atomic masses were John Dalton and Thomas Thomson between 1803 and 1805 and Jöns Jakob Berzelius between 1808 and 1826. Relative atomic mass (\"\"Atomic weight\"\") was originally defined relative to that of the lightest element, hydrogen, which was taken as 1.00, and in the 1820s Prout's hypothesis stated that atomic masses of all elements would prove to be exact multiples of that of hydrogen. Berzelius, however, soon proved that this was not even approximately true, and for some elements, such as chlorine, relative atomic mass, at about 35.5, falls almost",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_817
|
creating appropriation bills falls under which power of congress?
|
n/a
|
[
"raising revenue"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2688217",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nand simple resolutions (passed by only one house) do not have the force of law but express the opinion of Congress or regulate procedure. Bills may be introduced by any member of either house. However, the Constitution states, \"\"All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives.\"\" While the Senate cannot originate revenue and appropriation bills, it has power to amend or reject them. Congress has sought ways to establish appropriate spending levels. Each chamber determines its own internal rules of operation unless specified in the Constitution or prescribed by law. In the House, a Rules Committee",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16203494",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nwith working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Other Committees and lawmakers in Congress write legislation creating programs and reauthorizing old ones to continue. This legislation is called an authorization bill. In this legislation, they \"\"authorize\"\" these programs to exist, and they authorize the expenditure of funds on them, but they cannot actually give them the money. That second step, of granting the money, is done in an appropriations bill. The appropriations committees have power because they can decide whether to fund these programs at the maximum level authorized, a lesser amount, or not at all. Appropriations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7813973",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nwith \"\"H.R.\"\", meaning \"\"House of Representatives\"\". In reference to revenue bills, the Constitution also states that the \"\"Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.\"\" As with revenue bills, the Senate and House each drafts and considers its own appropriation bill. The Senate then \"\"cuts-and-pastes,\"\" substituting the language of its version of a particular appropriation bill for the language of the House bill, then agrees to the bill as amended. The United States House Committee on Appropriations and the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations have jurisdiction over appropriations bills. Both committees have twelve matching subcommittees tasked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5064687",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\noccur, or passage of a special appropriations bill known as a continuing resolution, which generally permits continued spending for a short period of time—usually at prior year levels. The Anti-Deficiency Act makes void any attempt to spend money for which there is no current appropriation. According to the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution, all bills for raising revenue, generally tax bills, must originate in the House of Representatives, similar to the Westminster system requirement that all money bills originate in the lower house. Traditionally, though, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. House appropriations bills begin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2627171",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation (law)\"\nof the following year. The United States Constitution (art. I. § 9) says: \"\"No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law.\"\" This places the responsibility and power of deciding appropriations under the jurisdiction of the United States House Committee on Appropriations and the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations. Both committees have twelve matching subcommittees, each tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Appropriations bills in the United States can also come in the format of an omnibus spending bill, a continuing resolution, or a supplemental appropriation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19153900",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nCongress include the authority to borrow money on the credit of the United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin money. Generally both Senate and House have equal legislative authority although only the House may originate revenue bills and, by tradition, appropriation bills. The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally-defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11732403",
"chunk_text": "\"Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015\"\nand the 302(b) allocation. The U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 9, clause 7) states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. The Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015 falls under the jurisdiction of the United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch. The bill covers appropriations for the United States Congress and its related agencies. The House and Senate currently consider appropriations bills simultaneously, although originally the House",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5064685",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nresignation of the Government (unlikely, since there is usually no alternative Government immediately available) or to a dissolution of the House and a subsequent general election. Under the U.S. presidential system, the support of the Congress for the President's appropriations requests is not necessary for the separately elected President to remain in office, but can severely limit the President's ability to govern effectively. In the United States, there are two types of appropriations. When Congress sets up particular programs, the legislation may itself set up the necessary appropriation mechanism, such as the social security program where payment of benefits are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16235929",
"chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nthe Constitution states, \"\"All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives\"\". As a result of the Origination Clause, the Senate cannot initiate bills imposing taxes. This provision barring the Senate from introducing revenue bills is based on the practice of the British Parliament, in which only the House of Commons may originate such measures. Furthermore, congressional tradition holds that the House of Representatives originates appropriation bills. Although it cannot originate revenue bills, the Senate retains the power to amend or reject them. Woodrow Wilson wrote the following about appropriations bills: [T]he constitutional prerogative of the House",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2688183",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nincome taxes without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. The Constitution also grants Congress the exclusive power to appropriate funds, and this \"\"power of the purse\"\" is one of Congress's primary checks on the executive branch. Congress can borrow money on the credit of the United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin money. Generally, both the Senate and the House of Representatives have equal legislative authority, although only the House may originate revenue and appropriation bills. Congress has an important role in national defense, including the exclusive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18077829",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriations bill (United States)\"\nis what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills; however, the President does not have line-item veto authority but must veto the entire bill. There are three types of appropriations bills: regular appropriations bills, continuing resolutions, and supplemental appropriations bills. In any given fiscal year, all three may be used. Traditionally, regular appropriations bills have provided most of the federal government's annual funding. The text of the bill is divided into \"\"accounts\"\" with some larger agencies having several separate accounts (for things like salaries or research/development) and some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20263242",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\nthe House of Representatives holds that the Senate does not have the power to originate appropriation bills, or bills authorizing the expenditure of federal funds. Historically, the Senate has disputed the interpretation advocated by the House. However, when the Senate originates an appropriations bill, the House simply refuses to consider it, thereby settling the dispute in practice. The constitutional provision barring the Senate from introducing revenue bills is based on the practice of the British Parliament, in which only the House of Commons may originate such measures. Although the Constitution gave the House the power to initiate revenue bills, in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4355609",
"chunk_text": "\"Money bill\"\n1(5) of the National Loans Act 1968. For this purpose, the expression \"\"Public Bill\"\" does not include any Bill for confirming a Provisional Order. Bradley and Ewing said that the statutory definition of Money Bill is \"\"strictly interpreted\"\". Most annual Finance Bills have not been certified to be Money Bills. While the United States of America is not a parliamentary democracy, the Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that all bills raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, consistent with British constitutional practice; by convention, appropriation bills (bills that \"\"spend\"\" money) also originate in the House. Unlike in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6536970",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch\"\nbills, which add additional funding above and beyond what was originally appropriated at the beginning of the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7813960",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nAppropriation bill An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In most democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money. In a Westminster parliamentary system, the defeat of an appropriation bill in a parliamentary vote generally necessitates either the resignation of a government or the calling of a general election. One of the more famous examples of the defeat of a supply bill was the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19993357",
"chunk_text": "\"Procedures of the United States Congress\"\nserve to express the opinion of Congress, or to regulate procedure. In many cases, lobbyists write legislation and submit it to a member for introduction. Congressional lobbyists are legally required to be registered in a central database. Bills may be introduced by any member of either house. However, the Constitution provides that: \"\"All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives.\"\" As a result, the Senate does not have the power to initiate bills imposing taxes. Furthermore, the House of Representatives holds that the Senate does not have the power to originate appropriation bills, or bills authorizing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "6974915",
"chunk_text": "\"United States House Committee on Appropriations\"\nGovernment, and transferred jurisdiction over Legislative Branch appropriations from the full committee to a newly reinstated Legislative Branch Subcommittee, which had not existed since the 108th Congress. United States House Committee on Appropriations The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee is responsible for passing appropriation bills along with its Senate counterpart. The bills passed by the Appropriations Committee regulate expenditures of money by the government of the United States. As such, it is one of the most powerful of the committees, and its members are seen as influential.",
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"page_id": 16
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6974904",
"chunk_text": "\"United States House Committee on Appropriations\"\nUnited States House Committee on Appropriations The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee is responsible for passing appropriation bills along with its Senate counterpart. The bills passed by the Appropriations Committee regulate expenditures of money by the government of the United States. As such, it is one of the most powerful of the committees, and its members are seen as influential. They make the key decisions about the work of their committees—when their committees meet, which bills they will consider, and for how long. The constitutional basis for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1990120",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nprevious appropriations bills or the provide new funding for unexpected expenses. For example, both the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War were funded with a variety of supplemental appropriations. Supplemental appropriations bills also provide funding for recovering from unexpected natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy (the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013). Annual appropriations are divided into 12 separate pieces of legislation: Appropriation bill An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In most democracies, approval",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10538178",
"chunk_text": "\"United States budget process\"\nuntil April 10. After both houses pass a budget resolution, selected Representatives and Senators negotiate a conference report to reconcile differences between the House and the Senate versions. The conference report, in order to become binding, must be approved by both the House and Senate. The budget resolution is not legally binding but serves as a blueprint for the actual appropriation process, and provides Congress with some control over the appropriation process. All new discretionary spending requires authority through enactment of appropriation bills or continuing resolutions. In general, funds for federal government programs must be authorized by an \"\"authorizing committee\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17276291",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies\"\nare one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over all Department of Interior discretionary spending (except the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) as well",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nthe structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause. Congress has authority over financial and budgetary policy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Procedures of the United States Congress\"\nthe expenditure of federal funds. Historically, the Senate has disputed the interpretation advocated by the House. However, whenever the Senate originates an appropriations bill, the House simply refuses to consider it, thereby settling the dispute in practice. Nevertheless, while the Senate cannot originate revenue and appropriation bills, it does retain the power to amend or reject them. A congressional act in 1974 established procedures to try to establish appropriate annual spending levels. Each bill goes through several stages in each house. The first stage involves consideration by a committee which often seeks input from relevant departments as well as requests",
"is_relevant": null,
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12456868",
"chunk_text": "\"Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974\"\neffectively removed the presidential power of impoundment. Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (, , ) is a United States federal law that governs the role of the Congress in the United States budget process. Titles I through IX of the law are also known as the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. Title II created the Congressional Budget Office. Title III governs the procedures by which Congress annually adopts a budget resolution, a concurrent resolution that is not signed by the President, which sets fiscal policy for the Congress.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10326881",
"chunk_text": "\"United States federal budget\"\nmulti-year appropriations, in which their budget authority is specified for several coming fiscal years. In the congressional budgeting process, an \"\"authorization\"\" (technically the \"\"authorization act\"\") provides the legal authority for the executive branch to act, establishes an account which can receive money to implement the action, and sets a limit on how much money may be expended. However, this account remains empty until Congress approves an \"\"appropriation\"\", which requires the U.S. Treasury to provide funds (up to the limit provided for in the authorization). Congress is not required to appropriate as much money as is authorized. Congress may both authorize",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18801036",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriations bill (United States)\"\nhave jurisdiction over appropriations bills. Both committees have twelve matching subcommittees tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. Other Committees and lawmakers in Congress write legislation creating programs and reauthorizing old ones to continue. This legislation is called an authorization bill. In this legislation, they \"\"authorize\"\" these programs to exist, and they authorize the expenditure of funds on them, but they cannot actually give them the money. That second step, of granting the money, is done in an appropriations bill. The appropriations committees have power because they can decide whether to fund these programs at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14656636",
"chunk_text": "\"Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015\"\npreceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. The U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 9, clause 7) states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. The Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015 falls under the jurisdiction of the United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development. The bill covers appropriations for the Department of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2053730",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies\"\nbe used for things like disaster relief. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. This subcommittee is responsible for discretionary spending at the Commerce",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6974905",
"chunk_text": "\"United States House Committee on Appropriations\"\nthe Appropriations Committee comes from Article one, Section nine, Clause seven of the U.S. Constitution, which says This clearly delegated the power of appropriating money to Congress, but was vague beyond that. Originally, the power of appropriating was taken by the Committee on Ways and Means, but the United States Civil War placed a large burden on the Congress, and at the end of that conflict, a reorganization occurred. The Committee on Appropriations was created on December 11, 1865, when the U.S. House of Representatives separated the tasks of the Committee on Ways and Means into three parts. The passage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14247290",
"chunk_text": "\"Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation\"\nbetween Congressional appropriation bills, nor is the distinction between Congressional appropriation bills, nor is the distinction provided with any conceptual plausibility.\"\" They said \"\"The Constitution does not distinguish between Congressional appropriations made to administrative 'spending programs' and Congressional budget appropriations made to the executive branch. All appropriations require Congressional legislative action. The Congressional 'power of the purse' refers to this exclusive power of Congress to appropriate funds, which power derives from specific provisions of the Constitution, including Article I, § 8, which empowers Congress to 'pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "19501283",
"chunk_text": "\"Origination Clause\"\nto resolve the impasse by using the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, an insignificant bill that originated in the House, which it amended all the tax and appropriation measures so to satisfy the formal requirements of the Originating Clause. Origination Clause The Origination Clause, sometimes called the Revenue Clause, is Article I, Section 7, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution. This clause says that all bills for raising revenue must start in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as in the case of other bills. The Origination Clause stemmed from a British parliamentary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12456862",
"chunk_text": "\"Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974\"\nCongressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (, , ) is a United States federal law that governs the role of the Congress in the United States budget process. Titles I through IX of the law are also known as the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. Title II created the Congressional Budget Office. Title III governs the procedures by which Congress annually adopts a budget resolution, a concurrent resolution that is not signed by the President, which sets fiscal policy for the Congress. This budget resolution sets limits on revenues",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7813975",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nbills in the United States can also come in the format of an omnibus spending bill, a continuing resolution, or a supplemental appropriation bill. If Congress has not enacted the regular appropriations bills by the start of a new fiscal year, it can pass a continuing resolution, which continues the pre-existing appropriations at the same levels as the previous fiscal year (or with minor modifications) for a set amount of time. An omnibus spending bill is simply a combination of multiple appropriations bills into one larger appropriations bill. Supplemental appropriations bills increase funding for activities that were already funded in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8508351",
"chunk_text": "\"Budget resolution\"\nBudget resolution In the United States Congress, a budget resolution is part of the United States budget process. It is in the form of a concurrent resolution passed by both the House of Representatives and the Senate but is not presented to the President and does not have the force of law. It sets out the congressional budget. The United States House Committee on the Budget and the United States Senate Committee on the Budget draft a budget resolution. Following the traditional calendar, both committees finalize their draft resolution by early April and submit it to their respective floors for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17097364",
"chunk_text": "\"Authorization bill\"\nAuthorization bill An authorization bill is a type of legislation used in the United States to authorize the activities of the various agencies and programs that are part of the federal government of the United States. Authorizing such programs is one of the powers of the United States Congress. Authorizations give those things the legal power to operate and exist. Authorization bills must be passed in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate before being signed by the President of the United States in order to become law. They may originate in either chamber of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3703651",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies\"\nSupplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19153898",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nPowers of the United States Congress Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called \"\"enumerated powers\"\"; others have been assumed to exist and are called \"\"implied powers\"\". Article I of the Constitution sets forth most of the powers of Congress, which include numerous explicit powers enumerated in Section 8. Constitutional amendments have granted",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19993288",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\ncommerce, in rulings such as \"\"McCulloch v Maryland\"\", have effectively widened the scope of Congress' legislative authority far beyond that prescribed in Section 8. Powers of the United States Congress Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called \"\"enumerated powers\"\"; others have been assumed to exist and are called \"\"implied powers\"\". Article I",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19153899",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nCongress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution. Congress has authority over financial and budgetary matters, through the enumerated power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, extended power of taxation to include income taxes. The Constitution also grants Congress exclusively the power to appropriate funds. This power of the purse is one of Congress' primary checks on the executive branch. Other powers granted to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2053968",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense\"\nand the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. Funding requirements for the United States military are laid out in the U.S Constitution. In addition to the general requirement that funds withdrawn from the Treasury only through \"\"appropriations made by law\"\" (), the Constitution gives Congress the authority to \"\"raise and support Armies,\"\" but",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4616287",
"chunk_text": "\"Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015\"\nand Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015 is an example of a regular appropriations bill. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. The U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 9, clause 7) states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. The Military Construction and Veterans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12293133",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government\"\na larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills. This subcommittee continues to have jurisdiction over the budget of the District of Columbia, and was given jurisdiction over agency funding handled by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3946367",
"chunk_text": "\"United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development\"\n(or with minor modifications) for a set amount of time. The third type of appropriations bills are supplemental appropriations bills, which add additional funding above and beyond what was originally appropriated at the beginning of the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19993286",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nBlood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.” Congress is also granted a power by Article IV Section 3: “The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.” Other congressional powers have been granted, or confirmed, by constitutional amendments. The Thirteenth (1865), Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth Amendments (1870) gave Congress authority to enact legislation to enforce rights",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13140454",
"chunk_text": "\"United States federal budget\"\nof accrual accounting, which recognizes obligations and revenues when they are incurred. The costs of some federal credit and loan programs, according to provisions of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, are calculated on a net present value basis. Federal agencies cannot spend money unless funds are authorized and appropriated. Typically, separate Congressional committees have jurisdiction over authorization and appropriations. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees currently have 12 subcommittees, which are responsible for drafting the 12 regular appropriations bills that determine amounts of discretionary spending for various federal programs. Appropriations bills must pass both the House and Senate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14303960",
"chunk_text": "\"Article One of the United States Constitution\"\nappropriation bills. This clause of the U.S. Constitution stemmed from an English parliamentary practice that all money bills must have their first reading in the House of Commons. This practice was intended to ensure that the power of the purse is possessed by the legislative body most responsive to the people, although the English practice was modified in America by allowing the Senate to amend these bills. The clause was part of the Great Compromise between small and large states; the large states were unhappy with the lopsided power of small states in the Senate, and so the clause theoretically",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "17830292",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\nused to actually provide money for \"\"discretionary\"\" programs. Appropriations are generally done on an annual basis, although multi-year appropriations are occasionally passed. According to the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, clause 12), Army appropriations cannot be for more than two years at a time. An annual appropriation requires that the funds appropriated be obligated (spent) by the end of the fiscal year of the appropriation. Once the fiscal year ends, no more money can be spent via the prior year's appropriation. A new appropriation for the new fiscal year must be passed in order for continued spending to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14308274",
"chunk_text": "\"United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch\"\namount of time. The third type of appropriations bills are supplemental appropriations bills, which add additional funding above and beyond what was originally appropriated at the beginning of the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. Article One of the United States Constitution, section 9, clause 7, states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18077828",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriations bill (United States)\"\nfor a set amount of time. The third type of appropriations bills are supplemental appropriations bills, which add additional funding above and beyond what was originally appropriated at the beginning of the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief. Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. of the U.S. Constitution states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law...\"\" This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7813970",
"chunk_text": "\"Appropriation bill\"\n\"\"mandatory\"\". A mandatory program does not need an additional authorisation in order for spending under the program to occur. An authorization bill can create programs and make known Congress's intended level of spending for programs that also require an appropriation. What distinguishes a mandatory program from a discretionary program is that after Congress enacts a law creating a mandatory program, the program is permitted to spend funds until the program expires based on a provision in law, or until a subsequent law either terminates the program or reauthorizes it. \"\"Discretionary\"\" programs typically require annual appropriations legislation. An appropriation bill is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_818
|
who sings the song let me love you?
|
n/a
|
[
"DJ Snake featuring Justin Bieber",
"Justin Bieber",
"Singh H Spot"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "7885731",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song)\"\nLet Me Love You (DJ Snake song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song recorded by French electronic music producer DJ Snake, taken as the third single from his debut studio album, \"\"Encore\"\" (2016). It featured vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The artists co-wrote the song with Andrew Watt, Ali Tamposi, Brian Lee, and Louis Bell, while the song's production was handled by DJ Snake. The song was released on August 5, 2016, through Interscope Records. Its music video was released on YouTube on November 29, 2016. \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is written in the key of C minor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9137399",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Mario song)\"\nLet Me Love You (Mario song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song by American singer Mario. It was released on November 16, 2004 from his second studio album, \"\"Turning Point\"\" (2004). It was written by Ne-Yo, and produced by Scott Storch. The remix of the song, also produced by Storch, contains rapped verses from Jadakiss and T.I.. The song was an instant hit, garnering Mario a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2006. In 2008, it was ranked at number 45 on \"\"Billboard\"\"s All-Time Top 100 Hot 100 singles during the first 50 years of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4646621",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Mario song)\"\nmaking it Mario's biggest hit to date in the UK. The single also holds the honor of being one of the highest-selling ringtones with 1.6 million downloads. The music video was directed by Little X. !scope=\"\"col\"\" colspan=\"\"3\"\"| Ringtone Let Me Love You (Mario song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song by American singer Mario. It was released on November 16, 2004 from his second studio album, \"\"Turning Point\"\" (2004). It was written by Ne-Yo, and produced by Scott Storch. The remix of the song, also produced by Storch, contains rapped verses from Jadakiss and T.I.. The song was an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12124224",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song)\"\nLet Me Love You (Ariana Grande song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, featuring American rapper Lil Wayne from her third studio album \"\"Dangerous Woman\"\" (2016). It was written by Thomas Brown, Victoria McCants, Steven Franks, Grande and Wayne, with production being done by Franks and Brown, the latter under the name TB Hits. The song was released as the second promotional single from the album on April 18, 2016. A slow-paced, sultry R&B track, \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" features delicate piano chords, electro-beats, smooth, deep bass, trap-lite, hip-hop beats, and interspersed vocals.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8878462",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Junggigo and Chanyeol song)\"\nLet Me Love You (Junggigo and Chanyeol song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\", is a song by South Korean singers Junggigo and Chanyeol, a member of K-pop group EXO. It was released on February 23, 2017 by Starship Entertainment. On February 16, 2017, Junggigo and Chanyeol were announced to be collaborating on a duet titled \"\"Let Me Love You\"\". The song is described as a melodic love confession song. On the same day, Junggigo's agency Starship Entertainment released a teaser image for the upcoming duet with the details of the song's title and the date of its release. On February 20,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7885734",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song)\"\nto reach number six, becoming DJ Snake's third top 10 and Bieber's twelfth top 10 single. It reached number four the following week. The remix of the song with the collaboration of American R&B singer R. Kelly debuted at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 on the issue dated 14 January 2017. The remix opened at number 11 on Hot Dance/Electronic Songs with 25,000 downloads. Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song recorded by French electronic music producer DJ Snake, taken as the third single from his debut studio album, \"\"Encore\"\"",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let You Love Me\"\nLet You Love Me \"\"Let You Love Me\"\" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, released on 21 September 2018 as the fourth single from her second studio album, \"\"Phoenix\"\" (2018). A music video was released on the same day. The song reached the top ten in twelve countries, including the United Kingdom where it peaked at number four. It became Ora's 13th song to reach the UK top ten, thus breaking a record for most top ten songs by a British female solo artist. The accompanying music video for \"\"Let You Love Me\"\" was released on YouTube on",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Junggigo and Chanyeol song)\"\na teaser of the two artists recording the song was released. On February 23, midnight, the single was officially released. The song hit the #1 spot on four music charts and #2 on two music charts after its release. Let Me Love You (Junggigo and Chanyeol song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\", is a song by South Korean singers Junggigo and Chanyeol, a member of K-pop group EXO. It was released on February 23, 2017 by Starship Entertainment. On February 16, 2017, Junggigo and Chanyeol were announced to be collaborating on a duet titled \"\"Let Me Love You\"\". The song is",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bunny Mack\"\nBunny Mack Bunny Mack (born Cecil Bunting MacCormack 3 December 1945 – 11 July 2015) was a Sierra Leonean musician, singer, songwriter and performer. He was best known for his song \"\"Let Me Love You\"\". Mack was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone. He began playing the harmonica and penny-whistle at the age of six. He made his first public appearance when at the age of eight, and played with friends in the band called The Daverns Bunny Mack rose to fame and became popular in the global music scene after the release of his song \"\"Let Me Love You\"\", which",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me (Elvis Presley song)\"\nin Hollywood, at three sessions on August 24, September 4, and October 1, 1956. Let Me (Elvis Presley song) Let Me is a song by Elvis Presley. The song is credited to Elvis Presley and Vera Matson, the wife of Ken Darby, the principal writer, published by Elvis Presley Music. The song was featured in the movie \"\"Love Me Tender\"\" and was released as an RCA Victor EP in 1956. \"\"Let Me\"\" was recorded on September 4, 1956. \"\"Let Me\"\" appeared in the 1956 movie \"\"Love Me Tender\"\". The song was released on an RCA Victor EP from the movie,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11844114",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You Tonight\"\nLet Me Love You Tonight \"\"Let Me Love You Tonight\"\" is a 1980 song by the American pop and country rock band Pure Prairie League. Taken as the first single from their 1980 album, \"\"Firin' Up\"\", \"\"Let Me Love You Tonight\"\" became the band's first (and, to date, only) song to enter the top 10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at number 10 during the summer of 1980, and remained in the Top 40 for 11 weeks. The song also spent three weeks at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" adult contemporary chart. The lead vocalist for",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song)\"\nblack leather bustier, shorts and high heels asking a new man if she can love him. And then Lil Wayne shows up in a puff of smoke trailing some XXL promises.\"\" The music video spawned a nomination for Best Collaboration at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards. It surpassed 100 million views on October 25, 2016, making it Grande's thirteenth Vevo-certified music video after \"\"Side to Side\"\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"\"Dangerous Woman\"\", Republic Records. Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande, featuring American",
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},
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"chunk_id": "10243045",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (DJ Rebel and Mohombi song)\"\nLet Me Love You (DJ Rebel and Mohombi song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song by Belgian Electro house artist DJ Rebel and Swedish singer Mohombi featuring Shaggy. The song comes from his upcoming album. It contains samples of music from the tradition Algerian song \"\"Abdel Kader\"\" made famous by Algerian artist Khaled. The song was released on 1 August 2016. \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" contains sampling of an Algerian traditional song, which was later made famous even more famous by \"\"Abdel Kader\"\" (1993). DJ Rebel sampled the musical refrain from it into his new single, with new English",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "10663819",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me (Elvis Presley song)\"\nLet Me (Elvis Presley song) Let Me is a song by Elvis Presley. The song is credited to Elvis Presley and Vera Matson, the wife of Ken Darby, the principal writer, published by Elvis Presley Music. The song was featured in the movie \"\"Love Me Tender\"\" and was released as an RCA Victor EP in 1956. \"\"Let Me\"\" was recorded on September 4, 1956. \"\"Let Me\"\" appeared in the 1956 movie \"\"Love Me Tender\"\". The song was released on an RCA Victor EP from the movie, EPA-4006, which also included the title track, \"\"Poor Boy\"\", and \"\"We're Gonna Move\"\". Instead",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me (Zayn song)\"\nsixth worst song of 2018, describing it as \"\"defanged\"\" and \"\"vapid\"\", the melody as \"\"forgettable\"\", and the verses as \"\"cringe-worthy\"\". Credits adapted from Tidal. Let Me (Zayn song) \"\"Let Me\"\" is a song recorded by English singer and songwriter Zayn. Written by Michael Hannides, Anthony Hannides, Zayn, Alan Sampson, Khaled Rohaim and produced by Rohaim and MakeYouKnowLove, it was released by RCA Records on 12 April 2018, as the first single from Zayn's second studio album \"\"Icarus Falls\"\" (2018). On 24 March 2018, Zayn posted a 15-second teaser on Twitter with the \"\"soon\"\" emoji. The video starts with the words",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12865845",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Let Go\"\nLet Me Let Go \"\"Let Me Let Go\"\" is a song written by Steve Diamond and Dennis Morgan, and recorded by American country music artist Faith Hill. It was released in September 1998 as the third single from the album \"\"Faith\"\". The song features background vocals by Vince Gill. \"\"Let Me Let Go\"\" was also remixed into a pop version and used as the soundtrack for the movie \"\"Message in a Bottle\"\". The remix was also added to the international album \"\"Love Will Always Win\"\" and the compilation album \"\"There You'll Be\"\". The song was nominated for a Grammy for",
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"chunk_id": "10243046",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (DJ Rebel and Mohombi song)\"\nlanguage lyrics written by Mohombi and Shaggy. Shaggy and Mohombi previously worked together in \"\"I Need Your Love\"\" (2014), credited to Shaggy, Mohombi, Faydee and Costi, a hit that received commercial success. The music video for the song was released on 1 August 2016, on DJ Rebel official channel. The video directed by Alex Ceaușu features the three credited artists DJ Rebel, Mohombi and Shaggy, with many models and dancers appears throughout the video. DJ Rebel takes his turntables stuff to the beach, where the party has started. Mohombi performs the song with DJ Rebel in the background while the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Mario song)\"\nthe chart. It was the eighth most successful single of the decade according to the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 Songs of the Decade chart released in December 2009. In 2013, it was ranked at number 53 on \"\"Billboard\"\"s All-Time Top 100 Hot 100 singles during the first 55 years of the chart. Dutch producer Dastic sampled the song and released his own tropical house version featuring vocals from singer CADE. The version charted on the Belgian Dance and Ultratip Bubbling Under charts. \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a moderate R&B ballad in G minor, centered around the progression C minor /",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "5494218",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Go (Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso song)\"\nLet Me Go (Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso song) \"\"Let Me Go\"\" is a song by American singer Hailee Steinfeld and Swedish DJ and record producer Alesso, featuring American country music duo Florida Georgia Line and American singer-songwriter Andrew Watt. It was written by Ali Tamposi, Brian Lee, Jamie Lidell, Alesso and Watt, with production handled by the latter two. The song was released through Republic Records on September 8, 2017. On September 5, 2017, Republic Records confirmed the forthcoming collaboration, and revealed its release and radio airplay date. On September 7, 2017, Steinfeld posted teasers on social media, officially announcing",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song)\"\nthey felt like \"\"old school Lil Wayne.\"\" On April 18, 2016, \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" was released as the album's second promotional single from the album. \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" was written by Thomas Brown, Victoria McCants, Steven Franks, Ariana Grande and Dwayne Carter. The song was produced by Brown and Franks. It features American rapper Lil Wayne and contains an interpolation of the song \"\"All the Time\"\", recorded by Jeremih, Wayne and Natasha Mosley, and produced by Fki. \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a \"\"a slow-paced sultry jam\"\", having a laid back R&B melody, delicate piano chords, electro-beats, smooth,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Let You Love Me\"\nout of time with the song. She was praised for her recovery by fellow artists and performers during the parade. Ora performed the song at the 2018 ARIA Awards on 28 November. She later performed the song on \"\"Michael McIntyre's Big Show\"\" on 1 December, and on Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2018 on 2 December. She also performed the song with a live band on \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\" on 5 December. Credits adapted from Tidal. Let You Love Me \"\"Let You Love Me\"\" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, released on 21 September 2018 as the fourth single",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "9826977",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me (Pat Green song)\"\nLet Me (Pat Green song) \"\"Let Me\"\" is a song written by Marc Beeson and Danny Orton, and recorded by American country music artist Pat Green. It was released in June 2008 as the lead-off single from his album \"\"What I'm For\"\", which was released on January 27, 2009. The song peaked at #12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs chart, becoming his second highest-charting single, behind 2003's \"\"Wave on Wave\"\", which peaked at #3. \"\"Let Me\"\" is a mid-tempo ballad in which the narrator promises to offer emotional support to the one that he loves. Describing the song in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You Tonight\"\nthe band at the time was Vince Gill, who would later become a successful country music singer in his own right. Noted saxophonist David Sanborn can also be heard on the track. Let Me Love You Tonight \"\"Let Me Love You Tonight\"\" is a 1980 song by the American pop and country rock band Pure Prairie League. Taken as the first single from their 1980 album, \"\"Firin' Up\"\", \"\"Let Me Love You Tonight\"\" became the band's first (and, to date, only) song to enter the top 10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at number 10 during",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4195746",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Your Love Flow\"\nLet Your Love Flow \"\"Let Your Love Flow\"\" is a pop song written by Larry E. Williams which was recorded in the autumn of 1975 by country music duo the Bellamy Brothers for whom it afforded an international hit in 1976. The song's composer Larry E. Williams had been a roadie for Neil Diamond's live shows and \"\"Let Your Love Flow\"\" had been published by Bicycle Music who owned Diamond's own catalog having been founded by the singer - on Diamond's apparent disinterest in recording the song himself Howard Bellamy of the Bellamy Brothers has commented \"\"it really wasn't in",
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"chunk_id": "16285234",
"chunk_text": "Wafia\nthe song accessible. Wafia Wafia Al-Rikabi (born 4 August 1993), known professionally as Wafia, is an Australian singer songwriter of Iraqi-Syrian origin. Originally studying biomedicine at university, she began to write songs to escape its monotony. Her first major hit was \"\"Let Me Love You,\"\" garnering almost 5 million plays on Soundcloud. She has since signed to indie record label Future Classic, releasing her debut EP \"\"XXIX\"\" in November 2015. The EP's lead single \"\"Heartburn,\"\" produced by Ta-ku, received praise from producer Pharrell Williams being played during his Beats 1 radio show. In March 2016, she released the single \"\"Window",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "19489051",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Live\"\nLet Me Live \"\"Let Me Live\"\" is a song by Queen, from the album \"\"Made in Heaven\"\". Freddie Mercury, Roger Taylor and Brian May share lead vocals, with Mercury singing the first verse, Taylor singing the second verse & bridge, and May singing the last verse. During the choruses, all of the band members sing (except for John Deacon), as well as a background choir, giving it a gospel sound reminiscent of the band's 1976 single \"\"Somebody to Love\"\". The single reached #9 in the UK Single Charts. Freddie Mercury stated in an interview that this song was originally recorded",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4277078",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)\"\nLet Me Go (Avril Lavigne song) \"\"Let Me Go\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne and Canadian rock band Nickelback lead vocalist Chad Kroeger for Lavigne's self-titled fifth studio album. It was written by Lavigne, Kroeger and David Hodges. The song was released on 15 October 2013, by Epic Records, as the third single of \"\"Avril Lavigne\"\". It is Lavigne's first single to feature a guest performer. Critics gave the piano-driven power ballad mixed reviews, with some calling it \"\"a monster duet\"\", and others criticizing Kroeger's vocals and his involvement in the track. A music video",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Mario song)\"\nG minor / F major. It is written in common time. The song was written by Ne-Yo, and features him singing backing vocals in two-part harmony and unison. Jon Parales from \"\"The New York Times\"\" commented that \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" \"\"looks back to another 1980s blockbuster, lifting its keyboard sound from Tina Turner's 'What's Love Got to Do with It'.\"\" In 2004, \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" was nominated for a Vibe Award for Best R&B Song and two Teen Choice Awards, Choice Love Song and Choice R&B/Rap Track, but it failed to receive any awards. In 2005, it received",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Ariana Grande song)\"\nin late 2014, as stated by Grande during an interview with Ryan Seacrest. Later, on March 11, 2016, Grande revealed the title of four tracks from the track list of \"\"Dangerous Woman\"\", with one being \"\"Let Me Love You\"\", which was said to have American rapper Lil Wayne as a featured guest. Wayne had previously rapped about Grande on his track \"\"London Roads\"\" off his album \"\"Free Weezy Album\"\" (2015). Ten days later, Grande teased a snippet of the track through her Snapchat account. She also stated that it was one of her favorite verses of his ever and that",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mario (American singer)\"\nMario (American singer) Mario Dewar Barrett (born August 27, 1986), known mononymously as Mario, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer and model. He is known for his singles \"\"Just a Friend\"\" (2002) and \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" (2004), which won him two \"\"Billboard\"\" Music Awards, as well as for appearing in the films \"\"Step Up\"\" and \"\"Freedom Writers\"\". He has released four studio albums: \"\"Mario\"\" (2002), \"\"Turning Point\"\" (2004), \"\"Go\"\" (2007), and \"\"D.N.A.\"\" (2009). At the end of the 2000s decade, Mario was ranked #98 by \"\"Billboard\"\" on their \"\"Artist of the Decade\"\" list. His fifth studio album",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Yourself be Loved\"\nLet Yourself be Loved “Let yourself be Loved” is a song by Indie Rock band Diamond Carter. The song was featured on the band’s first album entitled \"\"Pink Balloon,\"\" released in September 2012. It was co-written by Diamond Carter’s front man, Tyler Tuohy, the bands producer, Michael Gigante, and actor John Stamos, who also directed the song’s music video in March of 2014. The video stars Tuohy alongside actress Nicky Whelan and was released as a feature music video on Yahoo! Music May 14, 2014. This was the first music video Stamos had recorded since “Hot Fun in the Summertime”",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Yourself be Loved\"\nwith The Beach Boys in the early 90’s. The video received Twitter recognition from artists such as John Stamos, Howard Stern, Lori Loughlin, Amanda Cerny and Matt Sorum. Not wanting to forget the idea of the song, along with the lyrics “Let yourself be loved,” Stamos recorded himself singing the line and humming the tune one night before going to bed. He later contacted his friend, Michael Gigante, about his recording and Gigante put him in touch with Tuohy from Diamond Carter. Together the three finished the song, adding music, verses and the rest of the chorus to what would",
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (DJ Snake song)\"\nwith a tempo of 100 beats per minute in common time. The song follows a chord progression of CmEE/GAE/GA, and Bieber's vocals span from C to C. The music video for the song was released on November 29, 2016. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine referred to the video as \"\"Bonnie and Clyde with a twist\"\" as it shows a few takes with a couple engaging in a high speed chase, a run in with a head boss and a makeout session in the getaway car. In the end, it is revealed that the action sequences are part of a video simulation and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "10243047",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (DJ Rebel and Mohombi song)\"\ngirls are dancing. In a second verse, Mohombi is shown singing to his love interest. Shaggy appears in the third verse of the video joining the party. The video ends with all dancers around DJ Rebel. Let Me Love You (DJ Rebel and Mohombi song) \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" is a song by Belgian Electro house artist DJ Rebel and Swedish singer Mohombi featuring Shaggy. The song comes from his upcoming album. It contains samples of music from the tradition Algerian song \"\"Abdel Kader\"\" made famous by Algerian artist Khaled. The song was released on 1 August 2016. \"\"Let Me",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4233531",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me In (The Osmonds song)\"\nLet Me In (The Osmonds song) \"\"Let Me In\"\" is a song written by Alan Osmond, Merrill Osmond, and Wayne Osmond and performed by The Osmonds. It reached No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart, No. 4 on the U.S. easy listening chart, No. 5 on Canadian adult contemporary chart, #15 on the Canadian pop chart, and #36 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" chart in 1973. It was featured on their 1973 album, \"\"The Plan\"\". The song was produced by Alan Osmond. It broke from the group's string of harder rock-sounding hits through the early 1970s and began a string in which",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "9826979",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me (Pat Green song)\"\n\"\"lost\"\" in the song and was unable to add any personality to the delivery. \"\"Washington Post\"\" critic Chris Richards said that Green's vocal delivery did not \"\"sit right\"\" in the \"\"slow-burn\"\" of the song, and Joey Guerra of the \"\"Houston Chronicle\"\" called it \"\"stock country loverboy stuff.\"\" Let Me (Pat Green song) \"\"Let Me\"\" is a song written by Marc Beeson and Danny Orton, and recorded by American country music artist Pat Green. It was released in June 2008 as the lead-off single from his album \"\"What I'm For\"\", which was released on January 27, 2009. The song peaked at",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "8960432",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Take You Dancing\"\nLet Me Take You Dancing \"\"Let Me Take You Dancing\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian artist Bryan Adams. It was written by Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance and was later remixed by John Luongo. It is notable for being Adams' first solo single and his first ever release as a solo artist when he was 18. A disco influenced pop song in its original mix, the popular remixed version of the song is even more disco-oriented. It was one of the first songs that Adams and Vallance wrote together and was based on a rag-time piano riff",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "428051",
"chunk_text": "\"Mario (American singer)\"\ntells: \"\"Be comfortable in your own skin, and let animals keep theirs\"\". Mario has homes in Baltimore, Atlanta and Los Angeles. Mario (American singer) Mario Dewar Barrett (born August 27, 1986), known mononymously as Mario, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer and model. He is known for his singles \"\"Just a Friend\"\" (2002) and \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" (2004), which won him two \"\"Billboard\"\" Music Awards, as well as for appearing in the films \"\"Step Up\"\" and \"\"Freedom Writers\"\". He has released four studio albums: \"\"Mario\"\" (2002), \"\"Turning Point\"\" (2004), \"\"Go\"\" (2007), and \"\"D.N.A.\"\" (2009). At the end",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13285814",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Go (Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso song)\"\nSounds Like Nashville felt it \"\"bops like the next big club hit with FGL and Steinfeld trading off verses for an up-tempo love song\"\". Credits adapted from Tidal. ! scope=\"\"row\"\"| Portugal (AFP) Let Me Go (Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso song) \"\"Let Me Go\"\" is a song by American singer Hailee Steinfeld and Swedish DJ and record producer Alesso, featuring American country music duo Florida Georgia Line and American singer-songwriter Andrew Watt. It was written by Ali Tamposi, Brian Lee, Jamie Lidell, Alesso and Watt, with production handled by the latter two. The song was released through Republic Records on September",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "7363884",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Out (song)\"\nLet Me Out (song) \"\"Let Me Out\"\" is a song by alternative rock virtual band Gorillaz, featuring Pusha T and Mavis Staples. The song was released on 6 April 2017. It was released as the fifth single from their fifth studio album \"\"Humanz\"\". \"\"Let Me Out\"\" is the fifth single from the band's album \"\"Humanz\"\" and was produced by Damon Albarn, Remi Kabaka and the album's executive producer The Twilite Tone. The song features guest vocals from gospel singer Mavis Staples and GOOD Music president and rapper Pusha T. The song was written by Albarn, on a train journey, when",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Yourself be Loved\"\nmirroring the events that took place that day. For Tuohy, the song shows evidence of misconstrued bliss that seems relevant at the beginning of a relationship, but loses dignity once intimacy is the only thing left to supersede solidarity. Let Yourself be Loved “Let yourself be Loved” is a song by Indie Rock band Diamond Carter. The song was featured on the band’s first album entitled \"\"Pink Balloon,\"\" released in September 2012. It was co-written by Diamond Carter’s front man, Tyler Tuohy, the bands producer, Michael Gigante, and actor John Stamos, who also directed the song’s music video in March",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself)\"\nLet Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself) \"\"Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself)\"\" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Ne-Yo, taken from his fifth studio album, \"\"R.E.D.\"\" (2012). Released on July 10, 2012 by Motown Records, the song serves as the mainstream lead single from the album following the release of an R&B-tinged lead single, \"\"Lazy Love\"\". \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" combines elements of synthpop and Europop with a celebratory chorus co-written with indie pop singer and songwriter Sia Furler and production courtesy of Ne-Yo's frequent Norwegian collaborators Stargate and",
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"chunk_id": "15825828",
"chunk_text": "\"Baby Let Me Take You (In My Arms)\"\nBaby Let Me Take You (In My Arms) \"\"Baby Let Me Take You (In My Arms)\"\" is a song written by Abrim Tilmon and performed by The Detroit Emeralds. It reached #4 on the R&B chart and #24 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1972. The song was featured on their 1972 album, \"\"You Want It, You Got It\"\". The song was produced by Katouzzion and arranged by Abrim Tilmon and Johnny Allen. The single was ranked #95 on \"\"Billboard's\"\" Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1972. Eazy E sampled \"\"Baby Let Me Take You (In My Arms)\"\" on his song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13311490",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Blow Ya Mind\"\nLet Me Blow Ya Mind \"\"Let Me Blow Ya Mind\"\" is a song by American rapper Eve, featuring American singer Gwen Stefani. It was released on May 15, 2001, as the second and final single from Eve's second album, \"\"Scorpion\"\" (2001). It became Eve's highest-charting single on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 (alongside 2002's \"\"Gangsta Lovin'\"\"), peaking at number two; it also reached number one on the US Mainstream Top 40 chart. Worldwide, the song peaked at number 29 in Canada, number four in Australia and the United Kingdom, and topped the charts in Belgium, Ireland, Norway, and Switzerland. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17279544",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me (Zayn song)\"\nLet Me (Zayn song) \"\"Let Me\"\" is a song recorded by English singer and songwriter Zayn. Written by Michael Hannides, Anthony Hannides, Zayn, Alan Sampson, Khaled Rohaim and produced by Rohaim and MakeYouKnowLove, it was released by RCA Records on 12 April 2018, as the first single from Zayn's second studio album \"\"Icarus Falls\"\" (2018). On 24 March 2018, Zayn posted a 15-second teaser on Twitter with the \"\"soon\"\" emoji. The video starts with the words \"\"coming soon\"\" and then features a montage of scenes from the music video. It ends with the words \"\"the story continues\"\" flashing on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12387464",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me in Your Heart Again\"\nYouTube page. It was recorded by May's wife Anita Dobson (with May on guitar), for her 1988 studio album \"\"Talking of Love\"\". She reportedly used the Queen version(s) as a guide vocal. A remix by William Orbit was released in November 2014 as a single in the UK to raise money for Product Red, an initiative founded in 2006 by U2 frontman Bono for the purpose of engaging the private sector in raising awareness and funds to help eliminate HIV/AIDS in Africa. This mix features William Orbit on keyboards and programming. The song charted at #102 in British charts. Additional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7775955",
"chunk_text": "Ne-Yo\nNe-Yo Shaffer Chimere Smith (born October 18, 1979), known professionally as Ne-Yo, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor and dancer who gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" for singer Mario. The single's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam's label head and the signing of a recording contract. His debut solo single, \"\"Stay\"\", was released in 2005 to moderate success. Ne-Yo's debut studio album, \"\"In My Own Words\"\" (2006), was critically and commercially successful, reaching number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19632568",
"chunk_text": "\"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear\"\n(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear \"\"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear\"\" is a popular song first recorded by Elvis Presley in 1957 for the soundtrack of his second motion picture, \"\"Loving You\"\", during which Presley performs the song on screen. It was written by Kal Mann and Bernie Lowe and published in 1957 by Gladys Music. The song was a U.S. No. 1 hit for during the summer of 1957, staying at No. 1 for seven weeks, the third of the four Presley had that year. \"\"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear\"\" would also hit No. 1 on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5854098",
"chunk_text": "\"Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself)\"\nGive Me Everything. Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself) \"\"Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself)\"\" is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Ne-Yo, taken from his fifth studio album, \"\"R.E.D.\"\" (2012). Released on July 10, 2012 by Motown Records, the song serves as the mainstream lead single from the album following the release of an R&B-tinged lead single, \"\"Lazy Love\"\". \"\"Let Me Love You\"\" combines elements of synthpop and Europop with a celebratory chorus co-written with indie pop singer and songwriter Sia Furler and production courtesy of Ne-Yo's frequent Norwegian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18731156",
"chunk_text": "\"Let You Be Right\"\nLet You Be Right \"\"Let You Be Right\"\" (stylized in all caps) is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor for her third major-label studio album \"\"Treat Myself\"\" (2019). It was written by Trainor, Andrew Wells and Jacob Kasher Hindlin, and produced by the latter. \"\"Let You Be Right\"\" was announced on May 8, 2018, along with its official single artwork the day after. Epic Records released it on May 10, 2018, as the second single from the album, along with \"\"Can't Dance\"\". Lyrically, the disco-tinged midtempo throwback song with \"\"sugary\"\" production sees Trainor trying to reach a compromise",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_819
|
how many seasons are there for lost girl?
|
n/a
|
[
"5",
"five"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20250793",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\na second season on November 12, 2010 (two months after its premiere), with the episodes order afterwards increased to 22 episodes; a third season on December 9, 2011; a fourth season on February 28, 2013; and a fifth on February 27, 2014. On August 25, 2014, Showcase announced that the fifth season would be the last, with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes. The series' finale episode aired on October 25, 2015. In Australia, \"\"Lost Girl\"\" premiered on Sci Fi Australia on July 14, 2011. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it premiered on Syfy (UK) on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20250819",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nconsulting producer for the series in its fourth season, moved into the position of showrunner and executive producer for Season 5. On April 9, 2014, Prodigy Pictures and Showcase announced the start of production on 13 episodes, with filming taking place in and around Toronto, and Season 5 premiering in Fall 2014. On August 25, 2014, Showcase and Anna Silk announced that Season 5 would be the series' last. The original 13-episode season was extended to 16 episodes and divided into Part 1 and Part 2, consisting of eight episodes each. Part 1 of the fifth season premiered on December",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690209",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\n7, 2015. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series premiered on Syfy (UK) on September 1, 2011, and returned for Season 2 on January 12, 2012, followed by Season 3 on April 23, 2013, and Season 4 on January 16, 2014. Due to a drop in ratings, the series was moved from 10 p.m. to 9 p.m. effective February 5, 2014. The series premiered on Syfy in the United States on January 16, 2012, after Syfy purchased the rights to Seasons 1 and 2 from Prodigy Pictures on May 18, 2011. Syfy aired both seasons back-to-back, with Season 1",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690191",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\n\"\"Lost Girl\"\" its \"\"highest rated drama series\"\", Showcase announced the renewal for a third season on December 9, 2011, with production beginning in spring 2012. The United States debut of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" on January 16, 2012, was announced by Syfy on December 12, 2011; with the last episode of Season 1 (1.13) on April 9 followed by Season 2 (2.01) on April 16, 2012. Prodigy Pictures announced the start of principal photography on Season 3 on April 17, 2012, with the season premiere slated for fall 2012. On July 12, 2012, Showcase declared via Twitter that Season 3 would premiere",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20861539",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 5)\"\nHearts\"\". On April 9, 2014, Prodigy Pictures and Showcase announced the start of production on 13 episodes, with filming taking place in and around Toronto, and season 5 premiering in Fall 2014. Michael Grassi, who became a writer and consulting producer for the series in its fourth season, moved into the position of showrunner and executive producer for season 5. Vanessa Piazza, who joined Prodigy Pictures Inc. in 2009 as a producer, was elevated to the position of executive producer on the show. On August 25, 2014, Showcase and Anna Silk announced that season 5 would be the series' last.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682233",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 4)\"\nconsisting of thirteen episodes, with production starting in the spring. Season Four premiered November 10, 2013, with its Sunday night broadcast changed from a 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. time slot. In the United States, Syfy announced on the same date the renewal for a fourth season to begin in 2014. On November 22, 2013, Syfy announced the January 13, 2014, premiere of Season Four, with the show's Monday broadcast schedule changed from 10 p.m. to 8 p.m. On January 23, 2014, Syfy announced that the series' broadcast was returning to 10 p.m. (effective Episode 4.03 on January 27, 2014).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4599456",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 2)\"\nannouncing \"\"record-breaking ratings\"\" and the \"\"number one scripted series for Adults 25-54 across all specialty channels\"\" in Canada. On July 7, 2011, Showcase announced that the Season Two premiere would be on September 4, 2011, and that an additional nine episodes had been ordered to make the season a total of 22 episodes. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Season Two premiered on Syfy (UK) on January 12, 2012. In Australia, Season Two premiered on Sci Fi on February 23, 2012. In the United States, Season Two premiered on Syfy on April 16, 2012; one week after the end of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917915",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nSci Fi) on January 10, 2013. After SF ceased operations in December 2013, \"\"Lost Girl\"\" was left without a premiere network in Australia. Free-to-air network SBS2 thereafter acquired the rights to Seasons 1-3 of the series. Season 1 aired on October 1, 2013; Season 2 on September 29, 2014. (Season 3 has not aired as of this writing.) In 2015, Stan, a new streaming service, offered Season 4 in its entirety at its launch on January 25, 2015, and later premiered the first half of Season 5 on February 28, 2015, and the second half of Season 5 on September",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690192",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nin winter 2013 (i.e. early 2013). Syfy confirmed the January 14, 2013, U.S. premiere of Season 3 in a general press release on November 12, 2012. The following day (November 13), Showcase announced the Canadian premiere date of January 6, 2013. Midway through Season 3, Showcase announced the renewal of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a fourth season on February 28, 2013, citing consistent delivery of \"\"stellar ratings\"\" and a \"\"cornerstone series\"\" for the network. Later on the same day, Syfy announced it had renewed \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a fourth season containing thirteen episodes, and premiering in 2014. On May 31, 2013,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690210",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nending on April 9, 2012 and Season 2 starting on April 16, 2012. Season 3 premiered on January 14, 2013. Season 4 premiered on January 13, 2014, with the time slot changed from its normal 10 p.m. schedule to 8 p.m., but returned to 10 p.m. on January 27, 2014, with \"\"Lovers. Apart.\"\". The finale of Season 2 on April 1, 2012, was preceded by the Showcase special, \"\"Lost Girl Finale Pre-Show\"\". Filmed on the series' \"\"Dal Riata\"\" set, the live audience one-hour program hosted by \"\"Lost Girl\"\" writer Steve Cochrane featured behind-the-scenes footage and interviews with Anna Silk, Kris",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917874",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nLost Girl Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010, and ran for five seasons. It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media. Following good ratings and positive reviews, it was renewed for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9824127",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 3)\"\nfor a third season. Season Three premiered on January 6, 2013. In Australia, Season Three premiered on SF (formerly Sci Fi) on January 10, 2013. In the United States, Season Three premiered on Syfy on January 14, 2013. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Season Three premiered on Syfy (UK) on April 23, 2013. With Fae society in upheaval, Bo finds herself facing further changes and challenges as former ally Hale becomes the acting Ash – trying to forge a new balance between Light and Dark by appointing a Valkyrie aligned with the Dark Fae, Tamsin, as Dyson's new detective",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682238",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 4)\"\nthrough Season Three, Showcase announced the renewal of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a fourth season on February 28, 2013, citing consistent delivery of \"\"stellar ratings\"\" and a \"\"cornerstone series\"\" for the network. Later on the same day, Syfy announced it had renewed \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a fourth season containing thirteen episodes, and premiering in 2014. On May 31, 2013, Prodigy Pictures and Showcase announced that filming had begun on thirteen episodes for Season Four, with an expected premiere in Fall 2013; followed with a start of production announcement by Syfy on June 4, 2013. Showcase announced its 2013 Fall schedule on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20861540",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 5)\"\nThe original 13-episode season was extended to 16 episodes and divided into two parts consisting of eight episodes each. The fifth season premiered on December 7, 2014, with its second half scheduled for Fall 2015. On June 1, 2015, Showcase announced the final eight episodes would air beginning September 6. After Part 1 mid-season finale episode \"\"End of Faes\"\" aired on June 4 in the United States, Syfy announced in a preview of Part 2 that \"\"Lost Girl\"\" would return in 2016. Showcase released the first episode of Part 2, \"\"44 Minutes to Save the World\"\", online on August 21,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4599460",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 2)\"\nit had acquired 26 episodes (Season One and Season Two) of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" from Prodigy Pictures. Showcase announced in a July 7, 2011, press release that the Season Two premiere would be on September 4, 2011, and that an additional nine episodes had been ordered to make the season a total of 22 episodes. The order for more episodes was made public two weeks before the first appearance of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" cast and producers at San Diego Comic-Con International 2011. On December 12, 2011, Syfy announced the United States debut of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" on January 16, 2012. Season Two premiered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20861538",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 5)\"\na fifth and final season, with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014. On August 25, 2014, Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last, with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2. In the United States, on March 3, 2015, Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17, 2015, at 10 p.m., with the show's broadcast day changed to Friday. The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21, with episode \"\"Clear Eyes, Fae",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690190",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\naround the city until September 22, for a targeted Fall 2011 premiere. On May 18, 2011, Syfy (U.S.) announced that it had acquired 26 episodes (Season 1 and Season 2) of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" from Prodigy Pictures. Showcase announced in a July 7, 2011, press release that the Season 2 premiere would be on September 4, 2011, and that an additional nine episodes had been ordered to make the season a total of 22 episodes. The order for more episodes was made public two weeks before the first appearance of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" cast and producers at San Diego Comic-Con International. Naming",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917901",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\n7, 2014. Part 2 (episodes 5.09-5.16) was scheduled for Fall 2015. On June 1, 2015, Showcase announced the airing of the final eight episodes starting on September 6. On March 3, 2015, Syfy announced the United States premiere of Season 5 on April 17, 2015, at 10 p.m., with the show's broadcast day changed to Friday. Syfy changed the time slot to Thursday at 10 p.m. starting with episode \"\"Clear Eyes, Fae Hearts\"\". After the broadcast of the mid-season finale episode \"\"End of Faes\"\" on June 4, Syfy announced in a preview of Part 2 that \"\"Lost Girl\"\" would return",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20250817",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nProdigy Pictures and Showcase announced that filming had begun on thirteen episodes for Season 4, with an expected premiere in Fall 2013; followed with a start of production announcement by Syfy on June 4, 2013. Showcase announced its 2013 Fall schedule on July 11, 2013, with Season 4 premiering on November 10, 2013, and its Sunday night broadcast changing from a 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. time slot. As a lead-in to the premiere of Season 4, Showcase announced the streaming of a four-part original \"\"webisodes\"\" series on its \"\"Lost Girl\"\" website, with the first episode released on October 13,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917921",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\n2 on September 19, 2013; and Season 3 on December 5, 2013. In the United States (Region 1), Giant Ape Media (Funimation SC) released the uncut episodes \"\"not seen on Syfy\"\" on DVD and Blu-ray with Season 1 on October 23, 2012, followed by Season 2 on November 13, 2012. The DVD and Blu-ray of Season 3 was released by Giant Ape Media in Region 1 (Canada and U.S.) on November 19, 2013. The Season 4 DVD and Blu-ray for Region 1 (Canada and U.S.) was released by Giant Ape Media on June 24, 2014. In the United Kingdom and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917919",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nwebisode footage and a sneak peek. During the pre-show, cast reflected on both the past and upcoming seasons, revealed behind-the-scenes stories, and responded to fan questions. A series of four webisodes streamed on the Showcase website were created as a promotional lead-in to the premiere of Season 4 in Canada, with the first installment released on October 13, 2013. On October 12, 2011, Prodigy Pictures and Showcase announced on the show's official Facebook page that episodes of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" had become available for purchase and download from iTunes Canada. Episodes later became available for purchase on iTunes U.S. HD and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20250818",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\n2013. On November 22, 2013, Syfy announced the January 13, 2014, premiere of Season 4, with the show's Monday broadcast schedule changed from 10 p.m. to 8 p.m. Syfy announced on \"\"Twitter\"\" on January 23, 2014, that the series' broadcast was returning to 10 p.m. effective January 27, 2014 (episode \"\"Lovers. Apart.\"\"). Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth season of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" on February 27, 2014. Vanessa Piazza, who joined Prodigy Pictures Inc. in 2009 as a producer, was elevated to the position of executive producer on the show. Michael Grassi, who became a writer and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20250794",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nSeptember 1, 2011. In the United States, it premiered on Syfy on January 16, 2012. Episodes begin with a cold open; followed by the opening title sequence crediting the top four main actors and series creator. The show title and credits are accompanied by the \"\"Lost Girl Theme\"\" song. Over the top of the sequence and theme song is the voice-over monologue by the protagonist, Bo (Anna Silk), summarizing her story: The \"\"Lost Girl Theme\"\" song was composed by Jody Colero, Marco DiFelice and Benjamin Pinkerton. Total episode running time is 44:00 minutes, including opening title sequence and closing credits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917922",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nIreland (Region 2), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Season 1 on DVD on February 25, 2013; Season 2 on September 9, 2013; Season 3 on March 3, 2014; and Season 4 on May 19, 2014. As a promotional lead-in to the show's premiere, \"\"Lost Girl: The Interactive Motion Comic\"\", a series of six motion comics, was released on Showcase's official \"\"Lost Girl\"\" website. The first chapter streamed on August 20, 2010. Around the time of the release of Chapter 5, the individual chapters were all made available for downloading as well as viewing on the website. File formats included M4V,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690189",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nas well. \"\"Lost Girl\"\" premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The show's debut became \"\"the highest-rated Canadian scripted series premiere of all time on Showcase.\"\" The first-season episode \"\"Vexed\"\" (1.08) is the original pilot shown to Showcase to obtain the green-light for the series. Showcase renewed \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a second season on November 12, 2010, announcing \"\"record-breaking ratings\"\" and the \"\"number one scripted series for Adults 25–54 across all specialty channels\"\" in Canada. Production on thirteen episodes for Season 2 began on May 17, 2011, with filming taking place at a Toronto soundstage and at locations in and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19677939",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 2)\"\n(Funimation SC) released the Season 2 uncut episodes \"\"not seen on Syfy\"\" on DVD and Blu-ray on November 13, 2012. In the United Kingdom and Ireland (Region 2), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the DVD of Season 2 on September 9, 2013. In Australia, Universal Sony Pictures released Season Two on September 19, 2013. Lost Girl (season 2) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20861541",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 5)\"\n2015, in advance of the broadcast premiere on September 6, 2015. It was made available for viewing on its website and on multi digital platforms. Note: Showcase considers season 5 to have 16 episodes, but their cable distributors only count it as having 8 episodes and split the second half into \"\"season 6\"\", beginning with \"\"44 Minutes to Save the World\"\" as season 6 episode 1. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Lost Girl (season 5) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917914",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nGirl\"\" in its treatment of romantic relations: One of the things we pride ourselves in with \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is, it's not about this heterosexual couple, this homosexual couple – it's just about the relationship; about two people who love each other, and I think that is one of the things that makes our show really special. A character's sexual identity in \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is precisely what audiences see without needing explanations in the storyline. The series premiered in Australia on July 14, 2011, on Sci Fi, with Season 2 returning on February 23, 2012, and Season 3 on SF (formerly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18557628",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 2)\"\nthat her mother, Aife, used to create male slaves). She uses her blood power to unite her team in the final battle against the Garuda. Showcase renewed \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a second season on November 12, 2010, announcing \"\"record-breaking ratings\"\" and the \"\"number one scripted series for Adults 25-54 across all specialty channels\"\" in Canada. Production on thirteen episodes for Season Two began on May 17, 2011, with filming taking place at a Toronto soundstage and at locations in and around the city until September 22, for a targeted Fall 2011 premiere. On May 18, 2011, Syfy (U.S.) announced that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682239",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 4)\"\nJuly 11, 2013, with Season Four premiering on November 10, 2013, and its Sunday night broadcast changing from a 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. time slot. As a lead-in to the premiere of Season Four, Showcase announced the streaming of a four-part original web series on the \"\"Lost Girl\"\" website, with the first episode released on October 13, 2013. On November 22, 2013, Syfy announced the January 13, 2014, premiere of Season Four, with the show's Monday broadcast schedule changed from 10 p.m. to 8 p.m. On January 23, 2014, Syfy announced that the series' broadcast was returning to 10",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9822990",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 1)\"\n2010. Its debut became \"\"the highest-rated Canadian scripted series premiere of all time on Showcase.\"\" The series premiered in Australia on Sci Fi on July 14, 2011. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series premiered on Syfy (UK) on September 1, 2011. In the United States, the series premiered on Syfy on January 16, 2012. Bo is a Succubus who grew up in an adopted human family, unaware of her non-human nature and of the Fae world she descended from. She began to feel \"\"different\"\" when she entered puberty and didn't know she was not normal until she accidentally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4599455",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 2)\"\nLost Girl (season 2) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media. It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins. On November 12, 2010, Showcase renewed \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a second season,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682232",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 4)\"\nLost Girl (season 4) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media. It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins. On February 28, 2013, Showcase renewed \"\"Lost Girl\"\" for a fourth season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20861537",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 5)\"\nLost Girl (season 5) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media. It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins. On February 27, 2014, Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9824126",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 3)\"\nLost Girl (season 3) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media. It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins. On December 9, 2011, Showcase announced that \"\"Lost Girl\"\" had been renewed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682242",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 4)\"\nfor Favourite Canadian Screen Star\"\". The Season 4 DVD and Blu-ray for Region 1 (Canada and U.S.) was released by Giant Ape Media (Funimation SC) on June 24, 2014. In the United Kingdom and Ireland (Region 2), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the DVD of Season 4 on May 19, 2014. Lost Girl (season 4) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690187",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nto help give Bo the sexual self-control she's been aching for. Navigating this complicated life with Bo is her human confidante and street-smart survivor, Kenzi (Ksenia Solo)...Writers include Michelle Lovretta; Peter Mohan; Jeremy Boxen; Emily Andras; and Pamela Pinch...A companion website for the series is being produced concurrently and will launch with the show to give viewers an unprecedented, interactive experience.\"\" The series was aimed for a Fall release date. On June 22, 2010, Keyframe Digital Productions reported that they had been given the contract for visual effects on the first thirteen episodes of \"\"Lost Girl\"\". As part of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11422984",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 3)\"\nthe start of principal photography on Season Three on April 17, 2012, with the season premiere slated for Fall 2012. On July 12, 2012, Showcase announced Season Three would premiere in Winter 2013 (i.e. early 2013). Syfy confirmed the January 14, 2013, U.S. premiere of Season Three in a general press release on November 12, 2012. The following day (November 13), Showcase announced the Canadian premiere date of January 6, 2013. \"\"Lost Girl ConFAEdential\"\", a special roundtable discussion about the previous two seasons and characters, aired on Showcase before the premiere of Season Three on January 6, 2013. Moderated by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11249182",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 1)\"\nOne and Season Two) of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" from Prodigy Pictures. The United States debut of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" on January 16, 2012, was announced by Syfy on December 12, 2011. Episodes broadcast by Syfy in the United States are edited from their original 44:00 minutes to allow more time for commercial advertisements. In Canada, Entertainment One, Ltd. released the DVD of Season One on April 24, 2012. In Australia (Region 4), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Season 1 on DVD on November 23, 2011; In the United States (Region 1), Giant Ape Media (Funimation SC) released the Season 1 uncut episodes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917924",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nlaunched the game on April 22, 2013, to correspond with the conclusion of the season in the United States. On January 6, 2013, Showcase and Prodigy Pictures held the first \"\"Lost Girl\"\" live tweeting event during the broadcasts of the \"\"Lost Girl ConFAEdential\"\" pre-show special and the Season 3 premiere on Showcase, with Anna Silk, Ksenia Solo, Zoie Palmer, Rick Howland, and K.C. Collins. The live tweeting event was repeated on January 14, 2013, during the U.S. premiere of Season 3 on Syfy, with Anna Silk, Kris Holden-Ried, Ksenia Solo, Zoie Palmer, Rick Howland, K.C. Collins, and Paul Amos. ,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4514001",
"chunk_text": "\"Evangeline Lilly\"\nJ. Abrams \"\"were fast-forwarding through a tape, and he saw her and said, 'That's the girl.'\"\" The character almost had to be recast, as Lilly had trouble acquiring a work visa to enter the United States. Her application was finally accepted after nearly 20 tries and she arrived in Hawaii for filming one day late. \"\"Lost\"\" ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2010. It was one of the top shows on ABC's primetime schedule during its run, winning one Golden Globe Award and ten Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series in 2005, and was ranked the top-rated TV",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690213",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nSD (Standard-definition) episodes of all seasons also became available for either streaming or purchase from Amazon Video. In Canada (Region 1), Entertainment One, Ltd. released the DVD of Season 1 on April 24, 2012. On November 13, 2012, Berkshire Axis Media released Season 2 in Canada on DVD and Blu-ray. Effective Season 3, the release of the DVD and Blu-ray in Canada was the same Region 1 discs released in the United States by \"\"Giant Ape Media\"\", a subsidiary company of Funimation. In Australia (Region 4), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Season 1 on DVD on November 23, 2011; Season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8691175",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 1)\"\nthat the Showcase television channel, a subsidiary of the main company, had given the green-light for a 13-episode, one-hour supernatural drama series named \"\"Lost Girl\"\". On April 6, 2010, Prodigy Pictures reported that \"\"principal photography is underway for 13 one-hour episodes of the new original Canadian fantasy-noir series, \"\"Lost Girl.\"\"\"\" Filming will take place at a West Toronto soundstage and on location in the vicinities of Toronto and Hamilton until June 25, 2010. The series is set to air on Showcase in the fall. \"\"Lost Girl\"\" follows supernatural seductress Bo (Anna Silk), a Succubus who feeds on the sexual energy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9822989",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 1)\"\nLost Girl (season 1) \"\"Lost Girl\"\" is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12, 2010. The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone, Prodigy Pictures Inc., and Keyframe Digital Productions, Inc., with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund (Canada Media Fund), and in association with Shaw Media. It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo, played by Anna Silk, as she learns to control her superhuman abilities, help those in need, and discover the truth about her origins. \"\"Lost Girl\"\" premiered on Showcase on September 12,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10456728",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 1)\"\n\"\"not seen on Syfy\"\" on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2012. In the United Kingdom and Ireland (Region 2), Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Season 1 on DVD on February 25, 2013. Ratings for the 9 p.m. series premiere on September 12, 2010, was over \"\"400,000 viewers (2+)\"\" and \"\"another 184,000 (2+)\"\" for the episode rerun at 10:40 p.m., making \"\"Lost Girl\"\" the \"\"highest-rated Canadian scripted series premiere of all time on Showcase.\"\" The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 75% approval rating with an average rating of 7.4 out of 10 based on 12 reviews. The consensus",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20947862",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost (TV series)\"\nLost (TV series) Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious tropical island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. The story is told in a heavily serialized manner. Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682240",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 4)\"\np.m. (effective Episode 4.03 on January 27, 2014). The premiere of Season Four was preceded by \"\"Lost Girl: An Evening at the Clubhouse\"\", a one-hour special featuring cast-on-cast interviews, webisode footage and a sneak peek. During the pre-show, cast reflected on both the past and upcoming seasons, revealed behind-the-scenes stories, and responded to fan questions. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> A series of four webisodes were created as a promotional lead-in to the premiere of Season Four on Showcase, with the first installment announced on October 11 two days before its release. They are collectively described as \"\"SEASON 3.5\"\". In an exclusive selection",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17690211",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\nHolden-Ried, Ksenia Solo, Zoie Palmer, Rick Howland, K.C. Collins, Paul Amos, and executive producer Jay Firestone. \"\"Lost Girl ConFAEdential\"\", a special roundtable discussion about the previous two seasons and characters, aired on Showcase before the premiere of Season 3 on January 6, 2013. Moderated by Jay Firestone, Executive Producer of \"\"Lost Girl\"\", it featured (in order of introduction): Rick Howland (\"\"Trick\"\"), Zoie Palmer (\"\"Dr. Lauren Lewis\"\"), Anna Silk (\"\"Bo\"\"), Kris Holden-Ried (\"\"Dyson\"\"), Ksenia Solo (\"\"Kenzi\"\"), and K.C. Collins (\"\"Hale\"\"). The premiere of Season 4 was preceded by \"\"Lost Girl: An Evening at the Clubhouse\"\", a one-hour special featuring cast-on-cast interviews,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917889",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\ncommissioned a pilot for \"\"Lost Girl\"\" from Prodigy Pictures. The script was to be written by Michelle Lovretta, who had previously been a writer for the Canadian television series \"\"Mutant X\"\". Principal photography was completed in February 2009. Canwest issued a press release on August 13, 2009, announcing that it had given the green-light for 13 episodes of \"\"Lost Girl\"\" to air on its specialty channel Showcase: \"\"A drama loaded with mystery, romance and intrigue, \"\"Lost Girl\"\" focuses on the gorgeous and charismatic Bo – a Succubus with heart. While Succubi are inhuman women who seduce and feed off their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19917925",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl\"\n\"\"Lost Girl\"\"'s Facebook page had 370,310 likes and its official Twitter had 66,000 followers, giving the series a large social media presence. Ratings for the 9 p.m. series premiere on September 12, 2010, was over \"\"400,000 viewers (2+)\"\" and \"\"another 184,000 (2+)\"\" for the episode rerun at 10:40 p.m., making \"\"Lost Girl\"\" the \"\"highest-rated Canadian scripted series premiere of all time on Showcase.\"\" In Canada, Rob Salem of the \"\"Toronto Star\"\" described the show as one that \"\"definitely bears watching\"\". Vladislav Tinchev, writer for the German site \"\"Serienjunkies\"\" wrote that the series would benefit from \"\"revealing more background information about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_820
|
who is the leading african producer of wool?
|
n/a
|
[
"Sudan",
"South Africa"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838420",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nglobal textile market, but its value is higher owing to dying and other modifications of the material. Australia is a leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep but has been eclipsed by China in terms of total weight. New Zealand (2016) is the third-largest producer of wool, and the largest producer of crossbred wool. Breeds such as Lincoln, Romney, Drysdale, and Elliotdale produce coarser fibers, and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets. In the United States, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado have large commercial sheep flocks and their mainstay is the Rambouillet (or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5678659",
"chunk_text": "\"Standard Wool\"\nStandard Wool Standard Wool is a global group of companies which sources, processes and supply’s quality wool and its by-products to its worldwide customer base. The company’s origins date back to the 18th century and they now have trading and sourcing facilities in the United Kingdom, Chile, China and New Zealand. The firm is headquartered in Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Standard Wool is a multi-million pound group of five companies that together make up one of the world’s leading wool trading businesses. It has customer base spanning across 30 countries and specialises in sourcing, supplying and processing wools from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9932884",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nWool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, from hide and fur clothing from bison, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids; additionally, the Highland and the Mangalica breeds of cattle and swine, respectively, possess wooly coats. Wool consists of protein together with a few percent lipids. In this regard it is chemically quite distinct from the more dominant textile, cotton, which is mainly cellulose. Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13085871",
"chunk_text": "\"Cotton made in Africa\"\nCotton made in Africa Cotton made in Africa is a project initiative launched and managed by the Aid by Trade Foundation (AbTF), headquartered in Hamburg. AbTF was founded in 2005 by Dr. Michael Otto, the Hamburg business entrepreneur and Chairman of Otto Group. Cotton marketed under the badge is produced according to strict criteria for environmental, economic and social sustainability. 'Helping people to help themselves' is a core CmiA principle. The smallholder farmers receive on-site training in improved cultivation methods which allow them to increase their crop yields, generate higher income and thus raise their standard of living through their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14357119",
"chunk_text": "Mohair\nto keep the hair clean and free of debris. The hair is then processed to remove natural grease, dirt and vegetable matter. Mohair grows in uniform locks. The Angora goat is a single-coat breed, and unlike pygora or cashmere, there is no need to dehair a mohair fleece to separate the coarse hair from the down hair. Lesotho is the world's largest mohair producer, producing around 50% of the total world production. Due to animal cruelty in the South African farms, Zara, H&M, Gap, Topshop, Lacoste, and many more will no longer sell Mohair clothing. Mohair is one of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2810939",
"chunk_text": "\"Cotton made in Africa\"\nthree respondees stated they planned to reduce their clothing expenditure. A clear consequence of these developments is that companies which ignore the trend towards sustainability are very likely to lose customers. 77 percent of Germans stated that they would buy less or even no products from their preferred supplier, if it could not prove that these had been produced under sustainable conditions. Cotton made in Africa Cotton made in Africa is a project initiative launched and managed by the Aid by Trade Foundation (AbTF), headquartered in Hamburg. AbTF was founded in 2005 by Dr. Michael Otto, the Hamburg business entrepreneur",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838419",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nthe shower, and which dries off ready to wear within hours with no ironing required. The suit was developed using Australian Merino wool, and it enables woven products made from wool, such as suits, trousers, and skirts, to be cleaned using a domestic shower at home. In December 2006, the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 to be the International Year of Natural Fibres, so as to raise the profile of wool and other natural fibers. Global wool production is about 2 million tonnes per year, of which 60% goes into apparel. Wool comprises ca 3% of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1314313",
"chunk_text": "\"Bidco Africa\"\nBidco Africa Bidco Africa, previously Bidco Oil Refineries Limited (BORL), is a multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Thika, Kenya with subsidiaries and distributorships across 16 countries in East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Its products include edible oils, fats, margarine, laundry bars and detergents, personal care products, and animal feeds. Bidco Africa owns over 40 brands and is the largest producer, marketer, and retailer of consumer goods in the region. Bidco Africa has manufacturing factories in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The Group's products are marketed to 13 African countries. In November 2014, Forbes dropped Vimal Shah from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19397857",
"chunk_text": "\"Cashmere wool\"\nis still produced by communities in Indian Kashmir but its rarity and high price, along with political instability in the region, make it very hard to source and to regulate quality. It is estimated that on average yearly production per goat is . Pure cashmere can be dyed and spun into yarns and knitted into jumpers (sweaters), hats, gloves, socks and other clothing, or woven into fabrics then cut and assembled into garments such as outer coats, jackets, trousers (pants), pajamas, scarves, blankets, and other items. Fabric and garment producers in Scotland, Italy, and Japan have long been known as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7940147",
"chunk_text": "\"International Wool Secretariat\"\nInternational Wool Secretariat The International Wool Secretariat was formed in 1937 to promote the sale of wool on behalf of woolgrowers and review research carried out by independent bodies such as the Wool Industries' Research Association at Torridon, Leeds, England. It was supported by levies on wool grown in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Uruguay. It was an organised response by the three main woolgrowing countries to the leap in production of artificial fibres such as rayon (now polyester) used in place of wool. Germany alone produced 9,200 tons of these artificial fibres in 1934, 19,600 tons in 1935",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15172979",
"chunk_text": "\"African textiles\"\nand how the impact of Islam and Christianity affected African life. The same is true of major events such as colonialism, the African Slave Trade, even the Cold War. African textiles also have significance as historical documents, offering perspectives in cases where written historical accounts are unavailable: \"\"History in Africa may be read, told and recorded in cloth.\"\" African textiles African textiles were often made of animal hair and woven. Some of the oldest surviving African textiles were discovered at the archaeological site of Kissi in northern Burkina Faso. They are made of wool or fine animal hair in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11648572",
"chunk_text": "\"History of science and technology in Africa\"\n(mudcloth) is cotton textile dyed with fermented mud of tree sap and teas, hand made by the Bambara people of the Beledougou region of central Mali. By the 12th century, so-called Moroccan leather, which actually came from the Hausa area of northern Nigeria, was supplied to Mediterranean markets and found their way to the fairs and markets of Europe Kente was produced by the Akan people (Ashante, Fante, Enzema) and Ewe people in the countries of Togo, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Among Kuba people, in present day Democratic Republic of Congo, raffia clothes were weaved. They used the fibers of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2018479",
"chunk_text": "\"Bidco Africa\"\nBhimji Depar Shah, Vimal Shah and Tarun Shah. Bidco Africa Bidco Africa, previously Bidco Oil Refineries Limited (BORL), is a multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Thika, Kenya with subsidiaries and distributorships across 16 countries in East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Its products include edible oils, fats, margarine, laundry bars and detergents, personal care products, and animal feeds. Bidco Africa owns over 40 brands and is the largest producer, marketer, and retailer of consumer goods in the region. Bidco Africa has manufacturing factories in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The Group's products are marketed to 13 African countries. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17127486",
"chunk_text": "\"Agriculture in Australia\"\nAustralian agriculture. In 2001 Australian wool production accounted for 9% of world production (Australian Bureau of Statistics Data). However, it dominates the fine quality wool sector, producing 50% of the world's Merino wool. Although sheep are farmed Australia-wide, 36% of the flock is in New South Wales. Research and development for the industry are led by Australian Wool Innovation Limited (AWI), a producer owned company. Australian wool is marketed by the Woolmark company. Both companies are held by Australian Wool Services, a company created by legislation. The industry is export-oriented. Historically, up to 90% of Australian wool was exported. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3355821",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of Mali\"\nGold has become Mali's third-largest export, after cotton—historically the basis of Mali's export industry—and livestock. The emergence of gold as Mali's leading export product since 1999 has helped mitigate some of the negative impacts caused by fluctuations in world cotton markets and loss of trade from the Ivorian Civil War to the south. Large private investments in gold mining include Anglogold-Ashanti ($250 million) in Sadiola and Yatela, and Randgold Resources ($140 million) in Morila – both multinational South African companies located respectively in the north-western and southern parts of the country. While great incomes are produced, most staff employed in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15172977",
"chunk_text": "\"African textiles\"\nAfrican textiles African textiles were often made of animal hair and woven. Some of the oldest surviving African textiles were discovered at the archaeological site of Kissi in northern Burkina Faso. They are made of wool or fine animal hair in a weft-faced plain weave pattern. Some fragments have also survived from the thirteenth century Benin City in Nigeria. Some examples of African textiles are the following: Weaving is of great importance in many African cultures. The Dogon, for example, believe that spinning and weaving thread can be likened to human reproduction and the notion of rebirth. The color of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7744298",
"chunk_text": "\"Textile manufacturing\"\ninner bark of Cannabis sativa. It is difficult to bleach, it is used for making cord and rope. These bast fibres can also be used: kenaf, urena, ramie, nettle. Sisal is the main leaf fibre used; others are: abacá and henequen. Wool comes from domesticated sheep. It forms two products, woolens and worsteds. The sheep has two sorts of wool and it is the inner coat that is used. This can be mixed with wool that has been recovered from rags. Shoddy is the term for recovered wool that is not matted, while mungo comes from felted wool. Extract is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12181380",
"chunk_text": "Mohair\nappropriate ascension method without sliding downhill. As of 2009, world output of mohair was estimated at around 5,000 tonnes a year, down from a high of 25,000 tonnes in the 1990s. South Africa accounts for 60% of total production. South African mohair is generally exported raw or semi-processed to textile makers in Europe, the UK and the Far East. Prices for adult mohair declined in 2010 while prices for kid mohair remained the same. An emerging market for mohair producers has been China. During World War II, U.S. soldiers wore uniforms made of wool. Worried that domestic producers could not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838416",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nand the Australian wool trade eventually overtook that of the Germans by 1845, furnishing wool for Bradford, which developed as the heart of industrialized woolens production. Due to decreasing demand with increased use of synthetic fibers, wool production is much less than what it was in the past. The collapse in the price of wool began in late 1966 with a 40% drop; with occasional interruptions, the price has tended down. The result has been sharply reduced production and movement of resources into production of other commodities, in the case of sheep growers, to production of meat. Superwash wool (or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7734818",
"chunk_text": "Mohair\nAngora goats made their way to America as a gift from Turkey. During the 1960s, a blend of mohair and wool suiting fabric known as Tonik or Tonic was developed in England. This had a shiny, color changing appearance and was popular among rude boys and the mod subculture. Similar suits were worn by mod revivalists, skinheads, and fans of ska punk and Two Tone music during the early to mid-1980s. Today, South Africa is the largest mohair producer in the world, with the majority of South African mohair being produced in the Eastern Cape. The United States is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838421",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nFrench Merino). Also, a thriving home-flock contingent of small-scale farmers raise small hobby flocks of specialty sheep for the hand-spinning market. These small-scale farmers offer a wide selection of fleece. Global woolclip (total amount of wool shorn) 2004/2005 Organic wool is becoming more and more popular. This wool is very limited in supply and much of it comes from New Zealand and Australia. It is becoming easier to find in clothing and other products, but these products often carry a higher price. Wool is environmentally preferable (as compared to petroleum-based nylon or polypropylene) as a material for carpets, as well,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838435",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nall states of Australia, with first and second prizes going to the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales fleeces. Wool is known as one of the traditional materials for the 7th Wedding anniversary. Wool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, from hide and fur clothing from bison, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids; additionally, the Highland and the Mangalica breeds of cattle and swine, respectively, possess wooly coats. Wool consists of protein together with a few percent lipids. In this regard it is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15132226",
"chunk_text": "\"Made in Africa Foundation\"\nMade in Africa Foundation Made In Africa Foundation is a non-profit organisation run from Uganda established to assist the development of the African continent, by providing first-stage funding for the feasibility studies and business development of large-scale infrastructure projects based in the region. The organisation was founded in 2011 by Savile Row tailor Ozwald Boateng OBE. The foundation has been dissolved in July 2015 according to companies house. The foundation is a spin-off of the for-profit Made in Africa founded by Ozwald Boateng, the Ugandan Prince Hassan Kimbugwe, and barrister Chris Cleverly in 2006. Chris Cleverly has the position of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838433",
"chunk_text": "Wool\na cup for the world's finest bale of wool that produces just enough fabric for 50 tailor-made suits. The prize is awarded to an Australian or New Zealand wool grower who produces the year's finest bale. The New England Merino Field days which display local studs, wool, and sheep are held during January, in even numbered years around the Walcha, New South Wales district. The Annual Wool Fashion Awards, which showcase the use of Merino wool by fashion designers, are hosted by the city of Armidale, New South Wales, in March each year. This event encourages young and established fashion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13036283",
"chunk_text": "\"Wool measurement\"\nis used for other textiles such as blankets, insulation and furnishings. The finest bale of wool ever auctioned sold for a seasonal record of 269,000 cents per during June, 2008. This bale was produced by the Hillcreston Pinehill Partnership and measured 11.6 microns, 72.1% yield and had a 43 Newtons per kilotex strength measurement. The bale realised $247,480 and was exported to India. In 2010 a soft ultra-fine, 10 micron fleece, from Windradeen, near Pyramul, New South Wales set a new world record in the fineness of wool fleeces when it won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum International Trophy. Wool",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6614898",
"chunk_text": "\"Howard Michell\"\nHoward Michell George Howard Michell AC (3 August 1913 – 26 June 2012) was an Australian wool merchant, industrialist and philanthropist. He was a director of the family company, GH Michell and Sons, for 60 years, and instrumental in its rise to be the largest wool processing company in the world. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, Michell was educated at Prince Alfred College. Michell was born in Adelaide on 3 August 1913 to George Howard Michell and Annie Jane Walters Michell was an active sportsman his whole life. He was a rower in the school First Eight, and later the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838406",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nmicrons and finer. This style represents the top level of fineness, character, color, and style as determined on the basis of a series of parameters in accordance with the original dictates of British wool as applied by the Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX) Council. Only a few dozen of the millions of bales auctioned every year can be classified and marked 1PP. In the United States, three classifications of wool are named in the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939. \"\"Wool\"\" is \"\"the fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12825821",
"chunk_text": "\"History of science and technology in Africa\"\nThe ground or pit loom is used in the Horn of Africa, Madagascar, and North Africa and is of Middle Eastern origins. The Djellaba was made typically of wool and worn in the Maghreb. Some of the oldest surviving African textiles were discovered at the archaeological site of Kissi in northern Burkina Faso. They are made of wool or fine animal hair in a weft-faced plain weave pattern. Fragments of textile have also survived from the thirteenth century Benin City in Nigeria. In the Sahel, cotton is widely used in making the boubou (for men) and kaftan (for women). Bògòlanfini",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4503583",
"chunk_text": "Eldoret\nCompany Advocates, Nyaundi Tuiyott & Company Advocates, Kalya & Company Advocates, Tarus and Company Advocates and Gicheru & Company Advocates. The town has a vibrant textile industry that is led by Ken Knit (Kenya). It is the first, fully integrated textile manufacturing company in East and Central Africa and has been based in Eldoret for close to 50 years. It is Kenya's leading manufacturer of wool products and with a workforce of 2,000, is presently the largest textile related employer in the North-Rift. Another notable textile firm is Rivatex EA which was opened in 1975 by then Vice President, Daniel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2018458",
"chunk_text": "\"Bidco Africa\"\nlist of Africa's 50 richest people but retained the combined figure of $700 million as the net worth of Bhimji Depar Shah, then aged 82, together with Vimal Shah, then aged 55, and Vimal's Older brother Tarun Shah. As of 2015, Bidco Africa was the leading edible oils and fats manufacturer in Kenya, controlling 24 percent of the market. Some of Bidco’s most well-known oil and fats brands include Elianto, Kimbo, and SunGold. In April 2015, Bidco Africa announced plans to quadruple business volume before 2020, by building new manufacturing factories in Mozambique, Madagascar and Ethiopia in addition to existing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16281784",
"chunk_text": "\"African wax prints\"\nan influence on the international world of fashion and lifestyle. They are an inspirational source for designers and companies. In Sub-Sahara Africa the African Print textiles belong to the most popular textiles with an annual sales volume of 2.1 billion yards, with an average production cost of $2.6 billion and retail value of $4 billion. Ghana has an annual consumption of textiles about 130 million yards. The three largest local manufacturers ATL, GTP and Printex produce 30 million yards. 100 million yard come from cheap, and smuggled Asian imports. The Vlisco Group with its brands Vlisco, Uniwax, Woodin and GTP",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16387232",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian Cashmere goat\"\nfibre market. Interest and morale were given a major boost when in August 1980 Dawson International Limited PLC, Scotland, then the world's largest cashmere processors, purchased a property at Adelong, N.S.W., with the view to setting up a demonstration farm to encourage Australian cashmere production. The chairman of Dawson International Limited, Sir Alan Smith, saw the world cashmere supply situation tightening. Although cashmere represented only a small percentage of the volume of fibre handled by the company, it accounted for 50% of the turnover and was a major contributor to company profitability. Australian Cashmere goat The Australian Cashmere goat is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8307992",
"chunk_text": "\"Agriculture in Somalia\"\nthe UAE, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. A ten-year-old manufacturing, distributing, wholesale and import/export company, the Bosaso Tannery processes wet salted, dry salted, wet blue, limed, pickled, and air/frame dried sheep and goat hides and skin. It has some of the highest quality natural skins on the continent. The firm exports a little over 90,000 tonnes of hides and skins every year from Bosaso to Ethiopia, Turkey, Pakistan, India, China and Italy. Raw camel hides and sheep and goat skin are also dispatched to the United Arab Emirates. The wet blue type is exported to the Middle East and various parts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19397862",
"chunk_text": "\"Cashmere wool\"\na thriving industry producing shawls from goat down imported from Tibet and Tartary through Ladakh. The down trade was controlled by treaties signed as a result of previous wars The Shawls were introduced into western Europe when the General in Chief of the French campaign in Egypt (1799-1802) sent one to Paris. The shawl's arrival is said to have created an immediate sensation and plans were put in place to start manufacturing the product in France. In 1799 at his factory in Reims, William-Louis Ternaux, the leading woolens manufacturer in France under Napoleon, began to produce imitation India shawls (\"\"cachemires\"\")",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6838417",
"chunk_text": "Wool\nwashable wool) technology first appeared in the early 1970s to produce wool that has been specially treated so it is machine washable and may be tumble-dried. This wool is produced using an acid bath that removes the \"\"scales\"\" from the fiber, or by coating the fiber with a polymer that prevents the scales from attaching to each other and causing shrinkage. This process results in a fiber that holds longevity and durability over synthetic materials, while retaining its shape. In December 2004, a bale of the then world's finest wool, averaging 11.8 microns, sold for AU$3,000 per kilogram at auction",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3163457",
"chunk_text": "Woolmark\nwas owned originally by the International Wool Secretariat founded in 1937, which later became the Woolmark Company Private Limited. The trademark came to the ownership of AWI in 2001. Woolmark now runs the International Woolmark Prize that recognises outstanding designers across the globe. Originally launched in 1953 with winners Yves Saint Laurent and Karl Lagerfeld, it was suspended. In 2012 it was revived and now over 60 designers internationally are involved. The Woolmark Company is a subsidiary of Australian Wool Innovation (AWI), a nonprofit organization that conducts research, development and marketing along the global supply chain for Australian wool on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6528042",
"chunk_text": "Textile\nof animal hair in that the individual strands are coated with scales and tightly crimped, and the wool as a whole is coated with a wax mixture known as lanolin (sometimes called wool grease), which is waterproof and dirtproof. Woollen refers to a bulkier yarn produced from carded, non-parallel fibre, while worsted refers to a finer yarn spun from longer fibres which have been combed to be parallel. Wool is commonly used for warm clothing. Cashmere, the hair of the Indian cashmere goat, and mohair, the hair of the North African angora goat, are types of wool known for their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5678660",
"chunk_text": "\"Standard Wool\"\nthe UK and overseas. The company employs around 150 people across West Yorkshire and overseas locations including New Zealand, China and Chile. In 2011, the company expanded its United Kingdom operations by moving to new headquarters in Bradford. In 2005, Managing Director Paul Hughes Snr led a buy-out of the company, which has a turnover exceeding £50m. In 2014, the company made three key appointments to its group board. Paul Hughes Jr became group trading director, Mark Andrews was promoted to production director and Ian Marwood joined as a non-executive director. The Standard Wool group consists of five companies: Standard",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16412152",
"chunk_text": "\"Afrino sheep\"\nin South Africa. It produces fine wool. The Afrino is also used as a terminal sire in meat production to increase early growth in lambs and reach slaughter weight sooner. It has a relatively low rate of inbreeding compared to other South African breeds. Afrino sheep The Afrino is a breed of sheep originating from South Africa. It was developed by crossing Ronderib Afrikaner sheep with Merino and South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) sheep, and is classified as a Merino breed. The Afrino was developed at the Carnarvon Research Station. It was made using 25% Afrikaner, 25% Merino and 50%",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19499035",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of Africa\"\nAfrica. The main industries are textile and clothing, leather processing, agribusiness, chemical products, electronics and vehicles. East African countries like Uganda also produce motorcycles for the domestic market. Africa's US$107 billion financial services industry will log impressive growth for the rest of the decade as more banks target the continent's emerging middle class. The banking sector has been experiencing record growth, among others due to various technological innovations. China and India have showed increasing interest in emerging African economies in the 21st century. Reciprocal investment between Africa and China increased dramatically in recent years amidst the current world financial crisis.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10689064",
"chunk_text": "\"Bosaso Tannery\"\nChina and Italy. Raw camel hides and sheep and goat skin are also dispatched to the United Arab Emirates. The wet blue type is exported to the Middle East and various parts of Europe. In Spain and Germany, the pickled type is sent to meet the high demand. The Bosaso Tannery is a joint venture firm, which is owned by local traders. With a staff of upwards of 1,000 workers, it has 106 branches throughout the Puntland region. The company is managed by Director General Mohamed Dirye Hussein. He is also a majority shareholder in the firm. Bosaso Tannery Bosaso",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19397856",
"chunk_text": "\"Cashmere wool\"\nis releasing, it is possible to comb the fibers out in about a week. China has become the largest producer of raw cashmere, estimated at 10,000 metric tons (in hair) per year. Mongolia follows with 7,400 tons (in hair) as of 2014, while Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian republics produce lesser amounts. The annual world clip is estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000 tons (13,605 and 18,140 tonnes) (in hair). Pure cashmere, resulting from removing animal grease, dirt and coarse hairs from the fleece, is estimated at about 6,500 tons (5,895 tonnes). Ultra-fine Cashmere or Pashmina",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2086843",
"chunk_text": "Sisal\nfor a softer hand. Global production of sisal fibre in 2013 amounted to 281 thousand tonnes of which Brazil, the largest producing country, produced 150,584 tonnes. Tanzania produced approximately 34,875 tons, Kenya produced 28,000 tonnes, Madagascar 18,950 tonnes and 16,500 tonnes were produced in China (mainland). Venezuela contributed 4,826 tons with smaller amounts coming from Morocco, South Africa, Mozambique, and Angola. Sisal occupies 6th place among fibre plants, representing 2% of the world’s production of plant fibres (plant fibres provide 65% of the world’s fibres). As one of the world's important natural fibres, sisal was included in the scope of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14527049",
"chunk_text": "\"Zambeef Products\"\nZambeef Products According to its website, Zambeef is the largest beef producer in Zambia. The company also provides feedlot services, and manufactures milk, chicken, eggs, leather and shoes. The company operates a fast food restaurant chain and a trucking company, including a fleet of refrigerated trucks. Zambeef grows crops, including wheat, maize, lucerne and soybeans, produces feed, and operates feed processing plants. Its subsidiaries include Master Meats Production Company, of Nigeria. The company's export business is active, especially throughout southern Africa. Zambeef also has a concessionary agreement with Shoprite to run all their butcheries. \"\"'Zambeef\"\" claims to have a good",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2810932",
"chunk_text": "\"Cotton made in Africa\"\nthe Project is having a beneficial effect: in Zambia, for instance, the crop yields of some groups of farmers have more than doubled, while in Benin the quality of the cotton has been substantially improved after only two planting seasons. In its detailed implementation of the Project, the Foundation works closely with its partners and specialists on site in the Project areas. Besides the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), CmiA is also supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, while the DEG, GTZ as well as the cotton traders Dunavant, ICA Talon and Faso Coton",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10111546",
"chunk_text": "\"Tavan Bogd Group\"\nBank. GOBI manufactures luxury cashmere and wool clothing. It operates a fully integrated raw material processing to final production factory in Ulaanbaatar. GOBI sells camel wool, yak molt, and cashmere products through 140 stores in 40 countries. Founded in 2014, Support Services Mongolia (SSM) LLC, a joint-stock company between Tavan Bogd Trade LLC and CIS France, delivers camp services to road construction, civil construction, mining, power plant and geological exploration businesses. SSM helps build camp sites and provides catering services including food, laundry and maintenance. SSM customers include some of Mongolia’s largest companies such as the Oyu Tolgoi LLC, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13085875",
"chunk_text": "\"Cotton made in Africa\"\nalso participate in the Project. Further stakeholders supporting CmiA in an advisory capacity are Accenture, Avery Dennison, German Agro Action, German Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU), McCann Erickson and the World Wide Fund For Nature. With the signature of a partnership agreement in December 2008 between the DEG and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for the support of the cotton sector in sub-saharan Africa, CmiA gained a further valuable partner and sponsor to help finance the roll-out of the Project to other West African countries. In-field cotton production, transport, ginning and storage of the raw cotton are all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19397852",
"chunk_text": "\"Cashmere wool\"\nCashmere wool Cashmere wool, usually simply known as cashmere, is a fiber obtained from cashmere goats and other types of goat. The word \"\"cashmere\"\" is an old spelling of \"\"Kashmir\"\", northernmost geographical region of Indian Subcontinent. Common usage defines the fiber as wool but it is finer and softer than sheep's wool. Cashmere is finer, stronger, lighter, softer, and approximately three times more insulating than sheep wool. In the United States, under the U.S. Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939, as amended, (15 U. S. Code Section 68b(a)(6)), a wool or textile product may be labelled as containing cashmere only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6483108",
"chunk_text": "\"African wax prints\"\nVlissingen's company. In 1927, van Vlissingen's company rebranded as Vlisco. Before the 1960s most of the African wax fabric sold in West and Central Africa was manufactured in Europe. Today, Africa is home to the production of high quality wax prints. Manufacturers across Africa include ABC Wax, Woodin, Uniwax, Akosombo Textiles Limited (ATL), and GTP (Ghana Textiles Printing Company); the latter three being part a part of the Vlisco Group. These companies have helped reduce the prices of African wax prints in the continent when compared to European imports. The costly produced wax fabrics are increasingly imitated by alternative ways",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20835006",
"chunk_text": "\"British Wool Marketing Board\"\nBritish Wool Marketing Board The British Wool Marketing Board (also known as British Wool) operates the central marketing system for UK fleece wool. A farmer-run organisation, British Wool was established in 1950 with the aim of achieving the best possible net return for producers. It is the only organisation in the world that collects, grades, sells and promotes fleece wool and is the only remaining agricultural commodity board in the UK. Receiving no financial support, although operating commercially, British Wool is a non-profit-making organisation, returning to producers the market price for their wool, less its own costs. Under the Wool",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_821
|
where was the first nhl hockey game played?
|
n/a
|
[
"Ottawa",
"Montreal"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9747389",
"chunk_text": "Hockey\n\"\"hockey\"\" in England throughout the 19th century, and even earlier under various other names. In Canada, there are 24 reports of hockey-like games in the 19th century before 1875 (five of them using the name \"\"hockey\"\"). The first organized and recorded game of ice hockey was played indoors in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on March 3, 1875, and featured several McGill University students. Ice hockey sticks are long L-shaped sticks made of wood, graphite, or composites with a blade at the bottom that can lie flat on the playing surface when the stick is held upright and can legally curve either",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15270149",
"chunk_text": "\"First indoor ice hockey game\"\nFirst indoor ice hockey game On March 3, 1875, the first recorded indoor ice hockey game took place at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Organized by James Creighton, who captained one of the teams, the game was between two nine-member teams, using a wooden 'puck'. Members used skates and sticks used for outdoor hockey and shinny games in Nova Scotia, where Creighton was born and raised. It is recognized as the first organized ice hockey game. The Victoria Skating Rink was a long (), two-story brick edifice with a -high pitched roof supported from within by curving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18728960",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in the United States\"\nmass relocation of many residents from northern cities with strong hockey support to these Sun Belt locations. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. The game soon spread to United States. It was brought overseas from Canadian immigrants. They would play this stick and ball game on frozen ponds and lakes in the winters. The first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1013846",
"chunk_text": "\"Society for International Hockey Research\"\nto examine the claim of Windsor, Nova Scotia, to be the birthplace of ice hockey. The committee's report, released in May 2002, that the Windsor proponents had not offered credible evidence that the town was the birthplace of hockey. The report expressed no opinion on when or where hockey originated. The SIHR committee indicated that the March 3, 1875 game at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal was the earliest documented ice hockey game that it was aware of. \"\"It is the earliest eyewitness account known, at least to this SIHR committee, of a specific game of hockey in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15270153",
"chunk_text": "\"First indoor ice hockey game\"\nand the rink's size. On March 3, 1875, the Rink hosted what has been recognized as the first organized ice hockey game, between members of the Victoria Skating Club, organized by Creighton. The match lays claim to this distinction because of factors which establish its link to modern ice hockey: it featured two teams (nine players per side) with a recorded score. Games prior to this had mostly been outdoors. In order to limit injuries to spectators and damage to glass windows, the game was played with a \"\"flat block of wood\"\" instead of a lacrosse ball. The two teams,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11216411",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nother sports. It was the original home rink of the Boston Bruins professional team, itself the oldest United States-based team in the NHL, starting play in the league in today's Matthews Arena on December 1, 1924. Madison Square Garden in New York City, built in 1968, is the oldest continuously-operating arena in the NHL. Professional hockey has existed since the early 20th century. By 1902, the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League was the first to employ professionals. The league joined with teams in Michigan and Ontario to form the first fully professional league—the International Professional Hockey League (IPHL)—in 1904. The WPHL",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19346632",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in the United States\"\nknown recorded game of ice hockey was played in the United States at Yale University and Johns Hopkins University in 1893. In 1894, the first artificial ice rink was built in Maryland. The rink was called the North Avenue Ice Palace, which was located in Baltimore, Maryland. A few years later, in 1896, the first ice hockey league in the United States was formed called The U.S. Amateur Hockey League. It was founded in New York City around the same time as the second artificial ice rink was opened in New York, New York, called the St. Nicholas Arena. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19948598",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the National Hockey League (1917–1942)\"\nNHA in 1918–19. Livingstone had other ideas, filing lawsuits against the new league, the owners and the players in an attempt to keep his team operating. Nonetheless, the NHL began play three weeks after it was created, with the first games held on December 19 in Ottawa and Montreal. A French language newspaper ad discovered in 2017 established that the Montreal game started at 8:15 pm, ahead of the Ottawa match scheduled to begin at 8:30 pm and delayed a short time by a contract dispute, making the Montreal Wanderers 10-9 defeat of the Ottawa Senators at the Montreal Arena",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11216391",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nsimilar winter games using informal rules as they were developed, such as \"\"shinny\"\" and \"\"ice polo\"\". The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11997667",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nas far back as 1773, as it was mentioned in the book \"\"Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a New Mode of Infant Education\"\" by Richard Johnson (Pseud. Master Michel Angelo), whose chapter XI was titled \"\"New Improvements on the Game of Hockey\"\". While the game's origins lie elsewhere, Montreal is at the centre of the development of the sport of contemporary ice hockey, and is recognized as the birthplace of organized ice hockey. On March 3, 1875, the first organized indoor game was played at Montreal's Victoria Skating Rink between two nine-player",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11216407",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\ncredited with being the father of hockey in the United States. In 1892, as an amateur tennis player, Chace visited Niagara Falls, New York for a tennis match, where he met some Canadian hockey players. Soon afterwards, Chace put together a team of men from Yale, Brown, and Harvard, and toured across Canada as captain of this team. The first collegiate hockey match in the United States was played between Yale University and Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. Yale, led by captain Chace, beat Hopkins, 2–1. In 1896, the first ice hockey league in the US was formed. The US Amateur",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12309608",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthews Arena\"\nLine \"\"E\"\" Branch's underground Symphony station is two blocks northwest. Originally named Boston Arena, the arena opened on April 16, 1910 for an ice show. The Arena was partially destroyed by fire on Dec. 18, 1918. It was rebuilt, and the new facility opened Jan. 1, 1921 with an ice show. Harvard played the first hockey game after being reopened, Jan. 8, 1921, against Kings College. The first games of professional ice hockey took place in March 1911 when a two-game $2,500 competition between two NHA teams, the Montreal Wanderers and the Ottawa Senators took place. The NHL's first US-based",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5777050",
"chunk_text": "Canadiana.org\nthan previously believed. The ECO collection featured a letter from Sir John Franklin's 1825 Arctic expedition containing the first known written reference to a game of hockey played on ice. Addressed to British geologist Roderick Murchison from Fort Franklin on the south shore of the Great Bear Lake, Rupert's Land (present-day North-West Territories), the letter read: Several Canadian cities, including Montreal (whose Montreal Gazette published the first set of hockey rules in 1875), Halifax, and Windsor, claim the distinction of the \"\"birthplace of hockey,\"\" while similar stick-and-ball games were common (and no doubt occasionally played on ice) to both Europe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "941531",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nprobably in December 1796. British soldiers and immigrants to Canada and the United States brought their stick-and-ball games with them and played them on the ice and snow of winter. In 1825, John Franklin wrote \"\"The game of hockey played on the ice was the morning sport\"\" on Great Bear Lake during one of his Arctic expeditions. A mid-1830s watercolour portrays New Brunswick lieutenant-governor Archibald Campbell and his family with British soldiers on skates playing a stick-on-ice sport. Captain R.G.A. Levinge, a British Army officer in New Brunswick during Campbell's time, wrote about \"\"hockey on ice\"\" on Chippewa Creek (a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11219061",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\n1890s in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The women of Lord Stanley's family were known to participate in the game of ice hockey on the outdoor ice rink at Rideau Hall, the residence of Canada's Governor-General. The game developed at first without an organizing body. A tournament in 1902 between Montreal and Trois-Rivieres was billed as the first championship tournament. Several tournaments, such as at the Banff Winter Carnival, were held in the early 20th century and numerous women's teams such as the Seattle Vamps and Vancouver Amazons existed. Organizations started to develop in the 1920s, such as the Ladies Ontario Hockey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16745755",
"chunk_text": "\"National Hockey League All-Star Game\"\nhave been several occasions when benefit games and All-Star Games were played. The first All-Star game in ice hockey predates the NHL. It was played on January 2, 1908, before 3,500 fans at the Montreal Arena between the Montreal Wanderers and a team of All-Stars players from the teams the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. It was held in memory of Montreal Wanderers player Hod Stuart, who had drowned three months after the Wanderers won the Stanley Cup in 1907. The proceeds of that game (over $2,000) went to Stuart's family. On December 12, 1933, Toronto's King Clancy tripped Boston's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15270152",
"chunk_text": "\"First indoor ice hockey game\"\nthe Windsor Hotel, a long-time centre of social life and meeting place of several sports organizations, was built in 1875. Nearby is old Windsor Station, which was the eastern terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, built in 1889. In 1873, James Creighton, a member of the Victoria Skating Club and a figure skating judge, started organizing sessions of shinny at the rink, played informally between members of the Club and friends. The rules followed were developed from the informal rules of the outdoor game played in Nova Scotia where Creighton was born and raised, and adapted to the indoors setting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7034003",
"chunk_text": "\"NHL outdoor games\"\nstayed at the arena until 1973.) However, the roof was always closed during hockey games with both the Penguins and their AHL predecessors, the Pittsburgh Hornets, whom the Penguins replaced upon the 1967 NHL expansion. The roof was permanently closed after 1994 when the Penguins replaced the center scoreboard. The first outdoor game between two NHL teams (and the first played to completion) was an official pre-season match-up on September 27, 1991. The game took place in the parking lot of Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada, and featured the Los Angeles Kings and the New York Rangers. The process",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4816900",
"chunk_text": "\"Duquesne Gardens\"\nmassive ice surface was reduced to conform to the NHL's standards. Pittsburgh's first ever NHL game was played on December 2, 1925, with the Pirates taking on the New York Americans in front of 8,200 fans. The Pirates lost the game in overtime, 2-1. By 1930, financial issues, associated with the Great Depression caused the Pirates to relocate to Philadelphia, before folding. What helped make the city such a hotbed for hockey in the early part of the century, the Duquesne Gardens, ultimately helped doom the Pirates. The Gardens held slightly more than 5,000 fans, which was fine at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11997666",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nstudent at King's College School in that town in 1810 and earlier. Based on Haliburton's quote, claims were made that modern hockey was invented in Windsor, Nova Scotia, by King's College students and perhaps named after an individual (\"\"Colonel Hockey's game\"\"). Others claim that the origins of hockey come from games played in the area of Dartmouth and Halifax in Nova Scotia. However, several references have been found to hurling and shinty being played on the ice long before the earliest references from both Windsor and Dartmouth/Halifax, and the word \"\"hockey\"\" was used to designate a stick-and-ball game at least",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11946536",
"chunk_text": "\"National Hockey Association\"\nNational Hockey Association The National Hockey Association (NHA), officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the direct predecessor to today's National Hockey League (NHL). Founded in 1909 by Ambrose O'Brien, the NHA introduced 'six-man hockey' by removing the 'rover' position in 1911. During its lifetime, the league coped with competition for players with the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), the enlistment of players for World War I and disagreements between owners. The disagreements between owners came to a head in 1917, when the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12655632",
"chunk_text": "\"National Hockey League\"\nNational Hockey League The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, at the Windsor Hotel in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15419532",
"chunk_text": "\"2003–04 Montreal Canadiens season\"\noutdoor game in the history of the NHL, and was modeled after the success of the \"\"cold war\"\" game between the University of Michigan and Michigan State University in 2001. The first NHL game to be played outdoors was in 1991 when the Los Angeles Kings played the New York Rangers in an exhibition game outside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. The event took place in Edmonton's Commonwealth Stadium in front of a crowd of 57,167, the largest number of people to ever watch a live NHL game, despite temperatures of close to −18 °C, −30 °C (−22 °F) with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19105727",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the National Hockey League (1917–1942)\"\nmeanwhile, were purchased for $75,000 by New York mobster Bill Dwyer to stock his expansion New York Americans. The Americans began play in 1925, replacing the Tigers. The NHL grew to six teams in 1924, adding a second team in Montreal, the Maroons, and the first American team, the Boston Bruins. The Bruins were purchased by Charles Adams, a grocery store financier who first developed an interest in hockey during the Stanley Cup playoffs, paying $15,000 for the team. The Maroons were created to replace the Wanderers and to appeal to the English population of Montreal. The first NHL game",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19893156",
"chunk_text": "\"1st National Hockey League All-Star Game\"\nSource: Podnieks(2000), p. 25. 1st National Hockey League All-Star Game The 1st National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at Maple Leaf Gardens, home of the Toronto Maple Leafs, on October 13, 1947. The game saw the Maple Leafs play a team of NHL all-stars. The All-Stars won the game 4–3. The NHL All-Star Game originated from the Players Committee and was approved on May 23, 1947. For the site of the All-Star Charity Game, it was applied for by Toronto and Chicago, with Chicago receiving the second game, in 1948. It was agreed that proceeds would be divided whereby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19893152",
"chunk_text": "\"1st National Hockey League All-Star Game\"\n1st National Hockey League All-Star Game The 1st National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at Maple Leaf Gardens, home of the Toronto Maple Leafs, on October 13, 1947. The game saw the Maple Leafs play a team of NHL all-stars. The All-Stars won the game 4–3. The NHL All-Star Game originated from the Players Committee and was approved on May 23, 1947. For the site of the All-Star Charity Game, it was applied for by Toronto and Chicago, with Chicago receiving the second game, in 1948. It was agreed that proceeds would be divided whereby one-third would go to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3539853",
"chunk_text": "\"Dee Stadium\"\nDee Stadium Dee Stadium, also called The Dee, is an ice hockey arena in Houghton, Michigan, that replaced, and is located on the same site as, the Amphidrome. It is regarded as the birthplace of professional hockey, and is the seventh oldest indoor ice rink in the world. The Houghton Warehouse Company, operated by James R. Dee, built and owned the Amphidrome. Construction of the Amphidrome finished in December 1902. The first hockey game was played on December 29, 1902, in which the Portage Lakes Hockey Club defeated the University of Toronto, 13-2. The game was attended by over 5000",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18728915",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in Canada\"\nIce hockey in Canada Ice hockey in Canada dates back to the 19th century. The sport is very popular and played year-round and at every level. The modern form of ice hockey began in Canada in the late 19th century, and is widely considered Canada's national pastime, with high levels of participation by children, men and women at various levels of competition. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15270160",
"chunk_text": "\"First indoor ice hockey game\"\nVictoria Cup, a trophy named for the arena, for which—along with 1 million Swiss francs—one National Hockey League team and the champion of the European Champions Hockey League play off annually. The first Cup match was held in Berne, Switzerland on October 1, 2008 between the New York Rangers and the Metallurg Magnitogorsk. The next, and last, edition of the Victoria Cup was held in Zurich on September 29, 2009, between the ZSC Lions and the Chicago Blackhawks. First indoor ice hockey game On March 3, 1875, the first recorded indoor ice hockey game took place at the Victoria Skating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10950884",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the National Hockey League\"\npresident. With Dutton's recommendation, Clarence Campbell was named president of the NHL in 1946. He remained in that role until his retirement in 1977. For the first 21 years of his presidency, the same six teams (located in Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Montreal, New York, and Toronto) competed for the Stanley Cup and that period has been called the \"\"golden age of hockey\"\". The NHL featured increasingly intense rivalries coupled with rule innovations that opened up the game. The first official All-Star Game took place at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto on October 13, 1947 to raise money for the newly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19246541",
"chunk_text": "\"St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)\"\nsuspected misconduct and new training for school staff and teachers. Malcolm Gordon coached ice hockey at the school for 29 years, and noted World War I fighter pilot Hobey Baker played under him. The first squash courts in the United States were built at St. Paul's in 1884. St. Paul's, and Concord, New Hampshire, were early cradles for ice hockey in America. By some accounts, the first hockey game in the United States was played on Lower School Pond November 17, 1883. The school was an established leader in the sport in the early twentieth century, playing and beating collegiate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18728959",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in the United States\"\nIce hockey in the United States Ice hockey, usually referred to in the U.S. simply as \"\"hockey\"\", is a popular sport in the United States. Hockey in the U.S. began in 1894 when the first artificial ice rink was built in Baltimore, Maryland. Now hockey is most popular in regions of the U.S. with cold winter climates, such as the northeast and the upper Midwest. However, since the 1990s, ice hockey has become increasingly popular in the Sun Belt due in large part to the expansion of the National Hockey League to the southeast and southwest U.S., coupled with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16463461",
"chunk_text": "\"Palestra (Michigan)\"\nPalestra (Michigan) The Palestra was a 4,000- to 5,000-seat arena best known for ice hockey, even hosting a Detroit Red Wings exhibition. It also hosted boxing matches and was open for public skating. Built in 1904 in Laurium, Michigan, the Palestra was the first building in the world built specifically for the use of ice hockey, and for most of its existence, the Palestra had a natural ice surface. The rink was flooded and would then freeze in the cold weather. The arena did not have ice making equipment until the late 1940s. The building opened on December 16, 1904,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19581681",
"chunk_text": "\"James Creighton (ice hockey)\"\nin attendance. In 2015, Creighton was inducted into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. James Creighton (ice hockey) James George Aylwin Creighton CMG (June 12, 1850 – June 27, 1930) was a Canadian lawyer, engineer, journalist and athlete. He is credited with organizing the first recorded indoor ice hockey match at Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1875. He helped popularize the sport in Montreal and later in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada after he moved to Ottawa in 1882 where he served for 48 years as the law clerk to the Senate of Canada. Creighton was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the eldest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16938005",
"chunk_text": "\"NHL outdoor games\"\nwere effectively informal scrimmages; in 1954, the Detroit Red Wings visited Marquette Branch Prison and played a match against the prison inmates in a fenced-off, open air ice rink, while in 1956, the Boston Bruins played a game against several local teams in Bay Roberts, Newfoundland. In neither case was a formal game structure maintained or score kept, as the NHL teams hopelessly outmatched the hosts. In 1991, the Los Angeles Kings and New York Rangers played a pre-season game outside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, in the first officially sanctioned outdoor NHL contest. The NHL's outdoor series have proven",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12655633",
"chunk_text": "\"National Hockey League\"\nMontreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario. The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, thus the adjective \"\"National\"\" in the league's name. The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "975415",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey broadcasting\"\nIce hockey broadcasting As with most other professional sports, ice hockey is broadcast both on radio and television. The first dissemination of game scores via electronic means was done by telegraph, starting in the 1890s. In Montreal's Victoria Rink, telegraph lines were installed to send game descriptions to operators in Winnipeg for the 1896 Stanley Cup challenge between Montreal and Winnipeg. On February 8, 1923 the first radio broadcast of an ice hockey game was made. \"\"Toronto Daily Star\"\" reporter Norman Albert described the third-period action of a game between Midland and North Toronto at Toronto's Arena Gardens. The radio",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14359408",
"chunk_text": "\"Montreal Arena\"\nMontreal Arena The Montreal Arena, also known as Westmount Arena, was an indoor arena located in Westmount, Quebec, Canada on the corner of St. Catherine Street and Wood Avenue. It was likely one of the first arenas designed expressly for hockey, opening in 1898. It was the primary site of amateur and professional ice hockey in Montreal until 1918. Opened on December 31, 1898, it held 10,000 people, 4300 seated. It held a refreshment buffet and smoking rooms, with rugs available for rental to sit on. It is likely the third arena designed expressly for ice hockey, after the St.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2988867",
"chunk_text": "\"Roller hockey (quad)\"\nand 92 cm deep. While not attached to the ground, it is extremely heavy to prevent movement. World Skate provides the current rulebook at its website . The first recorded Hardball Roller Hockey game was played in 1878 at the Denmark Rink in London, England. It was first known as “roller polo” due to the introduction of Polo in 1876, skaters took polo to the rinks. The sport was introduced into the United States in 1882 with the formation of the National Roller Polo League in Dayton, Ohio, with teams in seven cities. Roller Polo League In 1884 the Massachusetts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3347083",
"chunk_text": "\"Mutual Street Arena\"\nMutual Street Arena Mutual Street Arena, initially called Arena Gardens or just the Arena, was an ice hockey arena and sports and entertainment venue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. From 1912 until 1931, with the opening of Maple Leaf Gardens, it was the premier site of ice hockey in Toronto, being home to teams from the National Hockey Association (NHA), the National Hockey League (NHL), the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) and the International Hockey League (IHL). It was the first home of the Toronto Maple Leafs, who played at the arena under various names for their first 13½ seasons. The Arena",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "973081",
"chunk_text": "\"Mutual Street Arena\"\nseason, as was originally scheduled. The of piping for the artificial ice was installed improperly and had to be reinstalled in December 1912. The first professional ice hockey game in the building was on December 21, 1912, an exhibition between the Montreal Canadiens and Montreal Wanderers. Sprague Cleghorn was suspended for four weeks and fined $65 by the NHA for assaulting the Canadiens' Newsy Lalonde in the game.The first official game was on December 25, 1912, a game between the Canadiens and the Torontos. Upon the suspension of the NHA in 1917, the professional franchise of the new National Hockey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "941532",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\ntributary of the Niagara River) in 1839. In 1843 another British Army officer in Kingston, Ontario wrote, \"\"Began to skate this year, improved quickly and had great fun at hockey on the ice.\"\" An 1859 \"\"Boston Evening Gazette\"\" article referred to an early game of hockey on ice in Halifax that year. An 1835 painting by John O'Toole depicts skaters with sticks and bung on a frozen stream in the American state of West Virginia, at that time still part of Virginia. In the same era, the Mi'kmaq, a First Nations people of the Canadian Maritimes, also had a stick-and-ball",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18464634",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the National Hockey League\"\nfirst expanded into the United States in 1924 with the founding of the Boston Bruins, and by 1926 consisted of ten teams in Ontario, Quebec, the Great Lakes region, and the Northeastern United States. At the same time, the NHL emerged as the only major league and the sole competitor for the Stanley Cup; in 1947, the NHL completed a deal with the Stanley Cup trustees to gain full control of the Cup. The NHL's footprint spread across Canada as Foster Hewitt's radio broadcasts were heard coast-to-coast starting in 1933. The Great Depression and World War II reduced the league",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18691440",
"chunk_text": "\"James Creighton (ice hockey)\"\nJames Creighton (ice hockey) James George Aylwin Creighton CMG (June 12, 1850 – June 27, 1930) was a Canadian lawyer, engineer, journalist and athlete. He is credited with organizing the first recorded indoor ice hockey match at Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1875. He helped popularize the sport in Montreal and later in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada after he moved to Ottawa in 1882 where he served for 48 years as the law clerk to the Senate of Canada. Creighton was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the eldest son of William Hudson Creighton and Anna Fairbanks, grandson of James G. A. Creighton,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "237575",
"chunk_text": "\"Patrick Arena\"\nCoast Hockey Association (PCHA). The first professional hockey game played at the Patrick Arena was between the New Westminster Royals and the hometown Victoria Senators on January 2, 1912. This was likely the first professional game on artificial ice in Canada. In 1913 the Victoria Senators were renamed as the Victoria Aristocrats. In 1916 the Patrick Arena was commandeered by the Canadian military and the hockey team was forced to move to Spokane, Washington, to play as the Spokane Canaries. When the military left, a new team was formed in 1918 and again was dubbed the Aristocrats. In 1923 they",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9747377",
"chunk_text": "Hockey\nHockey Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to manoeuvre a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick. There are many types of hockey such as bandy, field hockey and ice hockey. In most of the world, hockey refers to field hockey. However, in Canada, the United States, Finland, Latvia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, hockey usually refers to ice hockey. The first recorded use of the word \"\"hockey\"\" is in the 1773 book \"\"Juvenile Sports and Pastimes, to Which Are Prefixed, Memoirs of the Author: Including a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7650115",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice Hockey Australia\"\nthe ice\"\", it was not ice hockey. The birthplace of ice hockey in Australia was in the Melbourne Glaciarium in Melbourne and was the first time and place that ice hockey had been played in the country. An exhibition of ice hockey was held at the end of the opening night of the Melbourne Glaciarium on the afternoon of 9 June 1906, at 16 City Road, South Melbourne Victoria. The first recorded game of ice hockey in Australia was on Tuesday 17 July 1906 and was between a Victorian representative team and the American sailors from the visiting American warship",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12483472",
"chunk_text": "\"North Avenue Ice Palace\"\nended in a 2–2 draw. This may have been the first game of ice hockey played on a sheet of artificial ice and was one of the first in the United States. The game was 60 minutes, with two halves of 30 minutes. Attendance for the opening and game was recorded as about 2,500. On February 14, 1896, the rink hosted what is considered the first intercollegiate game of ice hockey in the United States, a game between Yale University and Johns Hopkins. Yale, captained by Malcolm Chace, won the game 2–1, with Chace scoring both goals. The teams played",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5891042",
"chunk_text": "\"CFCA (AM)\"\nloudspeakers in order to encourage the purchase of radio receivers. On February 8, 1923, the first live play-by-play hockey broadcast was made when \"\"Toronto Daily Star\"\" sports reporter Norman Albert called the third period of an Ontario Hockey Association intermediate playoff game at Arena Gardens between North Toronto and Midland The broadcast was successful and, on February 14, 1922, a professional hockey game carried on CFCA between the Toronto St. Pats and the Ottawa Senators became the first NHL game to be broadcast on radio. On February 16, 1922 (according to some sources), his colleague Foster Hewitt, called an OHA",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18924484",
"chunk_text": "\"James Creighton (ice hockey)\"\nthe first known organized ice hockey team, the McGill University Hockey Club. Mr. Creighton had played sports during his boyhood in Halifax, where a free-wheeling, stick-ball game called \"\"ricket\"\", \"\"shinny\"\" or occasionally \"\"hockey\"\", was played on ice outdoors with any number of players. It is believed that Creighton developed rules for the organized indoor game from the style of play of those games in Halifax, where (according to some historians) they had developed out of a Scottish game called shinty. However, ice hockey also has its roots in the aboriginal game of lacrosse, the English game of field hockey, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_822
|
how many inches is the iphone 5s screen?
|
n/a
|
[
"4 in",
"4-inch screen size"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362699",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nonly approximately 1.45 times better than the iPhone 4s. Battery life assessments conducted by AnandTech concluded that the battery life is shorter on the iPhone 5 than its predecessor when performing certain tasks, however when performing other tasks the iPhone 5 battery outlasts the iPhone 4s. The Retina Display is 1,136 × 640 pixels with an aspect ratio of almost exactly 16:9, (minus one extra row of horizontal pixels). With a diagonal of 4\"\" it has a display size of 6.7 square inches, compared to 5.7 in iPhone 4 and 4s. The pixel density remains the same as the 4s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362700",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nmodel, which is 326 pixels per inch. Screen icons of the iPhone 5 are arranged in a matrix of six rows of four icons each. The increased screen size allows the sixth row of icons to be added to the five rows that were present in the iPhone 4. In-cell touch sensor technology from Sharp slims the screen which allows for a thinner phone. The screen's color saturation is 44% greater than its predecessor. There are three microphones (placed on the front, side and back) for noise cancellation and video calls. On April 28, 2014, Apple initiated an out of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6269555",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\nscreens on the first three generations have a resolution of 320×480 (HVGA) at 163 ppi; those on the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S have a resolution of 640×960 at 326 ppi; the 4-inch models, with 640×1136 at 326 ppi; the 4.7-inch models, with 750×1334 at 326 ppi; the 5.5-inch models, with 1080×1920 at 401 ppi; and the 5.8-inch model X, with 1125×2436 at 458 ppi. The initial models were using twisted-nematic (TN) LCDs. Starting with iPhone 4, the technology was changed to in-plane switching (IPS) LCDs. The iPhone 5 model's screen results in an aspect ratio of approximately 16:9. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390452",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nIPhone 5S The iPhone 5S (stylized and marketed as iPhone 5s) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the seventh generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 5. The device was unveiled on September 10, 2013, at Apple's Cupertino headquarters. It was released on September 20, 2013, along with its lower-cost counterpart, the iPhone 5C. The iPhone 5S maintains almost the same external design as its predecessor, the iPhone 5, although the 5S received a new white/gold color scheme in addition to white/silver and space gray/black; however, the 5S has vastly upgraded internal hardware.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390461",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nSeptember 2016, replacing it and its A7 processor early meant that Apple \"\"just reduced its long-term chip support window by a year\"\" for iOS. In addition, a new iPhone launch was meant to stimulate demand, as sales of iPhone 6S and 6S Plus had not met expectations since their September 2015 release and the iPhone family was expected to suffer its first ever negative growth quarter in 2016. The iPhone 5S maintains a similar design to the iPhone 5, with a LCD multi-touch Retina display and a screen resolution of 640×1136 at 326 ppi. Its home button has been updated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6269536",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\nmade of plastic. The iPhone 5S comes in three colors (black, white, and gold) and the home button is replaced with a fingerprint scanner (Touch ID). Both phones shipped on September 20, 2013. On September 9, 2014, Apple revealed the iPhone 6 and the iPhone 6 Plus at an event in Cupertino. Both devices had a larger screen than their predecessor, at 4.7 and 5.5 inches respectively. In 2016, Apple unveiled the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, which added water and dust resistance, improved system and graphics performance, a new dual-camera setup on the Plus model, new color options, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390462",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nwith a new flat design using a laser-cut sapphire cover surrounded by a metallic ring; the button is no longer concave, nor does it contain the familiar squircle icon seen on previous models. The phone itself is thick and weighs . The phone uses an aluminum composite frame. The device is available in three color finishes; \"\"space-gray\"\" (replacing black with slate trim on the iPhone 5), white with silver trim, and white with gold trim. The iPhone 5S was the first iPhone to be available in a gold color; this decision was influenced by the fact that gold is seen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6269534",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\nup from its predecessors' 3.5-inch screen. The device comes with the same 326 pixels per inch found in the iPhone 4 and 4S. The iPhone 5 has the SoC A6 processor, the chip is 22% smaller than the iPhone 4S' A5 and is twice as fast, doubling the graphics performance of its predecessor. The device is 18% thinner than the iPhone 4S, measuring , and is 20% lighter at . On July 6, 2013, it was reported that Apple was in talks with Korean mobile carrier SK Telecom to release the next generation iPhone with LTE Advanced technology. On July",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390479",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nwho preferred the 4-inch screen size of iPhone 5S, which remained the second-most popular iPhone after the iPhone 6 and ahead of the iPhone 6S. Apple stated in their event that they sold 30 million 4-inch iPhones in 2015, even as that form factor was succeeded as the flagship iPhone by the redesigned larger display 4.7/5.5-inch iPhone 6 and 6 Plus back in September 2014. Furthermore, the 5/5S design was regarded as \"\"long been the golden child of Apple phone design and a benchmark for phones in general\"\" (with the 5S's gold finish adding a premium touch to the 5's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390466",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nof fingers at 500 pixels per inch, and uses a 360-degree design that can read the print at any angle. The sensor itself is activated by a touch-sensitive metallic ring surrounding the button. Touch ID can be used for various authentication activities within the operating system, such as unlocking the device or authenticating App Store and iTunes purchases instead of an Apple ID password. The sensor can be trained to recognize the fingerprints of multiple fingers and multiple users. Fingerprint data is stored in an encrypted format within a \"\"secure enclave\"\" of the A7 chip itself, and is not accessible",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390471",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\niOS device, having supported six major versions of the iOS operating system, on par with the iPad 2 which supported iOS 4 through iOS 9. The iPhone 5S will also receive major speed boosts of up to 70%, according to Apple. This includes the camera, keyboard and other functions. During the keynote, Apple announced a case for the iPhone 5S that was made of soft microfiber on the inside and leather on the outside. This case was announced along with iPhone 5C's case, both of which were the first cases Apple had announced since the iPhone 4 Bumpers. Docks for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362678",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nthe 5 albeit having a less expensive polycarbonate exterior. The iPhone 5 supports iOS 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The iPhone 5 is the second iPhone to support five major versions of iOS after the iPhone 4S. Rumors about the began shortly after the announcement of the iPhone 4s, though detailed leaks did not emerge until June 2012. On July 30, 2012, reports pinpointed the dates on which the iPhone 5 would be unveiled and released, along with some accurate predictions of its features. On September 4, 2012, Apple announced they would be hosting an event at the Yerba",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362696",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\n1 GB. Storage capacities available are fixed at 16, 32 or 64 GB, the same as the 4s; plug-in memory cards are not supported. The two color options are black (with black glass and slate-colored metal trim), and white (with white ceramic and silver-colored metal trim); again the same color options (though differently implemented) as its predecessor the 4s had. The iPhone 5 retains the 8 megapixel back camera on the iPhone 4s, but has improved low-light performance, and has a 40% faster photo capture than its predecessors, while having a purple hue when a strong source of light is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20125938",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 6S\"\ndesign, which places a silicone seal around components of the logic board to prevent them from being shorted by accidental exposure to water. Their displays are the same sizes as those of the iPhone 6, coming in 4.7-inch 750p and 5.5-inch 1080p (Plus) sizes. The iPhone 6S features a technology known as 3D Touch; sensors are embedded in the screen's backlight layer that measure the firmness of the user's touch input by the distance between it and the cover glass, allowing the device to distinguish between normal and more forceful presses. 3D Touch is combined with a Taptic Engine vibrator",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390456",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nwhich incorporated internal hardware similar to the iPhone 6S while retaining the smaller form factor and design of the 5S. The iPhone 5S is the first iPhone to be supported through six major versions of iOS and the second iOS device to support six major updates behind the iPad 2: from iOS 7 which was released in September 2013 to iOS 12 which was released on September 17, 2018. Before its official unveiling, media speculation primarily centered on reports that the next iPhone would include a fingerprint scanner; including Apple's July 2012 acquisition of AuthenTec, a developer of mobile security",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390458",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nfor preorder on September 13, 2013, the iPhone 5S was not available for preorder. Both devices were released on September 20, 2013. While most of the promotion focused on Touch ID, the 64-bit Apple A7 processor was also a highlight during the event. Schiller then showed demos of \"\"Infinity Blade III\"\" to demonstrate the A7's processing power and the device's camera using untouched photographs. The release of iOS 7 on September 18, 2013 was also announced during the keynote. The iPhone 5S was released on September 20, 2013, in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, Germany, Australia, Japan,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6269533",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\nthe phone's lifespan, hovering between $622 and $660. The production price of the iPhone 4S was estimated by IHS iSuppli, in October 2011, to be $188, $207 and $245, for the 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB models, respectively. Labor costs are estimated at between $12.50 and $30 per unit, with workers on the iPhone assembly line making $1.78 an hour. In February 2012, ComScore reported that 12.4% of US mobile subscribers used an iPhone. Approximately 6.4 million iPhones are active in the US alone. On September 12, 2012, Apple announced the iPhone 5. It has a 4-inch display,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390455",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\n7. Some criticized the iPhone 5S for keeping the design and small display of the iPhone 5, and others expressed security concerns about the Touch ID system. Nine million units of the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were sold on their weekend of release, breaking Apple's sales record for iPhones. The iPhone 5S was the best selling phone on all major U.S. carriers in September 2013. The iPhone 5S was succeeded as Apple's flagship smartphone by the larger iPhone 6 in September 2014. On March 21, 2016, the 5S received a direct replacement with the announcement of the iPhone SE,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362683",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\ncosts $34, $10 more than the cellular module in the iPhone 4s. Similarly, screens used in the iPhone 5 cost $44, which is $7 more than the screen of its predecessor. Mashable noted that the profit margin of selling each device is \"\"huge\"\" as the iPhone 5 retails for US$649. After the announcement of the device, a lack of supply was evident. This was due to a shortage of components such as the screen. Reports emerged, stating that Sharp was unable to ship the screen before the debut of the iPhone 5, and other manufacturers reported that it was difficult",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390464",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nthe attention of the main processor, which integrates with iOS 7's new CoreMotion APIs. The same A7 SoC and M7 motion co-processor are also found in the iPad Air and iPad Mini 2 which were released in the same quarter as the iPhone 5S. The phone includes a 1560 mAh battery, which provides 10 hours of talk time and 250 hours of standby time. While the camera is still 8 megapixels in resolution with the image capture size of 3264 × 2448 (4:3), the lens has a larger aperture (2.2) and larger sized pixels in its image sensor than previous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362675",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\n5 featured major design changes in comparison to its predecessor. These included an aluminum-based body which was thinner and lighter than previous models, a taller screen with a nearly aspect ratio, the Apple A6 system-on-chip, LTE support, and Lightning, a new compact dock connector which replaced the 30-pin design used by previous iPhone models. This was the second Apple phone to include its new Sony-made 8 MP camera, which was first introduced on the iPhone 4s. Apple began taking pre-orders on September 14, 2012, and over two million were received within 24 hours. Initial demand for the iPhone 5 exceeded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390468",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nof dollars more\"\". Reviews by Gizmodo and TechRadar reported that although the earphones sounded better than its predecessor, reviewers felt that quality of sound produced is poor. TechRadar further opined that the EarPods are inferior to other earphones of a similar price. The iPhone 5S was initially supplied with iOS 7, released on September 20, 2013. Jonathan Ive, the designer of iOS 7's new elements, described the update as \"\"bringing order to complexity\"\", highlighting features such as refined typography, new icons, translucency, layering, physics, and gyroscope-driven parallaxing as some of the major changes to the design. The design of both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390484",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nso customers could keep checking for units available at their local Apple Stores, and order for pickup. Online orders were also in short supply on launch day, with the shipping date across all model sizes and colors changing from \"\"7-10 working days\"\" to \"\"October\"\" in all countries, within hours of online orders being taken. The iPhone 5S was the best selling phone on AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, and T-Mobile in September 2013 in the United States, outselling the iPhone 5C and Samsung Galaxy S4. According to Consumer Intelligence Research Partners, the iPhone 5S outsold the 5C by a two-to-one margin during",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362698",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nof the and . Hardware benchmarking conducted using Geekbench and GLBenchmark validates several claims that Apple included on their website and mentioned at the unveiling of the device, these include two times faster and two times the graphics performance. In the Geekbench overall hardware assessment, the iPhone 5 received a score that was approximately 2.5 times higher than the iPhone 4s. The benchmark conducted using GLBenchmark for the iPhone 5 returned a score that was 2 times better than the iPhone 4s. The result was however inconsistent as a 3D graphics benchmark assessment using Passmark returned a score that was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390457",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nproducts, references to a fingerprint sensor on the home button in the beta release of iOS 7 and leaked packaging for an iPhone 5S showing that the traditional home button now had a metallic \"\"ring\"\" around it. Similar ring-based imagery was seen on the official invitation to Apple's iPhone press event in September 2013, where the new device was unveiled. Shortly before its official unveiling, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" also reported the rumor. Apple announced the iPhone 5C and the iPhone 5S during a media event at its Cupertino headquarters on September 10, 2013. While the iPhone 5C became available",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14067610",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone SE\"\nThe iPhone SE, iPhone 6S, and iPhone 6S Plus were the last iPhone models to feature a standard 3.5 mm stereo headphone jack. The exterior design of the iPhone SE is nearly identical to that of the iPhone 5 and the iPhone 5S, with the exception of matte-chamfered edges and an inset stainless steel rear Apple logo. Cases designed to fit the 5 and the 5S will also fit an . The iPhone SE is available in the colors Space Gray, Silver, Gold, and Rose Gold. The iPhone SE incorporates the Apple A9 system-on-chip (SoC) with an M9 motion coprocessor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390465",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\niPhone models. The flashlight has dual \"\"True Tone\"\" flashes, consisting of an amber LED and a white LED, which are variably used based on the color temperature of the photo to improve color balancing. The camera also includes automatic image stabilization, dynamic tone mapping, 10 fps burst mode, \"\"best shot\"\" mode and slow motion video at 120 fps. The home button on the iPhone 5S incorporates a fingerprint recognition system known as Touch ID, based on technology from AuthenTec, a company which Apple had acquired in 2012. The sensor uses a capacitive CMOS-based sensor which can detect the \"\"sub-epidermal layers\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16839005",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 4\"\nthe 8 GB iPhone 4S. The display of the iPhone 4 is manufactured by LG under an exclusive contract with Apple. It features an LED backlit TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch (ppi) on a (diagonally measured), 960×640 display. Each pixel is 78 micrometers in width. The display has a contrast ratio of 800:1. The screen is marketed by Apple as the \"\"Retina display\"\", based on the assertion that a display of approximately 300 ppi at a distance of from one's eye, or 57 arcseconds per pixel is the maximum amount of detail",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362694",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nnot be affected, although Apple will require the standard in the future. Apple emphasized the improved build quality of the iPhone 5 at its press event. The frame used in previous versions was redesigned to use an aluminum composite frame. The and used stainless steel instead of aluminium due to Steve Jobs' preference for the metal which he thought, \"\"looks beautiful when it wears\"\". The is 18% thinner, 20% lighter, and has 12% less overall volume than its predecessor, the iPhone 4s. The phone's aluminum body is thick. At the September 2012 conference Apple claimed it was the thinnest smartphone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362697",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\npresent in the photograph. The front camera, which is accessible through the FaceTime and camera app has a lower resolution, at 1.2 megapixels. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery with a charge capacity of 1440mAh is built in and cannot be replaced by the user; it is rated at ≤225 hours of standby time and ≤8 hours of talk time. There are three separate models of the phone available: one supporting CDMA and two GSM versions. This can have knock-on effects for which version of the device will actually work in which countries/regions. The phone takes a nano-SIM, smaller than the micro-SIM",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2687205",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\nthe next four iterations. The iPhone 3G added 3G network support, and was followed by the 3GS with improved hardware, the 4 with a metal chassis, higher display resolution and front-facing camera, and the 4S with improved hardware and the voice assistant Siri. The iPhone 5 featured a taller, 4-inch display and Apple's newly introduced Lightning connector. In 2013, Apple released the 5S with improved hardware and a fingerprint reader, and the lower-cost 5C, a version of the 5 with colored plastic casings instead of metal. They were followed by the larger iPhone 6, with models featuring displays. The iPhone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362682",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nagainst Apple for infringing eight of its patents. The case was scheduled to begin in 2014. In a statement, Samsung said it had \"\"little choice but to take the steps necessary to protect our innovations and intellectual property rights\"\". Litigation between the two involving patent infringement has been ongoing and is being fought in several court cases around the world. The components and labor required to construct the most basic iPhone 5 are estimated to cost US$207, which is US$19 more than the cost of components for the corresponding iPhone 4s model. The LTE module in the iPhone 5 alone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390478",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nand iPhone 5C were moved to the mid and low end of the iPhone range, respectively; the iPhone 5S still had 16 or 32 GB storage available while the iPhone 5C had to make do with 8 GB storage with only 4.9GB available to the user after installing iOS 8. Furthermore, the 5C's polycarbonate exterior received a mixed reception and was seen as a cost-cutting downgrade compared to the iPhone 5's aluminum/glass case; the 5S retained the latter design and looked even more premium due its additional gold finish. As of 2015–16, there were still a significant number of customers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6269535",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\n22, 2013, the company's suppliers said that Apple is testing out larger screens for the iPhone and iPad. \"\"Apple has asked for prototype smartphone screens larger than four inches and has also asked for screen designs for a new tablet device measuring slightly less than 13 inches diagonally, they said.\"\" On September 10, 2013, Apple unveiled two new iPhone models during a highly anticipated press event in Cupertino. The iPhone 5C, a mid-range-priced version of the handset that is designed to increase accessibility due to its price is available in five colors (green, blue, yellow, pink, and white) and is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390463",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nas a popular sign of a luxury product among Chinese customers. The iPhone 5S is powered by the Apple A7 system-on-chip, the first 64-bit processor ever used on a smartphone. The device's operating system and pre-loaded software were optimized to run in 64-bit mode, promising increased performance, although third-party app developers would need to optimize their apps to take advantage of these enhanced capabilities. The A7 processor was designed by Apple and manufactured by Samsung. The A7 processor is accompanied by the M7 \"\"motion co-processor\"\", a dedicated processor for processing motion data from the iPhone's accelerometer and gyroscopes without requiring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362679",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nBuena Center for the Arts in San Francisco on September 12, 2012. A shadow of the numeral 5 was featured in the invitations sent to the media, suggesting that the next iPhone would be unveiled at the event. At the unveiling, Apple announced the iPhone 5 and also introduced new iPod Nano and iPod Touch models. They also stated that pre-orders would be accepted starting September 14, 2012. Over two million pre-orders were received within 24 hours. Initial demand for the new phone exceeded the record set by its predecessor, the iPhone 4s, by selling over 5 million units in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21008864",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 6\"\nthan screens used by flagship phones from competitors. The iPhone 5 and its immediate successors featured a display that was taller, but the same width as prior models, measuring at 4 inches diagonally. Following Apple's loss in smartphone market share to companies producing phones with larger displays, reports as early as January 2014 suggested that Apple was preparing to launch new iPhone models with larger, 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch displays. Reports prior to its unveiling also speculated that Apple might use a new iPhone model to introduce a mobile payments platform using near-field communications—a technology that has been incorporated into many",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6269554",
"chunk_text": "IPhone\nbased in Taiwan. Although Foxconn is still responsible for the larger share of production, Pegatron's orders have been slowly increased, with the company being tasked with producing a part of the iPhone 5C line in 2013, and 30% of the iPhone 6 devices in 2014. The 6 Plus model is being produced solely by Foxconn. The touchscreen on the first five generations is a 9 cm (3.5 in) liquid crystal display with scratch-resistant glass, while the one on the iPhone 5 is four inches. The capacitive touchscreen is designed for a bare finger, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390453",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nThe 5S introduced the A7 64-bit dual-core system-on-chip, the first 64-bit processor to be used on a smartphone, accompanied by the M7 \"\"motion co-processor\"\". A redesigned home button with Touch ID, a fingerprint recognition system which can be used to unlock the phone and authenticate App Store and iTunes Store purchases, was introduced. The camera was also updated with a larger aperture and a dual-LED flash optimized for different color temperatures. The iPhone 5S originally shipped with iOS 7, which introduced a revamped visual appearance and other new features. Designed by Jony Ive, iOS 7 departed from skeuomorphic elements used",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390459",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nHong Kong, and Singapore. It was released in 25 additional countries on October 25, 2013, and in 12 countries on November 1, 2013. Indonesia was the last country to receive the iPhone 5S, on January 26, 2014. On September 19, 2014, the iPhone 5S was succeeded as Apple's flagship smartphone by the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, but the older model remained available for purchase at a reduced price, while the 64GB version was discontinued. The gold edition of the iPhone 5S was discontinued on September 9, 2015, when Apple revealed the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390490",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\n5S's hardware after its release. The most widely reported issue is that the angle reported by the phone's level sensor had drifted by several degrees, which caused the gyroscope, compass, and accelerometer to become inaccurate. Reports suggested that this is a hardware-induced problem. Some encountered other problems such as crashing with a blue screen and then restarting, the power button making a rattling noise when the phone was shaken, overheating, the microphone not working, and Touch ID not working for iTunes purchases. Some of these issues have since been fixed by software updates. IPhone 5S The iPhone 5S (stylized and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362674",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nIPhone 5 The iPhone 5 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the sixth generation of the iPhone succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C. Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012. The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and, setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last iPhone to be overseen by Steve Jobs. The iPhone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14067609",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone SE\"\nbe able to use it fully.\"\" The previous major redesign of the iPhone, the 4.7-inch iPhone 6 and the 5.5-inch iPhone 6 Plus, resulted in larger screen sizes. However, a significant number of customers still preferred the smaller 4-inch screen size of the iPhone 5 and the iPhone 5S. Apple stated in the \"\"Let us loop you in\"\" event on March 21, 2016 that they sold over 30 million 4-inch iPhones in 2015, further explaining that some people love smaller compact phones. Later in the event they presented the iPhone SE, describing it as \"\"the most powerful 4-inch phone ever.\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362695",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nin the world at 7.6 mm, though that claim was disputed as the Chinese Oppo Finder was thinner and some other smartphones could be considered to be thinner, depending upon where thickness is measured. The Oppo Finder measured at its thinnest point and at its thickest point making it overall thinner than the iPhone. The uses a system on chip (SoC), called the Apple A6. The SoC comprises a 1.3 GHz dual-core processor, 1GB of RAM and a tri-core PowerVR SGX543MP4 running at 266 MHz.<ref name=\"\"Geekbench test (28/9)\"\"></ref> The 's operating memory (LPDDR2-1066 eDRAM) was doubled, from 512 MB to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1325433",
"chunk_text": "\"Mobile phone\"\nscreen fills most or nearly all of the space on a device's front surface. Many smartphone displays have an aspect ratio of , but taller aspect ratios became more common in 2017. Screen sizes are measured in diagonal inches; feature phones generally have screen sizes below 3.5 inches. Phones with screens larger than 5.2 inches are often called \"\"phablets.\"\" Smartphones with screens over 4.5 inches in size are commonly difficult to use with only a single hand, since most thumbs cannot reach the entire screen surface; they may need to be shifted around in the hand, held in one hand",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8880855",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Inc.\"\n2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6, alongside the iPhone 6 Plus that both have screen sizes over 4-inches. One year later, Apple introduced the iPhone 6S, and iPhone 6S Plus, which introduced a new technology called 3D Touch, including an increase of the rear camera to 12 MP, and the FaceTime camera to 5 MP. On March 21, 2016, Apple introduced the iPhone SE that has a 4-inch screen size last used with the 5S and has nearly the same internal hardware as the 6S. In July 2016, Apple announced that one billion iPhones had been sold. On September 7,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390482",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\niPhones in the US were iPhone 5Ss, while 0.3% were iPhone 5Cs.<ref name=\"\"cnet iP5S/C sales 1\"\"></ref> Gene Munster of Piper Jaffray reported that the line at the Fifth Avenue Apple Store contained 1,417 people on release day, compared to 1,300 for the iPhone 4 in 2010, and 549 for the iPhone 3G in 2008 on their respective release days. This was the first time that Apple launched two models simultaneously. The first-day release in China also contributed to the record sales result. On launch day, major in-stock shortages were reported in most stores, across all countries where the iPhone 5S",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20390481",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5S\"\nin contrast to the iPhone 6/6S which could better accommodate the growing consumer trend towards larger screen sizes and indeed spawned the 6/6S Plus phablet models. When Apple discontinued the iPhone 5S, it was replaced by the iPhone SE which outwardly appears almost identical to the 5S even as the SE's internal hardware has been upgraded significantly. The iPhone 5S and 5C sold over nine million units in the first three days, setting a record for first weekend smartphone sales, with the 5S selling three times more units than the 5C. After the first day of release, 1% of all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362708",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\nfor its high resolution screen surpassing that of the , which he considered to be one of the best phone screens available on the market. Stevens was critical of the new connector, which is incompatible with devices and cables that use the superseded 30-pin connector, although the \"\"LA Times\"\" reported that this was a change necessary to make the device smaller than its predecessor. Engadget agreed that Apple fulfilled most of the promises stated on its website, such as \"\"better battery performance\"\", \"\"two times the graphics performance\"\" and \"\"two times faster.\"\" David Pogue of \"\"The New York Times\"\" considered the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362717",
"chunk_text": "\"IPhone 5\"\ncombined total of Android phones in the global market. IPhone 5 The iPhone 5 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the sixth generation of the iPhone succeeding the iPhone 4S and preceding the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C. Formally unveiled as part of a press event on September 12, 2012, it was released on September 21, 2012. The iPhone 5 is the first iPhone to be announced in September and, setting a trend for subsequent iPhone releases, the first iPhone to be completely developed under the guidance of Tim Cook and the last",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_823
|
where do the signals for apoptosis come from?
|
n/a
|
[
"from other cells"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457801",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nThe two best-understood activation mechanisms are the intrinsic pathway (also called the mitochondrial pathway) and the extrinsic pathway. The \"\"intrinsic pathway\"\" is activated by intracellular signals generated when cells are stressed and depends on the release of proteins from the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The \"\"extrinsic pathway\"\" is activated by extracellular ligands binding to cell-surface death receptors, which leads to the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). A cell initiates intracellular apoptotic signaling in response to a stress, which may bring about cell suicide. The binding of nuclear receptors by glucocorticoids, heat, radiation, nutrient deprivation, viral infection, hypoxia, increased",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121286",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\n\"\"intrinsic pathway\"\" the cell kills itself because it senses cell stress, while in the \"\"extrinsic pathway\"\" the cell kills itself because of signals from other cells. Weak external signals may also activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Both pathways induce cell death by activating caspases, which are proteases, or enzymes that degrade proteins. The two pathways both activate initiator caspases, which then activate executioner caspases, which then kill the cell by degrading proteins indiscriminately. Research on apoptosis has increased substantially since the early 1990s. In addition to its importance as a biological phenomenon, defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457848",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nfactor) from the mitochondria and its translocation into the nucleus mediated by its NLS (nuclear localization signal). Inside the mitochondria, AIF is anchored to the inner membrane. In order to be released, the protein is cleaved by a calcium-dependent calpain protease. Apoptosis Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις \"\"falling off\"\") is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay. The average adult human loses between 50 and 70 billion cells each",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5288284",
"chunk_text": "\"Inhibitor of apoptosis\"\nInhibitor of apoptosis Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a highly regulated process used by many multicellular organisms. Like any regulated process, apoptosis is subject to either activation or inhibition by a variety of chemical factors. Apoptosis can be triggered through two main pathways; extrinsic and intrinsic. The extrinsic pathway mostly involves extracellular signals triggering intracellular apoptosis mechanisms by binding to receptors in the cell membrane and sending signals from the outside of the cell. Intrinsic pathways involved internal cell signaling primarily through the mitochondria. Inhibitors of apoptosis are a group of proteins that mainly act on the intrinsic pathway",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457802",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nintracellular concentration of free fatty acids and increased intracellular calcium concentration, for example, by damage to the membrane, can all trigger the release of intracellular apoptotic signals by a damaged cell. A number of cellular components, such as poly ADP ribose polymerase, may also help regulate apoptosis. Single cell fluctuations have been observed in experimental studies of stress induced apoptosis. Before the actual process of cell death is precipitated by enzymes, apoptotic signals must cause regulatory proteins to initiate the apoptosis pathway. This step allows those signals to cause cell death, or the process to be stopped, should the cell",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457803",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nno longer need to die. Several proteins are involved, but two main methods of regulation have been identified: the targeting of mitochondria functionality, or directly transducing the signal via adaptor proteins to the apoptotic mechanisms. An extrinsic pathway for initiation identified in several toxin studies is an increase in calcium concentration within a cell caused by drug activity, which also can cause apoptosis via a calcium binding protease calpain. The mitochondria are essential to multicellular life. Without them, a cell ceases to respire aerobically and quickly dies. This fact forms the basis for some apoptotic pathways. Apoptotic proteins that target",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18101018",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosome\nApoptosome The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail. In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of an apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8254804",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ncoupled to extrinsic signals. TNF path TNF-alpha is a cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, and is the major extrinsic mediator of apoptosis. Most cells in the human body have two receptors for TNF-alpha: TNFR1 and TNFR2. The binding of TNF-alpha to TNFR1 has been shown to initiate the pathway that leads to caspase activation via the intermediate membrane proteins TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) and Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD). cIAP1/2 can inhibit TNF-α signaling by binding to TRAF2. FLIP inhibits the activation of caspase-8. Binding of this receptor can also indirectly lead to the activation of transcription factors",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121297",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ninvolved in cell survival and inflammatory responses. However, signalling through TNFR1 might also induce apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner. The link between TNF-alpha and apoptosis shows why an abnormal production of TNF-alpha plays a fundamental role in several human diseases, especially in autoimmune diseases. Fas path The fas receptor (First apoptosis signal) – (also known as \"\"Apo-1\"\" or \"\"CD95\"\") is a transmembrane protein of the TNF family which binds the Fas ligand (FasL). The interaction between Fas and FasL results in the formation of the \"\"death-inducing signaling complex\"\" (DISC), which contains the FADD, caspase-8 and caspase-10. In some types of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121284",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nApoptosis Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις \"\"falling off\"\") is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay. The average adult human loses between 50 and 70 billion cells each day due to apoptosis. For an average human child between the ages of 8 to 14 year old approximately 20 to 30 billion cells die a day. In contrast to necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death that results",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14594374",
"chunk_text": "\"Fas receptor\"\nFas receptor Fas or FasR, also known as apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"\"FAS\"\" gene. The Fas receptor is a death receptor on the surface of cells that leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis). It is one of two apoptosis pathways, the other being the mitochondrial pathway. FasR is located on chromosome 10 in humans and 19 in mice. Similar sequences related by evolution (orthologs) are found in most mammals. FAS receptor is located on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457812",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ncells by phagocytes occurs in an orderly manner without eliciting an inflammatory response. During apoptosis cellular RNA and DNA are separated from each other and sorted to different apoptotic bodies; separation of RNA is initiated as nucleolar segregation. Many knock-outs have been made in the apoptosis pathways to test the function of each of the proteins. Several caspases, in addition to APAF1 and FADD, have been mutated to determine the new phenotype. In order to create a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) knockout, an exon containing the nucleotides 3704–5364 was removed from the gene. This exon encodes a portion of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18101051",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosome\napoptosome components. Recent structural studies of apoptosome may provide valuable tools for designing apoptosome-based therapies. Apoptosome The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail. In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of an apoptosome.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121285",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nfrom acute cellular injury, apoptosis is a highly regulated and controlled process that confers advantages during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the digits undergo apoptosis. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis produces cell fragments called apoptotic bodies that phagocytic cells are able to engulf and remove before the contents of the cell can spill out onto surrounding cells and cause damage to them. Because apoptosis cannot stop once it has begun, it is a highly regulated process. Apoptosis can be initiated through one of two pathways. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8254806",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ncells (type I), processed caspase-8 directly activates other members of the caspase family, and triggers the execution of apoptosis of the cell. In other types of cells (type II), the \"\"Fas\"\"-DISC starts a feedback loop that spirals into increasing release of proapoptotic factors from mitochondria and the amplified activation of caspase-8. Common components Following \"\"TNF-R1\"\" and \"\"Fas\"\" activation in mammalian cells a balance between proapoptotic (BAX, BID, BAK, or BAD) and anti-apoptotic (\"\"Bcl-Xl\"\" and \"\"Bcl-2\"\") members of the \"\"Bcl-2\"\" family are established. This balance is the proportion of proapoptotic homodimers that form in the outer-membrane of the mitochondrion. The proapoptotic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8254809",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nnervous system transforming the aquatic, vegetarian tadpole into the terrestrial, carnivorous frog. Negative regulation of apoptosis inhibits cell death signaling pathways, helping tumors to evade cell death and developing drug resistance. Many families of proteins act as negative regulators categorized into either antiapoptotic factors, such as IAPs and Bcl-2 proteins or prosurvival factors like cFLIP, BNIP3, FADD, Akt, and NF-κB. Many pathways and signals lead to apoptosis, but these converge on a single mechanism that actually causes the death of the cell. After a cell receives stimulus, it undergoes organized degradation of cellular organelles by activated proteolytic caspases. In addition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457806",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nCytochrome c is also released from mitochondria due to formation of a channel, the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC), in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and serves a regulatory function as it precedes morphological change associated with apoptosis. Once cytochrome c is released it binds with Apoptotic protease activating factor – 1 (\"\"Apaf-1\"\") and ATP, which then bind to \"\"pro-caspase-9\"\" to create a protein complex known as an apoptosome. The apoptosome cleaves the pro-caspase to its active form of caspase-9, which in turn activates the effector \"\"caspase-3\"\". MAC (not to be confused with the membrane attack complex formed by complement activation, also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12114577",
"chunk_text": "\"Programmed cell death\"\nProgrammed cell death Programmed cell death (or PCD) is the death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a biological process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and animal tissue development. Apoptosis and autophagy, both are the forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis was long seen as a non-physiological process that occurs as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2545699",
"chunk_text": "\"History of apoptosis research\"\nHistory of apoptosis research Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death. From its early conceptual beginnings in the 1950s, it has exploded as an area of research within the life sciences community. As well as its implication in many diseases, it is an integral part of biological development. Sydney Brenner's studies on animal development began in the late 1950s in what was to become the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, UK. It was at this lab that during the 1970s and 1980s, a team led by John Sulston succeeded in tracing the nematode \"\"Caenorhabditis elegans\"\" entire embryonic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13310038",
"chunk_text": "TRAIL\nTRAIL In the field of cell biology, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis. TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells. It causes apoptosis primarily in tumor cells, by binding to certain death receptors. TRAIL and its receptors have been used as the targets of several anti-cancer therapeutics since the mid-1990s, such as Mapatumumab. However, as of 2013, these have not shown significant survival benefit. TRAIL has also been implicated as a pathogenic or protective factor in various pulmonary diseases,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121303",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\napoptotic cell is disposed of, there is a process of disassembly. There are three recognized steps in apoptotic cell disassembly: The removal of dead cells by neighboring phagocytic cells has been termed efferocytosis. Dying cells that undergo the final stages of apoptosis display phagocytotic molecules, such as phosphatidylserine, on their cell surface. Phosphatidylserine is normally found on the inner leaflet surface of the plasma membrane, but is redistributed during apoptosis to the extracellular surface by a protein known as scramblase. These molecules mark the cell for phagocytosis by cells possessing the appropriate receptors, such as macrophages. The removal of dying",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121293",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nits possible action as a signal molecule of subsequent pathways that activate apoptosis. Mitochondrial proteins known as SMACs (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) are released into the cell's cytosol following the increase in permeability of the mitochondria membranes. SMAC binds to \"\"proteins that inhibit apoptosis\"\" (IAPs) thereby deactivating them, and preventing the IAPs from arresting the process and therefore allowing apoptosis to proceed. IAP also normally suppresses the activity of a group of cysteine proteases called caspases, which carry out the degradation of the cell. Therefore, the actual degradation enzymes can be seen to be indirectly regulated by mitochondrial permeability.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121287",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\na wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer. Some factors like Fas receptors and caspases promote apoptosis, while some members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins inhibit apoptosis. German scientist Karl Vogt was first to describe the principle of apoptosis in 1842. In 1885, anatomist Walther Flemming delivered a more precise description of the process of programmed cell death. However, it was not until 1965 that the topic was resurrected. While studying tissues using electron microscopy, John Foxton Ross Kerr at the University of Queensland was able",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8254803",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ncommonly denoted as MAC), also called \"\"Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization Pore\"\" is regulated by various proteins, such as those encoded by the mammalian Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptopic genes, the homologs of the \"\"ced-9\"\" gene found in \"\"C. elegans\"\". \"\"Bcl-2\"\" proteins are able to promote or inhibit apoptosis by direct action on MAC/MOMPP. Bax and/or Bak form the pore, while Bcl-2, Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 inhibit its formation. Two theories of the direct initiation of apoptotic mechanisms in mammals have been suggested: the \"\"TNF-induced\"\" (tumor necrosis factor) model and the \"\"Fas-Fas ligand-mediated\"\" model, both involving receptors of the \"\"TNF receptor\"\" (TNFR) family",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121313",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ncancer cells occur often at the level of control of transcription factors. As a particular example, defects in molecules that control transcription factor NF-κB in cancer change the mode of transcriptional regulation and the response to apoptotic signals, to curtail dependence on the tissue that the cell belongs. This degree of independence from external survival signals, can enable cancer metastasis. The tumor-suppressor protein p53 accumulates when DNA is damaged due to a chain of biochemical factors. Part of this pathway includes alpha-interferon and beta-interferon, which induce transcription of the \"\"p53\"\" gene, resulting in the increase of p53 protein level and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15436440",
"chunk_text": "\"Suicide gene\"\nthey can modulate apoptosis, so that they can control which cells live and which undergo programmed cell death. Anti-cancer drugs and radiation, for example, work by triggering apoptosis in diseased cells. Many diseases and disorders are linked with the life and death of cells—increased apoptosis is a characteristic of AIDS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, while decreased apoptosis can signal lupus or cancer. Understanding how to regulate apoptosis could be the first step to treating these conditions. Too little or too much apoptosis can play a role in many diseases. When apoptosis does not work correctly, cells that should be eliminated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121299",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nhomodimers are required to make the mitochondrial membrane permeable for the release of caspase activators such as cytochrome c and SMAC. Control of proapoptotic proteins under normal cell conditions of nonapoptotic cells is incompletely understood, but in general, Bax or Bak are activated by the activation of BH3-only proteins, part of the Bcl-2 family. Caspases Caspases play the central role in the transduction of ER apoptotic signals. Caspases are proteins that are highly conserved, cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases. There are two types of caspases: initiator caspases, caspase 2,8,9,10,11,12, and effector caspases, caspase 3,6,7. The activation of initiator caspases requires binding to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2457847",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ncell synthesizes substances to break itself down and places them in a vacuole that ruptures as the cell dies. Whether this whole process resembles animal apoptosis closely enough to warrant using the name \"\"apoptosis\"\" (as opposed to the more general \"\"programmed cell death\"\") is unclear. The characterization of the caspases allowed the development of caspase inhibitors, which can be used to determine whether a cellular process involves active caspases. Using these inhibitors it was discovered that cells can die while displaying a morphology similar to apoptosis without caspase activation. Later studies linked this phenomenon to the release of AIF (apoptosis-inducing",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5288287",
"chunk_text": "\"Inhibitor of apoptosis\"\nto Bcl-2 that binds to another protein \"\"ced-4\"\", a homolog of APAF-1 in humans, and prevents it from activating caspase \"\"ced-3\"\", which is necessary for killing of the cell. In humans APAF-1 actually doesn't interact with Bcl-2; rather it is activated by cytochrome c, the release of which from the mitochondria is regulated by Bcl-2. BAX and BAK are multidomain proapoptoic members of the Bcl-2 family that lie in the cytosol and the mitochondria, respectively. After several stimuli leading to cell death are activated, BAX also moves to the mitochondria where it carries out its functions there. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20763895",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell death\"\nnucleus. Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. It is now thought that – in a developmental context – cells are induced to positively commit suicide whilst in a homeostatic context; the absence of certain survival factors may provide the impetus for suicide. There appears to be some variation in the morphology and indeed the biochemistry of these suicide pathways; some treading the path of \"\"apoptosis\"\", others following",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8808023",
"chunk_text": "\"Signal transduction\"\nand survival; in the absence of growth factor, apoptosis ensues. Such requirements for extracellular stimulation are necessary for controlling cell behavior in unicellular and multicellular organisms; signal transduction pathways are perceived to be so central to biological processes that a large number of diseases are attributed to their disregulation. Three basic signals determine cellular growth: The combination of these signals are integrated in an altered cytoplasmic machinery which leads to altered cell behaviour. Following are some major signaling pathways, demonstrating how ligands binding to their receptors can affect second messengers and eventually result in altered cellular responses. The earliest notion",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4971602",
"chunk_text": "Necrosis\nNecrosis Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις \"\"death, the stage of dying, the act of killing\"\" from νεκρός \"\"dead\"\") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always detrimental and can be fatal. Cellular death due to necrosis",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10267335",
"chunk_text": "\"Apoptosis-inducing factor\"\nwithdrawal of growth factors indicating that it is involved in apoptosis. Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) is a protein that triggers chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation in a cell in order to induce programmed cell death. The mitochondrial AIF protein was found to be a caspase-independent death effector that can allow independent nuclei to undergo apoptotic changes. The process triggering apoptosis starts when the mitochondria releases AIF, which exits through the mitochondrial membrane, enters the cytosol, and finally ends up in the cell nucleus where it signals the cell to condense its chromosomes and fragment its DNA molecules in order to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "2457800",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nthis term. The word \"\"apoptosis\"\" () is used in Greek to describe the \"\"dropping off\"\" or \"\"falling off\"\" of petals from flowers, or leaves from trees. To show the derivation clearly, we propose that the stress should be on the penultimate syllable, the second half of the word being pronounced like \"\"ptosis\"\" (with the \"\"p\"\" silent), which comes from the same root \"\"to fall\"\", and is already used to describe the drooping of the upper eyelid.\"\" The initiation of apoptosis is tightly regulated by activation mechanisms, because once apoptosis has begun, it inevitably leads to the death of the cell.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "903066",
"chunk_text": "Parthanatos\nParthanatos Parthanatos (derived from the Greek Θάνατος, \"\"Death\"\") is a form of programmed cell death that is distinct from other cell death processes such as necrosis and apoptosis. While necrosis is caused by acute cell injury resulting in traumatic cell death and apoptosis is a highly controlled process signalled by apoptotic intracellular signals, parthanatos is caused by the accumulation of PAR and the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. Parthanatos is also known as PARP-1 dependent cell death. PARP-1 mediates parthanatos when it is over-activated in response to extreme genomic stress and synthesizes PAR which causes nuclear translocation",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121320",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\ninhibit apoptosis in various places along the death signaling pathway. Apoptosis is a multi-step, multi-pathway cell-death programme that is inherent in every cell of the body. In cancer, the apoptosis cell-division ratio is altered. Cancer treatment by chemotherapy and irradiation kills target cells primarily by inducing apoptosis. On the other hand, loss of control of cell death (resulting in excess apoptosis) can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, hematologic diseases, and tissue damage. It is of interest to note that neurons that rely on mitochondrial respiration undergo apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s (an observation known as the “Inverse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19453885",
"chunk_text": "\"Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1\"\ncIAP1 ubiquitinates RIP1 this molecule acts as a signal activating the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of this pathway stops the noncanonical one and simultaneously the apoptosis. cIAP1 is important for the activation of MAPK signaling. MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array os stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines regulating cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival or apoptosis. cIAP1 is as well implicated in innate immunity. When NOD-like receptors are activated by bacterial peptidoglycans, they oligomerize and recruit cIAP1, cIAP2, TRAF2 and RIP2. This allows",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121315",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nknown that it is also due to a decrease in cell death. The most common of these diseases is cancer, the disease of excessive cellular proliferation, which is often characterized by an overexpression of IAP family members. As a result, the malignant cells experience an abnormal response to apoptosis induction: Cycle-regulating genes (such as p53, ras or c-myc) are mutated or inactivated in diseased cells, and further genes (such as bcl-2) also modify their expression in tumors. Some apoptotic factors are vital during mitochondrial respiration e.g. cytochrome C. Pathological inactivation of apoptosis in cancer cells is correlated with frequent respiratory",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1808038",
"chunk_text": "\"Programmed cell death\"\nwith the award of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Sydney Brenner (United Kingdom), H. Robert Horvitz (US) and John E. Sulston (UK). Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. It is now thought that- in a developmental context- cells are induced to positively commit suicide whilst in a homeostatic context; the absence of certain survival factors may provide the impetus for suicide. There appears",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10267340",
"chunk_text": "\"Apoptosis-inducing factor\"\nof the AIFM1, AIFM2, AIFM3, and NDI sequences occurred before the divergence of eukaryotes. Apoptosis-inducing factor Apoptosis inducing factor is a flavoprotein. Apoptosis inducing factor is involved in initiating a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis (positive intrinsic regulator of apoptosis) by causing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. It also acts as an NADH oxidase. Another AIF function is to regulate the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane upon apoptosis. Normally it is found behind the outer membrane of the mitochondria and is therefore secluded from the nucleus. However, when the mitochondrion is damaged, it moves to the cytosol and to the nucleus.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10267334",
"chunk_text": "\"Apoptosis-inducing factor\"\nApoptosis-inducing factor Apoptosis inducing factor is a flavoprotein. Apoptosis inducing factor is involved in initiating a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis (positive intrinsic regulator of apoptosis) by causing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. It also acts as an NADH oxidase. Another AIF function is to regulate the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane upon apoptosis. Normally it is found behind the outer membrane of the mitochondria and is therefore secluded from the nucleus. However, when the mitochondrion is damaged, it moves to the cytosol and to the nucleus. Inactivation of AIF leads to resistance of embryonic stem cells to death following the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121316",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nmetabolic shifts toward glycolysis (an observation known as the “Warburg hypothesis”. Apoptosis in HeLa cells is inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate the cell cycle, but are rendered inactive when bound to an inhibitory protein. HPV E6 and E7 are inhibitory proteins expressed by the human papillomavirus, HPV being responsible for the formation of the cervical tumor from which HeLa cells are derived. HPV E6 causes p53, which regulates the cell cycle, to become inactive. HPV E7 binds to retinoblastoma tumor suppressing proteins and limits its ability to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6121310",
"chunk_text": "Apoptosis\nbeen identified yet, and only negative markers are available. These include absence of apoptotic markers (caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation) and differential kinetics of cell death markers (phosphatidylserine exposure and cell membrane permeabilization). A selection of techniques that can be used to distinguish apoptosis from necroptotic cells could be found in these references. The many different types of apoptotic pathways contain a multitude of different biochemical components, many of them not yet understood. As a pathway is more or less sequential in nature, removing or modifying one component leads to an effect in another. In a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13186711",
"chunk_text": "\"Caspase 1\"\nare dependent on the signal received as well as the sensor protein that received it. Signals that can be received by the inflammasomes include viral double stranded RNA, urea, free radicals, and other signals associated with cellular danger, even byproducts of other immune response pathways. The mature cytokines themselves do not contain the necessary sorting sequences to enter the ER-Golgi secretory pathway, and thus are not excreted from the cell by conventional methods. However, it is theorized that the release of these proinflammatory cytokines is not reliant on cellular rupture via pyroptosis, and is in fact, an active process. There",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6253383",
"chunk_text": "\"Mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel\"\nMitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel The mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (or MAC), is an early marker of the onset of apoptosis. This ion channel is formed on the outer mitochondrial membrane in response to certain apoptotic stimuli. MAC activity is detected by patch clamping mitochondria from apoptotic cells at the time of cytochrome c release. Members of the Bcl-2 protein family regulate apoptosis by controlling the formation of MAC: the pro-apoptotic members Bax and/or Bak form MAC, whereas the anti-apoptotic members like Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL prevent MAC formation. Once formed, MAC mediates the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, triggering the commitment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14594433",
"chunk_text": "\"Death-inducing signaling complex\"\nDeath-inducing signaling complex The death-inducing signaling complex or DISC is a multi-protein complex formed by members of the \"\"death receptor\"\" family of apoptosis-inducing cellular receptors. A typical example is FasR, which forms the DISC upon trimerization as a result of its ligand (FasL) binding. The DISC is composed of the death receptor, FADD, and caspase 8. It transduces a downstream signal cascade resulting in apoptosis. The Fas ligands, or cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1-associated proteins, physically associate with APO-1 (also known as the Fas receptor, or CD95), a tumor necrosis factor containing a functional death domain. This association leads to the formation of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "711934",
"chunk_text": "\"Identification of cell death\"\nand a loss of homeostatic capability. There are also mitochondrial changes which include calcium overload and activation of phospholipases leading to membrane diffusion signals, a stage of irreversible damage. The secondary stage involves swelling of the lysosome, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, a leakage of enzymes and proteins and a loss of compartmentalization. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. It is considered a vital component of various processes of life including normal cell turnover, proper development and functioning of the immune system, hormone dependent atrophy, embryonic development and chemical-induced cell",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789199",
"chunk_text": "Caspase\nfunctions in apoptosis well characterised. This is a form of programmed cell death, occurring widely during development, and throughout life to maintain cell homeostasis. Activation of Caspases ensures that the cellular components are degraded in a controlled manner, carrying out cell death with minimal effect on surrounding tissues. Caspases have other identified roles in programmed cell death such as pyroptosis and necroptosis. These forms of cell death are important for protecting an organism from stress signals and pathogenic attack. Caspases also have a role in inflammation, whereby it directly processes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL1β. These are signalling molecules that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5506097",
"chunk_text": "\"History of apoptosis research\"\nand both pointed out the possibility that cell death might be regulated. Their observations helped to lead later work toward the genetic pathways of programmed cell death. In a signal article published in 1972, John F. Kerr, Andrew H. Wyllie and A. R. Currie, coined the term \"\"apoptosis\"\" in order to differentiate naturally occurring developmental cell death, from the necrosis that results from acute tissue injury. They adopted the Greek word for the process of leaves falling from trees or petals falling from flowers. The word apoptosis is a combination of the prefix 'apo' and the root 'ptosis'. Apo means",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18790248",
"chunk_text": "\"Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1\"\ngastric cancer among others. The ubication of cIAP1 is diverse depending on the phase of the living cycle of the cell. In healthy cells the protein is usually found in the nucleus. This was experimentally determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionations methods. However, when the cell is apoptotic nuclear export of cIAP1 is induced provoking an increase in the cytosolic concentration of the protein. When a cell is tumorous it does not cease to proliferate inhibiting the apoptosis, as a result, in cancerous cells cIAP1 is rarely located in the cytoplasm. In case of dividing cells, cIAP1 is released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_824
|
who made delhi as capital for the first time?
|
n/a
|
[
"the Pandavas"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10759536",
"chunk_text": "\"New Delhi\"\nNew Delhi New Delhi () is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India. The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin. Although colloquially \"\"Delhi\"\" and \"\"New Delhi\"\" are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), these are two distinct",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "6801505",
"chunk_text": "Delhi\ngiven in 1927, and the new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931. New Delhi, also known as \"\"Lutyens' Delhi\"\", was officially declared as the capital of the Union of India after the country gained independence on 15 August 1947. During the partition of India, thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees, mainly from West Punjab fled to Delhi, while many Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan. Migration to Delhi from the rest of India continues (), contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining. The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "10656827",
"chunk_text": "Delhi\nfounded the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi and Agra. The Mughal dynasty ruled Delhi for more than three centuries, with a sixteen-year hiatus during the reigns of Sher Shah Suri and Hemu from 1540 to 1556. In 1553, the Hindu king Hemu acceded to the throne of Delhi by defeating forces of Mughal Emperor Humayun at Agra and Delhi. However, the Mughals re-established their rule after Akbar's army defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556. Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi that bears his name \"\"Shahjahanabad\"\", which served as the capital of the Mughal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19489631",
"chunk_text": "\"Gates of Delhi\"\nRed Fort. Delhi has been capital of India for more than 1000 years. New Delhi became the capital of India in 1912. The second medieval city of Siri Fort was built during the rule of Ala-ud-Din Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate with the major objective of protecting the city from the onslaught of the Mongols. The city, when built with an oval plan, was best described as presenting an embodiment of richness with palaces and other structures and had seven gates for entry and exit. But, at present, only the Southeastern gate exists, also in ruins (pictured). The destruction of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12296503",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nBCE) was discovered near Sriniwaspuri. Two sandstone pillars inscribed with the edicts of Ashoka were brought to by Firuz Shah Tughluq in the 14th century. History of Delhi The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12296481",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nthe Qutb Minar and its surrounding monuments and the Tughlaqabad Fort. During this time, the city became a center for culture. The Delhi Sultanate came to an end in 1526, when Babur defeated the forces of the last sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi at the first Battle of Panipat, and formed the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire would rule the area for three centuries. During the 16th century, the city declined as the Mughal capital was shifted. The fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the walled city of Shahjahanabad within Delhi, and its landmarks, the Red Fort and Jama Masjid.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12296501",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nin 1857 after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The city received significant damage during the 1857 siege. Afterwards, the last titular Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II was exiled to Rangoon and the remaining Mughal territories were annexed as a part of British India. Calcutta was declared the capital of British India but in 1911 at the Delhi Durbar of 1911, held at the Coronation Park, King George V announced the shifting of the capital back to Delhi. Parts of the old city were New Delhi, a monumental new quarter of the city designed by the British architect Edwin Lutyens",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4314215",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nand their other territories, ending the short-lived rebellion. This also marked the beginning of direct British Rule in India. In 1911, the capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to New Delhi, the last inner city of Delhi designed by Edwin Lutyens. After India's Independence from the British, New Delhi became the capital of the newly formed Republic of India. It is popularly said that Delhi was the site for a total of seven different cities between 3000 BCE and the 17th century BCE, although taking smaller towns and strongholds into account, as many as 15 settlements can be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3715746",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nand transplanted to Delhi during the 10th century. In 1398, Timur Lang invaded India on the pretext that the Muslim sultans of Delhi were too tolerant of their Hindu subjects. After defeating the armies of Nasiruddin Mahmud of Tughlaq dynasty, on 15 December 1398, Timur entered Delhi on 18 December 1398, and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, and over 100,000 war prisoners were killed as well. In 1526, following the First Battle of Panipat, Zahiruddin Babur, the former ruler of Fergana, defeated the last Afghan Lodi sultan and founded the Mughal dynasty which ruled from Delhi,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3715744",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nPithora. The Chauhan king Prithviraj III was defeated in 1192 by Muhammad Ghori. From 1206, Delhi became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate under the Slave Dynasty. The first Sultan of Delhi, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, was a former slave who rose through the ranks to become a general, a governor and then Sultan of Delhi. Qutb-ud-din started the construction of the Qutub Minar, a recognisable symbol of Delhi, to commemorate his victory but died before its completion. In the Qutb complex he also constructed the Quwwat-al-Islam (might of Islam), which is the earliest extant mosque in India. He was said to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10759539",
"chunk_text": "\"New Delhi\"\nis in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894. During the Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911, George V, then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his consort, made the announcement that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12296497",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nmid-17th century, the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) built the city that sometimes bears his name Shahjahanabad, the seventh city of Delhi that is more commonly known as the old city or old Delhi. This city contains a number of significant architectural features, including the Red Fort (\"\"Lal Qila\"\") and the Jama Masjid. The old city served as the capital of the later Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards, when Shah Jahan transferred the capital back from Agra. Aurangzeb (1658–1707) crowned himself as emperor in Delhi in 1658 at the Shalimar garden ('Aizzabad-Bagh) with a second coronation in 1659. After 1680,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10656831",
"chunk_text": "Delhi\nas the emperor. In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi fell to the forces of East India Company after a bloody fight known as the Siege of Delhi. The city came under the direct control of the British Government in 1858. It was made a district province of the Punjab. In 1911, it was announced that the capital of British held territories in India was to be transferred from Calcutta to Delhi. The name \"\"New Delhi\"\" was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18607802",
"chunk_text": "\"Government of Delhi\"\non 1 October 1956. Its legislative assembly was re-established in the year of 1993, after the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 came into force, followed by the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991 the Sixty-ninth Amendment to the Constitution of India, declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. The first Chief minister of Delhi was Ch. Braham Prakash (INC) and the first women CM was Sushma Swaraj of BJP. Guru Radha Kishan (CPI) had the rare distinction of representing his constituency in MCD (DMC initially) for most years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4314221",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nmaking the blood of their enemies flow. Indra himself praises this country. The capital of this country is Dhilli. जहिं असिवर तोडिय रिउ कवालु, णरणाहु पसिद्धउ अणंगवालु ||<br> वलभर कम्पाविउ णायरायु, माणिणियण मणसंजनीय || Translation: The ruler Anangapal is famous, he can slay his enemies with his sword. The weight (of the Iron pillar) caused the Nagaraj to shake. A VS 1383 inscription in Delhi Museum confirms the founding of Delhi by the Tomars: देशोऽस्ति हरियानाख्यो पॄथिव्यां स्वर्गसन्निभः |<br> ढिल्लिकाख्या पुरी तत्र तोमरैरस्ति निर्मिता || Prithviraj Raso also confirms the founding by the Tomars and the legend of the loose",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nconsidered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The Delhi Sultanate is the name given for a series of five successive dynasties, who ruled North India with Delhi as their capital. The rule of the Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak. The relics of the Delhi Sultanate include",
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"chunk_text": "\"Old Delhi\"\nOld Delhi Old Delhi or Purani Dilli was founded as a walled city of Delhi, India, founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639, when Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor at the time, decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857, when the British Raj took over a paramount power in India. It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Old Delhi\"\nOld Delhi Old Delhi or Purani Dilli was founded as a walled city of Delhi, India, founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639, when Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor at the time, decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857, when the British Raj took over a paramount power in India. It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated,",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nAgra and Lahore. In the mid-16th century there was an interruption in the Mughal rule of India as Sher Shah Suri defeated Babur's son Humayun and forced him to flee to Persia. Sher Shah Suri built the sixth city of Delhi, as well as the old fort known as Purana Qila, even though this city was settled since the ancient era. After Sher Shah Suri’s death in 1545, his son Islam Shah took the reins of north India from Delhi. Islam Shah ruled from Delhi till 1553 when Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, became the Prime Minister",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nand Chief of Army of Adil Shah. Hem Chandra fought and won 22 battles in all against rebels and twice against Akbar's army in Agra and Delhi, without losing any. After defeating Akbar's army on 7 October 1556 at Tughlakabad fort area in Battle of Delhi (1556), Hemu acceded to Delhi throne and established Hindu Raj in North India for a brief period, and was bestowed with the title 'Vikramaditya', at his coronation in Purana Quila, Delhi. The third and greatest Mughal emperor, Akbar, moved the capital to Agra, resulting in a decline in the fortunes of Delhi. In the",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nand his Rohilla Afghan army in the Second Battle of Delhi. Thus, the Marathas established full control over the city. In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Third Battle of Delhi, ending the Maratha rule over the city. As a result, Delhi came under the control of British East India Company, and became a part of the North-Western Provinces. The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was a ruler only in name, and did not rule over any territory. Delhi passed into the direct control of British Government",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nto house the government buildings was inaugurated in 1931 after its construction was delayed due to World War I. New Delhi was officially declared as the seat of the Government of India after independence in 1947. During the Partition of India thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees from West Punjab migrated to Delhi, and subsequently settled in North and West Delhi areas, while Hindus from East Pakistan, settled in the late 1960s at EPDP Colony (EPDP: East Pakistan Displaced Persons) in South Delhi, later named Chittaranjan Park in the 1980s. In 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (273-236",
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "10656822",
"chunk_text": "Delhi\ncities have been discovered in Delhi. The first five cities were in the southern part of present-day Delhi. King Anang Pal of the Tomara dynasty founded the city of Lal Kot in AD 736. Prithviraj Chauhan conquered Lal Kot in 1178 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The king Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated in 1192 by Muhammad Ghori, a Muslim invader from Afghanistan, who made a concerted effort to conquer northern India. By 1200, native Hindu resistance had begun to crumble, the dominance of foreign Turkic Muslim dynasties in north India was to last for the next five centuries. The",
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"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Tughlaqabad\"\nthe Delhi Sultanate, the city of Delhi had acquired the reputation of being the political centre of India. No ruler could be considered to truly hold sway over \"\"Hindustan\"\" until he had control of Delhi. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, called it the \"\"capital of all Hindustan\"\", and his son and successor, Humayun, constructed his Din Panah at its outskirts. Humayun, however, lost his inheritance when he was chased out of India by Sher Shah Suri who established the Sur Empire in 1540. Delhi and Agra fell into Sher Shah's hands and he razed Din Panah and built",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nHistory of Delhi The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest-serving capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is",
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"chunk_text": "Delhi\na Mughal puppet ruler in nominal control. The Marathas again occupied Delhi in 1758, and were in control until their defeat in 1761 at the third battle of Panipat when the city was captured again by Ahmad Shah. However, in 1771, the Marathas established a protectorate over Delhi when the Maratha ruler, Mahadji Shinde, recaptured Delhi and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was installed as a puppet ruler in 1772. In 1783, Sikhs under Baghel Singh captured Delhi and Red Fort but due to the treaty signed, Sikhs withdrew from Red Fort and agreed to restore Shah Alam II",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10656821",
"chunk_text": "Delhi\nwas probably inhabited before the second millennium BCE and there is evidence of continuous inhabitation since at least the 6th century BCE. The city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic \"\"Mahabharata\"\". According to the Mahabharata, this land was initially a huge mass of forests called 'Khandavaprastha' which was burnt down to build the city of Indraprastha. The earliest architectural relics date back to the Maurya period (c. 300 BCE); in 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (273–235 BCE) was discovered near Srinivaspuri. Remains of eight major",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\ninitial Muslim invaders as Yavanas. Hindu texts state that the city of Delhi used to be referred to in Sanskrit as \"\"Hasthinapur\"\", which means \"\"elephant-city\"\". The name Delhi may be derived from the word 'Dhillika', though there are other theories. According to Satyarth Prakash (1874) of Swami Dayanand, Raja Dhilu (King Dihlu) founded ancient Delhi in 800 BCE. It was the name of the first medieval township of Delhi, located on the southwestern border of the present Delhi, in Mehrauli. This was the first in the series of seven medieval cities. It is also known as Yoginipura, that is, the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gates of Delhi\"\nside was constructed only in 1854–55 by Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mogul ruler of India. The gate was built in brick masonry with moderate use of red sandstone. The fort was used during the Uprising in 1857 and also as prison, which housed Zebunnisa, daughter of Aurangzeb; the British imprisoned the freedom fighters of Indian National Army. The layout of the Red Fort was organized to retain and integrate this site with the Salimgarh Fort through the Bahadur Shah Gate. Delhi became the capital of British India after the seat of power was shifted from Calcutta in 1911. With",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Delhi (1757)\"\nBattle of Delhi (1757) The Battle of Delhi, 1757, also referred to as the Second Battle of Delhi, was a battle fought on 11 August 1757 between Maratha Empire under the command of Raghunath Rao and Rohillas under Najib-ud-Daula, who was under the Afghan suzerainty. The battle was waged by the Marathas for the control of Delhi, the former Mughal capital which was now under the control of Rohilla chief Najib-ud-Daula, as a consequence of fourth invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali. Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded North India for the fourth time in early 1757. He entered Delhi in January 1757",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nthe Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the Hindu Maratha Empire rose to prominence. In 1737, Bajirao I marched towards Delhi with a huge army. The Marathas defeated the Mughals in the First Battle of Delhi. The Maratha forces sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals. In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the huge Battle of Karnal in less than three hours against the numerically outnumbered but military superior Persian army led by Nader Shah during his invasion after which he completely sacked and looted Delhi, the Mughal capital, followed by massacre for 2 days, killing over 30,000 civilians",
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"chunk_text": "Delhi\n\"\"States Reorganisation Act, 1956\"\" created the Union Territory of Delhi from the its predecessor the \"\"Chief Commissioner's Province of Delhi\"\". The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though with limited powers. In December 2001, the Parliament of India building in New Delhi was attacked by armed militants, killing six security personnel. India suspected Pakistan-based militant groups were behind the attack, which caused a major diplomatic crisis between the two countries. There were further",
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"chunk_text": "\"Siege of Delhi\"\nSiege of Delhi The Siege of Delhi was one of the decisive conflicts of the Indian rebellion of 1857. The rebellion against the authority of the East India Company was widespread through much of Northern India, but essentially it was sparked by the mass uprising by the sepoys of the units of the Army which the company had itself raised in its Bengal Presidency (which actually covered a vast area from Assam to Peshawar). Seeking a symbol around which to rally, the first sepoys to rebel sought to reinstate the power of the Mughal Empire, which had ruled much of",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nof Painted Grey Ware were found on the surface, suggesting an even older settlement, possibly going back to ca. 1000 BCE. According to Indian folklore, Delhi was the site of the magnificent and opulent Indraprastha, capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata, founded around 3500 BC. It was, one of the five \"\"prasthas\"\" or `plains', which included Sonepat, Panipat, Tilpat (near Faridabad), and Baghpat. 16th-century, Persian historian, Firishta, recorded a tradition that Delhi or Dilli was founded by a Raja Dhilu before the Yavana (Greek) invasions. However, it should be noted that the kings then referred to the",
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"chunk_text": "Delhi\nis derived from \"\"Dhillu\"\" or \"\"Dilu\"\", a king who built a city at this location in 50 BC and named it after himself. Another legend holds that the name of the city is based on the Hindi/Prakrit word \"\"dhili\"\" (\"\"loose\"\") and that it was used by the Tomaras to refer to the city because the iron pillar of Delhi had a weak foundation and had to be moved. The coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called \"\"dehliwal\"\". According to the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nand carrying away immense wealth including the Peacock Throne, the Daria-i-Noor, and Koh-i-Noor. Nader eventually agreed to leave the city and India after forcing the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah I to beg him for mercy and granting him the keys of the city and the royal treasury. A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the Mughal throne at Delhi. Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded North India for the fourth time in early 1757. He entered Delhi in January 1757 and kept the Mughal emperor under arrest. In August 1757, the Marathas once again attacked Delhi, decisively defeating Najib-ud-Daula",
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"chunk_text": "\"New Delhi\"\nKingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker, both leading 20th-century British architects. The contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad fort, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort. Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed \"\"Lutyens' Delhi\"\" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by",
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"chunk_text": "\"New Delhi\"\nBritish goods, which forced the colonial government to reunite Bengal and immediately shift the capital to New Delhi. Old Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi, which",
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"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Delhi (1757)\"\nhis fifth invasion. Battle of Delhi (1757) The Battle of Delhi, 1757, also referred to as the Second Battle of Delhi, was a battle fought on 11 August 1757 between Maratha Empire under the command of Raghunath Rao and Rohillas under Najib-ud-Daula, who was under the Afghan suzerainty. The battle was waged by the Marathas for the control of Delhi, the former Mughal capital which was now under the control of Rohilla chief Najib-ud-Daula, as a consequence of fourth invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali. Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded North India for the fourth time in early 1757. He entered Delhi",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nHis reign would be considered the zenith of the empire. After the death of his successor Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire was plagued by a series of revolts. They lost major portions to the Maratha and Sikh empires, and Delhi was sacked and looted by Nader Shah. In 1803, the Delhi was captured by the British East India Company. During Company Rule in India, the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II was reduced to merely a figurehead. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 sought to end company rule and declared Bahadur Shah II the Emperor of India. However, the British soon recaptured Delhi",
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"chunk_text": "Delhi\nslave general of Ghori, Qutb-ud-din Aibak was given the responsibility of governing the conquered territories of India and then Ghori returned to his capital, Ghor. He died in 1206 AD. He had no heirs and so his generals declared themselves independent in different parts of his empire. Qutb-ud-din assumed control of Ghori's Indian possessions. He laid the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mamluk dynasty. He began construction of the Qutb Minar and Quwwat-al-Islam (Might of Islam) mosque, the earliest extant mosque in India. It was his successor, Iltutmish (1211–36), who consolidated the Turkic conquest of northern India. Razia",
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"chunk_text": "Delhi\nEmpire from 1638 and is today known as the \"\"Old City\"\" or \"\"Old Delhi\"\". After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the Hindu Maratha Empire from Deccan Plateau rose to prominence. In 1737, Maratha forces sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals in the First Battle of Delhi. In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the huge Battle of Karnal in less than three hours against the numerically outnumbered but militarily superior Persian army led by Nader Shah of Persia. After his invasion, he completely sacked and looted Delhi, carrying away immense wealth",
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"chunk_text": "\"Jai Singh II\"\nthe British by the early 20th century), the planned city, later became the capital as the Indian state of Rajasthan. Construction of the new capital began as early as 1725 although it was in 1727 that the foundation stone was ceremonially laid, and by 1733 Jaipur officially replaced Amber as capital of the Kachawahas. Built on the ancient Hindu grid pattern, found in the archaeological ruins of 3000 BCE, it was designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya who was educated in the ancient Sanskrit manuals (\"\"silpa-sutras\"\") on city-planning and architecture. Merchants from all over India settled down in the relative safety of",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Delhi\"\nrest are not officially identified as Cities of Delhi because of some specific reasons. Significant prehistoric sites in Delhi include Anangpur (in the Badarpur region), as well as Harappan excavations near Narela and Nand Nagari. References to Delhi's history in ancient literature are based on myths and legends. According to the Hindu epic Mahabharata, a city called Indraprastha, “\"\"City of the God Indra\"\"”, was the capital of the Pandavas. There is a strong belief that Purana Qila was built over the site of ancient Indraprastha. Northern Black Polished Ware (c. 700-200 BCE) have been excavated at the site, and pieces",
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"chunk_text": "Delhi\nSultan, daughter of Iltutmish, succeeded him as the Sultan of Delhi. She is the first and only woman to rule over Delhi. For the next three hundred years, Delhi was ruled by a succession of Turkic and an Afghan, Lodi dynasty. They built several forts and townships that are part of the seven cities of Delhi. Delhi was a major centre of Sufism during this period. The Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi) was overthrown in 1290 by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1320). Under the second Khalji ruler, Ala-ud-din Khalji, the Delhi sultanate extended its control south of the Narmada River in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Delhi Sultanate\"\nIndia by other accounts, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered the transfer of his capital from Delhi to Devagiri in modern-day Maharashtra (renaming it to Daulatabad), by forcing the mass migration of Delhi's population. Those who refused were killed. One blind person who failed to move to Daulatabad was dragged for the entire journey of 40 days - the man died, his body fell apart, and only his tied leg reached Daulatabad. The capital move failed because Daulatabad was arid and did not have enough drinking water to support the new capital. The capital then returned to Delhi. Nevertheless, Muhammad bin Tughlaq's",
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"chunk_text": "Agra\nit. Sultan Sikandar Lodī (1488–1517) was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in 1517 and his son, Ibrāhīm Lodī, remained in power there for nine more years and several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. Between 1540 and 1556, Afghans, beginning with Sher Shah Suri ruled the area. It was the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1556",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14641542",
"chunk_text": "Babur\nAt that time, the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty, whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy, led by Rana Sanga of Mewar. According to historical records and Baburnama (Babur's autobiography), Daulat Khan Lodi invited him to attack Delhi where Ibrahim Lodi was ruling at that time. He sent his ambassador to him to support him in his attack on Delhi. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 CE and founded the Mughal empire. However, he again faced opposition, this time from",
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"chunk_text": "\"Siege of Delhi\"\nnew commander in chief. Bakht Khan was able to replenish the city's finances and inspire the rebel soldiers to renewed efforts. Bahadur Shah however, was growing discouraged, and turned away offers of assistance from other rebel leaders. In one vital area of India, the Punjab (which had been annexed by the East India Company only eight years before), the Bengal Native units were quickly disarmed to prevent them rebelling, or were defeated when they did rebel. Most of the available Company units were stationed there, along with units of the Punjab Irregular Force which were formed from Sikhs and Pakhtuns",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Delhi Sultanate\"\nIslamic world. Muhammad of Ghor sought a Sunni Islamic kingdom of his own extending east of the Indus river, and he thus laid the foundation for the Muslim kingdom called the Delhi Sultanate. Some historians chronicle the Delhi Sultanate from 1192 due to the presence and geographical claims of Muhammad Ghori in South Asia by that time. Ghori was assassinated in 1206, by Ismāʿīlī Shia Muslims in some accounts or by Hindu Khokhars in others. After the assassination, one of Ghori's slaves (or mamluks, Arabic: مملوك), the Turkic Qutb al-Din Aibak, assumed power, becoming the first Sultan of Delhi. Qutb",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_825
|
what was the first capital city of australia?
|
n/a
|
[
"New South Wales",
"Melbourne",
"Sydney"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "499250",
"chunk_text": "Canberra\nCanberra Canberra (, ) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 410,301, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a Canberran. Although Canberra is the capital and seat of government, many federal government ministries have secondary seats in state capital cities, as do the Governor-General and the Prime Minister. The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as",
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"chunk_text": "Hobart\nHobart Hobart () is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. With a population of approximately 225,000 (over 40% of Tasmania's population), it is the least populated Australian state capital city. Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony, Hobart, formerly known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. Prior to British settlement, the Hobart area had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years, by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe, a sub-group of the Nuennone, or South-East tribe. The descendants of these Aboriginal Tasmanians",
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "19812698",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Canberra\"\nRush at the time, Melbourne was Australia's largest city and a potential place for the capital. However Sydney was Australia's oldest city, and so also had a justifiable claim to host the new nation's Federal polity. Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria, Melbourne's state of location —supported Melbourne. However, New South Wales (the largest colony) and its neighbouring northern state, Queensland, favoured Sydney. Perhaps one or another of the two colonial capitals might have eventually been acceptable to the smaller states, but the Sydney–Melbourne rivalry was such that neither city would ever agree to the other one becoming the capital.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
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"chunk_id": "12998011",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital city\"\nof Australia are Adelaide; Brisbane; Hobart; Melbourne; Perth; and Sydney. In Australia, the term \"\"capital cities\"\" is regularly used to refer to the aforementioned state capitals plus the federal capital Canberra and Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory. Abu Dhabi is the capital city of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the United Arab Emirates overall. In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent nations, such as the United Kingdom or the Kingdom of Denmark, each will usually have its own capital city. Unlike in federations, there is usually not a separate national capital, but rather the capital city",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_id": "5043335",
"chunk_text": "\"Planned community\"\nextensive as Adelaide's, and the city rapidly outgrew its original boundaries. As such, it is often not considered to be a planned city, but the grid continues to define much of the character of the Melbourne city centre. Canberra, established in 1908, was planned as the capital city of Australia and is Australia's most notable and ambitious example of civic planning. The city was designed to be the Federal Capital following the federation of the six Australian colonies which formed the Commonwealth of Australia. The new nation required a capital that was located away from other major settlements such as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "3401639",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Sydney\"\nlater. Demand for infrastructure to support the growing population and subsequent economic activity led to massive improvements to the city's railway and port systems throughout the 1850s and 1860s. After a period of rapid growth, further discoveries of gold in Victoria began drawing new residents away from Sydney towards Melbourne and a great rivalry began to grow between the two cities. The rivalry culminated as Australia moved to become a federation and both Melbourne and Sydney lobbied to be officially recognised as the capital city (a dispute settled with the creation of a new city, Canberra, instead). The first government",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "13490943",
"chunk_text": "\"Seat of Government Act 1908\"\nSeat of Government Act 1908 The Seat of Government Act 1908 was enacted by the Australian Government on 14 December 1908. The act selected the Yass-Queanbeyan region as the site for Canberra, the new capital city of Australia. The act repealed the earlier \"\"Seat of Government Act 1904\"\" which had previously selected a site at Dalgety for the new capital. The actual creation of the Federal Capital Territory (now Australian Capital Territory) did not occur until after Charles Robert Scrivener had surveyed the area and defined a potential border. The \"\"Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909\"\" and \"\"Seat of Government",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"chunk_id": "3130465",
"chunk_text": "\"Government House, Canberra\"\nthe area that was named as Canberra in 1913 was chosen to be the site of the future capital city of Australia — and 910 square miles (2,358 square kilometres) of land excised from the state of New South Wales (NSW) to form the Australian Capital Territory — the Commonwealth Government compulsorily acquired Yarralumla Station, a large pastoral property dating from the 1830s. Yarralumla's existing brick house, which had begun life as a rural homestead and family home, was subsequently renovated, enlarged and transformed into a vice-regal residence. Due to the First World War and the adverse post-war economic conditions",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Australian Capital Territory\"\ncapital. Early advocate for Australian federation, John Dunmore Lang, backed Sydney, but Henry Parkes, a prominent New South Wales politician and Premier, proposed the capital be founded on \"\"neutral ground\"\", nominating the town of Albury as a location. (Albury was located in New South Wales, yet its position on the Murray River placed it on the border between New South Wales and Victoria). In 1898, a referendum on a proposed Constitution was held in four of the colonies – New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. Although the referendum achieved a majority in all four colonies, the New South",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_id": "285781",
"chunk_text": "Australia\ndominion of the British Empire. The Federal Capital Territory (later renamed the Australian Capital Territory) was formed in 1911 as the location for the future federal capital of Canberra. Melbourne was the temporary seat of government from 1901 to 1927 while Canberra was being constructed. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the federal parliament in 1911. In 1914, Australia joined Britain in fighting World War I, with support from both the outgoing Commonwealth Liberal Party and the incoming Australian Labor Party. Australians took part in many of the major battles fought on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "11724872",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian Capital Territory\"\nAustralian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (ACT; known as the Federal Capital Territory until 1938) is Australia's federal district, located in the south-east of the country and enclaved within the state of New South Wales. It contains Canberra, the capital city of Australia. Geographically, the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east, the watershed of Naas Creek in the south, the watershed of the Cotter River in the west, and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east. These boundaries were set to give the ACT an adequate water supply. The Jervis Bay Territory,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "5595719",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Australian Capital Territory\"\nHistory of the Australian Capital Territory The history of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) as a separate administrative division began in 1911, when it was transferred from New South Wales to the Australian federal government. The territory contains Australia's capital city Canberra and various smaller settlements. Until 1989, it also administered the Jervis Bay Territory, a small coastal region. Indigenous Australians have lived in the present-day ACT for at least 20,000 years. The area formed the traditional lands of the Ngambri people and several other linguistic groups. It was incorporated into the Colony of New South Wales with British settlement",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "10007361",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Australia\"\nthe proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927). The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the Commonwealth in 1911. Australia was deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, particularly due to its heavy dependence on exports, especially primary products such as wool and wheat. Exposed by continuous borrowing to fund capital works in the 1920s, the Australian and state governments were \"\"already far from secure in 1927, when most economic indicators",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "14799892",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Australia (1901–45)\"\nown right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia. This achieved federation of the colonies after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. The Commonwealth of Australia was now a dominion of the British Empire. The Federal Capital Territory (later renamed the Australian Capital Territory) was formed in 1911 as the location for the future federal capital of Canberra. Melbourne was the temporary seat of government from 1901 to 1927 while Canberra was being constructed. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the federal parliament in 1911. In 1931, the Parliament of Britain",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "3401615",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Sydney\"\nHistory of Sydney The History of Sydney begins in prehistoric times with the occupation of the district by Australian Aborigines, whose ancestors came to Sydney in the Upper Paleolithic period. The modern history of the city began with the arrival of a First Fleet of British ships in 1788 and the foundation of a penal colony by Great Britain. From 1788 to 1900 Sydney was the capital of the British colony of New South Wales. An elected city council was established in 1840. In 1900, Sydney became a state capital, when New South Wales voted to join the Australian Federation.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2654422",
"chunk_text": "\"Seat of Government Act 1908\"\nSurrender Act 1909\"\" transferred the land from the state of New South Wales to the Commonwealth to create the territory. The new territory's laws were created through the \"\"Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910\"\". Seat of Government Act 1908 The Seat of Government Act 1908 was enacted by the Australian Government on 14 December 1908. The act selected the Yass-Queanbeyan region as the site for Canberra, the new capital city of Australia. The act repealed the earlier \"\"Seat of Government Act 1904\"\" which had previously selected a site at Dalgety for the new capital. The actual creation of the Federal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "6529958",
"chunk_text": "Canberra\nhas the highest rate with internet access at home (94 per cent of households in 2014–15). Canberra is twinned with: Canberra Canberra (, ) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 410,301, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a Canberran. Although Canberra is the capital and seat of government, many federal government ministries have secondary seats in state capital cities, as do the Governor-General",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "20810196",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital Hill, Australian Capital Territory\"\nthe six states, the capital of the Northern Territory and the capital of New Zealand. Before the name Wellington Avenue was gazetted, it was realised that New Zealand was not going to become part of a Confederation of Australasia and the name was replaced by Canberra Avenue. Griffin planned that the state capital city avenues were terminated with a park named after the generic botanical name for a native plant from that particular site; for example, Telopea Park is named after the waratah, the floral emblem of New South Wales, and is at the end of Sydney Avenue, named after",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "8481235",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Australia (1901–45)\"\ncomprising 6,677 hectares, in 1915. The external territories were added: Norfolk Island (1914); Ashmore Island, Cartier Islands (1931); the Australian Antarctic Territory transferred from Britain (1933); Heard Island, McDonald Islands, and Macquarie Island transferred to Australia from Britain (1947). The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was formed from New South Wales in 1911 to provide a location for the proposed new federal capital of Canberra (Melbourne was the seat of government from 1901 to 1927. The FCT was renamed the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 1938.) The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian government to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "5683823",
"chunk_text": "\"History of New South Wales\"\nthe Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 following a vote to Federate with the other British colonies of Australia. Through the 20th century, the state was a major destination for an increasingly diverse collection of migrants from many nations. In the 21st century, the state is the most populous in Australia, and its capital, Sydney is a major financial capital and host to international cultural and economic events. The first people to occupy the area now known as New South Wales were Australian Aborigines. Their presence in Australia began around 40,000–60,000 years ago with the arrival of the first of their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
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{
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"chunk_id": "10651754",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian regional rivalries\"\nserve as the seat of government on a temporary basis, while the permanent capital of the new Commonwealth must be located within the area of New South Wales but at least 100 miles from Sydney. This city became Canberra. Melbourne operated as the \"\"de facto\"\" capital city from 1901 until 1927, when Canberra's historic Parliament House was opened, remaining in use until it was replaced with the current Parliament House in 1988. Various Commonwealth governmental bodies continued to operate principally from Sydney or Melbourne after 1927. Most civil service departments were moved to Canberra in the 1950s, and the High",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "5473068",
"chunk_text": "\"Dalgety, New South Wales\"\nplace between white settlers and local Aborigines, who would camp along the river bank on the way to the Snowy Mountains. The Thaua people and Ngarigo people lived in this area seasonally. In 1903 a Federal Royal Commission named Dalgety as the location for Australia's national capital city. The choice was based on criteria including climate, food supply, land ownership and ability to support major industries, and was formalised in the \"\"Seat of Government Act 1904\"\". In an early demonstration of Sydney-Melbourne rivalry, the decision was immediately opposed by the Parliament of New South Wales which argued that Dalgety was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "6529896",
"chunk_text": "Canberra\nthe Governor-General of Australia—from the 1830s through to 1881. The oldest surviving public building in the inner-city is the Anglican Church of St John the Baptist, in the suburb of Reid, which was consecrated in 1845. St John's churchyard contains the earliest graves in the district. As the European presence increased, the indigenous population dwindled, mainly from disease such as smallpox and measles. The district's change from a rural area in New South Wales to the national capital started during debates over Federation in the late 19th century. Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "1697047",
"chunk_text": "\"Parliament House, Canberra\"\nand other ministers. In 1901, when the six British colonies in Australia federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne and Sydney were the two largest cities in the country, but the long history of rivalry between them meant that neither could become the national capital. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia therefore provided that: The seat of Government of the Commonwealth shall be determined by the Parliament, and shall be within territory which shall have been granted to or acquired by the Commonwealth, and shall be vested in and belong to the Commonwealth, and shall be in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Australia\"\nmainland. In 1826, the British claim was extended to the whole Australian continent when Major Edmund Lockyer established a settlement on King George Sound (the basis of the later town of Albany), but the eastern border of Western Australia remained unchanged at longitude 129° East. In 1824, a penal colony was established near the mouth of the Brisbane River (the basis of the later colony of Queensland). In 1829, the Swan River Colony and its capital of Perth were founded on the west coast proper and also assumed control of King George Sound. Initially a free colony, Western Australia later",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "3485242",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Australian Capital Territory\"\n– provided that a new national capital should be built at a site determined by Federal Parliament. It had to be within the state of New South Wales, but at least away from Sydney. The \"\"Seat of Government Act 1908\"\" fixed Canberra as the site of the new capital, and the surrounding region was formally ceded to the federal government on 1 January 1911. It was originally known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), adopting its current name in 1938. American architect Walter Burley Griffin won the competition to design the new city, and was appointed to oversee its construction.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Australian Capital Territory\"\nthe settlement communities. The Ngunnawal people were subsequently often considered to be \"\"extinct\"\"; however, in a situation parallel to that of the Tasmanian Aborigines, people with claims to Ngunnawal ancestry continue to identify themselves as such. However, there have been contemporary instances of dispute within the community itself over who is properly considered to be a member of the Ngunnawal people. The district's change from a New South Wales rural area to the national capital began with the debates over Federation during the 19th century. Prior to 1840 Sydney was the administrative centre for the colony, and thus it could",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "6529897",
"chunk_text": "Canberra\nnational capital, a compromise was reached: the new capital would be built in New South Wales, so long as it was at least from Sydney, with Melbourne to be the temporary seat of government (but not referred to as the \"\"capital\"\") while the new capital was built. Newspaper proprietor John Gale circulated a pamphlet titled 'Dalgety or Canberra: Which?' advocating Canberra to every member of the Commonwealth's seven state and federal parliaments. By many accounts, it was decisive in the selection of Canberra as the site in 1908, as was a result of survey work done by the government surveyor",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9349045",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Australian Capital Territory\"\nthe ninth round of voting. Thus was passed the new \"\"Seat of Government Act 1908\"\", which repealed the 1904 Act and specified a capital in the Yass-Canberra region. Government Surveyor Charles Scrivener was deployed to the region in the same year in order to map out a specific site and, after an extensive search, settled upon the present location, about south-west of Sydney in the foothills of the Australian Alps. In 1909, New South Wales transferred the land for the creation of the Federal Capital Territory to federal control through two pieces of legislation, the \"\"Seat of Government Acceptance Act",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5384596",
"chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Australia\"\nrivalry between the two largest Australian cities, Sydney and Melbourne, which both wished to become the new capital. The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital city in 1908. A competition was announced on 30 June 1914 to design Parliament House, with prize money of £7,000. However, due to the start of World War I the next month, the competition was cancelled. It was re-announced in August 1916, but again postponed indefinitely on 24 November 1916. In the meantime, John Smith Murdoch, the Commonwealth's Chief Architect, worked on the design as part of his official",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17364633",
"chunk_text": "\"Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory\"\nYarralumla for 40,000 pounds to Frederick Campbell, a descendant of Robert Campbell, in order to travel overseas. Frederick Campbell erected a new, three-storey, brick house on the site of the former Yarralumla homestead at the beginning of the 1890s. Campbell's house would later form the basis of what is now the Governor-General of Australia's official Canberra residence, known colloquially as \"\"Yarralumla\"\" or \"\"Government House\"\". Campbell also built a large wooden woolshed nearby in 1904. It remains standing to this day. In 1908, the Limestone Plains area, including Yarralumla, was selected as the site for the capital city of the newly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14799812",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Australia (1901–45)\"\nBritish colonies: New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, Victoria and Queensland. The last British garrisons had left Australia in 1870. At the beginning of the 20th century, nearly two decades of negotiations on Federation concluded with the approval of a federal constitution by all six Australian colonies and its subsequent ratification by the British parliament in 1900. This resulted in the political integration of the six Australian colonies into one federated Australian Commonwealth, formally proclaimed on 1 January 1901. Melbourne was chosen as the temporary seat of government while a purpose-designed capital city, Canberra, was constructed. The future",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6370663",
"chunk_text": "\"1989 Australian Capital Territory general election\"\nminor parties. Follett was elected the first Chief Minister at the first sitting of the first Assembly on 11 May 1989. The Australian Capital Territory was established in 1911, initially called the Federal Capital Territory. The Territory was carved out of the state of New South Wales to make way for the site of the capital of Australia. As the Territory grew, particularly the city of Canberra from the 1960s, there were increasing calls for some form of self-government. There were a number of appointed and elected advisory bodies between 1920 and 1986. The main elected representative body of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19812736",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Canberra\"\nBurley Griffin. On 9 May 1988, a new, much larger Commonwealth Parliament House was opened on Capital Hill in State Circle, Parkes. This imposing complex of parliamentary chambers, public spaces, offices and other facilities replaced the outmoded (Provisional) Parliament House that had operated close by for some 60 years. The complex's elaborate opening ceremony was a centrepiece of Australia's bicentenary celebrations, which were held nationwide to mark the 200th anniversary of the arrival of the First Fleet from England, and the foundation of European settlement in what was to become the City of Sydney in 1788. Significantly, the Australian Capital",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5384594",
"chunk_text": "\"Parliament of Australia\"\nA deadlock-breaking mechanism known as a double dissolution can be used to dissolve the full Senate as well as the House in the event that the Upper House twice refuses to pass a piece of legislation passed by the Lower House. The two Houses meet in separate chambers of Parliament House (except in a rare joint sitting) on Capital Hill in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The Commonwealth of Australia came into being on 1 January 1901 with the federation of the six Australian colonies. The inaugural election took place on 29 and 30 March and the first Australian Parliament was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5492653",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital Country\"\nCapital Country Capital Country was the name of one of the sixteen tourism regions of New South Wales, Australia. This geographical division is made for improving commerce, specifically tourism, in the state. The Capital area is one of the oldest settled areas of NSW and is touted for its convenience; it is the area enveloping Canberra, the nation’s capital, and is close to Sydney. It encompasses the Southern Highlands and the Southern Tablelands. The towns and villages in Capital Country range from sophisticated to quaint; their surrounding areas are mostly rural. Capital country is known for historical venues, antiques and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4906650",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital Country\"\nestablished open gardens, and the landmarks of Canberra. The majors cities and towns are: Some permanent attractions and events in Capital Country are: Capital Country Capital Country was the name of one of the sixteen tourism regions of New South Wales, Australia. This geographical division is made for improving commerce, specifically tourism, in the state. The Capital area is one of the oldest settled areas of NSW and is touted for its convenience; it is the area enveloping Canberra, the nation’s capital, and is close to Sydney. It encompasses the Southern Highlands and the Southern Tablelands. The towns and villages",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9163471",
"chunk_text": "\"Federation of Australia\"\nQueen's representative; initially, this person was considered a representative of the British government. The Constitution also established a High Court, and divided the powers of government between the states and the new Commonwealth government. The site of a federal capital was disputed heavily between the two arch-rivals Sydney and Melbourne; the compromise was that a separate territory (the Australian Capital Territory) would be established within New South Wales to hold a new capital, while Parliament would sit in Melbourne until the new city was constructed. The site eventually chosen for the city became Canberra. The significance of Federation for Australia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19812700",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Canberra\"\nAfter an extensive search, the present site, about 300 kilometres south-west of Sydney, in the foothills of the Australian Alps, was chosen in 1908 as a result of survey work done by the government surveyor Charles Scrivener in that year. Two people who campaigned strongly for the Federal capital to be in the Canberra area were John Gale, the publisher of \"\"The Queanbeyan Age\"\" and Federal politician King O'Malley. The choice of site was a disputed one, and narrowly beat Dalgety, a small town near the NSW/Victoria border. The new Federal Capital Territory (later named Australian Capital Territory) was created",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5280808",
"chunk_text": "\"Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory\"\nYarralumla, Australian Capital Territory Yarralumla is a large inner south suburb of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. Located approximately south-west of the city, Yarralumla extends along the south-west bank of Lake Burley Griffin. (The lake was created after the Second World War through the blocking, with a dam, of the Molonglo River.) In 1828, Henry Donnison, a Sydney merchant, was granted a lease on the western side of Stirling Ridge. Donnison's land was named \"\"Yarralumla\"\" in a survey of the area conducted in 1834, apparently after the indigenous people's term for the area. It was also spelt \"\"Yarrolumla\"\" in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19932942",
"chunk_text": "Melbourne\nas \"\"Melburnians\"\". The city was founded on 30 August 1835, in what was the British colony of New South Wales, by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemen’s Land. It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 and named in honour of the British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, after which it became the capital of the new colony of Victoria in 1851. In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush, the city entered the \"\"Marvellous Melbourne\"\" boom period, transforming into one of the most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12983921",
"chunk_text": "Australia\nAustralia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. The population of / 1000000 round 0 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The country's other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15899746",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Australian Capital Territory\"\nbe situated no less than from Sydney. In addition, if the bill passed, Melbourne would be the interim seat of government (but not referred to as the \"\"capital\"\") until a location for the new capital had been determined. The 1899 referendum on this revised bill was successful, passing with sufficient numbers. Nevertheless, this left open the question of where to locate the capital. Initially the Bombala district in the far south of NSW was proposed, to which southern Monaro, (which incorporated Bombala), Orange and Yass were soon added. The NSW Premier, John See, offered to provide any of the three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5007927",
"chunk_text": "Brisbane\ncolony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay, south, which offered a more reliable water supply. The newly selected Brisbane region, at the time, was plagued by mosquitos. Sir Thomas Brisbane visited the settlement and travelled up the Brisbane River in December 1824, bestowing upon Brisbane the distinction of being the only Australian capital city set foot upon by its namesake. Chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838. German missionaries settled at Zions Hill,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7979792",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital districts and territories\"\nArgentine Chamber of Deputies by 25 national deputies. The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is one of two self-governing internal territories of the Australian federation, the other being the Northern Territory (NT). Created in 1911, the ACT was originally called the Federal Capital Territory, the current name being acquired in 1938. The ACT was constituted specifically to house the seat of government, the goal being to avoid situating the new nation's capital Canberra in either New South Wales or Victoria, the two most populous states. The ACT is an enclave of New South Wales. Although the ACT has its own Chief",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15193555",
"chunk_text": "\"Colony of New South Wales\"\nseparation from New South Wales. On 6 June 1859, Queen Victoria signed Letters Patent to form the separate Colony of Queensland. Brisbane was named as the capital city. On 10 December 1859, a proclamation was read by British author George Bowen, whereby Queensland was formally separated from the state of New South Wales. As a result, Bowen became the first Governor of Queensland. On 22 May 1860 the first Queensland election was held and Robert Herbert, Bowen's private secretary, was appointed as the first Premier of Queensland. Queensland also became the first Australian colony to establish its own parliament rather",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11019981",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian Capital Territory\"\nWales in 1911, two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913. The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo. The ACT is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east, the watershed of Naas Creek in the south, the watershed of the Cotter River in the west, and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east. The ACT extends about North-South between 35-36S and West-East at around 149.6E, although the city area occupies the north-central part of this area. Apart from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9944105",
"chunk_text": "Australia\nmajor metropolitan areas are Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians for about 60,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century. It is documented that Aborigines spoke languages that can be classified into about 250 groups. After the European exploration of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, who named it New Holland, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national day. The population grew steadily in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16671090",
"chunk_text": "\"Duntroon, Australian Capital Territory\"\nDuntroon, Australian Capital Territory Duntroon is a suburb of the city of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. Robert Campbell's property Duntroon was situated on the limestone plains of New South Wales in the area that is now covered by the ACT. Given government compensation for the loss of his ship the \"\"Sydney\"\" while under government charter, Robert Campbell, sent James Ainslie to collect 700 sheep from the government flocks at Bathurst and to go southward looking for suitable pasture. Ainslie reached the Limestone Plains and selected a site on the slopes above the Molonglo River where the Royal Military",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3054090",
"chunk_text": "\"Port Phillip\"\n(north) and Boonwurrung (south and east) Nations. Its waters and coast are home to seals, whales, dolphins, corals, and many kinds of seabirds and migratory waders. The first British to enter the port were the crews of , commanded by John Murray and, ten weeks later, commanded by Matthew Flinders, in 1802. Subsequent expeditions into the bay took place in 1803 to establish the first settlement in Victoria, near Sorrento, but was abandoned in 1804. Thirty years later, settlers from Tasmania returned to establish Melbourne, now the state's capital city, at the mouth of the Yarra River in 1835 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_826
|
who won the womens 2017 ncaa basketball tournament?
|
n/a
|
[
"South Carolina"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "202979",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship. Tennessee continued its record streak of making every NCAA Women's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14583650",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29, 1984, with the Gamecocks holding a one-game edge over the Bulldogs in Southeastern Conference (SEC) play. In the 2016–17 SEC regular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9018587",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nas the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Rebecca Lobo and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14583652",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n4 points (54–50). However, South Carolina never relinquished their lead, and held on to win, ultimately by 12 points. The South Carolina strategy was to focus on close shots, with the team only attempting three 3-pointers in the entire game. A'ja Wilson was South Carolina's top scorer with 23 points. Mississippi State guard Morgan William, who had excelled previously in the tournament, was benched for much of the game, scoring 8 points in 23 minutes of playing time. The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Dave O'Brien gave the play-by-play, with Doris Burke and Kara Lawson",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2412568",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nseason, South Carolina lost twice and Mississippi State three times (once to the Gamecocks). Notched as the top two seeds for the 2017 SEC Tournament, the teams advanced to the championship game, where South Carolina won 59–49. In the Final Four of the tournament, South Carolina defeated Stanford, 62–53. In the other semifinal game, Mississippi State defeated Connecticut with a buzzer beater, winning 66–64, and ending Connecticut's 111-game winning streak. South Carolina led 36–26 at half time and extended this lead further in the beginning of the third quarter. Mississippi State then rallied, and at one point trailed by only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8004995",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nchampions No. 7 South Carolina, and No. 17 Texas A&M. The Bulldogs were seeded first in the SEC tournament, where they defeated (9) Kentucky and (5) Texas A&M en route to the championship game, where they fell to (2) South Carolina, 51–62 for their first loss of the season. The Bulldogs received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, where they were seeded first in the Kansas City regional. In the tournament, Mississippi State defeated (16) Nicholls State, (9) Oklahoma State, (4) NC State, and (3) UCLA en route to the Final Four, where they beat (1) Louisville in overtime,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8004993",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 0.1 seconds left on the clock—she made a similar shot with 1.0 second in the semifinal to defeat Connecticut, earning Notre Dame a berth in the championship.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8004997",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nnation. The Irish performed exceptionally in conference, finishing the regular season 27–2, with fifteen wins from sixteen ACC games, including three wins against ranked conference opponents (No. 8 Florida State, No. 19 Duke, and No. 21 NC State) and one win against a ranked non-conference opponent (No. 8 Tennessee). The Irish's only other loss of the season came against No. 3 Louisville in their fifth conference game; Notre Dame finished the season having won their last twelve games and were seeded second in the ACC tournament, where they defeated (7) Virginia and (3) Florida State en route to the title",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4515584",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\nteams changed coaches during and after the season. 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9070383",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nby defeating Virginia Union 93–77 to finish 37-0. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals were hosted at Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"\"Elite Eight\"\" and \"\"Final",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14553011",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament\"\n2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 Women's NCAA Tournament. The tournament committee announced the 64-team field on March 13, following the selection of the NCAA Tournament field. The tournament began on March 15 and ended on April 1, with the championship game televised on the CBS Sports Network. In the championship game, the Michigan Wolverines defeated the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, 89–79, in triple overtime. The 2017 Postseason WNIT field consists of 32 automatic invitations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16005701",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2017. The Stanford Cardinal were tournament champions, winning the final 3–2 over the UCLA Bruins. All Division I women's soccer programs were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7150891",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\n2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play in 1974 at Foster Auditorium, and split home",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17895932",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nAmin gave the play-by-play, with Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo as the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Lobo, Nell Fortner and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8004996",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nputting their record at 37–1. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish were led by 31st-year head coach Muffet McGraw. The Fighting Irish opened their season by winning eleven of their first twelve games, including three wins in the Gulf Coast Showcase and a win in the ACC–Big Ten Women's Challenge, with three of those four being ranked opponents, most notably defending champions No. 3 South Carolina. The Irish suffered their first loss in their eighth game of the season, a matchup with No. 1 Connecticut in the Jimmy V Classic. Notre Dame entered ACC play 11–1, ranked No. 2 in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14287665",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four was played in Ohio after previously being held in Cincinnati in 1997 and Cleveland in 2007 and the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Columbus. For only the fourth time in the tournament’s 37-year history, all four of the number one seeds made it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8999130",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament\"\nhas an overall record of .500 or better. All times are listed as Eastern Daylight Time ()<br> <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 Women's NCAA Tournament. The tournament committee announced the 64-team field on March 13, following the selection of the NCAA Tournament field. The tournament began on March 15 and ended on April 1, with the championship game televised on the CBS Sports Network. In the championship game, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18156975",
"chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nwon the national title at Pauley Pavilion, the home court of its Los Angeles arch-rival UCLA. Of the other teams to play in their home states, Stanford (1992) won the national title; Notre Dame (2011) lost in the championship game; and Western Kentucky (1986), Penn State (2000), Missouri State (2001), LSU (2004), and Baylor (2010) lost in the semifinals. 6 championship games have featured two teams from the same conference (winner in bold): 267 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least a year, since 1982 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8004998",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\ngame, where they once again fell to Louisville. The Irish were seeded first as an at-large bid in the NCAA Tournament's Spokane Regional. On their run to the title game, Notre Dame defeated (16) Cal State Northridge, (9) Villanova, (4) Texas A&M, and (2) Oregon to get to the Final Four, where they faced and defeated (1) Connecticut in overtime via a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 1.0 seconds left. The Irish reached this point despite a severely depleted roster with only seven scholarship players by the start of the NCAA tournament—four players missed part or all of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8342856",
"chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament upsets\"\noverall top-seed Virginia, 74-54. Prior to UMBC's victory over Virginia, 16-seeds were winless in 135 attempts (since 1985) to defeat a 1-seed. Unlike the men's tournament, in which eight (8) 15 seeds and twenty-one (21) 14 seeds have won their opening games since that tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985, no 14 or 15 seed has ever won a game in the women's tournament. The closest any 15 seed came to winning was in 2017, when Long Beach State lost 56–55 to Oregon State. Six 13 seeds have defeated 4 seeds in the first round. By contrast, the men's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14622537",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"\"Elite Eight\"\" and \"\"Final Four\"\" respectively, and National Championship game at the Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. The Ashland Eagles completed an undefeated season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16227058",
"chunk_text": "\"Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball\"\nConnecticut. After an injury plagued start to the 2017–18 season, which saw four Irish players lost to injury, Notre Dame won its second National Championship by beating Mississippi State 61–58. Junior guard Arike Ogunbowale scored the game winning three point shot with three seconds left, two days after scoring a similar buzzer beater to knock out Connecticut in the semifinal game. The win was coach McGraw's second national championship and 800th win at Notre Dame. Naismith College Player of the Year AP National Player of the Year Sports Illustrated National Player of the Year NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1933449",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball team\"\nlosing to Louisville in the ACC Women's Tournament championship. They received an at-large bid as the No. 1 seed in the Spokane region. They defeated Cal State Northridge and Villanova to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. There they defeated Texas A&M and Oregon to advance to the Final Four. After upsetting then-unbeaten Connecticut 91–89 in overtime in the Final Four, Notre Dame played Mississippi State in the national championship. The Irish edged the Bulldogs 61–58 by Arike Ogunbowale's three-pointer with 0.1 seconds left on the clock, capturing their second national title in 18 years. The Irish became the first team",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "96847",
"chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament upsets\"\ntournament since 1994, with two more doing so from 1985 to 1993. No team seeded 10 or lower has ever advanced to the Final Four; Gonzaga lost its 2011 regional final 83–60 to Stanford. Oregon lost its regional final to UConn, 90-52, in 2017, as a 10 seed, and Lamar in 1991 lost their regional final in 1991. In the men's tournament, four 11 seeds and one 10 seed have advanced to the Final Four—10th seed Syracuse in 2016, and 11th seeds Loyola-Chicago in 2018, VCU in 2011, George Mason in 2006, and LSU in 1986. NCAA Division I Women's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12748261",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nDenotes overtime period <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period ESPN had US television rights to all games during the tournament. For the first and second round, ESPN aired select games nationally on ESPN2, ESPNU, or ESPNews. All other games aired regionally on ESPN, ESPN2, or ESPN3 and were streamed online via WatchESPN. Most of the nation got whip-a-round coverage during this time, which allowed ESPN to rotate between the games and focus the nation on the game that had the closest score. The Lexington and Oklahoma City regional semifinals aired concurrently on ESPN and ESPN2, while",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15985624",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, played to determine the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Connecticut Huskies (UConn) defeated the Syracuse Orange to win their fourth consecutive championship. Breanna Stewart was voted Most Outstanding Player for the fourth straight time. Head coach Geno Auriemma surpassed John Wooden's record winning 11 NCAA national championships. This was the first Division I women's championship game to be played in quarters instead of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14143386",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nFour, North Carolina beat Oregon (making their first Final Four appearance since 1939) while Gonzaga defeated South Carolina (both making their first ever Final Four appearance). North Carolina then defeated Gonzaga 71–65 to win the national championship. A total of 68 teams entered the 2017 tournament, with all 32 conference tournament winners receiving an automatic bid. The Ivy League, which previously granted its automatic tournament bid to its regular season champion, hosted a postseason tournament to determine a conference champion for the first time. In previous years, had the Ivy League had two schools tied for first in the standings,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15985626",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nFBS football left to form a new Big East Conference; and the remaining members of the original Big East, including UConn, reorganized as the American Athletic Conference. The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship Game was played on April 5, 2016, at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Notable performances were by Breanna Stewart, voted four years in a row the Most Outstanding Player, forward Morgan Tuck and point guard Moriah Jefferson. Tuck scored 19 points, with 5 assists and 7 steals, while Jefferson had 13 points, 5 assists and 3 steals. Syracuse shot only 35.5 percent from the floor,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1971937",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team\"\nsweet sixteen and Florida State in the elite eight to advanced to their 2nd final four in school history. In the national semi final in Dallas they defeated Stanford and beat SEC rival Mississippi State in the final to win their first NCAA National Championship. A'ja Wilson was named the Most Outstanding Player in the National Championship Game. !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" | Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" | SEC Women's Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" | NCAA Women's Tournament 2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team The 2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team represents the University",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7444337",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played between March and April 2016, with the Final Four played April 3 & 5. The regional locations were four neutral sites: Bridgeport, Connecticut, Dallas, Lexington, Kentucky, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Final Four was played at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. This was the third time that Indianapolis hosted a Women's Final Four Basketball tournament; the prior times were in 2005 and 2011. Connecticut won their fourth consecutive national championship, defeating Syracuse 82–51. This was the last Women's Final Four to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "32470",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament\"\nFame Stadium in Oklahoma City. Oklahoma would repeat as National Champions, defeating Florida in 2 games. The Big West, Mountain West, Pac-12, and West Coast Conference bids were awarded to the regular-season champion. All other conferences have the automatic bid go to the conference tournament winner. 16 National Seeds were announced on the Selection Show Sunday, May 14 at 10 p.m. EDT on ESPN2. The 16 national seeds host the Regionals. Teams in italics advanced to Super Regionals. Teams in bold advance to Women's College World Series. 1. Florida <br> 2. \"\"Arizona\"\" <br> 3. Oregon <br> 4. \"\"Florida State\"\" <br>",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17435468",
"chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nNCAA Division III Women's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Championship is the annual tournament to determine the national champions of women's NCAA Division III collegiate basketball in the United States. It has been held annually since 1982, when the NCAA began to sponsor women's sports at all three levels. Washington–St. Louis are the most successful program, with five national titles. The current champions are Amherst, who won their second straight national title and third overall in 2018. Held in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, the 1982 Women's Final Four Basketball Tournament was the first sponsored by the NCAA. Featuring host",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8004999",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nseason to torn ACLs. Brianna Turner, an All-American forward in 2016–17, suffered the injury in the 2017 NCAA tournament and missed the entire season. Senior guard Mychael Johnson was lost in a preseason practice, freshman center Mikayla Vaughn after six games, and starting senior point guard Lili Thompson was lost on New Year's Eve. Before the title game, McGraw told media, \"\"I didn't think we'd have more ACL tears than losses. I think it's just an amazing accomplishment for this team and the resilience they've shown all year.\"\" The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Adam",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15985628",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nthe United States was provided by Westwood One. 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, played to determine the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Connecticut Huskies (UConn) defeated the Syracuse Orange to win their fourth consecutive championship. Breanna Stewart was voted Most Outstanding Player for the fourth straight time. Head coach Geno Auriemma surpassed John Wooden's record winning 11 NCAA national championships. This was the first Division I women's championship",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11946017",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\n2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 10, 2017 and ended with the Final Four title game at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio on April 1, 2018. Practices officially began in September 29, 2017. Three schools joined new conferences for the 2017–18 season. In addition to the schools changing conferences, the 2017–18 season was the last for four schools in their then-current conferences: Four Division I women's teams played the 2017–18 season in temporary homes due to renovation of their current venues. A fifth is playing in a temporary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18512484",
"chunk_text": "\"Timeline of women's sports in the United States\"\nteam obtained the longest winning streak in college basketball (both men's and women's), 111 straight wins, which started with a win against Creighton on December 23, 2014, and continued for 111 games until March 31, 2017, when they were beaten 66-64 on a last second shot in overtime by Mississippi State in the 2017 NCAA Final Four. This streak included an undefeated season in 2015–16. 2017 - In the 2017 season, Jesse Shofner was selected to the roster for the Nashville Nightwatch, which made her the first female player to make a full season American Ultimate Disc League roster. 2017",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15376832",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 14–15, 2017, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The Super Six finals were held on April 15. Oklahoma scored an NCAA championship record 198.3875 to win their second consecutive national title. The Sooners had the highest team scores on vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise. They were led by Maggie Nichols, who had the highest score of the day on vault and tied for the highest scores on balance beam, with a 10, and floor exercise. 1. Oklahoma - 198.3875 2. LSU - 197.7375",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15985627",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\ncompared to Connecticut's 51.9 percent, and the Orange found themselves in a 50–23 hole at halftime. Syracuse scored 16 straight points to get within 60–43 with 2:02 left in the third quarter, but the Huskies went on a 22–8 run to end the game. The Championship Game was broadcast in the United States by ESPN. Beth Mowins was calling the play-by-play, with Doris Burke providing color commentary and Holly Rowe on the court. Kevin Negandhi served as the studio host. Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo served as studio commentators. The game was seen by 2.97 million viewers. Radio coverage in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2222885",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Ivy League Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 Ivy League Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 Ivy League Women's Basketball Tournament was a women's college conference tournament held March 11–12, 2017 at the Palestra on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. It was the first postseason tournament held by the Ivy League in women's basketball. Penn won the tournament, earning an automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA Tournament. The Ivy League was the last NCAA Division I conference not to hold a postseason tournament, instead choosing to award its automatic bids to the NCAA men's and women's tournaments to its regular-season champions. In March 2016,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14287670",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nSaturday/Monday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. Teams participating in the Regional Finals, Final Four, and Championship were allowed to have their own local broadcasts, but they weren’t allowed to stream those broadcasts online. \"\"Regional Finals Sunday\"\" \"\"Final Four\"\" \"\"Regional Finals Monday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3055331",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season\"\n2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season The 2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season began with practices in October 2016, followed by the start of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2017 and concluded in March with the 2017 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina. The South Carolina Gamecocks were both regular season and tournament champions, with the Mississippi State Bulldogs as runner-up. Both teams received bids to the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament and advanced to face each other in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16005703",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament\"\nSeason Rankings\"\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> \"\"Host institution\"\" \"\"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\"\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> \"\"Host institution\"\" \"\"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\"\" \"\"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\"\" 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19939737",
"chunk_text": "\"Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball\"\nseason play was over, the Hoosiers received a #9 seed and were able to participate in the NCAA tournament for the first time in 14 years. Indiana defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 62–58 for their first NCAA tournament win in 33 years before falling to #1 seed Notre Dame. The Hoosiers' 2017-18 season proved to be another historic season. Lead by seniors Tyra Buss and Amanda Cahill, the Hoosiers compiled a 23-14 record and won the 2018 WNIT in front of a program record-breaking crowd of 13,007 at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall. Considered to be one of the greatest basketball players",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1385936",
"chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nand had 16 points in the game, was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. On April 4, 2016, the Wildcats won their second NCAA Championship in Men's Basketball, the first time in 31 years. They beat the North Carolina Tar Heels 77-74 off a buzzer-beater shot by Kris Jenkins with 0.5 seconds remaining in regulation. Two years later, on April 2, 2018, Villanova earned its third national championship beating the Michigan Wolverines 79-62. The Villanova Wildcats women's basketball team are coached by Harry Perretta, now serving his 34th year as head coach of the team. For the 2017–18 season,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14287668",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n64. The following teams automatically qualified for the 2018 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's tournament. All times are listed as Eastern Daylight Time ()<br> <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period During the Final Four round, regardless of the seeds of the participating teams, the champion of the top overall top seed's region (Connecticut's Albany Region) plays against the champion of the fourth-ranked top seed's region (Notre Dame's Spokane Region), and the champion of the second overall top seed's region (Mississippi State's Kansas City Region) plays against the champion of the third-ranked top seed's region (Louisville's Lexington Region). <nowiki>*</nowiki>",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10901464",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team Champions with a total of 198.075 points. The twelve teams invited were Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, UCLA, Utah, and Washington. 1. UCLA - 198.0750 2. Oklahoma - 198.0375 3. Florida - 197.8500 4. LSU - 197.8375 5. Utah - 196.9000 6. Nebraska - 196.8000 1. Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma) - 39.8125 2. Mykayla Skinner (Utah) - 39.725 3. Elizabeth Price (Stanford) - 39.675 Vault: Brenna Dowell",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9607936",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested March 16–18, 2017 at the 36th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. This year's events were hosted by Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis at the Indiana University Natatorium in Indianapolis, Indiana. Stanford had a dominating performance to win their first NCAA title since 1998, and their ninth overall (the most of any college swim team). They finished 160.5 points ahead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12748259",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nBasketball Tournament at 36 consecutive appearances. Connecticut also continued its record streak of 10 consecutive Final Four appearances. The first two rounds, also referred to as the subregionals, were played at the sites of the top 16 seeds, as was done in 2016. The following are the sites that hosted each round of the 2017 tournament. First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight) National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship) Selections for the 2017 NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Championship were announced at 7 p.m. Eastern time, Monday, March 13 via ESPN. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2298561",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season\"\nthe championship, where South Carolina claimed their first-ever national title. \"\"Note:\"\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season. Overall and SEC records are from time at current school. This table summarizes the head-to-head results between teams in conference play. The conference tournament was held March 1 through March 5, 2017, at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina. Teams were seeded by conference record, with ties broken by record between the tied teams followed by record against the regular-season champion, if necessary. The 2017 WNBA draft was held on April 13 in New York City. Eight",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17741614",
"chunk_text": "\"Carolyn Peck\"\nits games by at least 10 points, including a 62–45 victory over Duke in the title game. Peck became the first African American to coach a women's Division I basketball national championship team; she has since been joined by Dawn Staley, who coached South Carolina to the 2017 National Championship. Peck was named Women’s Basketball Coach of the Year by the Associated Press, as well as becoming the first woman and the first African American to win the Winged Foot Award (which honored the best coach in college basketball) from the New York Athletic Club. Two weeks after guiding Purdue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_827
|
how many episodes of ray donovan series 3 are there?
|
n/a
|
[
"60",
"12"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12307181",
"chunk_text": "\"Ray Donovan\"\nseason was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 10, 2014. The second season was released on both media on May 26, 2015. The third season was released on DVD and blu-ray on December 29, 2015. The fourth season was released on DVD on December 27, 2016. The fifth season saw a DVD release on January 30, 2018. \"\"Ray Donovan\"\" has received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season a rating of 76% based on reviews from 38 critics, with the sites consensus stating: \"\"\"\"Ray Donovan\"\" moves quickly between genres and tones, with Liev Schreiber and Jon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12307179",
"chunk_text": "\"Ray Donovan\"\nRay Donovan Ray Donovan is an American television crime drama series created by Ann Biderman for Showtime. The twelve-episode first season premiered on June 30, 2013. The pilot episode broke viewership records, becoming the biggest premiere of all time on Showtime. Showtime renewed the show for a fourth season, which premiered on June 26, 2016. On August 11, 2016, Showtime renewed the show for a fifth season, which premiered on August 6, 2017. On October 23, 2017, the series was renewed for a 12-episode sixth season, filmed in New York City, which premiered on October 28, 2018. The drama is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10968016",
"chunk_text": "\"Justified (season 3)\"\nregion 2 on February 25, 2013, and in region 4 on March 6, 2013. Special features on the season three set include nine audio commentaries by cast and crew, deleted scenes, four behind-the-scenes featurettes, and outtakes. Justified (season 3) The third season of the American television drama series \"\"Justified\"\" premiered on January 17, 2012, on FX, and concluded on April 10, 2012, consisting of 13 episodes. The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard's novels \"\"Pronto\"\" and \"\"Riding the Rap\"\" and his short story \"\"Fire in the Hole\"\". Its main character is Raylan Givens, a deputy U.S.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11998465",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bill (series 3)\"\nThe Bill (series 3) The third series of \"\"The Bill\"\", a British television drama, consisted of twelve episodes, broadcast between 21 September and 7 December 1987. The series was first released on DVD as part of a three-season box set on 10 May 2006 in Australia. It was later made available as a separate season in the United Kingdom on 28 May 2007 and in Australia on 3 August 2011. The above DVD artwork is taken from the most recent Australian release. It features an image of Ch. Supt. Charles Brownlow. The British artwork features a collage image featuring DI",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12063232",
"chunk_text": "\"Stan Lee's Lucky Man\"\nrenewed for a third series of eight new episodes. Series 3 began filming September 2017 and is available only on Sky 1 and TV streaming service NOW TV in the UK and Ireland which started on 20 July 2018. DI Harry Clayton is a detective in Central London's Murder Squad suffering from an addiction to gambling. Clayton becomes the recipient of an ancient bracelet—after a night spent with the mysterious Eve, he wakes up with the bracelet on his wrist and discovers that it gives him supernatural luck. With his gambling addiction having cost him his wife and daughter and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3119212",
"chunk_text": "\"The Walking Dead (season 3)\"\nin region 4 on September 25, 2013. Special features include eight featurettes—\"\"Rising Son\"\", \"\"Evil Eye\"\", \"\"Gone, But Not Forgotten\"\", \"\"Heart of a Warrior\"\", \"\"Michonne vs. The Governor\"\", \"\"Making the Dead\"\", \"\"Safety Behind Bars\"\", and \"\"Guts and Glory\"\". Five audio commentaries, for episodes \"\"Killer Within\"\", \"\"Say the Word\"\", \"\"Made to Suffer\"\", \"\"The Suicide King\"\", and \"\"This Sorrowful Life\"\". Also included are 13 minutes of deleted scenes across six episodes. The third season was also released in limited edition Blu-ray packaging, a replica of The Governor's walker head aquarium as seen in season three. The limited edition packaging was designed by Greg",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9421639",
"chunk_text": "\"The Knock\"\nreleased on DVD on 27 August 2007. The DVD release of the series has become hard to obtain. The series was rebroadcast in Australia for the first time in 2014. This series was rebroadcast on ITV3 on 19 January 2017, 20 January 2017, 21 January 2017, 24 January 2017, 25 January 2017, 26 January 2017, 27 January 2017, 28 January 2017, 31 January 2017, 1 February 2017, 2 February 2017, 3 February 2017 and 7 February 2017. The third series consists of seven episodes, and was broadcast from 6 April to 18 May 1997. The series has never been released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17299252",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicago P.D. (season 3)\"\nChicago P.D. (season 3) The third season of \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead, premiered on September 30, 2015 and concluded on May 25, 2016. The season contained 23 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> A three-way crossover between \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", \"\"Chicago Med\"\" and \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\" aired in January 5 and 6, 2016. A crossover with \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" aired on February 10, 2016, where Intelligence helps SVU track down Greg Yates after he escapes from prison in New York. The DVD release of season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11998466",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bill (series 3)\"\nRoy Galloway, PCs Nick Shaw and Viv Martella, and DC Mike Dashwood. The image right is the Australian three-season DVD box set features a sole image of chief superintendent Charles Brownlow. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Bill (series 3) The third series of \"\"The Bill\"\", a British television drama, consisted of twelve episodes, broadcast between 21 September and 7 December 1987. The series was first released on DVD as part of a three-season box set on 10 May 2006 in Australia. It was later made available as a separate season in the United Kingdom on 28 May 2007 and in Australia on 3",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17045226",
"chunk_text": "\"Justified (season 3)\"\nJustified (season 3) The third season of the American television drama series \"\"Justified\"\" premiered on January 17, 2012, on FX, and concluded on April 10, 2012, consisting of 13 episodes. The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard's novels \"\"Pronto\"\" and \"\"Riding the Rap\"\" and his short story \"\"Fire in the Hole\"\". Its main character is Raylan Givens, a deputy U.S. Marshal. Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens, a tough federal lawman, enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown. The series is set in the city of Lexington, Kentucky, and the hill country of eastern Kentucky,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4206358",
"chunk_text": "\"The Podge and Rodge Show\"\nworld's best known bands. The third series began on 15 October 2007. A new feature will be \"\"Ballydung's Grot Talent\"\", which will see auditioning of freaks take place over nine weeks with judges Lucy Kennedy and Brendan Kilkenny travelling to almost 32 counties, beginning with Port Laoise (with guest judge Declan Nerney). Lucy Kennedy described it as \"\"You're A Star \"\"gone wrong\"\"\"\" on \"\"The Ray D'Arcy Show\"\" on Today FM on Wednesday 26 September. After a hiatus following the \"\"Bogmanay\"\" New Year's Eve Special, the third series continued on 4 February 2008 twice weekly for a further ten weeks. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4703553",
"chunk_text": "\"Justin's House\"\nand 25 were special episodes that contained highlights from the series. These were broadcast on the 30th and 31st of March 2013 respectively. Series 3 contained 20 episodes and aired in two halves. Episodes 1 - 10 were broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays from 18 October - 16 November 2014. Episodes 11 - 20 were broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays from 28 February - 29 March 2015. Episodes 18 and 20 were special episodes that contained highlights from the series. Series 4 also contained 20 episodes and aired in two halves. Episodes 1 - 10 were broadcast on Saturdays and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6245369",
"chunk_text": "\"Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)\"\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 80%, based on 9 reviews, whose average rating is 7.45/10. The third season, featuring audio commentaries and deleted scenes, was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018. Fear the Walking Dead (season 3) The third season of \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight-episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017 and concluded on October 15, 2017.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4058661",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mighty Boosh (series 3)\"\nThe Mighty Boosh (series 3) \"\"The Mighty Boosh\"\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> third series was originally broadcast between 15 November 2007 and 20 December 2007. The series features five main cast members; Julian Barratt, Noel Fielding, Rich Fulcher, Michael Fielding and Dave Brown. The third series revolves around Howard Moon and Vince Noir (Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding), and the adventures they have whilst running a second-hand shop. A DVD of the series was released on 11 February 2008 in Region 2 and 7 August in Region 4. Whereas the second series was set mainly in a flat in Dalston, England, the third series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15326825",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mighty Boosh (series 3)\"\nepisode, \"\"Eels\"\", pulled in 1 million viewers. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Mighty Boosh (series 3) \"\"The Mighty Boosh\"\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> third series was originally broadcast between 15 November 2007 and 20 December 2007. The series features five main cast members; Julian Barratt, Noel Fielding, Rich Fulcher, Michael Fielding and Dave Brown. The third series revolves around Howard Moon and Vince Noir (Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding), and the adventures they have whilst running a second-hand shop. A DVD of the series was released on 11 February 2008 in Region 2 and 7 August in Region 4. Whereas the second series was set mainly in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19506064",
"chunk_text": "\"Hawthorne (season 3)\"\nRay Stein played by David Julian Hirsh did not return for Season 3. It was left unknown what happened to his character. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hawthorne (season 3) The third and final season of \"\"Hawthorne\"\" premiered on TNT on June 14, 2011. The season will contain 10 episodes. Season 3 concluded on August 16, 2011 and was cancelled shortly after. Season three focuses on Christina and Tom's struggling relationship due to the fact she lost her baby in an assault and she gets even more depressed when she loses her job. On September 14, 2010, TNT renewed \"\"Hawthorne\"\" for a 10 episode",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13673267",
"chunk_text": "\"Line of Duty\"\nThe third series of \"\"Line of Duty\"\"consisting of six episodespremiered on 24 March 2016. The series follows DC Kate Fleming (Vicky McClure), DS Steve Arnott (Martin Compston) and Superintendent Ted Hastings (Adrian Dunbar) as they lead an investigation into the corrupt actions of Sergeant Danny Waldron (Daniel Mays). The series' supporting characters include DC Nigel Morton (Neil Morrissey), DI Matthew Cottan (Craig Parkinson), and DI Lindsay Denton (Keeley Hawes). The storyline in this series is a direct continuation of the second series' plot. The fourth series of \"\"Line of Duty\"\", consisting of six episodes, began broadcasting on 26 March 2017",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11315080",
"chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 3)\"\nD'Agosto as Harvey Dent. New additions to the cast include Benedict Samuel as Jervis Tetch; and Maggie Geha as a grown Ivy Pepper, recasting the role portrayed by Clare Foley in previous seasons. The season was broadcast over 3 consecutive runs: the first 11 episodes aired from September to November 2016; the next 3 aired in January 2017; and the other 8 episodes aired from April to June 2017. Like the previous season, the season also holds two subtitles. The first 14 episodes are subtitled \"\"Mad City\"\" while the other 8 episodes are subtitled \"\"Heroes Rise\"\". The season premiered on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16639382",
"chunk_text": "\"Blue Heelers (season 3)\"\nAnn Burbrook also returned to \"\"Blue Heelers\"\" to temporarily reprise her role as Roz Patterson. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Blue Heelers (season 3) The third season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 12 February 1996 and aired on Monday nights, and later Tuesday nights, at 8:30 PM. The 42-episode season concluded 26 November 1996. Main cast for this season consisted of: Semi-regular cast members for this season include: Notable guest stars included Frances O'Connor, Marg Downey, Lee Kernaghan, Radha Mitchell, Terry Gill, Raelee Hill, Louise Siversen, Rhys Muldoon, David Wenham, Norman Yemm, Andrew Blackman, Frankie J.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19187209",
"chunk_text": "\"Cop Shop\"\nBrian Wenzel, Kate Sheil, Carl Bleazby, Charles Tingwell, Cecily Polson, Tom Oliver, Ian Smith, Kirsty Child, Gerard Maguire, John Frawley, Simon Chilvers, Elspeth Ballantyne, Roger Oakley, Telford Jackson, Babs Wheelton, Bruce Kerr, Lulu Pinkus. Volume 3 containing episodes 53-78 was released on 27 November 2017 and features Maggie Millar, Andrew McKaige, Don Barker, Carmen Duncan, Roger Oakley, Leila Hayes, Briony Behets, Belinda Davey, Susanne Haworth, Sheila Florance, John Diedrich, Patsy King, Gerard Maguire, Anthony Hawkins, Peter Aanensen, Adrian Wright, Esme Melville, Tommy Dysart, Elspeth Ballantyne, Monica Maughan, Kenneth Goodlet, George Spartels, Julia Blake, Rod Mullinar, Ronald Korosy, Bryon Williams, Henri",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20006490",
"chunk_text": "\"Last of the Summer Wine (series 3)\"\nLast of the Summer Wine (series 3) Last of the Summer Wine's third series originally aired on BBC1 between 27 October 1976 and 24 December 1976. All episodes from this series were written by Roy Clarke and produced by Sydney Lotterby Five episodes were directed by Sydney Lotterby but two, the two parter, \"\"The Great Boarding House Bathroom Caper\"\" and \"\"Cheering Up Gordon\"\", were directed by Ray Butt. Although none of the episodes from series 3 made it into the top ten programmes of the week on their initial screening, a repeat showing of the final episode, \"\"Isometrics and After,\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12158601",
"chunk_text": "\"Red Rock (TV series)\"\ndirector of programming Bill Malone also stated that the viewing figures for these episodes would ultimately decide on the series' long-term future. At the time of writing, twenty-three unaired episodes had been filmed, while two further episodes designed to wrap up all of the series' ongoing storylines, were filmed in the Autumn of 2017. Thirteen of these twenty-five episodes have since aired on TV3, broadcasting from January 22, 2018. The final twelve episodes have yet to receive an airdate. Darren Kiely is found badly beaten on Red Rock Pier; he later dies from his injuries. This brings absent mother Bridget",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2256372",
"chunk_text": "\"3rd Rock from the Sun\"\nfall of 2010, ReelzChannel began airing the series. The series made its debut on digital broadcast network Laff on July 16, 2018. This series rerun is now also aired on Malaysia's national broadcast TV channel RTM's TV2 in the 12:30am time slot on Tuesday and Wednesday nights. In the United Kingdom, the series originally aired on BBC Two from 1996 to 2001 and ITV2 later reran the entire series from 2005 to 2006. Cable network Virgin Media currently has 40 episodes from seasons 1 and 2 available 'on demand' from the Comedy Central menu option. The series began airing from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11159328",
"chunk_text": "\"Off Their Rockers (UK TV series)\"\non 6 April 2014 and ran for seven episodes. The final episode of this series was dedicated to Iris Sharples, a former participant, who died on 22 November 2013, during filming for the second series. A third series was commissioned in August 2014 and began airing on 1 March 2015 for six episodes. The two \"\"Blue Badge\"\" special episodes were announced on 12 April 2015, during the concluding episode of series 3. These were aired in June 2015 on Mondays at 9:30pm. A fourth series was commissioned and began airing on 6 November 2016 for six episodes. The show moved",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "138108",
"chunk_text": "\"Show Me Show Me\"\n\"\"Faces and Flowers\"\" on 6 July 2009. Series two again had 40 episodes beginning with \"\"Flying and Monkeys\"\" on 6 September 2010. Series three had 25 episodes and began with \"\"Surprises and Peacocks\"\" on 6 June 2011. Episodes from all three series have been repeated frequently, and have also been shown on both BBC One and BBC Two. The show has been generally well received with it receiving 3 to 4 stars from reviewers on the CBeebies website. On 7 September 2016, cast member Chris Jarvis was alleged to have used profanity during a song about kites, sparking outrage among",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19323111",
"chunk_text": "\"No Offence\"\nwere shown back-to-back that evening and together achieved an average 4.6 million viewers, 20.4% of the TV audience. A third series was confirmed in July 2017. Filming took place in Manchester in March 2018 and it began broadcasting on 13 September 2018. The six-episode series has a political focus, with the main storyline following the attempted murder of a local politician by a far right group. On 19 October 2018, Paul Abbott stated in an interview that he had begun working on ideas for a potential fourth series. In the first series, D.I. Viv Deering is dynamic but blunt in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3518931",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac Arrest (TV series)\"\nfor the incident and to deny that he sought Turner's opinion, and assure him that in return he will not suffer damage to his career. Phil does so, but the inquest returns a finding of unlawful killing and refers it for a possible manslaughter prosecution. Series 3 has thirteen episodes and was originally broadcast between 2 April 1996 and 25 June 1996. In the third series there is more focus on the patients and the doctors' extended interactions with them. Claire has a friendly relationship with a regular dialysis patient and as a result, pursues families of accident victims about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20045560",
"chunk_text": "\"Merlin (series 3)\"\nMerlin (series 3) The third series of \"\"Merlin\"\" began on 11 September 2010. Series three regular cast members include Colin Morgan, Bradley James, Katie McGrath, Angel Coulby, Anthony Head, and Richard Wilson, as well as Emilia Fox joining the regular cast. John Hurt took his previous role as the voice of the Great Dragon but was no longer one of the regular cast (though he continued to provide the opening narration for the series). Series three consists of 13 episodes. The series three premiere was watched by 6.49 million viewers. Series 3 introduced the format of a two-part opener and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5072429",
"chunk_text": "\"Hated in the Nation\"\nHated in the Nation \"\"Hated in the Nation\"\" is the sixth and final episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series \"\"Black Mirror\"\". Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by James Hawes, it premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, along with the rest of series three. It is the longest episode in the series at 89 minutes. The episode is a murder mystery, and follows Detective Karin Parke (Kelly Macdonald) and her new partner Blue Coulson (Faye Marsay) who, together with the help of National Crime Agency officer Shaun Li (Benedict Wong),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5836440",
"chunk_text": "\"The Graham Norton Show\"\nprevious series, each episode premiered in the United States only nine days after the initial UK broadcast. However, the final three episodes were broadcast in reverse order (with Episode 12 being shown on BBC America a few days earlier than on BBC Two. The same thing occurred in Series 4 with the Christmas special airing on BBC America 10 days before the BBC Two broadcast. Series 3 began its run on 17 April 2008. For series 3, the \"\"Cooldown\"\" segment had been dropped, and the show was just the full uncut 45-minute version of the show. The show was originally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12526708",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\n13 episodes on March 13, 2014, but was later increased to 20 episodes. The series premiered on September 13, 2014. On November 18, 2014, the series was renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on May 23, 2015. On February 9, 2016, Nickelodeon renewed \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\" for a third season of 14 episodes. It was also confirmed that Matt Fleckenstein would step down as show runner. Actress Lizzy Greene announced on her Twitter account that production for season three started on April 26, 2016. The third season premiered on January 7, 2017. The series was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20707522",
"chunk_text": "\"Freedom Fighters: The Ray\"\nannounced that the first two seasons would be made available as one feature-length presentation on Blu-ray and DVD starting on August 28, 2018. Oliver Sava of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" gave the first three episodes a \"\"B\"\" rating. He felt \"\"the story has an interesting structure, beginning with two episodes showing the dire situation on Earth-X before making a sudden jump across dimensions for the third episode,\"\" but noted that it makes \"\"The Ray feel like a supporting character in his own show\"\". Sava praised the conflicts in Ray's personal life \"\"that are largely unexplored in the superhero genre, especially in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5306609",
"chunk_text": "\"3rd Rock from the Sun\"\nunedited, original broadcast versions of the episodes. Seasons 5 and 6 were re-released on January 8, 2013. On May 14, 2013, Mill Creek released \"\"3rd Rock from the Sun – The Complete Series\"\" on DVD in Region 1. Region 2 Network DVD released all six seasons on DVD in the UK. While seasons 1–4 feature unedited versions of the episodes, seasons 5 and 6 feature syndicated, edited episodes. Network re-released the series in 2008 in individual set and a complete collection. Region 4 Magna Home Entertainment released all six seasons on DVD in Australia between 2005 and 2007. These releases",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9464925",
"chunk_text": "\"Hated in the Nation\"\nnever felt empty.\"\" Hated in the Nation \"\"Hated in the Nation\"\" is the sixth and final episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series \"\"Black Mirror\"\". Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by James Hawes, it premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, along with the rest of series three. It is the longest episode in the series at 89 minutes. The episode is a murder mystery, and follows Detective Karin Parke (Kelly Macdonald) and her new partner Blue Coulson (Faye Marsay) who, together with the help of National Crime Agency officer Shaun",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4525670",
"chunk_text": "\"Ann Biderman\"\nas the show's second season. Biderman co-wrote the second-season premiere \"\"Phase Three\"\" with Wells and wrote the episode \"\"U-Boat.\"\" TNT renewed the series for a third season but dramatically reduced its production budget. Biderman stepped down as executive producer but remained an executive consultant. She co-wrote the third-season premiere \"\"Let It Snow\"\" with Wells. Biderman created the Showtime series \"\"Ray Donovan\"\" in 2013. She served as showrunner during the first season, and wrote several episodes, including the pilot. After the second season, Biderman stepped down as showrunner. Screenplays Production staff Writer Ann Biderman Ann Biderman (born August 15, 1951) is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5287009",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mentalist (season 3)\"\nThe Mentalist (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Mentalist\"\" premiered on September 23, 2010 and concluded with its 2-hour season finale on May 19, 2011. The season consisted of 24 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In the UK, the third season premiered on Friday 15 October at 9 pm on Channel Five to 2.18 million viewers, nearly 1 million less than the second season's premiere. Overall, the season averaged 2.08 million viewers (21% less than the previous season), making this the least watched season of the series so far. The most watched episode was \"\"Jolly Red Elf\"\" (2.62 million), and the least",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8361005",
"chunk_text": "\"Archer (season 3)\"\nArcher (season 3) The third season of the animated television series, \"\"Archer\"\" originally aired in the United States on the cable network FX. The three part episode \"\"Heart of Archness\"\" aired from September 15, 2011 until September 29, 2011. The rest of the season started on January 19, 2012 with \"\"The Man from Jupiter\"\" and ended with the two part episode \"\"Space Race\"\" on March 16, 2012, and March 23, 2012, respectively, with a total of thirteen episodes. It was announced on March 29, 2011, that \"\"Archer\"\" was renewed for 16 more episodes. FX had originally intended the first three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19949870",
"chunk_text": "\"Profiler (season 3)\"\nProfiler (season 3) The third season of \"\"Profiler\"\" premiered on NBC in the United States on October 17, 1998, and aired the finale on June 6, 1999. The third season ran for 21 episodes. As of episode 1 \"\"Coronation\"\", Caitlin Wachs no longer appeared as Chloe Waters and was replaced with Evan Rachel Wood. Also, Erica Gimpel is no longer featured in the opening credits. Heather McComb, Traci Lords and Shiek Mahmud-Bey are gone from the series due to Frances Malone's departure for college as well as Sharon Lesher's death, both featured in the final episode of Season 2, while",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17299253",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicago P.D. (season 3)\"\nthree is set to be released in Region 1 on September 13, 2016. Chicago P.D. (season 3) The third season of \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\", an American police drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead, premiered on September 30, 2015 and concluded on May 25, 2016. The season contained 23 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> A three-way crossover between \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", \"\"Chicago Med\"\" and \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\" aired in January 5 and 6, 2016. A crossover with \"\"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"\" aired on February 10, 2016, where Intelligence helps SVU track down Greg Yates",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17291753",
"chunk_text": "\"Get It Together (TV series)\"\nlisted in the BFI credits. According to BFI, Series 1 ran from 6 April - 6 July 1977, consisting of 12 episodes. The show then returned later that year for a Christmas special on 27 December, entitled \"\"Get It Together with The Bay City Rollers\"\". Series 2 ran from 10 January - 21 March 1978, featuring 11 shows. Series 3 ran from 19 September - 19 December 1978, followed by a Christmas Special on 26 December, for a total of 15 shows. Series 4 ran from 10 April - 15 May 1979, for just 6 episodes. Series 5 ran from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "953060",
"chunk_text": "\"Hart of Dixie (Season 3)\"\nHer character, Lemon Breeland was absent for five episodes of the season while King was on maternity leave. The season premiered to 1.03 million people with a 0.4 rating share for adults 18-49. Hart of Dixie: The Complete Third Season was released on DVD in the US on March 15, 2014. The 5 disc set includes all 22 episodes from the third season and various language and subtitle options. Hart of Dixie (Season 3) The third season of \"\"Hart of Dixie\"\" premiered on October 7, 2013 and ended on May 16, 2014, with 22 episdoes. For the third season, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13787026",
"chunk_text": "\"Casualty (series 3)\"\nCasualty (series 3) The third series of the British medical drama television series \"\"Casualty\"\" commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 9 September 1988 and finished on 4 November 1988. This series consists of ten episodes, a decrease from the previous series. The broadcast of episode 7 was delayed until August 1989 following the death of guest actor Roy Kinnear. Succeeding episodes were brought forward one week in the schedule as a result. The third series of \"\"Casualty\"\" features a cast of characters working in the emergency department of Holby City Hospital. The series began with 8",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18551153",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mentalist (season 3)\"\nwatched episode was \"\"Pink Chanel Suit\"\" (1.74 million). The season ended on Friday 10 June. All 24 episodes were released on the five disc complete third season set. It was released on September 20, 2011 in Region 1, October 10, 2011 in Region 2, and October 26, 2011 in Region 4. It included the featurettes \"\"The Mentalist: Portrait of a Serial Killer- Red John\"\" and \"\"'Red Moon' Directed by Simon Baker\"\" as well as unaired scenes. The Mentalist (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Mentalist\"\" premiered on September 23, 2010 and concluded with its 2-hour season finale on May",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15582030",
"chunk_text": "\"The Green Green Grass (series 3)\"\nThe Green Green Grass (series 3) \"\"The Green Green Grasss third series\"\"' originally aired between 2 November 2007 and 21 December 2007, beginning with the episode \"\"But is it Art?\"\". A Christmas special aired on 30 December 2007. The series continued to feature the seven main characters that appeared in series one. These were: Lisa Diveney's character, Beth, who was Tyler's girlfriend, was regular throughout the series before leaving the series after the special. Llewellyn (Alan David) and Ray (Nigel Harrison) were also regulars throughout the series. Note No episode was aired on 16 November 2007 because of BBC One's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19149790",
"chunk_text": "\"Mad Men (season 3)\"\nMad Men (season 3) The third season of the American television drama series Mad Men premiered on August 16, 2009 and concluded on November 8, 2009. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 48 minutes in length. AMC broadcast the third season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. Season three takes place six months after the conclusion of the second season (roughly April/May 1963) and ends in December 1963. It chronicles the end of the \"\"Camelot era\"\" as the characters go through immense change in their professional and personal lives. The third season was exalted by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2274984",
"chunk_text": "\"Harry & Paul\"\nwas broadcast\"\". Series 3 ran between 28 October and 2 December 2010, once again for 6 episodes. Unlike the first two series, it contained no audience laugh track. Enfield and Whitehouse won a BAFTA for the second time in 2011, following the third series. Whilst appearing on \"\"The Alan Titchmarsh Show\"\" on 1 April 2011, Paul Whitehouse confirmed that the show had been recommissioned despite reports suggesting it had been cancelled earlier in the year. It began broadcasting on Sunday nights from 28 October 2012. Enfield and Whitehouse reunited for a one-hour special, which aired on 25 May 2014 as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14561411",
"chunk_text": "\"Blake's 7 (audio drama)\"\nto April 2015. They are set during season C of the TV series, some time after \"\"Rumours of Death\"\" following on from the Liberator Chronicles volumes 3 and 9. A story arc running across the six episodes concerns the disappearance and subsequent search for Dayna. It sees the return of Tom Chadbon as Del Grant who appeared in the season B episode \"\"Countdown\"\". A third series, titled \"\"The Spoils of War\"\", consisting of four 60 minute episodes was released as a boxset in July 2017. They are set during season C of the TV series, with the first two episodes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2736565",
"chunk_text": "\"3 Seasons\"\nCanadian T.V and film director. Donovan began his career directing commercials, music videos, and short films, until his feature film directorial debut in 1996, with \"\"2 Mayhem 3\"\". He was born in Montreal and spent most of his life there before he moved to Toronto in early 2010, to work on the television series \"\"Flashpoint\"\". In 2013 Donovan was presented with a Canadian Screen Award for best director for his work on such television show. In 2014 Donovan was nominated for a Directors Guild of Canada award for Best Drama Television Series, for the program \"\"Cracked; Ghost Dance\"\". Jim Donovan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9810090",
"chunk_text": "\"Monk (season 3)\"\nMonk (season 3) The third season of \"\"Monk\"\" originally aired in the United States on USA Network from June 18, 2004, to March 4, 2005. It consists of 16 episodes. Tony Shalhoub, Ted Levine, and Jason Gray-Stanford reprise their roles as the main characters, and Traylor Howard joins the cast. Bitty Schram left the show due to a contract dispute during the Winter hiatus. A DVD of the season was released on July 5, 2005. Andy Breckman continued his tenure as show runner. Executive producers for the season include Breckman and David Hoberman. NBC Universal Television Studio was the primary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3813429",
"chunk_text": "\"3rd Rock from the Sun\"\nhave been discontinued and are now out of print. On November 15, 2010, Beyond Home Entertainment re-released all six seasons on DVD in Region 4. The complete collection was also released three days later, on November 18. As of January 2012, all seasons are available through Netflix. On February 4, the series was removed, although returned to availability on March 15, 2015. The series has since been removed. Seasons 1 and 2 were available to download in the UK through iTunes, but are no longer and no episodes or seasons have been made available digitally since. The entire series is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_828
|
when does canada switch to daylight savings time?
|
n/a
|
[
"the second Sunday of March"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432670",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nDaylight saving time in Canada Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in all ten Canadian provinces and three territories. However, there are exceptions within several provinces and the territory of Nunavut, including most of Saskatchewan, which observes Central Standard Time year-round even though the province is in the Mountain Zone, effectively putting it on DST year-round. Under the Canadian Constitution, laws related to timekeeping are a purely provincial or territorial matter. In regions where daylight saving time is used, it commences on the second Sunday of March, and standard time restarts on the first Sunday in November. Daylight saving time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432671",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nlasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year. Port Arthur, Ontario, was the first municipality in the world to enact DST, on July 1, 1908. Five Canadian cities, by local ordinance, used daylight saving time before 1918: Brandon, Manitoba and Winnipeg, Manitoba (already in 1916) as well as Halifax, Nova Scotia, Hamilton, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec. St. John's, Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador), which did not become part of Canada until 1949, also used DST before 1918. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432672",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nsynchronized with its observance in the United States to facilitate consistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian jurisdictions followed suit to mimic the change. The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005), adding parts of March and November starting in 2007, was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates: Most of British Columbia (BC) is on Pacific Time and observes DST. However, there are two main exceptions: While the rest of Nunavut observes DST, Southampton Island including Coral Harbour",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11347415",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Canada\"\nTime in Canada Canada is divided into six time zones, based on proposals by Scottish Canadian railway engineer Sir Sandford Fleming, who pioneered the use of the 24-hour clock, the world's time zone system, and a standard prime meridian. Most of Canada operates on standard time from the first Sunday in November to the second Sunday in March and daylight saving time the rest of the year. The National Research Council (NRC) maintains Canada's official time through the use of atomic clocks. The NRC makes time servers available for direct synchronization with computers. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has aired a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11347417",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Canada\"\nin the world to use it. It was followed by Winnipeg on April 23, Halifax on April 30, and Hamilton, Ontario on June 4. Daylight saving time is currently observed in all ten provinces and three territories but with several exceptions in several provinces and Nunavut, including most of Saskatchewan, which despite geographically being in the Mountain Time Zone observes year-round CST. Under the Constitution of Canada, laws related to timekeeping are a purely provincial matter. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely synchronized with its observance in the United States to promote",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "543652",
"chunk_text": "\"Eastern Time Zone\"\ndaylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March and return at 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November. In Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. In Canada, the following provinces and territories are part of the Eastern Time Zone: All observe Daylight Saving Time in sync with the United States, with very localized exceptions. The boundary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7321184",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nDaylight saving time in the Americas Daylight saving time in the Americas is the arrangement in the Americas by which clocks are advanced by one hour in spring and moved back in autumn, to make the most of seasonal daylight. The practice is widespread in North America, with most of Canada, Mexico, and the United States participating, but much less so in South America. Canada, Mexico, and the United States use daylight saving time on a wide scale, with only a few states/provinces and parts thereof opting out of the practice or adopting it year-round without the twice yearly switch.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9583994",
"chunk_text": "\"Central Time Zone\"\nSouthern Hemisphere winter and Central Daylight Time during the Southern Hemisphere summer; the remainder of Chile uses Atlantic Standard Time and Atlantic Daylight Time. Daylight saving time (DST) is in effect in much of the Central time zone between mid-March and early November. The modified time is called Central Daylight Time (CDT) and is UTC−5. In Canada, Saskatchewan does not observe a time change. One reason that Saskatchewan does not take part in a time change is that, geographically, the entire province is closer to the Mountain Time Zone's meridian. The province elected to move onto \"\"permanent\"\" daylight saving by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432676",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nsaving time (which in the summer, puts it in sync with the rest of Saskatchewan). This is to keep clocks on the Saskatchewan side in sync with those on the Alberta side; Alberta mandates the use of daylight saving time province-wide. Along the Manitoba border, the small, remote Saskatchewan towns of Denare Beach and Creighton unofficially observe Central Daylight Time during the summer, thereby keeping the same time as larger neighbouring Manitoba communities. Daylight saving time in Canada Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in all ten Canadian provinces and three territories. However, there are exceptions within several provinces and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897694",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nobserves DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at local time. In some countries time is governed by regional jurisdictions within the country so that some jurisdictions shift and others do not; this is currently the case in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. From year to year, the shift dates may change for political and social reasons. The 2007 U.S. change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897690",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nin the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis. Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, see Daylight saving time by country. Clock shifts are usually scheduled at, or soon after, midnight and on a weekend to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary but twenty minute and two hour shifts have been used in the past. In all countries that use daylight saving, the clock is advanced in spring and set back in autumn; the spring change reduces the length of that day and the autumn change",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897693",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nthree hours during the southern summer, and four hours a few weeks per year. Since 1996, European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. Moreover, the beginning and ending dates are roughly reversed between the northern and southern hemispheres because spring and autumn are displaced six months. For example, mainland Chile",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8097056",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nCanada and the United States. The rest of Mexico remains out of phase beginning DST on the first Sunday of April and ending on the last Sunday of October, the same schedule followed by Canada and the United States prior to 2007. Saint Pierre and Miquelon, located near the Canadian coast, belongs to France, but observes daylight saving time according to Canadian rules. Greenland (excluding two minor areas at Danmarkshavn and Pituffik) observes DST and uses the European convention (DST begins 01:00 UTC last Sunday in March and ends 01:00 UTC last Sunday in October). Most populated places in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20549472",
"chunk_text": "\"Pacific Time Zone\"\n(local standard time) to 03:00 LDT (local daylight time) on the first Sunday in April, and returned at 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the last Sunday in October. Effective in the U.S. in 2007 as a result of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the local time changes from PST to PDT at 02:00 LST to 03:00 LDT on the second Sunday in March and the time returns at 02:00 LDT to 01:00 LST on the first Sunday in November. The Canadian provinces and territories that use daylight time each adopted these dates between October 2005 and February 2007.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11347416",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Canada\"\ndaily time signal, the \"\"National Research Council Time Signal\"\", since 5 November 1939. The Government of Canada recommends use of the 24-hour clock, which is widely used in contexts such as transportation schedules, parking meters, and data transmission. Speakers of Canadian French have fully adopted this system, but many users of Canadian English use the 12-hour clock in everyday speech, even when reading from a 24-hour display, similar to the use of the 24-hour clock in the United Kingdom. Four Canadian cities, by local ordinance, used Daylight Saving Time in 1916. Brandon, Manitoba on April 17 became the first place",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2829532",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nto conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year, and the United States adopted daylight saving in 1918. Broadly speaking, most jurisdictions abandoned daylight saving time in the years after the war ended in 1918 (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, Ireland, and the United States). However, many different places adopted it for periods of time during the following decades and it became common during World War II. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe, starting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11347418",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Canada\"\nconsistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian provinces followed suit to mimic the change. The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005), adding parts of March and November starting in 2007, was adopted by the various provinces and territories on the following dates: Data for Canada from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database. Columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself. Time in Canada Canada is divided into six time zones, based on proposals by Scottish Canadian railway engineer Sir",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20549469",
"chunk_text": "\"Pacific Time Zone\"\nPacific Time Zone The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico. Places in this zone observe standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time (). During daylight saving time, a time offset of is used. In the United States and Canada, this time zone is generically called the \"\"Pacific Time Zone\"\". Specifically, time in this zone is referred to as \"\"Pacific Standard Time\"\" (PST) when standard time is being observed (early November to mid-March), and \"\"Pacific Daylight Time\"\" (PDT) when daylight saving time (mid-March to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432675",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nAs a result, while most of Saskatchewan does not change clocks spring and fall, it technically observes DST year round. This means that clocks in most of the province match clocks in Winnipeg during the winter and Calgary and Edmonton during the summer. This time zone designation was implemented in 1966, when the Saskatchewan Time Act was passed in order to standardize time province-wide. The charter of the city of Lloydminster, which is bisected by the Saskatchewan–Alberta boundary, gives it a special exemption. Lloydminster and the immediately surrounding region in Saskatchewan observe Mountain Time year-round, with officially sanctioned seasonal daylight",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6583522",
"chunk_text": "\"Central Time Zone\"\nbeing part of the Central Time Zone. The only exception is the region immediately surrounding the Saskatchewan side of the biprovincial city of Lloydminster, which has chosen to use Mountain Time with DST, synchronizing its clocks with those of Alberta. In those areas of the Canadian and American time zones that observe DST, beginning in 2007, the local time changes at 02:00 local standard time to 03:00 local daylight time on the second Sunday in March and returns at 02:00 local daylight time to 01:00 local standard time on the first Sunday in November. Mexico decided not to go along",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8097055",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nThe United States territory of Puerto Rico adopted DST through legislation passed in 2000 but, after a change in governors, dropped it in 2001, three days before it would have gone into effect. Since 2007, in areas of Canada and United States in which it is used, daylight saving time begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November. In Mexico, Congress has consistently been refusing to adopt this schedule on a nationwide basis for nearly a decade. Therefore, only certain border cities in Mexican states that observe DST follow the same pattern as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3864274",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nother Caribbean nations. The Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten do not observe Daylight Saving Time. The French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin do not observe Daylight Saving Time. Haiti had reestablished Daylight Saving Time again in 2012, following the US/Canada DST Rules, starting on second Sunday in March and ending on first Sunday in November. This was then discontinued in 2016,but was re-introduced in 2017. Jamaica previously used Daylight Saving Time, utilising the US and Canadian rules. The practise was used from 1974 before being discontinued in 1983. Trinidad",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897746",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nsaving time\"\" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated and is currently implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Belarus, Canada (e.g. Saskatchewan), Iceland, Turkey, Morocco, Namibia, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It could be a result of following the timezone of a neighbouring region, political will, or other causes. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6427964",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\none less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter. While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical \"\"nine to five\"\" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed. The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17918895",
"chunk_text": "\"Central Time Zone\"\nCentral Time Zone The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time (CST) is behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). During summer most of the zone uses daylight saving time (DST), and changes to Central Daylight Time (CDT) which is behind UTC. The province of Manitoba is the only province or territory in Canada that observes Central Time in all areas. The following Canadian provinces and territories observe Central Time in the areas noted, while their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12645299",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time by country\"\nto re-evaluate DST in Europe. After a web survey giving high support of not switching clock twice annually on 12 September 2018, the European Commission decided to propose to put an end to seasonal clock changes (repealing Directive 2000/84/EC) In order for this to be valid, the European Union legislative procedure must be followed, mainly that the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament must both approve the proposal. Daylight saving time by country Most areas in North America and Europe, and some areas in the Middle East, observe daylight saving time (DST), while most areas of Africa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3864275",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nand Tobago remains on Atlantic Standard Time and does not observe DST. Turks and Caicos discontinued Daylight Saving Time in March 2015, at the same time moving from Eastern Time to Atlantic Time. The end result being the same as having year-round Daylight Saving in the Eastern Time Zone. Guatemala has used DST during energy crises. The last time it used DST was on April 30, 2006, ending on October 1, 2006. However DST was not observed in 2007-09. Honduras adopted DST from May 1994 until September 1994 but then abandoned it. On May 7, 2006 it again used DST;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17403496",
"chunk_text": "\"Atlantic Time Zone\"\nAtlantic Time Zone The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in . During part of the year, some portions of the zone observe daylight saving time, referred to as Atlantic Daylight Time (ADT), by moving their clocks forward one hour to result in . The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 60th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In Canada, the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island are in this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14859913",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Nunavut\"\neffective October 29, 2000. Many western communities supplied from the south by communities on Mountain time felt this put them too much out of sync with their neighbours. After some debate it was decided the far western communities would be allowed to change back to Central time on November 4, 2000. However they would observe daylight saving time in the summer. This would unify Nunavut with one time in the summer and keep western communities a constant one-hour difference from their southern neighbours. By April 2001 this plan was abandoned. Nunavut reverted to the three previous time zones it inherited",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17403500",
"chunk_text": "\"Atlantic Time Zone\"\ntime. Atlantic Time Zone The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in . During part of the year, some portions of the zone observe daylight saving time, referred to as Atlantic Daylight Time (ADT), by moving their clocks forward one hour to result in . The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 60th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In Canada, the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island are in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18330919",
"chunk_text": "\"Central Time Zone\"\nwith this change and observes their from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U.S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010. Central Time Zone The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time (CST) is behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). During summer most of the zone uses daylight",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20549473",
"chunk_text": "\"Pacific Time Zone\"\nIn Mexico, beginning in 2010, the portion of the country in this time zone uses the extended dates, as do some other parts. The vast majority of Mexico, however, still uses the old dates. Pacific Time Zone The Pacific Time Zone (PT) is a time zone encompassing parts of western Canada, the western United States, and western Mexico. Places in this zone observe standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time (). During daylight saving time, a time offset of is used. In the United States and Canada, this time zone is generically called the \"\"Pacific Time Zone\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1444428",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nof uniform Daylight Saving Time throughout the US. In the U.S., daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November, with the time changes taking place at 2:00 a.m. local time. With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons, clocks \"\"spring forward, fall back\"\"—that is, in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5667272",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight Saving Act of 1917\"\none week after DST was scheduled to take effect. In St. John's DST was first applied on April 8, 1917, by virtue of a local ordinance. DST in Newfoundland came to be known as \"\"Anderson’s Time\"\", at least in the years immediately following its adoption. Daylight-saving time remained a provincial jurisdiction in Newfoundland since 1949. In 1952, the timing was changed such that it began just after midnight of the last Sunday in April and ended at midnight of the last Sunday in September. In 1970, it was extended to the midnight of the last Sunday in October. Daylight Saving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15963449",
"chunk_text": "\"Critical hours\"\nCritical hours Critical hours for radio stations is the time from sunrise to two hours after sunrise, and from two hours before sunset until sunset, local time. During this time, certain American radio stations may be operating with reduced power as a result of Section 73.187 of the Federal Communications Commission's rules. Canadian restricted hours are similar to critical hours, except that the restriction results from the January 17, 1984, U.S.-Canadian AM Agreement. Canadian restricted hours are called \"\"critical hours\"\" in the U.S.-Canadian Agreement, but in the AM Engineering database, the FCC calls them \"\"Canadian restricted hours\"\" to distinguish them",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897691",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nincreases it. For a midnight shift in spring, a digital display of local time would appear to jump from 11:59:59.9 to 01:00:00.0. The time at which clocks are to be shifted differs across jurisdictions. The European Union has a coordinated shift, shifting all zones at the same instant, at 01:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which means that it changes at 02:00 Central European Time (CET) or 03:00 Eastern European Time (EET), the result is that the time differences across European time zone remain constant. North America shifts at 02:00 but at the local time and is consequently uncoordinated so that,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432674",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nThe effect is that in summer their clocks match those of the rest of the province, while in November, their clocks are rejoined by their Atlantic Standard Time neighbours. Although places east of 63° west are officially on Atlantic Time, local custom is to use Eastern Time as far east as the Natashquan River. Those communities observe DST, including all of Anticosti Island, which is bisected by the 63rd meridian. The Magdalen Islands observe Atlantic Time including DST. Although the entire province is geographically within the MST (UTC-7) zone, the province is officially part of the Central time zone (UTC-6).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1582789",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nFormerly, starting and ending dates were variable, but in 2008, a decree (No. 6558 of 9 September 2008) established a permanent rule: DST starts at 00:00 on the third Sunday in October from 2008 to 2017 (and on the first Sunday in November from 2018 to the present), and ends at 00:00 on the third Sunday in February—unless the latter falls during Carnaval: in this case, the end of DST is postponed by one week. The next four times in which the end of DST is scheduled to be postponed are 2023, 2026, 2034 and 2037. Chile did not observe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7321197",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nDST in 2015 when the government declared that the country would remain on GMT-3 permanently. But on March 16, 2016, decree 253 modified the 2015 decision and restored winter time. It would last 90 days from the second weekend of May to the second weekend of August. In the past, DST was observed from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, but it has varied (see Time in Chile). In 2008, for example, the time was adjusted on Sunday, March 30, at 12 midnight. In 2010, because of an earthquake, DST remained in effect until April",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14036090",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time by country\"\nDaylight saving time by country Most areas in North America and Europe, and some areas in the Middle East, observe daylight saving time (DST), while most areas of Africa and Asia do not. In South America, most countries in the north of the continent near the equator do not observe DST, while Paraguay and southern parts of Brazil do. The practice of observing daylight saving time in Oceania is also mixed, with New Zealand and parts of southeastern Australia observing DST, while most other areas do not. On 8 February 2018, the European Parliament voted to ask the European Commission",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2829551",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nbenefits. A 2017 meta-analysis of 44 studies found that DST leads to electricity savings of only 0.34% during the days when DST applies. The meta-analysis furthermore found that \"\"electricity savings are larger for countries farther away from the equator, while subtropical regions consume more electricity because of DST.\"\" This means that DST may conserve electricity in some countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, but be wasteful in other places, such as Mexico, the southern United States, and northern Africa. The savings in electricity may also be offset by extra use of other types of energy, such as heating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432673",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Canada\"\nremain on Eastern Standard Time throughout the year. The Kitikmeot Region including Cambridge Bay observes DST but is on Mountain Time. Eureka, Nunavut, a permanent research station on Ellesmere Island, also stays on Eastern Standard Time throughout the year. Most of Ontario uses DST. Pickle Lake, Atikokan and New Osnaburgh, three communities located within the Central Time Zone in northwestern Ontario, observe Eastern Standard Time all year long. Most of Quebec observes DST. However, the eastern reaches of Quebec's North Shore, east of 63° west longitude, are in the Atlantic Time Zone, but do not observe DST (see exception, below).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14453645",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nUnited States conventions on DST because it is a US air base, meaning it is part of the Atlantic Time Zone. Bermuda has observed DST annually since 1974. The Commonwealth of The Bahamas observes DST according to the American schedule. Although not part of the Caribbean geographically, it is often included in the Caribbean in regional interactions and shares much of its culture with its southern neighbours. Barbados in the western Atlantic no longer observes Daylight Saving Time, like many Caribbean nations. The last observance of a daylight savings related time clock adjustment was between Sunday, 20 April 1980 at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897748",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nCongress changes federal law, states can not implement permanent DST—states can only opt out of DST, not standard time. Daylight saving time Daylight saving time (DST), also daylight savings time or daylight time (United States), also summer time (United Kingdom and others), is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time. In effect, DST causes a lost hour of sleep in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1582777",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\ncountry are in the UTC−3 zone in the winter (UTC−2 in the summer). Because of this, with respect to local time, clocks are changed from 22:00 to 23:00 in the spring (on the Saturday before the last Sunday in March), and reset back from 23:00 to 22:00 in the autumn (on the Saturday before the last Sunday in October). Danmarkshavn does not use DST, because it is a weather station with an airstrip which is supplied from Iceland, which does not use DST. This might apply to some other weather stations in the area. Pituffik/Thule Air Base uses UTC−4 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897688",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\ncommittee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915. Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada, was the first city in the world to enact DST on July 1, 1908. This was followed by Orillia, Ontario, introduced by William Sword Frost while mayor from 1911 to 1912. The first states to adopt DST () nationally were those of the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary commencing April 30, 1916 as a way",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8097059",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\n2:00 AM – Thursday, 25 September 1980 at 2:00 AM. On 25 September the clock was shifted -3:00 – -4:00 where it has remained since. Cuba normally observes DST from March to October although the precise dates vary. For two years in the mid-2000s (decade), Cuba stayed on DST throughout the year. In 2009 it was on DST from the second Sunday in March to the last Sunday of October. In 2011, it was on DST from the third Sunday in March to the second Sunday in November. Dominica in the Caribbean does not observe Daylight Saving Time, like several",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6427960",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nDaylight saving time Daylight saving time (DST), also daylight savings time or daylight time (United States), also summer time (United Kingdom and others), is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time. In effect, DST causes a lost hour of sleep in the spring and an extra hour of sleep in the fall. George Hudson proposed the idea of daylight saving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897692",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nfor example, Mountain Time is, for one hour, zero hours ahead of Pacific Time instead of one hour ahead in the autumn and two hours instead of one ahead of Pacific Time in the spring. The dates on which clocks are to be shifted also vary with location and year; consequently, the time differences between regions also vary throughout the year. For example, Central European Time is usually six hours ahead North American Eastern Time, except for a few weeks in March and October/November, while the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could be five hours apart during the northern summer,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2829552",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nfuel. The period of Daylight Saving Time before the longest day is shorter than the period after, in several countries including the United States and Europe. For example, in the U.S. the period of Daylight Saving Time is defined by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The period for Daylight Saving Time was extended by changing the start date from the first Sunday of April to the second Sunday of March, and the end date from the last Sunday in October to the first Sunday in November. DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_829
|
where does jack ryan live in patriot games?
|
n/a
|
[
"Baltimore, Maryland"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6511262",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nthe Prince and Princess of Wales and their infant son occurs at the Mall in London. The attack is orchestrated by members of the Ulster Liberation Army, an ideologically Maoist and ultra-radical Irish terrorist group splintered from the Provisional Irish Republican Army. However, Jack Ryan, who happens to be nearby, interferes with their operation, killing one of the attackers and incapacitating another, named Sean Miller, at the same time that Miller shoots him in the shoulder. Miller is later arrested. While recovering from his shoulder wound, Ryan is honored by the British government and later becomes a knight. Meanwhile, Miller",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16379774",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\nhis companions had already fled the camp and were on their way to the U.S. to stage their next attack. Lord Holmes decides to visit Ryan at his home to formally present his honorary knighthood. With the aid of Lord Holmes' traitorous assistant, Miller's group tracks Holmes to Ryan's house in Maryland. They kill the DSS agents and state troopers guarding the residence, and make an attempt to kidnap Lord Holmes. Ryan leads Holmes and his family to safety while he attempts to lure Miller and his companions away from the home. The FBI's Hostage Rescue Team scrambles to pick",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6511263",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nis sentenced to life imprisonment for the kidnapping attempt; however, his ULA compatriots led by Kevin O’Donnell free him while he is being transported to a maximum security prison in the Isle of Wight. They are then aided by Libyan allies in escaping into their secret training camp in the North African desert. Miller vows revenge on Ryan for making his recent operation fail. Ryan is back teaching history in the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, relieved with the fact that the ULA will not attack him in the United States. Unbeknownst to him, Miller had persuaded his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6511265",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nto crash on a freeway; they are later transported by helicopter to the University of Maryland Medical Center for treatment. After the attack on his family, Ryan accepts an offer from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to start working as an analyst at their headquarters, partly to collect more information about the previously little-known ULA. Later, the Prince and Princess of Wales come to visit Ryan at his house in Maryland. However, this provides another opportunity for the ULA to strike, once again recruiting the services of “the Movement”. The night of the visit, they launch a sneak attack on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16379771",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\non June 5, 1992 and spent two weeks as the No. 1 film, grossing $178,051,587 in worldwide box office business. The next installment in the film series, \"\"Clear and Present Danger\"\", also starred Ford and Archer. Retired CIA analyst Jack Ryan is on vacation with his family in London. They witness a terrorist attack on Lord William Holmes, Minister of State for Northern Ireland. Ryan intervenes and is injured, but he kills one of the assailants, Patrick Miller, while his older brother Sean Miller looks on. The remaining attackers flee, as Sean is apprehended by the police. While recovering, Ryan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6511261",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nPatriot Games Patriot Games is a thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published on July 1987. It is the indirect sequel to \"\"Without Remorse\"\", and is chronologically the first book featuring Jack Ryan, the main character in most of Clancy’s novels. The novel focuses on Ryan being the target of Irish terrorist group Ulster Liberation Army for thwarting their kidnapping attempt on the Prince and Princess of Wales in London. It debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list. A film adaptation, starring Harrison Ford as Ryan, premiered on June 5, 1992. A kidnapping attempt on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16379772",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\nis called to testify in court against Miller, who is part of a splinter cell of the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Miller is later convicted for his crimes. While being transferred to HM Prison Albany on the Isle of Wight, Miller's escort convoy is ambushed by his comrades, including Kevin O'Donnell, who execute the police officers, and coordinates an escape. Miller and his companions flee to North Africa to plan another kidnapping attempt on Lord Holmes. Miller also persuades several members of the group to accompany him to the U.S. to kill Ryan and his family. Ryan survives an assassination",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6511266",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nRyan’s home and kidnap the Prince and Princess of Wales, as well as Ryan’s family. Although several guards around the house, including Secret Service personnel, are killed, Ryan, his friend, fighter pilot Robert “Robby” Jackson, and the Prince manage to kill some of the terrorists. They later receive assistance from the local police, the United States Marines, and sailors from the U.S. Naval Academy, who prevent the remaining terrorists from escaping the country in a container ship. Ryan encounters a cornered Miller and tries to kill him, but is restrained by his weapons instructor. After the ULA terrorists are apprehended,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630027",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\npassed his stockbroker's exam and took a position with Wall Street investment firm Merrill Lynch's Baltimore office. His parents died in a plane crash at Chicago Midway International Airport 19 months after his crash in Crete. He developed a fear of flying that persisted for years. The film version of \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\" changed his education background to being a 1972 graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, 20 miles south of Baltimore in the state capital. In the 2018 Amazon Prime series, Ryan's Ph.D. is in economics rather than history. While managing clients' portfolios,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6426969",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (film series)\"\nby Ryan, the American submarine USS Dallas will try to assist the \"\"Red October\"\" in escaping from attacks by the Soviet submarine \"\"V.K. Konovalov\"\" so that it may be brought safely into US waters. Patriot Games (1992) begins with former CIA analyst, Jack Ryan (Harrison Ford), now a professor at the U.S. Naval Academy, who was badly wounded after intervening in an attack on the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in London and killing one of the assailants. The remaining attackers were able to escape, including Sean Miller (Sean Bean), the brother of the man Ryan killed. Miller",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16379773",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\nattempt by two terrorists outside the United States Naval Academy. Later, Miller and a henchman attack Ryan's wife and daughter on a busy highway, injuring them both. Enraged over the attack on his family, Ryan decides to go back to work for the CIA, having earlier rejected the appeal of his former superior, Vice Admiral James Greer. Ryan's work leads him to conclude that Miller has taken refuge in a training camp in Libya. A Special Air Service team attacks and kills everyone in the camp while Ryan looks on through a live satellite feed. Unbeknownst to Ryan, Miller and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630043",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\na nuclear missile at Qom (thus preventing the attack), where the Iranian ayatollah lives. The crisis and Elliot scandal drives Fowler to resign. On this note, Ryan retires from the CIA and flies to Riyadh in Saudi Arabia to witness the execution of the surviving terrorists, and is then honored by the U.S.'s Middle Eastern allies by being presented with the sword used to execute the Iranian terrorists. The film again departs from the novel, by presenting a younger, unmarried Ryan, an intelligent mistress-free Fowler, a Greer-like Cabot, and the nuclear bomb is detonated over the city Baltimore instead of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16379775",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\nup Holmes. Ryan develops a ruse to leave his family and Lord Holmes behind, near a shoreline, while racing away from the coast on a boat. Miller, O'Donnell and Annette follow suit, and chase him in a secondary boat. Upon realizing that Ryan is leading them away from Holmes, O'Donnell and Annette try to persuade him to turn around. But an enraged Miller kills them both and continues his pursuit of Ryan. Miller reaches Ryan's boat, jumps aboard, and attacks Ryan. Ryan impales Miller on an anchor, killing him. The actors who played Jack and Caroline Ryan in \"\"The Hunt",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16305063",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nsell the rights to his other novel \"\"The Sum of All Fears\"\" (1989). By the time the film was released in 2002, the author had cooled off on the idea of having his books made into films. Patriot Games Patriot Games is a thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published on July 1987. It is the indirect sequel to \"\"Without Remorse\"\", and is chronologically the first book featuring Jack Ryan, the main character in most of Clancy’s novels. The novel focuses on Ryan being the target of Irish terrorist group Ulster Liberation Army for thwarting their kidnapping attempt on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16305052",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nsuperior O’Donnell to launch an operation in the U.S. aimed at targeting Ryan and his family, and had recruited the assistance of an African-American domestic terrorist group referred to as “the Movement” to do so. While the op is an act of revenge, it is also designed to reduce American support for the rival PIRA, which is to be blamed for the upcoming attack. The assassin sent to kill Ryan at his place of work is intercepted before he manages to complete his task. However, his wife Cathy and their daughter Sally are seriously injured when Miller causes their car",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16305058",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\njust choreographing my opening chapter, to make sure it would happen exactly the way I wrote it. Later, when I took my kids there, I could tell them, 'This is the tree that Jack Ryan hid his wife and daughter behind, and that's the road where the bad guys escaped.' I feel a moral obligation to my readers to get it right. In the insurance business, you have to pay attention to details or a client could lose everything. A doctor has to, a cop, a fireman, why not a writer?\"\" Although he was criticized for doubling down on technical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16305059",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\ndetails in the novel, Clancy considers \"\"Patriot Games\"\" to be his best. Discussing about the final scene where Jack Ryan lets the primary antagonist Sean Miller live instead of killing him, Clancy remarked: \"\"Of all the letters I got on \"\"Patriot Games\"\", not one said, 'He should have killed the little bastard.' Personally I'd have done it. You harm my kids and I'll blow you away. You don't touch my kids. But I'm not Jack Ryan. He has to be in control. He plays by the rules.\"\" Commercially, \"\"Patriot Games\"\" debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13762574",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\ndecency and humanity to the role of CIA analyst Jack Ryan, making it his own.\"\" The film was a financial success, debuting at the number one position for the weekend of June 5, 1992. During that weekend, the film grossed $18,511,191 in business showing at 2,365 locations. The film's revenue dropped by 39.5% in its second week of release, earning $11,208,134. For that particular weekend, the film remained in 1st place with an increased theater count of 2,396. \"\"Patriot Games\"\" went on to top out domestically at $83,351,587 in ticket sales and $94,700,000 in foreign business for a worldwide total",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630024",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\n\"\"\"\", starred Chris Pine. The Jack Ryan film series have an unadjusted worldwide gross revenue of $788.4 million to date, making it the 57th highest-grossing film series. John Krasinski is the latest actor to play Ryan, in the Amazon Prime web television series of the same name, which premiered on August 30, 2018. Ryan was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, Emmet William Ryan, was a Baltimore Police Department homicide lieutenant and World War II veteran. The elder Ryan had served with the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division at the Battle of the Bulge in western Europe. His mother, Catherine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630022",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nJack Ryan (character) John Patrick \"\"Jack\"\" Ryan, Sr. is a fictional character created by author Tom Clancy and featured in his Ryanverse novels, which have consistently topped the New York Times best seller list over 30 years. Since Clancy’s death in 2013, four other authors have continued the Ryan franchise and its other connecting series with the approval of the Clancy family estate: Mark Greaney, Grant Blackwood, Mike Maden, and Marc Cameron. The son of a Baltimore police detective and a nurse, Jack Ryan is a former U.S. Marine and stockbroker who became a history teacher at Boston College in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6511267",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nhe arrives in Bethesda to witness the birth of his son, Jack Ryan, Jr. \"\"Patriot Games\"\" was notable for subverting the moral ambiguity of the antagonists in espionage novels by John le Carré, Len Deighton, and Robert Ludlum. According to Marc Cerasini’s essay on the novel, “Clancy’s sensible revulsion toward the terrorists is so strident and intense...that it verges on the physical.” He added that “the author’s understandable disgust toward his villains is ‘bourgeois’, for there is not a shred of sympathy for these Irish ‘patriots’.” The novel is also said to be inspired by the gothic horror genre in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16305060",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games\"\nlist for the week of August 2, 1987. It has since sold over 1,063,000 hardcover copies by the next year. Critically, the book received generally positive reviews. \"\"The New York Times\"\" praised it as \"\"a powerful piece of popular fiction; its plot, if implausible, is irresistible, and its emotions are universal.\"\" However, Kirkus Reviews's verdict is mixed, stating that \"\"Exciting shoot-outs and chases, and lots of Royal wish-fulfillment; but without naval authenticity to bolster the prose, Clancy is a fish out of water.\"\" The novel was adapted as a feature film, which was released on June 5, 1992. Jack Ryan",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630025",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nBurke Ryan, was a nurse. \"\"Without Remorse\"\" mentioned that he had a sister, who lived in Seattle. After graduating from Loyola High School (now Loyola Blakefield), a Roman Catholic Jesuit prep school in Towson, Maryland in suburban Baltimore County, Ryan attended Boston College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics (with a strong minor in history) and a commission as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps (via Officer Candidate School). While waiting for the Corps to assign him, he passed the Certified Public Accountant exam. After officer training at Marine Corps Base Quantico in Quantico, Virginia,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630023",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nBoston, Massachusetts. Ryan later joins the Central Intelligence Agency, as analyst and occasional field officer, eventually leaving it as Deputy Director. He later served as National Security Advisor and Vice President before suddenly becoming President of the United States following a terrorist attack on the United States Capitol. Ryan went on to serve two non-consecutive terms and mostly dealt with international crises in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Jack Ryan has been portrayed in Clancy’s film adaptations of four of his novels by Alec Baldwin, Harrison Ford, and Ben Affleck. In 2014, a reboot of the film series, titled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16780142",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (film series)\"\ngoes on a Cold War-like state of alert. CIA director William Cabot (Morgan Freeman) recruits young analyst Jack Ryan (Ben Affleck) to supply insight and advice on the situation in Russia and discover whether the paranoia is founded. Ryan soon discovers that a neo-nazi terrorist group is planning to provoke a war between the U.S. and Russia, by detonating a nuclear bomb at a football game in Baltimore. After viewing galley proofs of Tom Clancy's 1984 novel \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\", producer Mace Neufeld optioned the rights to the novel in 1985. Despite the book becoming a best seller,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12900728",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Ryan\"\nonce the 2012 Olympic Games concluded. His final column in \"\"The Boston Globe\"\" was published August 12, 2012. Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Ryan grew up in a house, \"\"that revolved around going to games\"\" and went to high school at the Lawrenceville School from 1960 to 1964. He graduated from Boston College as a history major in 1968. Ryan and his wife Elaine have a daughter Jessica, and a son Keith who died in 2008. They are grandparents of triplets. They have been married since 1969. Today, Ryan lives in Hingham, Massachusetts. The dedication page in \"\"Forty Eight Minutes\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630074",
"chunk_text": "\"John Clark (Tom Clancy character)\"\nin my gunsights\"\", but never got the green light allowing him to kill the man (\"\"Clear and Present Danger\"\"). He first enters the Jack Ryan universe in \"\"Without Remorse\"\", which also features police officer Emmet Ryan and his son Jack. Although he does not appear in \"\"Patriot Games\"\", it is later revealed that he was the CIA's liaison with a French black ops unit involved in the campaign against the ULA. He also does not appear in \"\"Red Rabbit\"\", but he is mentioned as giving advice to trainees at The Farm, the CIA training facility. He appears briefly in \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16379770",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\nPatriot Games (film) Patriot Games is a 1992 American spy thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce and based on Tom Clancy's novel of the same name. It is a sequel to the 1990 film \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\", but with different actors in the leading roles, Harrison Ford starring as Jack Ryan and Anne Archer as his wife. James Earl Jones is the lone holdover, reprising his role as Admiral James Greer. The cast also includes Sean Bean, Patrick Bergin, Thora Birch, Samuel L. Jackson, James Fox, and Richard Harris. The film premiered in theaters in the United States",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12988629",
"chunk_text": "\"Sam Fisher (Splinter Cell)\"\na farmhouse in rural Germantown, Maryland (according to the novelizations of the series). According to the 2013 graphic novel, \"\"Splinter Cell: Echoes\"\" (which takes place during the end of \"\"Conviction\"\" and before the events that happened at the beginning of \"\"Splinter Cell: Blacklist\"\"), Sam now resides in a two-story house in Falls Church, Virginia, where his daughter, who currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia, stayed with him for a while during the book before moving to New York. Sam's signature sidearm is the FN Five-seveN, which is also his preferred weapon of choice throughout the \"\"Splinter Cell\"\" franchise. During the \"\"Washington",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630065",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nOctober\"\", Harrison Ford in \"\"Patriot Games\"\" (1992), and \"\"Clear and Present Danger\"\" (1994), and Ben Affleck in the 2002 film \"\"The Sum of All Fears\"\". In the novels, \"\"Patriot Games\"\" occurs before \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\", though the order was reversed in the film versions. Additionally, \"\"The Sum of All Fears\"\" is not part of Baldwin/Ford series, but rather an intended reboot of the franchise which departs significantly from the chronology of the novels. It takes place in 2002, whereas the novel takes place in 1991/1992. \"\"Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit\"\" is a second reboot of the franchise and departs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6426966",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (film series)\"\nJack Ryan (film series) The \"\"Jack Ryan\"\" film series is an American series of thriller films, based on the fictional character of Jack Ryan, who originally appeared in a series of books by Tom Clancy. In the series of five films, four actors have portrayed Ryan. Despite inconsistency with its lead actors and crew members, the series has been distributed solely by Paramount Pictures since its inception. Mace Neufeld has produced every film in the series, with producing partner Robert Rehme co-producing \"\"Patriot Games\"\" and \"\"Clear and Present Danger\"\" and Lorenzo di Bonaventura co-producing \"\"Shadow Recruit\"\". With a combined unadjusted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15592047",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Brennan\"\nmade up by Morgan for dramatic purposes; however, at the time he did warn Frost, in person over lunch, not to re-edit the footage to change the focus to make Nixon look bad. Journalist Diane Sawyer, who helped Nixon prepare for the interviews in 1977, noted that, unlike his portrayal as a stern military personality in the film, Brennan is \"\"the funniest guy you ever met in your life, an irreverent, wonderful guy.\"\" Brennan currently resides in Palm Springs, California, and spends summers in Little Compton, Rhode Island. He is a booster for the Providence College Friars and donated his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630058",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nHong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan and expand his country's territory into the South China Sea in a desperate attempt to recoup his country's economic losses. In reality, PLA Chairman Su Ke Qiang has been manipulating President Wei for his expansionist policies, secretly sanctioning cyber attacks on America's infrastructure that compromises the nation's national security apparatus. President Ryan decides to take action by supporting Taiwan, along with India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines, which would also be affected by an expansion of China's territory. The Campus later tracks down the nerve center of China's cyberattacks on the U.S. to an office",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630055",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nPresident by default. Before Ryan leaves office, he creates The Campus, a covert counter-terrorism organization that fronts as Hendley Associates, a financial trading firm. He also writes 100 presidential pardons for its members, with Attorney General Pat Martin's assistance. In his retirement, Ryan is living easy with a net worth of over $80 million. He is working on two versions of his memoirs, one for immediate release, and another detailing his CIA career to be published twenty years after his death. While he is at first publicly silent about his opinion on President Kealty's policies, he becomes increasingly frustrated with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16780148",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (film series)\"\nOn December 3, 2013, \"\"The Jack Ryan Collection\"\" was finally issued on Blu-ray. Jack Ryan (film series) The \"\"Jack Ryan\"\" film series is an American series of thriller films, based on the fictional character of Jack Ryan, who originally appeared in a series of books by Tom Clancy. In the series of five films, four actors have portrayed Ryan. Despite inconsistency with its lead actors and crew members, the series has been distributed solely by Paramount Pictures since its inception. Mace Neufeld has produced every film in the series, with producing partner Robert Rehme co-producing \"\"Patriot Games\"\" and \"\"Clear and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13762575",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot Games (film)\"\nof $178,051,587 through an initial 9-week theatrical run. For 1992 as a whole, the film would cumulatively rank at a box office performance position of 14. Patriot Games (film) Patriot Games is a 1992 American spy thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce and based on Tom Clancy's novel of the same name. It is a sequel to the 1990 film \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\", but with different actors in the leading roles, Harrison Ford starring as Jack Ryan and Anne Archer as his wife. James Earl Jones is the lone holdover, reprising his role as Admiral James Greer. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2668993",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nhe went on to serve briefly as a Marine infantry platoon leader. However, his military career was cut short at the age of 23 when his platoon's helicopter, a CH-46 Sea Knight, crashed during a North Atlantic Treaty Organization exercise over the Greek island of Crete. The crash badly injured Ryan's back. U.S. Navy surgeons at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland inadequately repaired his back. This led to a lengthy recovery process (during which he became addicted to pain medications) after which, complete with a permanent disability and wearing a back brace, he left the Marines. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630042",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nFowler's lover/manipulator, becomes National Security Advisor. They not only deny Ryan any credit for an innovative Middle East peace plan (basically turning Jerusalem into a Vatican-like city co-ruled by three Christian, Jewish, and Arab/Muslim mayors), but also panic when Palestinian and former East German terrorists detonate a nuclear bomb in Denver during the Super Bowl and nearly plunge the world into a Soviet-American nuclear war. Ryan defuses the nuclear crisis by commandeering the Washington-Moscow hot line and convincing the Soviet Premier (through his friend Golovko) that the crisis is a setup. He then refuses to confirm Fowler's order to launch",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4066818",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (TV series)\"\nseason one in a recurring capacity. On July 20, 2018, it was announced during Amazon's San Diego Comic-Con panel that Noomi Rapace had joined the main cast for season two. In August 2018, it was announced that Michael Kelly, Jovan Adepo, Jordi Molla, Cristina Umaña, and Francisco Denis had joined the cast of season two as series regulars. On September 25, 2018, it was reported that Tom Wlaschiha had been cast in a recurring role for season two. \"\"Jack Ryan\"\" was filmed in multiple locations. On May 10, 2017, Krasinski was spotted filming his scenes in Washington, D.C. For the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15907411",
"chunk_text": "\"Hunt Stockwell\"\nby Carla, who also takes over the operation when Stockwell is captured. Stockwell has access to a large number of agents all over the world and numerous intelligence resources. As Stockwell himself explains: \"\"\"\"I work inside the system. I keep my skirts clean, I am a dedicated American patriot.\"\"\"\" He is seen mostly in his private jet or at the A-Team's safehouse in Langley, Virginia (set up by Stockwell). His existence is mostly secret, and his operation is shown to be purely dependent on him, set to \"\"dissolve\"\" if Stockwell doesn't call in to an undisclosed location at certain intervals.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14267604",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Clancy\"\nJack Ryan series has been continued by his family estate through a series of authors. Clancy was born on April 12, 1947, at Franklin Square Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up in the Northwood neighborhood in northeast Baltimore. He was the second of three children to Thomas Clancy, who worked for the United States Postal Service, and Catherine Clancy, who worked in a store's credit department. His mother worked to send him to the private Roman Catholic secondary school taught by the Jesuit religious order (Society of Jesus), Loyola High School in Towson, Maryland, the suburban county seat of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630039",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nand his sub secretly to the U.S., eventually succeeding.\"\" Ryan is reassigned to the CIA headquarters at Langley and becomes Admiral Greer’s special assistant. He is sent to Moscow as part of the American nuclear weapons reduction (START) team, and later engineers the extraction of CARDINAL, CIA’s highest agent-in-place, from the country. Along the way, he also forces KGB chairman Nikolay Gerasimov to defect due to his anti-American nature, which could jeopardize the arms reduction talks once he becomes General Secretary. His plan involves a disinformation campaign that shows himself under SEC investigation for insider trading, which provides an opening",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2669026",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\nbuilding in Guangzhou. President Ryan orders the destruction of the building, decapitating China's cyberwarfare abilities. He makes contact with Wei and warns him that the cyber attacks are considered an act of war on China's part. After realizing that he has been used by Su for his own gain, Wei intentionally divulges information on Chairman Su's whereabouts, which Ryan interprets as a request from the Chinese president to assassinate the military leader. The Campus, with aid from a local rebel force and the FSB, later carry out a false flag attack on Chairman Su's motorcade outside Beijing. Ryan announces a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2449856",
"chunk_text": "\"Support and Defend\"\nLibya; the ITP leader is later killed. Caruso chases them to a chalet in the Alps. Caruso sees Ross being tortured by Mobasheri for the password to the data scrape. Outnumbered, he decides to kill him using a sniper rifle; the Iranian and his henchmen later flee the scene with the flash drive. Caruso manages to contact the local CIA deputy station chief in order to dispatch an infantry platoon training nearby to block Mobasheri’s escape. Caruso then apprehends Mobasheri and secures the data scrape. On October 1, 2013, author and creator of the Jack Ryan series Tom Clancy died.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8414711",
"chunk_text": "\"John J. \"\"Bald Jack\"\" Ryan\"\nhe was granted immunity by becoming a federal witness, based on his claim that Postal Department employees had accepted bribes from him in exchange for allowing him to continue to operate. The trial of the alleged perpetrators eventually resulted in acquittal. In August 1903, Ryan appeared at Saratoga, New York, and became known to the public attending the horse races as \"\"Plunger Ryan\"\", making $30,000 bets on the outcome of races. When the Saratoga meeting ended at the end of August, Ryan took his betting spree on to the New York tracks, Sheepshead Bay and Brighton Beach Race Course among",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14267603",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Clancy\"\nfor Red October\"\" for $5,000. His works \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\" (1984), \"\"Patriot Games\"\" (1987), \"\"Clear and Present Danger\"\" (1989), and \"\"The Sum of All Fears\"\" (1991) have been turned into commercially successful films. Actors Alec Baldwin, Harrison Ford, Ben Affleck, Chris Pine, and John Krasinski have played Clancy's most famous fictional character, Jack Ryan. Another well-known character of his, John Clark, has been portrayed by actors Willem Dafoe and Liev Schreiber. Tom Clancy's works also inspired games such as the \"\"Ghost Recon\"\", \"\"Rainbow Six\"\", and \"\"Splinter Cell\"\" series. Clancy died on October 1, 2013. Since his death, his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2897340",
"chunk_text": "\"Duty and Honor (novel)\"\nlist. Jack Ryan Jr. is on a forced leave from The Campus after disobeying orders in his last mission (depicted in \"\"Commander in Chief\"\"). One night outside a market in Alexandria, Virginia, he survives a mugging attack by fighting back; the wounded mugger later stumbles into an eight-wheeler truck, killing him. Ryan investigates the circumstances behind the incident using clues left behind by his attacker, and is later convinced that he is being targeted for assassination when he finds out that another man similar to his description was killed a week ago. Over the course of his investigation, Ryan meets",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5571607",
"chunk_text": "\"Spy High\"\nAntarctica (\"\"Agent Orange\"\"). Deveraux College – the \"\"Deveraux Academy\"\" in the US books – was built by Mr. Jonathan Deveraux before his death. Situated north of Boston, USA, it is a large Gothic mansion-like building covered with ivy, surrounded by a lake, a golf course, and fields for sports complexes. There is a continuous hologramatic game of football being played to maintain the cover. The first floor of the college, home to ex-secret agent receptionist Violet Crabtree, is also filled with holograms of students. An elevator decorated to look like a study, descends to the heart of Spy High –",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5630030",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (character)\"\na professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins. After creating a net worth of $8 million, Ryan left the firm after four years and enrolled at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. for six doctoral courses in history. He does a brief stint at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, then accepts a position at the U.S. Naval Academy as a civilian professor of history. In addition, he has also written books on naval history: \"\"Options and Decisions\"\", \"\"Doomed Eagles\"\", and \"\"Fighting Sailor\"\", a biography of World War II Admiral William \"\"Bull\"\" Halsey, in which he justifies Halsey's actions during the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6426967",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Ryan (film series)\"\nworldwide gross of $788.4 million to date, the films constitute the 57th highest-grossing film series. The films have been nominated for four Academy Awards, winning one for Sound Effects (now Sound Editing) in \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\" (at the 63rd Awards). The continuity of the films differ from the novels. In the novels, \"\"Patriot Games\"\" occurs before \"\"The Hunt for Red October\"\", though the order was reversed in the film versions. Additionally, \"\"The Sum of All Fears\"\" is not part of the Baldwin/Ford series, but rather an intended reboot of the franchise, and therefore departs significantly from the chronology",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_830
|
who gave the famous objective co relative theory?
|
n/a
|
[
"T.S. Eliot"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11956469",
"chunk_text": "\"Relational theory\"\nThe alternative spatial theory is an absolute theory in which the space exists independently of any objects that can be immersed in it. The relational point of view was advocated in physics by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Ernst Mach (in his Mach's principle). It was rejected by Isaac Newton in his successful description of classical physics. Although Albert Einstein was impressed by Mach's principle, he did not fully incorporate it into his general theory of relativity. Several attempts have been made to formulate a full Machian theory, but most physicists think that none have so far succeeded. For example, see",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1611386",
"chunk_text": "\"Theory of conjoint measurement\"\nTheory of conjoint measurement The theory of conjoint measurement (also known as conjoint measurement or additive conjoint measurement) is a general, formal theory of continuous quantity. It was independently discovered by the French economist Gérard Debreu (1960) and by the American mathematical psychologist R. Duncan Luce and statistician John Tukey . The theory concerns the situation where at least two natural attributes, \"\"A\"\" and \"\"X\"\", non-interactively relate to a third attribute, \"\"P\"\". It is not required that \"\"A\"\", \"\"X\"\" or \"\"P\"\" are known to be quantities. Via specific relations between the levels of \"\"P\"\", it can be established that \"\"P\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5237248",
"chunk_text": "\"Avogadro's law\"\n\"\"P\"\" are taken at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), then \"\"k\"\"'=1/\"\"n\"\", where \"\"n\"\" is Loschmidt constant. Avogadro's hypothesis (as it was known originally) was formulated in the same spirit of earlier empirical gas laws like Boyle's law (1662), Charles's law (1787) and Gay-Lussac's law (1808). The hypothesis was first published by Amadeo Avogadro in 1811, and reconciled Dalton atomic theory with the \"\"incompatible\"\" idea of Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac that some gases were composite of different fundamental substances (molecules) in integer proportions. In 1814, independently from Avogadro, André-Marie Ampère published the same law with similar conclusions. As Ampère was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1611424",
"chunk_text": "\"Theory of conjoint measurement\"\ndata using polynomial conjoint measurement. The data were generated using Humphry's extended frame of reference Rasch model . He found support of distributive, single and double cancellation consistent with a distributive polynomial conjoint structure in three variables . Theory of conjoint measurement The theory of conjoint measurement (also known as conjoint measurement or additive conjoint measurement) is a general, formal theory of continuous quantity. It was independently discovered by the French economist Gérard Debreu (1960) and by the American mathematical psychologist R. Duncan Luce and statistician John Tukey . The theory concerns the situation where at least two natural attributes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6627630",
"chunk_text": "\"Equivalent weight\"\nof oxygen is sixteen. The work of Charles Frédéric Gerhardt (1816–56), Henri Victor Regnault (1810–78) and Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826–1910) helped to rationalise this and many similar paradoxes, but the problem was still the subject of debate at the Karlsruhe Congress (1860). Nevertheless, many chemists found equivalent weights to be a useful tool even if they did not subscribe to atomic theory. Equivalent weights were a useful generalisation of Joseph Proust's law of definite proportions (1794) that enabled chemistry to become a quantitative science. French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–84) became one of the more influential opponents of atomic theory, after having",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9857973",
"chunk_text": "\"Occam's razor\"\nEinstein's formulation of special relativity, in the development and application of the principle of least action by Pierre Louis Maupertuis and Leonhard Euler, and in the development of quantum mechanics by Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg and Louis de Broglie. In chemistry, Occam's razor is often an important heuristic when developing a model of a reaction mechanism. Although it is useful as a heuristic in developing models of reaction mechanisms, it has been shown to fail as a criterion for selecting among some selected published models. In this context, Einstein himself expressed caution when he formulated Einstein's Constraint: \"\"It can scarcely",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3273992",
"chunk_text": "\"George S. Hammond\"\nGeorge S. Hammond George Simms Hammond (May 22, 1921 – October 5, 2005) was an American scientist and theoretical chemist who developed \"\"Hammond's postulate\"\", and fathered organic photochemistry,–the general theory of the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. Hammond's research is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. His research garnered him the Norris Award in 1968, the Priestley Medal in 1976, the National Medal of Science in 1994, and the Othmer Gold Medal in 2003. He served as the executive chairman of the Allied Chemical Corporation from 1979 to 1989. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12384387",
"chunk_text": "\"Théophile de Donder\"\nCartan. From 1914 on, he was influenced by the work of Albert Einstein and was an enthusiastic proponent of the theory of relativity. He gained significant reputation in 1923, when he developed his definition of chemical affinity. He pointed out a connection between the chemical affinity and the Gibbs free energy. He is considered the father of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. De Donder’s work was later developed further by Ilya Prigogine. De Donder was an associate and friend of Albert Einstein. Théophile de Donder Théophile Ernest de Donder (; 19 August 1872 – 11 May 1957) was a Belgian mathematician",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "81631",
"chunk_text": "\"Coherence (units of measurement)\"\nof powers of base units with the proportionality factor being one. If a system of units has both equations and base units, with only one base unit for each base quantity, then it is coherent if and only if every derived unit of the system is coherent. The concept of coherence was developed in the mid-nineteenth century by, amongst others, Kelvin and James Clerk Maxwell and promoted by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The concept was initially applied to the centimetre–gram–second (CGS) in 1873 and the foot–pound–second systems (FPS) of units in 1875. The International System of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3713042",
"chunk_text": "\"Gustav Fechner\"\nGustav Fechner Gustav Theodor Fechner (; ; 19 April 1801 – 18 November 1887) was a German philosopher, physicist and experimental psychologist. An early pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics, he inspired many 20th century scientists and philosophers. He is also credited with demonstrating the non-linear relationship between psychological sensation and the physical intensity of a stimulus via the formula: formula_1, which became known as the Weber–Fechner law. Fechner was born at Groß Särchen, near Muskau, in Lower Lusatia, where his father was a pastor. Despite being raised by his religious father, Fechner became an atheist in later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14820292",
"chunk_text": "\"George Berkeley\"\nGeorge Berkeley George Berkeley (; 12 March 168514 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne) – was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called \"\"immaterialism\"\" (later referred to as \"\"subjective idealism\"\" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers and, as a result, cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism. Berkeley was the namesake of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "943296",
"chunk_text": "\"Critical point (thermodynamics)\"\nvapor disappears beyond the critical point has been challenged by Fisher and Widom who identified a p,T-line that separates states with different asymptotic statistical properties (Fisher-Widom line). The existence of a critical point was first discovered by Charles Cagniard de la Tour in 1822 and named by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1860 and Thomas Andrews in 1869. Cagniard showed that CO could be liquefied at 31 °C at a pressure of 73 atm, but not at a slightly higher temperature, even under pressures as high as 3,000 atm. Solving the above condition formula_3 for the van der Waals equation, one can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17259502",
"chunk_text": "\"Waldo R. Tobler\"\nWaldo R. Tobler Waldo Rudolph Tobler (November 16, 1930 – February 20, 2018) was an American-Swiss geographer and cartographer. Tobler's idea that \"\"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things\"\" is referred to as the \"\"first law of geography.\"\" He has proposed a second law as well: \"\"The phenomenon external to an area of interest affects what goes on inside\"\". Tobler was an active Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara Department of Geography until his death. In 1961, Tobler received his Ph.D. in the Department of Geography at the University",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5711137",
"chunk_text": "\"Detailed balance\"\ndetailed balance with other types of balancing (like cyclic balance) and found that \"\"Now it is impossible to assign a reason\"\" why detailed balance should be rejected (pg. 64). Albert Einstein in 1916 used the principle of detailed balance in a background for his quantum theory of emission and absorption of radiation. In 1901, Rudolf Wegscheider introduced the principle of detailed balance for chemical kinetics. In particular, he demonstrated that the irreversible cycles <chem>A1 -> A2 -> \\cdots -> A_\\mathit{n} -> A1</chem> are impossible and found explicitly the relations between kinetic constants that follow from the principle of detailed balance.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12964570",
"chunk_text": "\"Equivalence principle\"\nsame gives Kepler's statement that D/D=M/M, without knowing the time to collision or how or if the acceleration force from gravity is a function of distance. Newton's gravitational theory simplified and formalized Galileo's and Kepler's ideas by recognizing Kepler's \"\"animal force or some other equivalent\"\" beyond gravity and inertia were not needed, deducing from Kepler's planetary laws how gravity reduces with distance. The equivalence principle was properly introduced by Albert Einstein in 1907, when he observed that the acceleration of bodies towards the center of the Earth at a rate of 1\"\"\"\"g\"\"\"\" (\"\"g\"\" = 9.81 m/s being a standard reference",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2823008",
"chunk_text": "\"Emission theory\"\nscientists. The name most often associated with emission theory is Isaac Newton. In his \"\"corpuscular theory\"\" Newton visualized light \"\"corpuscles\"\" being thrown off from hot bodies at a nominal speed of \"\"c\"\" with respect to the emitting object, and obeying the usual laws of Newtonian mechanics, and we then expect light to be moving towards us with a speed that is offset by the speed of the distant emitter (\"\"c\"\" ± \"\"v\"\"). In the 20th century, special relativity was created by Albert Einstein to solve the apparent conflict between electrodynamics and the principle of relativity. The theory's geometrical simplicity was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15559165",
"chunk_text": "\"Subjective theory of value\"\nSubjective theory of value The subjective theory of value is a theory of value which advances the idea that the value of a good is not determined by any inherent property of the good, nor by the amount of labor necessary to produce the good, but instead value is determined by the importance an acting individual places on a good for the achievement of his desired ends. The modern version of this theory was created independently and nearly simultaneously by William Stanley Jevons, Léon Walras, and Carl Menger in the late 19th century. According to the subjective theory of value,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17160685",
"chunk_text": "\"Galileo's ship\"\nof the mast would fall directly to the foot. To prove the point Galileo's fictional advocate Salviati proposed the experiment described below to show the classical principle of relativity according to which there is no internal observation (i.e. without, as it were, looking out the window) by which one can distinguish between a system moving uniformly from one at rest. Hence, any two systems moving without acceleration are equivalent, and unaccelerated motion is relative. Nearly three centuries later, this notion was applied to the laws of electricity and magnetism (Maxwell's equations) by Albert Einstein. This led to the formulation of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18963883",
"chunk_text": "\"Korte's law\"\nis counterintuitive. One might expect that successive stimuli are \"\"less\"\" likely to be perceived as a single object as both distance and SOA increase, and therefore, a negative relationship should be observed instead. In fact, such a negative relationship can be observed as well as Korte's law. Which relationship holds depends on speed. Korte's law In psychophysics, Korte's law, also known more completely as Korte's third law of apparent motion, is an observation relating the phenomenon of apparent motion to the distance and duration between two successively presented stimuli. It was originally proposed in 1915 by Adolf Korte. A modern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12964568",
"chunk_text": "\"Equivalence principle\"\nEquivalence principle In the theory of general relativity, the equivalence principle is the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and Albert Einstein's observation that the gravitational \"\"force\"\" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (such as the Earth) is the same as the \"\"pseudo-force\"\" experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference. Something like the equivalence principle emerged in the early 17th century, when Galileo expressed experimentally that the acceleration of a test mass due to gravitation is independent of the amount of mass being accelerated. Kepler, using Galileo's discoveries, showed knowledge of the equivalence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15601339",
"chunk_text": "\"Intrinsic theory of value\"\nIntrinsic theory of value An intrinsic theory of value (also called theory of objective value) is any theory of value in economics which holds that the value of an object, good or service, is intrinsic, meaning that it can be estimated using objective measures. Most such theories look to the process of producing an item, and the costs involved in that process, as a measure of the item's intrinsic value. The labour theory of value is an early example of an intrinsic theory, which was originally proposed by Adam Smith and further developed by David Ricardo and Karl Marx and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3274022",
"chunk_text": "\"George S. Hammond\"\nat high or low temperatures, the mixture of the kinetic and thermodynamic products eventually reach the same ratio, one in favor of the more stable thermodynamic product, when given time to equilibrate due to microreversal. Hammond married Marian Reese in 1945, and had five children with her. The couple divorced in 1975, and he was remarried soon after to Eve Menger. He had two children with Eve. George S. Hammond George Simms Hammond (May 22, 1921 – October 5, 2005) was an American scientist and theoretical chemist who developed \"\"Hammond's postulate\"\", and fathered organic photochemistry,–the general theory of the geometric",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10557833",
"chunk_text": "\"History of statistics\"\nsubjective ideas predate objectivist positions. The idea that 'probability' should be interpreted as 'subjective degree of belief in a proposition' was proposed, for example, by John Maynard Keynes in the early 1920s. This idea was taken further by Bruno de Finetti in Italy (\"\"Fondamenti Logici del Ragionamento Probabilistico\"\", 1930) and Frank Ramsey in Cambridge (\"\"The Foundations of Mathematics\"\", 1931). The approach was devised to solve problems with the frequentist definition of probability but also with the earlier, objectivist approach of Laplace. The subjective Bayesian methods were further developed and popularized in the 1950s by L.J. Savage. Objective Bayesian inference was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18801542",
"chunk_text": "\"Equipartition theorem\"\ndue to quantum effects; it is also inconsistent with the experimentally derived third law of thermodynamics, according to which the molar heat capacity of any substance must go to zero as the temperature goes to absolute zero. A more accurate theory, incorporating quantum effects, was developed by Albert Einstein (1907) and Peter Debye (1911). Many other physical systems can be modeled as sets of coupled oscillators. The motions of such oscillators can be decomposed into normal modes, like the vibrational modes of a piano string or the resonances of an organ pipe. On the other hand, equipartition often breaks down",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13537883",
"chunk_text": "\"Lambert's cosine law\"\nLambert's cosine law In optics, Lambert's cosine law says that the radiant intensity or luminous intensity observed from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle \"\"θ\"\" between the direction of the incident light and the surface normal. The law is also known as the cosine emission law or Lambert's emission law. It is named after Johann Heinrich Lambert, from his \"\"Photometria\"\", published in 1760. A surface which obeys Lambert's law is said to be \"\"Lambertian\"\", and exhibits Lambertian reflectance. Such a surface has the same radiance when viewed from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9409042",
"chunk_text": "\"Clyde Coombs\"\nAssociation. The development of scaling theory by Louis Guttman and Clyde Coombs has been recognized by Science as one of 62 major advances in the social sciences in the period 1900-1965 Clyde Coombs Clyde Hamilton Coombs (July 22, 1912 – February 4, 1988) was an American psychologist specializing in the field of mathematical psychology. He devised a voting system, that was hence named Coombs' method. Coombs founded the Mathematical Psychology program at the University of Michigan. His students included the late Amos Tversky, Robyn Dawes, and Baruch Fischhoff, all important researchers in Decision Sciences. The classic text \"\"An Introduction to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10087234",
"chunk_text": "\"Objective correlative\"\nmimesis and diegesis….\"\" (28). According to Formalist critics, this action of creating an emotion through external factors and evidence linked together and thus forming an objective correlative should produce an author's detachment from the depicted character and unite the emotion of the literary work. The \"\"occasion\"\" of E. Montale is a further form of correlative. The works of Eliot were translated in Italian by the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature Eugenio Montale, whose poetry he influenced. The term was first coined by the American painter and poet Washington Allston(1779-1843), was introduced by T.S.Eliot, rather casually, into his essay \"\"Hamlet and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1611390",
"chunk_text": "\"Theory of conjoint measurement\"\nthe committee. In its Final Report (Ferguson, \"\"et al.\"\", 1940), Campbell and the Committee concluded that because psychological attributes were not capable of sustaining concatenation operations, such attributes could not be continuous quantities. Therefore, they could not be measured scientifically. This had important ramifications for psychology, the most significant of these being the creation in 1946 of the \"\"operational theory of measurement\"\" by Harvard psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens. Stevens' non-scientific theory of measurement is widely held as definitive in psychology and the behavioural sciences generally . Whilst the German mathematician Otto Hölder (1901) anticipated features of the theory of conjoint",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18963882",
"chunk_text": "\"Korte's law\"\nKorte's law In psychophysics, Korte's law, also known more completely as Korte's third law of apparent motion, is an observation relating the phenomenon of apparent motion to the distance and duration between two successively presented stimuli. It was originally proposed in 1915 by Adolf Korte. A modern formulation of the law is that the greater the length of a path between two successively presented stimuli, the greater the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) must be for an observer to perceive the two stimuli as a single mobile object. Typically, the relationship between distance and minimal SOA is linear. Arguably, Korte's law",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13418217",
"chunk_text": "\"Cumulative prospect theory\"\nCumulative prospect theory Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is a model for descriptive decisions under risk and uncertainty which was introduced by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1992 (Tversky, Kahneman, 1992). It is a further development and variant of prospect theory. The difference between this version and the original version of prospect theory is that weighting is applied to the cumulative probability distribution function, as in rank-dependent expected utility theory but not applied to the probabilities of individual outcomes. In 2002, Daniel Kahneman received the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his contributions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12227547",
"chunk_text": "\"Amedeo Avogadro\"\noften referred to as the Loschmidt number in German-speaking countries (Loschmidt constant now has another meaning). Avogadro's Law states that the relationship between the masses of the same volume of all gases (at the same temperature and pressure) corresponds to the relationship between their respective molecular weights. Hence, the relative molecular mass of a gas can be calculated from the mass of sample of known volume. Avogadro developed this hypothesis after Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac had published in 1808 his law on volumes (and combining gases). The greatest problem Avogadro had to resolve was the confusion at that time regarding atoms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3418930",
"chunk_text": "\"Conjunction fallacy\"\nConjunction fallacy The conjunction fallacy (also known as the Linda problem) is a formal fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one. The most often-cited example of this fallacy originated with Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. Although the description and person depicted are fictitious, Amos Tversky's secretary at Stanford was named Linda Covington, and he named the famous character in the puzzle after her. \"\"Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11338221",
"chunk_text": "\"Law of multiple proportions\"\nLaw of multiple proportions In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry used to establish the atomic theory, alongside the law of conservation of mass (matter) and the law of definite proportions. It is sometimes called Dalton's Law after its discoverer, the British chemist John Dalton, who published it in the first part of the first volume of his \"\"New System of Chemical Philosophy\"\" (1808). Here is the statement of the law: For example, Dalton knew that the element carbon forms two oxides by combining with oxygen in different proportions. A fixed mass",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1936579",
"chunk_text": "\"Lancelot Law Whyte\"\nLancelot Law Whyte Lancelot Law Whyte (1896–1972) was a Scottish philosopher, theoretical physicist, historian of science and financier. He claimed to have worked with Albert Einstein on the unified field theory. He further claimed that this work was based on the theory of the 18th century natural philosopher Roger Boscovich. Whyte proposed something he called \"\"the unitary principle\"\" to unify physics theories. Experimental work on this theory was carried out by Leo Baranski. Whyte was the author of the book \"\"Internal Factors in Evolution\"\" (1968). He proposed that Darwin's theory of natural selection is limited to external factors, and internal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8019493",
"chunk_text": "\"Correspondence principle\"\nCorrespondence principle In physics, the correspondence principle states that the behavior of systems described by the theory of quantum mechanics (or by the old quantum theory) reproduces classical physics in the limit of large quantum numbers. In other words, it says that for large orbits and for large energies, quantum calculations must agree with classical calculations. The principle was formulated by Niels Bohr in 1920, though he had previously made use of it as early as 1913 in developing his model of the atom. The term codifies the idea that a new theory should reproduce under some conditions the results",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19638074",
"chunk_text": "\"Avogadro's law\"\ncertain temperatures, and that Avogadro's law determined not only molecular masses, but atomic masses as well. The combined gas law (the combination of Boyle, Charles and Gay-Lussac laws), together with Avogadro's law, were combined by Émile Clapeyron in 1834, giving rise to the ideal gas law. At the end of the 19th century, later developments from scientists like August Krönig, Rudolf Clausius, James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, gave rise to the kinetic theory of gases, a microscopic theory from which the ideal gas law can be derived as an statistical result from the movement of atoms/molecules in a gas.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4026968",
"chunk_text": "\"Burkhard Heim\"\nJean Cocteau created a drawing with Einstein, Newton and Copernicus under the mystic \"\"Eye of Heim\"\". Burkhard Heim Burkhard Heim (; February 9, 1925 – January 14, 2001) was a German theoretical physicist. He devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory. One of his childhood ambitions was to develop a method of space travel, which contributed to his motivation to find such a theory. During World War II, Heim was conscripted into the air force. However, a previous essay about explosives led to his working briefly in a chemical laboratory",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13641120",
"chunk_text": "\"Complementarity (physics)\"\nhand. Bohr publicly introduced the principle of complementarity in a lecture he delivered on 16 September 1927 at the International Physics Congress held in Como, Italy, attended by most of the leading physicists of the era, with the notable exceptions of Einstein, Schrödinger, and Dirac. However, these three were in attendance one month later when Bohr again presented the principle at the Fifth Solvay Congress in Brussels, Belgium. The lecture was published in the proceedings of both of these conferences, and was republished the following year in \"\"Naturwissenschaften\"\" (in German) and in \"\"Nature\"\" (in English). An article written by Bohr",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16318300",
"chunk_text": "\"Fisher's principle\"\nFisher's principle Fisher's principle is an evolutionary model that explains why the sex ratio of most species that produce offspring through sexual reproduction is approximately 1:1 between males and females. A. W. F. Edwards has remarked that it is \"\"probably the most celebrated argument in evolutionary biology\"\". Fisher's principle was famously outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1930 book \"\"The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection\"\" (but has been incorrectly attributed to Fisher as original). Specifically, Fisher couched his argument in terms of parental expenditure, and predicted that parental expenditure on both sexes should be equal. Sex ratios that are 1:1",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6432764",
"chunk_text": "\"Tobler's first law of geography\"\nTobler's first law of geography The First Law of Geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is \"\"everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.\"\" This first law is the foundation of the fundamental concepts of spatial dependence and spatial autocorrelation and is utilized specifically for the inverse distance weighting method for spatial interpolation and to support the regionalized variable theory for kriging. Tobler first presented his seminal idea during a meeting of the International Geographical Union's Commission on Qualitative Methods held in 1969 and later published by him in 1970. Though simple in its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6195027",
"chunk_text": "\"Objectivity (science)\"\nexacerbated by the overgeneralization of a hypothesis to the whole. \"\"E.g.\"\" Newton's law of universal gravitation appears to be the norm for the attraction between celestial bodies, but it was later superseded by the more general theory of relativity. The scientific method was argued for by Enlightenment philosopher Francis Bacon, rose to popularity with the discoveries of Isaac Newton and his followers, and continued into later eras. In the early eighteenth century, there existed an epistemic virtue in science which has been called \"\"truth-to-nature\"\". This ideal was practiced by Enlightenment naturalists and scientific atlas-makers, and involved active attempts to eliminate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11054158",
"chunk_text": "\"Superposition principle\"\nDaniel Bernoulli in 1753: \"\"The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.\"\" The principle was rejected by Leonhard Euler and then by Joseph Lagrange. Later it became accepted, largely through the work of Joseph Fourier. Superposition principle The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually. So that if input \"\"A\"\" produces response \"\"X\"\" and input \"\"B\"\" produces response \"\"Y\"\" then input (\"\"A\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3597384",
"chunk_text": "\"Mathematical physics\"\ntheory of motion. Also in 1905, Albert Einstein (1879–1955) published his special theory of relativity, newly explaining both the electromagnetic field's invariance and Galilean invariance by discarding all hypotheses concerning aether, including the existence of aether itself. Refuting the framework of Newton's theory—absolute space and absolute time—special relativity refers to \"\"relative space\"\" and \"\"relative time\"\", whereby \"\"length\"\" contracts and \"\"time\"\" dilates along the travel pathway of an object. In 1908, Einstein's former professor Hermann Minkowski modeled 3D space together with the 1D axis of time by treating the temporal axis like a fourth spatial dimension—altogether 4D spacetime—and declared the imminent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13386387",
"chunk_text": "\"Relative utilitarianism\"\nthis formula to make sense, we must assume that the utility functions formula_6 are both cardinal, and interpersonally comparable at a cardinal level. The notion that individuals have cardinal utility functions is not that problematic. Cardinal utility has been implicitly assumed in decision theory ever since Daniel Bernoulli's analysis of the Saint Petersburg Paradox. Rigorous mathematical theories of cardinal utility (with application to risky decision making) were developed by Frank P. Ramsey, Bruno de Finetti, von Neumann and Morgenstern, and Leonard Savage. However, in these theories, a person's utility function is only well-defined up to an `affine rescaling'. Thus, if",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16255299",
"chunk_text": "\"Objective-collapse theory\"\nby Ghirardi, Pearle, and Rimini in 1990. The straightforward generalization of continuous collapse theories, such as CSL, to the relativistic case, leads to problematic divergencies of the particle density. The formulation of a proper Lorentz-covariant theory of continuous objective collapse is still a matter of research, although suggestions have been published e.g. by Philip Pearle. Objective-collapse theory Objective-collapse theories, also known as quantum-mechanical spontaneous-localization models (QMSL), are an approach to the interpretational problems of quantum mechanics. They are realistic and indeterministic and reject hidden variables. The approach is similar to the Copenhagen interpretation, but more firmly objective. The most well-known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1388623",
"chunk_text": "\"Commensurability (philosophy of science)\"\nCommensurability (philosophy of science) Commensurability is a concept in the philosophy of science whereby scientific theories are commensurable if scientists can discuss them using a shared nomenclature that allows direct comparison of theories to determine which theory is more valid or useful. On the other hand, theories are incommensurable if they are embedded in starkly contrasting conceptual frameworks whose languages do not overlap sufficiently to permit scientists to directly compare the theories or to cite empirical evidence favoring one theory over the other. Discussed by Ludwik Fleck in the 1930s, and popularized by Thomas Kuhn in the 1960s, the problem",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13948400",
"chunk_text": "\"Henry George\"\nGeorge's understanding of value paralleled theirs. However, he either did not understand or did not appreciate the importance of marginal utility.\"\" On the contrary, George explicitly used marginal utility in his analyses of both the 'margin of production' in macroeconomics and microeconomic decision theory. Another spirited response came from British biologist T.H. Huxley in his article \"\"Capital – the Mother of Labour,\"\" published in 1890 in the journal \"\"The Nineteenth Century\"\". Huxley used the scientific principles of energy to undermine George's theory, arguing that, energetically speaking, labor is unproductive. Henry George Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13529598",
"chunk_text": "\"Mach's principle\"\nMach's principle In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote: You are standing in a field looking at the stars. Your arms are resting freely at your side, and you see that the distant stars are not moving. Now start spinning. The stars are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18784644",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the cooperative movement\"\nVanek developing a general theory. David Ellerman began a line of theoretical thinking beginning with legal principles, developing especially the labor theory of property, and later reaching a treatment which evaluates the role of capital in labor managed firms using the conventional economic production formula Q = f(K, L). At one point in the 1990s he worked at the World Bank with Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz. Co-operative enterprises were formed successfully following Rochdale, and an international association was formed in 1895. Co-operative enterprises are now widespread, with one of the largest and most successful examples being the industrial Mondragón Cooperative",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12787802",
"chunk_text": "Adequality\nAdequality Adequality is a technique developed by Pierre de Fermat in his treatise \"\"Methodus ad disquirendam maximam et minimam\"\" (a Latin treatise circulated in France c. 1636) to calculate maxima and minima of functions, tangents to curves, area, center of mass, least action, and other problems in calculus. According to André Weil, Fermat \"\"introduces the technical term adaequalitas, adaequare, etc., which he says he has borrowed from Diophantus. As Diophantus V.11 shows, it means an approximate equality, and this is indeed how Fermat explains the word in one of his later writings.\"\" (Weil 1973). Diophantus coined the word παρισότης (\"\"parisotēs\"\")",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_831
|
what is the meaning of the name mandy?
|
n/a
|
[
"Lovable"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10740682",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (name)\"\nMandy (name) Mandy can be used as a given name, a diminutive, or a nickname, for both female and male genders. It is often used as a diminutive (i.e. short form, see hypocorism) of the female names Amanda or Miranda, or as a given name in its own right. It is also used as a nickname for the male names Armand, Armando, Mandel or Emmanuel. Variants, for both male and female, include Mandi, Mandie and Manda. Its usage as a popular female name can be traced back to at least the beginning of the 20th century, with the song \"\"Mandy\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10740683",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (name)\"\nby Irving Berlin in 1919, and the Joyce Lankester Brisley's children's books of Milly-Molly-Mandy in the 1920s. The pop song \"\"Mandy\"\" by Barry Manilow (1974) and the Irish boyband Westlife (2003) speak to the resurgent popularity of the name in recent times. Mandy (name) Mandy can be used as a given name, a diminutive, or a nickname, for both female and male genders. It is often used as a diminutive (i.e. short form, see hypocorism) of the female names Amanda or Miranda, or as a given name in its own right. It is also used as a nickname for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10009366",
"chunk_text": "Amanda\nAmanda Amanda is a Latin female gerundive name meaning \"\"deserving to be loved,\"\" \"\"worthy of love,\"\" or \"\"loved very much by everyone.\"\" Its diminutive form includes Mandy, Manda and Amy. The name \"\"Amanda\"\" first appeared in 1212 on a birth record from Warwickshire, England, and five centuries later the name was popularized by poets and playwrights. In the United States, \"\"Amanda\"\" slowly became more prominent from the 1930s to the 1960s, ranking among the top 200 baby names. From 1976 to 1995, \"\"Amanda\"\" ranked in the ten most popular female baby names in the United States. The name was most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14194720",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (24 character)\"\nMandy (24 character) Mandy is a fictional character, played by Mia Kirshner, on the television series \"\"24\"\". She is a terrorist and a professional assassin, and is notable for being one of the few longtime antagonists of the series to remain alive. Though there is a significant amount of time in between her appearances, her actions within the show are usually substantial and traumatic to the main characters. After Ellen complained that Mandy's lesbian kiss in Season One was using lesbianism as a \"\"sign of impending doom.\"\" Mandy is frequently referred to in the press and by fans as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2845250",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (2018 film)\"\nIcelandic composer Jóhann Jóhannsson, who died in February 2018; the film is dedicated to him. Somewhere near the Shadow Mountains in the year 1983, Red Miller lives with his girlfriend, artist Mandy Bloom, in a cabin near the lake. Red works as a logger, while Mandy has a day job as a cashier at a nearby gas station in the woods. She creates elaborate fantasy art, and Red admires her work greatly. They lead a quiet and reclusive life, and their conversations and behavior hint at a difficult past and psychological hardship. Red appears to be a recovering alcoholic and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9409254",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (1952 film)\"\nMandy (1952 film) Mandy is a 1952 British film about a family's struggle to give their deaf daughter a better life. It was directed by Alexander Mackendrick and is based on the novel \"\"The Day Is Ours\"\" by Hilda Lewis. It stars Phyllis Calvert, Jack Hawkins and Terence Morgan, and features the first film appearance by Jane Asher. In the US the film was released as The Story of Mandy, later also distributed as Crash of Silence. Harry and Christine Garland have a deaf daughter, Mandy. As they realise their daughter's situation, the parents enroll Mandy in special education classes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13384702",
"chunk_text": "\"Amanda Morgan (Dorsai)\"\nAmanda Morgan (Dorsai) Amanda Morgan (also \"\"ap Morgan\"\" for generations after the First Amanda -- \"\"ap\"\" is a Welsh Patronymic similar to \"\"Mac\"\" in Gaelic) is the name of several fictional characters appearing in Gordon R. Dickson's Childe Cycle series of novels and stories. This includes the protagonist of the novella \"\"Amanda Morgan\"\" in \"\"The Spirit of Dorsai\"\" and \"\"The Dorsai Companion\"\". Within the Childe Cycle there are several characters that have a triple nature which manifests itself in different ways (see: Welsh Triads) Amanda Morgan is one of them, and as a unique character she is a single character",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2845249",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (2018 film)\"\nMandy (2018 film) Mandy is a 2018 psychedelic action horror film directed by Panos Cosmatos and co-written by Cosmatos and Aaron Stewart-Ahn. A co-production of the United States and Canada, the film stars Nicolas Cage, Andrea Riseborough, Linus Roache, Ned Dennehy, Olwen Fouéré, Richard Brake, and Bill Duke. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018, and was theatrically released on September 14, 2018 by RLJE Films. \"\"Mandy\"\" received critical acclaim, with praise directed at its style, its originality, Cage's performance, Cosmatos' direction, and the action sequences. It is one of the last films scored by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18344699",
"chunk_text": "\"Mira (given name)\"\nMira (given name) Mira is a feminine given name with varying meanings. In the Romance languages, it is related to the Latin words for \"\"wonder\"\" and \"\"wonderful.\"\" In South Slavic languages, it means \"\"peace\"\" and is often used as part of a longer name, such as Miroslava (masculine form: Miroslav) or Sławomira (masculine form: Sławomir). In Albanian language, it means \"\"goodness\"\" or \"\"kindness\"\". In Sanskrit, it means \"\"ocean\"\", \"\"sea\"\", \"\"limit\"\" or \"\"boundary\"\" In Hebrew, it is a derivative of Miriam or the female equivalent of Meir, meaning light. It is distinct from \"\"Myra\"\" which has a different origin. People with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9843443",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Ventrice\"\nfirst major publishing deal with Atlantic Records and Warner/Chappell Music. Mandy currently lives in the Bay Area, where she continues to write for major and independent artists, as well as for the TV/film industry. Mandy Ventrice Amanda Nicole Ventrice (born September 12, 1985), better known by her stage name Mandy Ventrice, is an American recording artist, songwriter, and vocal producer. Born in the Bay Area, Mandy Ventrice began her music career at a very early age; writing her first song at the age of seven, and completing her first CD independently by the age of thirteen. Soon after, Ventrice joined",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20369893",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Rain\"\nMandy Rain Amanda Rose Moseley (born December 20, 1993) better known by her stage name Mandy Rain, is an American recording artist, dancer, and actress. Rain started her acting career at a young age. In 2007, Rain auditioned for Star Camp, a Nickelodeon television show that focuses on the making of a super star musical group. Rain was chosen along with seven other kids to join the show and The Giggle Club. The band disbanded shortly after the series' finale. Shortly afterwards, The Giggle Club's producer Nick Cannon decided to groom Rain for a solo career. Cannon started bringing Rain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18847637",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Lieu\"\nCo., Salvatore Ferragamo, Marc by Marc Jacobs, Dior, Omega to HK Fashion Week, Ted Baker, Miu Miu, Mulberry, Shiseido\"\", and \"\"Swarovski\"\". In 2012, Mandy broke into movie \"\"TaiChi O\"\". Her career path keep expanding with box-office successes like \"\"Black & White: The Dawn of Justice\"\" (2014) and \"\"To The Fore\"\" (2015). Growing up in multicultural country Lieu is multilingual and can speak Malay, Cantonese, Mandarin, English, and Japanese. Mandy Lieu stated that she does not officially have a Chinese name despite the rumour that her Chinese name is 劉碧麗. She said that 劉碧麗 is a name created by netizens, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7342254",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Takhar\"\nMandy Takhar Mandeep Kaur \"\"Mandy\"\" Takhar () commonly known as Mandy Takhar is a British Indian actress, who predominantly appears in Punjabi films. Mandy Takhar was born and raised in the city of Wolverhampton in the UK. She belongs to a Sikh Jatt family and traces her roots to Maliana, a small village near Phagwara in Punjab. While growing up Mandy was quite a tom boy. During high school she was the only female in boy's rugby team, football team, and she also trained in Martial Arts. She then moved to London from her family home when she was 17,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19372350",
"chunk_text": "\"Sami (name)\"\nSami (name) Sami (also Samy or Sammy) (, , ) is a given name and surname of different origins and meanings, most prevalent in the Arab world and Scandinavia. When spelled in English, it can be spelled as \"\"Samy\"\" or \"\"Sammy\"\" and often mistakenly confused as the abbreviated English name Sammy. Sami can be an Arabic name meaning \"\"elevated\"\" (الرفعة) or \"\"sublime\"\" (السُّمُوّ), or a Turkish name, a Finnish male name derived from Samuel, or an American name abbreviated from Samantha or Samuel. When used outside of English speaking countries – specifically amongst non-native Arabic speakers – the name Sami",
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"chunk_id": "8688322",
"chunk_text": "\"Hana (name)\"\nHana (name) Hana as a given name may have any of several origins. It can be a variant transliteration of Hannah, which is the Jewish and French and Christian form, meaning \"\"grace\"\" in Hebrew associated with God. It is also a Kurdish name meaning hope (), a Persian name meaning flower (), and an Arabic name meaning \"\"happiness\"\" (). As a Japanese name, it is usually translated as \"\"flower\"\" (). In Korean, it means the number \"\"one\"\" (). In Albanian, \"\"Hana\"\" means \"\"moon\"\". In Hawaiian, \"\"Hana\"\" means \"\"craft\"\" or \"\"work\"\" . In Maori, \"\"Hana\"\" means to shine, glow, give out",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "3224136",
"chunk_text": "\"Dean Yeagle\"\nDean Yeagle Dean Yeagle is an American animator and cartoonist, born in 1950 in the United States, known for his character Mandy, which has appeared in the pages of \"\"Playboy\"\" magazine. As a young Disney fan, Yeagle set his sights on becoming an animator for Disney around the age of 10. During this time he often drew Disney characters, but later began to develop his own. After graduating from high school, Yeagle went to art school, leaving after a year. Yeagle began his animation career in a small studio in Philadelphia with a summer job, giving him his first taste",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13627269",
"chunk_text": "Milly-Molly-Mandy\nMilly-Molly-Mandy Milly-Molly-Mandy refers to a series of children's books written and illustrated by Joyce Lankester Brisley, as well as to the main character of those books. Each book has a number of short stories about the little girl in the pink-and-white striped dress. The length of each chapter is well matched to the needs of a bedtime story for children aged roughly five to eight. The illustrations show Milly-Molly-Mandy growing from about age four through to age eight, as can be seen by her physical development. Milly-Molly-Mandy's real name is Millicent Margaret Amanda, but she was given the nickname because",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (2018 film)\"\nCaruthers warns him that his odds of survival are poor. Red forges a battle axe and hunts down the bikers. He is able to successfully run down one and kill him, but he is captured in the process. At their hideout, Red manages to break free and kill the remaining bikers, and he consumes some of their cocaine and tainted LSD, causing him to instantly and severely hallucinate. Seeking out a radio tower he envisioned earlier, Red encounters The Chemist, a mysterious drug manufacturer, who tells him where to find the Children of the New Dawn. At their makeshift wooden",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14176487",
"chunk_text": "Kailey\nKailey Kailey is a surname and feminine first or middle name. The name has multiple origins depending on the spelling. As an example, one of the forms originates from the Gaelic word for a social celebration, (pronounced kā'lē). However, there are other meanings from around the world based on the spelling, even though there is a similar sound. In another form, \"\"Kailey\"\" is Greek for \"\"rare beauty\"\". It is a Welsh name meaning \"\"slender.\"\" And in English it means keeper of the keys. With the following variation, \"\"Kaily\"\" has a Hebrew origin which also means \"\"laurel\"\", \"\"crown\"\" or \"\"princess.\"\" The",
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_text": "\"Amanda Morgan (Dorsai)\"\nAmanda character is probably the most well defined and rounded of these, with the possible exception of the Donal Graeme - Paul Formain - Hal Mayne trinity. She is also one of a select few characters to appear in several stories, and like Ian Graeme to have an illumination story directly focused on her. In this she has become one of the classic characters in Science Fiction. Amanda Morgan (Dorsai) Amanda Morgan (also \"\"ap Morgan\"\" for generations after the First Amanda -- \"\"ap\"\" is a Welsh Patronymic similar to \"\"Mac\"\" in Gaelic) is the name of several fictional characters appearing",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11477673",
"chunk_text": "NoLay\nMandy. Mandy was the girlfriend of leading character Dris and the mother of his child. After a dozen EP and mixtape releases over the course of a decade, NoLay released album \"\"This Woman\"\" in 2017, previewed by a video for track \"\"Dancing With The Devil\"\", which tackled domestic violence. Nolay also released a video in July 2017 for the track \"\"Marching\"\" also lifted from her March 2017 release \"\"This Woman\"\" Explaining her name NoLay explains: “It comes from the times when I was younger. It’s like you know referring to not procrastinating and wasting time. Just get to it and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20369910",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Rain\"\nof Britney Spears, NSYNC, Spice Girls, and Janet Jackson. In 2013 and 2014, Rain was listed as one of the twenty rising stars by TheWhosLookingList in September, November, December, January, and February. Rain was included in Ouch! magazine's \"\"Most Beautiful 30 Under 30\"\" list in October, 2014. Rain supports several organizations including Best Friend Animal Shelter. Rain started supporting organizations dealing with cancer after her grandfather died of cancer. Mandy Rain Amanda Rose Moseley (born December 20, 1993) better known by her stage name Mandy Rain, is an American recording artist, dancer, and actress. Rain started her acting career at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (2018 film)\"\npossible veteran, and Mandy recounts traumatic childhood experiences. On her way to work, Mandy walks past a van carrying the Children of the New Dawn, a deviant hippie cult led by Jeremiah Sand. Sand is struck by Mandy's beauty and orders one of his disciples, Brother Swan, to kidnap Mandy with the help of the Black Skulls, a demonic biker gang with a taste for human flesh and a liquid, highly potent form of LSD. At night, Swan drives out to the lake and summons the Black Skulls by blowing a mystical horn. After Swan offers them a low-ranking member",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "6302366",
"chunk_text": "Mephistopheles\nMephistopheles Mephistopheles (, ; also \"\"Mephistophilus, Mephostopheles, Mephistophilis, Mephisto, Mephastophilis,\"\" and other variants) is a demon featured in German folklore. He originally appeared in literature as the demon in the Faust legend, and he has since appeared in other works as a stock character. The word may derive from the Hebrew מֵפִיץ (\"\"mêp̄îṣ\"\") which means \"\"scatterer, disperser\"\", and \"\"tophel\"\", short for ט֫פֶל שֶׁ֫קֶר (\"\"tōp̄el šeqer\"\") which means \"\"plasterer of lies\"\". The name can also be a combination of three Greek words: μή (\"\"mḗ\"\") as a negation, φῶς (\"\"phō̃s\"\") meaning \"\"light\"\", and φιλις \"\"philis\"\" meaning \"\"loving\"\", making it mean \"\"not-light-loving\"\", possibly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "1584888",
"chunk_text": "\"Amanda Means\"\nhead of the photographic enlarger. The enlarger light passes through the organic matter and onto the paper in a way that makes them seem to glow. Traditional photographic techniques rely on reflected light in both camera and darkroom, but her technique avoids light reflection altogether. The effect is that the prints seem to emanate their own light, aligning them with the light-emitting pigments of oil painting. \"\"The resulting prints are tonally negative which gives the flowers a mysterious inner glow, because the light is coming through the petals, from within the flower,\"\" said Means of this technique. She used similar",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20523990",
"chunk_text": "\"Cody (given name)\"\nCody (given name) Cody is a surname and unisex given name. It may also be spelled Coddy, Codee, Codi, Codie, Codey, Kodi, Kodie, Kody, Coty, or Koty. According to \"\"A Dictionary of First Names\"\", Cody is \"\"a transferred use of the Irish surname, an Anglicized form of Gaelic O'Cuidighthigh 'descendant of Cuidightheach' (originally a byname for a helpful person), or of Mac Oda 'son of Oda' (a personal name of uncertain origin).\"\" Its use in the United States is partially due to it being the surname of Buffalo Bill, a.k.a. William Frederick Cody. People with the given name Cody include:",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20523991",
"chunk_text": "\"Cody (given name)\"\nCody (given name) Cody is a surname and unisex given name. It may also be spelled Coddy, Codee, Codi, Codie, Codey, Kodi, Kodie, Kody, Coty, or Koty. According to \"\"A Dictionary of First Names\"\", Cody is \"\"a transferred use of the Irish surname, an Anglicized form of Gaelic O'Cuidighthigh 'descendant of Cuidightheach' (originally a byname for a helpful person), or of Mac Oda 'son of Oda' (a personal name of uncertain origin).\"\" Its use in the United States is partially due to it being the surname of Buffalo Bill, a.k.a. William Frederick Cody. People with the given name Cody include:",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "18344700",
"chunk_text": "\"Mira (given name)\"\nthe given name include: Mira (given name) Mira is a feminine given name with varying meanings. In the Romance languages, it is related to the Latin words for \"\"wonder\"\" and \"\"wonderful.\"\" In South Slavic languages, it means \"\"peace\"\" and is often used as part of a longer name, such as Miroslava (masculine form: Miroslav) or Sławomira (masculine form: Sławomir). In Albanian language, it means \"\"goodness\"\" or \"\"kindness\"\". In Sanskrit, it means \"\"ocean\"\", \"\"sea\"\", \"\"limit\"\" or \"\"boundary\"\" In Hebrew, it is a derivative of Miriam or the female equivalent of Meir, meaning light. It is distinct from \"\"Myra\"\" which has a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "10498224",
"chunk_text": "Melinda\nMelinda Melinda is a feminine given name. The modern name \"\"Melinda\"\" is a combination of \"\"Mel\"\" with the suffix \"\"-inda\"\". \"\"Mel\"\" can be derived from names such as Melanie meaning \"\"dark, black\"\" in Greek, or from Melissa (μέλισσα) meaning \"\"Honeybee\"\" in Greek. It is also associated with the Greek word \"\"meli\"\", meaning \"\"honey\"\", and with Linda, from \"\"lind\"\" meaning \"\"gentle, soft, tender\"\" in the Germanic languages. The typical English pronunciation of Melinda is . In Hungarian however, the stress is on the first syllable: . The name Melinda is used in English and Hungarian. In the United States, its popularity",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5635156",
"chunk_text": "\"Angelena Bonet\"\nthat has given Angelena a purpose and her life meaning as she has stated \"\"it is about each of us having the power to turn tragic into magic\"\" and that \"\"love and forgiveness are the keys that set us free\"\". A name change was recommended by law enforcement to preserve her personal safety after her life was almost taken on 26 May 2012. Bonet chose a combination of her Birth name 'Elena' and her Catholic Confirmation name 'Angela' to become 'Angelena' which has the meaning 'God's Messenger'. She then changed 'Bennett' to 'Bonet' meaning 'Good'. Since 2013, Angelena has aligned",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1157316",
"chunk_text": "Runes\nand possibly as on the 4th-century Einang stone. The name comes from the Germanic root (, ), meaning \"\"secret\"\" or \"\"whisper\"\". In Old Irish Gaelic, the word means \"\"mystery\"\", \"\"secret\"\", \"\"intention\"\" or \"\"affectionate love.\"\" Similarly in Welsh and Old English, the word and respectively means \"\"mystery\"\", \"\"secret\"\", \"\"secret writing\"\", or sometimes in the extreme sense of the word, \"\"miracle\"\" (). Ogham is a Celtic script, similarly carved in the Norse manner. The root can also be found in the Baltic languages, meaning \"\"speech\"\". In Lithuanian, means both \"\"to cut (with a knife)\"\" and \"\"to speak\"\". According to another theory, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "6271222",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Capristo\"\nMandy Capristo Mandy Grace Capristo (born 21 March 1990), also known mononymously as Mandy, is a German singer, songwriter, dancer, and model. Born in Mannheim and raised in Bürstadt, Capristo was first exposed to singing and dancing competitions in 2001, when she won \"\"Kiddy Contest\"\", a reality television singing competition for teens in Austria, with her song \"\"Ich wünsche mir einen Bankomat\"\". In the mid to late 2000s, Capristo rose to fame as a founding member of the girl band Monrose, the result of the fifth season of the German television talent show \"\"Popstars\"\". Until their disbandment in 2011, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "5166797",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Sekiguchi\"\nMandy Sekiguchi Sekiguchi is represented with LDH. His mother is Japanese and his father is Nigerian. In April 2011, Sekiguchi performed in the Exile Professional Gym (EXPG) audition produced by Hiro, and he was selected as a member of Generations from Exile Tribe. In April 2012, he became an official member of Generations and later debuted in November. In 27 April 2014, Sekiguchi passed the Exile Performer Battle Audition and became a member of Exile. In 15 April 2016, he formed the hip hop unit Honest Boyz. Sekiguchi is the MC of the group as simply Mandy (stylized as MANDY).",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5166796",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Sekiguchi\"\nMandy Sekiguchi Sekiguchi is represented with LDH. His mother is Japanese and his father is Nigerian. In April 2011, Sekiguchi performed in the Exile Professional Gym (EXPG) audition produced by Hiro, and he was selected as a member of Generations from Exile Tribe. In April 2012, he became an official member of Generations and later debuted in November. In 27 April 2014, Sekiguchi passed the Exile Performer Battle Audition and became a member of Exile. In 15 April 2016, he formed the hip hop unit Honest Boyz. Sekiguchi is the MC of the group as simply Mandy (stylized as MANDY).",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8688323",
"chunk_text": "\"Hana (name)\"\nheat, radiate. [Category:Slovak feminine given names]] Hana (name) Hana as a given name may have any of several origins. It can be a variant transliteration of Hannah, which is the Jewish and French and Christian form, meaning \"\"grace\"\" in Hebrew associated with God. It is also a Kurdish name meaning hope (), a Persian name meaning flower (), and an Arabic name meaning \"\"happiness\"\" (). As a Japanese name, it is usually translated as \"\"flower\"\" (). In Korean, it means the number \"\"one\"\" (). In Albanian, \"\"Hana\"\" means \"\"moon\"\". In Hawaiian, \"\"Hana\"\" means \"\"craft\"\" or \"\"work\"\" . In Maori, \"\"Hana\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "19372351",
"chunk_text": "\"Sami (name)\"\nis confused with Samee (Arabic for 'one who hears') or \"\"Samir\"\" (another Arabic name altogether). However, it is in fact an unabbreviated Arabic name derived from the verb \"\"samaa\"\" (سما) and \"\"yasmo\"\" (يسمو) which means to transcend. This is from the root \"\"samaa\"\" (سما,سمو) which means to be high, elevated, eminent, prominent. The feminine version of this name in Arabic is Samiya or Samia (سامِيَة). Sami (name) Sami (also Samy or Sammy) (, , ) is a given name and surname of different origins and meanings, most prevalent in the Arab world and Scandinavia. When spelled in English, it can",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20496629",
"chunk_text": "\"Angela (given name)\"\nAngela (given name) Angela is a female given name. The origin of the name is Latin and its background is Christian. It is derived from the Greek word ángelos (αγγελος), meaning \"\"messenger of gods\"\". In the United States, the name \"\"Angela\"\" was at its most popular between 1965 and 1979, when it was ranked among the top 10 names for girls. Since 1900 in America, it has been ranked among the 300 most popular names. It has been falling from its peak of popularity, and had fallen to 133rd by 2008. The variation \"\"Angelina\"\" was ranked as the 69th most",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "5801603",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (2018 film)\"\ncritic Christopher Stewardson said the film \"\"is sure to become a cult favourite all of its own.\"\" At the 2019 Independent Spirit Awards, Benjamin Loeb was nominated for Best Cinematography for the film. Mandy (2018 film) Mandy is a 2018 psychedelic action horror film directed by Panos Cosmatos and co-written by Cosmatos and Aaron Stewart-Ahn. A co-production of the United States and Canada, the film stars Nicolas Cage, Andrea Riseborough, Linus Roache, Ned Dennehy, Olwen Fouéré, Richard Brake, and Bill Duke. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018, and was theatrically released on September 14,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "17100428",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Kane\"\nwith the single \"\"Diamonds\"\" enjoying five weeks of repeated rotation on Australia's prime music video television program \"\"Rage\"\". International audiences also responded favourably, with \"\"Into The Night\"\" debuting in the Top 20 specialty radio charts in the US. Mandy Kane Mandy Kane is an Australian singer, songwriter, producer and remixer. He has been on the Australian music scene for over 10 years. Mandy Kane, who changed his name by deed poll at the age of 18, started playing in high school rock bands and soon discovered the importance of songwriting and production. Consequently, he worked part-time jobs to save enough",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Ventrice\"\nMandy Ventrice Amanda Nicole Ventrice (born September 12, 1985), better known by her stage name Mandy Ventrice, is an American recording artist, songwriter, and vocal producer. Born in the Bay Area, Mandy Ventrice began her music career at a very early age; writing her first song at the age of seven, and completing her first CD independently by the age of thirteen. Soon after, Ventrice joined a female pop group based out of Boston, called Poetry In Motion. In 2002, the pop group dispersed and Mandy launched new solo efforts, working with the likes of Shep Goodman & Kenny Gioia,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_id": "18700608",
"chunk_text": "\"Luce (name)\"\nLuce (name) Luce is an American, English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, French and Italian surname. It is also a French and Italian feminine given name, variant of Lucia and Lucy, or masculine name, variant of Luc (given name). Meaning of given name Luce is \"\"light\"\". The English Luce surname is taken from the Norman language that was Latin-based and derives from place names in Normandy based on Latin male personal name Lucius. It was transmitted to England after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century. Alternative spellings and related names are: Luci, Lucy, Lucey, Lucie, Lucia, Luke. Luce can refer to:",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "11887628",
"chunk_text": "\"Madison (name)\"\nMadison (name) Madison is a surname of English origin, which has become a popular given name in the United States. Madison, commonly spelled Maddison in Northeastern England, is a variant of \"\"Mathieson\"\", meaning \"\"son of Matthew\"\", although possibly occasionally standing for \"\"son of Maddy\"\", where \"\"Maddy\"\" is a pet form of \"\"Maud\"\". Madison is also used as a given name. As a name, it has become popular for girls in recent decades. Its rise is generally attributed to the 1984 release of the film \"\"Splash\"\". From a practically non-existent given name before 1985, Madison rose to being the second-most-popular name",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_id": "2253122",
"chunk_text": "\"A Horse for Mandy\"\nA Horse for Mandy A Horse for Mandy is a young adult novel by Lurlene McDaniel, published in August 2004. It tells the story of a young girl's struggle to find herself through her search for the perfect horse. The novel provides an important message on the dangers of tobacco use. 15-year-old Mandy Underwood returns home from summer camp to find she no longer feels a connection to her friends and family. After spending a summer playing tennis and meeting new people, she no longer shares the shallow interests of the vapid friends of her small Rhode Island town. She",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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"chunk_id": "20496630",
"chunk_text": "\"Angela (given name)\"\npopular name in 2008 in the United States, while \"\"Angel\"\" was ranked 160th. Angela (given name) Angela is a female given name. The origin of the name is Latin and its background is Christian. It is derived from the Greek word ángelos (αγγελος), meaning \"\"messenger of gods\"\". In the United States, the name \"\"Angela\"\" was at its most popular between 1965 and 1979, when it was ranked among the top 10 names for girls. Since 1900 in America, it has been ranked among the 300 most popular names. It has been falling from its peak of popularity, and had fallen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17067332",
"chunk_text": "\"Handy Mandy in Oz\"\nHandy Mandy in Oz Handy Mandy in Oz (1937) is the thirty-first of the Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the seventeenth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The book's heroine is an \"\"honest and industrious\"\" goat-girl named Mandy, who grazes her flock on the slopes of Mt. Mern (a location otherwise unidentified). The story opens with a bang and a splash: an underground spring erupts in a geyser that blasts Mandy into the sky. The force propels her across the Deadly Desert to Oz; she lands in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "17067341",
"chunk_text": "\"Handy Mandy in Oz\"\ninto a jug (see \"\"Pirates in Oz\"\") and ends transformed into a cactus. Handy Mandy in Oz Handy Mandy in Oz (1937) is the thirty-first of the Oz books created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the seventeenth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The book's heroine is an \"\"honest and industrious\"\" goat-girl named Mandy, who grazes her flock on the slopes of Mt. Mern (a location otherwise unidentified). The story opens with a bang and a splash: an underground spring erupts in a geyser that blasts Mandy into the sky. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15845089",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy Salter\"\nby\"\". Discussing Mandy in 2011, Stapleton said that Mandy only relies on herself and is \"\"the sort of person who uses what she's got to get by.\"\" She described Mandy as minxy and incredibly flirty; someone who dresses skimpily and uses her body to get what she wants. A lone character without family in the serial, Mandy was essentially homeless, and when she was unable to squat or rely on the kindness of strangers, she slept rough on the streets. This storyline came at a time when homelessness in London was a topical subject in the British media, partly due",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
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{
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"chunk_id": "19911299",
"chunk_text": "\"Laura (given name)\"\nLaura (given name) Laura is a female given name in Latin Europe, Western Europe and North America whose meaning (\"\"Bay Laurel\"\") translates to victor, and an early hypocorism from Laurel and Lauren. The name Laura is the feminized form of \"\"laurus\"\", Latin for \"\"bay laurel plant\"\", which in the Greco-Roman era was used as a symbol of victory, honor or fame. The name represents the embodiment of victory and strength. The name \"\"Daphne\"\", derived from Ancient Greek, carries the same meaning. In British North America, it is very likely that the name Laura was extremely popular for female newborns until",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
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"chunk_id": "19916464",
"chunk_text": "\"Maxwell (surname)\"\nin Scottish Gaelic as \"\"MacSual\"\". Maxwell (surname) Maxwell is a Scottish, Irish, and Jewish surname. It is a habitational name derived from a location near Melrose, in Roxburghshire, Scotland. This name was first recorded in 1144, as \"\"Mackeswell\"\", meaning \"\"Mack's spring (or stream)\"\" (from the Old English \"\"well[a]\"\"). The surname \"\"Maxwell\"\" is also common in Ulster; where it has, in some cases, been adopted as alternate form of the surname \"\"Miskell\"\". The surname \"\"Maxwell\"\" is also used as a Jewish surname, either as an adoption of the Scottish name, or as an Americanization of one of several like-sounding Jewish surnames.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5801596",
"chunk_text": "\"Mandy (2018 film)\"\nof the cult as a sacrifice, they break into the couple's home and subdue Mandy and Red. The two female members of the cult, Mother Marlene and Sister Lucy, drug Mandy with LSD and venom from a giant black wasp before presenting her to Sand. Sand – a failed musician – attempts to seduce Mandy with his psychedelic folk music, telling her that God had told him to take anything he wanted. Mandy ridicules him, leaving him confused and infuriated. Seeking revenge, Sand stabs Red, who is tied and gagged with barbed wire, then burns Mandy alive in front of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_832
|
what happened to the actor who played frost on rizzoli and isles?
|
n/a
|
[
"committed suicide",
"Lee Thompson Young"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7153665",
"chunk_text": "\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\nrenewed \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\" for an 18-episode sixth season. In August 2013, production on the fourth season was suspended when cast member Lee Thompson Young was found dead at his Los Angeles apartment from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. In the second half of the fifth season, a new character, crime scene analyst Nina Holiday, played by Idara Victor, was introduced. Series executive producer Jan Nash stated that Nina would not replace Young's character, Frost, but is her own character. Instead, the existing characters were given \"\"new dynamics\"\", according to Nash. For example, Jane and Korsak work more cases together, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12563825",
"chunk_text": "\"Lee Thompson Young\"\nLee Thompson Young Lee Thompson Young (February 1, 1984 – August 19, 2013) was an American actor. He is best remembered for his adolescent role as the title character on the Disney Channel television series \"\"The Famous Jett Jackson\"\" (1998–2001) and as Chris Comer in the movie \"\"Friday Night Lights\"\" (2004). His last starring role was as Boston police detective Barry Frost on the TNT police drama series \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\" (2010–14). Young was born in Columbia, South Carolina, the son of Velma Elaine (née Love) and Tommy Scott Young. He was in the second grade when his parents' marriage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3214957",
"chunk_text": "\"Warren Frost\"\n\"\"Twin Peaks\"\", which began airing in May 2017. Frost married Mary Virginia Calhoun in 1949 and was the father of novelist, television screenwriter and producer Mark Frost, actress Lindsay Frost and writer Scott Frost. He was the grandfather of baseball player Lucas Giolito and actor Casey Giolito. He also has a grandson from his oldest son Mark. Frost died at his home in Middlebury, Vermont, on February 17, 2017, following a long illness at the age of 91. He was cremated. Warren Frost Warren Frost (June 5, 1925 – February 17, 2017) was an American actor. His work was mainly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12563830",
"chunk_text": "\"Lee Thompson Young\"\ninvolved in a romance with one of the medical interns. Young played the role of Al Gough, an FBI agent, in the ABC television drama \"\"FlashForward\"\". He was written off the show in episode 7, when his character committed suicide to prevent the death of an innocent civilian. His last acting role was playing Barry Frost, partner of Jane Rizzoli (Angie Harmon) on the TNT drama \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\", and he made an appearance on the Fox drama \"\"The Good Guys\"\" as the brother and business partner of an arms dealer. Young graduated with Honors from the University of Southern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7153663",
"chunk_text": "\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\nwith Harmon. Bruce McGill signed as Rizzoli's former partner, Sgt. Vince Korsak. Lee Thompson Young was cast as her new partner, Barry Frost. The role of Rizzoli's younger brother Frankie was filled by Jordan Bridges. Lorraine Bracco signed on as Rizzoli's mother, Angela. In early 2010, Billy Burke was announced as FBI agent Gabriel Dean. In late January 2010, TNT green-lighted the pilot to series with the new title \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\". Ten episodes were ordered and the show premiered on July 12, 2010. The series is produced on the Paramount Pictures lot in Hollywood, California. Owing to a sponsorship",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16652772",
"chunk_text": "\"Brian Goodman\"\non \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\" led to him becoming a main cast member starting with the season 3 premiere. Goodman departed the main cast at the end of season 4, but has since made 3 guest appearances in season 5. He did not appear in seasons 6 or 7. Goodman's debut film, \"\"Black Butterfly\"\" was released in 2017. Brian Goodman Brian Goodman (born June 1, 1963) is an American film and television director, writer, and actor. At 12, Goodman quit school and started living on the streets. He sold drugs, married young, and served time in prison for his criminal activity.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20432583",
"chunk_text": "\"Martin Barrass\"\nHe was airlifted to Leeds General Infirmary where he was kept in a medically induced coma for several days. It was later revealed that Barrass had suffered 17 fractured ribs, a \"\"mashed\"\" liver, a broken ankle and his heart had stopped for five minutes. Barrass intends to return to the stage in February 2017 as part of Hull's City of Culture year. Martin Barrass Martin Barrass is an English film, television and theatre actor as well as being a DJ on local radio. He is best known for his role as Ron Frost in the television series Angels, Mike Conrad",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2492496",
"chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Groff\"\nAward for Best Musical Theater Album. Groff was also known for his television appearances, such as Ian Todd in the Starz political drama \"\"Boss\"\", lead-character Patrick Murray in the HBO comedy-drama series \"\"Looking\"\", and its subsequent series finale television film, \"\"\"\", and the recurring role of Jesse St. James in the Fox musical-comedy series \"\"Glee\"\". In 2013, he voiced the role of Kristoff in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 2013 film \"\"Frozen\"\". Since 2017, Groff stars as FBI Special Agent Holden Ford in the Netflix period crime drama \"\"Mindhunter\"\". Groff was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to Julie (née Witmer), a physical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11620704",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark Frost\"\nDay the Game of Golf Changed Forever\"\", about a 1956 match pitting pros Ben Hogan and Byron Nelson against amateurs Harvie Ward and Ken Venturi, and \"\"The Grand Slam\"\", about the 1930 golf season of Bobby Jones. His fictional works include \"\"The List of Seven\"\", \"\"The Six Messiahs\"\", and \"\"The Second Objective\"\". Born in New York City, Frost moved with his family to Los Angeles during his childhood. He is the son of Mary Virginia Calhoun and actor Warren Frost, whom he cast as Dr. Hayward in \"\"Twin Peaks\"\", and the brother of actress Lindsay Frost and writer Scott Frost.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3214954",
"chunk_text": "\"Warren Frost\"\nWarren Frost Warren Frost (June 5, 1925 – February 17, 2017) was an American actor. His work was mainly in theater, but he worked in films and television sporadically from 1958. He is known for television roles on \"\"Matlock\"\", and \"\"Seinfeld\"\", and particularly as Doctor Hayward on \"\"Twin Peaks\"\", a series co-created by his son Mark Frost. He has also appeared in TV movies, such as \"\"\"\" (1990) and \"\"The Stand\"\" (1994). Frost was born in 1925 in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Bronx and Essex Junction, Vermont. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "158091",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Frost\"\nUK. Nick Frost Nicholas John Frost (born 28 March 1972) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and author. He is best known for his work in the \"\"Three Flavours Cornetto\"\" trilogy of films, consisting of \"\"Shaun of the Dead\"\" (2004), \"\"Hot Fuzz\"\" (2007), and \"\"The World's End\"\" (2013), and the television comedy \"\"Spaced\"\" (1999–2001). He also appeared in Joe Cornish's film \"\"Attack the Block\"\" (2011). He co-starred in the 2011 film \"\"Paul\"\", which he co-wrote with frequent collaborator and best friend Simon Pegg. He is also well known for his various roles in the sketch show \"\"Man Stroke Woman\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1663064",
"chunk_text": "\"Brían F. O'Byrne\"\nBrían F. O'Byrne Brían Francis O'Byrne (born 16 May 1967) is an Irish actor who works and lives in the United States. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his role in the miniseries \"\"Mildred Pierce\"\" (2011) and won a BAFTA TV Award for his role in the drama series \"\"Little Boy Blue\"\" (2017). O'Byrne received five Tony Award nominations and won for his performance in the 2004 production of \"\"Frozen\"\". O'Byrne was born in Mullagh, a village in the south-east of County Cavan, on 16 May 1967. He attended the Samuel Beckett Centre at Trinity College (T.C.D.)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1663060",
"chunk_text": "\"Brían F. O'Byrne\"\nBrían F. O'Byrne Brían Francis O'Byrne (born 16 May 1967) is an Irish actor who works and lives in the United States. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his role in the miniseries \"\"Mildred Pierce\"\" (2011) and won a BAFTA TV Award for his role in the drama series \"\"Little Boy Blue\"\" (2017). O'Byrne received five Tony Award nominations and won for his performance in the 2004 production of \"\"Frozen\"\". O'Byrne was born in Mullagh, a village in the south-east of County Cavan, on 16 May 1967. He attended the Samuel Beckett Centre at Trinity College (T.C.D.)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7086196",
"chunk_text": "\"Ray Romano\"\nfollowing episodes: Ray Romano Raymond Albert Romano (born December 21, 1957) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and screenwriter. He is best known for his role on the sitcom \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", for which he received an Emmy Award, and as the voice of Manny in the \"\"Ice Age\"\" film series. He created and starred in the TNT comedy-drama \"\"Men of a Certain Age\"\" (2009–11). From 2012 to 2015, Romano had a recurring role as Hank Rizzoli, a love interest of Sarah Braverman in \"\"Parenthood\"\", and co-starred in the romantic comedy \"\"The Big Sick\"\" (2017). Romano was born in Queens,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "158084",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Frost\"\nwas born in Dagenham, London, the son of Tricia (d. 2005) and John Frost, office furniture designers. When he was ten, his sister died of an asthma attack aged 18. He attended Beal High School in Ilford. When Frost was 15 his parents' business failed and they lost the family home. They moved in with neighbours where he witnessed his mother having a stroke due to the stress. Frost left school and took a job with a shipping company to support the family. He subsequently spent two years at a kibbutz in Israel. He met actor Simon Pegg while working",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17208071",
"chunk_text": "\"An Early Frost\"\nAn Early Frost An Early Frost is a 1985 American made-for-television drama film and the first major film, made for television or feature films, to deal with the topic of AIDS. It was first broadcast on the NBC television network on November 11, 1985. It was directed by John Erman, from the Emmy Award-winning teleplay written by Ron Cowen and Daniel Lipman, (story by Sherman Yellen). Aidan Quinn stars as Michael Pierson, a Chicago attorney who goes home to break the news – that he is gay and has AIDS – to his parents, played by Ben Gazzara and Gena",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17079376",
"chunk_text": "\"Idara Victor\"\nNina Holiday, crime scene analyst and IT tech of the Boston Police Department, in the US crime-series \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\". Idara Victor became a member of the regular cast of the season 6, replacing the late Lee Thompson Young. In addition to her role as Nina Holiday, Victor has a recurring role on the AMC drama \"\"\"\", from 2014-2017, and appeared in the 2016 productions \"\"Pure Genius\"\" and \"\"\"\". She has joined the cast of the new film \"\"\"\" from writer and producer James Cameron and director Robert Rodriguez, playing opposite Christoph Waltz. The film will be released in February",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5900292",
"chunk_text": "\"Ray Romano\"\nRay Romano Raymond Albert Romano (born December 21, 1957) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and screenwriter. He is best known for his role on the sitcom \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", for which he received an Emmy Award, and as the voice of Manny in the \"\"Ice Age\"\" film series. He created and starred in the TNT comedy-drama \"\"Men of a Certain Age\"\" (2009–11). From 2012 to 2015, Romano had a recurring role as Hank Rizzoli, a love interest of Sarah Braverman in \"\"Parenthood\"\", and co-starred in the romantic comedy \"\"The Big Sick\"\" (2017). Romano was born in Queens, New York,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "158083",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Frost\"\nNick Frost Nicholas John Frost (born 28 March 1972) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and author. He is best known for his work in the \"\"Three Flavours Cornetto\"\" trilogy of films, consisting of \"\"Shaun of the Dead\"\" (2004), \"\"Hot Fuzz\"\" (2007), and \"\"The World's End\"\" (2013), and the television comedy \"\"Spaced\"\" (1999–2001). He also appeared in Joe Cornish's film \"\"Attack the Block\"\" (2011). He co-starred in the 2011 film \"\"Paul\"\", which he co-wrote with frequent collaborator and best friend Simon Pegg. He is also well known for his various roles in the sketch show \"\"Man Stroke Woman\"\". Frost",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9183427",
"chunk_text": "\"Bruce Alexander (actor)\"\nBruce Alexander (actor) Bruce John Alexander (born 28 May 1946 in Watford, Hertfordshire) is an English actor, best known for his portrayal of Superintendent Norman Mullett in the ITV television series \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\", where he plays the superior of the main character Jack Frost, played by David Jason. He has appeared with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Ferdinand in the 1989 production of John Webster's \"\"The Duchess of Malfi\"\". In November 2016, he was in a \"\"Read Not Dead\"\" performance of Beaumont and Fletcher's The Coxcomb at the Sam Wanamaker theatre on Bankside. In 1990, he appeared",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9044451",
"chunk_text": "\"Dick Latessa\"\nand \"\"Pudd'nhead Wilson\"\", and such primetime series as \"\"Get Smart\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Ironside\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"The Sopranos\"\", \"\"Ed\"\", and \"\"Law & Order\"\". He is widely known as the second and most recognized actor to play Noel Douglas on \"\"The Edge of Night\"\". He later played Neil on \"\"One Life to Live\"\". Latessa died on December 19, 2016 of heart failure in New York City, aged 87. Dick Latessa Richard Robert Latessa (September 15, 1929 – December 19, 2016) was an American stage, film, and television actor. Latessa was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1929. After serving in the Army in maybe 1952,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18186265",
"chunk_text": "\"Aidan Quinn\"\ntheatre at nineteen. He trained at the Piven Theatre Workshop. His first significant film role was in \"\"Reckless\"\", followed by a breakthrough role in \"\"Desperately Seeking Susan\"\" as the character \"\"Dez\"\" (the love interest of the character played by Rosanna Arquette). Quinn next starred in the controversial television film \"\"An Early Frost\"\", about a young gay lawyer dying of AIDS (it was broadcast on NBC on November 11, 1985, and co-starred Gena Rowlands, Ben Gazzara and Sylvia Sidney). He received his first Emmy Award nomination for the role which allowed him to gain recognition in Hollywood. He made a short",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "431467",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Frost\"\nStephen Frost Stephen Frederick Eustace Frost (born 28 December 1955) is an English actor and comedian. Frost was born in Redruth, Cornwall and is the son of the abstract artist Terry Frost and brother of painter Anthony Frost. Frost is known for his work in the 1980s with Mark Arden as part of the double act The Oblivion Boys on \"\"Saturday Live\"\". Veterans of the alternative comedy scene, he and Arden appeared in \"\"The Young Ones\"\", and later had their own TV series \"\"Lazarus and Dingwall\"\" on BBC2. They played the lead roles in the 1987 revival of Tom Stoppard's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11126706",
"chunk_text": "\"Basil Hoskins\"\nof Number 14 on \"\"The Prisoner\"\" television series (episode \"\"Hammer Into Anvil\"\"). Basil Hoskins Basil William Hoskins (10 June 1929 – 17 January 2005) was an English actor. Hoskins, a native of Edmonton, London, was educated at the Edmonton County School. A popular British actor who also had a distinguished career on the London stage, Hoskins studied acting at RADA and later joined the Nottingham Playhouse Company. Hoskins was the long term romantic partner of fellow English actor Harry Andrews. They are buried alongside each other at St Mary the Virgin, Salehurst. His best-known films are \"\"Ice Cold in Alex\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14168121",
"chunk_text": "\"George Costigan\"\nHe made his debut in the soap in March 2010 and his last appearance was shown on 23 July 2010. On 4/5 April 2010, he starred as Alan, the ex-husband of Christine, Inspector Frost's new love interest in \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\". In 2012 he appeared in William Shakespeare's King Lear at the Citizens Theatre, Glasgow, alongside David Hayman. In 2014, he appeared in \"\"Happy Valley\"\". He resumed the role, Nevison Gallagher, in the 2016 series. He also starred in the hit TV series \"\"Line of Duty\"\" as Patrick Fairbank. In July 2016 he played Sir Ethelred in the BBC's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19375308",
"chunk_text": "\"Nelsan Ellis\"\nYork. His family released a statement on July 10, 2017, explaining his ongoing struggle with drugs and alcohol, and his reluctance to talk to anyone about his addiction due to the shame he felt over it. In the days prior to his death, Ellis was attempting to withdraw from alcohol on his own and had to be hospitalized due to serious complications from alcohol withdrawal syndrome, resulting in his death. Nelsan Ellis Nelsan Ellis (November 30, 1977 – July 8, 2017) was an American actor and playwright. He achieved critical acclaim for his portrayal of Lafayette Reynolds in the HBO",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16680475",
"chunk_text": "\"Wayne Tippit\"\nof television series, mostly in guest appearances as characters on \"\"\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"Seinfeld\"\", \"\"Murphy Brown\"\", \"\"Quantum Leap\"\", \"\"The X-Files\"\", \"\"Matlock\"\" and \"\"Tales from the Darkside\"\". During the 1990s, Tippit appeared on \"\"Melrose Place\"\", playing Palmer Woodward, father of Heather Locklear's character, Amanda Woodward. He also appeared in \"\"The Dream Team\"\" (1989) and \"\"Madhouse\"\" (1990), and portrayed the FBI agent, Frank, in 1991's \"\"JFK\"\". Tippit received a single lung transplant in 2000 as treatment for severe emphysema. He died of respiratory failure after a long illness with multiple complications at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on August 28, 2009,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9219975",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Kuklinski\"\nage 70 on March 5, 2006. His body was cremated. Michael Shannon plays Kuklinski in the 2012 film \"\"The Iceman\"\" loosely based on Anthony Bruno's book \"\"The Iceman: The True Story of a Cold-Blooded Killer\"\". The film also stars Winona Ryder as Kuklinski's wife (renamed Deborah), Ray Liotta as Roy DeMeo, Stephen Dorff as Richard's younger brother Joey, and Chris Evans as Robert \"\"Mr. Softee\"\" (renamed \"\"Mr. Freezy\"\") Pronge. Richard Kuklinski Richard Leonard Kuklinski (; April 11, 1935 – March 5, 2006) was an American hitman and serial killer. He was convicted of murdering six people, but confessed to and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6050525",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Zelnick\"\nof the Frost–Nixon interviews. In the film \"\"Frost/Nixon,\"\" Zelnick is portrayed by Oliver Platt. Zelnick was convicted in 2013 of misdemeanor negligent motor vehicle homicide and the civil infraction of failure to yield for an incident in October 2011, when he struck and killed a motorcyclist in Plymouth, Mass. Robert Zelnick Carl Robert Zelnick (born August 9, 1940) is an American journalist, author and professor of journalism at the Boston University College of Communication, and winner of two Emmy Awards and two Gavel Awards. He was a correspondent for ABC News for more than 20 years. His assignments included national",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20432581",
"chunk_text": "\"Martin Barrass\"\nMartin Barrass Martin Barrass is an English film, television and theatre actor as well as being a DJ on local radio. He is best known for his role as Ron Frost in the television series Angels, Mike Conrad in Emmerdale and for appearing alongside Berwick Kaler in the annual York Theatre Royal Pantomime every year from 1984 onwards. Martin studied at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art with Gary Oldman. Martin first appeared in Angels, a BBC drama based around nurses in a London Hospital. In 1982, he appeared in an award-winning Channel 4 film, Remembrance, alongside Gary Oldman,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9059497",
"chunk_text": "\"Bruce Gray\"\n(playing the husband in a child-abusing couple) and on \"\"The Edge of Night\"\" (on which he played the husband of Kim Hunter). He also had a guest-starring role on the popular cable television series \"\"Queer as Folk\"\", playing gay millionaire George Schickel. Gray was the face of the leader of a fictitious anti-Amsterdam organization in a print and internet advertising campaign for Amstel beer. Gray succumbed to cancer on December 13, 2017 at the age of 81. Bruce Gray Bruce Gray (September 7, 1936 – December 13, 2017) was a Puerto Rican-born Canadian actor. Gray was born in Puerto Rico",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8668254",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Dorff\"\nStephen Dorff Stephen Hartley Dorff Jr. (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor, known for portraying PK in \"\"The Power of One\"\", Stuart Sutcliffe in \"\"Backbeat\"\", Johnny Marco in Sofia Coppola's \"\"Somewhere\"\", and for his roles in \"\"Blade\"\" (as self-styled vampire-overlord Deacon Frost), \"\"Cecil B. DeMented\"\", \"\"The Motel Life\"\", \"\"S.F.W.\"\" and \"\"Space Truckers\"\". Dorff was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Nancy and Steve Dorff, who is a composer and music producer. His father is Jewish, and his mother was Catholic, and Dorff has stated that he was \"\"kinda brought up half-Jewish\"\". Dorff's brother Andrew (1976–2016) was a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16784708",
"chunk_text": "\"Ben Barrington\"\nseries. He mainly stars on \"\"Shortland Street\"\" as Dr Drew Mccaskill on the Plastic Surgery Clinic with his ex-wife Virginia and his underage surgery person Millie Hutchins. On the 2015 Season Finale Dr Drew Mccaskill was shot in the leg once by Gareth demanding revenge; then another time in the upper shoulder. He was shot at the end of the episode by Victoria Anderton, the doctor who sought revenge because Drew did not support her placement to General Surgery. Ben Barrington Ben Barrington is a New Zealand actor, is best known for his role, \"\"Olaf Johnson\"\" in \"\"The Almighty Johnsons\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3298890",
"chunk_text": "\"Terry Frost (actor)\"\nDuring this period he taught drama at Patricia Stevens Career Colleges in Pasadena and Los Angeles, authored a text on the art of acting, \"\"Actors Only,\"\" and worked in regional theater throughout the United States. He also worked in public relations for a travel company. Frost visited every continent, proclaiming New Zealand the most beautiful place on Earth. Once retired, he became a popular guest speaker at various B-Western conventions in the United States and the British Isles, where he entertained the audiences with reminiscences about everyone from Johnny Mack Brown to Whip Wilson. Frost died of a heart attack.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "158089",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Frost\"\nFrost played the role of Andy Knightley in the third Pegg-Wright feature film called \"\"The World's End\"\". In 2014, he played the eponymous character in the Sky Atlantic comedy, \"\"Mr. Sloane\"\". In 2016, Frost was cast in an ensemble role for the second season of the AMC television series \"\"Into the Badlands\"\". Frost is best friends with fellow actor Simon Pegg and the two have appeared alongside each other in eight films. In a 2005 interview, Frost stated that he was brought up as a Catholic but is now an atheist, as is Simon Pegg. He is a supporter of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17208076",
"chunk_text": "\"An Early Frost\"\nCBS). The film was nominated for 14 Emmy Awards and won three, including Outstanding Writing For a Movie or Miniseries for Cowen and Lipman for their teleplay. Gena Rowlands, Ben Gazzara, Aidan Quinn, Sylvia Sidney and John Glover were all nominated for their performances, as was John Erman for his direction. The film was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television movie and won Sylvia Sidney the Golden Globe Award for . It also won the Peabody Award. The network, however, lost $500,000 in revenue because advertisers were leery about sponsoring the film. The film conveyed the prejudices",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14769712",
"chunk_text": "\"Sean Blowers\"\nSean Blowers Sean Blowers (born 12 January 1961 in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire) is an English actor. He is well known for playing John Hallam in \"\"London's Burning\"\" from 1986 until the character was killed off in 1996. He has also been in \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\", \"\"Dalziel and Pascoe\"\", \"\"Heartbeat\"\", \"\"New Tricks\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"Staying Alive\"\", \"\"Crossroads\"\", \"\"Doctor Who\"\", \"\"EastEnders\"\" and has appeared in films such as \"\"The Krays\"\", \"\"Black Beauty\"\" and \"\"First Knight\"\". In 2016, he joined the cast of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" in \"\"The Winds of Winter\"\", the finale of Season 6",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "3533004",
"chunk_text": "\"David Frost\"\nBest Play and Best Direction. The play was adapted into a Hollywood motion picture entitled Frost/Nixon and starring Michael Sheen as Frost and Langella as Nixon, both reprising their stage roles. The film was released in 2008 and directed by Ron Howard. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, winning none: Best Motion Picture-Drama, Best Director-Drama, Best Actor-Drama (Langella), Best Screenplay, and Best Original Score. It was also nominated for five Academy Awards, again winning none: Best Picture, Best Actor (Langella), Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing. In February 2009, Frost was featured on the Australian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10210238",
"chunk_text": "\"Taylor Handley\"\nTaylor Handley Taylor Laurence Handley (born June 1, 1984) is an American actor. In 1998, Taylor played Rory Buck in the movie \"\"Jack Frost\"\". In 2000, Handley starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie, \"\"Phantom of the Megaplex\"\". Handley appeared in three episodes during the last season of \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\" and guest starred during an episode of \"\"\"\". In 2003/2004, Handley appeared in six episodes of the first season of \"\"The O.C.\"\", as Oliver Trask, a mentally unstable teenager who, after meeting Marissa Cooper in a therapy clinic, becomes infatuated with her to the point of nearly committing suicide over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10964269",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Dunham\"\nrole as Charlie Thorpe in \"\"Hot Properties\"\". He played Edward in \"\"DAG\"\" from 2000 to 2001. He also acted in dozens of other television shows and major films. He played Hunter Franklin on the short-lived sitcom \"\"Oh, Grow Up\"\". More recently he appeared in \"\"Monster-in-Law\"\" (2005), \"\"The Bill Engvall Show\"\" (2007) and had an appearance in \"\"Get Smart\"\" (2008). In 2011, he appeared on \"\"Hot in Cleveland\"\", playing an Amish bartender, and in 2012, he had a role in \"\"Paranormal Activity 4\"\" alongside his real life wife Alexondra Lee as Doug Nelson. He suffered a heart attack and died on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10811212",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Martin\"\n(1973), \"\"Eskimo Nell\"\" (1975), \"\"Sex Express\"\" (aka \"\"Diversions\"\") (1975), \"\"Adventures of a Plumber's Mate\"\" (1978), \"\"Ragtime\"\" (1981), \"\"Spaghetti House\"\" (1982), and \"\"Boston Kickout\"\" (1995). In 1978 he appeared as Detective Inspector Fred Pyall in the BBC television series \"\"Law and Order\"\". From 1981-82, he played Det. Insp. Berwick in two series of the BBC drama \"\"The Chinese Detective\"\". In 1982 he became the second actor to take on the role of R. D. Wingfield's fictional Detective Inspector Jack Frost, starring in a BBC radio adaptation of \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\". In 1984 he appeared in an episode of season five",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1833664",
"chunk_text": "\"Perry Lafferty\"\nresponsibility for the network's movies and mini-series. In that role, he developed and produced the 1985 made-for-television production of \"\"An Early Frost\"\", starring Aidan Quinn as a young man who must let his parents, played by Ben Gazzara and Gena Rowlands, know that he was dying of AIDS. The critically acclaimed film won a Peabody Award and was one of the first network dramatic features to tackle the HIV /AIDS issue. He also worked on such television series as \"\"Star of the Family\"\", \"\"The Danny Kaye Show\"\", \"\"Robert Montgomery Presents\"\", \"\"Studio One\"\", and \"\"The Waltons\"\". After he retired from working",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9183429",
"chunk_text": "\"Bruce Alexander (actor)\"\nthe BBC dramatisation of the John le Carre novel \"\"The Honourable Schoolboy\"\". Alexander is the president of the Haddenham Museum in Haddenham, Buckinghamshire. Bruce Alexander (actor) Bruce John Alexander (born 28 May 1946 in Watford, Hertfordshire) is an English actor, best known for his portrayal of Superintendent Norman Mullett in the ITV television series \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\", where he plays the superior of the main character Jack Frost, played by David Jason. He has appeared with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Ferdinand in the 1989 production of John Webster's \"\"The Duchess of Malfi\"\". In November 2016, he was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8915305",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Calabro\"\nRichard Calabro Richard Calabro (born 14 April 1979) is a Yorkshire born actor who began his career in the children's TV drama \"\"The Ward\"\", playing 'prankster' Digger Reily, until the character was eventually written out of the series in 1992. More recently, Calabro starred with Angela Griffiths in award winning hospital drama \"\"Holby City\"\". Some other television credits include: \"\"Woof!\"\", \"\"Mike & Angelo\"\", \"\"Press Gang\"\", \"\"Rosemary and Thyme\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Band of Gold\"\", \"\"Mother Love\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"My Hero\"\", \"\"Emmerdale\"\", \"\"Doctors\"\", \"\"Seven Sisters, Seven Brothers\"\", \"\"Macbeth\"\" (BBC 2001), \"\"Taggart\"\", \"\"Caitlin's Way\"\" (HBO), \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\", \"\"Little Boy Lost\"\" and \"\"Lear's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9041546",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Peterson Jr.\"\nDavid Arrow, who was instrumental in bringing \"\"Robert Frost: Fire and Ice\"\" off-Broadway, where it played during the summer of 1984. Peterson also recorded the piece for AudioBooks. When the long run ended for these plays, Peterson retired from acting. He died on October 31, 1996, of Alzheimer's disease in the Amberwood Convalescent Hospital in Los Angeles 18 days before his 84th birthday. Peterson was married to Norma Ransom, an actress whom he met when the two were students at the University of Minnesota. Arthur Peterson Jr. Arthur Peterson Jr. (November 18, 1912 – October 31, 1996) was an American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8290931",
"chunk_text": "\"Joseph Cross (actor)\"\ndrama series \"\"Mindhunter\"\". Cross was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, the son of Maureen (née Toumey), a real estate agent, and Michael J. Cross, who worked in marketing. He has four siblings. Cross grew up in Pelham, New York, and attended Pelham Middle School and Pelham Memorial High School. For his undergraduate studies, Cross transferred from Hartford's Trinity College to Columbia University. As a child actor, Cross appeared in the Disney Channel Original television film \"\"Northern Lights\"\" (1997), and starred in the action-thriller \"\"Desperate Measures\"\", comedy-drama \"\"Wide Awake\"\", and Christmas fantasy film \"\"Jack Frost\"\", all of which were released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19174712",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Sisto\"\nin \"\"Festen\"\" on Broadway. From 2011 until its ending in 2014, he starred as George Altman in the ABC sitcom \"\"Suburgatory\"\", for which he was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series. Sisto co-wrote the screenplay for the comedy film \"\"Break Point\"\" (2014), in which he also starred. In 2015, he starred in A&E's \"\"The Returned\"\". From 2016 to 2018, Sisto portrayed Freddy Green in the Audience Network drama series \"\"Ice\"\". In 2018, Sisto also portrayed Jubal Valentine in the CBS drama series \"\"FBI\"\". Sisto was born in Grass Valley, California, the son",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090916",
"chunk_text": "\"Angie Harmon\"\nAngie Harmon Angela Michelle Harmon (born August 10, 1972) is an American actress and model. She was a professional model before gaining international fame for her roles in \"\"Baywatch Nights\"\" and as New York A.D.A. Abbie Carmichael on \"\"Law & Order\"\". She also starred as Detective Jane Rizzoli on the TNT series \"\"Rizzoli & Isles\"\". She was born on August 10, 1972 in Highland Park, Texas, the daughter of Daphne Demar (\"\"née\"\" Caravageli) and Lawrence Paul \"\"Larry\"\" Harmon, a hospital information network executive in Dallas, Texas. Her father has German and Irish ancestry, while her mother is of Greek descent.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1251433",
"chunk_text": "\"Josh Grisetti\"\nreceived nominations from the Drama Desk Awards and the Outer Critics Circle for his performance, and won one of two 2015 Clarence Derwent Awards. He returned to Broadway in 2016 to replace John Cariani as Nigel Bottom in \"\"Something Rotten!\"\" In 2007, Grisetti starred in the short-lived ABC sitcom The Knights of Prosperity. On film, he has appeared in The Immigrant (2013 film), The Namesake (2007 film), and others. In 2013, he starred in a pilot for NBC called \"\"The Gates\"\" that was not ordered to series. Josh Grisetti Josh Grisetti (born December 1, 1981) is an American actor who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16068958",
"chunk_text": "\"Sean Sasser\"\nof mesothelioma, though studies suggest that \"\"chronic immunosuppression enhances susceptibility to mesothelioma.\"\" He died at his home on August 7, 2013, at the age of 44. In accordance with his wishes, his body was cremated, and his ashes spread upon places he had been or wished to visit. He is survived by his husband, Michael, mother, Patricia, and his sister, a dancer who lives in Detroit with her husband and daughter. Sasser's relationship with Zamora is credited with breaking a taboo against showing two men in a loving, stable relationship on television. \"\"\"\" cast member Dan Renzi, himself openly gay,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_833
|
which domain of life are humans members of?
|
n/a
|
[
"Eukarya"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "5903648",
"chunk_text": "\"Domain (biology)\"\nDomain (biology) In biological taxonomy, a domain [/də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/] (Latin: \"\"regio\"\"), also superkingdom or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy designed by Carl Woese. According to the Woese system, introduced in 1990, the tree of life consists of three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The first two are all prokaryotic microorganisms, or single-celled organisms whose cells have no nucleus. All life that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and multicellular organisms, is included in the Eukarya. The term \"\"domain\"\" was proposed by Woese et al. (1990) in his three-domain system. This term represents",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5903652",
"chunk_text": "\"Domain (biology)\"\nwithout cross-connections between branches. Members of the domain Eukarya—called eukaryotes—have membrane-bound organelles (including a nucleus containing genetic material) and are represented by five kingdoms: Plantae, Protista, Animalia, Chromista, and Fungi. No domain in the three-domain system includes non-cellular life. As of 2011 there is talk about nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses possibly being a fourth branch domain of life, a view supported by researchers in 2012. Stefan Luketa proposed a five-domain system in 2012, adding Prionobiota (acellular and without nucleic acid) and Virobiota (acellular but with nucleic acid) to the traditional three domains. Alternative classifications of life include: Domain (biology) In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16845063",
"chunk_text": "Organism\nand natural fragments.\"\" Other companies, such as Synthetic Genomics, have already been formed to take advantage of the many commercial uses of custom designed genomes. Organism In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, \"\"organismos\"\") is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for \"\"life form\"\". Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli. Humans are multicellular animals",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16845037",
"chunk_text": "Organism\nOrganism In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, \"\"organismos\"\") is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life. It is a synonym for \"\"life form\"\". Organisms are classified by taxonomy into specified groups such as the multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as a protists, bacteria, and archaea. All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli. Humans are multicellular animals composed of many trillions of cells which differentiate during development into specialized tissues and organs. An organism may be either a prokaryote or a eukaryote.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5733989",
"chunk_text": "Biology\ndown recursively until each species is separately classified. The order is: Domain; Kingdom; Phylum; Class; Order; Family; Genus; Species. Outside of these categories, there are obligate intracellular parasites that are \"\"on the edge of life\"\" in terms of metabolic activity, meaning that many scientists do not actually classify such structures as alive, due to their lack of at least one or more of the fundamental functions or characteristics that define life. They are classified as viruses, viroids, prions, or satellites. The scientific name of an organism is generated from its genus and species. For example, humans are listed as \"\"Homo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15204668",
"chunk_text": "Microorganism\nmicroorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1124070",
"chunk_text": "\"Three-domain system\"\ncell types, forming organelles. Parakaryon myojinensis (\"\"incertae sedis\"\") is a single-celled organism known by a unique example. \"\"This organism appears to be a life form distinct from prokaryotes and eukaryotes\"\", with features of both. Parts of the three-domain theory have been challenged by scientists including Ernst Mayr, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, and Radhey S. Gupta. In particular, Gupta argues that the primary division within prokaryotes should be among those surrounded by a single membrane (monoderm), including gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria, and those with an inner and outer cell membrane (diderm), including gram-negative bacteria. He claims that sequences of features and phylogenies from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12314538",
"chunk_text": "\"Human microbiota\"\nHuman microbiota The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms that resides on or within any of a number of human tissues and biofluids, including the skin, mammary glands, placenta, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. Though micro-animals can also live on the human body, they are typically excluded from this definition. The human microbiome refers specifically to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms. Humans are colonized by many microorganisms; the traditional estimate is that the average human body is inhabited by ten times",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3335922",
"chunk_text": "Life\nLife Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that have biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased (they have died), or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate. Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids, or potential synthetic life as \"\"living\"\". Biology is the science concerned with the study of life. The definition of life is controversial. The current definition is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16762512",
"chunk_text": "\"Group entity\"\neconomic theory in which explicit trustees of public commons would take their place alongside the public sector and private sector as a \"\"third commons sector\"\". Such commons would include not only oceans, biodiversity and natural capital but also the instructional capital required to maintain them - including Wikipedia itself or other open content resources that educated trustees, executives, and the citizenry. Group entity In individualist anarchist discourse, a group entity is usually distinguished from an individual hominid, or animal groups from a single living being of any sexual species. All group-entities are assumed to have certain characteristics in common, most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15204687",
"chunk_text": "Microorganism\nvisible to the naked eye in their adult form are eukaryotes, including humans. However, a large number of eukaryotes are also microorganisms. Unlike bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes contain organelles such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in their cells. The nucleus is an organelle that houses the DNA that makes up a cell's genome. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) itself is arranged in complex chromosomes. Mitochondria are organelles vital in metabolism as they are the site of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. They evolved from symbiotic bacteria and retain a remnant genome. Like bacteria, plant cells have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14954504",
"chunk_text": "Human\nis predicted that climate change will wipe out half of all plant and animal species over the next century. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology. The human body consists of the legs, the torso, the arms, the neck, and the head. An adult human body consists of about 100 trillion (10) cells. The most commonly defined body systems in humans are the nervous, the cardiovascular, the circulatory, the digestive, the endocrine, the immune, the integumentary, the lymphatic, the musculoskeletal, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system. Humans, like most of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7760716",
"chunk_text": "Zoology\nprotists, fungi, plants, and animals) These domains reflect whether the cells have nuclei or not, as well as differences in the chemical composition of the cell exteriors. Further, each kingdom is broken down recursively until each species is separately classified. The order is: Domain; kingdom; phylum; class; order; family; genus; species. The scientific name of an organism is generated from its genus and species. For example, humans are listed as \"\"Homo sapiens\"\". \"\"Homo\"\" is the genus, and \"\"sapiens\"\" the specific epithet, both of them combined make up the species name. When writing the scientific name of an organism, it is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2458070",
"chunk_text": "Anthroposophy\nhuman beings unite a physical body of substances gathered from (and that ultimately return to) the inorganic world; a life body (also called the etheric body), in common with all living creatures (including plants); a bearer of sentience or consciousness (also called the astral body), in common with all animals; and the ego, which anchors the faculty of self-awareness unique to human beings. Anthroposophy describes a broad evolution of human consciousness. Early stages of human evolution possess an intuitive perception of reality, including a clairvoyant perception of spiritual realities. Humanity has progressively evolved an increasing reliance on intellectual faculties and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5392522",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell (biology)\"\n3.5 billion years ago. Cells are of two types: eukaryotic, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic, which do not. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, while eukaryotes can be either single-celled or multicellular. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, two of the three domains of life. Prokaryotic cells were the first form of life on Earth, characterised by having vital biological processes including cell signaling. They are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, and lack membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus. The DNA of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single chromosome that is in direct contact with the cytoplasm. The nuclear region",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5392520",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell (biology)\"\nCell (biology) The cell (from Latin \"\"cella\"\", meaning \"\"small room\"\") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the \"\"building blocks of life\"\". The study of cells is called cell biology. Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "247896",
"chunk_text": "\"Three-domain system\"\nThree-domain system The three-domain system is a biological classification introduced by Carl Woese \"\"et al.\"\" in 1977 that divides cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains. In particular, it emphasizes the separation of prokaryotes into two groups, originally called \"\"Eubacteria\"\" (now \"\"Bacteria\"\") and \"\"Archaebacteria\"\" (now \"\"Archaea\"\"). Woese argued that, on the basis of differences in 16S rRNA genes, these two groups and the eukaryotes each arose separately from an ancestor with poorly developed genetic machinery, often called a progenote. To reflect these primary lines of descent, he treated each as a domain, divided into several different kingdoms. Woese",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "187321",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Earth\"\ntaxonomy classifies life into three domains. The time of their origin is uncertain. The Bacteria domain probably first split off from the other forms of life (sometimes called Neomura), but this supposition is controversial. Soon after this, by 2 Ga, the Neomura split into the Archaea and the Eukarya. Eukaryotic cells (Eukarya) are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea), and the origin of that complexity is only now becoming known. Around this time, the first proto-mitochondrion was formed. A bacterial cell related to today's \"\"Rickettsia\"\", which had evolved to metabolize oxygen, entered a larger prokaryotic cell,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4806180",
"chunk_text": "Life\nare considered alive has been a matter of debate; viruses lack characteristics of life such as cell membranes, metabolism and the ability to grow or respond to their environments. Viruses can still be classed into \"\"species\"\" based on their biology and genetics, but many aspects of such a classification remain controversial. In the 1960s a trend called cladistics emerged, arranging taxa based on clades in an evolutionary or phylogenetic tree. In systems of scientific classification, Biota is the superdomain that classifies all life. Cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing, and all cells arise from pre-existing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10698171",
"chunk_text": "Prokaryote\nProkaryote A prokaryote is usually a unicellular organism, sometimes a multi-cellular organism, that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word \"\"prokaryote\"\" comes from the Greek πρό (\"\"pro\"\") \"\"before\"\" and κάρυον (\"\"karyon\"\") \"\"nut or kernel\"\". Prokaryotes are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. In contrast, species with nuclei and organelles are placed in the third domain, Eukaryota. Prokaryotes reproduce without fusion of gametes. The first living organisms are thought to have been prokaryotes. In the prokaryotes, all the intracellular water-soluble components (proteins, DNA and metabolites) are located together in the cytoplasm enclosed by the cell",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16845046",
"chunk_text": "Organism\nchemical properties of this element such as its great affinity for bonding with other small atoms, including other carbon atoms, and its small size making it capable of forming multiple bonds, make it ideal as the basis of organic life. It is able to form small three-atom compounds (such as carbon dioxide), as well as large chains of many thousands of atoms that can store data (nucleic acids), hold cells together, and transmit information (protein). Compounds that make up organisms may be divided into macromolecules and other, smaller molecules. The four groups of macromolecule are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3335925",
"chunk_text": "Life\non Earth. Aristotle was the first person to classify organisms. Later, Carl Linnaeus introduced his system of binomial nomenclature for the classification of species. Eventually new groups and categories of life were discovered, such as cells and microorganisms, forcing dramatic revisions of the structure of relationships between living organisms. The cell is considered the structural and functional unit of life. There are two kinds of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, both of which consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane and contain many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Cells reproduce through a process of cell division, in which the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10692698",
"chunk_text": "Archaea\nArchaea Archaea ( or or ) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes (archaea; singular archaeon) are prokaryotes, meaning they have no cell nucleus. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this classification is outdated. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains of life, Bacteria and Eukarya. The Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in the laboratory and were only detected by analysis of their nucleic acids in samples from their environment. Archaea and bacteria",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "8847492",
"chunk_text": "\"Three-domain system\"\na membrane-bound nucleus. An inexhaustive list of eukaryotic organisms includes: Each of the three cell types tends to fit into recurring specialties or roles. Bacteria tend to be the most prolific reproducers, at least in moderate environments. Archaeans tend to adapt quickly to extreme environments, such as high temperatures, high acids, high sulfur, etc. This includes adapting to use a wide variety of food sources. Eukaryotes are the most flexible with regard to forming cooperative colonies, such as in multi-cellular organisms, including humans. In fact, the structure of a Eukaryote is likely to have derived from a joining of different",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18085117",
"chunk_text": "\"Protein domain\"\nrather than invented. Domains are the common material used by nature to generate new sequences; they can be thought of as genetically mobile units, referred to as 'modules'. Often, the C and N termini of domains are close together in space, allowing them to easily be \"\"slotted into\"\" parent structures during the process of evolution. Many domain families are found in all three forms of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Protein modules are a subset of protein domains which are found across a range of different proteins with a particularly versatile structure. Examples can be found among extracellular proteins associated",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1364698",
"chunk_text": "Organism\nProkaryotes are represented by two separate domains—bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic organisms are characterized by the presence of a membrane-bound cell nucleus and contain additional membrane-bound compartments called organelles (such as mitochondria in animals and plants and plastids in plants and algae, all generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria). Fungi, animals and plants are examples of kingdoms of organisms within the eukaryotes. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which only about 1.2 million have been documented. More than 99% of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5733971",
"chunk_text": "Biology\nessentially completed in 2003, with further analysis still being published. The Human Genome Project was the first step in a globalized effort to incorporate accumulated knowledge of biology into a functional, molecular definition of the human body and the bodies of other organisms. Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, that all living things are composed of one or more cells, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. In multicellular organisms, every cell in the organism's body derives ultimately from a single cell in a fertilized egg. The cell is also",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4806175",
"chunk_text": "Life\nusually classified by eight levels of taxa—domains, kingdoms, phyla, class, order, family, genus, and species. In May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described. The first known attempt to classify organisms was conducted by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC), who classified all living organisms known at that time as either a plant or an animal, based mainly on their ability to move. He also distinguished animals with blood from animals without blood (or at least without red blood), which can be compared with the concepts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9245748",
"chunk_text": "Life\nthat organisms are open systems that maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, have a life cycle, undergo metabolism, can grow, adapt to their environment, respond to stimuli, reproduce and evolve. However, several other biological definitions have been proposed, and there are some borderline cases of life, such as viruses or viroids. In the past, there have been many attempts to define what is meant by \"\"life\"\" through obsolete concepts such as odic force, hylomorphism, spontaneous generation and vitalism, that have now been disproved by biological discoveries. Abiogenesis describes the natural process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2988109",
"chunk_text": "\"Social organism\"\ninto the human community. New social forms will not be provided by nature but can emerge only from the human \"\"I\"\" through real, person-to-person understanding—that is, when the needs of others become a matter of direct experience for us.\"\" In the 2002 book, Darwin's Cathedral, David Sloan Wilson applies his multilevel selection theory to social groups and proposes to think of society as an organism. Human groups therefore function as single units rather than mere collections of individuals. He claims that organisms \"\"survive and reproduce in their environments\"\" and that: \"\"Human groups in general, and religious groups in particular, qualify",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16456708",
"chunk_text": "Superorganism\nunwarranted\"\". However, as Gaia is another systemic level of integration in Nature, precisely has properties that cannot be inferred from their components. Some scientists have suggested that individual human beings can be thought of as \"\"superorganisms\"\"; as a typical human digestive system contains 10 to 10 microorganisms whose collective genome, the microbiome studied by the Human Microbiome Project, contains at least 100 times as many genes as the human genome itself. Salvucci wrote that superorganism is another level of integration that it is observed in nature. These levels include the genomic, the organismal and the ecological levels. The genomic structure",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9479421",
"chunk_text": "\"Horizontal gene transfer in evolution\"\n\"\"domain\"\" for the three main branches of this tree, where \"\"domain\"\" is a phylogenetic term similar in meaning to biological kingdom. To reconstruct this tree of life, the gene sequence encoding the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA, 16s rRNA) has proven useful, and the tree (as shown in the picture) relies heavily on information from this single gene. These three domains of life represent the main evolutionary lineages of early cellular life and currently include Bacteria, Archaea (single-celled organisms superficially similar to bacteria), and Eukarya. Eukarya includes only organisms having a well-defined nucleus, such as fungi, protists, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17126146",
"chunk_text": "\"Microbial ecology\"\nMicrobial ecology Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—as well as viruses. Microorganisms, by their omnipresence, impact the entire biosphere. Microbial life plays a primary role in regulating biogeochemical systems in virtually all of our planet's environments, including some of the most extreme, from frozen environments and acidic lakes, to hydrothermal vents at the bottom of deepest oceans, and some of the most familiar, such as the human small intestine. As a consequence of the quantitative magnitude",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7014803",
"chunk_text": "Person\nduring the abolition of slavery and the fight for women's rights, in debates about abortion, fetal rights, and in animal rights advocacy. Various debates have focused on questions about the personhood of different classes of entities. Historically, the personhood of animals, women, and slaves has been a catalyst of social upheaval. In most societies today, living adult humans are usually considered persons, but depending on the context, theory or definition, the category of \"\"person\"\" may be taken to include or not children or such non-human entities as animals, artificial intelligences, or extraterrestrial life, as well as legal entities such as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15784067",
"chunk_text": "Human\nan extremely wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which together form the basis of human society. Curiosity and the human desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena (or events) has provided the foundation for developing science, philosophy, mythology, religion, anthropology, and numerous other fields of knowledge. Though most of human existence has been sustained by hunting and gathering in band societies, increasing numbers of human societies began to practice sedentary agriculture approximately some 10,000 years ago, domesticating plants and animals, thus allowing for the growth of civilization. These human societies subsequently expanded",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3182029",
"chunk_text": "\"Formamide-based prebiotic chemistry\"\nconstitute the genome and the apparatus for its expression (the genotype). Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids form the structures, which harness and handle energy from the environment for organizing matter according to the instructions specified by the genotype, aiming to its conservation and transmission. The ensemble of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids constitute the phenotype. Life is thus made of the interaction of metabolism and genetics, of the genotype with the phenotype. Both are built around the chemistry of the most common elements of the Universe (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon), important although ancillary roles being played by phosphorus and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10698172",
"chunk_text": "Prokaryote\nmembrane, rather than in separate cellular compartments. Bacteria, however, do possess protein-based bacterial microcompartments, which are thought to act as primitive organelles enclosed in protein shells. Some prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, may form large colonies. Others, such as myxobacteria, have multicellular stages in their life cycles. Molecular studies have provided insight into the evolution and interrelationships of the three domains of biological species. Eukaryotes are organisms, including humans, whose cells have a well defined membrane-bound nucleus (containing chromosomal DNA) and organelles. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflects the existence of two very different levels of cellular organization. Distinctive types",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12402222",
"chunk_text": "\"Human body\"\nHuman body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15784116",
"chunk_text": "Human\nin all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 90,000 to 200,000 years ago. Human accelerated regions, first described in August 2006, are a set of 49 segments of the human genome that are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution but are strikingly different in humans. They are named according to their degree of difference between humans and their nearest animal relative (chimpanzees) (HAR1 showing the largest degree of human-chimpanzee differences). Found by scanning through genomic databases of multiple species, some of these highly mutated areas may contribute to human-specific traits. The forces of natural selection have continued to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "5903650",
"chunk_text": "\"Domain (biology)\"\nby ether linkages. The presence of these other linkages in Archaea adds to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and highly acidic conditions, but many archeae live in mild environments. Halophiles, organisms that thrive in highly salty environments, and hyperthermophiles, organisms that thrive in extremely hot environments, are examples of Archaea. Archaea evolved many cell sizes, but all are relatively small. Their size ranges from 0.1 μm to 15 μm diameter and up to 200 μm long. They are about the size of bacteria, or similar in size to the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells. Members of the genus Thermoplasma",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4806146",
"chunk_text": "Life\na function, i.e., a definite relation between part and whole.\"\" From this and other starting concepts, he developed a \"\"relational theory of systems\"\" that attempts to explain the special properties of life. Specifically, he identified the \"\"nonfractionability of components in an organism\"\" as the fundamental difference between living systems and \"\"biological machines.\"\" A systems view of life treats environmental fluxes and biological fluxes together as a \"\"reciprocity of influence,\"\" and a reciprocal relation with environment is arguably as important for understanding life as it is for understanding ecosystems. As Harold J. Morowitz (1992) explains it, life is a property of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11338830",
"chunk_text": "Life\nmicrobiology were created. These new organisms were originally described separately in protozoa as animals and protophyta/thallophyta as plants, but were united by Haeckel in the kingdom Protista; later, the prokaryotes were split off in the kingdom Monera, which would eventually be divided into two separate groups, the Bacteria and the Archaea. This led to the six-kingdom system and eventually to the current three-domain system, which is based on evolutionary relationships. However, the classification of eukaryotes, especially of protists, is still controversial. As microbiology, molecular biology and virology developed, non-cellular reproducing agents were discovered, such as viruses and viroids. Whether these",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8847490",
"chunk_text": "\"Three-domain system\"\nappear to be more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to other prokaryotic bacteria. The current system has the following listed kingdoms in the three domains: Domain Archaea – prokaryotic, no nuclear membrane, distinct biochemistry and RNA markers from bacteria, possess unique ancient evolutionary history for which they are considered some of the oldest species of organisms on Earth; traditionally classified as archaebacteria; often characterized by living in extreme environments. Some examples of archaeal organisms are methanogens which produce the gas methane, halophiles which live in very salty water, and thermoacidophiles which thrive in acidic high temperature water. Domain",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "16845050",
"chunk_text": "Organism\nseveral organs functioning as an organ system such as the reproductive system, and digestive system. Many multicellular organisms consist of several organ systems, which coordinate to allow for life. The cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Schleiden and Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells; all cells come from preexisting cells; and cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells. There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are usually singletons, while eukaryotic cells are usually found in multicellular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6568411",
"chunk_text": "Organism\nof these traits strongly suggests common ancestry, because the selection of many of these traits seems arbitrary. Horizontal gene transfer makes it more difficult to study the last universal ancestor. However, the universal use of the same genetic code, same nucleotides, and same amino acids makes the existence of such an ancestor overwhelmingly likely. The most commonly accepted location of the root of the tree of life is between a monophyletic domain Bacteria and a clade formed by Archaea and Eukaryota of what is referred to as the \"\"traditional tree of life\"\" based on several molecular studies. A very small",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "13566558",
"chunk_text": "Biology\nBiology Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. Despite the complexity of the science, there are certain unifying concepts that consolidate it into a single, coherent field. Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation and extinction of species. Living organisms are open systems that survive by transforming energy and decreasing their local entropy to maintain a stable and vital condition defined as homeostasis. Sub-disciplines",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7126643",
"chunk_text": "\"Class (biology)\"\nClass (biology) In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the prefix \"\"sub-\"\": subclass (Latin: \"\"subclassis\"\"). For example, dogs are in the class Mammalia. The composition of each class is determined by a taxonomist. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists taking different positions.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9373357",
"chunk_text": "\"The Seven Pillars of Life\"\nThe Seven Pillars of Life The Seven Pillars of Life are the essential principles of life described by Daniel E. Koshland in 2002 in order to create a universal definition of life. One stated goal of this universal definition is to aid in understanding and identifying artificial and extraterrestrial life. The seven pillars are Program, Improvisation, Compartmentalization, Energy, Regeneration, Adaptability, and Seclusion. These can be abbreviated as PICERAS. Koshland defines \"\"Program\"\" as an \"\"organized plan that describes both the ingredients themselves and the kinetics of the interactions among ingredients as the living system persists through time.\"\" In natural life as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17030106",
"chunk_text": "\"Integrative level\"\nabove. Typical examples include life emerging from non-living substances, and consciousness emerging from nervous systems. The main levels usually acknowledged are those of matter, life, mind, and society. These are called \"\"strata\"\" in Nicolai Hartmann's ontology. They can be further analyzed into more specific \"\"layers\"\", such as those of particles, atoms, molecules, and rocks forming the material stratum, or those of cells, organisms, populations, and ecosystems forming the life stratum. The sequence of levels is often described as one of increasing complexity, although it is not clear whether this is always true: for example, parasitism emerges on pre-existing organisms, although",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3774134",
"chunk_text": "\"Desire realm\"\nteachings of the Buddha in our present life, so that we can attain enlightenment here and now. The \"\"Tiryagyoni domain\"\" (alternately spelled \"\"Tiryag-yoni\"\" or \"\"tiracchānayoni\"\") (also known as the \"\"Animal domain\"\") is based on strong mental states of stupidity and prejudice cultivated in a previous life or lives. Buddhists believe that this domain is the domain of existence of the nonhuman animals on the Earth. Although humans and animals live in separate domains of existence, they can still see each other because their domains are so close to each other in the vertical cosmology, just like how the Devas and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_834
|
when is the new jurassic world game coming out?
|
n/a
|
[
"June 12, 2018"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268603",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nCEO David Braben announced the company was working on a new project based on an existing Hollywood property. On 20 August 2017, the game was announced during Gamescom 2017. Later, on 7 October, footage showcasing the in-game engine was revealed during the first annual Frontier Expo. The game was digitally released for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 12 June 2018, coinciding with the theatrical release of \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\". A free game update based on \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\", with six dinosaurs from the film, was released on 22 June 2018. Physical copies of the PlayStation 4",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268612",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nnominated for \"\"Best Audio Design\"\" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards. Jurassic World Evolution Jurassic World Evolution is a business simulation video game developed and published by Frontier Developments. Based on the 2015 film \"\"Jurassic World\"\", the game was released on 12 June 2018, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In the game, players construct a dinosaur park on Las Cinco Muertes Archipelago, a group of five islands also known as the \"\"Five Deaths\"\". The game features more than 40 types of dinosaurs; their genes can be modified to introduce new features. Players are given contracts to fulfill",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268594",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nJurassic World Evolution Jurassic World Evolution is a business simulation video game developed and published by Frontier Developments. Based on the 2015 film \"\"Jurassic World\"\", the game was released on 12 June 2018, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In the game, players construct a dinosaur park on Las Cinco Muertes Archipelago, a group of five islands also known as the \"\"Five Deaths\"\". The game features more than 40 types of dinosaurs; their genes can be modified to introduce new features. Players are given contracts to fulfill by three divisions, Science, Security and Entertainment, allowing them to progress.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14787111",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nWorld\"\" was released on June 22, 2018. The film was directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Trevorrow and Connolly, with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers. The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, BD Wong, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin, with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm. During early conversations on \"\"Jurassic World\"\", Spielberg told Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made. In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to \"\"Jurassic World\"\" had been discussed: \"\"We wanted to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268604",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nand Xbox One version were distributed by Sold Out on 3 July 2018. In August 2018, Frontier Developments announced an upcoming patch that would alter the sizes of several dinosaurs to match their real-life and film counterparts. The update was released in September 2018, and included additional sandbox and gameplay options, as well as the addition of Challenge Mode. The first paid downloadable content (DLC), \"\"Secrets of Dr. Wu\"\", was released on November 20, 2018. The DLC introduced new story missions, research options and new dinosaur and hybrid species. On the same day, Frontier introduced new AI behaviors and a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15627699",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nThe game is available on PC, Mac, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and iPad. \"\"Lego Jurassic World\"\" is a 2015 Lego action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Xbox One, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It followed the plots of the series' four films, including \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", and was released on June 12, 2015. \"\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\" is a business simulation game developed and published by Frontier Developments, and released on June 12, 2018. The game tasks players with constructing and managing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18867145",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nas they rescue the remaining dinosaurs before a volcanic eruption destroys it. Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, B. D. Wong, and Jeff Goldblum reprise their roles from previous films in the series, with Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin joining the cast. Filming took place from February to July 2017 in the United Kingdom and Hawaii. Produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, \"\"Fallen Kingdom\"\" premiered in Madrid on May 21, 2018, and was released internationally in early June 2018 and in the United States on June 22, 2018. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20559323",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nfilm was also released in the United States on June 22, 2018. \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\" was released digitally on September 4, 2018, and on Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\" grossed $416.8 million in the United States and Canada plus $888.2 million in other territories for a total worldwide gross of $1.305 billion, against a production budget in the range of $170–187 million. The film crossed the $1 billion mark on July 5, 2018, becoming the 35th film of all-time to reach this milestone, and the seventh film for Universal.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18867159",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nStudios announced that the film would be released in the UK two weeks early, on June 7, 2018. Later that year, B. D. Wong said he \"\"would be happy to return\"\" as Dr. Henry Wu, while Howard announced that filming would begin in 2017. Howard also said she would be interested in seeing characters from earlier \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" films return for the fifth film, saying, \"\"I could see versions of the film where a lot of the characters come back.\"\" By October 2015, director J. A. Bayona was being considered to direct the film. He chose instead to direct the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11827700",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nfilm, \"\"\"\", was released in June 2018. The film grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third \"\"Jurassic\"\" film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 12th highest-grossing film of all time. A sixth film, tentatively titled \"\"Jurassic World 3\"\", is scheduled to be released on June 11, 2021. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. In 2018, the first film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20559322",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nthe time of the volcanic eruption. Trevorrow, Glover and Ewins created a website and campaign for \"\"Extinction Now!\"\" (the antithesis to the Dinosaur Protection Group), which was launched shortly before the film's release. The campaign included a found-footage clip of a \"\"Tyrannosaurus\"\" loose in San Diego, a reference to \"\"\"\". \"\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\" had its premiere at the WiZink Center in Madrid, Spain, on May 21, 2018. The film's international theatrical release began in Singapore and Malaysia on June 7, the United Kingdom, India, Italy, South Korea and Angola on June 8, and Pakistan on June 16, 2018. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20559325",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nreached $135 million. It was released on June 22, 2018, in 4,475 theaters (the second-widest release ever behind \"\"Despicable Me 3\"\") grossing $58.7 million on its opening day, the second-highest of the franchise and 28th-best on record. The film grossed $15.3 million from Thursday night previews at 3,600 theaters, down from the $18.5 million grossed by \"\"Jurassic World\"\". It ended up debuting at $148 million, the 20th-best opening weekend of all-time and second highest for Universal. It also marked the second time two films opened to over $100 million on back-to-back weekends, following \"\"Incredibles 2\"\"s $182.7 million debut the week",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "20559317",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nsix-second clip from the film was released on November 22, 2017. The first trailer was teased for release on November 30, 2017. This was later confirmed to be incorrect. Several teaser trailers and a behind-the-scenes featurette of the film were released in early December 2017, before the release of a full-length trailer on December 7. That month, Universal launched a website for the Dinosaur Protection Group. It included miscellaneous information about the group and its effort to save the island's dinosaurs, as well as a video featuring Howard, Pineda and Smith as their characters. The website was created by Timothy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18867146",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nfilm grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third \"\"Jurassic\"\" film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 and the 12th highest-grossing film of all time. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Pratt's and Howard's performance, Bayona's direction, the visuals, Michael Giacchino's score and the \"\"surprisingly dark moments\"\", while others suggested the series had run its course, criticizing the screenplay and lack of innovation. An untitled sequel is set to be released on June 11, 2021, with Trevorrow returning to direct. A small team of mercenaries arrives on the abandoned",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3109710",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\n2015 and the highest-grossing in the franchise. A sequel titled \"\"\"\" was released in June 2018. Teenaged brothers Zach and Gray Mitchell visit Jurassic World, a dinosaur theme park at the original Jurassic Park site on Isla Nublar of which their aunt Claire Dearing is the operations manager. Claire assigns her assistant as the boys' guide but they evade her and explore on their own. Elsewhere on the island, U.S. Navy veteran and ethologist Owen Grady has been training four \"\"Velociraptors\"\" and researching their intelligence. Based on the raptors' ability to follow commands, Vic Hoskins, the head of InGen Security,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3109745",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\na strong word. This is a new sci-fi terror adventure set 22 years after the horrific events of \"\"Jurassic Park\"\".\"\" In June 2013, a new release date of 2015 was announced, and it was reported that the film would revolve around a fully functional dinosaur theme park. On September 10, 2013, Universal Pictures confirmed the film would be titled \"\"Jurassic World\"\" and would be released on June 12, 2015. Trevorrow chose to rename the film from its previous title, \"\"Jurassic Park IV\"\", to differentiate it from previous films in the series. Trevorrow also said that within the story, \"\"if you",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5214800",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World (attraction)\"\nJurassic World (attraction) Jurassic World is an upcoming attraction that will be themed to the \"\"Jurassic World\"\" franchise at Universal Studios Hollywood. The original , which opened on June 21, 1996 based on the 1993 film \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", is currently undergoing through a 9-month major refurbishment starting on September 3, 2018. The announcement was made on May 10, 2018 by Universal Studios Hollywood officials during the 25th anniversary of the 1993 film \"\"Jurassic Park\"\", directed by Steven Spielberg. It was stated that , which originally opened on June 21, 1996, would be closed for retheming based on the 2015 film",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20559318",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nGlover and Jack Anthony Ewins, who created the Masrani Global website for \"\"Jurassic World\"\". A second trailer aired during Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. A 30-second teaser trailer was released on April 13, 2018, announcing the release of a third full trailer on April 18. Several of the trailers and commercials for the film included scenes from the ending that depict the \"\"Tyrannosaurus rex\"\" and the \"\"Mosasaurus\"\" now loose in the world. This frustrated Trevorrow, who preferred not to show such scenes before the film's release. Universal had the benefit of a global marketing campaign by its partners",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11260560",
"chunk_text": "\"Frontier Developments\"\n\"\"enduring movie franchise of global renown\"\". This was later announced to be \"\"Jurassic World Evolution,\"\" which released on 12 June 2018. On 26 July 2017 the company announced Frontier Expo 2017, a press and community event focusing on \"\"Elite: Dangerous\"\", \"\"Planet Coaster\"\", and \"\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\". The event took place on 7 October 2017 at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London, UK. In July 2017, Tencent, a Chinese investment company bought a 9% share in the company. Frontier Developments Frontier Developments plc is a British video game developer based one the Cambridge Science Park in Cambridge, England. Founded by David",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17356581",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park Builder\"\nthat \"\"they vocalize with an impressive library of snarls, squeals, and grunts.\"\" However, Oxford also said \"\"the game's selection of decorations and buildings is kind of sparse\"\". She concluded that the game \"\"doesn't really offer an outset that's as exciting as the movie that spawned it, but it's still a very decent park-building game that lets you manage some fascinating attractions.\"\" An updated version of the game, titled Jurassic World: The Game and based on the 2015 film, \"\"Jurassic World\"\", was released by Ludia for iOS on April 29, 2015. The game was announced by Universal Pictures in October 2014,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4196845",
"chunk_text": "\"Lego Jurassic World\"\nThe game was officially announced in January 2015. In March 2015, a trailer was released for the game. A second trailer was released on 14 May 2015, giving a release date of 12 June 2015, to coincide with the theatrical release of \"\"Jurassic World\"\". According to review aggregator Metacritic, the PC, PlayStation 4, Wii U, and Xbox One versions of \"\"Lego Jurassic World\"\" received \"\"Mixed or average reviews,\"\" while the iOS version received \"\"Generally favorable reviews.\"\" Ebenezer Samuel of the \"\"New York Daily News\"\" noted the \"\"largely simple and friendly\"\" gameplay and puzzles, and wrote, \"\"By and large, there's plenty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19498525",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\n\"\"World\"\" for this trilogy’s final chapter. Many reviewers singled out the scene where a lone \"\"Brachiosaurus\"\", stranded on Isla Nublar, succumbs to the volcanic fumes while the characters helplessly watch from the departing ship, as \"\"poignant\"\" or \"\"haunting\"\", especially given the species' role in the first movie. An untitled sequel, known as \"\"Jurassic World 3\"\", is scheduled for release on June 11, 2021. Trevorrow will direct the film, and write the screenplay with Emily Carmichael. It is based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly. Trevorrow will also serve as executive producer with Steven Spielberg; Marshall and Crowley will serve",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18867157",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nJurassic World theme park, and said he would be interested in seeing a \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film made by one of several unnamed Spanish horror film directors. On July 23, 2015, Universal announced a fifth film had been scheduled for a June 22, 2018, release date in the U.S. It was also announced that Trevorrow would write the script with his writing partner Derek Connolly, as they had for \"\"Jurassic World\"\"; that the film would be produced by Frank Marshall; and that Spielberg and Trevorrow would act as executive producers. Universal also said that Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8467573",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\n2 and PC. \"\"Jurassic Park: The Game\"\" is an episodic video game based on the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" franchise, bridging the story of the first two films developed by Telltale Games in a deal with Universal. It was released on November 15, 2011 to a mixed reception, with reviewers praising the story but criticizing the characters and gameplay. The game takes place during and after the events of the original film, and follows a new group of survivors trying to escape Isla Nublar. The game features several creatures from the film, as well as new additions like \"\"Troodon\"\" and a \"\"Tylosaurus\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14787117",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nbe thought through on that level. It can't be arbitrary [...] the earlier Jurassic Park movies had pretty clear definitive endings. They were much more episodic.\"\" In March 2017, Laura Dern commented, \"\"As I said to the people who are making the new series, 'If you guys make a last one, you gotta let Ellie Sattler come back.'\"\" In February 2018, it was announced that the film, titled Jurassic World 3, would be released on June 11, 2021. It was also announced that Trevorrow would write the script with Emily Carmichael, based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly; and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3109814",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nalso stated that he and Connolly were not informed of the second hearing until it was already over. The credits of the screenplay ultimately went to both writing teams; Jaffa and Silver were also being credited for writing the original story. A sequel to \"\"Jurassic World\"\", titled \"\"\"\", was released in June 2018. Trevorrow and Connolly returned to write the script for the sequel, which features Pratt and Howard reprising their roles. Trevorrow said in 2014, \"\"We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4776566",
"chunk_text": "Dinotrux\nwas released on March 23, 2018, and the third season on August 3, 2018. Season 4 will be released in 2019 DreamWorks Animation first optioned rights to \"\"Dinotrux\"\" in March 2009, a month before the first book was published, with an intention to develop a computer-animated film. It also premiered on Tiny Pop and Pop on September 2017. A prehistoric world, set in the Mechazoic era, is populated by hybrid dinosaur-construction vehicles called Dinotrux, and by hybrid reptile-tools called Reptools. Two best friends, Ty, a Tyrannosaurus Trux, and Revvit, a Reptool, must team up with other inhabitants of the world",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12617409",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nin career mode remains in the sandbox. In sandbox mode, players have unlimited funds, and they can set the weather and time of day at their parks. Challenge Mode, available in an update after the game's release, involves playing with adjustable levels of difficulty and limited money, in addition to other differences like fees and penalties against players. \"\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\" was developed and published by Frontier Developments, and is based on the 2015 film \"\"Jurassic World\"\". NBCUniversal had wanted a game to accompany the theatrical release of its 2018 film \"\"\"\" and approached Frontier Developments about creating it two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3109792",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nof 2015. Across all digital and physical formats, \"\"Jurassic World\"\" collected $82.6 million in its first week. At the end of 2015, it was named the second-highest-selling video of the year in the UK, selling 1.05 million copies since its release. It was the third-highest-selling DVD and the second-highest-selling Blu-ray in the country. \"\"Jurassic World\"\" is included in the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" 4K UHD Blu-Ray collection, which was released on May 22, 2018. The DVD debuted at number-one on the UK DVD Charts. \"\"Jurassic World\"\" grossed $652.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.019 billion in other countries, for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4196833",
"chunk_text": "\"Lego Jurassic World\"\nLego Jurassic World Lego Jurassic World is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by TT Fusion and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, which was released for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, OS X, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It adapts the plots of the first four films in the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" franchise, and is part of a series of Lego-themed video games. The game was released on 12 June 2015 to coincide with the theatrical release of \"\"Jurassic World\"\". \"\"Lego Jurassic World\"\" was later released for Android and iOS on 31 March",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268596",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nWong reprised their roles from the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film series, voicing remarks to players and contributing to the game's narrative. Announced at Gamescom 2017, the game received a generally mixed critical reception. Critics praised its dinosaur designs and graphics, but the game's contracts, simulation and management gameplay were less well-received. The game's tutorial and learning curve were also criticized. Five weeks after its initial release, the game had sold one million copies through digital and physical sales. The game was supported with free updates and downloadable content upon release. \"\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\" is a business simulation game that allows the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18867144",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nJurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to \"\"Jurassic World\"\" (2015). Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the fifth installment of the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film series, as well as the second installment of a planned \"\"Jurassic World\"\" trilogy. Derek Connolly and \"\"Jurassic World\"\" director Colin Trevorrow both returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" director Steven Spielberg as executive producers. Set on the fictional Central American island of Isla Nublar, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, it follows Owen Grady and Claire Dearing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268595",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nA sandbox mode set on Isla Nublar, the setting of the film, can be unlocked. The game was created by a development team of approximately 100 people with a budget of around £8 million. Its development began in 2016, after NBCUniversal approached Frontier Developments about creating a game to accompany the theatrical release of \"\"\"\". To do this, Frontier staff inspected different dinosaur models and reference materials sent by Universal, watched the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" films, read the novels and fan theories. The team consulted paleontologist Jack Horner when they designed the dinosaurs. Jeff Goldblum, Bryce Dallas Howard and B. D.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9268602",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World Evolution\"\nto fit the sound effects. To design the dinosaurs the development team primarily referred to the films for consistency, while incorporating some of the latest scientific discoveries to add to their designs. The team also studied birds and other animals to aid in designing the dinosaurs. In addition to their designs, dinosaur behavior was based on a combination of the films and scientific findings. Paleontologist Jack Horner, who served as an advisor on the films, was also consulted for advice on the game's dinosaurs. They were given bright and colorful hides based on new dinosaur research. In February 2017, Frontier's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3109743",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\n\"\"if I direct this screenplay, it's going to be a bad movie. I'm gonna do a bad job, because I just don't get it.\"\" Trevorrow and Connolly wrote their own draft of the script over a couple of weeks. The studio received the draft on May 6, 2013, and found the script changes more large-scale than anticipated. On May 8, 2013, the studio announced it was pushing the release from June 13, 2014, to an unspecified future date. Filming had been set to begin on June 24, 2013. Delaying the film allowed Trevorrow and Connolly more time to work on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20559326",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nbefore, since May 2007 when \"\"Shrek the Third\"\" and \"\"\"\" opened to $121.6 million and $114.7 million, respectively. In its second weekend the film made $60 million, a drop of 59% and less than the $105.8 million made by \"\"Jurassic World\"\" in its sophomore weekend. In its third weekend it made $28.3 million. Overseas, the film was released in 48 countries between June 6 and June 8, 2018, including France, Germany, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, and Spain. It was projected to gross $130–145 million on its opening weekend. It made $20.2 million on its first day, including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12323577",
"chunk_text": "\"Dinosaur World (video game)\"\nRare and, Dreamworks Entertainment will be airing on Universal Kids on May 18, 2018 and then on Netflix on June 12. The player begins the game in the Mossy Plain, the first location in the game. The player then must find everything on the checklist in the Electronic Field Guide (also containing controls, instructions and a world map) in order to unlock a hidden level: the Salt Lake, where the player can create their own dinosaur herds to explore their behavior. The game contains six regions, the Mossy Plain (inhabited by three Diplodocus), the Forest (later inhabited by a female",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19498526",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom\"\nas producers. Pratt and Howard will reprise their roles for the film. Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is a 2018 American science fiction adventure film and the sequel to \"\"Jurassic World\"\" (2015). Directed by J. A. Bayona, it is the fifth installment of the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film series, as well as the second installment of a planned \"\"Jurassic World\"\" trilogy. Derek Connolly and \"\"Jurassic World\"\" director Colin Trevorrow both returned as writers, with Trevorrow and the original \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" director Steven Spielberg as executive producers. Set on the fictional Central American island of Isla Nublar, off the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10731840",
"chunk_text": "\"Shadow of the Colossus (2018 video game)\"\nof a new control scheme. The game uses the original codebase from the PlayStation 2 game. The art staff used the PlayStation 2 version to create parity with the PlayStation 4 version. The game was released on February 6, 2018 in North America, February 7 in Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and February 8 in Japan. \"\"Shadow of the Colossus\"\" received \"\"universal acclaim\"\" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Brett Makedonski's 10/10 score on Destructoid stated that \"\"Nothing in this entire game is forgettable. For a game predicated on methodically finding and exposing these creatures' weak points, you'd",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15977292",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park: The Game\"\non sale in winter 2010. The game was to be published for Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, and unspecified home video game consoles. The game's title and a trailer were unveiled in February 2011, with a planned release date of April 2011 for the first of several downloadable episodes. On April 26, 2011, Telltale announced that the game would be delayed until fall 2011. Telltale co-founder Dan Connors said, \"\"The game's mechanics and storytelling have come together in such a way that we see great potential, so much so that we feel we can push these elements to the next level if",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6928043",
"chunk_text": "Parkasaurus\nleave at night. The player digs for fossils to locate dinosaurs eggs that become dinosaurs. Single player mode is supported. \"\"Parkasaurus\"\" is planned to be released in Early Access in September 25, 2018. Parkasaurus Parkasaurus is an upcoming dinosaur zoo construction and management simulation video game being developed by Washbear Studio and is going to enter Early Access on September 25, 2018. The player is tasked to create a dinosaur zoo by building and designing dinosaur exhibits. Parkasaurus starts the player with a procedural generated field. The player chooses various exhibit components such as fences and plants to create exhibits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16199294",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park (computer video game)\"\ndevelopers during the game's production. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" was released in the United Kingdom in October 1993, and was subsequently released in the United States a year later. Many critics praised the game's indoor environments, but some criticized its large exterior environment, and its boring and repetitive gameplay. \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" is based on the 1993 film of the same name, in which paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant and others become trapped on an island theme park and zoo where genetically engineered dinosaurs have escaped. Playing as Grant, the player must rescue Lex and Tim, the grandchildren of the park's owner, John Hammond.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4196859",
"chunk_text": "\"Lego Jurassic World\"\nsold 4 million copies. Lego Jurassic World Lego Jurassic World is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by TT Fusion and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, which was released for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, OS X, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It adapts the plots of the first four films in the \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" franchise, and is part of a series of Lego-themed video games. The game was released on 12 June 2015 to coincide with the theatrical release of \"\"Jurassic World\"\". \"\"Lego Jurassic World\"\" was later released for Android and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3109788",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nwanted\"\". Trevorrow stated that because of the film's cost, the trailers included scenes Universal felt were necessary to ensure its financial success after the studio's disappointment with \"\"Jurassic Park III\"\"'s box-office performance. Universal spent $34.9 million on television advertisements for the film. Companies including Kellogg's, Dairy Queen and Barbasol served as promotional partners for the film, and Lego and Hasbro released toys based on it. Two video games, \"\"Lego Jurassic World\"\" and \"\"\"\", were released in 2015. Tippett Studio worked with Universal and Efexio to create an application titled \"\"Jurassic World Mobile MovieMaker\"\", which adds images of dinosaurs to a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4862596",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis\"\nkeep the park safe and secure. The park can be populated with up to sixty dinosaurs with twenty-five different species available from the three \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" films. The player can also add attractions similar to those seen in the films, such as the safari seen in the first \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" film from 1993, and additional attractions such as a balloon tour and several varieties of viewing platform. Development began in 2001, and lasted 22 months. The game was announced in February 2002, with its release initially scheduled for late 2002. Ultimately, the game was released in North America and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1973700",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lost World: Jurassic Park (arcade game)\"\nmake the two-player mode different from the one-player mode, in regard to routes the players would take or the types of dinosaurs they would encounter. This idea was scrapped due to time constraints. The game was publicly announced in the first quarter of 1997, and was unveiled in June at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3). \"\"The Lost World: Jurassic Park\"\" was released in the United States and the United Kingdom in September 1997. Spielberg received one of the arcade cabinets as a gift from Sega of America. By January 1998, an updated version of the game had been released in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17356575",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park Builder\"\nfeaturing extinct animals from the era along with some Mesozoic crocodilians. In October 2011, Ludia announced a partnership with Universal Pictures to produce a park-building video game titled \"\"Jurassic Park: The Social Game\"\". The game was to be released for Facebook and for mobile devices via the App Store, with a scheduled release in early 2012. The game was ultimately released as \"\"Jurassic Park Builder\"\". In North America, the game was released for the iOS operating system on July 23, 2012, accompanied by a simultaneous release on Facebook. A version was also released for the Android operating system. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2333100",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic World\"\nKennedy said a script had not yet been written because story ideas were still being discussed. In January 2012, Kennedy said a story had been chosen and that work on the script would begin. That month, Spielberg said he would not direct the film but would produce it. In June 2012, it was announced that writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver would be scripting \"\"Jurassic Park 4\"\". On January 11, 2013, Universal said the film would be made in 3D and released on June 13, 2014. In February, it was reported that Kathleen Kennedy would not be producing the film",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13484114",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park: The Ride\"\nannounced that its version of the ride would be closing on September 3, 2018 for a 9 month long renovation to transform the ride into a new attraction based on the \"\"Jurassic World\"\" line of films in the franchise. This version is slated to debut in 2019 and will include all new animatronics and special effects. The ride was designed to replicate the atmosphere of Isla Nublar. Guests began the queue by walking under the Jurassic Park Sign before waiting under an open-wall building. A tour guide appeared on television monitors in the building, reviewing boarding and ride safety. Other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8467545",
"chunk_text": "\"Jurassic Park\"\nher role, with the film expected for release in 2008. The film was further delayed by the 200708 Writers Guild of America strike. Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected. \"\"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\"\" screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script. In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer, with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015. The film was shot in 3D, and received generally positive reviews. The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_835
|
what was the alliance between great britian russia and france known as?
|
n/a
|
[
"The Triple Entente"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19113131",
"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731)\"\nAnglo-French Alliance (1716–1731) The Anglo-French Alliance is the name for the alliance between Great Britain and France between 1716 and 1731. It formed part of the stately quadrille in which the Great Powers of Europe repeatedly switched partners to try to build a superior alliance. Following the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht, British and French interests converged as they wished to stop the expansion of Spanish and Russian power. Although British Whig politicians had attacked the Treaty of Utrecht under the slogan \"\"No Peace Without Spain\"\", given it seemingly placed Spain under",
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"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731)\"\nwere on opposite sides during the War of the Austrian Succession and their colonial rivalry in North America continued. Some have suggested that between 1688 and 1815 Britain and France were 'natural enemies' and the period has become known as the Second Hundred Years' War, but the 17 years spent as allies has been used to challenge the theory that the two states were implacable enemies. Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731) The Anglo-French Alliance is the name for the alliance between Great Britain and France between 1716 and 1731. It formed part of the stately quadrille in which the Great Powers of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "2348219",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Russian Alliance\"\nFranco-Russian Alliance The Franco-Russian Alliance, or Russo-French Rapprochement, was an alliance formed by the agreements of 1891–93; it lasted until 1917. The strengthening of the German Empire, the creation of the Triple Alliance of 1882, and the exacerbation of Franco-German and Russo-German contradictions at the end of the 1880s led to a common foreign policy and mutual strategic military interests between France and Russia. The development of financial ties between the two countries created the economic prerequisites for the Russo-French Alliance. The history of the alliance dates to the beginning of the 1870s, to the contradictions engendered by the Franco-Prussian",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
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"chunk_id": "16735967",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Russian Alliance\"\nnullified by the Soviet government in 1917. Franco-Russian Alliance The Franco-Russian Alliance, or Russo-French Rapprochement, was an alliance formed by the agreements of 1891–93; it lasted until 1917. The strengthening of the German Empire, the creation of the Triple Alliance of 1882, and the exacerbation of Franco-German and Russo-German contradictions at the end of the 1880s led to a common foreign policy and mutual strategic military interests between France and Russia. The development of financial ties between the two countries created the economic prerequisites for the Russo-French Alliance. The history of the alliance dates to the beginning of the 1870s,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_text": "\"Military alliance\"\nRoman Empire, Holland, England, Spain and Saxony, were both directed against the power of Louis XIV of France. The Quadruple or Grand Alliance of 1814, defined in the Treaty of Chaumont, between Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia, had for its object the overthrow of Napoleon and his dynasty, and the confining of France within her traditional boundaries. The Triple Alliance of 1882 between Germany, Austria and Italy was ostensibly directed to the preservation of European peace against any possible aggressive action of France or Russia; and this led in turn, some ten years later, to the Dual Alliance between",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "446407",
"chunk_text": "\"Auld Alliance\"\nAuld Alliance The Auld Alliance (Scots for \"\"Old Alliance\"\"; ; ) was an alliance made in 1295 between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. The alliance was formed for the purpose of controlling England's numerous invasions. The Scots word \"\"auld\"\", meaning \"\"old\"\", has become a partly affectionate term for the long-lasting alliance between the two countries. It remained until the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. The alliance played a significant role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 to 1560. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
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"chunk_id": "18933257",
"chunk_text": "\"Holy Alliance\"\nHoly Alliance The Holy Alliance (; , \"\"Svyashchennyy soyuz\"\"; also called the Grand Alliance) was a coalition created by the monarchist great powers of Russia, Austria and Prussia. It was created after the ultimate defeat of Napoleon at the behest of Tsar Alexander I of Russia and signed in Paris on 26 September 1815. The intention of the alliance was to restrain liberalism and secularism in Europe in the wake of the devastating French Revolutionary Wars, and the alliance nominally succeeded in this until the Crimean War (1853–1856). Otto von Bismarck managed to reunite the Holy Alliance after the unification",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "19396250",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Austrian Alliance\"\nquadrille. In August 1756, Frederick the Great of Prussia, fearing that his country was about to be overrun and partitioned by its enemies, launched a pre-emptive strike against Austria's ally Saxony which he succeeded in capturing. This triggered the declaration of the Seven Years' War, and Austria went to war with Prussia with France as an ally. The Treaty of St Petersburg saw Sweden and Russia join the anti-Prussian alliance. Britain was Prussia's only major ally, although London was at war with France only and not with Austria, Russia, Saxony or Sweden. The alliance reached its high water mark in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_text": "\"France–Russia relations\"\nGermany on its own, but their combined power might do so. France had finally escaped its diplomatic isolation. The alliance was secret until 1897, when the French government realized that secrecy was defeating its deterrent value. After France was humiliated by Britain in the Fashoda Incident of 1898, the French wanted the alliance to become an anti-British alliance. In 1900, the alliance was amended to name Great Britain as a threat and stipulated that should Britain attack France, Russia would invade India. The French provided a loan so that the Russians could start the construction of a railroad from Orenburg",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
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"chunk_id": "10895603",
"chunk_text": "\"Triple Alliance (1788)\"\nTriple Alliance (1788) The Triple Alliance of 1788 was a military alliance between Great Britain, Prussia and the United Provinces. Great Britain saw it as necessary to maintain the balance of power, and Prussia was hoping for the territorial gains. The alliance was primarily aimed at the Russian Empire, which stood to increase its influence with its looming victory over the Ottoman Empire. Due to efforts of Russian diplomacy, particularly in fostering parliamentary dissent in Great Britain, where the main proponent of action against Russia, William Pitt the Younger, lost support, the Alliance fell apart before it was ready to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "18206303",
"chunk_text": "\"Triple Entente\"\nTriple Entente The Triple Entente (from French \"\"entente\"\" \"\"friendship, understanding, agreement\"\") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907. The understanding between the three powers, supplemented by agreements with Japan and Portugal, was a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. However, Italy did not side with Germany and Austria during World War I and joined the Entente instead in the Treaty of London (1915). Historians continue to debate the importance of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18933260",
"chunk_text": "\"Holy Alliance\"\nto call it \"\"a resounding nothing\"\"). The monarchs of the three countries involved used this to band together in order to prevent revolutionary influence (especially from the French Revolution) and Enlightenment from entering these nations. The Alliance is usually associated with the later Quadruple and Quintuple Alliances, which included the United Kingdom and (from 1818) France with the aim of upholding the European peace settlement and balance of power in the Concert of Europe concluded at the Congress of Vienna. On 29 September 1818, the Tsar, Emperor Francis I of Austria and King Frederick William III of Prussia met with",
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "14381610",
"chunk_text": "\"Russia–United Kingdom relations\"\nRussia–United Kingdom relations Russia–United Kingdom relations, also Anglo-Russian relations, is the bilateral relationship between Russia and the United Kingdom. The formal ties between the courts of Moscow and London go back to 1553. Russia and Britain were allies against Napoleon in the early 19th century, enemies in the Crimean War of the 1850s, and rivals in the Great Game for control of central Asia in the latter half of 19th century. They were allies again in World Wars I and II, although relations were strained by the Russian Revolution of 1917. They were at sword's point during the Cold War",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "12254034",
"chunk_text": "\"Russia–United Kingdom relations\"\nsecured a renewal of the commercial treaty between Britain and Russia. The outbreak of the French Revolution and its attendant wars temporarily united constitutionalist Britain and autocratic Russia in an ideological alliance against French republicanism. Britain and Russia attempted to halt the French but the failure of their joint invasion of the Netherlands in 1799 precipitated a change in attitudes. Britain occupied Malta, while the Emperor Paul I of Russia was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller. That led to the never-executed Indian March of Paul, which was a secret project of a planned allied Russo-French expedition against the British",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "10088140",
"chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Alliance (1778)\"\nTreaty of Alliance (1778) The Treaty of Alliance with France or Franco-American Treaty was a defensive alliance between France and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, which promised mutual military support in case fighting should break out between French and British forces, as the result of signing the previously concluded Treaty of Amity and Commerce. The alliance was planned to endure indefinitely into the future. Delegates of King Louis XVI of France and the Second Continental Congress, who represented the United States at this time, signed the two treaties along with a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "8584114",
"chunk_text": "\"France–United Kingdom relations\"\nNapoleon at first had a pro-British foreign policy, and was eager not to displease the British government whose friendship he saw as important to France. After a brief threat of an invasion of Britain in 1851, France and Britain cooperated in the 1850s, with an alliance in the Crimean War, and a major trade treaty in 1860. However Britain viewed the Second Empire with increasing distrust, especially as the emperor built up his navy, expanded his empire and took up a more active foreign policy. The two nations were military allies during the Crimean War (1853–56) to curb Russia's expansion",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_text": "\"Russia–United Kingdom relations\"\nto British intelligence agents making covert payments to NGOs in Russia; shortly afterwards, president Vladimir Putin introduced a law that tightened regulation of funding non-governmental organisations in Russia. Russia–United Kingdom relations Russia–United Kingdom relations, also Anglo-Russian relations, is the bilateral relationship between Russia and the United Kingdom. The formal ties between the courts of Moscow and London go back to 1553. Russia and Britain were allies against Napoleon in the early 19th century, enemies in the Crimean War of the 1850s, and rivals in the Great Game for control of central Asia in the latter half of 19th century. They",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "16735966",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Russian Alliance\"\ndependence on French imperialism. Prior to World War I, the cooperation of the general staffs of both countries assumed closer forms. In 1912 a Russo-French naval convention was signed. Russia and France entered the war united by the treaty of alliance. This had a significant effect on the course and outcome of the war since it forced Germany from the first days of the war to fight on two fronts. This led to the defeat of Germany the battle of the Marne, to the collapse of the Schlieffen Plan, and finally to the defeat of Germany. The Russo-French Alliance was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "831486",
"chunk_text": "\"Russo-Prussian alliance\"\ntreaty was a creation of the Russian diplomat Nikita Ivanovich Panin. It expanded on the Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1762, which ended the fighting in the Seven Years' War between Prussia and Russia. Signed on 11 April 1764, it laid the foundation for the \"\"northern system\"\" in Russian politics in which Russia and Prussia were allied with Great Britain. Although the Anglo-Prussian Alliance had waned around that time, the ties between Great Britain and Russia strengthened, with a trade alliance signed in 1766. The alliance was defensive in nature, each party declaring it would protect the territorial stability of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "18206309",
"chunk_text": "\"Triple Entente\"\nCentral Asia, nicknamed The Great Game. In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Britain continued its policy of \"\"splendid isolation\"\", with its primary focus on defending its massive overseas empire. However, by the early 1900s, the German threat had increased dramatically, and in Britain thought it was in need of allies. For most of the 19th century, Britain had regarded France and Russia as its two most dangerous rivals, but with the growing threat of Germany, policy began to change for several reasons: During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, Prussia defeated the Second French Empire, resulting in the establishment",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "2348222",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Russian Alliance\"\nof French capital into Russia. At the end of the 1880s and the beginning of the 1890s, Russia received a number of large loans from France. The deterioration of Russo-German relations, the resurrection of the Triple Alliance in 1891, and the rumors that Great Britain would join the alliance laid the grounds for the conclusion of a political agreement between Russia and France. During a visit by a French squadron to Kronstadt in July 1891, the agreement of 1891 was concluded in the form of an exchange of letters between the ministers of foreign affairs. France was interested significantly more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "14400288",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Persian alliance\"\nFranco-Persian alliance A Franco-Persian alliance or Franco-Iranian alliance was formed for a short period between the French Empire of Napoleon I and Fath Ali Shah against Russia and Great Britain between 1807 and 1809. The alliance was part of a plan to gather extra aid against Russia and by Persia's help, having another front on Russia's southern borders, namely the Caucasus region. The alliance unravelled when France finally allied with Russia and turned its focus to European campaigns. Due to the traditional friendly relations of France with the Ottoman Empire formalized by a long-standing Franco-Ottoman alliance, the relations of France",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "20281598",
"chunk_text": "\"France–Russia relations\"\nfor their part were very interested in the Russian offers of an alliance. In August 1891, France and Russia signed a \"\"consultative pact\"\" where both nations agreed to consult each other if another power were to threaten the peace of Europe. Negotiations were increasingly successful, and in early 1894 France and Russia agreed to the Franco-Russian Alliance, a military pledge to join together in war if Germany attacked either of them. The alliance was intended to deter Germany from going to war by presenting it with the threat of a two-front war; neither France or Russia could hope to defeat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
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"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Persian alliance\"\nthe conflict. Negotiations led to the March 1857 Treaty of Paris, which put an end to the Anglo-Persian War. Franco-Persian alliance A Franco-Persian alliance or Franco-Iranian alliance was formed for a short period between the French Empire of Napoleon I and Fath Ali Shah against Russia and Great Britain between 1807 and 1809. The alliance was part of a plan to gather extra aid against Russia and by Persia's help, having another front on Russia's southern borders, namely the Caucasus region. The alliance unravelled when France finally allied with Russia and turned its focus to European campaigns. Due to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18933263",
"chunk_text": "\"Holy Alliance\"\nherself neutral and even occupied the Wallachian and Moldavian lands on the Danube upon the Russian retreat in 1854. Thereafter, Austria remained isolated, which added to the loss of her leading role in the German lands, culminating in the defeat of the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. Holy Alliance The Holy Alliance (; , \"\"Svyashchennyy soyuz\"\"; also called the Grand Alliance) was a coalition created by the monarchist great powers of Russia, Austria and Prussia. It was created after the ultimate defeat of Napoleon at the behest of Tsar Alexander I of Russia and signed in Paris on 26 September 1815.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "7634724",
"chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\nRussia and Great Britain, first by means of the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, then the 1904 Entente Cordiale with Great Britain, and finally the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907, which became the Triple Entente. This alliance with Britain and Russia against Germany and Austria eventually led Russia and Britain to enter World War I as France's Allies. Distrust of Germany, faith in the army, and native French anti-semitism combined to make the Dreyfus Affair (the unjust trial and condemnation of a Jewish military officer for \"\"treason\"\" in 1894) a political scandal of the utmost gravity. For a decade, the nation was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19788882",
"chunk_text": "\"Triple Entente\"\nin 1890, Russian leaders grew alarmed at the country's diplomatic isolation and joined the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894. In 1904, Britain and France signed a series of agreements, the Entente cordiale, mostly in solving colonial disputes. That heralded the end of British splendid isolation and was partly a response to growing German antagonism, as expressed in the expansion of the \"\"Kaiserliche Marine\"\" (Imperial Navy) to become a battle fleet that could threaten the supremacy of the British Royal Navy. The Entente, unlike the Triple Alliance and the Franco-Russian Alliance, was not an alliance of mutual defence and so Britain was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_text": "\"Triple Entente\"\nand French politicians expressing relief when Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and was replaced by the Russian Provisional Government after the February Revolution in 1917. An offer of political asylum for the Romanovs was even withdrawn by the British king for fear popular reaction. Also, France never brought up the subject of asylum with the deposed tsar. Triple Entente The Triple Entente (from French \"\"entente\"\" \"\"friendship, understanding, agreement\"\") refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907. The understanding",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "1478514",
"chunk_text": "\"Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)\"\nGrand Alliance (League of Augsburg) The Grand Alliance is the name commonly used for the coalition formed on 20 December 1689 by England, the Dutch Republic and Holy Roman Emperor Leopold, including the Archduchy of Austria. With the later additions of Spain and Savoy, this fought the 1688–97 Nine Years' War against France that ended with the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick. The Alliance was reformed in September 1701 by the Treaty of The Hague shortly before the War of the Spanish Succession and dissolved after the 1714 Peace of Utrecht. This is often referred to as the Second Grand Alliance.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "16735965",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-Russian Alliance\"\nbloc (the Triple Alliance) headed by Germany. In Europe, two opposing hostile imperialist blocs had formed. Relying on Russian support, France intensified its colonial policy. After the Fashoda Incident of 1898 with Great Britain, it endeavored even more to strengthen the alliance with Russia. The alliance with France also facilitated the tsarist government’s expansion into Manchuria in the 1890s. During the preparatory period and the first years of the existence of the Russo-French Alliance, the determining role was played by Russia, but in time the situation altered. By constantly receiving new loans from France, Russian tsarism gradually fell into financial",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17802855",
"chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Alliance (1778)\"\nthe Franco-American Alliance that began in 1778 was ended. Treaty of Alliance (1778) The Treaty of Alliance with France or Franco-American Treaty was a defensive alliance between France and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, which promised mutual military support in case fighting should break out between French and British forces, as the result of signing the previously concluded Treaty of Amity and Commerce. The alliance was planned to endure indefinitely into the future. Delegates of King Louis XVI of France and the Second Continental Congress, who represented the United States at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20281587",
"chunk_text": "\"France–Russia relations\"\nthe foundation of Saint Petersburg as the new Russian capital in 1712, and Peter the Great's declaration of the Russian Empire in 1721, Russia became a major force in Western European affairs for the first time. The geographical separation between France and Russia meant that their spheres of influence rarely overlapped. When involved in the same war, their troops rarely fought together as allies or directly against each other as enemies on the same battlefields. However, each state played a crucial role in the European balance of power. The two countries' armed forces fought on opposite sides in the 1733–1738",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "4180646",
"chunk_text": "\"Franco-American alliance\"\nFranco-American alliance The Franco-American alliance was the 1778 alliance between the Kingdom of France and the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Formalized in the 1778 Treaty of Alliance, it was a military pact in which the French provided many supplies for the Americans. The Netherlands and Spain later joined as allies of France; Britain had no European allies. The French alliance was possible once the Americans captured a British invasion army at Saratoga in October 1777, demonstrating the viability of the American cause. The alliance became controversial after 1793 when Britain and Revolutionary France again went to war",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "8789287",
"chunk_text": "\"International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)\"\nFrance, it needed a military alliance to contain the threat of Germany’s strong army and military aggressiveness. The pope, angered by German anti-Catholicism, worked diplomatically to bring Paris and St. Petersburg together. Russia desperately needed money for our infrastructure of railways and ports facilities. The German government refused to allow its banks to lend money to Russia, but French banks eagerly did so. For example, it funded the essential trans-Siberian railway. Negotiations were increasingly successful, and by 1895. France and Russia had signed the Franco-Russian Alliance, a strong military alliance to join together in war if Germany attacked either of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4376487",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nRussia, and perhaps. Meanwhile, Paris went to great pains to woo Russia and Great Britain. Key markers were the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, the 1904 Entente Cordiale linking France and Great Britain, and finally the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907 which became the Triple Entente. France thus had a formal alliance with Russia, and an informal alignment with Britain, against Germany and Austria. By 1903 good relations had been established with the United States and Japan. Britain abandoned the policy of holding aloof from the continental powers, so called \"\"Splendid Isolation\"\", in the 1900s after being isolated during the Second Boer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19963520",
"chunk_text": "\"Stately quadrille\"\nStately quadrille \"\"Stately quadrille\"\" is a term popularly used to describe the constantly shifting alliances between the Great Powers of Europe during the 18th century. The ultimate objective was to maintain the balance of power in Europe to stop any one alliance or country becoming too strong. It takes its name from the quadrille, a dance in which the participants constantly swap partners. The most widely cited instance was in 1756, when Britain and Austria abandoned their 25-year-long Anglo-Austrian Alliance and instead made new alliances with their former enemies, Prussia and France, respectively. That was known as the Diplomatic Revolution.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6935610",
"chunk_text": "\"Triple Alliance (1596)\"\nTriple Alliance (1596) The Triple Alliance of 1596 (full title: Tract of alliance between England, France and the United Netherlands), was an alliance between England, France and the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The Republic joined as a third party to an earlier agreement between England and France, but the alliance did in fact not take effect until the Republic joined. By signing the treaty, France and England were the first states to recognize the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands as an independent state. The three parties in the alliance were all at war with Spain. There had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20281586",
"chunk_text": "\"France–Russia relations\"\nFrance–Russia relations France–Russia relations (, , \"\"Rossiysko-frantsuzskiye otnosheniya\"\") date back to the early modern period. According to a 2017 Pew Global Attitudes Project survey, 36% of French people have a favorable view of Russia, with 62% expressing an unfavorable view. A 2018 opinion poll published by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center shows that 81% of Russians have a favorable view of France, with 19% expressing a negative opinion. Franco-Russian diplomatic ties go back at least to 1702, when France had an ambassador () in Moscow. Following Russia's victory over Sweden in the Great Northern War of 1700 to 1721,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12687570",
"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)\"\nAlliance with the Dutch Republic. Following the outbreak of the French Revolution Britain and Prussia both took part in the various coalitions formed against France. Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756) The Anglo-Prussian Alliance was a military alliance created by the Westminster Convention between Great Britain and Prussia which lasted formally between 1756 and 1762 during the Seven Years' War. It allowed Britain to concentrate the majority of its efforts against the colonial possessions of the French-led coalition, while Prussia bore the brunt of the fighting in Europe. It ended in the final months of the conflict, and despite its end, strong ties",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "725160",
"chunk_text": "\"Military history of the Russian Empire\"\nthe balance of power in Europe greatly. Britain and the Austrian Empire had cultivated an alliance against France for many years, but this was suddenly broken when Austria shifted its center of interest away from France, and from protecting its vulnerable colonies in the west, to the rising power of Prussia in the north. Russia, meanwhile, had clashed with France time and time again, and was searching for allies against an increasingly diplomatically aggressive France and an increasingly powerful Prussia. Thus Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin attempted to build an alliance with Russia's \"\"natural friends,\"\" Britain and Austria, against its \"\"natural enemies,\"\" France",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7297079",
"chunk_text": "\"Stately quadrille\"\npatterns, which had a tendency to cause major wars. This was successful through most of the 19th century, until the First World War collapsed the post-Napoleonic system amid increasingly acute nationalist tensions, which led to the formation of Germany and the collapse of the Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires. Stately quadrille \"\"Stately quadrille\"\" is a term popularly used to describe the constantly shifting alliances between the Great Powers of Europe during the 18th century. The ultimate objective was to maintain the balance of power in Europe to stop any one alliance or country becoming too strong. It takes its name",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8789283",
"chunk_text": "\"International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)\"\nas Russia was looking for a new partner and French financiers invested heavily in Russian economic development. In 1893 Paris and St. Petersburg signed an alliance. France was no longer isolated – but Germany was increasingly isolated and distrusted, with only Austria as a serious ally. The Triple Alliance included Germany, Austria, and Italy, but Italy had serious disputes with Austria, and switched sides when the world war erupted. Britain was also moving toward alliances, having abandoned its policy of splendid isolation. By 1903, France settled its disputes with Britain. After Russia and Britain settled their disputes over Persia in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1478520",
"chunk_text": "\"Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)\"\nWilliam of Orange became William III/II of England and Scotland. The Dutch Republic declared war on France in March 1689, followed by England in May. The overlap between the various coalitions is often confusing. The Empire contained hundreds of members, each belonging to an Imperial Circle (see map), an administrative unit for collecting taxes and mutual support; the Swabian Circle alone had over 88 members. Individual states could form or join alliances, such as the 1685 agreement between Brandenburg-Prussia and the Dutch Republic, while Leopold signed the Grand Alliance as Archduke of Austria. However, only the Imperial Diet could commit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "380544",
"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-French War (1778–1783)\"\nAnglo-French War (1778–1783) The Anglo-French War was a military conflict fought between France and Great Britain with their respective allies between 1778 and 1783. In 1778, France signed a treaty of friendship with the United States. Great Britain was then at war with France, and in 1779 it was also at war with Spain. As a consequence, Great Britain was forced to divert resources used to fight the war in North America to theatres in Europe, India and the West Indies, and to rely on what turned out to be the chimera of Loyalist support in its North American operations.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10088148",
"chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Alliance (1778)\"\njoin the alliance. The first articles of the treaty establish that in the case that war were to break out between France and Britain, during the continuing hostilities of the American Revolutionary War, a military alliance would be formed between France and the United States which would combine each respective military force, and efforts for the direct purpose of maintaining the \"\"liberty, Sovereignty, and (independence) absolute and unlimited of the said united States, as well in Matters of (Government) as of commerce.\"\" This portion of the treaty is used to preemptively divide up any lands obtained from Great Britain due",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12687563",
"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)\"\nAnglo-Prussian alliance (1756) The Anglo-Prussian Alliance was a military alliance created by the Westminster Convention between Great Britain and Prussia which lasted formally between 1756 and 1762 during the Seven Years' War. It allowed Britain to concentrate the majority of its efforts against the colonial possessions of the French-led coalition, while Prussia bore the brunt of the fighting in Europe. It ended in the final months of the conflict, and despite its end, strong ties between the two remained. Since 1731 Britain had been tied to Prussia's major rival Austria by the Anglo-Austrian Alliance. Prussia had been allied to Britain's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3094127",
"chunk_text": "\"French invasion of Russia\"\nFrench invasion of Russia The French invasion of Russia, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 () and in France as the Russian Campaign (), began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army. Napoleon hoped to compel Tsar Alexander I of Russia to cease trading with British merchants through proxies in an effort to pressure the United Kingdom to sue for peace. The official political aim of the campaign was to liberate Poland from the threat of Russia. Napoleon named the campaign the Second Polish",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1665759",
"chunk_text": "\"Reinsurance Treaty\"\nthat treaty. Kaiser Wilhelm II was still highly influential in foreign policy and believed his personal friendship with Tsar Alexander III would be sufficient to ensure further genial diplomatic ties. His higher priority was building better relationships with Great Britain. Anglo-Russian relations had long been strained by Russia's quest to take control of the Straits linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. London feared that Russian expansion to its south would threaten British colonial interests in the Middle East. France, desperate for an ally, report financial help to rebuild the Russian economy and successfully developed the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8584082",
"chunk_text": "\"France–United Kingdom relations\"\nfear of a continental intervention, an Act of Union was passed in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain, and formally merging the kingdoms of Scotland and England (the latter kingdom included Wales). While the new Britain grew increasingly parliamentarian, France continued its system of absolute monarchy. The newly united Britain fought France in the War of the Spanish Succession from 1702 to 1713, and the War of the Austrian Succession from 1740 to 1748, attempting to maintain the balance of power in Europe. The British had a massive navy but maintained a small land army, so Britain always acted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11116745",
"chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Chaumont\"\nTreaty of Chaumont The Treaty of Chaumont was a series of separately signed but identically worded agreements between the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom dated 1 March 1814, although the actual signings took place on 9 or 19 March. The treaty was intended to draw the powers of the Sixth Coalition into a closer alliance in the event that France rejected the peace terms they had recently offered. Each agreed to put 150,000 soldiers in the field against France and to guarantee the European peace (once obtained) against French aggression for twenty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_836
|
when was the death penalty reinstated in oregon?
|
n/a
|
[
"1984"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "280055",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nthe gallows, \"\"Did not your missionaries teach us that Christ died to save his people? So we die to save our people.\"\" Capital punishment was made explicitly legal by statute in 1864, and executions have been carried out exclusively at the Oregon State Penitentiary in Salem since 1904. The death penalty was outlawed between 1914 and 1920, again between 1964 and 1978, and then again between a 1981 Oregon Supreme Court ruling and a 1984 ballot measure. Oregon voters amended the Constitution in 1914, to repeal the death penalty, by a margin of 50.04%. The repeal was an initiative of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "280056",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nGovernor Oswald West. However, the death penalty was restored in 1920 with 56% of voters favoring its use. From 1864 to 1931, executions were carried out by hanging. However, beginning with the execution of LeRoy Hershel McCarthy, on January 30, 1939, Oregon began using lethal gas in gas-chamber executions. The state executed seventeen men in this manner. The last of these gas-inhalation executions took place on 20 August 1962, with the execution of Leeroy Sanford McGahuey. In 1964 voters passed Measure 1, a constitutional amendment prohibiting capital punishment, with 60% of voters approving. Governor Mark Hatfield commuted the sentences of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "280057",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nthree death row inmates two days later. Voters reenacted the death penalty in the general election of 1978, by statute; Measure 8 required the death penalty in certain murder cases. Measure 8 was overturned by the Oregon Supreme Court in 1981, on the grounds that it denied defendants the right to be tried by a jury of their peers. In 1984, Measure 6 amended the state constitution to once more make the death penalty legal. Measure 7, a statutory measure passed in the same year, required a separate sentencing hearing before a jury in cases of aggravated murder. In 1988,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5417254",
"chunk_text": "\"Crime in Oregon\"\namended the Constitution in 1914 to repeal the death penalty, with 50.04% of the vote. The repeal was an initiative of Governor Oswald West. The death penalty was restored, again by constitutional amendment, in 1920. Initially, all executions were performed by hanging; lethal gas was adopted as the method after 1931. Voters outlawed the death penalty in the general election of 1964, with 60% of the vote. Governor Mark Hatfield commuted the sentences of three death row inmates two days later. Crime in Oregon This article refers to crime in the U.S. state of Oregon. Reported cases of crime in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "280059",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nthere are 30 inmates on death row. Two people have been executed in Oregon since the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1978. Both waived their appeals and asked that the execution be carried out. Capital punishment in Oregon Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oregon. In November 2011, Governor John Kitzhaber announced a moratorium on executions in Oregon, canceling a planned execution and ordering a review of the death penalty system in the state. Kitzhaber's successor, Governor Kate Brown, affirmed her commitment to the moratorium. Oregon is the only American state where someone can be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15185034",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon State Penitentiary\"\n(with two men and one woman, also slated for execution, held elsewhere for medical reasons). Death row includes notorious serial killers such as Dayton Leroy Rogers. OSP also contains the lethal injection chamber where prisoners are executed. Executions in Oregon were conducted in public by counties until 1902, when they were centralized (and made less spectacular) at the State Penitentiary. Since the US Supreme Court reaffirmed the death penalty in \"\"Gregg v. Georgia\"\" (1976), Oregon has executed only two people: Douglas Wright, in 1996, and Harry Charles Moore, in 1997. Governor John Kitzhaber announced an official moratorium on executions in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130908",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\ndeath penalty, the sentence is decided by the jury and must always be unanimous. In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence is issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial). The Governor of Oregon has sole authority over clemency, including capital cases. The method of execution is lethal injection. The men's death row is located, and executions are carried out, at the Oregon State Penitentiary in Salem. Women on death row are held at Coffee Creek Correctional Facility until shortly before their execution. Aggravated murder is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130907",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nCapital punishment in Oregon Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oregon. In November 2011, Governor John Kitzhaber announced a moratorium on executions in Oregon, canceling a planned execution and ordering a review of the death penalty system in the state. Kitzhaber's successor, Governor Kate Brown, affirmed her commitment to the moratorium. Oregon is the only American state where someone can be convicted of a capital crime without a unanimous verdict from the jury: 11 jurors are enough to find the defendant guilty, unless the prosecution requests a unanimous verdict. But if the prosecution seeks the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6568384",
"chunk_text": "\"Dayton Leroy Rogers\"\nwas sentenced to death three times, and three times the Oregon Supreme Court vacated the sentence of death and remanded the case for a new trial. The first two Supreme Court decisions came in 1992 and 2000. In both instances, a jury again imposed the death penalty. On October 11, 2012, the Oregon Supreme Court vacated his latest death sentence, and remanded the case for a new trial on the appropriate penalty. On November 16, 2015, a Clackamas county jury sentenced Rogers to death for the fourth time. According to his defense attorney, Rogers would have waived all future appeals",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9928231",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nonly crime punishable by death in Oregon. It is defined as murder involving any of the following circumstances: The first death sentence carried out under the territorial government, apart from the hanging of the 5 Cayuse in 1850, came on April 18, 1851, when William Kendall was hanged in Salem. Kendall's sentence was handed down by Judge William Strong of the Oregon Supreme Court. Since 1904, about 60 Five Cayuse Native American men were taken to Oregon City, tried and sentenced to hang. Before their execution on June 3, 1850, the leader, Tiloukaikt, accepted Catholic last rites. Tiloukaikt spoke on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "280058",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Oregon\"\nthe U.S. Supreme Court ruling in \"\"Penry v. Lynaugh\"\" affected the Oregon death penalty, because Oregon's law is based on the Texas law involved in the case. Seventeen Oregon cases were remanded for resentencing following \"\"Penry\"\"; eight convicts were re-sentenced to death. In 2000, the Benetton Group featured several inmates on Oregon's death row in a controversial anti-death penalty advertising campaign. Cesar Barone, Conan Wayne Hale, Jesse Caleb Compton, and Alberto Reyes Camarena were featured in the ad. Between 1904 and 1994, 115 people were sentenced to death in Oregon, and 58 of those were executed. As of October 2018",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5417253",
"chunk_text": "\"Crime in Oregon\"\nCrime in Oregon This article refers to crime in the U.S. state of Oregon. Reported cases of crime in the state of Oregon between 1960 and 2009: The Oregon Constitution originally had no provision for a death penalty. A statute was enacted in 1864 allowing for the death penalty in cases of first degree murder. Authority to conduct executions was initially granted to local sheriffs, but in 1903, the Oregon Legislative Assembly passed a law requiring all executions to be conducted at the Oregon State Penitentiary in Salem, the first state prison in Oregon which opened in 1866. Oregon voters",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18134479",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon Supreme Court\"\nThe U.S. Supreme Court then overturned the Oregon Supreme Court's decision in \"\"United States v. Oregon\"\", 366 U. S. 643 (1961). On the administrative end of the court, the Oregon Court of Appeals was created in 1969 as an intermediate appellate court in Oregon. With this change, the Supreme Court now generally does not hear appeals directly from the trial level courts of the state, with some exceptions such as death penalty cases. Other changes came in 1981 when the Oregon Legislature and justice Arno Denecke reformed the chief justice position from a simple head of the court in title",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16120495",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in the United States\"\nCourt affirmed a decision by the Franklin County Circuit Court suspending executions until the state adopts regulations for carrying out the penalty by lethal injection. In November 2011, Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber announced a moratorium on executions in Oregon, canceling a planned execution and ordering a review of the death penalty system in the state. On February 13, 2015, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf announced a moratorium on the death penalty. Wolf will issue a reprieve for every execution until a commission on capital punishment, which was established in 2011 by the Pennsylvania State Senate, produces a recommendation. Effectively there was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130684",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Washington (state)\"\nof Corrections lists eight men on death row. The first hangings occurred on January 5, 1849, when Cussas and Quallahworst, two Native Americans, were hanged for murder. Executions are rarely carried out in the state — the most executions in one year was five in 1939, and there was an average of less than one hanging per year between 1849 and 1963. The death penalty was abolished in 1914 and reinstated in 1919. The statute remained unchanged until 1975, when the people adopted a measure providing a mandatory death sentence for aggravated murder, with 69% of voters in favor. U.S.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12276262",
"chunk_text": "\"Murder of Roxanne Ellis and Michelle Abdill\"\nhis arrest, Acremant declared that he wished to be executed by lethal injection. By that time Oregon hasn't executed an inmate in over 30 years (see Capital punishment in Oregon). One month later he entered a not guilty plea and his lawyers filed motions to overturn Oregon's death penalty. On September 11, 1996, Acremant pleaded guilty to the murders of Ellis and Abdill. On October 27, 1997, an Oregon jury sentenced Acremant to death by lethal injection for the murders of Roxanne Ellis and Michelle Abdill. On March 15, 2005, Oregon's high court upheld Acremant's death sentence. In February 2011",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1248110",
"chunk_text": "\"1994 Oregon Ballot Measure 16\"\nwas lifted on October 27, 1997. Measure 51, referred in the wake of the US Supreme Court's 1997 ruling in \"\"Washington v. Glucksberg\"\" by the state legislature in November 1997, sought to repeal the Death with Dignity Act, but was rejected by 60% of voters. The act was challenged by the George W. Bush administration, but was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in \"\"Gonzales v. Oregon\"\" in 2006. Under the law, a competent adult Oregon resident who has been diagnosed, by a physician, with a terminal illness that will kill the patient within six months may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12964432",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in the United States\"\nand Alaska in 1957, both before their statehood. Puerto Rico repealed it in 1929 and the District of Columbia in 1981. Arizona and Oregon abolished the death penalty by popular vote in 1916 and 1964 respectively, but both reinstated it, again by popular vote, some years later; Arizona reinstated the death penalty in 1918 and Oregon in 1978. Puerto Rico and Michigan are the only two U.S. jurisdictions to have explicitly prohibited capital punishment in their constitutions: in 1952 and 1964, respectively. Nevertheless, capital punishment continued to be used by a majority of states and the federal government for various",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12233838",
"chunk_text": "\"John Kitzhaber\"\nand 47.77%. Kitzhaber was sworn into his third term as Governor of Oregon on January 10, 2011, succeeding fellow Democrat Ted Kulongoski. On November 22, 2011, Kitzhaber announced that he might commute an upcoming death sentence scheduled to occur in the month ahead. Kitzhaber went on to announce that he would allow no death penalties to occur in Oregon while he is governor, calling the issuing of death sentences \"\"compromised and inequitable\"\". The commuted inmate, Gary Haugen, made headlines when he refused to be pardoned, wanting to be executed. Senior Judge Timothy P. Alexander, assigned to Marion County Circuit Court,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10354440",
"chunk_text": "\"Douglas Wright (murderer)\"\nIndian reservation is a federal crime, under the Major Crimes Act. Shortly before his execution, Wright confessed to the abduction and murder of Portland, Oregon 10-year-old Luke Tredway, committed in 1984. Douglas Wright (murderer) Douglas Franklin Wright (March 25, 1940 – September 6, 1996) was the first criminal executed by lethal injection in Oregon. He was sentenced to death on October 11, 1993 for luring three homeless men to a remote area of Wasco County on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation with a false promise of work, and then killing them. Wright later admitted killing a fourth man, Anthony Nelson,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14512927",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon v. Guzek\"\nthe presiding judge, Judge Jack Billings so ordered. Clatsop County DA Josh Marquis returned for a third time to re-prosecute Guzek. In May 2010, after several further delays the case of State of Oregon vs. Randy Guzek went to trial again in Deschutes County, Oregon. On June 17, 2010, after about 5 hours of deliberation, the 8-woman, 4-man jury unanimously answered all the four questions required for a sentence of death to be rendered under Oregon's capital sentencing scheme \"\"yes,\"\" and Guzek was immediately sentenced to death again for the murders of Rod Houser and Lois Houser. The United States",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16226896",
"chunk_text": "Oregon\nsuch a system. Today, roughly half of U.S. states do so. In following years, the primary election to select party candidates was adopted in 1904, and in 1908 the Oregon Constitution was amended to include recall of public officials. More recent amendments include the nation's first doctor-assisted suicide law, called the Death with Dignity Act (which was challenged, unsuccessfully, in 2005 by the Bush administration in a case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court), legalization of medical cannabis, and among the nation's strongest anti-urban sprawl and pro-environment laws. More recently, 2004's Measure 37 reflects a backlash against such land-use laws.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8951128",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon v. Guzek\"\nOregon v. Guzek Oregon v. Guzek, 546 U.S. 517 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled that the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not grant criminal defendants facing the death penalty the right to introduce new evidence of their innocence during sentencing that was not introduced during trial. Accordingly, states could constitutionally exclude such evidence from the sentencing phase of a capital trial. Randy Lee Guzek was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. Chief Deputy DA Ron Brown prosecuted the case. On appeal, the Oregon Supreme Court affirmed his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1932521",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment by the United States federal government\"\nheld at Springfield MCFP, and one is held at USP Beaumont. Two people have been re-sentenced since 1976 to life in prison and one had the sentence commuted to life in prison by President Bill Clinton in 2001. In 2017, President Barack Obama commuted two death sentences, one handed down by a federal district court and one other issued by a court-martial. In the federal system, the final decision to seek the death penalty rests with the United States Attorney General. This differs from states, where local prosecutors have the final say with no involvement from the state attorney general.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9928076",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in California\"\nchoice, made no selection, so was executed by the lethal gas default in August 1993. Following a legal challenge and Ninth Circuit appeal court decision in 1996, lethal gas was suspended, with lethal injection becoming the only method. Serial killer William Bonin was the first person to be executed under these new laws, on February 23, 1996. Thirteen people have been executed in California since the death penalty was reinstated in 1977, though 119 other people have died on death row from other causes (25 of them from suicide) as of December 4, 2018. During the term of Arnold Schwarzenegger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12233834",
"chunk_text": "\"John Kitzhaber\"\nthe death penalty, Kitzhaber allowed two executions to be carried out in his first term: Douglas Franklin Wright in 1996 and Harry Charles Moore in 1997. In a statement in 2011, Kitzhaber said \"\"They were the most agonizing and difficult decisions I have made as Governor... I have regretted those choices ever since.\"\" Republican anti-tax activist Bill Sizemore challenged Kitzhaber in 1998. Sizemore had founded Oregon Taxpayers United, a political action committee that lobbied against tax increases and promoted ballot measures limiting the use of union dues in political campaigns, in 1993. During the general election, \"\"The Oregonian\"\" newspaper reported",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4826097",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon State Penitentiary\"\nOregon State Penitentiary Oregon State Penitentiary (OSP), sometimes called Oregon State Prison, is a maximum security prison in Oregon, United States. Opened in 1851, the 2,242 capacity prison is the oldest prison in the state. The all-male facility is located in Salem and is operated by the Oregon Department of Corrections. OSP contains Oregon's death row, which houses most of the 37 people awaiting execution in Oregon. It also contains an intensive management wing, which is being transformed into a psychiatric facility for mentally ill prisoners throughout Oregon. Prior to the construction of prisons in Oregon, many people convicted of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16640252",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Kansas\"\nGeorgia\"\" permitted states to reinstate the death penalty, the Kansas legislature made numerous attempts to do so, but Governor John W. Carlin vetoed such legislation in 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1985. The death penalty was eventually reinstated on April 23, 1994. Of states that still allow the death penalty, Kansas was the last to reinstate the death penalty in the modern era. The law became effective on July 1, after then-Governor Joan Finney, despite her proclaimed opposition to capital punishment, decided to allow the bill to become law without her signature. The first degree murder with the aggravating factors is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130673",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Utah\"\nexecution in Utah took place on March 30, 1960.In 1967, when the moratorium went into effect, Utah was the only remaining state to allow death row inmates to choose between firing squad and hanging. Utah attempted to reintroduce death penalty statutes during the moratorium but they were struck down by the 1972 United States Supreme Court decision in the case \"\"Furman v. Georgia\"\". The state formally reinstated capital punishment on January 7, 1973, and the new death penalty statutes were approved by the United States Supreme Court with the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976. The reinstatement allowed Utah to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9712885",
"chunk_text": "\"Gonzales v. Oregon\"\nthe DWDA.\"\" Opponents of the measure sued, and on December 27, 1994, U.S. District Judge Michael Robert Hogan issued a preliminary injunction forbidding the state from enforcing the statute, then, on August 3, 1995, declared the law unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. However, after the Supreme Court of the United States rejected that reasoning in \"\"Washington v. Glucksberg\"\" (1997), the measure was allowed to take effect. A 1997 referral to voters by the Oregon Legislative Assembly aimed to repeal the Death with Dignity Act but was defeated by a 60% margin. Members of Congress next sought to have the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14499944",
"chunk_text": "\"Douglas Wright (murderer)\"\nDouglas Wright (murderer) Douglas Franklin Wright (March 25, 1940 – September 6, 1996) was the first criminal executed by lethal injection in Oregon. He was sentenced to death on October 11, 1993 for luring three homeless men to a remote area of Wasco County on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation with a false promise of work, and then killing them. Wright later admitted killing a fourth man, Anthony Nelson, a Makah Indian. If Wright had not quit his appeal process, he would have been tried before a federal court in the Nelson case, because killing a Native American on an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130685",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Washington (state)\"\nSupreme Court rulings in \"\"Woodson v. North Carolina\"\", and \"\"Roberts v. Louisiana\"\", , , meant that such a law was unconstitutional and the statute was modified to give detailed procedures for imposing the death penalty. This new law was itself found unconstitutional by the Washington Supreme Court, as a person who had pleaded not guilty could be sentenced to death, while someone who pleaded guilty would receive a maximum sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole. The current law was passed in 1981 to correct these constitutional defects. On February 11, 2014, Governor Jay Inslee announced a capital punishment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6955898",
"chunk_text": "Oregon\ntripling in size; the arrival of World War II also provided the northwest region of the state with an industrial boom, where Liberty ships and aircraft carriers were constructed. During the 1970s, the Pacific Northwest was particularly affected by the 1973 oil crisis, with Oregon suffering a substantial shortage. In 1994, Oregon became the first U.S. state to legalize physician-assisted suicide through the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. A measure to legalize recreational use of marijuana in Oregon was approved on November 4, 2014, making Oregon only the second state at the time to have legalized gay marriage, physician-assisted suicide,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10745109",
"chunk_text": "\"Joshua Marquis\"\nJoshua Marquis Joshua K. Marquis (born 1952) is an attorney and politician from Astoria, Oregon in the United States. He has served as District Attorney for Clatsop County since 1994. He frequently writes and speaks about capital punishment, and is known for his belief that the death penalty is justified in some cases. He is often quoted as a spokesperson on behalf of the National District Attorneys Association. Marquis earned a law degree from the University of Oregon. He later served as Deputy District Attorney for Lincoln and Lane counties, and then as Chief Deputy District Attorney for Deschutes and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130674",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Utah\"\nmove forward with the death sentences of Dale Selby Pierre and William Andrews for crimes committed in 1974 prior to the reinstatement of capital punishment. They were later executed in 1987 and 1992, respectively. On January 17, 1977, Utah became the first state to execute a prisoner after the moratorium ended: Gary Gilmore was executed by a firing squad, having selected that method over hanging. Lethal injection was introduced in 1980 and in February of that year, the Utah State Legislature replaced the option of hanging with the option of lethal injection. The first bill proposing to eliminate the firing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16904191",
"chunk_text": "\"Death row phenomenon\"\nto be 113 per 100,000 for the period 1976–1999. This is about ten times the rate of suicide in the United States as a whole and about six times the rate of suicide in the general U.S. prison population. Since the re-institution of the death penalty in 1976 to January 1, 2017, 145 prisoners have waived their appeals and asked that the execution be carried out. In the post-\"\"Furman\"\" era, four states (Connecticut, New Mexico, Oregon, and Pennsylvania) have executed only volunteers. The theory of the death row phenomenon may be traced to 1989, when the European Court of Human",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14512929",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon v. Guzek\"\nthis was permissible under Oregon law. Oregon v. Guzek Oregon v. Guzek, 546 U.S. 517 (2006), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled that the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not grant criminal defendants facing the death penalty the right to introduce new evidence of their innocence during sentencing that was not introduced during trial. Accordingly, states could constitutionally exclude such evidence from the sentencing phase of a capital trial. Randy Lee Guzek was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. Chief Deputy DA Ron Brown prosecuted the case. On appeal,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130686",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Washington (state)\"\nmoratorium. All death penalty cases that come to Inslee will result in him issuing a reprieve, not a pardon or commutation. On January 16, 2017, Governor Inslee and Attorney General Bob Ferguson introduced legislation to abolish the death penalty in Washington state. Though the legislation failed to pass, Governor Inslee stated a commitment to ending capital punishment in the future. On October 11, 2018, the Washington State Supreme Court ruled the current death penalty statute unconstitutional, on the ground that it resulted in racial bias, thus abolishing capital punishment in the state. It became the 20th state in the nation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6823901",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in the United States\"\ndeath penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole. The same day, in \"\"Woodson v. North Carolina\"\" and \"\"Roberts v. Louisiana\"\", the court struck down 5-4 statutes providing a mandatory death sentence. Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah. Although hundreds of individuals were sentenced to death in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14466601",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Francke\"\nMichael Francke James Michael Francke (; October 2, 1946 – January 17, 1989) was the Director of the Oregon Department of Corrections, the governmental bureau which manages prisons, inmates and parolees in the state of Oregon. He was appointed by then-governor Neil Goldschmidt to oversee Goldschmidt's plan to double the state's inmate capacity. On January 18, 1989, his body was discovered outside the department's office building in Salem; an autopsy determined he had been murdered the night before. A local petty criminal was eventually tried and convicted for the crime, and sentenced to life in prison without parole. However, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130680",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Washington (state)\"\nCapital punishment in Washington (state) Capital punishment in the state of Washington was abolished on October 11, 2018 when the state Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional as applied. When the prosecution sought the death penalty, the sentence was decided by the jury and had to be unanimous. In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence would be issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial). The governor had the power of clemency with respect to death sentences. The following are considered circumstances for aggravated first degree murder:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10510832",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon Department of Corrections\"\n14 facilities across the state, with the Oregon State Penitentiary the only Maximum Security facility. As of August 30, 2018 there are 14,879 inmates in Oregon's 14 Correctional Institutions. The racial distribution is 73.10% white (10,877); 12.80% Hispanic (1,904); 9.27% Black (1,380); American Indian 3.14% (467) and .14% Pacific Islander (21). Male death row inmates are held at Oregon State Penitentiary. Women on death row are held at Coffee Creek Correctional Facility until shortly before their execution. The execution chamber is at Oregon State Penitentiary. The state of Oregon does not use private prisons, and as of 2001 outlawed its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16130681",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Washington (state)\"\nDeath Row for males was located at Washington State Penitentiary at Walla Walla, which was also the site of executions. Females were housed at Washington Corrections Center for Women at Purdy near Gig Harbor while awaiting execution. Since the death penalty was reinstated in the late 1970s, inmates have been able to choose if their execution will be carried out by lethal injection or hanging. If the inmate makes no decision, lethal injection is the default method. Washington was the last state with an active gallows (Delaware dismantled theirs in 2003). According to the Revised Code of Washington § 10.95.180,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12630378",
"chunk_text": "\"Oregon State Penitentiary\"\nJanuary 27, 1957 episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, \"\"The Manacled.\"\" \"\"List of inmates (with dates of incarceration) at Oregon State Penitentiary\"\": Oregon State Penitentiary Oregon State Penitentiary (OSP), sometimes called Oregon State Prison, is a maximum security prison in Oregon, United States. Opened in 1851, the 2,242 capacity prison is the oldest prison in the state. The all-male facility is located in Salem and is operated by the Oregon Department of Corrections. OSP contains Oregon's death row, which houses most of the 37 people awaiting execution in Oregon. It also contains an intensive management wing, which is being transformed into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12964431",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in the United States\"\nabolished the death penalty for murder during the 19th century: Michigan (which has never executed a prisoner since achieving statehood) in 1846, Wisconsin in 1853 and Maine in 1887. Rhode Island is also a state with a long abolitionist background, having repealed the death penalty in 1852, though it was theoretically available for murder committed by a prisoner between 1872 and 1984. Other states which abolished the death penalty for murder before \"\"Gregg v. Georgia\"\" include: Minnesota in 1911, Vermont in 1964, Iowa and West Virginia in 1965 and North Dakota in 1973. Hawaii abolished the death penalty in 1948",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8281657",
"chunk_text": "\"Marion Eugene Carl\"\ncar. Carl was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. His murderer, 19-year-old Jesse Fanus, was apprehended one week later. In April 1999, he was convicted on two counts of aggravated murder (and 11 additional felony charge) and sentenced to death. In 2003, his conviction and death sentence were upheld by the Oregon Supreme Court. In December 2011, the sentence was overturned based on the prisoner's inadequate legal representation; a new sentencing session was expected in 2015. Fanus was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole on May 7, 2015. Carl's widow Edna passed away",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9928126",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Washington (state)\"\nnegatively impact his support among voters, as evidenced by the fact that he won the 2016 gubernatorial race (54.4%) by a larger margin than the 2012 race (51.5%). the Capital punishment in Washington (state) Capital punishment in the state of Washington was abolished on October 11, 2018 when the state Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional as applied. When the prosecution sought the death penalty, the sentence was decided by the jury and had to be unanimous. In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence would be issued, even if a single",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9712884",
"chunk_text": "\"Gonzales v. Oregon\"\nthe Oregon Death with Dignity Act, with 51.3% of voters supporting it and 48.7% opposing it. The Act legalized medical aid in dying in the state of Oregon. The law permits physicians to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to a competent adult, agreed by two doctors to be within six months of dying from an incurable condition. As of February 29, 2012, the Oregon Public Health Division reported that since \"\"the law was passed in 1997, a total of 935 people have had DWDA prescriptions written and 596 patients (64% of prescriptions) have died from ingesting medications prescribed under",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8447134",
"chunk_text": "\"Gonzales v. Oregon\"\nGonzales v. Oregon Gonzales v. Oregon, 546 U.S. 243 (2006), was a U.S. Supreme Court case in which ruled the Court held that the United States Attorney General cannot enforce the federal Controlled Substances Act against physicians who prescribed drugs, in compliance with Oregon state law, to terminally ill patients seeking to end their lives, often referred to as medical aid in dying. It was the first major case heard by the Roberts Court under the new Chief Justice of the United States. In November 1994, voters in the state of Oregon approved Measure 16, a ballot initiative that established",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12964447",
"chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in the United States\"\nIllinois and Maryland, governors commuted all death sentences after enacting the new law. In Connecticut, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 that the repeal must be retroactive. New Mexico is the only state with remaining death row inmates and no present death penalty statute. Nebraska's legislature also passed a repeal in 2015, but a referendum campaign gathered enough signatures to suspend it. Capital punishment was reinstated by popular vote on November 8, 2016. The same day, California's electorate defeated a proposal to repeal the death penalty, and adopted another initiative to speed up its appeal process. On October 11,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_837
|
what was icq as related to instant messaging?
|
n/a
|
[
"an instant messaging client"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832746",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nthe first stand-alone instant messenger and the first online instant messenger service — while real-time chat was not in itself new to the internet (IRC being the most common platform at the time), the concept of a fully centralized service with individual user accounts focused on one-on-one conversations set the blueprint for later instant messaging services like AIM, and its influence is seen in modern social media applications. Whilst Internet Relay Chat programs, like Pirch and mIRC, dominated the market for many years, their popularity began to fall in the face of mobile computing which had begun to take hold",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832745",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nICQ ICQ is an instant messaging client that was first developed and popularized by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996. The name ICQ derives from the English phrase \"\"I Seek You\"\". Ownership of ICQ passed from Mirabilis to AOL in 1998, and from AOL to Mail.Ru Group in 2010. The ICQ client application and service were initially released in November 1996 and the client was freely available to download. Users could register an account and would be assigned a number, like a phone number, for others to be able to contact them (users could also provide handles). ICQ was among",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1354121",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nper-minute fee on top of the monthly Q-Link access costs. Modern, Internet-wide, GUI-based messaging clients as they are known today, began to take off in the mid-1990s with PowWow, ICQ, and AOL Instant Messenger. Similar functionality was offered by CU-SeeMe in 1992; though primarily an audio/video chat link, users could also send textual messages to each other. AOL later acquired Mirabilis, the authors of ICQ; a few years later ICQ (then owned by AOL) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office. Meanwhile, other companies developed their own software; (Excite, MSN, Ubique, and Yahoo!), each with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832755",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nnetwork protocol used by ICQ is proprietary and using a third party client is a violation of ICQ Terms of Service, nevertheless a number of third-party clients have been created by using reverse-engineering and protocol descriptions. These clients include: AOL supported clients include: ICQ ICQ is an instant messaging client that was first developed and popularized by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996. The name ICQ derives from the English phrase \"\"I Seek You\"\". Ownership of ICQ passed from Mirabilis to AOL in 1998, and from AOL to Mail.Ru Group in 2010. The ICQ client application and service were initially",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3039376",
"chunk_text": "Centericq\nCentericq Centericq is a text mode menu- and window-driven instant messaging interface that supports the ICQ, Yahoo!, AIM, MSN, IRC, XMPP, LiveJournal, and Gadu-Gadu protocols. It allows you to send, receive, and forward messages, URLs, SMSes (both through the ICQ server and email gateways supported by Mirabilis), contacts, and email express messages, and it has many other useful features. Known to work in Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, Windows and macOS/Darwin Operating Systems. Its heyday was in the first half-decade of the 2000s, with reviews appearing in Softpedia, Czech online magazines \"\"ABC Linux\"\" and \"\"Linux.cz\"\". It was recommended in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832752",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nTechnologies, headed by Alisher Usmanov, for $187.5 million. While ICQ was displaced by AOL Instant Messenger, Google Talk, and other competitors in the U.S. and many other countries over the 2000s, it remained the most popular instant messaging network in Russian-speaking countries, and an important part of online culture. Popular UINs demanded over 11,000 rubles in 2010. In September of that year, Digital Sky Technologies changed its name to Mail.Ru Group. Since the acquisition, Mail.ru has invested in turning ICQ from a desktop client to a mobile messaging system. As of 2013, around half of ICQ’s users were using its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5958916",
"chunk_text": "\"WebChat Broadcasting System\"\nAndy Grove and feminist Gloria Steinem. Web-based chatting in general became less popular as instant messaging systems were developed in the late 1990s. ICQ was first released in November 1996. AOL Instant Messenger was released in May 1997. Yahoo! Pager (later renamed Yahoo! Messenger) launched on March 9, 1998. AOL acquired ICQ's parent company Mirabilis on June 8, 1998. Infoseek bought out WBS for approximately $6.7 million, or about 350,000 shares of Infoseek stock in April 1998. At the time WBS had 2.7 million users. WBS daily page views were down to 5 million in April, 1998. When Infoseek acquired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20197027",
"chunk_text": "\"Mirabilis (company)\"\nMirabilis (company) Mirabilis is an Israeli company that developed the ICQ instant messaging program, a pioneer of online chatting that revolutionized communication over the Internet. Mirabilis was founded in June 1996 by Arik Vardi, Yair Goldfinger, Sefi Vigiser and Amnon Amir. Goldfinger, Visiger, Vardi and Amir met while working for a Tel Aviv software company, Zapa Digital Arts, that specialized in three-dimensional graphic tools for the Internet. In 1996, they left Zapa and began to toy with ideas for new Internet innovations. They created ICQ in less than two months, but had no funding. Yossi Vardi, the father of Arik",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8754899",
"chunk_text": "\"Communication software\"\nthe Internet Relay Chat followed. CU-SeeMe was the first chat system to be equipped with a video camera. Instant messaging featuring a \"\"buddy list\"\" and the notion of online presence was introduced by ICQ in 1996. In the days of the Internet boom, web chats were very popular, too. Chatting is a real-time conversation or message exchange that takes place in public or in private groupings called \"\"chat rooms\"\". Some chatrooms have moderators who will trace and block offensive comments and other kinds of abuse. Based on visual representation chats are divided into text based chat room just as were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832747",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nwith PalmPilot and the fledgling Microsoft Windows Compact Edition. At its peak around 2001, ICQ had more than 100 million accounts registered. At the time of the Mail.Ru acquisition in 2010, there were around 42 million daily users. Since 2013, ICQ has 11 million monthly users. ICQ provides all users additional services and content products: Also, users can choose and select their own avatars for their profile pages. In this way, they can protect their privacy. ICQ users are identified and distinguished from one another by UIN, or User Identification Numbers, distributed in sequential order. The UIN was invented by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832750",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\ncompany of ICQ, Mirabilis, was established in June 1996 by five Israelis: Yair Goldfinger, Sefi Vigiser, Amnon Amir, Arik Vardi, and Arik's father Yossi Vardi. They recognized that many people were accessing the internet through non-UNIX operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, and those users were unfamiliar with established chat technologies, e.g. IRC. The technology Mirabilis developed for ICQ was distributed free of charge. The technology's success encouraged AOL to acquire Mirabilis on June 8, 1998, for $287 million up front and $120 million in additional payments over three years based on performance levels. At the time this was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "843028",
"chunk_text": "\"Web chat\"\naround for decades, almost as long as email. The first major web chat client that was used worldwide was ICQ. ICQ is a slang version of “I seek you”. ICQ was originally released in November 1996, and was freely available to anyone with a computer and Internet connection. By 2001, ICQ had over 100 million users registered out of the 361 million Internet users there were worldwide. As the Internet grew, other web chat clients became to arise, became more popular and eventually took over ICQ. These were messenger clients such as MSN messenger and AOL messenger (AOL who acquired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7031848",
"chunk_text": "\"OSCAR protocol\"\nOSCAR protocol OSCAR (\"\"Open System for CommunicAtion in Realtime\"\") is AOL's flagship instant messaging and presence information protocol. It was used by AOL's AIM instant messaging system and ICQ. Despite its name, the specifications for the protocol remain proprietary. AOL has gone to great lengths to keep competitors (namely Microsoft, XMPP, and Cerulean Studios) from implementing compatible clients for their proprietary messaging systems. In 2002, AOL signed a contract with Apple, Inc., allowing them to use OSCAR (as well as AOL's own code libraries) in their iChat application. This allowed iChat users to interact with ICQ and AIM users directly.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18861715",
"chunk_text": "\"Miranda IM\"\nGoogle Talk), and Yahoo! Messenger. Other protocols available via plugins include Bonjour Fetion, Facebook Messenger, Inter-Asterisk eXchange, Lotus Sametime, NetSend, MySpace, Tencent QQ, SIP, Skype (requires Skype), Tlen.pl, Xfire. Miranda IM was first started by Roland Rabien (figbug) on 2 February 2000. At that time, it was a minimalist ICQ clone and officially called Miranda ICQ. The first public release, version 0.0.1, was released on 6 February 2000. This release used LibICQ, had no support for message history, database, and plugins, and had a distribution size of less than 100 KB. A major new feature of version 0.0.4 was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5920771",
"chunk_text": "StICQ\nStICQ stICQ is an ICQ client for mobile phones with symbian OS. StICQ has been written by Russian programmer Sergey Taldykin. StICQ is a native Symbian application (.SIS) for instant messaging over Internet for the ICQ network (using the OSCAR protocol). It supports all main statuses including \"\"Not Available\"\", \"\"Invisible\"\" etc., contact search using ICQ UID, black lists, multi-user support, sound announcements and even SMS sending using default ICQ server. It is featured by small size, low memory usage and relatively stable work. One of the key features of the client is its ability to suspend outcoming data until GPRS",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3039380",
"chunk_text": "Centericq\n4 support Unicode, but support for UTF-8 is planned for CenterIM 5. Centericq Centericq is a text mode menu- and window-driven instant messaging interface that supports the ICQ, Yahoo!, AIM, MSN, IRC, XMPP, LiveJournal, and Gadu-Gadu protocols. It allows you to send, receive, and forward messages, URLs, SMSes (both through the ICQ server and email gateways supported by Mirabilis), contacts, and email express messages, and it has many other useful features. Known to work in Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, Windows and macOS/Darwin Operating Systems. Its heyday was in the first half-decade of the 2000s, with reviews appearing in Softpedia,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18704488",
"chunk_text": "\"Tencent QQ\"\nin China in February 1999 under the name of OICQ (\"\"Open ICQ\"\", a reference to the early IM service ICQ). After the threat of a trademark infringement lawsuit by the AOL-owned ICQ, the product's name was changed to QQ (with \"\"Q\"\" and \"\"QQ\"\" used to imply \"\"cute\"\"). The software inherited existing functions from ICQ, and additional features such as software skins, people's images, and emoticons. QQ was first released as a \"\"network paging\"\" real-time communications service. Other features were later added, such as chatrooms, games, personal avatars (similar to \"\"Meego\"\" in MSN), online storage, and Internet dating services. The official",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6552867",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nmessaging: IETF's Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Application Exchange (APEX), Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IMPP), the open XML-based Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), and Open Mobile Alliance's Instant Messaging and Presence Service developed specifically for mobile devices. Most attempts at producing a unified standard for the major IM providers (AOL, Yahoo! and Microsoft) have failed, and each continues to use its own proprietary protocol. However, while discussions at IETF were stalled, Reuters signed the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement in September 2003. This agreement enabled AIM, ICQ and MSN",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15913442",
"chunk_text": "\"Ma Huateng\"\nICQ, the world’s first Internet instant messaging service, founded in 1996 by an Israeli company. Inspired by the idea, Ma and his team launched in February 1999 a similar software, with a Chinese interface and a slightly different name – OICQ (or, Open ICQ). The product quickly became popular and garnered more than a million registered users by the end of 1999, making it one of the largest such services in China. Talking about the founding of Tencent, he told \"\"China Daily\"\" in a 2009 interview that “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1355324",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nare quite vulnerable for providing user privacy. More than 100 million users Other platforms Instant messaging Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages are typically transmitted between two parties, when each user chooses to complete a thought and select \"\"send\"\". Some IM applications can use push technology to provide real-time text, which transmits messages character by character, as they are composed. More advanced instant messaging can add file transfer, clickable hyperlinks, Voice over IP,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14426880",
"chunk_text": "Jimm\nJimm Jimm is an alternative open-source instant messaging client for ICQ network. It is written in Java ME and should work in most of mobile devices that follow MIDP specification. Jimm is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Creator of Jimm is Manuel Linsmayer. In 2003 he released a client Mobicq. The client allows to view a list of contacts and exchange messages on a protocol OSCAR (ICQ v8). In 2004 AOL banned the use of the name \"\"Mobicq\"\" because it contains a part belonging to company trademark \"\"ICQ\"\". At that time, client was able to",
"is_relevant": null,
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{
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"chunk_id": "18861716",
"chunk_text": "\"Miranda IM\"\nMegaHAL chat bot, which enabled automatic chatting between Miranda and other ICQ users. Plugin support was added with version 0.0.6. \"\"Logger Plugin\"\" was the first plugin bundled with the official release. After the release of version 0.0.6.1 on 26 December 2000, the original developers left, and Richard \"\"cyreve\"\" Hughes took over the project. His first release, version 0.1.0.0 on 8 April 2001 was improved through a major rewrite. The split message dialog bundled with this release became the first messaging module to be put into a plugin. The .Net Messenger Service protocol plugin appeared around the time of version 0.1.1.0",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1354119",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\ncommand line program, which was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s. Some BBS chat programs (i.e. Celerity BBS) also used a similar interface. Modern implementations of real-time text also exist in instant messengers, such as AOL's Real-Time IM as an optional feature. In the latter half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s, the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between concurrently connected customers, which they called \"\"On-Line Messages\"\" (or OLM for short), and later \"\"FlashMail.\"\" (Quantum Link later became America Online and made AOL Instant Messenger (AIM, discussed later). While the Quantum",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1782657",
"chunk_text": "\"Presence and Instant Messaging\"\nPresence and Instant Messaging Presence and Instant Messaging (PRIM) was an early proposal to the IETF of a standard protocol for instant messaging. The abstract model was first published as an IETF Request for Comments, <nowiki>RFC 2778</nowiki> \"\"A Model for Presence and Instant Messaging\"\" in February 2000, which was authored by Mark Day of SightPath (formerly of Lotus Software where helped develop IBM Lotus Sametime, now Chief Scientist at Riverbed Technology), Jonathan Rosenberg of dynamicsoft (now the Chief Technology Strategist for Skype) and Hiroyasu Sugano of Fujitsu Laboratories LtdLtd. No work has been done on it since 2001. Currently, SIP",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17367332",
"chunk_text": "\"SMS gateway\"\norder to provide its services. However, there is the increasing potential for delivery problems with SMS the greater the number of SMS gateways in the delivery chain. AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) version 5.2 and above had support for sending SMS messages for free. AIM was shut down on December 15, 2017. ICQ also has support for sending SMS messages at no cost. Microsoft Outlook 2007 has native support for sending SMS messages worldwide via the Outlook Mobile Service. There are also plug-ins for Microsoft Outlook that add this functionality. This uses the SMS gateways of aggregators or of mobile operators.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "7031851",
"chunk_text": "\"OSCAR protocol\"\nnumber in sequence. Within almost every packet sent over channel 2, packets contain a SNAC (Simple Network Atomic Communication). There is always either one or zero of these contained in a packet, and therefore they do not contain (nor do they need to) a length. OSCAR protocol OSCAR (\"\"Open System for CommunicAtion in Realtime\"\") is AOL's flagship instant messaging and presence information protocol. It was used by AOL's AIM instant messaging system and ICQ. Despite its name, the specifications for the protocol remain proprietary. AOL has gone to great lengths to keep competitors (namely Microsoft, XMPP, and Cerulean Studios) from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1354122",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nits own proprietary protocol and client; users therefore had to run multiple client applications if they wished to use more than one of these networks. In 1998, IBM released IBM Lotus Sametime, a product based on technology acquired when IBM bought Haifa-based Ubique and Lexington-based Databeam. In 2000, an open-source application and open standards-based protocol called Jabber was launched. The protocol was standardized under the name Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). XMPP servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols, reducing the need to run multiple clients. Multi-protocol clients can use any of the popular IM protocols by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7670661",
"chunk_text": "\"Presence and Instant Messaging\"\nand its derivative SIMPLE (both of which Jonathan Rosenberg also co-authored or invented), and XMPP are being considered for use as instant messaging protocols. Presence and Instant Messaging Presence and Instant Messaging (PRIM) was an early proposal to the IETF of a standard protocol for instant messaging. The abstract model was first published as an IETF Request for Comments, <nowiki>RFC 2778</nowiki> \"\"A Model for Presence and Instant Messaging\"\" in February 2000, which was authored by Mark Day of SightPath (formerly of Lotus Software where helped develop IBM Lotus Sametime, now Chief Scientist at Riverbed Technology), Jonathan Rosenberg of dynamicsoft (now",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9468026",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nInstant messaging Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages are typically transmitted between two parties, when each user chooses to complete a thought and select \"\"send\"\". Some IM applications can use push technology to provide real-time text, which transmits messages character by character, as they are composed. More advanced instant messaging can add file transfer, clickable hyperlinks, Voice over IP, or video chat. Non-IM types of chat include multicast transmission, usually referred to as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15832748",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nMirabilis, as the user name assigned to each user upon registration. Issued UINs started at '10,000' (5 digits) and every user receives a UIN when first registering with ICQ. As of ICQ6 users are also able to log in using the specific e-mail address they associated with their UIN during the initial registration process. Unlike other instant messaging software or web applications, on ICQ the only permanent user info is the UIN, although it is possible to search for other users using their associated e-mail address or any other detail they have made public by updating it in their account's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18353258",
"chunk_text": "\"SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)\"\nSIMPLE (instant messaging protocol) SIMPLE, the Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions, is an instant messaging (IM) and presence protocol suite based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Contrary to the vast majority of IM and presence protocols used by software deployed today, SIMPLE is an open standard like XMPP. SIMPLE applies SIP to the problems of: Implementations of the SIMPLE based protocols can be found in SIP Softphones and also in SIP Hardphones. The SIMPLE presence specifications can be broken up into: SIP defines two modes of instant messaging:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18353257",
"chunk_text": "\"SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)\"\nSIMPLE (instant messaging protocol) SIMPLE, the Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions, is an instant messaging (IM) and presence protocol suite based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Contrary to the vast majority of IM and presence protocols used by software deployed today, SIMPLE is an open standard like XMPP. SIMPLE applies SIP to the problems of: Implementations of the SIMPLE based protocols can be found in SIP Softphones and also in SIP Hardphones. The SIMPLE presence specifications can be broken up into: SIP defines two modes of instant messaging:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7087154",
"chunk_text": "Climm\nClimm climm (previously mICQ) is a free CLI-based instant messaging client that runs on a wide variety of platforms, including AmigaOS, BeOS, Windows (using either Cygwin or MinGW), OS X, NetBSD/OpenBSD/FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, and AIX. climm has many of the features the official ICQ client has, and more: climm also supports basic functionality of the XMPP protocol. \"\"Climm\"\" was originally developed as \"\"mICQ\"\" by Matt D. Smith as public domain software. Starting with mICQ 0.4.8 it was licensed under the GPLv2, not much of the original PD code remained since then. All later additions were made by Rüdiger Kuhlmann,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18861720",
"chunk_text": "\"Miranda IM\"\nnew site at www.miranda-im.org, featuring a new discussion board and file listing. Protocol plugins bundled in version 0.3 included \"\"ICQ\"\", \"\"MSN\"\", \"\"AIM\"\", and \"\"XMPP\"\". The \"\"Yahoo!\"\" protocol was not included in the package. IRC support was added later by Jörgen Persson (m8rix) to the official release of version 0.3.1, on August 8, 2003. Another major change was the removal of the \"\"Send-Receive Messaging Module\"\" from the core into a plugin, \"\"SRMM\"\". This reduced the size of the executable file and encouraged rapid development of messaging modules. During this period many variations (including \"\"SRAMM\"\", \"\"SRMM_mod\"\", etc.) offered different new features and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1355319",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nusually propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user's contact list. An effective attack using a poisoned URL may reach tens of thousands of users in a short period when each user's contact list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend. The recipients click on the web address, and the entire cycle starts again. Infections may range from nuisance to criminal, and are becoming more sophisticated each year. IM connections sometimes occur in plain text, making them vulnerable to eavesdropping. Also, IM client software often requires the user to expose open UDP ports to the world, raising",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5898071",
"chunk_text": "\"Comparison of instant messaging clients\"\nComparison of instant messaging clients Instant messaging was created in July 1996 by Yair Goldfinger, Arik Vardi, Sefi Vigiser, and Amnon Amir, when they started a company called Mirabilis in order to introduce a new way of communication over the Internet. The current landscape for instant messaging involves cross-platform instant messaging clients that can handle one or multiple protocols so that internet users can communicate with multiple users at the same time. The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of instant messaging clients. See the individual products' articles for further information. External links may lead to",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "7063168",
"chunk_text": "\"Odigo Messenger\"\nOdigo Messenger Odigo Messenger was an early social networking service based on instant messaging. Odigo believed in connecting and forming friendships: members would \"\"meet\"\" if two or more visited the same web site simultaneously. Odigo Messenger allowed members to connect to other IM networks, such as ICQ, MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger and AOL Instant Messenger. Odigo was purchased for an estimated $20 million by the Israeli company Comverse Technology in 2002. Comverse leveraged Odigo server software for instant messaging solutions in cell phones. However, since Comverse had no real interest in maintaining a generic IM service, it eventually shut down",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Network effect\"\ninterfaces are often developed through the participation of multiple companies and are usually perceived to provide mutual benefit. But, in cases in which the relevant communication protocols or interfaces are closed standards the network effect can give the company controlling those standards monopoly power. The Microsoft corporation is widely seen by computer professionals as maintaining its monopoly through these means. One observed method Microsoft uses to put the network effect to its advantage is called Embrace, extend and extinguish. Mirabilis is an Israeli start-up which pioneered instant messaging (IM) and was bought by America Online. By giving away their ICQ",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Internet Messaging Program\"\nfor mobile clients was provided within 2006 for the first time. At that time a WAP based mobile view was provided by a separate package called MIMP. With the release of Horde 4.0 the three existing views were collapsed into the original IMP package again. In addition another mobile view for smartphones was added based on the jQuery Mobile javascript framework. Internet Messaging Program The Internet Messaging Program or IMP is a webmail client. It can be used to access e-mail stored on an IMAP server. IMP is written in PHP and a component of the collaborative software suite Horde.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1354123",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nusing additional local libraries for each protocol. IBM Lotus Sametime's November 2007 release added IBM Lotus Sametime Gateway support for XMPP. As of 2010, social networking providers often offer IM abilities. Facebook Chat is a form of instant messaging, and Twitter can be thought of as a Web 2.0 instant messaging system. Similar server-side chat features are part of most dating websites, such as OKCupid or PlentyofFish. The spread of smartphones and similar devices in the late 2000s also caused increased competition with conventional instant messaging, by making text messaging services still more ubiquitous. Many instant messaging services offer video",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"IBM Sametime\"\nGateway provides server-to-server interoperability between disparate communities with conversion services for different protocols, presence information awareness, and instant messaging. IBM Sametime Gateway connects IBM Sametime instant messaging cooperate communities with external communities, including external IBM Sametime, and public instant messaging communities, such as: AOL, AIM, ICQ, Yahoo, Google Talk, and XMPP. IBM Sametime Gateway replaces the Sametime Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Gateway from earlier releases of IBM Sametime. The IBM Sametime Gateway platform is based on IBM WebSphere Application Server, which provides failover, clustering, and scalability for the IBM Sametime Gateway deployment. The product is shipped with the following connectors:",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16697940",
"chunk_text": "\"Trillian (software)\"\nDownload.com. Trillian was a donateware at that time. They used PayPal for receiving donations through their web site. Version \"\"0.6\"\", released November 29, 2000, represented a major change in the direction of development, when the client became able to connect to AOL Instant Messenger, ICQ and MSN Messenger simultaneously in one window. Although similar products, such as Odigo and Imici, already existed, Trillian was novel in the way that it distinguished contacts from different IM services clearly on the contact list, and it did not require registration of a proprietary account. It also did not lose connection easily like the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14426881",
"chunk_text": "Jimm\ndisplay status, display information about user, play sounds and display messages in the chat. It was decided to rename Mobicq to Jimm. The name \"\"Jimm\"\" means \"\"Java Instant Mobile Messenger\"\". Jimm Jimm is an alternative open-source instant messaging client for ICQ network. It is written in Java ME and should work in most of mobile devices that follow MIDP specification. Jimm is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Creator of Jimm is Manuel Linsmayer. In 2003 he released a client Mobicq. The client allows to view a list of contacts and exchange messages on a protocol",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19109534",
"chunk_text": "\"Quiet Internet Pager\"\nQuiet Internet Pager QIP (; an acronym for Quiet Internet Pager) is a multiprotocol instant messaging client. It is a closed source freeware program originally developed by Ilgam Zyulkorneev. In 2008 it was bought by RosBusinessConsulting media group and named most popular RBC service in 2009. A Softpedia review of QIP 2006 mentioned its unique feature (at the time) of tabbed message windows—instead of a message window for each chat session, one window with several tabs is shown. Since this feature's introduction, ICQ Version 6.0 now includes this feature, as do the multi-service clients Pidgin, Miranda IM, and Trillian. Other",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15832754",
"chunk_text": "ICQ\nparties and used by ICQ or such third parties. Therefore carefully consider whether you wish such information to be accessible. Public areas may include your user profile (depending on the level of your privacy settings) any blogs, message boards, forums or similar services made available through the ICQ Services. AOL pursued an aggressive policy regarding alternative (\"\"unauthorized\"\") ICQ clients. \"\"Системное сообщение System Message On icq.com there is an \"\"important message\"\" for Russian-speaking ICQ users: \"\"ICQ осуществляет поддержку только авторизированных версий программ: ICQ Lite и ICQ 6.5.\"\" (\"\"ICQ supports only authorized versions of programs: ICQ Lite and ICQ 6.5.\"\") AOL's OSCAR",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6552856",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\npeople to chat simultaneously on a 512x512 plasma display (5 lines of text + 1 status line per person). During the bulletin board system (BBS) phenomenon that peaked during the 1980s, some systems incorporated chat features which were similar to instant messaging; Freelancin' Roundtable was one prime example. The first such general-availability commercial online chat service (as opposed to PLATO, which was educational) was the CompuServe CB Simulator in 1980, created by CompuServe executive Alexander \"\"Sandy\"\" Trevor in Columbus, Ohio. Early instant messaging programs were primarily real-time text, where characters appeared as they were typed. This includes the Unix \"\"talk\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1355311",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\nwhich Google Talk users would be able to communicate with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an AIM account. There are two ways to combine the many disparate protocols: Some approaches allow organizations to deploy their own, private instant messaging network by enabling them to restrict access to the server (often with the IM network entirely behind their firewall) and administer user permissions. Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN, by using an encrypted, firewall-friendly, HTTPS-based protocol. Usually, a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages, such as pre-populated contact lists,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20197028",
"chunk_text": "\"Mirabilis (company)\"\nVardi and one of the founders of Israel Chemicals, agreed to invest a few hundred thousand dollars to develop the technology. Mirabilis was established in a small apartment in San Jose, California, where Internet access was cheaper. ICQ grew as people encouraged their friends to join so they could communicate with each other. This established a powerful network effect as prospective users strongly preferred the system where their friends were likely to be. It was purchased by America Online (AOL) for $407 million in 1998. AOL sold ICQ to Digital Sky Technologies for $187.5 million on April 28, 2010. Mirabilis",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9468027",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant messaging\"\n\"\"chat rooms\"\", where participants might be anonymous or might be previously known to each other (for example collaborators on a project that is using chat to facilitate communication). Instant messaging systems tend to facilitate connections between specified known users (often using a contact list also known as a \"\"buddy list\"\" or \"\"friend list\"\"). Depending on the IM protocol, the technical architecture can be peer-to-peer (direct point-to-point transmission) or client-server (an Instant message service center retransmits messages from the sender to the communication device). By 2010, instant messaging over the Web was already in sharp decline, in favor of messaging features",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19898227",
"chunk_text": "MQTT\nvariation of the main protocol aimed at embedded devices on non-TCP/IP networks, such as Zigbee. Historically, the \"\"MQ\"\" in \"\"MQTT\"\" came from the IBM MQ (then 'MQSeries') message queuing product line. However, queuing itself is not required to be supported as a standard feature in all situations. Alternative protocols include the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol (STOMP), the IETF Constrained Application Protocol, XMPP, DDS, OPC UA, and Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP). An MQTT system consists of clients communicating with a server, often called a \"\"broker\"\". A client may be either a publisher of information",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_838
|
when does season 3 of the riveras start?
|
n/a
|
[
"March 11, 2018"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_text": "\"The Riveras\"\nseason of I Love Jenni was the most-watched original mun2 original program. It finished as the fifth most-watched program with Hispanic females 18-49 and seventh most watched series with Hispanic adults 18-49 In May 2016, Telemundo and UNIVERSO announced \"\"The Riveras\"\" as an upcoming series on UNIVERSO as well as other Jenni Rivera related programming. On November 6, 2017, during the finale of Mariposa de Barrio on Telemundo, UNIVERSO announced that a third season would premiere in 2018. On March 1, 2018, UNIVERSO announced that \"\"The Riveras\"\" has been picked up for a fourth season set to premiere in 2019.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "5307435",
"chunk_text": "\"I Love Jenni\"\nas they move on from Jenni's death. Rivera's children Chiquis, Jacqie, Michael, Jenicka and Johnny, are featured, as well as her sister, Rosie Rivera. The third and final season debuted on April 14, 2013. The success of \"\"I Love Jenni\"\" led to the announcement of \"\"Jenni Rivera Presents: Chiquis 'N Control\"\". A spin-off starring Rivera's first born daughter, Chiquis as she moves out of her mother's house and opens her blow-dry salon. Chiquis 'N Control premiered on July 28, 2012 on NBC Universo (known previously as Mun2) and aired through the summer. It was the only program to outperform \"\"I",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "18934259",
"chunk_text": "\"This Is Us (season 3)\"\nProduction on the season officially began on July 10, 2018, in Los Angeles. General references This Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"\"This Is Us\"\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "16545090",
"chunk_text": "\"Sin senos sí hay paraíso (season 3)\"\nSin senos sí hay paraíso (season 3) The third season of \"\"Sin senos sí hay paraíso\"\", an American television series created by Gustavo Bolívar, that premiered on Telemundo on 12 June 2018 and concluded on 10 September 2018. The start of production of the third season was confirmed from November 2017, and concluded on 19 April 2018. The season begins with the expected results of the departmental beauty contest of Colombia, and revolves around the doubts that remained in the previous season, about the curse that persecutes the daughters of \"\"Las Chicas del Barrio\"\", the spell of Albeiro (Fabián Ríos)",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "580597",
"chunk_text": "\"Shades of Blue (TV series)\"\nfinal season, and it would contain 10 episodes. The third season premiered on June 17, 2018. Lopez was given the main role in 2014. On February 26, 2015, Liotta, de Matteo, Vincent Laresca and Warren Kole were cast as Lt. Matt Wozniak, Det. Shirley Nazario, Det. Tony Espada and Agent Robert Stahl, respectively. Dayo Okeniyi was given the role of Det. Michael Loman. On March 30, 2015, Hampton Fluker was cast in a recurring role as Det. Marcus Tufo. On April 8, Sarah Jeffery was cast as Santos' daughter, Christina. On April 13, 2015, Gino Anthony Pesi was cast in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4387043",
"chunk_text": "\"The Riveras\"\nThe Riveras The Riveras is an American reality television series that airs on UNIVERSO. The show is a spin-off of I Love Jenni. The series follows the five children of late Mexican-American singer Jenni Rivera as they begin to pursue their dreams and continue to honor Rivera's legacy. The series debuted on October 16, 2016. After the death of singer Jenni Rivera, \"\"I Love Jenni\"\" ran its third and final season on NBC Universo (then known as mun2). The final episodes of the third season focused on Rivera's five children as they deal with life after her passing. The final",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13044740",
"chunk_text": "\"American Housewife\"\nSeptember 27, 2017. On October 31, ABC ordered two additional episodes, bringing the season total to 24. On May 11, 2018, ABC renewed \"\"American Housewife\"\" for a third season of 22 episodes, which premiered on September 26, 2018. The series chronicles the daily life of Katie Otto, a wife and mother who tries to stand out among the wealthy, pretentious, arrogant housewives and their privileged children after moving to her new hometown of Westport, Connecticut. She lives with Greg, her level-headed husband who is a university professor, and their three children. Taylor is their athletic, headstrong oldest daughter who wants",
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"chunk_text": "\"Shades of Blue (TV series)\"\nepisodes. The third and final season premiered on June 17, 2018, and the series finale aired on August 19, 2018. In February 2014, NBC gave a 13-episode straight-to-series order. A teaser trailer was made available on June 3, 2015, containing statements by Lopez, Ray Liotta, and Drea de Matteo. The series premiered on January 7, 2016. On February 5, 2016, NBC renewed \"\"Shades of Blue\"\" for a 13-episode second season, which premiered on March 5, 2017. On March 17, 2017, the series was renewed for a third season. NBC later announced on April 4, 2018, that this would be the",
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"chunk_text": "\"This Is Us (season 3)\"\nChris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018, and is set to run for 18 episodes on NBC. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas and Ron Cephas Jones return from the second season as",
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"chunk_id": "15803922",
"chunk_text": "\"The House of Flowers (TV series)\"\non 10 August 2018. In October 2018, Netflix renewed the programme for a second and third season to be released in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The already-dysfunctional de la Mora family are thrown into chaos by the suicide of patriarch Ernesto's longtime mistress. The revelation of the affair—and Ernesto's illegitimate daughter—are just the first of a series of secrets that begin unraveling around matriarch Virginia and her children Paulina, Elena, and Julián. \"\"The House of Flowers\"\" explores some cultural idiosyncrasies of the Mexican people, including casual racism and homophobia. Paco León, who plays the transgender María José Riquelme, said, “What",
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"chunk_text": "3%\nsucceeding. The first season, consisting of 8 episodes, became available on Netflix worldwide on November 25, 2016. In December 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, which consists of 10 episodes and was released on April 27, 2018. On June 4, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season, which is scheduled to be released in 2019. Creator and writer Pedro Aguilera developed \"\"3%\"\" from a 2009 independent pilot episode. Netflix gave the series an 8-episode order for the first season. It is the first Portuguese-language Netflix original series and the second non-English production, after the Spanish-language",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sin senos sí hay paraíso (season 3)\"\ndied, as did Martina, Paola's daughter, and now Catalina La Grande will have to redouble her efforts to take care of Mariana, while Ximena will take care of the steps of her daughter, Valentina. In this battle against evil they will have many allies but there is no lack of enemies. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Sin senos sí hay paraíso (season 3) The third season of \"\"Sin senos sí hay paraíso\"\", an American television series created by Gustavo Bolívar, that premiered on Telemundo on 12 June 2018 and concluded on 10 September 2018. The start of production of the third season was confirmed",
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"chunk_id": "20119672",
"chunk_text": "\"El Artista del Año (season 3)\"\nEl Artista del Año (season 3) Season three of \"\"El Artista del Año\"\", titled El artista del año: El dúo perfecto, premiered on September 29, 2018, on the América Televisión network. This season brings together former contestants from the previous two seasons and new participants who compete in couples throughout the competition. On October 27, the live show was canceled due to technical problems, so the fifth week will be held next Saturday. The cast is made up of the former contestants of the first season, Luis Baca, Rossana Fernández-Maldonado, Pedro Loli, Micheille Soifer and Cielo Torres, along with the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Club de Cuervos\"\nboth Mexican and American writers, the first season of \"\"Club de Cuervos\"\" was shot in Pachuca, Hidalgo. The series has received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the show's pacing and originality. It was renewed for a second season on October 28, 2015. The second season premiered on December 10, 2016. Season three premiered on September 29, 2017. Set in the fictional city of Nuevo Toledo, Mexico, the series focuses on the Cuervos FC, a soccer team that faces an identity crisis after the death of its owner, Salvador Iglesias Sr. Due to male-dominant cultural attitudes, his son, Chava,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)\"\nOn December 13, 2018, it was announced that season 3 is set to premiere on February 8, 2019. Upon its release, the show received critical acclaim, with critics and journalists praising the writing and the performances of Justina Machado and Rita Moreno. \"\"One Day at a Time\"\" was listed as one of the best television shows of 2017, with over eighteen critics ranking it as one of the top ten shows of the year. The series received multiple awards and nominations, including a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series (Pat Barnett). At the",
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"chunk_text": "3%\nseries \"\"Club de Cuervos\"\". Academy Award-nominated cinematographer César Charlone, known for \"\"City of God\"\" and \"\"Blindness\"\", served as director alongside Daina Giannecchini, Dani Libardi, and Jotagá Crema. Charlone also serves as an executive producer, alongside Tiago Mello. The first season became available on Netflix worldwide on November 25, 2016. In December 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, which was released on April 27, 2018. On June 4, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season, which is scheduled to be released in 2019. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18502547",
"chunk_text": "\"All About the Washingtons\"\ngiven the production a straight-to-series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. It was further reported that the series would be produced by ABC Studios' cable/digital division ABC Signature. On June 14, 2018, it was reported that the series, now titled \"\"All About The Washingtons\"\", would premiere on August 10, 2018. Additionally, it was announced that Andrew Reich serve as showrunner and an executive producer for the series. On October 18, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had canceled the series after one season. Alongside the announcement of the put pilot commitment, it was confirmed that the series",
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},
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"chunk_id": "1126190",
"chunk_text": "\"The Royals (TV series)\"\nNovember 15, 2015. On January 5, 2016, E! renewed \"\"The Royals\"\" for a third season, which premiered on December 4, 2016. Several days before the season three finale, the series was renewed for a fourth season on February 16, 2017, which premiered on March 11, 2018. Schwahn was suspended from the series after the completion of season four filming on November 15, 2017, following sexual harassment allegations against him by female casts and crew of both \"\"The Royals\"\" and his previous series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" came to light. He was subsequently fired from the series on December 22, 2017. On",
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{
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"chunk_id": "16157629",
"chunk_text": "\"Speechless (TV series)\"\nadditional episode was ordered on December 13, 2016, for a 23-episode season. On May 12, 2017, ABC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 27, 2017. On May 11, 2018, ABC renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 5, 2018. The series follows the DiMeo family, each with a unique personality: Maya, a take-charge British mother with a no-holds-barred attitude; her husband Jimmy, who does not seem to care what others think; Dylan, their no-nonsense athletic daughter; Ray, their scholarly middle child who acts as the \"\"voice of reason\"\" in the family;",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18080402",
"chunk_text": "\"The Real Housewives of Potomac (season 3)\"\nThe Real Housewives of Potomac (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Real Housewives of Potomac\"\", an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on April 1, 2018, and is primarily filmed in Potomac, Maryland. Its executive producers are Steven Weinstock, Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Thomas Kelly, and Andy Cohen. The third season of \"\"The Real Housewives of Potomac\"\" focuses on the lives of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Robyn Dixon, Karen Huger, Monique Samuels and Candiace Dillard. All six housewives featured during the second season returned as housewives, however, original housewife Charrisse Jackson-Jordan returned in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "6167267",
"chunk_text": "\"3 familias\"\n3 familias 3 familias (stylized onscreen 3 familias, todos estamos bien), is a Mexican telenovela produced by Joshua Mintz and Ana Celia Urquidi for TV Azteca. It is an adaptation for Mexico of the Ecuadorian series of . It premiered on October 23, 2017 and ended on May 25, 2018. It stars Íngrid Martz as the titular character. The production of the telenovela officially began on September 11, 2017. Despite their abysmal differences, the Del Pedregal Barroso, the Mejorada Lezama and Barrio Bravo are three happy marriages, they love each other, they respect each other, they have everything; less the",
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"chunk_id": "1223468",
"chunk_text": "Narcos\nsome of his best work as viewers read the worry and interior thinking on his face.\"\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season holds an approval rating of 96% based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 7.46/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Narcos\"\" continues to evolve in its third season, drawing on historical details to take viewers on a thoroughly gripping – and unsettlingly timely – journey into darkness.\"\" On Metacritic, season three holds a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". \"\"Narcos: Mexico\"\" was released on November 16, 2018.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11238553",
"chunk_text": "\"Sons of Anarchy (season 3)\"\n\"\"The Shield\"\", \"\"Nip/Tuck\"\", and \"\"Rescue Me\"\". \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\" is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. In 2018, Universo announced the season 3 premiere of Sons of Anarchy in Español on 29 October 2018. Gemma has been hiding in Rogue River, Oregon with Tig at the home of Gemma's father, Nate (Hal Holbrook), who suffers from dementia. Gemma struggles when",
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"chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 3)\"\nthe United States on October 9, 2017, and ended on June 18, 2018. It premiered on October 16, 2017 in the United Kingdom on Sky One. The season was released on DVD on September 17, 2018, and Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the third season a 80% approval rating from critics with an average rating of 7.32/10, based on 13 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"\"Heavier themes lead to higher stakes, but \"\"Supergirl\"\" gives its eponymous heroine and her fellow supers plenty of room for growth, creating a well-balanced, engaging third season.\"\" Jesse",
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"chunk_id": "20789367",
"chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 3)\"\nto a series regular from her recurring status in the previous season, and and new cast member Odette Annable. The season premiered on The CW on October 9, 2017, and ran until June 18, 2018, over 23 episodes. The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 2, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed \"\"Supergirl\"\" for a third season. Series co-creator Allison Adler decided not to return as showrunner for season 3, and instead remained as a consultant. Jessica Queller and Robert Rovner served as the showrunners alongside series co-creator Andrew Kreisberg. Jessica Queller described the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11742162",
"chunk_text": "\"The Real Housewives of New Jersey (season 3)\"\nNew Jersey\"\" was officially renewed for a third season on August 31, 2010. The season premiere \"\"In the Name of the Father\"\" was aired on May 16, 2011, as a 90 minute special that delivered the highest rated season premiere in the network's history and the highest rated season premiere in \"\"The Real Housewives\"\" franchise at the time. The nineteenth episode \"\"Portrait of an Italian Family\"\" served as the season finale, and was aired on October 9, 2011. It was followed by a two-part reunion which marked the conclusion of the season and was broadcast on October 16, and October",
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"chunk_id": "5307434",
"chunk_text": "\"I Love Jenni\"\nAngeles, and Jenni's life as a recording artist. Jenni announced on Twitter in November 2012 that filming of the third season had begun. On December 9, 2012, Rivera died in a plane crash after a sold-out performance in Arena Monterrey. The production team of the show had been traveling with her and filmed her entire last concert. It was confirmed in January 2013 that the third season would continue and that it would feature footage of Rivera in the month prior to her death and the family would continue filming the rest of the third season which will encompass them",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "537559",
"chunk_text": "\"The Good Place (season 3)\"\n\"\"The Good Place\"\" remains a delightfully insightful bright spot on the television landscape.\"\" On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 96 out of 100, based on reviews from 5 critics, indicating \"\"universal acclaim\"\". The Good Place (season 3) The third season of the fantasy comedy television series \"\"The Good Place\"\", created by Michael Schur, was renewed on November 21, 2017, on NBC, and began airing on September 27, 2018, in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season will consist of thirteen episodes. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6167269",
"chunk_text": "\"3 familias\"\nhouse of the mother-in-law. Chayanne and Fer, sons of Chacho and Gonzalo Adolfo, respectively, who despite their differences, will star in an intense love story, impossible, of course, so they will try to separate them at all costs, generating a fun war between these families. 3 familias 3 familias (stylized onscreen 3 familias, todos estamos bien), is a Mexican telenovela produced by Joshua Mintz and Ana Celia Urquidi for TV Azteca. It is an adaptation for Mexico of the Ecuadorian series of . It premiered on October 23, 2017 and ended on May 25, 2018. It stars Íngrid Martz as",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2092521",
"chunk_text": "\"Quantico (season 3)\"\nQuantico (season 3) The third and final season of American drama thriller series \"\"Quantico\"\" premiered in the United States on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on April 26, 2018, and concluded on August 3, 2018. The season was produced by ABC Studios, with series creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona serving as executive producers. The third and final season consisted of thirteen episodes, down from the twenty-two episode count of the two previous seasons. The season aired on Thursdays in the United States at 10:00 pm. The show was cancelled on May 11, 2018, by",
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"chunk_id": "1716759",
"chunk_text": "\"Tracey Ullman's Show\"\nOn 30 August, American HBO announced that it would begin airing a third season of the show on 28 September 2018. It made its international premiere in the United States prior to its HBO launch at the 2018 Tribeca TV Festival. The event was held on 21 September 2018, with Ullman taking part in a Q&A session hosted by actress Meryl Streep. Aside from HBO in the United States, the show's international distributor, the UK-based DRG, announced that it had also sold the show's third season to HBO Europe and ITV Choice in Asia as of September 2018. Tracey Ullman's",
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"chunk_id": "9937874",
"chunk_text": "\"Returning the Favor\"\n25, 2018, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that Facebook had renewed the series for a third season. On November 23, 2018, it was reported that season three would premiere on on November 27, 2018. In November 2017, \"\"Returning the Favor\"\" was one of five shows cited by Got Your 6, an entertainment industry-affiliated veterans organization with a Got Your 6 certification. In recognizing the series, the organization specifically cited the pilot episode, featuring a former Army engineer running a therapeutic motorcycle building program for other veterans, and episode six, which featured a quadruple",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18450318",
"chunk_text": "\"Bunk'd\"\nJune 1, 2018, it was announced that Peyton List, Karan Brar, Skai Jackson, and Miranda May would be returning for the third season and that Raphael Alejandro, Will Buie Jr., and Mallory Mahoney would be joining the cast. The third season premiered on Disney Channel on June 18, 2018. In March 2018, actress Skai Jackson stated in an interview that she was leaving Disney and that \"\"Bunk'd\"\" would end with the third season. In September 2018, it was confirmed in a report from \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" that Peyton List would also leave the series after the conclusion of its third",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Real Housewives of Potomac (season 3)\"\na recurring capacity. Candiace Dillard, a former Miss United States, joined the series as a full-time housewife. Tag lines adapted from Bravo TV. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Real Housewives of Potomac (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Real Housewives of Potomac\"\", an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on April 1, 2018, and is primarily filmed in Potomac, Maryland. Its executive producers are Steven Weinstock, Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Thomas Kelly, and Andy Cohen. The third season of \"\"The Real Housewives of Potomac\"\" focuses on the lives of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Robyn Dixon, Karen",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Devious Maids\"\nnew lover Javier (Ivan Hernandez), while Valentina goes to work for the Powells and takes on new lover Ethan (Colin Woodell), who secretly takes part in a gang of teens who go around robbing houses. Due to one of these robberies, Adrian is left shaken and hires bodyguard Tony Bishara (Dominic Adams) who Evelyn has an affair with. Meanwhile, Remi fights to win back Valentina, and his mother Genevieve learns that she's in need of a kidney transplant. The third season premiered on June 1, 2015, and its central mystery revolves around the return of the Stappords, what they're hiding,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "11055933",
"chunk_text": "\"The Fosters (season 3)\"\nThe Fosters (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Fosters\"\" premiered on June 8, 2015 and ended on March 28, 2016. The season consisted of 20 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latinx twin teenagers, (Cierra Ramirez and Noah Centineo), and Stef's biological son (David Lambert). In this season, after Jesus' accident, he leaves for boarding school and Stef is determined to find the suspect responsible. Meanwhile, Callie meets a",
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"chunk_id": "20521774",
"chunk_text": "\"Wildflower (season 3)\"\nWildflower (season 3) The third season of \"\"Wildflower\"\", a Philippine revenge drama television series on ABS-CBN, premiered on August 14, 2017 and concluded on December 1, 2017, with a total of 80 episodes. Season three stars Maja Salvador, as Lily Cruz and Ivy Aguas, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Tirso Cruz III, Aiko Melendez, Sunshine Cruz, Wendell Ramos, Vin Abrenica, RK Bagatsing, and Joseph Marco. When Ivy (Maja Salvador) reveals her real identity as Lily Cruz after she cripples the Ardiente’s powerful influence, a new enemy surfaces. The enemy is Julio’s (Tirso Cruz III) first wife and Emilia's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18206651",
"chunk_text": "\"This Is Us (season 3)\"\nThis Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"\"This Is Us\"\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15068870",
"chunk_text": "\"High Maintenance\"\n19, 2018. On February 21, 2018, HBO renewed the series for a third season, which will launch on January 20, 2019. Almost all of the episodes in this character-driven series are named after an unseen peripheral character that someone in the episode mentions (the one exception being \"\"Heidi\"\"). The characters are meant to be relevant, regardless of whether or not the viewer engages in similar activities. This web series is shot throughout various neighborhoods in Brooklyn and occasionally Manhattan. Each episode is between five and twelve minutes in length. \"\"Freed of the constraints of thirty-minute or one-hour formulas, the episodes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2092524",
"chunk_text": "\"Quantico (season 3)\"\nexecutive producer. The third season premiered on April 26, 2018. After the third season renewal announcement, it was reported that Yasmine Al Massri and Pearl Thusi would leave the series, and in June 2017, it was reported that Ellis and Tovey would not return as part of a creative overhaul. However, in August 2017, it was confirmed that Tovey would in fact be returning as a series regular. In late July 2017, Marlee Matlin joined the show as a series regular in the third season. She will play the role of ex-FBI agent, Jocelyn Turner. On November 21, 2017, it",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "17417639",
"chunk_text": "\"Little Women: Atlanta\"\nmain cast member while Samantha Ortiz and Tanya Scott make guest appearances, and with Melissa Hancock and the Drummond twins in the recurring capacity. Bri and Emily announced at the reunion that they will no longer be part of the show and are moving to . The third season saw the departure of Briana Barlup and Emily Fernandez. Both currently appear as main cast members on . The third season premiered on January 4, 2017 with Tanya Scott promoted to a main cast member, Samantha Ortiz and Abira Greene in recurring capacity. The fourth season premiered on December 14, 2017",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1252367",
"chunk_text": "\"This Is Us (TV series)\"\nDrama Series. On September 27, 2016, NBC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. In January 2017, NBC renewed the series for two additional seasons of 18 episodes each. The second season premiered on September 26, 2017. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018. The series follows the lives of siblings Kevin, Kate, and Randall (known as the \"\"Big Three\"\"), and their parents Jack and Rebecca Pearson. It takes place in the present and uses flashbacks to show the family during various moments in the past. Kevin and Kate are the two surviving members of",
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"chunk_id": "20963024",
"chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)\"\n\"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. The third season began airing on October 10, 2017 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 9, 2018. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It was released on Blu-Ray on September 25, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.27/10 based on 13 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"\"\"DC's Legends of Tomorrow\"\" lightens up the tone in its third season while spotlighting adventurous plots and a distinct",
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"chunk_id": "5307436",
"chunk_text": "\"I Love Jenni\"\nLove Jenni\"\" before it returned in April 2013 for its third and final season. In May 2016, NBC Universo announced a new reality show titled \"\"The Riveras,\"\" featuring Jenni's five children. The Riveras focuses on Rivera's children, Chiquis, Jacqie, Michael, Jenicka, and Juan Angel as they begin to pursue their dreams and continue to honor their mother's legacy. \"\"The Riveras\"\" premiered on October 16th, 2016 on NBC Universo. I Love Jenni I Love Jenni is a Mexican-American reality television series on mun2 that debuted on March 5, 2011, and concluded on August 11, 2013. \"\"I Love Jenni\"\" documents the personal",
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"chunk_id": "2199948",
"chunk_text": "\"Alex & Co.\"\non November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017 to February 18, 2017. Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017 to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series. There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa. In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016 to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016 to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017; and",
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"chunk_text": "\"W. Kamau Bell\"\nof America\"\", which premiered on April 24, 2016 and was renewed for a third season in 2017. The show, of which Bell is an Executive Producer, was awarded the Creative Arts Emmy for Outstanding Unstructured Reality Program in 2017. The show \"\"United Shades of America\"\" was renewed for season 3 in 2018. The first episode of the show was aired on the 29th of April 2018. The show lasted for 8 episodes in total. The last episode titled \"\"\"\"Native Hawaii\"\"\"\" aired on July 1, 2018. Later in July 2018, Bell was nominated for \"\"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10701155",
"chunk_text": "\"American Housewife\"\nfor a second season. which premiered on September 27, 2017. On May 11, 2018, ABC renewed the series for a third season. On February 17, 2016, it was announced that Katy Mixon had been cast in the pilot's lead role. In March 2016, it was reported that Carly Hughes, Ali Wong and Diedrich Bader had also joined the pilot's main cast. On June 27, 2016, it was announced that Meg Donnelly had been cast to replace Johnny Sequoyah in the pilot role of Taylor, Katie and Greg's character's daughter. \"\"American Housewife\"\" has received mixed reviews from television critics, with Katy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1372069",
"chunk_text": "\"The Good Place (season 3)\"\nThe Good Place (season 3) The third season of the fantasy comedy television series \"\"The Good Place\"\", created by Michael Schur, was renewed on November 21, 2017, on NBC, and began airing on September 27, 2018, in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season will consist of thirteen episodes. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael (Ted Danson) to \"\"The Good Place\"\", a heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. However,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_id": "20525428",
"chunk_text": "\"The WalkerZ\"\nof the usual 10 episode count, this is due production timing and actors schedule. While Season 3 titled Viral is expected to air during late Fall-Winter 2016, the 4th Season titled Decay would air during spring 2017. Production was put on hold due to hurricane affecting Puerto Rico severely. On September 06, 2018 almost a year after the hiatus, it was announced that the 3rd season would be re-written since hurricane affected filming locations and several actors left the island, due to this it would be a 5 episode arc ending the series to continue on as short films based",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
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"chunk_id": "6505186",
"chunk_text": "\"La Voz... México\"\nbegan on September 9, 2012 as scheduled, though was slightly delayed before the airing of its final episode due to the death of judge Jenni Rivera, who died in a plane crash in Iturbide, Nuevo León on December 9, 2012, dedicating an entire episode as a tribute to the late singer. The current series began on September 30, 2018 and features returning coach, Maluma who is joined by new coaches Anitta, Carlos Rivera, Natalia Jiménez and new host, Lele Pons. The official website says of the program: This program has already become a very famous, because unlike other programs so",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_839
|
chandra and bhaga river meets at the place?
|
n/a
|
[
"Tandi, in Lahaul",
"at Tandi, in Lahaul"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "20087019",
"chunk_text": "\"Chenab River\"\nallocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. The river is formed by the confluence of two rivers, Chandra and Bhaga, at Tandi, 8 km southwest of Kyelang, in the Lahaul and Spiti district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers east of the Bara-lacha la pass in the in Himachal Pradesh. The Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass. This pass also acts as a water-divide between these two rivers. The Chandra river transverses before the confluence. The Bhaga",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4802799",
"chunk_text": "\"Bhima River\"\nBhima River The Bhima River is a major river in Western India and South India. It flows southeast for through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana states, before entering the Krishna River. After the first sixty-five kilometers in a narrow valley through rugged terrain, the banks open up and form a fertile agricultural area which is densely populated. The river is prone to turning into gold during the summer season. In 2005 there was severe flooding in Solapur, Bijapur and Gulbarga districts. The river is also referred to as Chandrabhaga River, especially at Pandharpur, as it resembles the shape of the Moon.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14959149",
"chunk_text": "\"Suraj Tal\"\nSuraj Tal Suraj Tal or Suraj Tal Lake also called Surya taal, is a sacred body of water, literally means the Lake of the Sun God, and lies just below the Bara-lacha-la pass (4,890m) ( in length) in the Lahaul and Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh state in India and is the third highest lake in India, and the 21st-highest in the world. Suraj Tal Lake is the source of Bhaga River which joins the Chandra River downstream at Tandi to form the Chandrabhaga River in Himachal Pradesh territory, and as it enters Jammu and Kashmir it is renamed as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5489758",
"chunk_text": "Devprayag\nDevprayag Devprayag (Deva prayāga) is a town and a nagar panchayat (municipality) in Tehri Garhwal district in the state of Uttarakhand, India, and is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River where Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers meet and take the name Ganga. Traditionally, it is considered to be the place where sage Dev Sharma led his ascetic life, giving birth its present name, Devprayag. It is one of the five sacred confluences in the hills and is an important place of pilgrimage for devout Hindus. \"\"Devaprayāga\"\" means \"\"Godly Confluence\"\" in Sanskrit. As per Hindu scriptures, Devaprayaga is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8540428",
"chunk_text": "Ganges\nthe confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers in the town of Devprayag in the Garhwal division of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The Bhagirathi is considered to be the source in Hindu culture and mythology, although the Alaknanda is longer, and, therefore, hydrologically the source stream. The headwaters of the Alakananda are formed by snowmelt from peaks such as Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kamet. The Bhagirathi rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gomukh, at an elevation of , being mythologically referred to as, residing in the matted locks of Shiva, symbolically Tapovan, being a meadow of ethereal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10867752",
"chunk_text": "\"Bhilangna River\"\nBhilangna River Bhilangna River is a Himalayan river in Uttarakhand, India, which is the major tributary of the Bhagirathi river, the source stream of the Ganges River of India. The mainstem, \"\"Bhilangna\"\", rises at the foot of the Khatling Glacier (elevation ) approximately south of the ice cave at Gaumukh, traditionally considered the source of both the Bhagirathi and the Ganges and flows into the Bhagirathi at Old Tehri, the site of the Tehri dam. It meets its major tributary the \"\"Bal Ganga\"\" at Ghansali (elevation ). The \"\"Bal Ganga\"\", whose headwaters are formed at the foot of Mount Kukhli",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7193927",
"chunk_text": "\"Bara-lacha la\"\nBara-lacha la Bara-lacha la also known as Bara-lacha Pass, or Bārā Lācha La, (el. ) is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, situated along the Leh–Manali Highway. The Bhaga river, a tributary of the Chandrabhaga or Chenab river, originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few of kilometers from the pass towards Manali. The other major tributary of the Chandrabhaga, the Chandra also originates from glacier in this region. The pass also acts as a water-divide between the Bhaga river and the Yunam river. Folklore",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3018387",
"chunk_text": "\"Bhagirathi River\"\nlies at the confluence of the Bhāgirathi and the Bhilangna, at , near Tehri.Chaukhamba I is the highest point of the Bhagirathi basin. There are 18 dams along the Bhāgirathi River, either in operation, under construction or planned. These are, in order from the source: Bhagirathi River The Bhāgīrathī (Pron:/ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams (or source) of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and considered holy in Hinduism. In Hindu faith and culture, the Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges. However, in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7207227",
"chunk_text": "\"Bhagirathi River\"\nBhagirathi River The Bhāgīrathī (Pron:/ˌbʌgɪˈɹɑːθɪ/) is a turbulent Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and one of the two headstreams (or source) of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and considered holy in Hinduism. In Hindu faith and culture, the Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges. However, in hydrology, the other headstream, Alaknanda, is considered the source stream on account of its great length and discharge. The word \"\"Bhagirathi\"\" (Sanskrit, literally, \"\"caused by Bhagiratha\"\") refers to a mythological Sagar Dynasty prince who, to gain the release of his 60,000 great-uncles from the curse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9724573",
"chunk_text": "Chandraketugarh\nChandraketugarh Chandraketugarh is an archaeological site located beside the Bidyadhari river, about north-east of Kolkata, India, in the district of North 24 parganas, near the township of Berachampa and the Harua Road railhead. Years of excavation within 1957-68 (conducted by Asutosh Museum of Indian Art) have revealed relics of several historical periods, although the chronological classification of the relics remains incomplete. According to some historians, the Chandraketugarh site and surrounding area could be the place known to ancient Greek and Roman writers as having the same name as the river Ganges (Γάγγης) sometimes referred to as 'Gangaridai'. The legend of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2333610",
"chunk_text": "\"Chenab River\"\nin the Vedic period In 325 BC, Alexander the Great allegedly founded the town of Alexandria on the Indus (present day Uch Sharif or Mithankot or Chacharan in Pakistan) at the confluence of the Indus and the combined stream of Punjab rivers (currently known as the Panjnad River). The river has rich power generation potential in India. Chenab River The Chenab River ( ; ), known traditionally as the Chandrabhaga River (), is a major river that flows in India and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the Punjab region. It forms in the upper Himalayas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2333608",
"chunk_text": "\"Chenab River\"\nriver transverses through narrow gorges a distance of before the confluence at Tandi. The Chenab river was called ' () in the Rigveda (VIII.20.25, X.75.5). The name meant that it was seen to have dark-coloured waters. The term Krishana is also found in the Atharvaveda. A later form of Askikni was ' () and the Greek form was - \"\"Akesínes\"\"; Latinized to \"\"Acesines\"\". In the Mahabharata, the common name of the river was Chandrabhaga () because the river is formed from the confluence of the Chandra and the Bhaga rivers. This name was also known to the Ancient Greeks, who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14788138",
"chunk_text": "Khaga\nKhaga Khaga is a town and a nagar panchayat in Fatehpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated on NH 19 between the cities of Allahabad, which is also known as Prayag, and Kanpur and is also connected to those places by rail, by which Allahabad is distant and Kanpur . The north boundary of the district is limited by the river Ganges and its southern boundary is the river Yamuna. India census, Khaga had a population of 12,0020. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. The average literacy rate of 90% was higher",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18347194",
"chunk_text": "Bhagamandala\nunder the Köppen climate classification. Bhagamandala Bhagamandala is a pilgrimage place in Kodagu district of South Indian state of Karnataka. Bhagamandala is situated on the river Kaveri in its upstream stretches. At this place, the Kaveri is joined by two tributaries, the Kannike and the mythical Sujyothi river. It is considered sacred as a river confluence (\"\"kudala\"\" or \"\"triveni sangama\"\", in Kannada and Sanskrit respectively). Bhagamandala is located 133 km south-east of Mangalore. It has an average elevation of . It is a common practice for pilgrims to take a dip in the triveni sangama and perform rituals to their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18347190",
"chunk_text": "Bhagamandala\nBhagamandala Bhagamandala is a pilgrimage place in Kodagu district of South Indian state of Karnataka. Bhagamandala is situated on the river Kaveri in its upstream stretches. At this place, the Kaveri is joined by two tributaries, the Kannike and the mythical Sujyothi river. It is considered sacred as a river confluence (\"\"kudala\"\" or \"\"triveni sangama\"\", in Kannada and Sanskrit respectively). Bhagamandala is located 133 km south-east of Mangalore. It has an average elevation of . It is a common practice for pilgrims to take a dip in the triveni sangama and perform rituals to their ancestors before proceeding to Talakaveri,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13543670",
"chunk_text": "\"Alaknanda River\"\nAlaknanda River The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganga, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is considered the source stream of the Ganges on account of its greater length and discharge; however, in Hindu mythology and culture, the other headstream, the Bhagirathi, is considered the source stream. The Alaknanda is considered to rise at the confluence and foot of the Satopanth and Bhagirath Kharak glaciers in Uttarakhand and meet the Sarasvati River tributary at Mana, India,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18960679",
"chunk_text": "\"Chandrabhaga River (Purna River)\"\nChandrabhaga River (Purna River) Chandrabhaga is one of the major rivers in Amravati district of Maharashtra. As a tributary of the Purna, it forms a part of the Tapti-Purna river system. The main stream of the river rises down the Vairat Plateau in the Chikhaldara hills and takes an eastward course draining the south slopes of Chikhaldara and Gawilgarh plateaus. dam is built on the river as it comes out of the valley. The river takes a more southward turn from the dam and passes through the town of Daryapur before it meets with river Purna on the border of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9754837",
"chunk_text": "\"Suraj Tal\"\nBara-lacha-la is a rough journey of . Along this route, two small lakes, the Deepak Tal and the Suraj Tal are seen. Suraj Tal Suraj Tal or Suraj Tal Lake also called Surya taal, is a sacred body of water, literally means the Lake of the Sun God, and lies just below the Bara-lacha-la pass (4,890m) ( in length) in the Lahaul and Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh state in India and is the third highest lake in India, and the 21st-highest in the world. Suraj Tal Lake is the source of Bhaga River which joins the Chandra River downstream",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10712796",
"chunk_text": "\"Bhadra Dam\"\nwhich submerges a land area of . The Bhadra River rises at Samse in the Western Ghats Aroli hill range of Kudremukh range, and flows east across the Deccan Plateau. It is joined by its tributaries, the Somavahini (drains from a crater and meets Bhadra River at Hebbe), Thadabehalla, and Odirayanahalla. The river flows through the city of Bhadravathi and the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary. The Bhadra meets the Tunga River at Koodli, a small town near Shivamogga. The combined river continues east as the Tungabhadra, a major tributary of the Krishna, which empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Bhadra",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12164939",
"chunk_text": "Amarja\nAmarja The Amarja is a river which flows in Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India. Iit is born at Koralli and flows up to 50–60 kilometres and will merge into bhima river at Sangama Kshetra Ganagapura village in Gulbarga District. Sangam Kshetra is a meeting (Sangama)point of Bhima and Amarja rivers. The water of these rivers, especially at their confluence, called Sangam, are considered extremely holy. Those who bathe in Sangam will be freed from their sins, and their wishes will be fulfilled. There is a temple in Sangam in which Shree Narasimha Saraswati Swamy (The second incarnation of Lord Dattatreya) regularly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2333606",
"chunk_text": "\"Chenab River\"\nChenab River The Chenab River ( ; ), known traditionally as the Chandrabhaga River (), is a major river that flows in India and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the Punjab region. It forms in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh state, India, and flows through the Kishtwar, Doda, Ramban, Reasi and Jammu districts of Jammu region in Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, Pakistan, before flowing into the Indus River near the city of Uch Sharif. The waters of the Chenab were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4300250",
"chunk_text": "\"Tungabhadra River\"\nTungabhadra River The Tungabhadra River is a river in India that starts and flows through the state of Karnataka during most of its course, before flowing along the border between Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and ultimately joining the Krishna River near Alampur village in Mehaboobnagar District of Telangana. In the epic Ramayana, the Tungabhadra River was known by the name of Pampa. The Tungabhadra River is formed by the confluence of the Tunga River and the Bhadra River at Koodli which flow down the eastern slope of the Western Ghats in the state of Karnataka. The two rivers originate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
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{
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"chunk_id": "7193929",
"chunk_text": "\"Bara-lacha la\"\nZanskar and Lahaul meet here and in ancient times it was part of a trade route. On the North West lies the Bhaga River while the Chandra flows south-east. Near below the Baralacha-la is having a beautiful emerald lake the Suraj tal (Sun lake), the source of the river Bhaga. \"\"Mr. Shaw thus describes the region: \"\"The Bara Lacha is the boundary between two separate regions distinguished by their physical characteristics. That which we have already passed through may be called the true Himalayan region. Here the gigantic ranges are covered with perpetual snow, furrowed by glaciers, and they arise",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14959150",
"chunk_text": "\"Suraj Tal\"\nthe Chenab River. The Bhaga River (a tributary of the Chandrabhaga or Chenab) originates from Surya taal. The other major tributary of the Chandrabhaga, the Chandra originates from the glacier close to the Chandra Taal lake in the Spiti district. Suraj Tal is from Keylong, the district headquarters of the Lahaul Spiti district, a frontier district of India which is approachable by road by the National Highway NH 21, also known as the Leh-Manali Highway. The NH 21 is the vital road link for the people living in the Lahaul Spiti district. The road skirts the Suraj Tal and is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7114665",
"chunk_text": "Ghaghara\nGhaghara Ghaghara, also called Karnali (; \"\"Ghāghrā\"\" [ˈɡʱɑːɡrɑː]; ; \"\"Karṇālī\"\" [kʌrˈnɑːliː]; ; \"\"Jiāgélāhé\"\" [t͡ɕi̯ákɤ̌láxɤ̌]) is a perennial trans-boundary river originating on the Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar. It cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India. Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left bank tributary of the Ganges. With a length of it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of Ghaghara River up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in Bihar is . It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15664900",
"chunk_text": "\"Ghaggar-Hakra River\"\nGhaggar-Hakra River The Ghaggar-Hakra River is an intermittent, endorheic river in India and Pakistan that flows only during the monsoon season. The river is known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage. The basin is classified in two parts, Khadir and Bangar, the higher area that is not flooded in rainy season is called \"\"Bangar\"\" and the lower flood-prone area is called \"\"Khadar\"\". Most sites of the Mature Harappan Civilisation (aka Indus Valley Civilisation) (2600-1900 BCE) are actually found along the (dried-out) bed of the Ghaggar-Hakkar, while the Late Harappan Civilisation was centered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7114666",
"chunk_text": "Ghaghara\nlongest tributary of the Ganges by length after Yamuna. Lower Ghaghara is also known as Sarayu river and finds mention in Ramayana. Ayodhya is situated on its right bank. It rises in the southern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet, in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an elevation of about above sea level. The river flows south through one of the most remote and least explored areas of Nepal as the Karnali River. The Seti River drains the western part of the catchment and joins the Karnali River in Doti District north of Dundras hill. Another tributary, the long Bheri,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8540425",
"chunk_text": "Ganges\nGanges The Ganges ( ), or Ganga (; ), is a trans-boundary river of the Indian subcontinent which flows through the nations of India and Bangladesh. The river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India. After entering West Bengal, it divides into two rivers: the Hooghly River and the Padma River. The Hooghly, or Adi Ganga, flows through several districts of West Bengal and into the Bay of Bengal near Sagar Island. The other, the Padma, also flows into and through Bangladesh, and also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16086903",
"chunk_text": "\"Raghunathji Temple, Devprayag\"\nbeen established by Adi Shankara during the 8th century, with later expansions by the Garhwal Kingdom. The temple is located uphill on the confluence of Alaknanda - Bhagirathi rivers, which becomes River Ganga subsequently. Raghunathji is believed to performed penance at this place to relieve himself off the curse committed by killing Ravana. The temple is maintained and administered by the Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board of the Government of Uttarakhand. As per Hindu legend, the temple is associated with the times of \"\"Ramayana\"\". Raghunathji (Rama, an avatar of Vishnu) is believed to performed penance at this place to relieve himself",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9154346",
"chunk_text": "\"Seti Gandaki River\"\nSeti Gandaki River The Seti Gandaki River, also known as the Seti River or the Seti Khola, is a river of western Nepal, a left tributary of the Trishuli River. It is one of the holiest rivers of Nepal, worshipped in Hinduism as a form of Vishnu. The river is also famous because it is close to some Holy places and is the central point of many stories of Hindu mythology, such as the Mahabharata, one of longest books of Hinduism, written by Vyasa, who was born near the confluence of the Gandaki and Madi rivers near Damauli, Tanahun, Nepal.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17700238",
"chunk_text": "\"Bidyadhari River\"\nBidyadhari River Bidyadhari River (also spelt Bidyadhari or simply called Bidya), is a river in the Indian state of West Bengal. It originates near Haringhata in Nadia district and then flows through Deganga, Habra and Barasat areas of North 24 Parganas before joining the Raimangal River in the Sundarbans. The river has formed a major navigation route for earlier civilisations. The river port of Chandraketugarh in the third century BC was on the banks of this river. This river has been the major drainage system of North 24 Parganas and Kolkata. The Sundarbans area has a network of interconnecting waterways.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7710377",
"chunk_text": "Amarja\nbathed. Amarja The Amarja is a river which flows in Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India. Iit is born at Koralli and flows up to 50–60 kilometres and will merge into bhima river at Sangama Kshetra Ganagapura village in Gulbarga District. Sangam Kshetra is a meeting (Sangama)point of Bhima and Amarja rivers. The water of these rivers, especially at their confluence, called Sangam, are considered extremely holy. Those who bathe in Sangam will be freed from their sins, and their wishes will be fulfilled. There is a temple in Sangam in which Shree Narasimha Saraswati Swamy (The second incarnation of Lord Dattatreya)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2543684",
"chunk_text": "Sarayu\nSarayu The Sarayu is a river that flows through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the Vedas and the Ramayana. The Sarayu river of India forms at the confluence of the Karnali (or Ghaghara) and Mahakali (or Sharda) in Bahraich District. The Mahakali or Sharda forms the western Indo-Nepal border. Ayodhya is situated on the banks of river Sarayu. Some mapmakers consider the Sarayu to be just a section of the lower Ghaghara River. On Ram Navami, the festival that celebrates the birthday of Lord Rama, thousands of people",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13298907",
"chunk_text": "Sarayu\ngiven to the personification of the Holy Spirit in \"\"The Shack\"\" created by American Novelist William P. Young. Sarayu The Sarayu is a river that flows through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the Vedas and the Ramayana. The Sarayu river of India forms at the confluence of the Karnali (or Ghaghara) and Mahakali (or Sharda) in Bahraich District. The Mahakali or Sharda forms the western Indo-Nepal border. Ayodhya is situated on the banks of river Sarayu. Some mapmakers consider the Sarayu to be just a section of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2050574",
"chunk_text": "\"Tungabhadra River\"\naffected 1 million people in the sub-basin as most villages use the river water for drinking, bathing, irrigating crops, fishing and livestock water, previously obtained through an ancient tank system. The livelihood of village fishermen has been harmed by regular fish kills that have exhausted Tungabhadra's fisheries. Tungabhadra River The Tungabhadra River is a river in India that starts and flows through the state of Karnataka during most of its course, before flowing along the border between Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and ultimately joining the Krishna River near Alampur village in Mehaboobnagar District of Telangana. In the epic Ramayana,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13257090",
"chunk_text": "Phalgu\nPhalgu The Phalgu or Falgu, a river that flows past Gaya, India in the Indian state of Bihar, is a sacred river for Hindus and Buddhists. In ancient scriptures, it is called the Nairañjanā in Sanskrit. The Phalgu is formed by the confluence, some below Bodh Gaya, of the Lilajan (also called Niranjan or Nilanjan) and the Mohana, two large hill streams each of which is over wide. The Phalgu is also mentioned as Niranjan. The united stream flows on to the north past the town of Gaya, where it attains a breadth of over . The Phalgu here passes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13007473",
"chunk_text": "\"Athkheliya Namghar\"\nby bus to reach Sri Sri Athkhelia namghar from Golaghat city. Athkheliya Namghar Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar or Sri Sri Athkhelia Namghar () is a prominent pilgrimage place of Assam and North Eastern India. It is located at Bosa Gaon, Golaghat, Assam. It is located at the place where the rivers Ghiladhari, Matrang and Kakodonga meet. The name comes from the eight \"\"kuris\"\" nearby it, this forms the word \"\"athkuriya\"\", which later on became athkheliya. Ahom king Gada Pani constructed it in the year 1681 AD. Before the year 1970, it was officially called Sri Sri Athkheliya 'Hori Mandir' (Vishnu",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15445099",
"chunk_text": "\"Bakulahi River\"\nBakulahi River The Bakulahi River (Hindi: बकुलाही नदी, Urdu: باکلاهی) originates from Bharatpur Lake of Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh of India. Its banks are densely populated and form a fertile agricultural area. Bakulahi River is oldest river, it is mentioned in Vedas. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the epic Ramayana and Mahabharata. Its ancient and historical name was \"\"BALKUNI\"\" but Presently the river is known as Bakulahi. As the river had a large quantity of sand and pebbles in it, it was named Balukini. Bakulahi River originates from Bharatpur Lake of Rae Bareli district",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20654219",
"chunk_text": "\"Tunga River\"\nTunga River The Tunga River (alternatively spelled Thunga) is a river in Karnataka state, southern India. The river is born in the Western Ghats on a hill known as \"\"Varaha Parvata\"\" at a place called \"\"Gangamoola\"\". From here, the river flows through two districts in Karnataka - Chikmagalur District and Shimoga District. It is 147 km long and merges with the Bhadra River at Koodli, a small town near Shimoga City, Karnataka. The river is given the compound name Tungabhadra from this point on. The Tungabhadra flows eastwards and merges with the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh. The river is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11675055",
"chunk_text": "\"Alaknanda River\"\nin order includes Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini and Bhagirathi all rising in the northern mountainous regions of Uttarakhand. After the last tributary merging at Devprayag the river is known as the Ganges. The Alaknanda contributes a significantly larger portion to the flow of the Ganges than the Bhagirathi. The Alaknanda river is among the best for river rafting in the world due to its high rafting grade. The Alaknanda system drains parts of Chamoli, Tehri, and Pauri districts. Badrinath RishiGanga River meet Alaknanda Badrinath, one of the holy destinations for Hindus in India is located near to the bank of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4027728",
"chunk_text": "\"Alampur, Jogulamba Gadwal district\"\nAlampur, Jogulamba Gadwal district Alampur is a town situated in Jogulamba Gadwal district, in the Indian state of Telangana. Alampur is the meeting point of the sacred rivers Tungabhadra and Krishna and is referred to as \"\"Dakshina Kashi\"\" (also \"\"Navabrahmeshwara Theertha\"\") and the Western Gateway of Srisailam, the famous Shaivite pilgrim centre. The Sacredness of Alampur Temple is mentioned in the Skanda Purana. The principal deities at Alampur are \"\"Brahmeswara\"\" and \"\"Jogulamba\"\". It is surrounded by the \"\"Nallamala hills\"\". Alampur is situated on the left bank of the Tungabhadra river. According to The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Alampur was a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3736296",
"chunk_text": "Ghaghara\nlow water stage in this river is only for a short duration. There is a great urgency to carry out detailed study of the Karnali river to develop modern inland waterway by applying various channel improvement technologies. Ghaghara Ghaghara, also called Karnali (; \"\"Ghāghrā\"\" [ˈɡʱɑːɡrɑː]; ; \"\"Karṇālī\"\" [kʌrˈnɑːliː]; ; \"\"Jiāgélāhé\"\" [t͡ɕi̯ákɤ̌láxɤ̌]) is a perennial trans-boundary river originating on the Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar. It cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India. Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left bank tributary of the Ganges. With a length of it is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4984051",
"chunk_text": "\"Chandrabhaga beach\"\nthe full-moon fortnight of Magha month, people from all over the state and outside gather to take a holy dip in the river that is reduced to a shallow pool, to offer their prayers to the Sun God and to enjoy the sunrise. Chandrabhaga's sacrifice might have been forgotten, but the place which bears her name is remembered as a holy shrine and as the place of the Rising Sun. It continues to inspire religious and meditative activities. It has been a big hunting-ground for poets, artists and lovers. A moment's pause at Chandrabhaga is believed to be a great",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15182774",
"chunk_text": "\"Chakra River\"\nChakra River The Chakra River is a river flowing through Kundapur and Gungolli in western India. It joins with the Souparnika River, Varahi River and Kubja River known as Panchagangavali river and merges into the Arabian Sea. The Chakra nagar is a small town which is famous because of this river.Chakranagar is on the way to Shivamogga from Mangaluru via Mastikatte,Nagara .There is also a Chakra dam which was built long ago as a balancing reservoir and does not have sluice gate to the Linganamakki Dam and you need special permission to visit this dam.The Chakra Dam was a KPC",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19296349",
"chunk_text": "\"Bhadra River\"\nBhadra River The Bhadra River (Kannada: ಭದ್ರಾ ನದಿ) is a river in Karnataka state in southern India. The Bhadra originates at Gangamoola near Kudremukha, Western Ghats range, and flows east across the southern part of Deccan Plateau, joined by its tributaries the Somavahini near Hebbe, Thadabehalla, and Odirayanahalla. It flows through the towns of Kudremukh, Kalasa, Horanadu, Balehonnur, Balehole and Narasimharajapura(N.R Pura). A dam is built across the river near Lakkavalli which forms the Bhadra reservoir (186 ft). From here the river continues its journey through the city of Bhadravathi, Karnataka. The Bhadra meets the Tunga River at Koodli, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20627762",
"chunk_text": "Vishnuprayag\nVishnuprayag Vishnuprayag is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River, and lies at the confluence of Alaknanda River and Dhauliganga River, in Chamoli district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is located at . Its original name is Vishnuprayāg. It has an average elevation of 1,372 metres. The Alaknanda River, which originates in the eastern slopes of glacier fields of Chaukhamba, is joined by the Saraswathi River near Mana, and then flows in front of the Badrinath temple. It then meets the Dhauli Ganga River, which originates from the Niti Pass, to form the Vishnuprayag. This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15182775",
"chunk_text": "\"Chakra River\"\nproject and the chief engineer was B Seetharam. Chakra River The Chakra River is a river flowing through Kundapur and Gungolli in western India. It joins with the Souparnika River, Varahi River and Kubja River known as Panchagangavali river and merges into the Arabian Sea. The Chakra nagar is a small town which is famous because of this river.Chakranagar is on the way to Shivamogga from Mangaluru via Mastikatte,Nagara .There is also a Chakra dam which was built long ago as a balancing reservoir and does not have sluice gate to the Linganamakki Dam and you need special permission to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16166958",
"chunk_text": "\"Athkheliya Namghar\"\nAthkheliya Namghar Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar or Sri Sri Athkhelia Namghar () is a prominent pilgrimage place of Assam and North Eastern India. It is located at Bosa Gaon, Golaghat, Assam. It is located at the place where the rivers Ghiladhari, Matrang and Kakodonga meet. The name comes from the eight \"\"kuris\"\" nearby it, this forms the word \"\"athkuriya\"\", which later on became athkheliya. Ahom king Gada Pani constructed it in the year 1681 AD. Before the year 1970, it was officially called Sri Sri Athkheliya 'Hori Mandir' (Vishnu temple), but later on, it became Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar due",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1926110",
"chunk_text": "\"Manas River\"\nManas River The Manas River (Pron: ˈmʌnəs; in Bhutan Drangme Chhu; in China Niamjang) is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan and India. It is named after Manasa, the serpent god in Hindu mythology. It is the largest river system of Bhutan, among its four major river systems; the other three are Amo Chu or Torsa river, Wong Chu or Raidak, Mo Chu or Sankosh. It is met by three other major streams before it again debouches into India in western Assam. The total length of the river is , flows through Bhutan for and then",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19157632",
"chunk_text": "\"Nag River\"\nNag River The Nag River is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra, India. It is known for providing the etymology for the name Nagpur. Forming a part of the Kanhan-Pench river system, the Nag River originates in Ambazari Lake or may be lava village near to wadi and joins the Pioli River before pouring into the Kanhan River. Recently, various efforts have been made to restore the river to the city's heritage list from which it was removed in 2001. The river serves as drainage for Nagpur and as a result its ecosystem is heavily polluted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_840
|
who took part in the american civil war?
|
n/a
|
[
"nationalists of the Union"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6735688",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nAmerican Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14677426",
"chunk_text": "\"Native Americans in the American Civil War\"\nNative Americans in the American Civil War The American Civil War saw Native American individuals, bands, tribes, and nations participate in numerous skirmishes and battles. Native Americans served in both the Union and Confederate military during the American Civil War. They were found in the Eastern, Western, and Trans-Mississippi Theaters. At the outbreak of the war, for example, the majority of the Cherokees sided with the Union, but soon after allied with the Confederacy. Native Americans fought knowing they might jeopardize their sovereignty, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5102613",
"chunk_text": "\"Union (American Civil War)\"\nUnion (American Civil War) During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it. The Union was opposed by 11 southern slave states (or 13, according to the Southern view and one western territory) that formed the Confederate States of America, also known as \"\"the Confederacy\"\" or \"\"the South\"\". All of the Union's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042943",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nStates in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery. Among the 34 U.S. states in February 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the country and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy grew to include eleven states, all of them slaveholding. The Confederate States was never diplomatically recognized by the government of the United States or by that of any foreign country. The states that remained loyal to the U.S. were known as the Union. The Union and Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7346060",
"chunk_text": "\"President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers\"\nPresident Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers On April 15, 1861, at the start of the American Civil War, the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, called for a 75,000-man militia to serve for three months following the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter. Some slave states refused to send troops against the neighboring Deep South slave states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas with the result that most such states in the Upper South of Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee also declared secession from the United States and joined the Confederate States, Missouri and Kentucky did",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7223550",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the American Civil War\"\nit has been used by the overwhelming majority of reference books, scholarly journals, dictionaries, encyclopedias, popular histories, and mass media in the United States since the early 20th century. The National Park Service, the government organization entrusted by the United States Congress to preserve the battlefields of the war, uses this term. Writings of prominent men such as Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman, P.G.T. Beauregard, Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Judah P. Benjamin used the term \"\"Civil War\"\" during the conflict. Abraham Lincoln used it on multiple occasions. In 1862, the United States Supreme Court",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16883395",
"chunk_text": "\"Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War\"\nThey were Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas. After the Confederates attacked and captured Fort Sumter, President Lincoln called for volunteers to march south and suppress the rebellion. This pushed the four other Upper South States (Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas) also to secede. These states completed the formation of the Confederate States of America. Their addition to the Confederacy ensured a war would be prolonged and bloody because they contributed territory and soldiers. Several small skirmishes and battles as well as bloody riots in St. Louis and Baltimore took place in the early months of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10648286",
"chunk_text": "\"Origins of the American Civil War\"\nthe Deep South, whose riverfront or coastal economies were all based on cotton cultivated using slave labor. They formed the Confederate States of America after Lincoln was elected, but before he took office. Nationalists (in the North and \"\"Unionists\"\" in the South) refused to recognize the declarations of secession. No foreign country's government ever recognized the Confederacy. The U.S. government under President James Buchanan refused to relinquish its forts that were in territory claimed by the Confederacy. The war itself began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter, a major U.S. fortress in the harbor of Charleston,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6735697",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nWar was among the earliest industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships and iron-clad ships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed the impact of industrialization in World War I, World War II and subsequent conflicts. It remains the deadliest war in American history. From 1861 to 1865, it is estimated that 620,000 to 750,000 soldiers died, along with an undetermined number of civilians. By one estimate, the war claimed the lives of 10 percent of all Northern men 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9598409",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nhis Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865, at the McLean House. In an untraditional gesture and as a sign of Grant's respect and anticipation of peacefully restoring Confederate states to the Union, Lee was permitted to keep his sword and his horse, Traveller. On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer. Lincoln died early the next morning, and Andrew Johnson became the president. Meanwhile, Confederate forces across the South surrendered as news of Lee's surrender reached them. On April 26, 1865, General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered nearly 90,000 men of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10648284",
"chunk_text": "\"Origins of the American Civil War\"\nOrigins of the American Civil War Historians debating the origins of the American Civil War focus on the reasons why seven Southern states declared their secession from the United States (the Union), why they united to form the Confederate States of America (simply known as the \"\"Confederacy\"\"), and why the North refused to let them go. While most historians agree that conflicts over slavery caused the war, they disagree sharply regarding which kinds of conflict—ideological, economic, political, or social—were most important. The primary catalyst for secession was slavery, most immediately the political battle over the right of Southerners to bring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13835041",
"chunk_text": "\"Confederate States Army\"\nConfederate States Army The Confederate States Army (C.S.A.) was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the United States forces. On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican–American War. He had also been a United States Senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12114376",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1849–1865)\"\nissue of slavery in the territories with a pro-slavery ruling in \"\"Dred Scott v. Sandford\"\" that angered the North. After the 1860 election of Republican Abraham Lincoln, seven Southern states declared their secession from the United States between late 1860 and 1861, establishing a rebel government, the Confederate States of America on February 9, 1861. The Civil War began when Confederate General Pierre Beauregard opened fire upon Union troops at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Four more states seceded as Lincoln called for troops to fight an insurrection. The next four years were the darkest in American history as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042948",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nto slavery, reaffirming, \"\"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.\"\" After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on \"\"King Cotton\"\" that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6735690",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\ncourse of four years. Intense combat left 620,000 to 750,000 people dead, more than the number of U.S. military deaths in all other wars combined. The war ended when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House. Confederate generals throughout the southern states followed suit. Much of the South's infrastructure was destroyed, especially the transportation systems. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and four million black slaves were freed. During the Reconstruction Era that followed the war, national unity was slowly restored, the national government expanded its power, and civil rights",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6043008",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nof the Appalachian Mountains, including the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, and the coastal fortifications and seaports of North Carolina. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan took command of the Union Army of the Potomac on July 26 (he was briefly general-in-chief of all the Union armies, but was subsequently relieved of that post in favor of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck), and the war began in earnest in 1862. The 1862 Union strategy called for simultaneous advances along four axes: The primary Confederate force in the Eastern theater was the Army of Northern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5189896",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nup a new nation, the Confederate States of America (Confederacy), on February 8, 1861. It attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. Army fort in South Carolina, thus igniting the war. When Lincoln called for troops to suppress the Confederacy in April 1861, four more states seceded and joined the Confederacy. A few of the (northernmost) \"\"slave states\"\" did not secede and became known as the border states; these were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. During the war, the northwestern portion of Virginia seceded from the Confederacy. and became the new Union state of West Virginia. West Virginia is usually associated with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576757",
"chunk_text": "\"Union (American Civil War)\"\nseparated from Virginia and became part of the Union during the war, on June 20, 1863. Nevada also joined the Union during the war, becoming a state on October 31, 1864. The Union controlled territories in April 1861 were: The Indian Territory saw its own civil war, as the major tribes held slaves and endorsed the Confederacy. Union (American Civil War) During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8564840",
"chunk_text": "\"Slavery during the American Civil War\"\nSlavery during the American Civil War Slavery played the central role during the American Civil War. The primary catalyst for secession was slavery, especially Southern political leaders' resistance to attempts by Northern antislavery political forces to block the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Slave life went through great changes, as the South saw Union Armies take control of broad areas of land. During and before the war, slaves played an active role in their own emancipation, and thousands of slaves escaped from bondage during the war. On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation, making",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042988",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\njoin was not enough. Both sides used a draft law—conscription—as a device to encourage or force volunteering; relatively few were drafted and served. The Confederacy passed a draft law in April 1862 for young men aged 18 to 35; overseers of slaves, government officials, and clergymen were exempt. The U.S. Congress followed in July, authorizing a militia draft within a state when it could not meet its quota with volunteers. European immigrants joined the Union Army in large numbers, including 177,000 born in Germany and 144,000 born in Ireland. When the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect in January 1863, ex-slaves",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9354675",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert E. Lee\"\nRobert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was an American and Confederate soldier, best known as a commander of the Confederate States Army. He commanded the Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. A son of Revolutionary War officer Henry \"\"Light Horse Harry\"\" Lee III, Lee was a top graduate of the United States Military Academy and an exceptional officer and military engineer in the United States Army for 32 years. During this time, he served throughout the United States, distinguished himself during the Mexican–American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7223547",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the American Civil War\"\nNames of the American Civil War The American Civil War has been known by a number of names since it began in 1861. These names reflect the historical, political, and cultural sensitivities and agendas of different groups and regions. The most common name in modern American usage is simply \"\"The Civil War\"\". Although used rarely during the war, the term \"\"War Between the States\"\" became widespread afterward in the Southern United States. During and immediately after the war, historians often used the term \"\"War of the Rebellion\"\" or \"\"Great Rebellion\"\", while the Confederate term was \"\"War for Southern Independence\"\". The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14677427",
"chunk_text": "\"Native Americans in the American Civil War\"\n28,693 Native Americans served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Many Native American tribes fought for either side in the war including: the Delaware, Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Kickapoo, Osage, Shawnee, Choctaw, Lumbee, Chickasaw, Iroquois Confederacy, Powhatan, Pequot, Ojibwe (Chippewa), Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, Catawba, and Pamunkey. Like other American communities, some tribes had members fighting on either side of the war. During November 1861, the Creek, Black Creek Indians, and White Creek Indians of their tribe were led",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5193635",
"chunk_text": "\"Second American Civil War\"\nSecond American Civil War The American Civil War took place between 1861 and 1865, after which the Union was preserved. Rhetorical or hyperbolic references to a potential Second American Civil War have since been made on a number of occasions throughout the history of the United States. Some historians name the 1861–1865 war as the \"\"Second American Civil War\"\", since the American Revolutionary War could be considered a (since the term can refer to any war to separate one political body from another). They then refer to the Independence War, which resulted in the separation of the Thirteen Colonies from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4548004",
"chunk_text": "\"Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps\"\nwhen U.S. Postal Service issued its most ambitious commemorative of the Civil War to date in photogravure sheets of 120 in six panes of 20. The four events pictured were Battle of Hampton Roads between the \"\"Monitor\"\" and \"\"Merrimac\"\" (\"\"Virginia\"\"), Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Chancellorsville and Battle of Gettysburg. Presidents included Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln. Union officers included Ulysses S. Grant, David Farragut, Winfield Hancock, and William T. Sherman. Confederate officers included Robert E. Lee, Raphael Semmes, Stand Watie, Joseph E. Johnston and \"\"Stonewall\"\" Jackson. Civilians included Clara Barton, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Mary Chestnut, and Phoebe Pember.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5102617",
"chunk_text": "\"Union (American Civil War)\"\nsoldiers were volunteers, although after 1862 many volunteered in order to escape the draft and to take advantage of generous cash bounties on offer from states and localities. Draft resistance was notable in some larger cities, especially New York City with its massive anti-draft riots of July 1863 and in some remote districts such as the coal mining areas of Pennsylvania. In the context of the American Civil War, the Union is sometimes referred to as \"\"the North\"\", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was \"\"the South\"\". The Union never recognized the legitimacy of the Confederacy's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429825",
"chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\nStates as they are today. [[File:Gettysburg by Britton.ogg|left|thumb|Modern recording of [[Gettysburg Address]] originally spoken by [[President of the United States|U.S President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]]]] [[File:Thure de Thulstrup - L. Prang and Co. - Battle of Gettysburg - Restoration by Adam Cuerden 0.5.jpg|left|thumb|[[Battle of Gettysburg]] – Restoration by Adam Cuerden 0.5]] The American Civil War began when seven [[Slave state|Southern slave states]] declared their [[secession]] from the U.S. and formed the [[Confederate States of America]], the Confederacy (four more states joinged the Confederacy later). Led by [[Jefferson Davis]], they fought against the [[Union (American Civil War)|U.S. federal government (the Union)]] under President",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8353086",
"chunk_text": "\"Confederate States of America\"\nConfederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy and the South, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865. The Confederacy was originally formed by seven secessionist slave-holding states—South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas—in the Lower South region of the United States, whose economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves. Each state declared its secession from the United States, which became known as the Union during the ensuing civil",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10307896",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\naction involving steam-powered ironclad warships in naval warfare history. Repeating firearms such as the Henry rifle, Spencer rifle, Colt revolving rifle, Triplett & Scott carbine and others, first appeared during the Civil War; they were a revolutionary invention that would soon replace muzzle-loading and single-shot firearms in warfare, as well as the first appearances of rapid-firing weapons and machine guns such as the Agar gun and the Gatling gun. General reference Union Confederacy Ethnic articles Topical articles National articles State articles Memorials American Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8353087",
"chunk_text": "\"Confederate States of America\"\nwar, following the November 1860 election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. presidency on a platform which opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Before Lincoln took office in March, a new Confederate government was established in February 1861, which was considered illegal by the government of the United States. States volunteered militia units and the new government hastened to form its own Confederate States Army from scratch practically overnight. After the American Civil War began in April, four slave states of the Upper South—Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina—also declared their secession and joined the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11015325",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nto control Indian Territory and New Mexico Territory for the Union. The Battle of Glorieta Pass was the decisive battle of the New Mexico Campaign. The Union repulsed Confederate incursions into New Mexico in 1862, and the exiled Arizona government withdrew into Texas. In the Indian Territory, civil war broke out within tribes. About 12,000 Indian warriors fought for the Confederacy, and smaller numbers for the Union. The most prominent Cherokee was Brigadier General Stand Watie, the last Confederate general to surrender. After the fall of Vicksburg in July 1863, General Kirby Smith in Texas was informed by Jefferson Davis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5026578",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia in the American Civil War\"\nVirginia in the American Civil War The Commonwealth of Virginia became a prominent part of the Confederate States of America when it joined the Confederacy during the American Civil War. As a Southern slave-holding state, Virginia held a state convention to deal with the secession crisis, and voted against secession on April 4, 1861. Opinion shifted after April 15, when U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called for troops from all states still in the Union to put down the rebellion, following the capture of Fort Sumter, and the Virginia convention voted to declare secession from the Union. A Unionist government was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "384657",
"chunk_text": "\"Maryland in the American Civil War\"\nMaryland in the American Civil War During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Because of its strategic location, bordering the national capital city of Washington D.C. with its District of Columbia since 1790, and the strong desire of the opposing factions within the state to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the American Civil War (1861-1865). Newly elected 16th President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865, served 1861-1865), suspended the constitutional right of \"\"habeas corpus\"\" in Maryland; and he dismissed the U.S.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2357937",
"chunk_text": "\"Patrick Cleburne\"\nPatrick Cleburne Patrick Ronayne Cleburne ( ; March 17, 1828 – November 30, 1864) was an Irish and later American soldier, best known for his service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, where he rose to the rank of major general. Born in County Cork, Ireland, Cleburne served in the 41st Regiment of Foot, a Welsh regiment of the British Army, after failing to gain entrance into Trinity College of Medicine in 1846. He immigrated to the United States three years later. At the beginning of the Civil War, Cleburne sided with the Confederate States. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20227589",
"chunk_text": "\"Mexican–American War\"\nUlysses S. Grant, George B. McClellan, William T. Sherman, George Meade, and Ambrose Burnside. Military men who joined the Southern secessionists of the Confederate States of America were Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, Joseph E. Johnston, Braxton Bragg, Sterling Price, and the future Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Both sides had leaders with significant experience in active combat in strategy and tactics, likely shaping ways the Civil War conflict played out. President Ulysses S. Grant, who as a young army lieutenant had served in Mexico under General Taylor, recalled in his \"\"Memoirs\"\", published in 1885, that: Grant also expressed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13835722",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nforces in the Western theater were the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of the Cumberland, named for the two rivers, the Tennessee River and Cumberland River. After Meade's inconclusive fall campaign, Lincoln turned to the Western Theater for new leadership. At the same time, the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg surrendered, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River, permanently isolating the western Confederacy, and producing the new leader Lincoln needed, Ulysses S. Grant. The primary Confederate force in the Western theater was the Army of Tennessee. The army was formed on November 20, 1862, when General Braxton Bragg",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1189766",
"chunk_text": "\"Origins of the American Civil War\"\nbattle began the American Civil War, as an overwhelming demand for war swept both the North and South, with only Kentucky attempting to remain neutral. According to Adam Goodheart (2011), the modern meaning of the American flag was also forged in the defense of Fort Sumter. Thereafter, the flag was used throughout the North to symbolize American nationalism and rejection of secessionism. Abraham Lincoln's rejection of the Crittenden Compromise, the failure to secure the ratification of the Corwin amendment in 1861, and the inability of the Washington Peace Conference of 1861 to provide an effective alternative to Crittenden and Corwin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9523139",
"chunk_text": "\"Richmond in the American Civil War\"\nRichmond in the American Civil War Richmond, Virginia, served as the capital of the Confederate States of America for almost the whole of the American Civil War. It was a vital source of weapons and supplies for the war effort, and the terminus of five railroads. The Union made many attempts to invade Richmond. In the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, General George McClellan moved up the James River, almost to the suburbs of the city, but was beaten back by Robert E. Lee in the Seven Days Battles. In 1864-5, General U.S. Grant laid siege to nearby Petersburg, whose evacuation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14716133",
"chunk_text": "\"Confederate States of America\"\narmed forces of the Confederacy comprised three branches: Army, Navy and Marine Corps. The Confederate military leadership included many veterans from the United States Army and United States Navy who had resigned their Federal commissions and had won appointment to senior positions in the Confederate armed forces. Many had served in the Mexican–American War (including Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis), but some such as Leonidas Polk (who graduated from West Point but did not serve in the Army) had little or no experience. The Confederate officer corps consisted of men from both slave-owning and non-slave-owning families. The Confederacy appointed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6735713",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nHouse of Representatives, were now facing a future as a perpetual minority in the Senate and Electoral College against an increasingly powerful North. Before Lincoln took office in March 1861, seven slave states had declared their secession and joined to form the Confederacy. According to Lincoln, the people had shown that they can be successful in \"\"establishing\"\" and \"\"administering\"\" a republic, but a third challenge faced the nation, \"\"maintaining\"\" a republic based on the people's vote against an attempt to overthrow it. The election of Lincoln caused the legislature of South Carolina to call a state convention to consider secession.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16077899",
"chunk_text": "\"Arkansas in the American Civil War\"\nArkansas in the American Civil War During the American Civil War, Arkansas was a Confederate state, though it had initially voted to remain in the Union. Following the capture of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Abraham Lincoln called for troops from every Union state to put down the rebellion, and Arkansas and several other states seceded. For the rest of the war, Arkansas played a major role in controlling the vital Mississippi River and neighboring states, including Tennessee and Missouri. It raised 48 infantry regiments, 20 artillery batteries, and over 20 cavalry regiments for the Confederacy, mostly serving in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13407013",
"chunk_text": "\"Military history of the United States\"\nnational capital. The peace terms involved American purchase of the area from California to New Mexico for $10 million. Long-building tensions between the Northern and Southern States over slavery suddenly reached a climax after the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln of the new anti-slavery Republican Party as U.S. President. Southern states seceded from the U.S. and formed a separate Confederacy. Within the Confederate states, many U.S. forts with garrisons still loyal to the Union were cut off. Fighting started in 1861 when Fort Sumter was fired upon. The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared. Neither the North's small standing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10563996",
"chunk_text": "Virginia\nBattle of Fort Sumter and Abraham Lincoln's call for volunteers. On April 24, Virginia joined the Confederate States of America, which chose Richmond as its capital. After the 1861 Wheeling Convention, 48 counties in the northwest separated to form a new state of West Virginia, which chose to remain loyal to the Union. Virginian general Robert E. Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862, and led invasions into Union territory, ultimately becoming commander of all Confederate forces. During the war, more battles were fought in Virginia than anywhere else, including Bull Run, the Seven Days Battles,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042980",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nfort and other federal properties. The scale of the rebellion appeared to be small, so he called for only 75,000 volunteers for 90 days. The governor of Massachusetts had state regiments on trains headed south the next day. In western Missouri, local secessionists seized Liberty Arsenal. On May 3, 1861, Lincoln called for an additional 42,000 volunteers for a period of three years. Four states in the middle and upper South had repeatedly rejected Confederate overtures, but now Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and North Carolina refused to send forces against their neighbors, declared their secession, and joined the Confederacy. To reward",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042970",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\nNorthern states were not fulfilling their federal obligations under the Constitution. The \"\"cotton states\"\" of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed suit, seceding in January and February 1861. Among the ordinances of secession passed by the individual states, those of three—Texas, Alabama, and Virginia—specifically mentioned the plight of the \"\"slaveholding states\"\" at the hands of northern abolitionists. The rest make no mention of the slavery issue, and are often brief announcements of the dissolution of ties by the legislatures. However, at least four states—South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, and Texas—also passed lengthy and detailed explanations of their causes for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "615975",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War reenactment\"\nAmerican Civil War reenactment American Civil War reenactment is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular battle or other event associated with the American Civil War by hobbyists known (in the United States) as Civil War reenactors, or living historians. Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland. Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the real fighting had ended. Civil War veterans recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "386824",
"chunk_text": "\"South Carolina in the American Civil War\"\nSouth Carolina in the American Civil War South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861 is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. South Carolina was a source of troops for the Confederate army, and as the war progressed, also for the Union, as thousands of ex-slaves flocked to join the Union. The state also provided uniforms, textiles, food, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042985",
"chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\n48 counties to vote on an ordinance to create a new state on October 24, 1861. A voter turnout of 34 percent approved the statehood bill (96 percent approving). The inclusion of 24 secessionist counties in the state and the ensuing guerrilla war engaged about 40,000 Federal troops for much of the war. Congress admitted West Virginia to the Union on June 20, 1863. West Virginia provided about 20,000–22,000 soldiers to both the Confederacy and the Union. A Unionist secession attempt occurred in East Tennessee, but was suppressed by the Confederacy, which arrested over 3,000 men suspected of being loyal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16205317",
"chunk_text": "\"German Americans in the American Civil War\"\nGerman Americans in the American Civil War German-Americans were the largest ethnic contingent to fight for the Union in the American Civil War. More than 200,000 native Germans served in the Union Army, notably from New York, Wisconsin, and Ohio. Thousands also served in the Confederacy, being primarily descended from Pennsylvania German ancestors who had migrated to the Carolinas in the 18th century and early 19th century, along with Swabian, Swiss, and Austrian immigrants who arrived directly in the South. Approximately 516,000 Union soldiers, or 23.4% of all Union soldiers, were immigrants; about 216,000 of these were born in Germany.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10648285",
"chunk_text": "\"Origins of the American Civil War\"\nslavery into western territory that had hitherto been free under the terms of the Missouri Compromise or while part of Mexico. Another factor for secession and the formation of the Confederacy, was white Southern nationalism. The primary reason for the North to reject secession was to preserve the Union, a cause based on American nationalism. Most of the debate is about the first question, as to why some southern states decided to secede. Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election without being on the ballot in ten Southern states. His victory triggered declarations of secession by seven slave states of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_841
|
when was the national flag of india adopted?
|
n/a
|
[
"15 August 1947",
"22 July 1947"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583076",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nFlag of India The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term \"\"tricolour\"\" () almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the ' flag,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583117",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\ntowards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre. Flag of India The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583099",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\napproved unanimously. It served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, and has served as the flag of the Republic of India since then. The design and manufacturing process for the national flag is regulated by three documents issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). All of the flags are made out of khadi cloth of silk or cotton. The standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008. Nine standard sizes of the flag are specified by law. In 1951, after India became a republic, the Indian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583096",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nand based on directives from England, the British Indian government threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display of the \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag. The \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag became the official flag of Congress at the 1931 meeting. However, by then, the flag had already become the symbol of the independence movement. A few days before India gained its independence in August 1947, the Constituent Assembly was formed. To select a flag for independent India, on 23 June 1947, the assembly set up an \"\"ad hoc\"\" committee headed by Rajendra Prasad and including Maulana Abul Kalam",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583097",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nAzad, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, K. M. Munshi and B. R. Ambedkar as its members. On 14 July 1947, the committee recommended that the flag of the Indian National Congress be adopted as the National Flag of India with suitable modifications, so as to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. It was also resolved that the flag should not have any communal undertones. The spinning wheel of the Congress flag was replaced by the \"\"Chakra\"\" (wheel) from the Lion Capital of Ashoka. According to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the \"\"chakra\"\" was chosen as it was representative of \"\"dharma\"\" and law.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12706164",
"chunk_text": "\"State Emblem of India\"\nState Emblem of India The State Emblem of India, as the national emblem of India is called, is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath, preserved in the Sarnath Museum near Varanasi, India. A representation of Lion Capital of Ashoka was initially adopted as the emblem of the Dominion of India in December 1947. The current version of the emblem was officially adopted on 26 January 1950, the day that India became a republic. In 1947, as the date of independence for India and Pakistan approached, Jawaharlal Nehru gave charge of finding a suitable national emblem to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583080",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nstandard IS:1803-1973. Note that the values given in the table correspond to CIE 1931 color space. Approximate RGB values for use may be taken to be: India saffron #FF9933, white #FFFFFF, India green #138808, navy blue #000080. Pantone values closest to this are 130 U, White, 2258 C and 2735 C. Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing. The design was then modified to include a white stripe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "284992",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag code of India\"\nwith the honour and dignity of the flag,\"\" The Flag Code of India has been divided into three parts:- The National flag of India is officially described in the Flag Code of India as follows: \"\"The colour of the top panel shall be India saffron (Kesari) and that of the bottom panel shall be India green. The middle panel shall be white, bearing at its centre the design of Ashoka Chakra in navy blue colour with 24 equally spaced spokes.\"\" It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583098",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nHowever, Jawaharlal Nehru explained that the change was more practical in nature, as unlike the flag with the spinning wheel, this design would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by the change, but eventually came around to accepting it. The flag was proposed by Nehru at the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron, white and dark green in equal proportions, with the Ashoka wheel in blue in the centre of the white band. Nehru also presented two flags, one in Khadi-silk and the other in Khadi-cotton, to the assembly. The resolution was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583089",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nof the Home Rule Movement. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in Coimbatore banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag. In the early 1920s, national flag discussions gained prominence across most British dominions following the peace treaty between Britain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1466168",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Naval Ensign\"\nthe Royal Indian Navy. The Flag of India has been used since 1947 as the naval jack of the Indian Navy. From 26 January 1950, when India became a republic, until 2001, the Indian Navy used a modified version of the British Naval Ensign, with the Union Flag replaced with the Indian Tricolor in the canton. In 2001, this flag was replaced with a white ensign bearing the Indian Navy crest, as the previous ensign was thought to reflect India's colonial past. However complaints arose that the new ensign was indistinguishable as the blue of the naval crest easily merged",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583095",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\ncomponent of the independence struggle. While Muslims were still wary of the \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag, it gained acceptance among Muslim leaders of the Congress and the Khilafat Movement as the national flag. Detractors of the flag movement, including Motilal Nehru, soon hailed the \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag as a symbol of national unity. Thus, the flag became a significant structural component of the institution of India. In contrast to the subdued responses of the past, the British Indian government took greater cognisance of the new flag, and began to define a policy of response. The British parliament discussed public use of the flag,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6582777",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nin the centre for other religious communities, and provide a background for the spinning wheel. Subsequently, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, saffron, white and green were chosen for the three bands, representing courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively. A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. A modified version of the \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the \"\"charkha\"\" was replaced by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10511633",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Pakistan\"\nFlag of Pakistan The national flag of Pakistan (, ) was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly on August 11, 1947, just three days before the country's independence, when it became the official flag of the Dominion of Pakistan. It was afterwards retained by the current-day Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The flag is a green field with a white crescent moon and five-rayed star at its centre, and a vertical white stripe at the hoist side. Though the green colour is mandated only as 'dark green', its official and most consistent representation is Pakistan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12706169",
"chunk_text": "\"State Emblem of India\"\nMundaka Upanishad, the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas. State Emblem of India The State Emblem of India, as the national emblem of India is called, is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath, preserved in the Sarnath Museum near Varanasi, India. A representation of Lion Capital of Ashoka was initially adopted as the emblem of the Dominion of India in December 1947. The current version of the emblem was officially adopted on 26 January 1950, the day that India became a republic. In 1947, as the date of independence for India and Pakistan approached, Jawaharlal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583082",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nthe Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President and second President, clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as follows: A number of flags with varying designs were used in the period preceding the Indian Independence Movement by the rulers of different princely states; the idea of a single Indian flag was first raised by the British rulers of India after the rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the establishment of direct imperial rule. The first flag, whose design was based on western heraldic standards, were similar",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583092",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\npeople, white for purity, and green for hope. On 13 April 1923, during a procession by local Congress volunteers in Nagpur commemorating the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Pingali Venkayya, was hoisted. This event resulted in a confrontation between the Congressmen and the police, after which five people were imprisoned. Over a hundred other protesters continued the flag procession after a meeting. Subsequently, on the first of May, Jamnalal Bajaj, the secretary of the Nagpur Congress Committee, started the \"\"Flag Satyagraha\"\", gaining national attention and marking a significant point in the flag movement.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9177445",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Singapore\"\nlight, the team was still able to continue wearing it as competition rules did not permit changing a team's uniform midway through the Games. The team was apologetic over the blunder and promised to tweak the design after that competition. In addition to the national flag and ensigns, there are other flags used for official purposes. Flag of Singapore The national flag of Singapore was adopted in 1959, the year Singapore became self-governing within the British Empire. It was reconfirmed as the national flag when the republic gained independence on 9 August 1965. Prior to its independence, it was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583094",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nthat the movement drew from diverse groups of society including farmers, students, merchants, labourers and \"\"national servants\"\". While Muslim participation was moderate, the movement enthused women, who had hitherto rarely participated in the independence movement. While the flag agitation got its impetus from Gandhi's writings and discourses, the movement received political acceptance following the Nagpur incident. News reports, editorials and letters to editors published in various journals and newspapers of the time attest to the subsequent development of a bond between the flag and the nation. Soon, the concept of preserving the honour of the national flag became an integral",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7452041",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag Satyagraha\"\ncombined the hoisting of the nationalist flag with the technique of \"\"Satyagraha\"\" — non-violent civil disobedience — as pioneered by Mahatma Gandhi. Nationalists were encouraged to violate the law and hoist the flag without resisting arrest or retaliating against police. Flag satyagrahas were one of the most common acts of defiance during the nationalist rebellions led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress throughout the struggle. The nationalist flag was regularly heralded by large processions and nationalist crowds. On 31 December 1929 the Congress concluded the adoption of the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence with Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru hoisting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3565119",
"chunk_text": "\"Star of India (flag)\"\nBlue Ensign was used for military and naval purposes, the Red Ensign was used for representing India in most international events. The Star of India had a sunburst with the words \"\"Heaven's Light Our Guide\"\" around them, and was the badge of the Order of the Star of India, a chivalric order of knighthood. A blue state (government) ensign also existed, and was defaced with a lion holding a Tudor Crown. The Star of India flags were replaced by the Tiranga (Indian Tricolour) after Independence on 15 August 1947 in the independent Dominion of India, and by the Flag of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10511641",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Pakistan\"\nthe national flag is regulated by the Pakistan Flag Rules, which were introduced in 2002 by Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali. The Rules are not available online but there have been instances of misuse such as officials using flags on their vehicles when they are not entitled to do so. The national flag is flown on the official residences and vehicles (cars, boats, planes) of the following public officials: Flag of Pakistan The national flag of Pakistan (, ) was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly on August 11, 1947, just three days before",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583088",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nof the Madras Presidency, wrote to \"\"The Times\"\" of London in the run up to Empire Day pointing out that there existed \"\"no flag representative of India as a whole or any Indian province... Surely this is strange, seeing that but for India there would be no Empire.\"\" In 1916, Pingali Venkayya submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of Madras. These many proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag movement alive. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag as part",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583093",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nThe \"\"satyagraha\"\", promoted nationally by the Congress, started creating cracks within the organisation in which the Gandhians were highly enthused while the other group, the \"\"Swarajists\"\", called it inconsequential. Finally, at the All India Congress Committee meeting in July, 1923, at the insistence of Jawaharlal Nehru and Sarojini Naidu, Congress closed ranks and the flag movement was endorsed. The flag movement was managed by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with the idea of public processions and flag displays by common people. By the end of the movement, over 1500 people had been arrested across all of British India. \"\"The Bombay Chronicle\"\" reported",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583086",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\ntricolour flag included eight white lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and the \"\"Vande Mataram\"\" slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in Calcutta bereft of any ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary governmental or political reports either, but was used at the annual session of the Indian National Congress. A slightly modified version was subsequently used by Madam Bhikaji Cama at the second International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583090",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nand Ireland. In November 1920, the Indian delegation to the League of Nations wanted to use an Indian flag, and this prompted the British Indian government to place renewed emphasis on the flag as a national symbol. In April 1921, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wrote in his journal \"\"Young India\"\" about the need for an Indian flag, proposing a flag with the \"\"charkha\"\" or spinning wheel at the centre. The idea of the spinning wheel was put forth by Lala Hansraj, and Gandhi commissioned Pingali Venkayya to design a flag with the spinning wheel on a red and green banner, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6582773",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nof India and other laws relating to the national emblems. The original code prohibited use of the flag by private citizens except on national days such as the Independence day and the Republic Day. In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, Naveen Jindal, the Supreme Court of India directed the Government of India to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the Union Cabinet of India amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12984167",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag code of India\"\nit became the official flag of the Dominion of India. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term \"\"tricolour\"\" (, Tirangā) almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the \"\"Swaraj\"\" flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. Khadi or hand-spun cloth is the only material allowed to be used for the flag, and flying a flag made of any other material is punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, besides a fine. Raw materials for khadi are restricted to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583100",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nStandards Institute (now the BIS) brought out the first official specifications for the flag. These were revised in 1964 to conform to the metric system which was adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 17 August 1968. The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and hemp cordage. The guidelines are covered under civil and criminal laws and defects in the manufacturing process can result in punishments that include fines or jail terms. Khadi or hand-spun cloth is the only material allowed to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6582805",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nof the flag by private citizens, arguing that hoisting the national flag with due decorum and honour was his right as a citizen, and a way of expressing his love for the country. At the end of the appeals process, the case was heard by the Supreme Court of India; the court ruled in Jindal's favour, asking the Government of India to consider the matter. The Union Cabinet of India then amended the Indian Flag Code with effect from 26 January 2002, allowing private citizens to hoist the flag on any day of the year, subject to their safeguarding the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11422207",
"chunk_text": "\"Purna Swaraj\"\nPurna Swaraj The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or \"\"complete self-rule\"\" independent of the British Empire (literally in Sanskrit, \"\"purna\"\" (), \"\"complete\"\", \"\"swa\"\" (), \"\"self,\"\" \"\"raj\"\" (), \"\"rule,\"\" thus \"\"complete self-rule\"\"). The flag of India was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 December 1929 on the banks of Ravi river, in Lahore, modern-day Pakistan. The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26th of January as Independence Day. The flag of India",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18633280",
"chunk_text": "\"Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh\"\nHayat Tiwana, the premier of the ruling Unionist Party, a party that represented the interests of the landed gentry and landlords of Punjab, which included Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs. Along with the RSS, the Muslim National Guard was also banned. The ban was lifted on 28January 1947. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh initially did not recognise the Tricolor as the National Flag of India. The RSS -inspired publication, the \"\"Organiser\"\", demanded, in an editorial titled \"\"National Flag\"\", that the \"\"Bhagwa Dhwaj\"\" (Saffron Flag) be adopted as the National Flag of India. After the Tricolor was adopted as the National Flag by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14342176",
"chunk_text": "\"Calcutta Flag\"\nCalcutta Flag The Calcutta Flag was one of the first unofficial flags of India. It was designed by Sachindra Prasad Bose and Hemchandra Kanungo and unfurled on 7 August 1906 at Parsi Bagan Square (Grish Park), Calcutta. The flag had three horizontal bands of equal width with the top being orange, the centre yellow and the bottom green in colour. It had eight half-opened lotus flowers on the top stripe representing the eight provinces of India and a picture of the sun and a crescent moon on the bottom stripe. वन्दे मातरम् (\"\"Vande Mataram\"\", meaning \"\"I do homage to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13082416",
"chunk_text": "\"National symbols of Pakistan\"\ndesigned by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, and was based on the original flag of the Muslim League. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 11 August 1947, just days before independence. The flag is referred to in the national anthem as \"\"Parcham-e-Sitāra-o-Hilāl\"\" in Urdu (\"\"lit.\"\" Flag of the Crescent and Star). The flag comprises a dark green field, representing the Muslim majority of Pakistan, with a vertical white stripe in the hoist, representing religious minorities. In the centre is a white crescent moon, representing progress, and a white five-pointed star, representing light and knowledge. The flag",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18821181",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Naval Ensign\"\nIndian Naval Ensign The Indian Naval Ensign (also known as the Indian White Ensign) is a naval ensign used by ships of the Indian Navy. The blue ensign of the Star of India was used from 1879–1928 as the naval ensign of Her Majesty's Indian Marine (1879-1892) and then the Royal Indian Marine (1892-1928). It then became the naval jack and was used from 1928–1947 by the Royal Indian Marine (1928-1934) and then the Royal Indian Navy (1934-1950). The white ensign of the Royal Navy was used from 1928–1950 as the naval ensign of the Royal Indian Marine and then",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13082411",
"chunk_text": "\"National symbols of Pakistan\"\nsite where the Lahore Resolution was passed. The national flag was adopted just before independence was achieved on 14 August 1947. The national anthem and the state emblem were each adopted in 1954. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree. The Lahore Resolution (\"\"Qarardad-e-Lahore\"\")) (), also known as the Pakistan Resolution, was a formal political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League at the occasion of its three-day general session on 22–24 March 1940 at Minto Park (now Iqbal Park), Lahore. The resolution called for greater Muslim autonomy in British India and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583105",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\ncan the flag be sold. Display and usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002 (successor to the Flag Code – India, the original flag code); the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971. Insults to the national flag, including gross affronts or indignities to it, as well as using it in a manner so as to violate the provisions of the Flag Code, are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or both. Official regulation states that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9151230",
"chunk_text": "\"Fort St. George, India\"\nOriginal letters written by Clive and Cornwallis make fascinating reading. One set of quaint period uniforms is displayed for viewing, as well. However, the \"\"piece de resistance\"\" is a large statue of Lord Cornwallis. The National Flag of India was designed by Pingali Venkayya and adopted in its present form during the meeting of Constituent Assembly held on the 22 July 1947, a few days before India's independence from the British on 15 August 1947. The first ever flown flag after the independence is stored in 3rd floor of the museum. Public are allowed to see but not to touch",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9583085",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nthat were in vogue included the Ganesha, advocated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Kali, advocated by Aurobindo Ghosh and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Another symbol was the cow, or \"\"Gau Mata\"\" (cow mother). However, all these symbols were Hindu-centric and did not suggest unity with India's Muslim population. The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction of a new flag representing the Indian independence movement that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country. The \"\"Vande Mataram\"\" flag, part of the Swadeshi movement against the British, comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6096856",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India at Central Park, Connaught Place\"\nFlag of India at Central Park, Connaught Place Tiranga, the national flag of India was hoisted for the first time on 7 March 2014 at Central Park, Connaught Place. At the time it was the longest and largest Indian flag in the world. This title was later claimed by Indian flags at Cuttack followed by at Mumbai, Bhopal, Pune, Raipur, Hyderabad, Ranchi, Kolhapur, Attari and at last presently at Belagavi (with height of pole being 110 metre) on 12 March 2018. The flag is located at the centre of the Central Park, encircled by Inner Circle Rd, which is listed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432841",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Azad Kashmir\"\nFlag of Azad Kashmir The flag of Azad Kashmir () is the state flag representing the territory of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. It features a green background, four horizontal white stripes alternating with green, a star and crescent on the upper fly, and a golden canton on the upper hoist. The flag was adopted on 24 September 1975 via the Azad Jammu and Kashmir State Flag Ordinance, passed by founding President Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan. It was designed by Abdul Haq Mirza, a retired lieutenant-colonel who also created the formation signs of the Azad Kashmir Regular Force. The flag symbolises",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11669376",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Bangladesh\"\nthe National Parade Ground in Dhaka's Sher-e-Bangla Nagar and created a \"\"human flag\"\" which was recorded in \"\"Guinness World Records\"\" as the world's largest human national flag. Flag of Bangladesh The national flag of Bangladesh ( ) was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It consists of a red disc on top of a green field, offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. The red disc represents the sun rising over Bengal, and also the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field stands for the lushness",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6582772",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\na flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. By law, the flag is to be made of \"\"\"\", a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, made popular by Mahatma Gandhi. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, who allocates it to regional groups. As of 2009, the Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha has been the sole manufacturer of the flag. Usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "284991",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag code of India\"\n2002, took effect from January 26, 2002 and superseded the “Flag Code-India” as it existed earlier. Earlier, the display of the national flag is governed by the provisions of \"\" The Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act\"\", 1950 (No.12 of 1950) and the \"\"[Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act]\"\", 1971 (No. 69 of 1971.The Flag Code of India, 2002, is an attempt to bring together all such laws, conventions, practices and instructions for the guidance and benefit of all concerned.Advocate B M Birajdar said, \"\"The Flag Code of India 2002 permits unrestricted display of the tricolour, consistent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12655617",
"chunk_text": "\"National flag\"\nThe Netherlands introduced two national flags in 1813 (either an orange-white-blue or a red-white-blue tricolour; the final decision in favour of red was made in 1937). The Ottoman flag (now the flag of Turkey) was adopted in 1844. Other non-European powers followed the trend in the late 19th century, the flag of Japan being introduced in 1870, that of Qing China in 1890. Also in the 19th century, most countries of South America introduced a flag as they became independent (Peru in 1820, Bolivia in 1851, Colombia in 1860, Brazil in 1822, etc.) The national flag is often, but not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14342177",
"chunk_text": "\"Calcutta Flag\"\nmother\"\") was inscribed in the center in Sanskrit. Calcutta Flag The Calcutta Flag was one of the first unofficial flags of India. It was designed by Sachindra Prasad Bose and Hemchandra Kanungo and unfurled on 7 August 1906 at Parsi Bagan Square (Grish Park), Calcutta. The flag had three horizontal bands of equal width with the top being orange, the centre yellow and the bottom green in colour. It had eight half-opened lotus flowers on the top stripe representing the eight provinces of India and a picture of the sun and a crescent moon on the bottom stripe. वन्दे मातरम्",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6582804",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of India\"\nwhich should always be in a proper state of maintenance. The original flag code of India did not allow private citizens to fly the national flag except on national days such as Independence Day or Republic Day. In 2001, Naveen Jindal, an industrialist used to the more egalitarian use of the flag in the United States where he studied, flew the Indian flag on his office building. The flag was confiscated and he was warned of prosecution. Jindal filed a public interest litigation petition in the High Court of Delhi; he sought to strike down the restriction on the use",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10511635",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Pakistan\"\nof the Dominion of Pakistan on 11 August 1947. The government of Pakistan has pronounced rules about the flying of the flag. It is to be displayed at full mast on 23 March of each year, marking the adoption of the Lahore Resolution in the 1940s and the Declaration of the Republic of Pakistan in 1956, and on 14 August in celebration of Independence Day, when Pakistan was carved out from British India as a home for Indian Muslims. The flag of Pakistan is also mentioned in Pakistan's own national anthem in the third verse reading which translates to \"\"\"\"Flag",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7680942",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Sun Flag\"\nJapanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. The ensign, known in Japanese as the , was first adopted as the war flag on May 15, 1870, and was used until the end of World War II in 1945. It was re-adopted on June 30, 1954, and is now used by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) use a variation of the Rising Sun Flag with red, white and gold colors. The Rising Sun Flag has been used as a traditional national symbol of Japan since at least the Edo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20251552",
"chunk_text": "\"Flag of Jammu and Kashmir\"\nKashmir National Conference, a political party. Then on 7 June 1952, a resolution was passed by the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, making it the official flag of the State. Meanwhile, according to the Delhi Agreement between Nehru and Sheikh Abdullah, the flag of India has the same status in Jammu and Kashmir as in the rest of India. Article 144 states that flag of the state shall be rectangular 3:2 format. Its color is red, which originally represented the blood of the martyrs of the 13 July 1931 demonstration, but later came to symbolise workers and labourers. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_842
|
what was the most important new religious figure of the new kingdom of ancient egypt?
|
n/a
|
[
"Aten"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "17583571",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nof Amenhotep III. During the reign of Thutmose III (c. 1479–1425 BC), the term Pharaoh, originally referring to the king's palace, became a form of address for the person who was king. One of the best-known 18th Dynasty pharaohs is Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten in honor of the Aten, a representation of the Egyptian god, Ra. His exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as history's first instance of monotheism. Akhenaten's wife, Nefertiti, contributed a great deal to his new take on the Egyptian religion. Nefertiti was bold enough to perform rituals to Aten. Akhenaten's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14803511",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nMiddle Kingdom, he was eclipsed by the rising popularity of Amun. In this new Egyptian state, personal piety grew more important and was expressed more freely in writing, a trend that continued in the New Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom crumbled in the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 BC), but the country was again reunited by Theban rulers, who became the first pharaohs of the New Kingdom. Under the new regime, Amun became the supreme state god. He was syncretized with Ra, the long-established patron of kingship, and his temple at Karnak in Thebes became Egypt's most important religious center. Amun's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14803512",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nelevation was partly due to the great importance of Thebes, but it was also due to the increasingly professional priesthood. Their sophisticated theological discussion produced detailed descriptions of Amun's universal power. Increased contact with outside peoples in this period led to the adoption of many Near Eastern deities into the pantheon. At the same time, the subjugated Nubians absorbed Egyptian religious beliefs, and in particular, adopted Amun as their own. The New Kingdom religious order was disrupted when Akhenaten acceded, and replaced Amun with the Aten as the state god. Eventually he eliminated the official worship of most other gods,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11076422",
"chunk_text": "Egypt\nThe New Kingdom c. 1550–1070 BC began with the Eighteenth Dynasty, marking the rise of Egypt as an international power that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as Tombos in Nubia, and included parts of the Levant in the east. This period is noted for some of the most well known Pharaohs, including Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. The first historically attested expression of monotheism came during this period as Atenism. Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom. The country was later invaded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4077559",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian temple\"\nof the New Kingdom, Pharaoh Akhenaten promoted the god Aten over all others and eventually abolished the official worship of most other gods. Traditional temples were neglected while new Aten temples, differing sharply in design and construction, were erected. But Akhenaten's revolution was reversed soon after his death, with the traditional cults reinstated and the new temples dismantled. Subsequent pharaohs dedicated still more resources to the temples, particularly Ramesses II, the most prolific monument-builder in Egyptian history. As the wealth of the priesthoods continued to grow, so did their religious influence: temple oracles, controlled by the priests, were an increasingly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17583575",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\npoint put a usurper (Amenmesse) on the throne—made it increasingly difficult for a pharaoh to effectively retain control of the territories. Ramesses II was also famed for the huge number of children he sired by his various wives and concubines; the tomb he built for his sons, many of whom he outlived, in the Valley of the Kings has proven to be the largest funerary complex in Egypt. The last \"\"great\"\" pharaoh from the New Kingdom is widely considered to be Ramesses III, a 20th Dynasty pharaoh who reigned several decades after Ramesses II. In the eighth year of his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4077557",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian temple\"\ntemples, and sometimes these two elements are fronted by open courts, foreshadowing the standard temple layout used in later times. With greater power and wealth during the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BC), Egypt devoted still more resources to its temples, which grew larger and more elaborate. Higher-ranking priestly roles became permanent rather than rotating positions, and they controlled a large portion of Egypt's wealth. Anthony Spalinger suggests that, as the influence of temples expanded, religious celebrations that had once been fully public were absorbed into the temples' increasingly important festival rituals. The most important god of the time was Amun,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1215932",
"chunk_text": "Luxor\nrose in importance as well and became linked to the sun god Ra, thus creating the new 'king of gods' Amon-Ra. His great temple, at Karnak just north of Thebes, was the most important temple of Egypt right until the end of antiquity. Later, the city was attacked by Assyrian emperor Assurbanipal who installed the Libyan prince on the throne, Psamtik I. The city of Thebes was in ruins and fell in significance. However, Alexander the Great did arrive at the temple of Amun, where the statue of the god was transferred from Karnak during the Opet Festival, the great",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14803457",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nthe New Kingdom the pharaoh Akhenaten abolished the official worship of other gods in favor of the sun-disk Aten. This is often seen as the first instance of true monotheism in history, although the details of Atenist theology are still unclear and the suggestion that it was monotheistic is disputed. The exclusion of all but one god from worship was a radical departure from Egyptian tradition and some see Akhenaten as a practitioner of monolatry rather than monotheism, as he did not actively deny the existence of other gods; he simply refrained from worshipping any but the Aten. Under Akhenaten's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17583568",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nNew Kingdom of Egypt The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties of Egypt. Radiocarbon dating places the exact beginning of the New Kingdom between 1570 BC and 1544 BC. The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was Egypt's most prosperous time and marked the peak of its power. The later part of this period, under the 19th and 20th Dynasties (1292–1069 BC), is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2581138",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Kingdom of Egypt\"\nbuilding with stone and with the conception of the new architectural form—the step pyramid. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known for the large number of pyramids constructed at this time as burial places for Egypt's kings. The first King of the Old Kingdom was Djoser (sometime between 2691 and 2625 BC) of the Third Dynasty, who ordered the construction of a pyramid (the Step Pyramid) in Memphis' necropolis, Saqqara. An important person during the reign of Djoser was his vizier, Imhotep. It was in this era that formerly independent ancient Egyptian states became known as nomes, under the rule",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_id": "17583570",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nsouth into Nubia and to hold wide territories in the Near East. In the north, Egyptian armies fought Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. The 18th Dynasty included some of Egypt's most famous Pharaohs, including Ahmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten and Tutankhamun. Queen Hatshepsut concentrated on expanding Egypt's external trade by sending a commercial expedition to the land of Punt. Thutmose III (\"\"the Napoleon of Egypt\"\") expanded Egypt's army and wielded it with great success to consolidate the empire created by his predecessors. This resulted in a peak in Egypt's power and wealth during the reign",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13838740",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egypt\"\nthe throne and instituted a series of radical and chaotic reforms. Changing his name to Akhenaten, he touted the previously obscure sun deity Aten as the supreme deity, suppressed the worship of most other deities, and moved the capital to the new city of Akhetaten (modern-day Amarna). He was devoted to his new religion and artistic style. After his death, the cult of the Aten was quickly abandoned and the traditional religious order restored. The subsequent pharaohs, Tutankhamun, Ay, and Horemheb, worked to erase all mention of Akhenaten's heresy, now known as the Amarna Period. Around 1279 BC, Ramesses II,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1131999",
"chunk_text": "Tutankhamun\nTutankhamun Tutankhamun (; alternatively spelled with \"\"Tutenkh-\"\", \"\"-amen\"\", \"\"-amon\"\"; c. 1341 – c. 1323 ) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled c. 1332–1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom or sometimes the New Empire Period. He has, since the discovery of his intact tomb, been referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means \"\"Living Image of Aten\"\", while Tutankhamun means \"\"Living Image of Amun\"\". In hieroglyphs, the name Tutankhamun was typically written Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17583573",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nwas founded by the Vizier Ramesses I, whom the last ruler of the 18th dynasty, Pharaoh Horemheb, had chosen as his successor. His brief reign marked a transition period between the reign of Horemheb and the powerful pharaohs of this dynasty, in particular, his son Seti I and grandson Ramesses II, who would bring Egypt to new heights of imperial power. Ramesses II (\"\"the Great\"\") sought to recover territories in the Levant that had been held by the 18th Dynasty. His campaigns of reconquest culminated in the Battle of Kadesh, where he led Egyptian armies against those of the Hittite",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9422955",
"chunk_text": "Amun\nAmun Amun (also \"\"Amon, Ammon, Amen\"\"; Greek \"\"Ámmōn\"\", \"\"Hámmōn\"\") is a major ancient Egyptian deity who appears as a member of the Hermopolitan Ogdoad. Amun was attested from the Old Kingdom together with his wife Amaunet. With the 11th dynasty ( 21st century BC), Amun rose to the position of patron deity of Thebes by replacing Montu. After the rebellion of Thebes against the Hyksos and with the rule of Ahmose I (16th century BC), Amun acquired national importance, expressed in his fusion with the Sun god, Ra, as Amun-Ra or Amun-Re. Amun-Ra retained chief importance in the Egyptian pantheon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4943427",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Kingdom of Egypt\"\na period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period. During the Old Kingdom, the king of Egypt (not called the Pharaoh until the New Kingdom) became a living god who ruled absolutely and could demand the services and wealth of his subjects. Under King Djoser, the first king of the Third Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, the royal capital of Egypt was moved to Memphis, where Djoser established his court. A new era of building was initiated at Saqqara under his reign. King Djoser's architect, Imhotep, is credited with the development of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "14803508",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nmost important religious sites of the period. Another important center was Abydos, where the early rulers built large funerary complexes. During the Old Kingdom, the priesthoods of the major deities attempted to organize the complicated national pantheon into groups linked by their mythology and worshipped in a single cult center, such as the Ennead of Heliopolis which linked important deities such as Atum, Ra, Osiris, and Set in a single creation myth. Meanwhile, pyramids, accompanied by large mortuary temple complexes, replaced mastabas as the tombs of pharaohs. In contrast with the great size of the pyramid complexes, temples to gods",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17583579",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nEgypt, and Smendes controlled Lower Egypt even before Rameses XI's death. Smendes eventually founded the 21st Dynasty at Tanis. New Kingdom of Egypt The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties of Egypt. Radiocarbon dating places the exact beginning of the New Kingdom between 1570 BC and 1544 BC. The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was Egypt's most prosperous time and marked the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19884880",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian mythology\"\ncentered on their own patron gods. As the influence of different cults shifted, some mythological systems attained national dominance. In the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BC) the most important of these systems was the cults of Ra and Atum, centered at Heliopolis. They formed a mythical family, the Ennead, that was said to have created the world. It included the most important deities of the time but gave primacy to Atum and Ra. The Egyptians also overlaid old religious ideas with new ones. For instance, the god Ptah, whose cult was centered at Memphis, was also said to be the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8487636",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nsystem, and eventually they dismantled all Atenist monuments. Before the Amarna period, popular religion had trended toward more personal relationships between worshippers and their gods. Akhenaten's changes had reversed this trend, but once the traditional religion was restored, there was a backlash. The populace began to believe that the gods were much more directly involved in daily life. Amun, the supreme god, was increasingly seen as the final arbiter of human destiny, the true ruler of Egypt. The pharaoh was correspondingly more human and less divine. The importance of oracles as a means of decision-making grew, as did the wealth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15646778",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nEgyptian history. Around the same time, Osiris became an important afterlife deity. \"\"The Pyramid Texts,\"\" first written at this time, reflect the prominence of the solar and Osirian concepts of the afterlife, although they also contain remnants of much older traditions. The texts are an extremely important source for understanding early Egyptian theology. In the 22nd century BC, the Old Kingdom collapsed into the disorder of the First Intermediate Period. Eventually rulers from Thebes reunified the Egyptian nation in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BC). These Theban pharaohs initially promoted their patron god Montu to national importance, but during the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6513258",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian deities\"\nall across the country despite its political divisions. The final step in the formation of Egyptian religion was the unification of Egypt, in which rulers from Upper Egypt made themselves pharaohs of the entire country. These sacred kings and their subordinates assumed the right to interact with the gods, and kingship became the unifying focus of the religion. New deities continued to emerge after this transformation. Some important deities such as Isis and Amun are not known to have appeared until the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BC). Places and concepts could inspire the creation of a deity to represent them,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13588392",
"chunk_text": "\"Decline of ancient Egyptian religion\"\nbecame and was the official state religion of Egypt. Although initially henotheistic, the religion became monotheistic in Akhenaten’s ninth year as he declared Aten the sole god. Akhenaten also stressed the importance of himself as the son of Aten, and only him and his wife, Nefertiti, could directly worship Aten. The Egyptian people were to worship Akhenaten as an intermediary between the two. This reform was hugely unpopular with the Egyptian populace, culminating in a campaign of damnatio memoriae by Horemheb and his immediate successors against Akhenaten and his family. The four kings succeeding Amenhotep III, ie Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamun,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14607060",
"chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Pharaohs\"\nof chaos before Egypt was reborn under a series of militarily inclined pharaohs who established the New Kingdom. Covers Menkaura, Pepi II, Mentuhotep II, and Ahmose I. By 1353 BCE, Egypt was again stable, with much of the prosperity of the Old Kingdom. However, the ascension of Akhenaten brought a new crisis. Akhenaten was branded a heretic by history because of his attempts to transform Egypt's religion, but he was also considered remarkable by the way he shared power with Nefertiti. Covers Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), Tutankhamun, Ay, and Seti I. Considered by historians to be the greatest era of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4602681",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egypt\"\nSinai. When Tuthmosis III died in 1425 BC, Egypt had an empire extending from Niya in north west Syria to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile in Nubia, cementing loyalties and opening access to critical imports such as bronze and wood. The New Kingdom pharaohs began a large-scale building campaign to promote the god Amun, whose growing cult was based in Karnak. They also constructed monuments to glorify their own achievements, both real and imagined. The Karnak temple is the largest Egyptian temple ever built. Around 1350 BC, the stability of the New Kingdom was threatened when Amenhotep IV ascended",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17583572",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nreligious fervor is cited as the reason why he and his wife were subsequently written out of Egyptian history. Under his reign, in the 14th century BC, Egyptian art flourished in a distinctive new style. (See Amarna Period.) By the end of the 18th Dynasty, Egypt's status had changed radically. Aided by Akhenaten's apparent lack of interest in international affairs, the Hittites had gradually extended their influence into Phoenicia and Canaan to become a major power in international politics — a power that both Seti I and his son Ramesses II would confront during the 19th Dynasty. The Nineteenth Dynasty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3477233",
"chunk_text": "Taweret\nthen, assisted the deceased's passing into the afterlife. With the rise of popular piety in the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1069 BCE), household deities like Taweret gained even more importance. Taweret's image has been found on an array of household objects, demonstrating her central role in the home. In fact, such objects were even found at Amarna from the reign of Akhenaten (c. 1352–1336 BCE), a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty who reorganized ancient Egyptian religion into a henotheistic religion focused on the worship of the sun disc, called the Aten. The worship of many traditional gods was proscribed during this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8487635",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nand moved Egypt's capital to a new city at Amarna. This part of Egyptian history, the Amarna period, is named after this. In doing so, Akhenaten claimed unprecedented status: only he could worship the Aten, and the populace directed their worship toward him. The Atenist system lacked well-developed mythology and afterlife beliefs, and the Aten seemed distant and impersonal, so the new order did not appeal to ordinary Egyptians. Thus, many probably continued to worship the traditional gods in private. Nevertheless, the withdrawal of state support for the other deities severely disrupted Egyptian society. Akhenaten's successors restored the traditional religious",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1717865",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Egypt\"\nas far south as Tombos in Nubia, and included parts of the Levant in the east. This period is noted for some of the most well known Pharaohs, including Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. The first historically attested expression of monotheism came during this period as Atenism. Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom. The country was later invaded and conquered by Libyans, Nubians and Assyrians, but native Egyptians eventually drove them out and regained control of their country. A team led by Johannes Krause managed the first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14479547",
"chunk_text": "\"Middle Kingdom of Egypt\"\nin which case the Middle Kingdom would finish around 1650, while others only include it until Merneferre Ay around 1700 BC, last king of this dynasty to be attested in both Upper and Lower Egypt. During the Middle Kingdom period, Osiris became the most important deity in popular religion. The Middle Kingdom was followed by the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt, another period of division that involved foreign invasions of the country by the Hyksos of West Asia. After the collapse of the Old Kingdom, Egypt entered a period of weak Pharaonic power and decentralization called the First Intermediate Period.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19227044",
"chunk_text": "Nebamun\nNebamun Nebamun was a middle-ranking official \"\"scribe and grain accountant\"\" during the period of the New Kingdom in ancient Egypt. He is thought to have lived and worked at the vast temple complex near Thebes (now Luxor) where the state-god Amun was worshipped. His name was translated as \"\"My Lord is Amun\"\", and his association with the temple, coupled with the importance of grain supplies to Egypt, meant that he was a person of considerable practical importance, though not of the highest rank. Nebamun is known today because of the 1820 discovery of the richly-decorated Tomb of Nebamun on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4148419",
"chunk_text": "Amun\nthroughout the New Kingdom (with the exception of the \"\"Atenist heresy\"\" under Akhenaten). Amun-Ra in this period (16th to 11th centuries BC) held the position of transcendental, self-created creator deity \"\"par excellence\"\"; he was the champion of the poor or troubled and central to personal piety. His position as King of Gods developed to the point of virtual monotheism where other gods became manifestations of him. With Osiris, Amun-Ra is the most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods. As the chief deity of the Egyptian Empire, Amun-Ra also came to be worshipped outside Egypt, according to the testimony of ancient",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6513292",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian deities\"\nHorus was the most important god in the Early Dynastic Period, Ra rose to preeminence in the Old Kingdom, Amun was supreme in the New, and in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, Isis was the divine queen and creator goddess. Newly prominent gods tended to adopt characteristics from their predecessors. Isis absorbed the traits of many other goddesses during her rise, and when Amun became the ruler of the pantheon, he was conjoined with Ra, the traditional king of the gods, to become a solar deity. The gods were believed to manifest in many forms. The Egyptians had a complex",
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5547945",
"chunk_text": "\"History of ancient Egypt\"\nHe fought against Asiatic people and was the most successful of Egyptian pharaohs. Amenhotep III built extensively at the temple of Karnak including the Luxor Temple, which consisted of two pylons, a colonnade behind the new temple entrance, and a new temple to the goddess Maat. During the reign of Thutmose III (c. 1479–1425 BC), Pharaoh, originally referring to the king's palace, became a form of address for the person who was king. One of the best-known 18th Dynasty pharaohs is Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten in honor of the god Aten. His exclusive worship of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17753565",
"chunk_text": "\"Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt\"\nreign of Akhenaten, the Aten (jtn, the sun disk) became, first, the most prominent deity, and eventually came to be considered the only god. Whether this amounted to true monotheism continues to be the subject of debate within the academic community. Some state that Akhenaten created a monotheism, while others point out that he merely suppressed a dominant solar cult by the assertion of another, while he never completely abandoned several other traditional deities. Later Egyptians considered this \"\"Amarna Period\"\" an unfortunate aberration. The events following Akhenaten's death are unclear. Individuals named Smenkhkare and Neferneferuaten are known but their relative",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17155790",
"chunk_text": "Nefertiti\nthe capital to Akhetaten (modern Amarna). In his fifth year, Amenhotep IV officially changed his name to Akhenaten, and Nefertiti was henceforth known as Neferneferuaten-Nefertiti. The name change was a sign of the ever-increasing importance of the cult of the Aten. It changed Egypt's religion from a polytheistic religion to a religion which may have been better described as a monolatry (the depiction of a single god as an object for worship) or henotheism (one god, who is not the only god). The boundary stelae of years 4 and 5 mark the boundaries of the new city and suggest that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17583569",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\nalso known as the \"\"Ramesside period\"\". It is named after the 11 Pharaohs that took the name Ramesses, after Ramesses I, the founder of the 19th Dynasty. Possibly as a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom saw Egypt attempt to create a buffer between the Levant and Egypt proper, and during this time Egypt attained its greatest territorial extent. Similarly, in response to very successful 17th century attacks during the Second Intermediate Period by the powerful Kingdom of Kush, the rulers of the New Kingdom felt compelled to expand far",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "15646721",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nthey simultaneously viewed him as a god, because the divine power of kingship was incarnated in him. He therefore acted as intermediary between Egypt's people and the gods. He was key to upholding Maat, both by maintaining justice and harmony in human society and by sustaining the gods with temples and offerings. For these reasons, he oversaw all state religious activity. However, the pharaoh's real-life influence and prestige could differ from his portrayal in official writings and depictions, and beginning in the late New Kingdom his religious importance declined drastically. The king was also associated with many specific deities. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1511227",
"chunk_text": "Akhenaten\nAkhenaten Akhenaten (; also spelled Echnaton, Akhenaton, Ikhnaton, and Khuenaten; meaning \"\"Effective for Aten\"\"), known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (sometimes given its Greek form, \"\"Amenophis IV\"\", and meaning \"\"Amun Is Satisfied\"\"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC. He is noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on the Aten, which is sometimes described as monolatristic, henotheistic, or even quasi-monotheistic. An early inscription likens the Aten to the sun as compared to stars, and later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13068084",
"chunk_text": "\"Decline of ancient Egyptian religion\"\nstable throughout the country’s ancient history. Despite this, specific towns and areas of Egypt usually placed varying emphasis on different gods, and most temples were dedicated to a specific god. This behaviour has led to Egyptian religion being labeled as more of a cult system than a completely homogeneous religion, but regardless, religion played a critical role in the life of every Egyptian. Likely the largest disruption of Egyptian religion prior to its actual downfall is the Amarna heresy, in which 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep IV renamed himself Akhenaten and began a period of about 20 years during which Atenism",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2290147",
"chunk_text": "\"Nomen (Ancient Egypt)\"\nof Lower- and Upper Egypt, king XXX, son of Râ\"\". Later it was placed before the cartouche, introducing the nomen of the king and now read as: \"\"Son of Râ, king XXX\"\". The hieroglyphs forming the nomen itself were placed inside the cartouche. Under the reign of the Fourth Dynasty king Radjedef, the cult of the sun-god Ra reached a new peak. Egyptian pharaohs now believed that they were the actual sons of Ra, since Ra himself had just become the greatest of all gods. This would later change and Ra merged symbolically with the god Amun. The earliest known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15646722",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian religion\"\nwas identified directly with Horus, who represented kingship itself, and he was seen as the son of Ra, who ruled and regulated nature as the pharaoh ruled and regulated society. By the New Kingdom he was also associated with Amun, the supreme force in the cosmos. Upon his death, the king became fully deified. In this state, he was directly identified with Ra, and was also associated with Osiris, god of death and rebirth and the mythological father of Horus. Many mortuary temples were dedicated to the worship of deceased pharaohs as gods. The Egyptians had elaborate beliefs about death",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10533461",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Kingdom of Egypt\"\nOld Kingdom of Egypt In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning c. 2686–2181 BC. It is also known as the \"\"Age of the Pyramids\"\" or the \"\"Age of the Pyramid Builders\"\", as it encompasses the reigns of the great pyramid builders of the Fourth Dynasty—King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid-building and the pyramids of Giza were constructed under the kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. Egypt attained its first sustained peak of civilization—the first of three so-called \"\"Kingdom\"\" periods (followed by the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom) which mark the high points of civilization in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4943430",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Kingdom of Egypt\"\nBC), which began with Sneferu (2613–2589 BC). After Djoser, Pharaoh Snefru was the next great pyramid builder. Snefru commissioned the building of not one, but three pyramids. The first is called the Meidum pyramid, named for its location in Egypt. Snefru abandoned it after the outside casing fell off of the pyramid. The Meidum pyramid was the first to have an above-ground burial chamber. Using more stones than any other Pharaoh, he built the three pyramids: a now collapsed pyramid in Meidum, the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur, and the Red Pyramid, at North Dahshur. However, the full development of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6513304",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian deities\"\na uniform nonexistence. Hornung's arguments have greatly influenced other scholars of Egyptian religion, but some still believe that at times the gods were more unified than he allows. Jan Assmann maintains that the notion of a single deity developed slowly through the New Kingdom, beginning with a focus on Amun-Ra as the all-important sun god. In his view, Atenism was an extreme outgrowth of this trend. It equated the single deity with the sun and dismissed all other gods. Then, in the backlash against Atenism, priestly theologians described the universal god in a different way, one that coexisted with traditional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8891840",
"chunk_text": "\"Ramesses II\"\nRamesses II Ramesses II (variously also spelt Rameses or Ramses ( \"\"Ra is the one who bore him\"\" > ); born ; died July or August 1213; reigned 1279–1213), also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom. His successors and later Egyptians called him the \"\"Great Ancestor\"\". He is known as Ozymandias in Greek sources ( \"\"Osymandýas\"\"), from the first part of Ramesses' regnal name, , \"\"The Maat of Ra is powerful, Chosen of Ra\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8084952",
"chunk_text": "Naqa\nremaining hypostatic deities, Amun represented the essential and hidden, whilst in Ra he represented revealed divinity. As the creator deity \"\"par excellence\"\", he was the champion of the poor and central to personal piety. Amun was self-created, without mother and father, and during the New Kingdom he became the greatest expression of transcendental deity in Egyptian theology. His position as King of gods developed to the point of virtual monotheism where other gods became manifestations of him. With Osiris, Amun-Ra is the most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods. The Amun temple of Naqa was founded by King Natakamani and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17583578",
"chunk_text": "\"New Kingdom of Egypt\"\n1140 BC. One proposed cause is the Hekla 3 eruption of the Hekla volcano in Iceland but the dating of this remains disputed. Rameses III's death was followed by years of bickering among his heirs. Three of his sons ascended the throne successively as Ramesses IV, Rameses VI and Rameses VIII. Egypt was increasingly beset by droughts, below-normal flooding of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption. The power of the last pharaoh of the dynasty, Ramesses XI, grew so weak that in the south the High Priests of Amun at Thebes became the \"\"de facto\"\" rulers of Upper",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12533281",
"chunk_text": "\"Pyramid Texts\"\nFollowing the earlier Palermo Stone, the pyramid texts mark the next-oldest known mention of Osiris, who would become the most important deity associated with afterlife in the Ancient Egyptian religion. The use and occurrence of pyramid texts changed between the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt. During the Old Kingdom (2886 BC – 2181 BC), pyramid texts could be found in the pyramids of kings as well as a three queens named Wedjebten, Neith, and Iput. During the Middle Kingdom (2055 BC – 1650 BC) pyramid texts were not written in the pyramids of the Pharaohs, but the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_843
|
who is often associated with printing the first book using moveable type in germany?
|
n/a
|
[
"Johannes Gutenberg"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8628289",
"chunk_text": "\"Albrecht Pfister\"\nAlbrecht Pfister Albrecht Pfister (c. 1420 – c. 1466) was one of the very first European printers to use movable type, following its invention by Johannes Gutenberg. Working in Bamberg, Germany, he is believed to have been responsible for two innovations in the use of the new technology: printing books in the German language, and adding woodcuts to printed books. The typefaces of Pfister, although similar to Gutenberg's, have their own peculiarities. Very little is known of his life. He is known to have been a cleric in Bamberg in 1448, and to have been connected with Georg I von",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8628292",
"chunk_text": "\"Albrecht Pfister\"\nBamberg, with the D-K type which Pfister later made use of, and which had originated with Gutenberg. Albrecht Pfister Albrecht Pfister (c. 1420 – c. 1466) was one of the very first European printers to use movable type, following its invention by Johannes Gutenberg. Working in Bamberg, Germany, he is believed to have been responsible for two innovations in the use of the new technology: printing books in the German language, and adding woodcuts to printed books. The typefaces of Pfister, although similar to Gutenberg's, have their own peculiarities. Very little is known of his life. He is known to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7931370",
"chunk_text": "\"History of books\"\nvia the Arabs in Spain in the 11th and 12th centuries. It was used in particular for ordinary copies, while parchment was used for luxury editions. The invention of the moveable type on the printing press by Johann Fust, Peter Schoffer and Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 marks the entry of the book into the industrial age. The Western book was no longer a single object, written or reproduced by request. The publication of a book became an enterprise, requiring capital for its realization and a market for its distribution. The cost of each individual book (in a large edition) was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10612254",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernhard von Mallinckrodt\"\nBernhard von Mallinckrodt Bernhard von Mallinckrodt (29 November 1591 in Ahlen — 7 March 1664, Burg Ottenstein), dean (\"\"Domdechant\"\") of Münster cathedral, was a bibliophile from a noble family of Protestants, who converted to Catholicism. In 1639 he issued a pamphlet at Cologne to mark the bicentennary of the invention of printing by moveable type in Europe, defending the priority of Gutenberg; it was titled \"\"De ortu et progressu artis typographicae\"\" (\"\"Of the rise and progress of the typographic art\"\"), that includes the phrase \"\"prima typographicae incunabula\"\", \"\"the first infancy of printing\"\". This gave rise to the term \"\"incunabula\"\", which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5786664",
"chunk_text": "\"Movable type\"\n\"\"Confucian prohibition on the commercialization of printing\"\" also obstructed the proliferation of movable type, restricting the distribution of books produced using the new method to the government. The technique was restricted to use by the royal foundry for official state publications only, where the focus was on reprinting Chinese classics lost in 1126 when Korea's libraries and palaces had perished in a conflict between dynasties. Scholarly debate and speculation has occurred as to whether Eastern movable type spread to Europe between the late 14th century and early 15th centuries. Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany is acknowledged as the first to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5239347",
"chunk_text": "Publishing\nthe development of books. The Chinese inventor Bi Sheng made movable type of earthenware circa 1045, but there are no known surviving examples of his printing. Around 1450, in what is commonly regarded as an independent invention, Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type in Europe, along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould. This invention gradually made books less expensive to produce, and more widely available. Early printed books, single sheets and images which were created before 1501 in Europe are known as incunables or \"\"incunabula\"\". \"\"A man born in 1453, the year of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10016339",
"chunk_text": "\"Print culture\"\ninto its own. Even though the printing press was a paradigm shifting invention, printing had many critics, who were afraid that books could spread lies and subversion or corrupt unsuspecting readers. Also, they were afraid that the printed texts would spread heresy and sow religious discord. The Gutenberg Bible was the first book produced with moveable type in Europe. Martin Luther's Bible, which was published in German in 1522, started the Protestant Reformation. Latin's importance as a language started languishing with the rise of texts written in national languages. The shift from scholarly Latin to everyday languages marked an important",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20978026",
"chunk_text": "Textbook\nconcerns only because they were written down by his student Plato in his famous Dialogues.) The next revolution for books came with the 15th-century invention of printing with changeable type. The invention is attributed to German metalsmith Johannes Gutenberg, who cast type in molds using a melted metal alloy and constructed a wooden-screw printing press to transfer the image onto paper. Gutenberg's first and only large-scale printing effort was the now iconic Gutenberg Bible in the 1450s — a Latin translation from the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament, copies of which can be viewed on the British",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "455263",
"chunk_text": "\"Movable type\"\nMovable type Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper. The world's first movable type printing press technology for printing paper books was made of porcelain materials and was invented around AD 1040 in China during the Northern Song Dynasty by the inventor Bi Sheng (990–1051). Subsequently in 1377, the world's oldest extant movable metal print book, Jikji, was printed in Korea during the Goryeo dynasty.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12023627",
"chunk_text": "\"Johannes Gutenberg\"\ncredits Gutenberg as the \"\"first inventor of printing\"\" in the very same passage (fol. 312). The first securely dated book by Dutch printers is from 1471, and the Coster connection is today regarded as a mere legend. The 19th-century printer and typefounder Fournier Le Jeune suggested that Gutenberg was not using type cast with a reusable matrix, but wooden types that were carved individually. A similar suggestion was made by Nash in 2004. This remains possible, albeit entirely unproven. It has also been questioned whether Gutenberg used movable types at all. In 2004, Italian professor Bruno Fabbiani claimed that examination",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6713103",
"chunk_text": "\"Mainz Psalter\"\nMainz Psalter The Mainz Psalter was the second major book printed with movable type in the West; the first was the Gutenberg Bible. It is a psalter commissioned by the Mainz archbishop in 1457. The Psalter introduced several innovations: it was the first book to feature a printed date of publication, a printed colophon, two sizes of type, printed decorative initials, and the first to be printed in three colours. The colophon also contains the first example of a printer's mark. It was the first important publication issued by Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer following their split from Johannes Gutenberg.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12023598",
"chunk_text": "\"Johannes Gutenberg\"\nJohannes Gutenberg Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (; – February 3, 1468) was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with the printing press. His introduction of mechanical movable type printing to Europe started the Printing Revolution and is regarded as a milestone of the second millennium, ushering in the modern period of human history. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2214476",
"chunk_text": "\"Ulrich Zell\"\nhistory of the discovery of printing is Zell's statement, preserved in the \"\"Chronicle of Cologne\"\" of 1499, that the year 1450 was the date of the beginning of printing, that the country-squire Johann Gutenberg was the inventor of it, and that the first book printed was the Latin Bible, the Vulgate. Ulrich Zell Ulrich Zell (died c.1507) was the first printer in Cologne. Zell was born at Hanau am Main, date unknown. He learned the art of printing before 1462 in the printing establishment of Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, and seems, shortly after the catastrophe of 1462, to have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3283817",
"chunk_text": "\"Christian Egenolff\"\nChristian Egenolff Christian Egenolff or Egenolph (26 July 1502 – 9 February 1555), also known as Christian Egenolff, the Elder, was the first important printer and publisher operating from Frankfurt-am-Main, and best known for his \"\"Kräuterbuch\"\" and re-issue of books by Adam Ries, Erasmus von Rotterdam and Ulrich von Hutten. Egenolff was born in Hadamar and studied humanities at the University of Mainz from 1516, but later took up the trade of bookprinting in Strasbourg, working for Wolfgang Küpfel and marrying Margarethe Karpf. He left Strasbourg in 1530 and started business as a printer/publisher and typecasting in Frankfurt-am-Main. Here he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1339326",
"chunk_text": "\"36-line Bible\"\n36-line Bible The 36-line Bible, also known as the \"\"Bamberg Bible\"\", (and sometimes called a \"\"Gutenberg Bible\"\") was the second moveable-type-printed edition of the Bible. It is believed to have been printed in Bamberg, Germany, circa 1458–1460. No printer's name appears in the book, but it is possible that Johannes Gutenberg was the printer. The primary, or particular meaning of the term Gutenberg Bible, is the first moveable-type-printed edition of the Bible, circa 1450–1455. The Gutenberg has 42 lines of text on each page in comparison to the Bamberg's 36 lines, and the Bibles are thus sometimes therefore referred to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2121977",
"chunk_text": "Bookplate\ncomes next with the plate of Anna van der Aa, in 1597; then Italy with one attributed to the year 1622. The earliest known American example is the plain printed label of Stephen Daye, the Massachusetts printer of the Bay Psalm Book, 1642. A sketch of the history of the bookplate, as a symbolical and decorative print used to mark ownership of books, begins in Germany. The earliest examples known are German, but also they are found in great numbers long before the fashion spread to other countries, and are often of the highest artistic interest. Albrecht Dürer is known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10572440",
"chunk_text": "\"Johannes Mentelin\"\nJohannes Mentelin Johannes Mentelin, sometimes also spelled Mentlin, (born around 1410 in Schlettstadt, today Sélestat; died December 12, 1478 in Strasbourg) was a pioneering German book printer and bookseller active during the period during which incunabula were printed. In 1466, he published the first printed Bible in the German language, the Mentelin Bible. In 1447, Johannes Mentelin gained the rights of a Strasbourg citizen. He was first a \"\"Goldschreiber\"\" (calligrapher and book scribe) by profession and worked in addition as an episcopal notary. Exactly when and where he learned the technique of book printing is not known. Since at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1922124",
"chunk_text": "\"Books in Germany\"\nMainz, Johannes Gutenberg printed a \"\"Bible\"\" using movable metal type, a technique that quickly spread to other German towns and throughout Europe. In the 1930s Nazis conducted book burnings. German publishers issued around 61,000 book titles in 1990, and around 83,000 in 2000. The influential Frankfurt Book Fair began in 1454, and the Leipzig Book Fair in 1632. Outside of Germany, collections of German books include those stored in the UK at the British Library and London Library; in the US at Harvard University and Yale University. In 2006 a temporary sculpture about German book history was installed at Bebelplatz",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6894184",
"chunk_text": "\"Movable type\"\nBecause of this, the diffusion of both movable-type systems was, to some degree, limited to primarily East Asia, although various sporadic reports of movable type technology were brought back to Europe by Christian missionaries, traders and business people who were returning to Europe after having worked in China for several years; and influenced the development of printing technology in Europe. Some of these medieval European accounts are still preserved in the library archives of the Vatican and Oxford University among many others. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg introduced the metal movable-type printing press in Europe, along with innovations in casting the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20915089",
"chunk_text": "\"Typometry (printing)\"\nas a separate plate, either in black or coloured ink. This technique has been considered a precursor of the typometric technique of the 18th century. In the 18th century, the German deacon August Gottlieb Preuschen (1734–1803), from Karlsruhe, published two books on the art of printing maps using movable type. The books were printed in Basel, Switzerland, using type from the foundry \"\"Haas'sche Schriftgiesserei\"\", by Wilhelm Haas-Münch (1741–1800). Wilhelm Haas-Münch has been quoted as the inventor of typometry in 1776, in competition with Johann Gottlob Breitkopf of Leipzig. The name \"\"typometrie\"\" was proposed by August Gottlieb Preuschen himself, the former",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5975099",
"chunk_text": "\"Gutenberg Museum\"\nstood. The museum made several important acquisitions in the following years, among them a second Gutenberg Bible, the Shuckburgh Bible in two volumes (1978), and two block books printed using wooden formes and today extremely rare. Another major change was the introduction of the museum’s educational unit in 1989. In 2000, the old museum building was restored and extended. Gutenberg Museum The Gutenberg Museum is one of the oldest museums of printing in the world, located opposite the cathedral in the old part of Mainz, Germany. It is named after Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing from movable metal type",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7023854",
"chunk_text": "\"Hans Dorn\"\nHans Dorn Hans Dorn (or Johannes Dorn) was a German printer of the late 15th and early 16th centuries, active in Brunswick He is known to have been in Brunswick during the period of 1493–1525. He may have been active as a bookseller before becoming a printer. The first book known to have printed by him, and at the same time the oldest known book printed in Brunswick, is a Low German \"\"Plenarium\"\" with the title \"\"Dath boke der hilgen Ewangelien. Lectien. Profecien unde Epistelen\"\", dated 15 July 1506. An earlier print by Dorn, dated 1502, is mentioned in an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19224525",
"chunk_text": "\"36-line Bible\"\nJohn Ritblat Gallery in the British Library, and another is contained in the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp. 36-line Bible The 36-line Bible, also known as the \"\"Bamberg Bible\"\", (and sometimes called a \"\"Gutenberg Bible\"\") was the second moveable-type-printed edition of the Bible. It is believed to have been printed in Bamberg, Germany, circa 1458–1460. No printer's name appears in the book, but it is possible that Johannes Gutenberg was the printer. The primary, or particular meaning of the term Gutenberg Bible, is the first moveable-type-printed edition of the Bible, circa 1450–1455. The Gutenberg has 42 lines of text on each",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8431192",
"chunk_text": "\"History of printing\"\n\"\"China's dominance in book production from the fourth to the fifteenth century,\"\" he also insists that arguments for the Chinese advantage \"\"should not be extended either forwards or backwards in time.\"\" Eastern metal movable type may have spread to Europe between the late 14th and early 15th centuries. It is traditionally surmised that Johannes Gutenberg, of the German city of Mainz, developed European movable type printing technology with the printing press around 1439 and in just over a decade, the European age of printing began. However, the evidence shows a more complex evolutionary process, spread over multiple locations. Also, Johann",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10612255",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernhard von Mallinckrodt\"\nis still used to describe books and broadsheets printed before 1500, the arbitrary cut-off date selected by Mallinckrodt. Bernhard von Mallinckrodt Bernhard von Mallinckrodt (29 November 1591 in Ahlen — 7 March 1664, Burg Ottenstein), dean (\"\"Domdechant\"\") of Münster cathedral, was a bibliophile from a noble family of Protestants, who converted to Catholicism. In 1639 he issued a pamphlet at Cologne to mark the bicentennary of the invention of printing by moveable type in Europe, defending the priority of Gutenberg; it was titled \"\"De ortu et progressu artis typographicae\"\" (\"\"Of the rise and progress of the typographic art\"\"), that includes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8585812",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Germany\"\nseveral influential theological, botanical, and medicinal texts, as well as letters, liturgical songs, poems, and arguably the oldest surviving morality play, while supervising brilliant miniature Illuminations. About 100 years later, Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170 – c. 1230) became the most celebrated of the Middle High German lyric poets. Around 1439, Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz, used movable type printing and issued the Gutenberg Bible. He was the global inventor of the printing press, thereby starting the Printing Revolution. Cheap printed books and pamphlets played central roles for the spread of the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution. Around the transition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12023599",
"chunk_text": "\"Johannes Gutenberg\"\nGutenberg in 1439 was the first European to use movable type. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink for printing books; adjustable molds; mechanical movable type; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system that allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8431200",
"chunk_text": "\"History of printing\"\na 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that official record exists; witnesses testimony discussed type, an inventory of metals (including lead) and his type mold. Others in Europe were developing movable type at this time, including goldsmith Procopius Waldfoghel of France and Laurens Janszoon Coster of the Netherlands. They are not known to have contributed specific advances to the printing press. While the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition had attributed the invention of the printing press to Coster, the company now states that is incorrect. Early printing houses (near the time of Gutenberg) were run by \"\"master printers.\"\" These printers owned shops, selected",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1047144",
"chunk_text": "\"Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner\"\nBenedictus Gotthelf Teubner Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner (born 16 June 1784 in Grosskrausnik in Luckau in Lower Lusatia; died 21 January 1856 in Leipzig) was a German bookseller and founder of a publishing company. Teubner was a printer. In 1811 he brought the printing press to Leipzig, which he would bring to importance within Germany. He founded another press in Dresden towards the end of the 18th century. The addition of a publishing business to the printing house followed in 1824, which published in the areas of philology and higher education in Germany. The well-known series of classical publications known as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15591800",
"chunk_text": "\"History of printing\"\nFust and Peter Schöffer experimented with Gutenberg in Mainz. Compared to woodblock printing, movable type page-setting was quicker and more durable. The metal type pieces were more durable and the lettering was more uniform, leading to typography and fonts. The high quality and relatively low price of the Gutenberg Bible (1455) established the superiority of movable type, and printing presses rapidly spread across Europe, leading up to the Renaissance, and later all around the world. Today, practically all movable type printing ultimately derives from Gutenberg's movable type printing, which is often regarded as the most important invention of the second",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3922626",
"chunk_text": "\"Global spread of the printing press\"\nGlobal spread of the printing press The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany . Western printing technology was adopted in all world regions by the end of the 19th century, displacing the manuscript and block printing. In the Western world, the operation of a press became synonymous with the enterprise of publishing and lent its name to a new branch of media, the \"\"press\"\" (see List of the oldest newspapers). Gutenberg's first major print work was the 42-line Bible in Latin, printed probably",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17032621",
"chunk_text": "\"Panfilo Castaldi\"\nfor printing\"\"). What is clear is that by the 1470s Castaldi was a successful printer; there is a record of a print run of 300 copies of a Cicero epistle in 1471. \"\"Panfilo Castaldi\"\" is the imprint of a 19th and 20th-century printing house in Feltre. Panfilo Castaldi Panfilo Castaldi (c. 1398 – c. 1490; also called Pamfilo or Pamphilo) was an Italian physician and \"\"master of the art of printing,\"\" to whom local tradition attributes the invention of moveable type. He was born in Feltre but spent most of his life working in Milan. The story as it has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3922637",
"chunk_text": "\"Global spread of the printing press\"\n19th century. On the effects of Gutenberg's printing Global spread of the printing press The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany . Western printing technology was adopted in all world regions by the end of the 19th century, displacing the manuscript and block printing. In the Western world, the operation of a press became synonymous with the enterprise of publishing and lent its name to a new branch of media, the \"\"press\"\" (see List of the oldest newspapers). Gutenberg's first major print work",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13214405",
"chunk_text": "\"Günther Zainer\"\ndecoration. His first German Bible is decorated with 73 ornamental initials. Günther Zainer Günther Zainer (or Zeyner or Zeiner) (died 1 October 1478) was the first printer in Augsburg, where he worked from 1468 until his death; he produced about 80 books including two German editions of the Bible and the first printed calendar. He came to Augsburg from Strassburg and printed in 1472–76 three large works of moral instruction. He also printed the first large illustrated book, Jacobus de Voragine's \"\"Legenda aurea\"\" in 2 volumes with 131 woodcuts, 1471–76. Johann Zainer, the first printer in Ulm, was probably his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11093107",
"chunk_text": "Germany\nwith the Great Famine in 1315, followed by the Black Death of 1348–50. Despite the decline, however, German artists, engineers, and scientists developed a wide array of techniques similar to those used by the Italian artists and designers of the time who flourished in such merchant city-states as Venice, Florence and Genoa. Artistic and cultural centres throughout the German states produced such artists as the Augsburg painters Hans Holbein and his son, and Albrecht Dürer. Johannes Gutenberg introduced moveable-type printing to Europe, a development that laid the basis for the spread of learning to the masses. In 1517, the Wittenberg",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8431199",
"chunk_text": "\"History of printing\"\nGermany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century. Printing methods based on Gutenberg's printing press spread rapidly throughout first Europe and then the rest of the world, replacing most block printing and making it the sole progenitor of modern movable type printing. As a method of creating reproductions for mass consumption, The printing press has been superseded by the advent of offset printing. Johannes Gutenberg's work in the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehen—a man he had previously instructed in gem-cutting—and Andreas Heilmann, owner of a paper mill. It was not until",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13887993",
"chunk_text": "\"Schweipolt Fiol\"\nPoland. Unfortunately his attempts to reform the state led to the Partitions of Poland carried out by Prussia, Austria and Russia. The world's first movable type printing technology was invented and developed in China by the Han Chinese printer Bi Sheng between the years 1041 and 1048. In the West, the invention of an improved movable type mechanical printing technology in Europe is credited to the German printer Johannes Gutenberg in 1450. The exact date of Gutenberg's press is debated based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system by both adapting existing technologies and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1047146",
"chunk_text": "\"Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner\"\nLeipzig is named after Teubner. Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner (born 16 June 1784 in Grosskrausnik in Luckau in Lower Lusatia; died 21 January 1856 in Leipzig) was a German bookseller and founder of a publishing company. Teubner was a printer. In 1811 he brought the printing press to Leipzig, which he would bring to importance within Germany. He founded another press in Dresden towards the end of the 18th century. The addition of a publishing business to the printing house followed in 1824, which published in the areas of philology and higher education in Germany. The well-known series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12023631",
"chunk_text": "\"Johannes Gutenberg\"\nwere considered more desirable. Today there is a large antique market for the earliest printed objects. Books printed prior to 1500 are known as \"\"incunabula\"\". There are many statues of Gutenberg in Germany, including the famous one by Bertel Thorvaldsen (1837) in Mainz, home to the eponymous Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and the Gutenberg Museum on the history of early printing. The latter publishes the \"\"Gutenberg-Jahrbuch\"\", the leading periodical in the field. Project Gutenberg, the oldest digital library, commemorates Gutenberg's name. The Mainzer Johannisnacht commemorates the person Johannes Gutenberg in his native city since 1968. In 1952, the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4442265",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Schöffer\"\nPeter Schöffer Peter Schöffer or Petrus Schoeffer (c. 1425, Gernsheim – c. 1503, Mainz) was an early German printer, who studied in Paris and worked as a manuscript copyist in 1451 before apprenticing with Johannes Gutenberg and joining Johann Fust, a goldsmith, lawyer, and money lender. Among his best-known works are the 1457 \"\"Mainz Psalter\"\", the \"\"1462 Bible\"\" or Biblia pulcra, and the 1484 Herbarius latinus. Working for Fust, Schöffer was the principal workman of Johannes Gutenberg, inventor of modern typography, whose 42-Line Bible was completed in 1455. In 1455 he testified for Johann Fust against Gutenberg. By 1457 he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5786665",
"chunk_text": "\"Movable type\"\ninvent a metal movable-type printing system in Europe, the printing press. Gutenberg was a goldsmith familiar with techniques of cutting punches for making coins from moulds. Between 1436 and 1450 he developed hardware and techniques for casting letters from matrices using a device called the hand mould. Gutenberg's key invention and contribution to movable-type printing in Europe, the hand mould, was the first practical means of making cheap copies of letterpunches in the vast quantities needed to print complete books, making the movable-type printing process a viable enterprise. Before Gutenberg, books were copied out by hand on scrolls and paper,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10050393",
"chunk_text": "Printing\nearliest known metal printed book. Type-casting was used, adapted from the method of casting coins. The character was cut in beech wood, which was then pressed into a soft clay to form a mould, and bronze poured into the mould, and finally the type was polished. The Korean form of metal movable type was described by the French scholar Henri-Jean Martin as \"\"extremely similar to Gutenberg's\"\". Eastern metal movable type was spread to Europe between the late 14th century and the early 15th century. Around 1450, Johannes Gutenberg introduced the first movable type printing system in Europe. He advanced innovations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10402180",
"chunk_text": "\"Günther Zainer\"\nGünther Zainer Günther Zainer (or Zeyner or Zeiner) (died 1 October 1478) was the first printer in Augsburg, where he worked from 1468 until his death; he produced about 80 books including two German editions of the Bible and the first printed calendar. He came to Augsburg from Strassburg and printed in 1472–76 three large works of moral instruction. He also printed the first large illustrated book, Jacobus de Voragine's \"\"Legenda aurea\"\" in 2 volumes with 131 woodcuts, 1471–76. Johann Zainer, the first printer in Ulm, was probably his brother. Günther Zainer was related to Johann Zainer, a printer at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1907572",
"chunk_text": "\"Early New High German\"\ndevelopments in ENHG: The period saw the invention of printing with moveable type (c.1455) and the Reformation (from 1517). Both of these were significant contributors to the development of the Modern German Standard language, as they further promoted the development of non-local forms of language and exposed all speakers to forms of German from outside their own area — even the illiterate, who were read \"\"to\"\". The most important single text of the period was Luther's Bible translation, the first part of which was published in 1522, though this is now not credited with the central role in creating the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5975095",
"chunk_text": "\"Gutenberg Museum\"\nGutenberg Museum The Gutenberg Museum is one of the oldest museums of printing in the world, located opposite the cathedral in the old part of Mainz, Germany. It is named after Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing from movable metal type in Western Europe. The collections include printing equipment and examples of printed materials from many cultures. A group of people founded the museum in 1900, 500 years after Johannes Gutenberg’s birth, to honor the inventor and present his technical and artistic achievements to the public at large. They also aimed to exhibit the writing and printing of as many",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4112844",
"chunk_text": "\"Heinrich Eggestein\"\ncalled \"\"Insiegler\"\" or \"\"Siegelträger\"\") at the Strasbourg provost court, which he lost again in 1455. In 1461, this office was again given to him and three years later, he finally lost it. He got the rights of a Strasbourg citizen in 1442. It is assumed that Eggestein became personally acquainted with Johannes Gutenberg, the later inventor of printing books with movable type, during his stay in Strasbourg in the 1440s and that he was able to form a lasting bond with him. It is highly likely that Eggestein even travelled to Mainz himself in the 1450s to learn the art",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17502862",
"chunk_text": "\"Ernst Vögelin\"\nErnst Vögelin Ernst Vögelin (August 10, 1529 - 1589) was a 16th-century German pioneer book printer. Vögelin was born in Konstanz. He studied in Leipzig, married a daughter of the first Leipzig printer Valentin Bapst, took over his shop, and expanded the establishment with a type foundry, publishing house, and a bookstore. By 1559 it has become the largest print shop in eastern Germany. Heavily indebted and accused of Calvinism, Vögelin had to leave the town in 1576. Since 1579 he was in Neustadt. His shop was later run by his sons, Gothard, Philip and Walentin. His successors' shop in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17669568",
"chunk_text": "\"Allan H. Stevenson\"\nHe would later use these basic observations to date the manufacture of paper used in early printed books. In early 1954, the Pierpont Morgan Library (now the Morgan Library & Museum) announced the acquisition of a copy of the \"\"Missale Speciale,\"\" or the \"\"Constance Missal,\"\" a rare undated incunable printed from the same type used in the 1457 Psalter printed by Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, but seemingly in a more primitive and unfinished state. The Morgan Library and many bibliographers believed the \"\"Missale Speciale\"\" pre-dated the Gutenberg Bible and was the first European book printed using movable type. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7668054",
"chunk_text": "Incunable\nIncunable An incunable, or sometimes incunabulum (plural incunables or incunabula, respectively), is a book, pamphlet, or broadside printed in Europe before the year 1501. (Importantly, incunabula are not manuscripts.) there are about 30,000 distinct known incunable editions extant. The number of surviving copies in Germany alone is estimated at around 125,000. \"\"Incunable\"\" is the anglicised singular form of \"\"incunabula\"\", Latin for \"\"swaddling clothes\"\" or \"\"cradle\"\", which can refer to \"\"the earliest stages or first traces in the development of anything\"\". A former term for \"\"incunable\"\" is \"\"fifteener\"\", referring to the 15th century. The term \"\"incunabula\"\" as a printing term was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15200828",
"chunk_text": "Mainz\nthe 8th Century AD as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the capital of the Electorate of Mainz and seat of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, the Primate of Germany. Mainz is famous as the home of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of the movable-type printing press, who in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bible. Historically, before the 20th century, the city was known in English as Mentz and in French as Mayence. Mainz was heavily damaged during World War II, with more than 30 air raids destroying about 80 percent of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_844
|
when does the sa node begin electrical signaling?
|
n/a
|
[
"spontaneously generated",
"spontaneously"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628832",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nSinoatrial node The sinoatrial node (SA node), also known as sinus node, is a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. These cells have the ability to spontaneously produce an electrical impulse (action potential; see below for more details), that travels through the heart via the electrical conduction system (see figure 1) causing it to contract. In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potential, setting the rhythm of the heart and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate of action potential production (and therefore the heart rate)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628850",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nthe discovery in a makeshift laboratory set up in a picturesque farmhouse in Kent, England, called Mann's Place. Their discovery was published in 1907. Sinoatrial node The sinoatrial node (SA node), also known as sinus node, is a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. These cells have the ability to spontaneously produce an electrical impulse (action potential; see below for more details), that travels through the heart via the electrical conduction system (see figure 1) causing it to contract. In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potential, setting the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628846",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nrate, and increasing heart rate. An increase in heart rate is known as positive chronotropy. The parasympathetic nerves supplying the SA node (in particular the Vagus nerves) originate in the brain. These nerves release a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh). ACh binds to a receptor called an M2 muscarinic receptor, located on the SA node membrane. Activation of this M2 receptor, then activates a protein called a G-protein (in particular G protein, i for inhibitory). Activation of this G-protein, blocks the cAMP pathway, reducing its effects, therefore inhibiting sympathetic activity and slowing action potential production. As well as this, the G-protein",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10121495",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac physiology\"\nunregulated, the SA node would initiate a sinus rhythm of approximately 100 bpm. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli flow through the paired cardiac plexus near the base of the heart. Without any nervous stimulation, the SA node would establish a sinus rhythm of approximately 100 bpm. Since resting rates are considerably less than this, it becomes evident that parasympathetic stimulation normally slows HR. The cardioaccelerator center also sends additional fibers, forming the cardiac nerves via sympathetic ganglia (the cervical ganglia plus superior thoracic ganglia T1–T4) to both the SA and AV nodes, plus additional fibers to the atria and ventricles.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628839",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nof the next action potential. Pacemaker cells, however, don’t have this resting phase. Instead, immediately after one action potential, the membrane potential of these cells begins to depolarise again automatically, this is known as the pacemaker potential. Once the pacemaker potential reaches a set value, known as the threshold value, it then produces an action potential. Other cells within the heart (including the purkinje fibers and atrioventricular node; AVN) can also initiate action potentials; however, they do so at a slower rate and therefore, if the SA node is working, it usually beats the AVN to it. Outlined below are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14684906",
"chunk_text": "Bradycardia\nthe SA node falls below the rate of the AV node. This dysrhythmia also may occur when the electrical impulses from the SA node fail to reach the AV node because of SA or AV block. This is a protective mechanism for the heart, to compensate for an SA node that is no longer handling the pacemaking activity, and is one of a series of backup sites that can take over pacemaker function when the SA node fails to do so. This would present with a longer PR interval. A junctional escape complex is a normal response that may result",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628845",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\n(in particular T1-T4). These nerves release a neurotransmitter called noradrenaline (NA). This binds to a receptor on the SA node membrane, called a beta-1adrenoceptor. Binding of NA to this receptor activates a G-protein (in particular a G-Protein, S for stimulatory) which initiates a series of reactions (known as the cAMP pathway) that results in the production of a molecule called cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). This cAMP binds to the HCN channel (see above). Binding of cAMP to the HCN, increases the flow of Na and K into the cell, speeding up the pacemaker potential, so producing action potentials at a quicker",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10121479",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac physiology\"\nplateau phase. The remaining Ca for contraction is released from storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The pattern of prepotential or spontaneous depolarization, followed by rapid depolarization and repolarization just described, are seen in the SA node and a few other conductive cells in the heart. Since the SA node is the pacemaker, it reaches threshold faster than any other component of the conduction system. It will initiate the impulses spreading to the other conducting cells. The SA node, without nervous or endocrine control, would initiate a heart impulse approximately 80–100 times per minute. Although each component of the conduction system",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628847",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nalso activates a potassium channel, which allows K to flow out of the cell, making the membrane potential more negative and slowing the pacemaker potential, therefore decreasing the rate of action potential production and therefore decreasing heart rate. A decrease in heart rate is known as negative chronotropy. The first cell to produce the action potential in the SA node isn’t always the same, this is known as pacemaker shift. In certain species of animals, for example, in dogs, a superior shift (i.e. the cell that produces the fastest action potential in the SA node is higher than previously) usually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10898090",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac pacemaker\"\nnode (SA node), is responsible for atrial propagation of this potential. The sinoatrial node (SA node) is a group of cells positioned on the wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava. These cells are modified cardiomyocytes. They possess rudimentary contractile filaments, but contract relatively weakly compared to the cardiac contractile cells. The pacemaker cells are connected to neighboring contractile cells via gap junctions, which enable them to locally depolarize adjacent cells. Gap junctions allow the passage of positive cations from the depolarization of the pacemaker cell to adjacent contractile cells. This starts the depolarization",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "15588998",
"chunk_text": "\"Electrical conduction system of the heart\"\nthe SA node's pacemaker activity. In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has: An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart. Under normal conditions, electrical activity is spontaneously generated by the SA node, the cardiac pacemaker. This electrical impulse is propagated throughout the right atrium, and through Bachmann's bundle to the left atrium, stimulating the myocardium of the atria to contract. The conduction of the electrical impulses throughout the atria is seen on the ECG as the P wave. As the electrical activity is spreading throughout the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7821447",
"chunk_text": "\"Ventricular escape beat\"\nreaching the ventricles (normally initiated by the heart's sinoatrial node (SA node), transmitted to the atrioventricular node (AV node), and then further transmitted to the ventricles) falls below the base rate determined by the rate of Phase 4 spontaneous depolarisation of ventricular pacemaker cells. An escape beat usually occurs 2–3 seconds after an electrical impulse has failed to reach the ventricles. This phenomenon can be caused by the sinoatrial node (SA node) failing to initiate a beat, by a failure of the conductivity from the SA node to the atrioventricular node (AV node), or by atrioventricular block (especially third degree",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17045237",
"chunk_text": "Systole\nis situated at the top of the right atrium adjacent to the junction with the superior vena cava. The S-A Node is a pale yellow structure. For humans it is approximately 25 mm long, 3-4 mm wide and 2 mm thick. It contains two types of cells: (a) the small, round P \"\"cells\"\" which have very few \"\"organells and myofibrils,\"\" and (b\"\")\"\" the slender elongated \"\"transitional cells\"\", which are intermediate in appearance between the P and the ordinary myocardial cells. Intact, the SA node provides continual electrical discharge known as sinus rhythm through the atrial mass, the signals of which",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17628848",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nproduced an increased heart rate whereas an inferior shift (i.e. the cell producing the fastest action potential within the SA node is further down than previously) produced a decreased heart rate. Sinus node dysfunction describes an irregular heartbeat caused by faulty electrical signals of the heart. When the heart's sinoatrial node is defective, the heart’s rhythms become abnormal – typically too slow or exhibiting pauses in its function or a combination, and very rarely faster than normal. Blockage of the arterial blood supply to the SA node (most commonly due to a myocardial infarction or progressive coronary artery disease) can",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6625494",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial block\"\na lag between the time that the SA node fires and actual depolarization of the atria. This rhythm is not recognizable on an ECG strip because a strip does not denote when the SA node fires. It can be detected only during an electrophysiology study when a small wire is placed against the SA node from within the heart and the electrical impulses can be recorded as they leave the p-cells in the centre of the node [ see pacemaker potential ], followed by observing a delay in the onset of the p wave on the ECG. Second degree SA",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15589006",
"chunk_text": "\"Electrical conduction system of the heart\"\nhas a regular rate of 40 to 60 bpm. These \"\"junctional\"\" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P-Wave. If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40 bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms. In the event of arrhythmia, a pacemaker may be surgically inserted into the conduction system. Electrical conduction system of the heart The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628871",
"chunk_text": "\"Pacemaker potential\"\nof the heart between the SA node and the atrial foci. SA node → |block| atrial foci → junctional foci → ventricular foci The other foci will not see the SA node firing; however, they will see the atrial foci. The heart will now beat at the intrinsic rate of the atrial foci. The firing of the pacemaker cells is induced electrically by reaching the threshold potential of the cell membrane. The threshold potential is the potential an excitable cell membrane, such as a myocyte, must reach in order to induce an action potential. This depolarization is caused by very",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9740360",
"chunk_text": "\"Ectopic pacemaker\"\nEctopic pacemaker An ectopic pacemaker or ectopic focus is an excitable group of cells that causes a premature heart beat outside the normally functioning SA node of the heart. It is thus a cardiac pacemaker that is ectopic, producing an ectopic beat. Acute occurrence is usually non-life-threatening, but chronic occurrence can progress into tachycardia, bradycardia or ventricular fibrillation. In a normal heart beat rhythm, the SA node usually suppresses the ectopic pacemaker activity due to the higher impulse rate of the SA node. However, in the instance of either a malfunctioning SA node or an ectopic focus bearing an intrinsic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11796889",
"chunk_text": "\"Electrical conduction system of the heart\"\nIf SA nodal impulses occur at a rate less than 60bpm, the heart rhythm is known as sinus bradycardia. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate exceeding 100bpm, the consequent rapid heart rate is sinus tachycardia. These conditions are not necessarily bad symptoms, however. Trained athletes, for example, usually show heart rates slower than 60bpm when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction consists of the AV node, the bundle of His, and the surrounding area; it has a regular rate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1453738",
"chunk_text": "\"Signal-averaged electrocardiogram\"\nSignal-averaged electrocardiogram Signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) is a special electrocardiographic technique, in which multiple electric signals from the heart are averaged to remove interference and reveal small variations in the QRS complex, usually the so-called \"\"late potentials\"\". These may represent a predisposition towards potentially dangerous ventricular tachyarrhythmias. A resting electrocardiogram (ECG) is recorded in the supine position using an ECG machine equipped with SAECG software; this can be done by a physician, nurse, or medical technician. Unlike standard basal ECG recording, which requires only a few seconds, SAECG recording requires a few minutes (usually about 7-10 minutes), as the machine must",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2739577",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac action potential\"\nthat originates from the sinoatrial node is propagated via the His-Purkinje network, the fastest conduction pathway within the heart. The electrical signal travels from the sinoatrial node (SAN), which stimulates the atria to contract, to the atrioventricular node (AVN) which slows down conduction of the action potential, from the atria to the ventricles. This delay allows the ventricles to fully fill with blood before contraction. The signal then passes down through a bundle of fibres called the bundle of His, located between the ventricles, and then to the purkinje fibers at the bottom (apex) of the heart, causing ventricular contraction.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "829641",
"chunk_text": "\"Tbx18 transduction\"\nhealthy heart, sinoatrial (SA) nodal cells act as the heart’s pacemaker and cause the heart to beat in a regular rhythm. Approximately 10 thousand of the 10 billion cells in the heart are SA nodal cells. Although they make up a relatively small portion of the heart SA node cells play a crucial role in the heart’s function. The problem in sick sinus syndrome is that the SA node is not functioning properly and is causing an irregular heartbeat. Currently the treatment for sick sinus syndrome is to remove the SA nodal cells that are not functioning properly (?) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11124379",
"chunk_text": "\"Heart block\"\nissues elsewhere in the heart, and therefore SA blocks are - despite their lower level of life-threatening risk - still \"\"the most common indication for pacemaker implantation in the US\"\". Types of SA nodal blocks include: In addition to the above blocks, the SA node can be suppressed by any other arrhythmia that reaches it. This includes retrograde conduction from the ventricles, ectopic atrial beats, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. The difference between SA node block and SA node suppression is that in SA node block an electrical impulse is generated by the SA node that doesn't make the atria",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2949368",
"chunk_text": "Tedisamil\nimpulse from the sinoatrial (SA) node is distributed rapidly throughout the atria causing coordinated excitement and inactivation of atrial muscle cell ion channels resulting in uniform contraction and relaxation of the muscle fibres. During fibrillation, other electrical signals overwhelm the SA node and ion channel excitement is no longer uniform throughout the atria. This results in inappropriate activation properties, further preventing uniform contraction and relaxation of the muscle. Subsequent action potentials from the SA node will not be able to uniformly excite the muscle as not all of the channels will be available to open as some will still be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11853316",
"chunk_text": "\"Premature atrial contraction\"\nother underlying structural heart problems, PACs can trigger a more serious arrhythmia such as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. In otherwise healthy people, PACs usually disappear with adolescence. A supraventricular extrasystole (SVES) is an extrasystole or premature electrical impulse in the heart, generated above the level of the ventricle. This can be either a premature atrial contraction or a premature impulse from the atrioventricular node. SVES should be viewed in contrast to a premature ventricular contraction which has a ventricular origin and the associated QRS change. Instead of the electrical impulse beginning in the sinoatrial (SA) node and propagating to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13998107",
"chunk_text": "\"Alarm indication signal\"\nAlarm indication signal Alarm indication signal (AIS) (also called “all ones” because of the data and framing pattern) is a signal transmitted by an intermediate element of a multi-node transport circuit that is part of a concatenated telecommunications system to alert the receiving end of the circuit that a segment of the end-to-end link has failed at a logical or physical level, even if the system it is directly connected to is still working. The AIS replaces the failed data, allowing the higher order system in the concatenation to maintain its transmission framing integrity. Downstream intermediate elements of the transport",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3659206",
"chunk_text": "\"Wandering pacemaker\"\nWandering pacemaker Wandering atrial pacemaker (WAP) is an atrial arrhythmia that occurs when the natural cardiac pacemaker site shifts between the sinoatrial node (SA node), the atria, and/or the atrioventricular node (AV node). This shifting of the pacemaker from the SA node to adjacent tissues is identifiable on ECG Lead II by morphological changes in the P-wave; sinus beats have smooth upright P waves, while atrial beats have flattened, notched, or diphasic P-waves. It is often seen in the very young, very old, and in athletes, and rarely causes symptoms or requires treatment. Wandering pacemaker is usually caused by varying",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628834",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nsuperior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. The cells of the SA node are spread out within a mesh of connective tissue, containing nerves, blood vessels, collagen and fat. Immediately surrounding the SA node cells are paranodal cells. These cells have structures intermediate between that of the SA node cells and the rest of the atrium. The connective tissue, along with the paranodal cells, insulate the SA node from the rest of the atrium, preventing the electrical activity of the atrial cells from affecting the SA node cells. The SA node cells are smaller and paler than the surrounding",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628835",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\natrial cells, with the average cell being around 8 micrometers in diameter and 20-30 micrometers in length (1 micrometer= 0.000001 meter). Unlike the atrial cells, SA node cells contain fewer mitochondria (the power plant of the cell), fewer myofibers (the contractile machinery of the cell), and a smaller sarcoplasmic reticulum (a calcium storage organelle that releases calcium for contraction). This means that the SA node cells are less equipped to contract compared to the atrial and ventricular cells. Action potentials pass from one cardiac cell to the next through pores known as gap junctions. These gap junctions are made of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1317138",
"chunk_text": "Parasystole\nwill serve to delay or advance the subsequent pacemaker activation. In this case, the coupling intervals between the manifest ectopic and sinus discharges will be either fixed or variable, depending on the cycle length relations between the two pacemakers. Parasystole Parasystole is a kind of arrhythmia caused by the presence and function of a secondary pacemaker in the heart, which works in parallel with the SA node. Parasystolic pacemakers are protected from depolarization by the SA node by some kind of \"\"entrance block\"\". This block can be complete or incomplete. Parasystolic pacemakers can exist in both the atrium or the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19635793",
"chunk_text": "\"Pacemaker current\"\non hyperpolarization, and very slow kinetics. The funny current is highly expressed in spontaneously active cardiac regions, such as the sinoatrial node (SAN, the natural pacemaker region), the atrioventricular node (AVN) and the Purkinje fibres of conduction tissue. The funny current is a mixed sodium–potassium current that activates upon hyperpolarization at voltages in the diastolic range (normally from −60/−70 mV to −40 mV). When, at the end of a sinoatrial action potential, the membrane repolarizes below the I threshold (about −40/−50 mV), the funny current is activated and supplies inward current, which is responsible for starting the diastolic depolarization phase",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15588993",
"chunk_text": "\"Electrical conduction system of the heart\"\nsituated within the myocardium. There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular, fast, or slow heart rhythms. Electrical signals arising in the SA node (located in the right atrium) stimulate the atria to contract. Then the signals travel to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which is located in the interatrial septum. After a delay, the electrical signal diverges and is conducted through the left and right bundle of His to the respective Purkinje fibers for each side of the heart, as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7273559",
"chunk_text": "\"Idioventricular rhythm\"\nIdioventricular rhythm Normally, the pacemaker of the heart that is responsible for triggering each heart beat (ventricular contraction) is the SA (Sino Atrial) node. However, if the ventricle does not receive triggering signals at a rate high enough from either the SA node or the AV (Atrioventricular) node, the ventricular myocardium itself becomes the pacemaker (escape rhythm). This is called Idioventricular Rhythm. Ventricular signals are transmitted cell-to-cell between cardiomyocytes and not by the conduction system, creating wide sometimes bizarre QRS complexes(> 0.12 sec). The rate is usually 20-40 bpm. If the rate is >40 bpm, it is called accelerated idioventricular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628833",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nis influenced by nerves that supply it. The sinoatrial node is a banana-shaped structure that varies in size, usually between 10-30 millimeters (mm) long, 5–7 mm wide, and 1–2 mm deep. The SA node is located in the wall (myocardium) of the right atrium, laterally to the entrance of the superior vena cava in a region called the sinus venarum (hence \"\"sino-\"\" + \"\"atrial)\"\". It is positioned roughly between a groove called the crista terminalis located on the internal surface of the heart and the corresponding sulcus terminalis, on the external surface. These grooves run between the entrance of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2699258",
"chunk_text": "\"Heart arrhythmia\"\nneeds, this manifests as a lower blood pressure and may cause lightheadedness or dizziness, or syncope (fainting). Some types of arrhythmia result in cardiac arrest, or sudden death. Medical assessment of the abnormality using an electrocardiogram is one way to diagnose and assess the risk of any given arrhythmia. Each heart beat originates as an electrical impulse from a small area of tissue in the right atrium of the heart called the sinus node or Sino-atrial node or SA node. The impulse initially causes both atria to contract, then activates the atrioventricular (or AV) node, which is normally the only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8009526",
"chunk_text": "\"Slow afterhyperpolarization\"\nSlow afterhyperpolarization Slow afterhyperpolarisation (sAHP) refers to prolonged periods of hyperpolarisation in a neuron or cardiomyocyte following an action potential or other depolarising event. In neurons, trains of action potentials may be required to induce sAHPs; this is unlike fast AHPs that require no more than a single action potential. A variety of ionic mechanism may contribute to sAHPs, including potassium efflux from calcium- or sodium- activated potassium channels, and/or the electrogenic response of the sodium-potassium ATPase. Depending on neuron type and stimulus used for induction, slow afterhyperpolarisations can last for one second to several tens of seconds, during which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1382281",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial block\"\nSinoatrial block A sinoatrial block is a disorder in the normal rhythm of the heart, known as a heart block, that is initiated in the sinoatrial node. The initial action impulse in a heart is usually formed in the sinoatrial node (SA node) and carried through the atria, down the internodal atrial pathways to the atrioventricular node (AV) node. In normal conduction, the impulse would travel across the bundle of His (AV bundle), down the bundle branches, and into the Purkinje fibers. This would depolarize the ventricles and cause them to contract. In an SA block, the electrical impulse is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10121470",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac physiology\"\nms to pass through the node. This pause is critical to heart function, as it allows the atrial cardiomyocytes to complete their contraction that pumps blood into the ventricles before the impulse is transmitted to the cells of the ventricle itself. With extreme stimulation by the SA node, the AV node can transmit impulses maximally at 220 per minute. This establishes the typical maximum heart rate in a healthy young individual. Damaged hearts or those stimulated by drugs can contract at higher rates, but at these rates, the heart can no longer effectively pump blood. Arising from the AV node,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10121466",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiac physiology\"\nsyncytium, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle), the bundle branches, and the Purkinje cells. Normal sinus rhythm is established by the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's pacemaker. The SA node is a specialized grouping of cardiomyocytes in the upper and back walls of the right atrium very close to the opening of the superior vena cava. The SA node has the highest rate of depolarization. This impulse spreads from its initiation in the SA node throughout the atria through specialized internodal pathways, to the atrial myocardial contractile cells and the atrioventricular node. The internodal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628918",
"chunk_text": "\"Atrioventricular node\"\ncontract. This also protects the ventricles from excessively fast rate response to atrial arrhythmias (see below). AV conduction during normal cardiac rhythm occurs through two different pathways: An important property that is unique to the AV node is \"\"decremental conduction\"\", in which the more frequently the node is stimulated the slower it conducts. This is the property of the AV node that prevents rapid conduction to the ventricle in cases of rapid atrial rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. The AV node's normal intrinsic firing rate without stimulation (such as that from the SA node) is 40-60 times/minute.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1629587",
"chunk_text": "\"Neural oscillation\"\nsinoatrial node normally initiates it, simply because it generates impulses slightly faster than the other areas. Hence, these cells generate the normal sinus rhythm and are called pacemaker cells as they directly control the heart rate. In the absence of extrinsic neural and hormonal control, cells in the SA node will rhythmically discharge. The sinoatrial node is richly innervated by the autonomic nervous system, which up or down regulates the spontaneous firing frequency of the pacemaker cells. Synchronized firing of neurons also forms the basis of periodic motor commands for rhythmic movements. These rhythmic outputs are produced by a group",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9740362",
"chunk_text": "\"Ectopic pacemaker\"\nhearts in response to various stimulating events, such as: They can also occur within unhealthy hearts, caused by: An ectopic pacemaker can reside within a part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, or within the muscle cells of the atria or ventricles. When an ectopic pacemaker initiates a beat, premature contraction occurs. A premature contraction will not follow the normal signal transduction pathway, and can render the heart refractory or incapable of transmitting the normal signal from the SA node. Location of the pacemaker can also change its effect on the SA node and its rhythm. An ectopic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1862628",
"chunk_text": "\"Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome\"\ncardiac action potential arises in the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is located in the right atrium. From there, the electrical stimulus is transmitted via internodal pathways to the atrioventricular (AV) node. After a brief delay at the AV node, the stimulus travels through the bundle of His to the left and right bundle branches and then to the Purkinje fibers and the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular myocardium. The AV node serves an important function as a \"\"gatekeeper\"\", limiting the electrical activity that reaches the ventricles. In situations where the atria generate excessively",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1903367",
"chunk_text": "\"Junctional escape beat\"\nJunctional escape beat A junctional escape beat is a delayed heartbeat originating not from the atrium but from an ectopic focus somewhere in the atrioventricular junction. It occurs when the rate of depolarization of the sinoatrial node falls below the rate of the atrioventricular node. This dysrhythmia also may occur when the electrical impulses from the SA node fail to reach the AV node because of SA or AV block. It is a protective mechanism for the heart, to compensate for the SA node no longer handling the pacemaking activity, and is one of a series of backup sites that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3452263",
"chunk_text": "\"ST segment\"\nwith the PR and TP segments. The ST segment represents the isoelectric period when the ventricles are in between depolarization and repolarization. In fetal electrocardiography, ST waveform analysis (sometimes abbreviated STAN) is used to get an indication of increasing levels of fetal base deficit. ST segment In electrocardiography, the ST segment connects the QRS complex and the T wave and has a duration of 0.005 to 0.150 sec (5 to 150 ms). It starts at the J point (junction between the QRS complex and ST segment) and ends at the beginning of the T wave. However, since it is usually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6189143",
"chunk_text": "Electrogastrogram\nrepresentation of the electrical activity but it is much easier and therefore cutaneous electrogastrography has been used most frequently. Several EGG signals are recorded from various standardized positions on the abdominal wall and to select the one with the highest amplitude for further analysis. For this purpose usually use three or more Ag-AgCl electrodes. Recordings are made both fasting (usually 30 minutes) and after a meal (usually 60 minutes) with the patient lying quietly. Deviations from the normal frequency may be referred to as bradygastria or tachygastria. In normal individuals the power of the electrical signals increases after the meal.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6625496",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial block\"\nlengthening of conduction time from the SA node to the atria. The p-cells in the centre of the node produce the rhythm at a regular rate, but their conduction across the node to where it meets atrial tissue is where the slowing occurs. A second degree type II, or sinus exit block, is a regular rhythm that may be normal or slow. It is followed by a pause that is a multiple of the P-P interval usually (2-4) . Conduction across the SA node is normal until the time of the pause when it is blocked. A third degree sinoatrial",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17269691",
"chunk_text": "\"Somatosensory evoked potential\"\nand frontal regions for upper limb SEPs and at the vertex for lower limb SEPs. Median nerve SEP begins with the delivery of an electrical stimulus to that nerve at the wrist. A 100–300 microsecond square wave electrical pulse is delivered at intensities strong enough to cause a 1–2 cm thumb twitch. Upon delivery of such a stimulus, nerve action volleys travel up sensory fibers and motor fibers to the shoulder, producing a peak as they enter. This peak is formally known as N9. In the course of conduction, the sensory fibers then transverse the cervical roots and enter the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7289692",
"chunk_text": "SAF-TE\nand rebuild. A SAF-TE device (SEP) is represented as a SCSI processor device that is polled every few seconds by e.g. the RAID controller software. Due to the low overhead required, impact on bus performance is negligible. For SAS or Fibre Channel systems, SAF-TE is replaced by the more standardized SCSI Enclosure Services (SES). The most widely used version was defined in the SAF-TE Interface Specification Intermediate Review R041497, released on April 14, 1997 by nStor (now Seagate Technology) and Intel. Status requests are performed as \"\"READ BUFFER\"\" SCSI commands, enclosure action requests as \"\"WRITE BUFFER\"\" commands. SAF-TE In computer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17628836",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinoatrial node\"\nproteins called connexins. There are fewer gap junctions within the SA node and they are smaller in size. This is again important in insulating the SA node from the surrounding atrial cells. The sinoatrial node receives its blood supply from the sinoatrial nodal artery. This blood supply, however, can differ hugely between individuals. For example, in most humans this is a single artery, although in some cases there have been either 2 or 3 sinoatrial node arteries supplying the SA node. Also, the SA node artery mainly originates as a branch of the right coronary artery; however in some individuals",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_845
|
who are the artists in the traveling wilburys?
|
n/a
|
[
"Roy Orbison",
"Jeff Lynne",
"George Harrison",
"Bob Dylan",
"Tom Petty"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "12883391",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nTraveling Wilburys The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album \"\"Cloud Nine\"\", the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, \"\"Handle with Care\"\", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to record a full album, titled \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\". Following Orbison's death in December 1988,",
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"chunk_id": "2652603",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nOver Again\"\" contained a greeting that read \"\"Merry Christmas from Nelson and Pee Wee Wilbury.\"\" Traveling Wilburys The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album \"\"Cloud Nine\"\", the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, \"\"Handle with Care\"\", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to",
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"chunk_id": "6622522",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\nTraveling Wilburys Vol. 1 The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 is the debut studio album by the British-American supergroup Traveling Wilburys, comprising George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. It was released in October 1988 to commercial success and critical acclaim. Although Harrison had long planned to start such a band, the project came about through happenstance. Harrison was in Los Angeles and in need of a B-side for a single from his \"\"Cloud Nine\"\" album, which resulted in the participants collaborating informally on the song \"\"Handle with Care\"\" at Dylan's home. Adopting alter egos as the",
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"chunk_id": "2652596",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nand mutual admiration among five established artists. Author Simon Leng recognises the venture as primarily a channel through which Harrison and Dylan could escape the restrictions of their serious media images, but also, in its guise as a \"\"phantom band\"\", a development by Harrison of the Rutles' satirical approach to the Beatles' legacy, in this case by \"\"de-mythologizing\"\" rock history. Inspired by the Traveling Wilburys' success and particularly its benefit to Petty and Orbison as artists, Lenny Waronker encouraged American guitarist Ry Cooder to form the band Little Village and record for Warner Bros. The group, comprising Cooder, Keltner, John",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "13488602",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nseveral awards and won the 1990 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group. Liner notes on the album cover were written by Monty Python's Michael Palin under a pseudonym. Palin's essay was based on an idea by Derek Taylor, who wrote an extensive fictional history of the Wilburys family that otherwise went unused. Harrison planned a feature film about the band, to be produced by HandMade and directed by David Leland, but contractual problems ended the project. Roy Orbison died of a heart attack on 6 December 1988. In tribute to him, the music video for",
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"chunk_id": "18365651",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\nJune 12, 2007, \"\"Volume One\"\" and \"\"Vol. 3\"\" were reissued by Rhino Records as \"\"The Traveling Wilburys Collection\"\", packaged together with bonus tracks and a DVD. The box set debuted at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 9 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. Traveling Wilburys Additional personnel Production Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 is the debut studio album by the British-American supergroup Traveling Wilburys, comprising George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. It was released in October 1988 to commercial success and critical acclaim. Although Harrison had long planned",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13488600",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\ninterests of maintaining the group identity. Over the months following the end of recording in the summer, contractual issues had been successfully negotiated between Warner's and the record companies representing Dylan, Petty, Lynne and Orbison. As was the case in 1971 when EMI prepared Harrison's multi-artist live album from the Concert for Bangladesh for release, Columbia, Dylan's label, presented the main stumbling block. In the album credits, the \"\"Wilburys\"\" joke was extended further, with the band members listed under various pseudonyms and pretending to be half-brothers – sons of a fictional Charles Truscott Wilbury, Sr. During promotion for the album,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6957019",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wilburn Brothers\"\nThe Wilburn Brothers The Wilburn Brothers were a popular American country music duo from the 1950s to the 1970s consisting of brothers Virgil Doyle Wilburn (July 7, 1930 – October 16, 1982) and Thurman Theodore \"\"Teddy\"\" Wilburn (November 30, 1931 – November 24, 2003). The brothers were born in Hardy, Arkansas. They first attracted attention as child performers, beginning in 1937, in an act called The Wilburn Children; Roy Acuff discovered them and brought them to the Grand Ole Opry in 1940. Due to federal child labor laws, the Wilburns were forced to leave the Opry after six months. After",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "5888759",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\ntogether again for nine days in May, recording the basic tracks and vocals at Dave Stewart’s home studio in Los Angeles. Overdubs and mixing were carried out in England at Harrison’s home studio, FPSHOT (short for Friar Park Studio, Henley-on-Thames). Masquerading as the Wilbury brothers, the participants would be known as Nelson (Harrison), Otis (Lynne), Lucky (Dylan), Lefty (Orbison), and Charlie T. Jr. (Petty) Wilbury, with drummer Jim Keltner credited as Buster Sidebury. Harrison was no stranger to the use of alternate identities, as he had adopted them with \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\" and with his plethora of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12883396",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\ngroup. The friendship continued in Los Angeles later that year. There, Harrison struck up a musical rapport with Petty based on their shared love of 1950s rock 'n' roll, and Lynne began collaborating with Petty on what became the latter's debut solo album, \"\"Full Moon Fever\"\", and writing songs with Orbison, Lynne's longtime musical hero, for Orbison's comeback album, \"\"Mystery Girl\"\". According to Petty, Harrison's dream for the Wilburys was to handpick the participants and create \"\"the perfect little band\"\", but the criteria for inclusion were governed most by \"\"who you could hang out with\"\". The five musicians also bonded",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "7127024",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Petty\"\nTom Petty Thomas Earl Petty (October 20, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor. He was the lead singer of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, formed in 1976. He previously led the band Mudcrutch. He was also a co-founder of the late 1980s supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. Petty recorded a number of hit singles with the Heartbreakers and as a solo artist. In his career, he sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He and the Heartbreakers were inducted into the Rock",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "4777070",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\nTraveling Wilburys Vol. 3 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 is the second and final studio album by the Traveling Wilburys, a group consisting of George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty. It was released in October 29, 1990 as the follow-up to their 1988 debut, \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\". The band members again adopted pseudonyms for their contributions, using new names from the fictitious Wilbury brothers. Though it was their second release, the album was mischievously titled \"\"Vol. 3\"\" by George Harrison. According to Jeff Lynne, \"\"That was George's idea. He said, 'Let's confuse the buggers.'\"\" As the dynamics",
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "8615957",
"chunk_text": "\"End of the Line (Traveling Wilburys song)\"\nEnd of the Line (Traveling Wilburys song) \"\"End of the Line\"\" is a song by the British-American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. Released in October 1988, it was the final track on their debut album, \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\". It was also issued as the band's second single, in January 1989. The recording features all the Wilburys except Bob Dylan as lead singers: George Harrison, Jeff Lynne and Roy Orbison sing the choruses in turn, while Tom Petty sings the verses. The song was mainly written by Harrison and was assigned to his publishing company, Umlaut Corporation. In keeping with the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "11267886",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeff Lynne\"\n(1990) and \"\"Long Wave\"\" (2012). Additionally, he began producing various artists. In 1988, under the pseudonyms Otis Wilbury and Clayton Wilbury, he co-founded the supergroup Traveling Wilburys with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty. Lynne's songwriting and production collaborations with former Beatles led him to co-produce their \"\"Anthology\"\" reunion singles \"\"Free as a Bird\"\" (1995) and \"\"Real Love\"\" (1996). In 2014, Lynne reformed ELO and resumed concert touring under the moniker \"\"Jeff Lynne's ELO\"\". Lynne produced all fifteen ELO singles that rose to the Top 10 record charts in the UK. His production credits also include the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12883394",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nof my mates ... It's this new group I got [in mind]: it's called the Traveling Wilburys, I'd like to do an album with them and then later we can all do our own albums again.\"\" According to Jeff Lynne, who co-produced \"\"Cloud Nine\"\", Harrison introduced the idea of the two of them starting a band together around two months into the sessions for his album, which began in early January 1987. When discussing who the other members might be, Harrison chose Bob Dylan and Lynne opted for Roy Orbison.<ref name=\"\"Lynne/Mojo\"\"></ref> The term \"\"Wilbury\"\" also originated during the \"\"Cloud Nine\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Not Alone Any More\"\nmuch admired by music critics. With the commercial success of the Wilburys, and the recognition afforded Orbison following his death in December 1988, it marked his full return from the career downturn he had experienced since the mid 1960s. George Harrison and Jeff Lynne first discussed the idea for the Traveling Wilburys in early 1987 when they were recording Harrison's album \"\"Cloud Nine\"\". Lynne chose Roy Orbison as a potential bandmate, while Harrison's first choice was Bob Dylan.<ref name=\"\"Lynne/Mojo\"\"></ref> Later that year, Lynne began working in Los Angeles on Orbison's album \"\"Mystery Girl\"\". As a result of this collaboration, Orbison,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "12076237",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\nwithin the band had shifted with Roy Orbison's death, the four remaining members all adopted new Wilbury pseudonyms: Spike (George Harrison), Clayton (Jeff Lynne), Muddy (Tom Petty) and Boo (Bob Dylan). With Harrison and Lynne producing again, the sessions were undertaken in the spring of 1990. An additional track, a cover of \"\"Nobody's Child\"\", was recorded and released in June 1990 as a charity single in aid of Olivia Harrison's Romanian Angel Appeal. The song was also the title track of a multi-artist fundraising album compiled by the Harrisons, \"\"\"\". \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\" was dedicated to the memory of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15855591",
"chunk_text": "\"Inside Out (Traveling Wilburys song)\"\nInside Out (Traveling Wilburys song) \"\"Inside Out\"\" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys from their 1990 album \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\". It was written by all the members of the band, which had been reduced to a foursome following the death of Roy Orbison in December 1988, and it was the first song they worked on for the album. The lyrics address environmental issues and describe a world turned yellow. Recording for the track began at a private studio in Bel Air in Los Angeles, in April 1990, and was completed three months later at George",
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "1743613",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Lane\"\nhe was art director of Gnosis magazine. Lane died of brain cancer on New Year's Day, 2016 in Oakland, California. Tony Lane Anthony Samuel Lane (May 2, 1944 – January 1, 2016) began his career as an assistant to Alexey Brodovitch at Harper's Bazaar, and became an early art director for Rolling Stone magazine. He was the designer of iconic album covers for Simon & Garfunkel (\"\"Bridge Over Troubled Water\"\"), Michael Jackson (\"\"Bad\"\"), and Creedence Clearwater Revival (\"\"Mardi Gras\"\"). His cover for Carly Simon's \"\"Boys in the Trees\"\" earned him a Grammy Award. He provided art direction for major record",
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "2652597",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nHiatt and Nick Lowe, released a self-titled album in 1992. Greg Kot of the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" described the Notting Hillbillies' \"\"Missing ... Presumed Having a Good Time\"\" as a Traveling Wilburys-type side project for Mark Knopfler of Dire Straits. Writing in \"\"New York\"\" magazine in late 1990, Elizabeth Wurtzel cited the Notting Hillbillies' album and the self-titled debut by Hindu Love Gods (a band consisting of Warren Zevon and members of R.E.M.) as examples of a trend whereby, following the Wilburys' \"\"Vol. 1\"\", \"\"more and more albums seem to be the rock-and-roll equivalents of bowling night.\"\" Writing in \"\"The Encyclopedia",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "2016055",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wilburn Brothers\"\n(at age 52). Teddy continued with the Opry as a solo artist until his death in 2003, six days before his 72nd birthday. They are both buried in the Nashville National Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee. The Wilburn Brothers The Wilburn Brothers were a popular American country music duo from the 1950s to the 1970s consisting of brothers Virgil Doyle Wilburn (July 7, 1930 – October 16, 1982) and Thurman Theodore \"\"Teddy\"\" Wilburn (November 30, 1931 – November 24, 2003). The brothers were born in Hardy, Arkansas. They first attracted attention as child performers, beginning in 1937, in an act called",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "4025029",
"chunk_text": "\"Wilbury Twist\"\nWilbury Twist \"\"Wilbury Twist\"\" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys and is the final track on their 1990 album \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\". The song was also released in March 1991 as the second single from that album. The original music video featured cameos from many contemporary celebrities including: Woody Harrelson, Whoopi Goldberg, Fred Savage, Ben Savage, Kala Savage, Milli Vanilli, Cheech Marin, John Candy and Eric Idle. The DVD video in the 2007 box set \"\"The Traveling Wilburys Collection\"\" retains only a few introductory shots of John Candy and Eric Idle, otherwise simply showing the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "17508146",
"chunk_text": "\"Not Alone Any More\"\nNot Alone Any More \"\"Not Alone Any More\"\" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys from their 1988 album \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\". It was sung by Roy Orbison and serves as his main contribution to the album. The song was written mainly by Jeff Lynne, although all five members of the Wilburys are credited as songwriters. A longtime admirer of Orbison, Lynne wrote \"\"Not Alone Any More\"\" as a vehicle for the singer's operatic vocal style. The song's lyrical theme of loneliness similarly recalls Orbison's dark ballads of the early 1960s. On release, the song was",
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "13488607",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\ntour never came about. Petty said about the Wilburys touring: In the Rolling Stone Press book \"\"The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll\"\", the Traveling Wilburys are described as \"\"the ultimate supergroup\"\", with a line-up that represented four eras of rock music history and included \"\"three indisputable gods\"\" in Dylan, Harrison and Orbison. The editors also recognise the band as \"\"the antithesis of a supergroup\"\", however, due to the musicians' adoption of fraternal alter egos and the humour inherent in the project. AllMusic managing editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine has similarly written: \"\"It's impossible to picture a supergroup with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "12883410",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\na limited edition fine-bound book titled \"\"The Traveling Wilburys\"\". Compiled by Olivia Harrison, the book includes rare photographs, recording notes, handwritten lyrics, sketches, and first-hand commentary on the band's history, together with a foreword by Lynne. Petty, Lynne, Olivia Harrison, Barbara Orbison, Keltner and Idle were among those who attended the US launch at a Beverly Hills bookshop in March 2010. In an interview to publicise the book, Lynne expressed his sadness at the deaths of Harrison and Orbison, and reflected: \"\"The Wilburys was such a wonderful band, such a marvellous thing to be part of. They were the best",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "9218925",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\nownership of his Dark Horse Records catalog and the two Wilburys albums reverted to him, and the albums went out of print. On June 12, 2007, \"\"Vol. 1\"\" and \"\"Vol. 3\"\" were reissued by Rhino Records as \"\"The Traveling Wilburys Collection\"\", packaged together with bonus tracks and a DVD. Additional personnel } Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 is the second and final studio album by the Traveling Wilburys, a group consisting of George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty. It was released in October 29, 1990 as the follow-up to their 1988 debut, \"\"Traveling Wilburys",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5888756",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\nfive Wilbury brothers, they then recorded a full album, produced by Lynne and Harrison. \"\"The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1989 and helped revitalise the careers of Dylan, Orbison and Petty. It has been certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In early April 1988, George Harrison was in Los Angeles and needed to record a B-side for a European 12-inch single. Jeff Lynne was also in Los Angeles writing and producing some tracks for Roy Orbison on his album \"\"Mystery Girl\"\" (released posthumously), as well",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "1782297",
"chunk_text": "\"Heading for the Light\"\nfor the light\"\". The Traveling Wilburys recorded the basic track for \"\"Heading for the Light\"\" between 7 and 16 May 1988 at a makeshift studio in David A. Stewart's house in Los Angeles. Taped in the kitchen, the basic tracks for all the songs on the album typically featured the five band members on acoustic rhythm guitars, accompanied by an Oberheim DMX drum machine. Jim Keltner, who adopted the pseudonym \"\"Buster Sidebury\"\" in keeping with the five bandmates' Wilbury personas, then overdubbed drums on the recordings.<ref name=\"\"Hurwitz/Mix\"\"></ref> As the group's producers, Harrison and Lynne completed the album during the second",
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"chunk_id": "6622527",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\npseudonyms as a session musician, including L'Angelo Misterioso, George O'Hara and Hari Georgeson. During the Beatles' first tour of Scotland, in 1960, he had used the pseudonym \"\"Carl Harrison\"\", in reference to one of his favourite musicians, Carl Perkins. With the Traveling Wilburys, this concept was taken a step further, since the participants' real names do not appear anywhere on the album, liner notes, or the songwriting credits. With Harrison having the greatest claim to the band, he signed them up to Warner Bros. Records, which distributed his solo recordings, and incorporated their own Wilbury Records label, in addition to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10823267",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeff Tweedy\"\nJeff Tweedy Jeffrey Scot Tweedy (born August 25, 1967) is an American songwriter, musician, and record producer best known as the singer and guitarist of the band Wilco. Tweedy, originally from Belleville, Illinois, started his music career in high school in his band The Plebes with Jay Farrar, which subsequently transitioned into the alternative country band Uncle Tupelo. After Uncle Tupelo broke up Tweedy formed Wilco which found critical and commercial success, most notably with \"\"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\"\" and \"\"A Ghost Is Born\"\", the latter of which received a Grammy for Best Alternative Album in 2005. Across Tweedy's career he",
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"chunk_text": "\"Not Alone Any More\"\nand cassette. Keen to maintain the group identity, the songs were credited to all five band members, although the allocation of each composition's publishing rights reflected its principal composer. In the case of \"\"Not Alone Any More\"\", the song was assigned to Lynne's publishing company, Sharp End Music. When promoting the album, the band furthered the Wilburys' fictional history created by Derek Taylor, and adapted into a liner note essay by Michael Palin, whereby they were a band of musician brothers, the five sons of the philandering Charles Truscott Wilbury. Orbison adopted the pseudonym Lefty Wilbury in honour of his",
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "14433047",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Simon\"\nPaul Simon Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. Simon's musical career has spanned seven decades, with his fame and commercial success beginning as half of the duo Simon & Garfunkel (originally known as Tom & Jerry), formed in 1956 with Art Garfunkel. Simon was responsible for writing nearly all of the pair's songs, including three that reached number one on the U.S. singles charts: \"\"The Sound of Silence\"\", \"\"Mrs. Robinson\"\", and \"\"Bridge over Troubled Water\"\". The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo",
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "15438227",
"chunk_text": "\"The Traveling Wilburys Collection\"\nout of print in the mid 1990s. Two of the bonus tracks were completed for the box set by Jeff Lynne, who co-founded the Wilburys in 1988, and Harrison's son Dhani. \"\"The Traveling Wilburys Collection\"\" was commercially successful, topping albums charts in Britain, Ireland, Australia and several other countries. All songs written by the Traveling Wilburys. All songs written by the Traveling Wilburys, except where noted. The Vinyl Edition features the originally released Vol. 1 and Vol. 3 Plus a Bonus 12\"\" featuring: The set is available in four different configurations: Traveling Wilburys Additional musicians Though the original issues enjoyed",
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "3362720",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Johnston\"\n2017. Bob Johnston Donald William 'Bob' Johnston (May 14, 1932 – August 14, 2015) was an American record producer, best known for his work with Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, Leonard Cohen, and Simon & Garfunkel. Johnston was born into a professional musical family. His grandmother Mamie Jo Adams was a songwriter, as was his mother Diane Johnston. Diane had written songs for Gene Autry in the '50s and scored a hit in 1976 when Asleep at the Wheel covered her 1950 demo \"\"Miles and Miles of Texas\"\". After a stint in the Navy, Bob returned to Fort Worth, then he",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
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"chunk_id": "20851519",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Keltner\"\nthe 1980s supergroup the Traveling Wilburys, playing under the pseudonym \"\"Buster Sidebury\"\". Keltner became Ry Cooder's go-to drummer, recording with him on many of his albums for over 40 years, including the following, as well as playing with him in Little Village. Keltner, as a freelance drummer, has worked with a long list of artists. Jim Keltner recorded two albums with his band Attitudes for George Harrison's Dark Horse label. The band also included Danny Kortchmar, David Foster and Paul Stallworth, and recorded \"\"Attitudes\"\" in 1975 and \"\"Good News\"\" in 1977. He is featured on Carly Simon's 1971 album, \"\"Anticipation\"\".",
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"chunk_id": "5326187",
"chunk_text": "\"Sneaky Pete Kleinow\"\nSneaky Pete Kleinow Peter E. \"\"Sneaky Pete\"\" Kleinow (August 20, 1934 – January 6, 2007) was an American country-rock musician, songwriter, and a motion picture special effects artist. He is best known as a member of the band the Flying Burrito Brothers and as a session musician for such artists as Joan Baez, Jackson Browne, The Byrds, Joe Cocker, Rita Coolidge, Eagles, The Everly Brothers, George Harrison, The Steve Miller Band, Joni Mitchell, The Rolling Stones, Ringo Starr, Stevie Wonder, Spencer Davis, Linda Ronstadt and many others. Kleinow was born and raised in South Bend, Indiana; inspired by Jerry Byrd,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12883400",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nheld in the house of Eurythmics member Dave Stewart, in Los Angeles. The five band members sat in a circle playing acoustic guitars in Stewart's kitchen; once each song's basic track had been written and recorded there (with accompaniment from a drum machine),<ref name=\"\"Hurwitz/Mix\"\"></ref> the group recorded their vocals in another room, usually after dinner each night. Petty recalled that, as a friend but also an avowed fan of Dylan's, Harrison felt the need to clear the air on the first day by saying to him: \"\"We know that you're Bob Dylan and everything, but we're going to just treat",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "12883392",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nthe band released a second album, which they titled \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\", in 1990. The project's work received much anticipation given the diverse nature of the singer-songwriters. The band members adopted tongue-in-cheek pseudonyms as half-brothers from a fictional Wilbury family of travelling musicians. \"\"Vol. 1\"\" was a critical and commercial success, helping to revitalise Dylan and Petty's respective careers. In 1990, the album won the Grammy for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group. Although Harrison envisaged a series of Wilburys albums and a film about the band, produced through his company HandMade, the group's final release was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1846263",
"chunk_text": "\"Roy Orbison\"\n\"\"Crying\"\" (1961), \"\"In Dreams\"\" (1963), and \"\"Oh, Pretty Woman\"\" (1964). Soon afterward, Orbison was struck by a number of personal tragedies while his record sales declined. In the 1980s, he experienced a resurgence in popularity through the success of several cover versions of his songs, and in 1988, co-founded the Traveling Wilburys, a rock supergroup with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne. He died of a heart attack later that year, at the age of 52. One month later, his song \"\"You Got It\"\" (1989), co-written with Lynne and Petty, was released as a solo single and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11764770",
"chunk_text": "\"Grace Slick\"\nshe eventually agreed because she found she enjoyed it, and color renditions of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jerry Garcia appeared in the completed autobiography. An \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\"-themed painting and various other sketches are scattered throughout the book. Her paintings of Jorma Kaukonen and Jack Casady were used for the cover art of the album \"\"The Best of Hot Tuna\"\". Though Slick has been drawing and painting since she was a child, she admits to not being able to multitask, so did not do much of it while she was focusing on her musical career. A notable exception is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "12883408",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nof his hero Lefty Frizzell. The album met with less success than the previous one. According to Mo Ostin, the choice of album title came about through \"\"George being George\"\"; apparently Harrison was making a wry reference to the appearance of a bootleg that served as a sort of \"\"Volume 2\"\". The album's liner notes were written by Eric Idle, another Python member, who again adopted a pseudonym. For the band's final single, \"\"Wilbury Twist\"\", they filmed a video in which Idle, John Candy and other comedic actors attempt to master the song's eponymous dance style. The clip was filmed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1052266",
"chunk_text": "\"Simon & Garfunkel\"\nSimon & Garfunkel Simon & Garfunkel were an American folk rock duo consisting of singer-songwriter Paul Simon and singer Art Garfunkel. They were one of the bestselling music groups of the 1960s and became counterculture icons of the decade's social revolution, alongside artists such as the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and Bob Dylan. Their biggest hits—including \"\"The Sound of Silence\"\" (1964), \"\"Mrs. Robinson\"\" (1968), \"\"The Boxer\"\" (1969), and \"\"Bridge over Troubled Water\"\" (1970)—reached number one on singles charts worldwide. The duo met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "989326",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Johnston\"\nBob Johnston Donald William 'Bob' Johnston (May 14, 1932 – August 14, 2015) was an American record producer, best known for his work with Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, Leonard Cohen, and Simon & Garfunkel. Johnston was born into a professional musical family. His grandmother Mamie Jo Adams was a songwriter, as was his mother Diane Johnston. Diane had written songs for Gene Autry in the '50s and scored a hit in 1976 when Asleep at the Wheel covered her 1950 demo \"\"Miles and Miles of Texas\"\". After a stint in the Navy, Bob returned to Fort Worth, then he and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3602275",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Dylan\"\nband with George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty, and in late 1988 their multi-platinum \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1\"\" reached three on the US album chart, featuring songs that were described as Dylan's most accessible compositions in years. Despite Orbison's death in December 1988, the remaining four recorded a second album in May 1990 with the title \"\"Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3\"\". Dylan finished the decade on a critical high note with \"\"Oh Mercy\"\" produced by Daniel Lanois. Michael Gray wrote that the album was: \"\"Attentively written, vocally distinctive, musically warm, and uncompromisingly professional, this cohesive whole is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15750130",
"chunk_text": "\"George Harrison\"\nhe co-founded the platinum-selling supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. A prolific recording artist, he was featured as a guest guitarist on tracks by Badfinger, Ronnie Wood and Billy Preston, and collaborated on songs and music with Dylan, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr and Tom Petty, among others. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the \"\"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\"\". He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee – as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and posthumously for his solo career in 2004. Harrison's first marriage, to model Pattie Boyd in 1966,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10827480",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeff Tweedy\"\nstage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"\"The Late Greats,\"\" while opening for Neil Young. Tweedy has converted to Judaism. His wife is Jewish, and Tweedy's sons had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. During the ceremony for his oldest son, Tweedy played an acoustic version of Bob Dylan's \"\"Forever Young.\"\" Jeff Tweedy Jeffrey Scot Tweedy (born August 25, 1967) is an American songwriter, musician, and record producer best known as the singer and guitarist of the band Wilco. Tweedy, originally from Belleville, Illinois, started his music career in high school in his band The Plebes with Jay",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18049041",
"chunk_text": "\"Ride Rajbun\"\nshow. According to English, he suggested to Harrison that he contribute a song to the series while they were playing cricket in the grounds of Friar Park, Harrison's home in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. English says he likened the \"\"Bunburys\"\" to Harrison's idea for a semi-fictional band, the Traveling Wilburys, which Harrison would soon form with Lynne, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty and Roy Orbison. Financed by the Bee Gees, production on \"\"The Bunburys Tails\"\" began in early 1988, although it would not air on British television until 1992. The series was directed by Bob Godfrey, who had worked on the Beatles' 1968",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7317575",
"chunk_text": "\"Justin Goldberg\"\nthat typically begins with digitally manipulated photographs transferred to cotton canvass, he creates a mood of depth and antiquity by then applying water-soluble crayons and acrylic paint. The work is both an homage to and an indictment of its primary subject matter, the music business and those who work in it. Musical luminaries common to most followers of pop music culture appear throughout the work including Dave Grohl, Courtney Love, Jewel, Dave Matthews Band, P Diddy, Cake and Incubus, as well as music industry figures such as Guy Oseary, Tommy Mottola and Fred Davis. “Why shouldn’t they call it FoxSpace?",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8652868",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Lane\"\nTony Lane Anthony Samuel Lane (May 2, 1944 – January 1, 2016) began his career as an assistant to Alexey Brodovitch at Harper's Bazaar, and became an early art director for Rolling Stone magazine. He was the designer of iconic album covers for Simon & Garfunkel (\"\"Bridge Over Troubled Water\"\"), Michael Jackson (\"\"Bad\"\"), and Creedence Clearwater Revival (\"\"Mardi Gras\"\"). His cover for Carly Simon's \"\"Boys in the Trees\"\" earned him a Grammy Award. He provided art direction for major record labels Columbia, Fantasy and Elektra, and developed branding for Pacific Telesis, LaCroix Sparkling Water, Wrangler and Kia. For two issues",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13488601",
"chunk_text": "\"Traveling Wilburys\"\nOrbison played along with the mock history, saying: \"\"Some people say Daddy was a cad and a bounder, but I remember him as a Baptist minister.\"\" \"\"Vol. 1\"\" was a critical and commercial success, and revitalised the careers of Dylan, Orbison and Petty. As Harrison had intended, the album defied contemporary musical trends such as hip hop, acid house and synthesised pop; author Alan Clayson likens its release to \"\"a Viking longship docking in a hovercraft terminal\"\". The album produced two successful singles and went on to achieve triple-platinum certification for sales in the United States. It was nominated for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_846
|
who plays artemisia in 300 rise of an empire?
|
n/a
|
[
"Caitlin Carmichael",
"Eva Green",
"Jade Chynoweth"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12932099",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nthe \"\"Newark Star-Ledger\"\" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying \"\"There is much grinding of teeth, and mauling of history, and anachronistic use of gunpowder, until we plug our ears and desperately pray to the gods of Olympus, or the brothers of Warner, that they might make an end.\"\" Despite mixed reviews for the film as a whole, Eva Green's performance as the naval officer Artemisia received rave reviews, with some going so far as to say she was more interesting than the heroes, and saved the film. Ty Burr of \"\"The Boston Globe\"\", in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1776785",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemisia I of Caria\"\nportrayal pushes back against her negative depiction in Herodotus and the film 300: Rise of an Empire. Unlike Vidal's portrayal, Artemisia has a hostile relationship with General Marduniya (Mardonius). Artemisia is portrayed by Gianna Cala-Smith in the trailer for the novel which was directed and produced by Sally O'Grady. Artemisia I of Caria Artemisia I of Caria (; fl. 480 BC) was a Greek queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus and of the nearby islands of Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos, within the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria, in about 480 BC. She fought as an ally of Xerxes I,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12932100",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nhis positive review stated, \"\"\"\"Rise of an Empire\"\" may strike some as an improvement on the first film, if only for two reasons: naval warfare and the glorious absurdity of Eva Green.\"\" According to Rafer Guzman's \"\"Newsday\"\" review, \"\"The one bright spot is Eva Green as Xerxes' machinator, Artemesia, a raccoon-eyed warrior princess... Green plays a snarling, insatiable, self-hating femme fatale and completely steals the show.\"\" And perhaps most emphatically, Stephanie Zacharek writing for \"\"The Village Voice\"\" exclaimed, \"\"\"\"Rise of an Empire\"\" might have been essentially more of the same, but for one distinction that makes it 300 times better",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1776784",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemisia I of Caria\"\n1962 film, \"\"The 300 Spartans\"\", Artemisia is portrayed by Anne Wakefield. Artemisia appears in Gore Vidal's 1981 (and 2002 release) historical novel \"\"Creation (novel)\"\". In Vidal's depiction, she had a long relationship with the Persian general Mardonius, who at some periods lived in Halicarnassus and acted unofficially as her consort - but that she refused to marry him, determined to preserve her independence. In the 2014 film, \"\"\"\", Artemisia is featured as the main antagonist and is portrayed by Eva Green. Artemisia is the protagonist in \"\"The Blood Throne of Caria\"\" by Roy Casagranda, released on September 10, 2018. Casagranda's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880537",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nand producer of \"\"Rise of an Empire\"\". The cast includes Lena Headey, Peter Mensah, David Wenham, Andrew Tiernan, Andrew Pleavin, and Rodrigo Santoro reprising their roles from the first film, alongside Sullivan Stapleton, Eva Green, Hans Matheson, and Callan Mulvey. It was released in 3D and IMAX 3D on March 7, 2014. The film's score was composed by Junkie XL. The film was released to mixed reviews, with critics praising the action sequences, music, cinematography, visual effects and Green's performance but criticizing the story and overstylized gore. It grossed over $337 million worldwide from a $110 million budget. Queen Gorgo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880549",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nbook limited series on which the film \"\"300\"\" was based, was writing a follow-up graphic novel, and Zack Snyder, co-screenwriter and director of \"\"300\"\", was interested in directing the adaptation, but instead chose to develop and direct the Superman reboot \"\"Man of Steel\"\". Noam Murro directed instead, while Snyder produced. The film was centered on the Greek leader Themistocles, portrayed by Australian actor Sullivan Stapleton. During pre-production, the film was titled \"\"300: Battle of Artemisium\"\" (although this was widely misreported as \"\"Battle of Artemisia\"\"); the film was retitled \"\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\" in September 2012. Principal photography commenced in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880536",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\n300: Rise of an Empire 300: Rise of an Empire is a 2014 American epic historical fantasy war film directed by Noam Murro. It is a sequel to the 2006 film \"\"300\"\", taking place before, during and after the main events of that film, very loosely based on the Battle of Artemisium and the Battle of Salamis with considerable altering of historical facts. It is based on the Frank Miller comic mini-series \"\"Xerxes: The Fall of the House of Darius and the Rise of Alexander\"\" (released April–September 2018). Zack Snyder, who directed and co-wrote the original film, acted as writer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19846289",
"chunk_text": "\"Eva Green\"\ncurse turns Johnny Depp's character into a vampire in Tim Burton's \"\"Dark Shadows\"\". In 2014, she played Artemisia in the \"\"300\"\" sequel, \"\"\"\" for which she received excellent reviews. Rafer Guzman in his \"\"Newsday\"\" review stated, \"\"The one bright spot is Eva Green as Xerxes' machinator, Artemesia, a raccoon-eyed warrior princess... Green plays a snarling, insatiable, self-hating femme fatale and completely steals the show.\"\" Stephanie Zacharek writing for \"\"The Village Voice\"\" exclaimed, \"\"\"\"Rise of an Empire\"\" might have been essentially more of the same, but for one distinction that makes it 300 times better than its predecessor: Mere mortals of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1224772",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nthan its predecessor: Mere mortals of Athens, Sparta, and every city from Mumbai to Minneapolis, behold the magnificent Eva Green, and tremble!\"\" Paul Cartledge, a professor of Greek culture at Cambridge University, noted that the film contains historical errors. For example, Darius was not killed as depicted as neither Xerxes nor Darius was present at the Battle of Marathon. Artemisia, historically a queen and not an abused, orphaned slave, actually argued against sailing into the straits and survived the Persian Wars. In addition, the Spartan navy contributed a mere sixteen warships to the Greek fleet of 400 warships in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880548",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nher, acknowledging his naval defeat and continuing the march of his army. Artemisia tries to kill Themistocles one last time but is killed as he stabs her through the stomach. While Dilios leads the Greek assault, Themistocles and Gorgo take a moment to silently acknowledge one another's alliance as the remaining Persians attempt a counter-attack. The three then charge at the opposing Persians with the whole Greek army. In June 2008, producers Gianni Nunnari, Mark Canton, and Bernie Goldmann revealed that work had begun on a sequel to \"\"300\"\". Legendary Pictures announced that Frank Miller, who wrote the 1998 comic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9568218",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemis Pebdani\"\nArtemis Pebdani Artemis Pebdani (born August 2, 1977) is an American actress, best known for her roles on television. Pebdani was born and raised in Texas. Her parents were Iranians who left Iran in the mid-1970s, five years before the Islamic Revolution. She received her BFA in theatre from Southern Methodist University and is also an alum of the Dell'Arte International School of Physical Theatre in Blue Lake, California. In the early 2000s, Pebdani began appearing on television shows such as \"\"The Shield\"\", \"\"Ugly Betty\"\", and \"\"House\"\". From 2005 onwards, she has had the recurring role of Artemis, the foul-mouthed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880541",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nand subsequently left for dead in the streets. She was rescued and adopted by a Persian emissary. Her lust for vengeance gained the attention of King Darius and he made her a naval commander after she killed many of his enemies. Themistocles also learns that Leonidas has marched to fight the Persians with only 300 men. Themistocles leads his fleet of fifty warships and several thousand men, which include Scyllas, Scyllas's son Calisto and Themistocles' right-hand man Aeskylos to the Aegean Sea, starting the Battle of Artemisium. They ram their ships into the Persian ships, charge them, slaughtering several soldiers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16949766",
"chunk_text": "\"Lena Headey filmography\"\nLena Headey filmography Lena Headey is an English actress and producer. Headey studied acting at Shelley College where she performed in a number of school productions at the Royal National Theatre. She made her film debut in the 1992 mystery drama \"\"Waterland\"\". After appearing in a series of supporting parts throughout the 1990s, she went on to find fame for lead performances in big-budget films such as the fantasy film \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\" (2005) and the action film \"\"300\"\" (2007), portraying Gorgo, Queen of Sparta, a role she yet again played in \"\"\"\" (2014). She gained international recognition in 2011",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5241480",
"chunk_text": "\"300 (film)\"\n300 (film) 300 is a 2006 American low fantasy epic war film based on the 1998 comic series of the same name by Frank Miller and Lynn Varley. Both are fictionalized retellings of the Battle of Thermopylae within the Persian Wars. The film was directed by Zack Snyder, while Miller served as executive producer and consultant. It was filmed mostly with a super-imposition chroma key technique, to help replicate the imagery of the original comic book. The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian \"\"god-King\"\" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5241481",
"chunk_text": "\"300 (film)\"\narmy of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham). Through this narrative technique, various fantastical creatures are introduced, placing \"\"300\"\" within the genre of historical fantasy. \"\"300\"\" was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007. The film received mixed reviews, including acclaim for its original visuals and style, but criticism for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20483812",
"chunk_text": "\"300 (film)\"\nregimen, and his beard. In June 2008, producers Mark Canton, Gianni Nunnari and Bernie Goldmann revealed that work had begun on a sequel to \"\"300\"\", \"\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\". Legendary Pictures had announced that Frank Miller started writing the follow-up graphic novel, and Zack Snyder was interested in directing the adaptation, but moved on to develop and direct the Superman reboot \"\"Man of Steel\"\". Noam Murro directed instead, while Zack Snyder produced. The film focused on the Athenian admiral, Themistocles, as portrayed by Australian actor Sullivan Stapleton. The sequel, \"\"\"\", was released on March 7, 2014. 300 (film) 300",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2178270",
"chunk_text": "\"Kelly Craig\"\nKelly Craig Kelly Craig (born October 1984) is a Canadian model and actress from Montreal, Quebec. She is best known for her work in modeling. She was featured in the April 2006 edition of \"\"ELLE Canada\"\" and \"\"ELLE Québec\"\". Her first film role was as a stunt double for fellow model and actress Bridget Moynahan, in the 2000 film \"\"Coyote Ugly\"\". Her first character role however, was in the 2006 film adaptation of Frank Miller's graphic novel \"\"300\"\". In \"\"300\"\", she played the role of the Oracle, a young Spartan girl who was chosen for her beauty and is guarded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1224745",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nhis father. As Xerxes's forces advance towards Thermopylae, Themistocles meets with the council and convinces them to provide him with a fleet to engage the Persians at the sea. Themistocles then travels to Sparta to ask King Leonidas for help, but is informed by Dilios that Leonidas is consulting the Oracle, and Gorgo is reluctant to side with Athens. Themistocles later reunites with his old friend Scyllas, who infiltrated the Persian troops and learned Artemisia was born Greek, but defected to Persia as her family was raped and murdered by Greek hoplites and she was taken as a sex slave,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16949768",
"chunk_text": "\"Lena Headey filmography\"\nfantasy \"\"\"\" (2016) Lena Headey filmography Lena Headey is an English actress and producer. Headey studied acting at Shelley College where she performed in a number of school productions at the Royal National Theatre. She made her film debut in the 1992 mystery drama \"\"Waterland\"\". After appearing in a series of supporting parts throughout the 1990s, she went on to find fame for lead performances in big-budget films such as the fantasy film \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\" (2005) and the action film \"\"300\"\" (2007), portraying Gorgo, Queen of Sparta, a role she yet again played in \"\"\"\" (2014). She gained international",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2178271",
"chunk_text": "\"Kelly Craig\"\nby the old Ephors, being frequently molested by them. Her words, spoken in a trance, are interpreted by the corrupt priests as a message that the gods do not want King Leonidas to break the Carneia and attack the Persians. Although she appears only briefly in the film, a still from the film of her in a state of trance is featured as the sole image on one of the film posters. Kelly Craig Kelly Craig (born October 1984) is a Canadian model and actress from Montreal, Quebec. She is best known for her work in modeling. She was featured",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11053857",
"chunk_text": "\"Valentina Cervi\"\nValentina Cervi Valentina Cervi (born 13 April 1976) is an Italian film and television actress. Cervi was born in Rome, Italy. She is the daughter of director Tonino Cervi and granddaughter of the famous Italian actor Gino Cervi. Cervi started her acting career at age ten in Carlo Cotti's 1986 film \"\"Portami la luna\"\". She also played an English-language role in Jane Campion's 1996 \"\"The Portrait of a Lady\"\". One of her most acclaimed roles was the lead in the 1997 film \"\"Artemisia\"\", directed by Agnès Merlet. It was loosely based on the painter Artemisia Gentileschi's life, but controversially portrayed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880542",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nbefore retreating from the sinking Persian ships. The following day, the Greeks feign a retreat and lead a group of Persian ships into a crevice, where they become stuck. The Greeks charge the Persian ships from the cliffs above and kill more Persians. Impressed with Themistocles' skills, Artemisia brings him onto her ship where she seduces him, in an attempt to lure him to the Persian side as her second-in-command. He refuses, causing her to push him aside in the middle of sex and swear revenge on him. The Persians spill tar into the sea and send suicide bombers to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15392360",
"chunk_text": "\"The 300 Spartans\"\nThe 300 Spartans The 300 Spartans is a 1962 CinemaScope epic film depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. Made with the cooperation of the Greek government, it was shot in the village of Perachora in the Peloponnese. The working title was \"\"Lion of Sparta\"\". It stars Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas, Sir Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes, with Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon providing the requisite romantic element in the film. Greek warriors, led by 300 Spartans, fight against a Persian army of almost limitless size. Despite",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4765359",
"chunk_text": "\"Jade Chynoweth\"\nJade Chynoweth Jade Chynoweth (, born August 21, 1998) is an American actress and dancer. She recently performed on NBC’s ‘The Voice’ with Halsey during Halsey’s performance of “Without Me”. She is known for her roles as young Artemisia in the 2014 epic historical fantasy war film \"\"\"\" and Carmen in the 2016 superhero film \"\"\"\", for her recurring role as Kathleen Nolan on the TNT television series \"\"The Last Ship\"\" and Odalie Allen on the YouTube Red series \"\"\"\". She first appeared as the Street Dancer in 2012 comedy musical series \"\"Dr. Fubalous\"\". Her debut film role was as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880543",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nswim to and board the Greek ships with their flame bombs. Artemisia and her men fire flaming arrows and torches to ignite the tar, but an Athenian manages to kill one of the Persians, who falls into the tar carrying a torch, causing ships from both sides to explode. Themistocles is thrown into the sea by an explosion and nearly drowns before being rescued by Aeskylos, and stands by Scyllas's side as he succumbs to his injuries. Believing Themistocles to be dead, Artemisia and her forces withdraw. After recovering from his injuries, Themistocles learns that only a few hundred of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18177406",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemis Fowl\"\nas well as terminating its production with The Weinstein Company following a sexual misconduct controversy involving Weinstein. On December 20, 2017, it was announced that Irish newcomer Ferdia Shaw had been cast as Artemis Fowl, alongside Judi Dench as Commander Root, Josh Gad as Mulch Diggums, Lara McDonnell as Captain Holly Short, and Nonso Anozie as Butler. Principal photography began in March 2018 with filming in England, Northern Ireland, and Ho Chi Minh City. In the books, there are several terms and fairy slang used. This term (also Mud Men, Mud Boy, Mud Girl, Mud Woman, Mud Wench, etc.,) is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17624004",
"chunk_text": "\"Eva Green\"\n\"\"Perfect Sense\"\" (2011). In 2014, she played Artemisia in the \"\"300\"\" sequel, \"\"\"\", and Ava Lord in Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez's \"\"Sin City\"\" sequel, \"\"\"\". Green is also known for her collaborations with director Tim Burton, starring as Angelique Bouchard in the horror comedy film \"\"Dark Shadows\"\" (2012), Miss Alma Peregrine in the fantasy film \"\"Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children\"\" (2016), and Colette Marchant in the fantasy film \"\"Dumbo\"\" (2019). Green starred as Morgan Pendragon in the Starz historical fantasy series \"\"Camelot\"\" (2011). She also starred as Vanessa Ives in the Showtime horror drama series \"\"Penny Dreadful\"\" (2014–2016),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880547",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nwatched. The remaining Greek ships charge into the Persians ships, and the two armies battle, beginning the decisive Battle of Salamis. Themistocles and Artemisia engage in a duel, which ends in a stalemate with both receiving severe injuries. At this moment Gorgo, who had been narrating the tale to the Spartans, arrives at the battle along with ships from numerous Greek city states including Delphi, Thebes, Olympia, Arcadia, and Sparta, all of them uniting against the surrounded Persians. Daxos leads the Arcadian army while Themistocles urges Artemisia to surrender. Xerxes, watching the battle from a cliff, turns his back on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "685220",
"chunk_text": "\"Rodrigo Santoro\"\nRodrigo Santoro Rodrigo Junqueira dos Reis Santoro (; born 22 August 1975) is a Brazilian actor. He has appeared in many successful movies, including \"\"Brainstorm\"\" (2001), \"\"Carandiru\"\" (2003), \"\"Love Actually\"\" (2003), \"\"Che\"\" (2008), \"\"I Love You Phillip Morris\"\" (2009), and \"\"Rio\"\" (2011). He is perhaps most famous for his portrayal of Persian King Xerxes in the movie \"\"300\"\" (2006) and its sequel \"\"\"\" (2014). He was a series regular on the television series \"\"Lost\"\" portraying the character Paulo, and plays Hector Escaton in HBO's \"\"Westworld\"\" (2016). Santoro was born in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, to Francesco Santoro, an Italian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14473794",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemisia (film)\"\nArtemisia (film) Artemisia is a 1997 French-German-Italian biographical film about Artemisia Gentileschi, the female Italian Baroque painter. The film was directed by Agnès Merlet, and stars Valentina Cervi and Michel Serrault. Seventeen-year-old Artemisia Gentileschi (Valentina Cervi), the daughter of Orazio Gentileschi, a renowned Italian painter, exhibits her father's talent, and is encouraged by her father, who has no sons and wishes his art to survive after him. However, in the chauvinistic world of the early 17th century, Italian women are forbidden to paint human nudes or enter the Academy of Arts. Orazio allows his daughter to study in his studio,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17615992",
"chunk_text": "\"Gemma Arterton\"\nGemma Arterton Gemma Christina Arterton (born 2 February 1986) is an English actress. Arterton made her film debut in the comedy film \"\"St Trinian's\"\" (2007). Her breakthrough role was in the James Bond film \"\"Quantum of Solace\"\" (2008), playing Bond Girl Strawberry Fields, which won her an Empire Award for Best Newcomer. She was the title star of the film \"\"The Disappearance of Alice Creed\"\" (2009). She is known for her roles in the fantasy films \"\"Clash of the Titans\"\" (2010), \"\"Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time\"\" (2010), \"\"Byzantium\"\" (2013), and as the character Gretel in \"\"\"\" (2013). She",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10329828",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemisia (film)\"\ncontroversial and confused new film, written and directed by Agnès Merlet, is ostensibly about the seventeenth-century painter Artemisia Gentileschi, but it is really the silliest form of late-twentieth-century iconography. The movie, which stars the fetching Valentina Cervi, makes a sexy love story out of Artemisia's relationship with her teacher, Agostino Tassi (played by Miki Manojlovic): it's art lessons as foreplay. \"\"Let yourself go,\"\" Tassi tells his young pupil, as though he is quoting from Masters and Johnson, and Artemisia not only expertly guides him in bed but insists that he gave her pleasure when he raped her. Although the real",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10651816",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiffany Dupont\"\nTiffany Dupont Tiffany Dupont (born March 22, 1981) is an American actress, known for playing the lead character, Hadassah, a Jewish girl who will become the Biblical Esther, Queen of Persia, in the Hollywood film \"\"One Night with the King\"\". From 2007 to 2009, Dupont co-starred on the ABC Family series \"\"Greek\"\", where she played Frannie, who was head of the Iota Kappa Iota house which she founded on campus to rival ZBZ. Dupont grew up in Burke, Virginia, attending high school at Lake Braddock Secondary School. While in school, she was active in orchestra, various athletics, as well as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20577767",
"chunk_text": "\"Kerry Condon\"\nKerry Condon Kerry Condon (born 4 January 1983) is an Irish television and film actress, best known for her role as Octavia of the Julii in the HBO/BBC series \"\"Rome,\"\" as Stacey Ehrmantraut in AMC's \"\"Better Call Saul\"\" and as the voice of F.R.I.D.A.Y. in various films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. She is also the youngest actress ever to play Ophelia in a Royal Shakespeare Company production of \"\"Hamlet.\"\" She appeared in AMC’s \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" in \"\"30 Days Without an Accident\"\". In 2001, at the age of 19, Condon originated the role of Mairead in \"\"The Lieutenant of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19770163",
"chunk_text": "\"Mira Sorvino\"\nMira Sorvino Mira Katherine Sorvino (; born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She won the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Woody Allen's \"\"Mighty Aphrodite\"\" (1995). She also starred in the films \"\"Romy and Michele's High School Reunion\"\" (1997), \"\"Mimic\"\" (1997), \"\"Lulu on the Bridge\"\" (1998), \"\"The Replacement Killers\"\" (1998), \"\"Summer of Sam\"\" (1999), and \"\"Like Dandelion Dust\"\" (2009). She received Golden Globe and Emmy nominations for her role in \"\"Norma Jean & Marilyn\"\" (1996), and a Golden Globe nomination for her role in \"\"Human Trafficking\"\" (2005). Sorvino was born in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10329827",
"chunk_text": "\"Artemisia (film)\"\nmoving the easel outside and painting from nature. It lacks, however, detailed scenes showing drawings in the act of being created (for that you need \"\"La Belle Noiseuse\"\", Jacques Rivette's 1991 movie that peers intimately over the shoulder of an artist in love). And it doesn't show a lot of Artemisia's work. What it does show is the gift of Valentina Cervi, who is another of those modern European actresses, like Juliette Binoche, Irene Jacob, Emmanuelle Beart and Julie Delpy, whose intelligence, despite everything else, is the most attractive thing about her. Daphne Merkin wrote in the \"\"New Yorker\"\": This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10089896",
"chunk_text": "\"Judi Bowker\"\nJudi Bowker Judi Bowker (born 6 April 1954) is an English film and television actress. Bowker was born in Shawford, Hampshire, England. On stage from childhood, she first attracted international attention as the star of \"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty\"\", a 1972 TV series which was a \"\"continuation\"\" of the book. She also starred as Clare of Assisi in Franco Zeffirelli's \"\"Brother Sun, Sister Moon\"\", also from 1972. Her other well-known film appearances are as Princess Andromeda in the 1981 Ray Harryhausen film, \"\"Clash of the Titans\"\" and as Lady Olivia Lilburn in Alan Bridges' \"\"The Shooting Party\"\" (1985). She",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11485836",
"chunk_text": "\"Alice Braga\"\nAlice Braga Alice Braga Moraes (born April 15, 1983) is a Brazilian actress. She has appeared in several Brazilian films, most notably as Angélica in 2002's highly acclaimed \"\"City of God\"\" and as Karinna in 2005's \"\"Lower City\"\". She came to international prominence after appearing opposite Will Smith in \"\"I Am Legend\"\" (2007) and has since become a familiar face in Hollywood, appearing in films such as \"\"Repo Men\"\" and \"\"Predators\"\" (both 2010), \"\"The Rite\"\" (2011) and \"\"Elysium\"\" (2013). She plays main character Teresa Mendoza in the crime drama-thriller television series \"\"Queen of the South\"\" (2016–present). She played Wisdom in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4185311",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephanie Leonidas\"\nStephanie Leonidas Stephanie Leonidas (born 14 February 1984) is an English actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Helena in the fantasy film \"\"MirrorMask\"\" and as Irisa on the American science fiction television series, \"\"Defiance\"\". Leonidas was born in London, the daughter of a Greek Cypriot father and an English mother. She also has Welsh ancestry through her mother. Her younger brother Dimitri and younger sister Georgina are also actors. Leonidas started acting in community theatre when she was eight; at nine she acquired an agent and began to work in television. Notable credits include the television",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8085692",
"chunk_text": "\"Jessica Mae Stover\"\nJessica Mae Stover Jessica Mae Stover of Virginia is a motion picture auteur director, screenwriter and actor as well as an author and Millennial generation philosopher. She is best known for the motion picture project \"\"Artemis Eternal\"\" and the associated movie start-up, her books \"\"\"\", \"\"Greyfeather\"\", \"\"A Millennial Proposal\"\", \"\"Astral Fall\"\", and a show with an audience of five million behind the world's largest walled garden on AOL, Jessica's Crush. Despite sometimes appearing in personally designed \"\"uniforms,\"\" Jessica Mae Stover is frequently not recognized by press and fans, even at her own events. She has remarked that this effect is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880551",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nweekend, the film dropped to number five, grossing $8.5 million. In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number nine, grossing $4.2 million. \"\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\" received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 43% based on 181 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"It's bound to hit some viewers as an empty exercise in stylish gore, and despite a gonzo starring performance from Eva Green, \"\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\" is a step down from its predecessor.\"\" On Metacritic, the film has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9880538",
"chunk_text": "\"300: Rise of an Empire\"\nof Sparta tells her men about the Battle of Marathon, in which King Darius of Persia was killed by General Themistocles of Athens ten years earlier. Darius's son, Xerxes, witnesses his father's death, and is advised to not continue the war, since only \"\"the gods can defeat the Greeks\"\". Darius's naval commander, Artemisia, claims that Darius' last words were in fact a challenge and sends Xerxes on a journey through the desert. Xerxes finally reaches a cave and bathes in an otherworldly liquid, emerging as the 8-foot tall \"\"God-King\"\". He returns to Persia and declares war on Greece to avenge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19565015",
"chunk_text": "\"Monica Bellucci\"\nMonica Bellucci Monica Anna Maria Bellucci (, born 30 September 1964) is an Italian actress and model. Bellucci began her career as a fashion model, modeling for the likes of Dolce & Gabbana and Dior, before making a transition to Italian films and later Hollywood films and French films. A modern sex symbol, she is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful women in the world. She is perhaps best known to American audiences for her role as Persephone in the 2003 science-fiction films \"\"The Matrix Reloaded\"\" and \"\"The Matrix Revolutions\"\". She also played a Bride of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9427110",
"chunk_text": "\"Kerry Armstrong\"\nKerry Armstrong Kerry Michelle Armstrong (born 3 January 1958) is an Australian film, television and stage actress. She is one of only two actresses to win two Australian Film Institute Awards in the same year, winning Best Actress in a Leading Role for \"\"Lantana\"\" and Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama for \"\"SeaChange\"\" in 2001. After early television roles in Australia including \"\"Prisoner\"\" (1979) and \"\"Skyways\"\" (1980), Armstrong moved to the United States in 1981, where she played Ophelia in \"\"Hamlet\"\" and Isabella in \"\"Measure for Measure\"\" at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., and had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11903030",
"chunk_text": "\"Claudia Black\"\nClaudia Black Claudia Lee Black (born 11 October 1972) is an Australian actress and voice actress, best known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in \"\"Farscape\"\", Vala Mal Doran in \"\"Stargate SG-1\"\" and Sharon \"\"Shazza\"\" Montgomery in the film \"\"Pitch Black\"\". She has had prominent roles in video games, such as Chloe Frazer in \"\"Uncharted\"\", Morrigan in \"\"Dragon Age\"\", Admiral Daro'Xen and Matriarch Aethyta in \"\"Mass Effect\"\" and Samantha Byrne in \"\"Gears of War 3\"\". She had a recurring role as Dahlia in \"\"The Originals\"\" and also starred as Dr. Sabine Lommers in The CW's \"\"Containment\"\". Black was born and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "478121",
"chunk_text": "\"Marina Giordana\"\nrenowned filmmaker Ettore Scola, and the comedy \"\"Se fossi in te\"\" a.k.a. \"\"If I Were You\"\" (2001). Marina has also done much acting for television. She appeared in some TV movies in the 1980s and participated in TV series such as \"\"L'ispettore Giusti\"\" (1999) directed by Sergio Martino, and \"\"Giornalisti\"\" (2000). Marina is also remembered for playing the regular role of Artemisia Scalzi during the first two seasons (2003–2004) of the TV series \"\"Elisa di Rivombrosa\"\". Marina Giordana Marina Giordana (Rome, February 20, 1955) is an Italian actress. She is the daughter of actors Marina Berti and Claudio Gora, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10456135",
"chunk_text": "\"Alexa Davalos\"\nMarcia Gay Harden. In 2008, Davalos co-starred as the love interest of Daniel Craig in the war film \"\"Defiance\"\", directed by Edward Zwick. She played Andromeda in the remake of \"\"Clash of the Titans\"\", alongside Sam Worthington, Ralph Fiennes and Liam Neeson. She did not return for the 2012 sequel, \"\"Wrath of the Titans\"\", due to a scheduling conflict. In 2013, she reunited again with Frank Darabont playing the female lead on the television series \"\"Mob City\"\". Davalos is a close friend of actress Amanda Righetti, and was Righetti's bridesmaid at her wedding. Davalos considers herself to be a \"\"dork\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "399178",
"chunk_text": "\"Renee O'Connor\"\nRenee O'Connor Evelyn Renee O'Connor (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, producer, and director, known for the role of on the television series \"\"\"\". At sixteen, O'Connor began her career with a string of commercials and minor television roles. She first came to the attention of \"\"Xena\"\" executive producers Rob Tapert and Sam Raimi when she landed the role of Deianeira in their television movie \"\"Hercules and the Lost Kingdom\"\". In 2001, O'Connor began her own film production company, ROC Pictures. In 2002, she also played Lady Macbeth in the Shakespeare by the Sea's production of \"\"Macbeth\"\". She",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12929208",
"chunk_text": "\"Herostratus (film)\"\nHerostratus (film) Herostratus is a 1967 British film directed by Australian director Don Levy, about a young man who wants to commit suicide in public by jumping off a tall building. The film stars Mona Chin (Sandy), Michael Gothard (Max), Gabriella Licudi (Clio), Antony Paul (Pointer), and Peter Stephens (Farson); other parts are played by Hilda Marvin, Brigitte St. John, Malcolm Muggeridge, Vivienne Myles and (a then-unknown) Helen Mirren in her first film role. The title comes from the name of the Ancient Greek man Herostratus, who sought to immortalize his name by setting fire to the Temple of Artemis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16847734",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Manson\"\nAmy Manson Amy Manson (born 9 September 1985) is a Scottish actress, known for portraying Alice Guppy in \"\"Torchwood\"\", Abby Evans in \"\"Casualty\"\", Lizzie Siddal in \"\"Desperate Romantics\"\", Daisy Hannigan-Spiteri in \"\"Being Human\"\", Medea in \"\"Atlantis\"\", and Merida in the fifth season of the ABC fairy tale drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Born and brought up in Aberdeenshire, Manson has a sister, Ailsa and a brother, James. She attended Stage Coach, a Saturday drama school, before leaving home for London at the age of seventeen. She trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama, leaving early to film",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_847
|
who is the most played artist on spotify?
|
n/a
|
[
"Justin Bieber",
"Ed Sheeran"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486106",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nincluding the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists, while supporting Right-to-left text in their apps. In October 2015, \"\"Thinking Out Loud\"\" by Ed Sheeran became the first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that \"\"Lean On\"\" by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 3.185 billion total streams. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486107",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nDecember 2016, Drake's just-under 26 million monthly listeners were overtaken by the Weeknd's 36.068 million. Later that month, Drake's song \"\"One Dance\"\" became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single \"\"Look What You Made Me Do\"\" by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On June 19, 2018, XXXTentacion's hit single \"\"Sad!\"\" broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams the day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11629033",
"chunk_text": "\"One Dance\"\nyear. On October 15, 2016, \"\"One Dance\"\" became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams, overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's \"\"Lean On\"\". Ed Sheeran's \"\"Shape of You\"\" overtook \"\"One Dance\"\" as the most streamed song on Spotify on September 21, 2017. \"\"One Dance\"\" was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling singles of all-time. In early 2016, UK funky artist Kyla was first contacted by Drake's production team regarding the use of her 2008 song \"\"Do You Mind (Crazy Cousinz",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486064",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nNovember 2018, it had 191 million monthly active users, including 87 million paying subscribers. Unlike physical or download sales, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the number of artists' streams as a proportion of total songs streamed. It distributes approximately 70% of total revenue to rights holders, who then pay artists based on their individual agreements. Spotify has faced criticism from artists and producers including Taylor Swift and Thom Yorke, who argued that it does not fairly compensate musicians. In April 2017, as part of its efforts to renegotiate license",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3409000",
"chunk_text": "\"Billboard 200\"\nupdated the methodology of their album chart to also include on-demand streaming and digital track sales (as measured by Nielsen SoundScan) by way of a new algorithm, utilizing data from all of the major on-demand audio subscription and online music sales services in the United States. As of the issue dated December 22, 2018, the current number-one album on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 is \"\"Skins\"\" by XXXTentacion. \"\"Billboard\"\" began an album chart in 1945. Initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486125",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nroyalties based on their \"\"market share\"\"—the number of streams for their songs as a proportion of total songs streamed on the service. Spotify distributes approximately 70% of its total revenue to rights-holders, who will then pay artists based on their individual agreements. Multiple artists and bands have given harsh critique to Spotify over its payment policy, with the most notable examples being Thom Yorke and Taylor Swift, two hugely successful artists who withdrew their entire music collections from the service. Their catalogues returned to the service in 2017. While the streaming music industry in general faces the same critique about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5657685",
"chunk_text": "\"Dance/Mix Show Airplay\"\nchart, followed by Rihanna with 33 (9 on this chart) and Perry with 19 (including 4 on this chart) while achieving success at Pop and Rhythmic. As of 2018, Calvin Harris and Rihanna have accumulated the most chart toppers, with twelve number ones apiece. Rihanna was also the youngest artist on this chart to reach number one with \"\"Pon de Replay\"\" in 2005, when she was 16, while Harris leads among male artists. Madonna is the only artist on this chart to see seven singles all reach number one consecutively, making her the only artist on this chart to accomplish",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3635689",
"chunk_text": "\"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart\"\nnumber ones under his real name, Guetta also records under the alias Jack Back, and has placed two number ones under that project, the latest being \"\"(It Happens) Sometimes,\"\" which reached the top spot in its December 1, 2018 issue. He can also claim the most charted songs on Dance/Mix Show Airplay with 39 titles, seven of them having reached number one since that chart's 2003 inception (only Calvin Harris and Rihanna, both of whom have also worked with Guetta, both lead that chart with 12 number ones each). American singer, songwriter, and record executive Martha Wash has a total",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2128146",
"chunk_text": "\"2010s in the music industry\"\nAs a result, music superstars have been trying a new method for increasing album profits: exclusively releasing their music on a specific digital music distributor. 2016 saw exclusive album releases from music superstars such as Drake, Kanye West, Frank Ocean, Beyoncé, Rihanna, Future & Coldplay. Drake's latest release, \"\"Views\"\", was exclusively released on Apple Music and set a first-week streaming record at 250 million times worldwide, in addition to 1 million albums sold – breaking Justin Bieber's streaming record of 205 million times within the album \"\"Purpose\"\"'s first week of release on Spotify (which has 5 times the subscribers as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14341154",
"chunk_text": "\"Dance/Mix Show Airplay\"\nnumber ones on this chart, while The Chainsmokers can claim the most weeks at number one, with 48. Calvin Harris and Rihanna shared 14 weeks with \"\"We Found Love\"\" and twelve with \"\"This Is What You Came For,\"\" but Harris has logged the most weeks on the chart as his nine other singles have spent 10 or more weeks at number one. This list features artists who have reached the top ten, even if they didn't reach number one, since the launch of the chart in 2003. As of 2017, Rihanna and David Guetta both lead with 24 top ten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486127",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nof the money earned from Spotify, and the CEO of Merlin Network, a representative body for over 10,000 independent labels, has also observed significant yearly growth rates in earnings from Spotify, while clarifying that Spotify pays labels, not artists. In May 2018, Spotify attracted criticism for its \"\"Hate Content & Hateful Conduct policy\"\" that removed the music of R. Kelly and XXXTentacion from its editorial and algorithmic playlists because \"\"When we look at promotion, we look at issues around hateful conduct, where you have an artist or another creator who has done something off-platform that is so particularly out of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486124",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nof the iPhone via the watch. Users can also choose which devices to play music on via Bluetooth. In September 2010, the World Economic Forum (WEF) announced the company as a Technology Pioneer for 2011. In August 2017, Spotify was the most downloaded music app on the iOS platform in the United States. Spotify has attracted significant criticism since its 2008 launch. The primary point of criticism centres around what artists, music creators and the media have described as \"\"unsustainable\"\" compensation. Unlike physical sales or legal downloads, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11492714",
"chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Spotify\"\nCriticism of Spotify Spotify, a music streaming company, has attracted significant criticism since its 2008 launch, mainly over artist compensation. Unlike physical sales or downloads, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the artist's \"\"market share\"\"—the number of streams for their songs as a proportion of total songs streamed on the service. Spotify distributes approximately 70% of its total revenue to rights holders, who then pay artists based on their individual agreements. Multiple artists have criticised the policy, most notably Thom Yorke and Taylor Swift, who temporarily withdrew their music from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17983708",
"chunk_text": "\"Broadcast Music, Inc.\"\nsuch as Patti LaBelle, Selena, Demi Lovato, Fifth Harmony, Lil Wayne, Birdman, Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, Eminem, Rihanna, Shakira, Ed Sheeran, Sam Cooke, Willie Nelson, Fats Domino and Dolly Parton; bands as diverse as Maroon 5, Evanescence, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Nickelback, and Linkin Park; and composers such as Harry Gregson-Williams, John Williams, and Danny Elfman and musical songwriters Richard & Robert Sherman. BMI also represents Michael Jackson's music catalog, Sony/ATV Music Publishing, which features the late artist's music as well as the largest repertoire of any catalog in history. In the 1930s, radio was coming to prominence as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6859040",
"chunk_text": "\"Official Audio Streaming Chart\"\nthe Official Streaming Chart was relaunched as the Official Audio Streaming Chart. The Top 100 is published on the OCC website. The first song to top the rebranded chart was \"\"Sing\"\" by Ed Sheeran. The chart was first launched on 14 May 2012. Its first number one was \"\"Call Me Maybe\"\" by Carly Rae Jepsen. At the time of the chart's launch, the most streamed artist of the year was Ed Sheeran. Sheeran remarked that streaming services had \"\"always been an important way for [him] to get music out to [his] fans\"\". Martin Talbot, managing director of the OCC, stated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16920177",
"chunk_text": "\"Invasion of Privacy (album)\"\nin its first week, with 103,000 coming from pure album sales. At the time of its release, it became the second biggest first-week sales of 2018, after Justin Timberlake's \"\"Man of the Woods\"\". Cardi B became the fifth female rapper to top the chart, and also achieved the largest on-demand audio streaming week ever for an album by a woman with 202.6 million streams, which translated to 135,000 streaming-equivalent units. On the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart dated April 21, Cardi B listed 13 songs, with 12 of them being songs from \"\"Invasion of Privacy\"\", thus surpassing Beyoncé for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1366425",
"chunk_text": "\"DJ Skee\"\nDJ Skee Scott Keeney (born November 15, 1983), better known by his stage name DJ Skee, is an American artist, television host, radio personality, philanthropist and entrepreneur. Skee rose to fame as the first DJ to discover and play superstar artists on the radio including Kendrick Lamar, Justin Bieber, Akon, Lorde, and Lady Gaga amongst many others. In 2015, Skee officially launched Dash Radio, which has since become world's largest all original digital radio network with investments from the likes of L.A. Reid, Adrian Peterson, Kevin Colleran, Michael Lazerow and more. Now reaching over 5 million listeners worldwide, Dash Radio",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14185632",
"chunk_text": "\"Now That's What I Call Music!\"\n\"\"Now That's What I Call Music! 44\"\", which has sold 2.3 million copies and remains the biggest selling various artists compilation album in the UK. 2008's \"\"Now That's What I Call Music! 70\"\" sold 383,002 units in the first week of sales, the biggest ever first week sale of any \"\"Now\"\" album. Now That's What I Call Music! 87 holds the achievement for the most songs released on a Now album, featuring 47 songs in total. As of 2018, the most featured artist was Robbie Williams with 30 singles, followed by Rihanna and Calvin Harris with 27, David Guetta with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11004796",
"chunk_text": "\"More Life\"\nin-built, so judicious use of the skip function is required, but this is high-quality filler.\"\" Worldwide, on the day of its release, \"\"More Life\"\" broke streaming records on both Spotify and Apple Music. The tracks of the album achieved a total of 61.3 million streams on Spotify in a single day, breaking the previous record of 56.7 million for \"\"÷\"\" by Ed Sheeran, in early March 2017. On Apple Music, the tracks of the album achieved a total of 89.9 million streams on the day of release (not including the number of listeners during the \"\"OVO Sound Radio\"\" debut of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6601490",
"chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\neight that were achieved from the success of his album \"\"Purpose\"\" and was featured in the 2017 Edition. These records included the most streamed track on Spotify in one week, the most streamed album on Spotify in one week, the most simultaneous tracks and most simultaneous new entries on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 by a solo artist, the first act to occupy all top three positions simultaneously on the UK Singles Chart, the most followers on Twitter by a male, the most viewed music channel on YouTube by an individual, and the most subscribers on YouTube for a musician",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16445292",
"chunk_text": "\"Justin Bieber\"\n44.7 million. He has sold an estimated 140 million records, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists, and became the second person to reach 100 million followers on Twitter in August 2017 after Katy Perry. Bieber has won numerous awards throughout his career, including an American Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2010 and 2012, a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\", and a Latin Grammy Award. He has been listed three times by \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine among the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world, in 2011, 2012,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2236255",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Music\"\nissue later fixed. Additionally, Apple Music's use of album exclusives caused backlash and criticism from record labels, prompting the company to scale back its exclusivity efforts. Apple Music rapidly gained popularity after its launch, passing the milestone of 10 million subscribers after only six months. There were 56 million subscribers as of December 2018. Apple Music lets users select music to stream to their device on demand. They can also listen to playlists curated by \"\"music experts\"\". Beats 1, the service's 24-hour radio station led by DJ Zane Lowe, broadcasts in over 100 countries. This service is free for all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5657688",
"chunk_text": "\"Dance/Mix Show Airplay\"\nsingles apiece. Guetta, in part due to being a producer and DJ/remixer, has the most charted singles that feature guest vocalists that perform on his songs. Additionally, both artists also share a top ten song together here, \"\"Who's That Chick?\"\" (number 7 in January 2011). Guetta also leads among artists with the most charted songs overall at Dance/Mix Show Airplay, with 39 titles. \"\"Closer\"\" by The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey (as of the January 21, 2017 issue) holds the record for the most consecutive weeks at number one, at 20, dethroning the 15-week run of \"\"Poker Face\"\" by Lady Gaga (as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7626190",
"chunk_text": "\"2010s in music\"\nso far in this decade (nine), spending 41 weeks at the top of the chart, followed by Katy Perry with 9 #1 singles at a 26-week reign and Bruno Mars with 7 #1 singles leading 32 weeks. Justin Bieber and Taylor Swift both have five #1 singles this decade so far, Bieber spending 23 weeks at #1 and Swift with 18 weeks. Adele followed with four #1 singles at her name spending 24 weeks at the top. Kesha earned three #1 singles this decade so far, spending 13 weeks at the top of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Among all those",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1788077",
"chunk_text": "\"Bang (company)\"\nHis formal education and experience anticipated the company's continued push into longer-form video and film content. In 2012, Senior Engineer Paul Vītolinš joined BANG, supporting the company's increasing work in audio post production. In addition, Vītolinš spearheaded BANG's work with music streaming service, Spotify, recording and mixing live artist sessions in New York City and in tour locations, including at the 2013-2016 SXSW Festivals. By 2017 the company had mixed over 260 live artist session for Spotify, including Kendrick Lamar, John Legend, Jackson Browne, Nate Ruess, Jason Derulo, Run The Jewels, Metallica, Willie Nelson, Passion Pit, Kacey Musgraves, Green Day,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5657684",
"chunk_text": "\"Dance/Mix Show Airplay\"\n26 weeks are removed and go to the 20-song recurrent status. With the exception of Madonna, David Guetta, Kaskade, Calvin Harris, and The Chainsmokers, all of whom crossed over to Pop from Dance and continue to be core Dance artists, the artists in the following lists are Pop and/or Rhythmic acts; the songs that landed them on the Dance chart were generally remixes of the original recordings. Rihanna and Katy Perry, however, has been more successful at both Dance Club Songs and Dance/Mix Show Airplay, where Madonna leads with 46 number ones at the former, seven of those on this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16368629",
"chunk_text": "\"Eminem singles discography\"\nand \"\"The Monster\"\" featuring Rihanna. \"\"The Monster\"\" became Eminem's fifth No.1 single on the Hot 100, tying him with rappers Ludacris and P. Diddy for rappers with the most No.1 singles in the USA. In May 2014, Eminem was announced as the most streamed artist of all time on Spotify. As of November 2010, Eminem has four songs that have sold over three million downloads in the United States. Eminem has sold more than 42 million track downloads in the United States alone. Eminem singles discography American rapper Eminem has released fifty-one singles as a lead artist and five promotional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16028788",
"chunk_text": "\"Hip hop music\"\n2017 Best Rap Album. In 2017, Drake released a free streaming-only project titled \"\"More Life\"\", which he called a \"\"playlist\"\", insisting that its not a mixtape nor an album. The online audio distribution platform SoundCloud played a massive role in the creation of various artists' careers in the latter half of the 2010s. Mainstream acts to start on SoundCloud include Post Malone, Lil Uzi Vert, Russ, Bryson Tiller, Lil Xan, Lil Pump, Lil Peep, Lil Skies, Smokepurpp, Ski Mask the Slump God, XXXTentacion, Trippie Redd, Playboi Carti, YBN Nahmir, Tay-K, ZillaKami, Ugly God, NAV among others. These songs are usually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9913863",
"chunk_text": "\"The Official Vodafone Big Top 40\"\nweek, and 98% of all albums. It is therefore subscribed to by the British music industry and wider media as the UK's official weekly measure of recorded music popularity. The song holding the record for most weeks at No.1 is \"\"Despacito\"\" by Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee and Justin Bieber with 11 non-consecutive weeks. The longest song to stay at number one consecutively is \"\"These Days\"\" by Rudimental, Jess Glynne, Macklemore and Dan Caplen (4 February - 1 April 2018). On 8 May 2016, a technical problem at Arqiva's satellite communication centre caused the IRN satellite feed, which would usually connect",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1366430",
"chunk_text": "\"DJ Skee\"\nFuse, \"\"Skee TV\"\" is a one-hour original series that provides insider access to the hottest musical artists, athletes, celebrities and cultural tastemakers via exclusive interviews and live performances. DJ Skee Scott Keeney (born November 15, 1983), better known by his stage name DJ Skee, is an American artist, television host, radio personality, philanthropist and entrepreneur. Skee rose to fame as the first DJ to discover and play superstar artists on the radio including Kendrick Lamar, Justin Bieber, Akon, Lorde, and Lady Gaga amongst many others. In 2015, Skee officially launched Dash Radio, which has since become world's largest all original",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8352980",
"chunk_text": "\"Max Martin\"\nTaylor Swift's \"\"Blank Space\"\" (2014), and The Weeknd's \"\"Can't Feel My Face\"\" (2015). Martin is the songwriter with the third-most number-one singles on the chart, behind only Paul McCartney (32) and John Lennon (26). In addition, he has had the second most Hot 100 number-one singles as a producer, 20, behind George Martin, who had achieved 23 by the time of his death. In early 2013, his single sales were tallied by \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" to be at over 135 million. According to \"\"Variety\"\", his net worth was approximately $260 million in 2017. The previous year he achieved approximately an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3635626",
"chunk_text": "\"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart\"\nvia way of Summer moving into a tie with Lopez in 2018; Guetta moved up later in the year due to having admitted to record under a alias, thus being credited as one artist. Pet Shop Boys leads among duo or groups with 11 number-ones, while Christina Aguilera and Prince are tied with 10 number ones. American singer, songwriter, and producer Madonna has achieved a record-extending 46 number-one songs on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Dance Club Songs chart. In addition to this feat, she also holds the record for the most chart hits, the most top-twenty hits, the most top-ten hits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15933666",
"chunk_text": "\"David Franj\"\npeaked at No. 4. By the end of that year it was certified platinum for shipment of 70,000 units. At the APRA Music Awards of 2009 \"\"Perfect\"\" was nominated for Most Played Australian Work. The single has also recently been given the illustrious title of Most Played Song on Radio by an Australian artist in the past decade (114 weeks on 29 June 2011), an accolade only beaten internationally by two other artists – Coldplay and Kings of Leon. David Franj David Franj (born 23 September 1975) is the performance name of David Frangiosa (also seen as David Franciosa), who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14287706",
"chunk_text": "\"Mexico Airplay\"\nAirplay, and the \"\"Billboard\"\" Latin Songs chart in the United States, where it spent 41 consecutive weeks at the top and won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year. In 2015, \"\"Lean On\"\" by American electronic duo Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ peaked at number-one on the chart and was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, with 526 million streams globally. By 2018, Scottish DJ Calvin Harris is the performer with the most number-one singles on the Mexico Airplay chart, with eight chart toppers. Mexico Airplay Mexico Airplay is a record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486108",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\na customer base of one million paying subscribers across Europe, and by September 2011, the number of paying subscribers had doubled to two million. In August 2012, \"\"Time\"\" reported 15 million active users, four million being paying Spotify subscribers. User growth continued, reaching 20 million total active users, including 5 million paying customers globally and 1 million paying customers in the United States, in December 2012. By March 2013, the service had 24 million active users, 6 million being paying subscribers, which grew to 40 million users (including 10 million paying) in May 2014, 60 million users (including 15 million",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20959891",
"chunk_text": "\"Big Machine Records\"\nand UMG. Big Machine was valued at $300 million. On November 19, 2018, after her contract with Big Machine expired, Taylor Swift signed with UMG. After Swift and Big Machine withdrew her catalog from Spotify in November 2014, the streaming service launched a social media campaign to persuade Swift to return and, in a statement on its website, claimed that 16 million of over 40 million users had played her music in the preceding 30-day period. In mid-November, Borchetta disputed figures released by Spotify that claimed that Swift would receive US$6 million annually from the streaming site—Borchetta said in a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1125555",
"chunk_text": "\"Music download\"\nin the United States was held by Gwen Stefani's \"\"Hollaback Girl\"\", which sold over one million downloads, making it the first song to achieve platinum download status. , the record for the best-selling downloaded single in the United States on the iTunes Store is held by The Black Eyed Peas's \"\"I Gotta Feeling\"\", which has sold over 8 million downloads. Soon after his death in 2009, Michael Jackson became the first artist to sell over one million songs downloaded via the Internet in one week. However, Adele marks the most downloads sold by a single song in a week, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18958166",
"chunk_text": "Despacito\nIt is also the 30th best-selling single in the country with 1,900,599 combined sales (566,425 digital sales and 1,334,174 streaming-equivalent sales) as of September 19, 2017. It also became the song with most weeks at number one in Switzerland and Germany. It is the third and eighth best-performing single of all-time in Switzerland and Sweden, respectively. The success of the song and its remix version led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened-to artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify on July 9, 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. He later became the fifth most listened-to male",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11941831",
"chunk_text": "\"2010s in music\"\nmandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, bongos, banjo, and accordion, have been used more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer-songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Chris Stapleton and Zac Brown Band. Throughout the 2010s, hip hop music grew as a genre. In 2017, with the increase in streaming services influence over the Billboard Hot 100 rap music became the most popular genre in the US in its 4th decade of growth. Artists like Kendrick Lamar, Drake, Future, Chance the Rapper, Travis Scott, Playboi Carti, J. Cole, Gucci Mane, Migos,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10414372",
"chunk_text": "\"Sam Martin (singer)\"\nSam Martin (singer) Samuel Denison \"\"Sam\"\" Martin (born February 7, 1983) is an American Grammy Award-winning musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. His song \"\"Want to Want Me\"\" (released by Jason Derulo) holds the record for the most adds in the American contemporary hit radio history. Martin's first song he wrote for another artist became the song \"\"Daylight\"\" by Maroon 5, which peaked at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" charts. His writing on the album \"\"Fly Rasta\"\", released by Ziggy Marley, led it to becoming a number-one reggae album as well as a receiving a Grammy Award. He rose to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9019642",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardi B\"\nCardi the female rapper with most cumulative weeks atop the chart, with eleven weeks. In October 2018, \"\"Invasion of Privacy\"\" was certified double platinum by the RIAA. All 13 tracks were certified gold or higher in the country. Cardi B received the most nominations for the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards with 12 mentions, winning three awards. She also tied with Drake for the most nominations at the 2018 American Music Awards. She won three AMAs and performed at the ceremony. Her single \"\"Money\"\" and her collaboration with DJ Snake \"\"Taki Taki\"\" entered the top 20 on the Hot 100.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5586989",
"chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Spotify\"\nThe publication listed 50 of the top artists under suspicion, and asked them to contact the publication to verify their authenticity, adding that \"\"We’re pretty sure A&R teams from across the globe would love to hear about artists with no online presence who have managed to rack up millions of Spotify plays with their first few tracks\"\". In May 2018, Spotify attracted criticism for its \"\"Hate Content & Hateful Conduct policy\"\" that removed the music of R. Kelly and XXXTentacion from its editorial and algorithmic playlists because \"\"When we look at promotion, we look at issues around hateful conduct, where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18821527",
"chunk_text": "\"Xx (album)\"\npop acts incorporated the record's distinctive musical characteristics into their own songs. Petridis later wrote that to his surprise much of 2016's best-selling singles \"\"sounded oddly but irrefutably\"\" like the album: \"\"You can hear its muted, echoing guitars on everything from the Chainsmokers' 'Don't Let Me Down' to Shawn Mendes' 'Stitches' to Zara Larsson's 'Lush Life'.\"\" Ryan Tedder, who wrote hit songs for such top-selling singers as Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, and Ariana Grande, said the xx's \"\"hauntingness\"\" on the record \"\"gets referenced in at least every other [writing] session\"\". By January 2017, \"\"xx\"\" had reached 562,400 copies sold in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13893642",
"chunk_text": "\"Official Albums Streaming Chart\"\nalbum format – the CD. Initial indications are that the impact on actual chart positions will be modest to begin with, but we expect this to grow as streaming becomes increasingly popular.\"\" The first album to top the streaming chart was Ed Sheeran's second album x, which topped the chart on 1 March 2015 with streaming sales of 3,369. Sheeran's third album \"\"÷\"\" has spent the most weeks at number one on the chart, with 34 weeks as of December 2017, and the most consecutive weeks with 26. Official Albums Streaming Chart The Official Albums Streaming Chart is a music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20486129",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nas Gary Glitter and Lostprophets are still hidden from Spotify's radio stations and search results. In addition to the previous criticism, the company has attracted media attention for several forms of security breaches, as well as for controversial company behaviours, including a significant change to its privacy policy, \"\"pay for play\"\" practices based on receiving money from labels for putting specific songs on popular playlists, and allegedly creating \"\"fake artists\"\" for prominent playlist placement, the last of which Spotify has vehemently denied. Spotify has also come under criticism for carrying podcasts of the right wing conspiracy theorist Alex Jones. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5586991",
"chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Spotify\"\nto regulate artists. Therefore, we are moving away from implementing a policy around artist conduct\"\". On June 27, 2018, when rapper Drake released his fifth studio album \"\"Scorpion\"\", Spotify revamped most of its playlist to include the rapper and singer's face, even when the playlist didn't specifically have a Drake song in it. The change was dubbed \"\"Scorpion SZN\"\" by Spotify. However, some users complained about the repetitive use of the artist's likeness on the website's front page, while Spotify Premium users demanded refunds, dissatisfied with seeing music promotion on what was supposed to be an ad-free service. Spotify gave",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9019643",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardi B\"\n\"\"Taki Taki\"\" topped the charts in a number of Hispanic countries. \"\"People en Español\"\" named her Star of the Year. \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" deemed her \"\"a pop culture phenomenon\"\", as she was named one of \"\"2018 Entertainers of the Year.\"\" On November 30, 2018, Cardi B was honored at \"\"Ebony\"\"s annual Power 100 Gala. Cardi ranked fifth on the 2018 \"\"Billboard\"\" Year-End Top Artists chart, while \"\"Invasion of Privacy\"\" ranked sixth. She also topped streaming services' rankings, including Apple Music (the most-streamed album of the year by a female artist globally) and Spotify (the most streamed female artist of the year",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2974362",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Music\"\nexecutives, Spotify had also introduced a new policy that said that the service would not give the same level of promotion once an album arrives on Spotify after other services, including not being prominently featured in playlists. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" wrote in October 2016 that \"\"if you wanted to keep up with new albums by Beyoncé, Drake, Frank Ocean and Kanye West, among many others, you would have had to subscribe to not one but two streaming services\"\", adding, \"\"But over the past few months, a backlash has developed against this new reality\"\". Lady Gaga told Apple Music's Beats 1 radio,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8627047",
"chunk_text": "\"2010s in music\"\nOn July 17, 2017, \"\"Forbes\"\" reported that hip-hop/R&B (which Nielsen SoundScan classifies as the same genre) had recently usurped rock as the most consumed musical genre, becoming the most popular genre in music for the first time in U.S. history. A number of hip hop labels have also grown influential during this decade, among which have been Grand Hustle Records, GOOD Music, Cash Money Records, Roc Nation, Maybach Music Group, Top Dawg Entertainment, and Def Jam Recordings. Hip hop acts that were introduced to mainstream in the beginning of the decade included Drake, Kendrick Lamar, J. Cole, Kid Cudi, Big",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19641349",
"chunk_text": "Spotify\nEmoji, Basement, Hiptronix, Six Strings and Cyclone (hip-hop, electronic, pop, guitar-driven and experimental music respectively). The playlists spotlight lesser-known musicians and their songs which are listened to by 100,000 randomly chosen users and are talked about on 10 to 20,000 music blogs. They are updated every Wednesday, and can contain a maximum of up to 50 songs. In August 2016, Spotify launched Release Radar, a personalised playlist that allows users to stay up-to-date on new music released by artists they listen to the most. It also helps users discover new music, by mixing in other artists' music. The playlist is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_848
|
which term describes the replacement of damaged cells to mend a tissue?
|
n/a
|
[
"Stromal cells"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8086266",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell damage\"\ncell dies the body will remove it and replace it with another functioning cell, or fill the gap with connective tissue to provide structural support for the remaining cells. The motto of the repair process is to fill a gap caused by the damaged cells to regain structural continuity. Normal cells try to regenerate the damaged cells but this cannot always happen. Asexual reproduction is what repairs cells Regeneration of parenchyma cells, or the functional cells, of an organism. The body can make more cells to replace the damaged cells keeping the organ or tissue intact and fully functional. When",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18797761",
"chunk_text": "\"Wound healing\"\nto wound healing. An injury is an interruption of morphology and/or functionality of a given tissue. After injury, structural tissue heals with incomplete or complete regeneration. Whereas, tissue without an interruption to the morphology almost always completely regenerates. An example of complete regeneration without an interruption of the morphology is non-injured tissue, such as skin. Non-injured skin has a continued replacement and regeneration of cells which always results in complete regeneration. There is a subtle distinction between 'repair' and 'regeneration'. \"\"Repair\"\" means \"\"incomplete regeneration\"\". Repair or incomplete regeneration, refers to the physiologic adaptation of an organ after injury in an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16244950",
"chunk_text": "\"Regenerative medicine\"\nRegenerative medicine Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research in tissue engineering and molecular biology which deals with the \"\"process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function\"\". This field holds the promise of engineering damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms to functionally heal previously irreparable tissues or organs. Regenerative medicine also includes the possibility of growing tissues and organs in the laboratory and implanting them when the body cannot heal itself. If a regenerated organ's cells would be derived from the patient's own tissue or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1447829",
"chunk_text": "Healing\nHealing Healing is the process of the restoration of health from an unbalanced, diseased or damaged organism. The result of healing can be a cure to a health challenge, but one can heal without being cured. The profession of nursing has been traditionally concerned with matters of healing, whereas historically the profession of medicine has been concerned with curing. With physical damage or disease suffered by an organism, healing involves the repair of living tissue, organs and the biological system as a whole and resumption of normal functioning. It is the process by which the cells in the body regenerate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1897517",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue remodeling\"\nTissue remodeling Tissue remodeling is the reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. Tissue remodeling can be either physiological or pathological. The process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling. Macrophages repair wounds and remodel tissue by producing extracellular matrix and proteases to modify that specific matrix. A myocardial infarction induces tissue remodeling of the heart in a three-phase process: inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Inflammation is characterized by massive necrosis in the infarcted area. Inflammatory cells clear the dead cells.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1447830",
"chunk_text": "Healing\nand repair to reduce the size of a damaged or necrotic area and replace it with new living tissue. The replacement can happen in two ways: by \"\"regeneration\"\" in which the necrotic cells are replaced by new cells that form similar tissue as was originally there; or by \"\"repair\"\" in which injured tissue is replaced with scar tissue. Most organs will heal using a mixture of both mechanisms. It is also referred to in the context of the grieving process. In psychiatry and psychology, healing is the process by which neuroses and psychoses are resolved to the degree that the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20328910",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society\"\nTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society is an international learned society. Regenerative medicine involves processes of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function. A major technology of regenerative medicine is tissue engineering, which has variously been defined as \"\"an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function\"\", or \"\"the creation of new tissue by the deliberate and controlled stimulation of selected target cells through a systematic combination",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17086839",
"chunk_text": "\"Wound healing\"\neffort to re-establish continuity without regards to exact replacement of lost/damaged tissue. \"\"True tissue regeneration\"\" or \"\"complete regeneration\"\", refers to the replacement of lost/damaged tissue with an ‘exact’ copy, such that both morphology and functionality are completely restored. Though after injury mammals can completely regenerate spontaneously, they usually do not completely regenerate. An example of a tissue regenerating completely after an interruption of morphology is the endometrium; the endometrium after the process of breakdown via the menstruation cycle heals with complete regeneration. In some instances, after a tissue breakdown, such as in skin, a regeneration closer to complete regeneration may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12941487",
"chunk_text": "\"Regeneration (biology)\"\nRegeneration (biology) In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans. Regeneration can either be complete where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue, or incomplete where after the necrotic tissue comes fibrosis. At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation. Regeneration in biology, however, mainly refers to the morphogenic processes that characterize the phenotypic plasticity of traits allowing multi-cellular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8086260",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell damage\"\nCell damage Cell damage (also known as cell injury) is a variety or changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well internal environmental changes. Among other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or authors=etal}}</ref> Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell’s ability to repair itself. Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused. Cell death may occur by necrosis or apoptosis. The most notable components",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8086267",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell damage\"\na cell cannot be regenerated the body will replace it with stromal connective tissue to maintain tissue/organ function. Stromal cells are the cells that support the parenchymal cells in any organ. Fibroblasts, immune cells, pericytes, and inflammatory cells are the most common types of stromal cells. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion is a common biological alteration that occurs with cellular injury. This change can happen despite the inciting agent of the cell damage. A reduction in intracellular ATP can have a number of functional and morphologic consequences during cell injury. These effects include: DNA damage (or RNA damage in the case",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13909144",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue engineering\"\nTissue engineering Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a tissue scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own. While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17086852",
"chunk_text": "\"Wound healing\"\nin the clinical understanding of wounds and their pathophysiology have commanded significant biomedical innovations in the treatment of acute, chronic, and other types of wounds. Many biologics, skin substitutes, biomembranes and scaffolds have been developed to facilitate wound healing through various mechanisms. This includes a number of products under the trade names such as \"\"Epicel\"\", \"\"Laserskin\"\", \"\"Transcyte, Dermagraft, AlloDerm/Strattice, Biobrane, Integra, Apligraf, OrCel, GraftJacket and PermaDerm.\"\" Wound healing Wound healing is a complex process in which the skin, and the tissues under it, repair themselves after injury. In this article, wound healing is depicted in a discrete timeline of physical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19650968",
"chunk_text": "\"Wound healing\"\nWound healing Wound healing is a complex process in which the skin, and the tissues under it, repair themselves after injury. In this article, wound healing is depicted in a discrete timeline of physical attributes (phases) constituting the post-trauma repairing process. In undamaged skin, the epidermis (surface layer) and dermis (deeper layer) form a protective barrier against the external environment. When the barrier is broken, a regulated sequence of biochemical events is set into motion to repair the damage. This process is divided into predictable phases: blood clotting (hemostasis), inflammation, tissue growth (proliferation), and tissue remodeling (maturation). Blood clotting may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12941531",
"chunk_text": "\"Regeneration (biology)\"\nmucus is secreted into the wound and this initiates the healing process. One study showed that the majority of the wounded area was regenerated within 4 months, but the regenerated area also showed a high degree of variability. Regeneration (biology) In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans. Regeneration can either be complete where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue, or incomplete where after the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2135129",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell damage\"\nrepair double-strand DNA damages likely played a key role in the evolution of sexual reproduction (see Evolution of sexual reproduction and reference. In extant eukaryotes, HRR during meiosis provides the major benefit of maintaining fertility. Cell damage Cell damage (also known as cell injury) is a variety or changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well internal environmental changes. Among other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or authors=etal}}</ref> Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell’s ability to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11889291",
"chunk_text": "\"Fixation (histology)\"\nFixation (histology) In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability. Tissue fixation is a critical step in the preparation of histological sections, its broad objective being to preserve cells and tissue components and to do this in such a way as to allow for the preparation of thin, stained sections. This allows the investigation of the tissues' structure, which is determined by the shapes and sizes of such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8287762",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue engineering\"\nof or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term \"\"regenerative medicine\"\" is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues. A commonly applied definition of tissue engineering, as stated by Langer and Vacanti,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20834985",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue (biology)\"\nTissue (biology) In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues. The English word is derived from the French \"\"tissu\"\", meaning something that is woven, from the verb \"\"tisser\"\", \"\"to weave\"\". The study of human and animal tissues is known as histology or, in connection with disease, histopathology. For plants, the discipline is called plant anatomy. The classical tools for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6654719",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell ablation\"\nCell ablation Cell ablation (also known as tissue ablation) is a biotechnological tool for studying cell lineage and/or function and is a form of ablation. The process consists of selectively destroying one or multiple cells in a given organism by any chosen means. For example, a laser beam or a controllable gene promoter for a toxin gene can be used to destroy a selected amount of cells. Cell ablation can also be used as a tool to produce transgenic organisms lacking a cell type and as a cure for certain disorders such as cancer and leukemia. The term is not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4261971",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell therapy\"\nCell therapy Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy or cytotherapy) is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient; this generally means intact, living cells. For example, T cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity may be injected in the course of immunotherapy. Cell therapy originated in the nineteenth century when scientists experimented by injecting animal material in an attempt to prevent and treat illness. Although such attempts produced no positive benefit, further research found in the mid twentieth century that human cells could be used to help prevent the human body rejecting transplanted organs, leading",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12802876",
"chunk_text": "Biomaterial\nBiomaterial A biomaterial is any substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose - either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. As a science, biomaterials is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science. Note that a biomaterial is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12038049",
"chunk_text": "Rejuvenation\nRejuvenation Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process. Rejuvenation is distinct from life extension. Life extension strategies often study the causes of aging and try to oppose those causes in order to slow aging. Rejuvenation is the \"\"reversal\"\" of aging and thus requires a different strategy, namely repair of the damage that is associated with aging or replacement of damaged tissue with new tissue. Rejuvenation can be a means of life extension, but most life extension strategies do not involve rejuvenation. Various myths tell the stories about the quest for rejuvenation. It was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8724909",
"chunk_text": "\"Regeneration in humans\"\nRegeneration in humans Regeneration in humans is the regrowth of lost tissues or organs in response to injury. This is in contrast to wound healing, which involves closing up the injury site with a scar. Some tissues such as skin and large organs including the liver regrow quite readily, while others have been thought to have little or no capacity for regeneration. However ongoing research, particularly in the heart and lungs, suggests that there is hope for a variety of tissues and organs to eventually become regeneration-capable. In humans with non-injured tissues, the tissue is naturally regenerated over time; by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6974570",
"chunk_text": "Fibrosis\nFibrosis Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process. This can be a reactive, benign, or pathological state. In response to injury, this is called scarring, and if fibrosis arises from a single cell line, this is called a fibroma. Physiologically, fibrosis acts to deposit connective tissue, which can interfere with or totally inhibit the normal architecture and function of the underlying organ or tissue. Fibrosis can be used to describe the pathological state of excess deposition of fibrous tissue, as well as the process of connective tissue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12279264",
"chunk_text": "Metaplasia\nMetaplasia Metaplasia () is the transformation of one differentiated cell type to another differentiated cell type. The change from one type of cell to another may be part of a normal maturation process, or caused by some sort of abnormal stimulus. In simplistic terms, it is as if the original cells are not robust enough to withstand their environment, so they transform into another cell type better suited to their environment. If the stimulus causing metaplasia is removed or ceases, tissues return to their normal pattern of differentiation. Metaplasia is not synonymous with dysplasia, and is not considered to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18312702",
"chunk_text": "Decompensation\nDecompensation In medicine, decompensation is the functional deterioration of a structure or system that had been previously working with the help of allostatic compensation. Decompensation may occur due to fatigue, stress, illness, or old age. When a system is \"\"compensated\"\", it is able to function despite stressors or defects. Decompensation describes an inability to compensate for these deficiencies. It is a general term commonly used in medicine to describe a variety of situations. For example, \"\"cardiac decompensation\"\" may refer to the failure of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation, after long-standing (previously compensated) vascular disease (see heart failure). Short-term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1897518",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue remodeling\"\nIn the proliferation phase, inflammatory cells die by apoptosis, being replaced by myofibroblasts which produce large amounts of collagen. In the maturation phase, myofibroblast numbers are reduced by apoptosis, allowing for infiltration by endothelial cells (for blood vessels) and cardiomyocytes (heart tissue cells). Usually, however, much of the tissue remodeling is pathological, resulting in a large amount of fibrous tissue. By contrast, aerobic exercise can produce beneficial cardiac tissue remodeling in those suffering from left ventricular hypertrophy. Vascular remodeling refers to a compensatory change in blood vessel walls due to plaque growth. Vascular expansion is called positive remodeling, whereas vascular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20328915",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society\"\nand graduate students, post-doctoral researchers and young investigators in industry and academia related to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It follows the organizational and working pattern of TERMIS. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society is an international learned society. Regenerative medicine involves processes of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function. A major technology of regenerative medicine is tissue engineering, which has variously been defined as \"\"an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences toward the development of biological",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13269775",
"chunk_text": "Morphallaxis\nMorphallaxis Morphallaxis is the regeneration of specific tissue in a variety of organisms due to loss or death of the existing tissue. The word comes from the Greek \"\"allazein,\"\" which means \"\"to exchange.\"\" The classical example of morphallaxis is that of the Cnidarian hydra, where when the animal is severed in two (by actively cutting it with, for example, a surgical knife) the remaining severed sections form two fully functional and independent hydra. The notable feature of morphallaxis is that a large majority of regenerated tissue comes from already-present tissue in the organism. That is, the one severed section of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5922794",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell ablation\"\nto be confused with genetic ablation: a method of modifying DNA in order to disrupt the production of a specific gene. As genetic ablation may lead to cell ablation, it can be used as a synonymous term at appropriate times. Cell ablation Cell ablation (also known as tissue ablation) is a biotechnological tool for studying cell lineage and/or function and is a form of ablation. The process consists of selectively destroying one or multiple cells in a given organism by any chosen means. For example, a laser beam or a controllable gene promoter for a toxin gene can be used",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6668627",
"chunk_text": "Scar\nScar A scar is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. Scars result from the biological process of wound repair in the skin, as well as in other organs and tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the healing process. With the exception of very minor lesions, every wound (e.g., after accident, disease, or surgery) results in some degree of scarring. An exception to this are animals with complete regeneration, which regrow tissue without scar formation. Scar tissue is composed of the same protein (collagen) as the tissue that it replaces,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1897519",
"chunk_text": "\"Tissue remodeling\"\nconstriction is called negative remodeling. Tissue remodeling occurs in adipose tissue with increased body fat. In obese subjects, this remodeling is often pathological, characterized by excessive inflammation and fibrosis. Tissue remodeling Tissue remodeling is the reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. Tissue remodeling can be either physiological or pathological. The process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling. Macrophages repair wounds and remodel tissue by producing extracellular matrix and proteases to modify that specific matrix. A myocardial infarction induces",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7811558",
"chunk_text": "Autotransplantation\nAutotransplantation Autotransplantation is the transplantation of organs, tissues, or even particular proteins from one part of the body to another in the same person (\"\"auto-\"\" meaning \"\"self\"\" in Greek). The autologous tissue (also called autogenous, autogeneic, or autogenic tissue) transplanted by such a procedure is called an autograft or autotransplant. It is contrasted with allotransplantation (from other individual of same species), Syngeneic transplantation (Grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species) and xenotransplantation (from other species). A common example is the removal of a piece of bone (usually from the hip) and its being ground into a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6017925",
"chunk_text": "Revascularization\nRevascularization In medical and surgical therapy, revascularization is the restoration of perfusion to a body part or organ that has suffered ischemia. It is typically accomplished by surgical means. Vascular bypass and angioplasty are the two primary means of revascularization. The term derives from the prefix re-, in this case meaning \"\"restoration\"\" and vasculature, which refers to the circulatory structures of an organ. It is often combined with \"\"urgent\"\" to form urgent vascularization. Revascularization involves a thorough analysis and diagnosis and treatment of the existing diseased vasculature of the affected organ, and can be aided by the use of different",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4261983",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell therapy\"\ntreating cancer or any other disease. It may in fact be lethal ...\"\". Cell therapy Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy or cytotherapy) is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient; this generally means intact, living cells. For example, T cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity may be injected in the course of immunotherapy. Cell therapy originated in the nineteenth century when scientists experimented by injecting animal material in an attempt to prevent and treat illness. Although such attempts produced no positive benefit, further research found in the mid twentieth century that human cells",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1447833",
"chunk_text": "Healing\nintact. The existing epithelial cells can replicate, and, using the basement membrane as a guide, eventually bring the kidney back to normal. After regeneration is complete, the damage is undetectable, even microscopically. Healing must happen by repair in the case of injury to cells that are unable to regenerate (e.g. neurons). Also, damage to the collagen network (e.g. by enzymes or physical destruction), or its total collapse (as can happen in an infarct) cause healing to take place by repair. Many genes play a role in healing. For instance, in wound healing, P21 has been found to allow mammals to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12941509",
"chunk_text": "\"Regeneration (biology)\"\ncell stretching for wound closure, the migration of interstitial progenitors towards the wound, cell death, phagocytosis of cell debris, and reconstruction of the extracellular matrix. Regeneration in hydra has been defined as morphallaxis, the process where regeneration results from remodeling of existing material without cellular proliferation. If a hydra is cut into two pieces, the remaining severed sections form two fully functional and independent hydra, approximately the same size as the two smaller severed sections. This occurs through the exchange and rearrangement of soft tissues without the formation of new material. Owing to a limited literature on the subject, birds",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13891818",
"chunk_text": "\"Free flap\"\nFree flap The terms free flap, free autologous tissue transfer and microvascular free tissue transfer are synonymous terms used to describe the \"\"transplantation\"\" of tissue from one site of the body to another, in order to reconstruct an existing defect. \"\"Free\"\" implies that the tissue is completely detached from its blood supply at the original location (\"\"donor site\"\") and then transferred to another location (\"\"recipient site\"\") and the circulation in the tissue re-established by anastomosis of artery(s) and vein(s). This is in contrast to a \"\"pedicled\"\" flap in which the tissue is left partly attached to the donor site (\"\"pedicle\"\")",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3124405",
"chunk_text": "\"Adult stem cell\"\nAdult stem cell Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cells (from Greek Σωματικóς, meaning \"\"of the body\"\"), they can be found in juvenile as well as adult animals and humans, unlike embryonic stem cells. Scientific interest in adult stem cells is centered on their ability to divide or \"\"self-renew\"\" indefinitely, and generate all the cell types of the organ from which they originate, potentially regenerating the entire organ from a few cells. Unlike for embryonic stem",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20735265",
"chunk_text": "Replantation\nReplantation Replantation or reattachment has been defined by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand as \"\"the surgical reattachment of a body part, most commonly a finger, hand or arm, that has been completely cut from a person's body.\"\" According to the ICD-10-PCS, in the Medical and Surgical Section 0, root operation M, reattachment is the putting back in or on all or a portion of a separated body part to its normal location, or other suitable location. Vascular circulation and nervous pathways may or may not be reestablished. Examples would be reattachment of a partially or fully amputated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1447839",
"chunk_text": "Healing\nlipoxins, epi-lipoxins, and resolvins, which cause release of growth hormones. Healing Healing is the process of the restoration of health from an unbalanced, diseased or damaged organism. The result of healing can be a cure to a health challenge, but one can heal without being cured. The profession of nursing has been traditionally concerned with matters of healing, whereas historically the profession of medicine has been concerned with curing. With physical damage or disease suffered by an organism, healing involves the repair of living tissue, organs and the biological system as a whole and resumption of normal functioning. It is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4261982",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell therapy\"\nrequires less stringent HLA loci matching, although the time of engraftment is longer and graft failure rate is higher. In alternative medicine, cell therapy is defined as the injection of non-human cellular animal material in an attempt to treat illness. Quackwatch labels this as \"\"senseless\"\", since \"\"cells from the organs of one species cannot replace the cells from the organs of other species\"\" and because a number of serious adverse effects have been reported. Of this alternative, animal-based form of cell therapy, the American Cancer Society say: \"\"Available scientific evidence does not support claims that cell therapy is effective in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11649799",
"chunk_text": "Allotransplantation\nAllotransplantation Allotransplant (\"\"allo-\"\" meaning \"\"other\"\" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts. It is contrasted with autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person), syngeneic transplantation (grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species) and xenotransplantation (from other species). Allografts can be referred to as \"\"homostatic\"\" if they are biologically inert when transplanted, such as bone and cartilage. An",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17086846",
"chunk_text": "\"Wound healing\"\nachieved come from studies of wound healing in embryos, where repair is fast and efficient and results in essentially perfect regeneration of any lost tissue. The etymology of the term scarless wound healing has a long history. In print the antiquated concept of scarless healing was brought up the early 20th century and appeared in a paper published in the London Lancet. This process involved cutting in a surgical slant, instead of a right angle…; it was described in various Newspapers. After inflammation, restoration of normal tissue integrity and function is preserved by feedback interactions between diverse cell types mediated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11889292",
"chunk_text": "\"Fixation (histology)\"\nmacromolecules (in and around cells) as proteins and nucleic acids. In performing their protective role, fixatives denature proteins by coagulation, by forming additive compounds, or by a combination of coagulation and additive processes. A compound that adds chemically to macromolecules stabilizes structure most effectively if it is able to combine with parts of two different macromolecules, an effect known as cross-linking. Fixation of tissue is done for several reasons. One reason is to kill the tissue so that postmortem decay (autolysis and putrefaction) is prevented. Fixation preserves biological material (tissue or cells) as close to its natural state as possible",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6801286",
"chunk_text": "\"DNA repair\"\nDNA repair DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16244953",
"chunk_text": "\"Regenerative medicine\"\nat the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He recognized that these cells' unique ability to differentiate into all the cell types of the human body (pluripotency) had the potential to develop into a new kind of regenerative therapy. Explaining the new class of therapies that such cells could enable, he used the term \"\"regenerative medicine\"\" in the way that it is used today: \"\"an approach to therapy that ... employs human genes, proteins and cells to re-grow, restore or provide mechanical replacements for tissues that have been injured by trauma, damaged by disease or worn by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18312704",
"chunk_text": "Decompensation\nto defend against a troubling reality. Decompensation In medicine, decompensation is the functional deterioration of a structure or system that had been previously working with the help of allostatic compensation. Decompensation may occur due to fatigue, stress, illness, or old age. When a system is \"\"compensated\"\", it is able to function despite stressors or defects. Decompensation describes an inability to compensate for these deficiencies. It is a general term commonly used in medicine to describe a variety of situations. For example, \"\"cardiac decompensation\"\" may refer to the failure of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation, after long-standing (previously compensated)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18712963",
"chunk_text": "\"Cellular cardiomyoplasty\"\nCellular cardiomyoplasty Cellular cardiomyoplasty, or cell-based cardiac repair, is a new potential therapeutic modality in which progenitor cells are used to repair regions of damaged or necrotic myocardium. The ability of transplanted progenitor cells to improve function within the failing heart has been shown in experimental animal models and in some human clinical trials. In November 2011, a large group of collaborators at Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern found no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or other markers, between a group of patients treated with cellular cardiomyoplasty and a group of control patients. In this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_849
|
where are haploid cells found in the human body?
|
n/a
|
[
"sperm",
"sperm or egg cells",
"ova"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15297039",
"chunk_text": "Ploidy\nof chromosomes is called the monoploid number (\"\"x\"\"). In most animals, the haploid number (\"\"n\"\") is unique to gametes (sperm or egg cells), and refers to the total number of chromosomes found in a gamete, which under normal conditions is half the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell. The haploid number for humans (half of 46) is 23; and the monoploid number equals 46 divided by the ploidy level of 2, which is also 23. When a human germ cell undergoes meiosis the two sets of 23 chromosomes are split in half to form gametes. After fusion of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2512879",
"chunk_text": "\"HAP1 cells\"\nto cut within the Chromosome 15 region. With this technique, experimenters were able to cultivate the first fully haploid human cell line which they termed eHAP. HAP1 cells HAP1 cells are a cell line used for biomedical and genetic research. They are near haploid, having one copy of almost every chromosome and are smaller than the average human cell, growing to about 11 micrometers in diameter. HAP1 cells are derived from a line of cancerous cells, which means they are able to divide indefinitely. HAP1 cells are a near-haploid cell line derived from the KBM-7 cell line. KBM-7 was found",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15297062",
"chunk_text": "Ploidy\ndoubled monoploids or doubled haploids, which are homozygous and used for genetic research. Euploidy (Greek \"\"eu\"\", true or even) is the state of a cell or organism having one or more than one set of the same set of chromosomes, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. For example, most human cells have 2 of each of the 23 homologous monoploid chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. A human cell with an extra set out of the 23 normal ones would be considered euploid. Euploid karyotypes would consequentially be a multiple of the haploid number, which in humans is 23. Aneuploidy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5903653",
"chunk_text": "Polyploidy\nPolyploidy Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, prokaryotes, may be polyploid, as seen in the large bacterium \"\"Epulopiscium fishelsoni\"\". Hence ploidy is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10028393",
"chunk_text": "\"Human genome\"\nHuman genome <section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5903662",
"chunk_text": "Polyploidy\nthe work for its potential medical applications and, in describing the results, became one of the first to use the word “clone” in reference to animals. Later work by Shinya Yamanaka showed how mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, extending the possibilities to non-stem cells. Gurdon and Yamanaka were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012 for this work. True polyploidy rarely occurs in humans, although polyploid cells occur in highly differentiated tissue, such as liver parenchyma, heart muscle, placenta and in bone marrow. Aneuploidy is more common. Polyploidy occurs in humans in the form of triploidy, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12482113",
"chunk_text": "Aneuploidy\nAneuploidy Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any number of complete chromosome sets is called a \"\"euploid\"\" cell. An extra or missing chromosome is a common cause of genetic disorders, including some human birth defects. Some cancer cells also have abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Aneuploidy originates during cell division when the chromosomes do not separate properly between the two cells. Most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13591777",
"chunk_text": "\"Human genome\"\nthe environment and the genome. Human genome <section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome, and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5903656",
"chunk_text": "Polyploidy\nless obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content. Polyploidy occurs in highly differentiated human tissues in the liver, heart muscle, bone marrow and the placenta. It occurs in the somatic cells of some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see \"\"Hibiscus rosa-sinensis\"\"), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "826922",
"chunk_text": "\"Lymphoid hyperplasia\"\nLymphoid hyperplasia Lymphoid hyperplasia is the rapid growth proliferation of normal cells that resemble lymph tissue. A lymph node is small, capsulated lymphoid organ that is present along the lymphatic system. It is composed of cortex and medulla. The cortex is also divided into outer cortex and inner cortex (also known as the paracortex). The outer cortex is composed of follicles of B cells so that it is called the B-cell zone. Similarly, the inner cortex has T cells and is called the T-cell zone. Follicular hyperplasia is a stimulation of the B cell compartment. It is caused by an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12339579",
"chunk_text": "Sperm\nstarting as a totipotent zygote. The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell. In mammals, sperm develops in the testicles, is stored in the epididymis, and released from the penis. The main sperm function is to reach the ovum and fuse with it to deliver two sub-cellular structures: (i) the male pronucleus that contains the genetic material and (ii) the centrioles that are structures that help organize the microtubule cytoskeleton. The mammalian sperm cell can be divided in 2 parts: The neck or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13947796",
"chunk_text": "\"Hematopoietic stem cell\"\ntissue contains cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities and committed multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent progenitors. HSCs constitute 1:10.000 of cells in myeloid tissue. HSC transplants are used in the treatment of cancers and other immune system disorders. With regard to morphology, hematopoietic stem cells resemble lymphocytes. They are non-adherent, and rounded, with a rounded nucleus and low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. Since HSCs cannot be isolated as a pure population, it is not possible to identify them in a microscope. HSCs are found in the bone marrow of adults, especially in the pelvis, femur, and sternum. They are also found in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2512873",
"chunk_text": "\"HAP1 cells\"\nHAP1 cells HAP1 cells are a cell line used for biomedical and genetic research. They are near haploid, having one copy of almost every chromosome and are smaller than the average human cell, growing to about 11 micrometers in diameter. HAP1 cells are derived from a line of cancerous cells, which means they are able to divide indefinitely. HAP1 cells are a near-haploid cell line derived from the KBM-7 cell line. KBM-7 was found in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This cell line has a haploid karyotype except for chromosomes 8 and 15. It also possesses a reciprocal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18915121",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell growth\"\nthe same number of chromosomes as the parental cell. Chromosomes duplicate prior to cell division when forming new skin cells for reproduction. After meiotic cell reproduction the four daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes that the parental cell originally had. This is the haploid amount of DNA, often symbolized as N. Meiosis is used by diploid organisms to produce haploid gametes. In a diploid organism such as the human organism, most cells of the body have the diploid amount of DNA, 2N. Using this notation for counting chromosomes we say that human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (2N",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12402222",
"chunk_text": "\"Human body\"\nHuman body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3458618",
"chunk_text": "Ploidy\nhaploidy in parasite species. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is haploid if it has a single set of chromosomes, each one not being part of a pair. By extension a cell may be called haploid if its nucleus is haploid, and an organism may be called haploid if its body cells (somatic cells) are haploid. The number of chromosomes in a single set is called the haploid number, given the symbol \"\"n\"\". If the number of chromosomes in the set is 1 (n=1) then the nucleus (or cell, organism) may be called monoploid. Gametes (sperm and ova) are haploid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7887344",
"chunk_text": "\"Somatic cell\"\nSomatic cell A somatic cell (from the Greek σῶμα \"\"sôma\"\", meaning \"\"body\"\") or vegetal cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. In contrast, gametes are cells that fuse during sexual reproduction, germ cells are cells that give rise to gametes, and stem cells are cells that can divide through mitosis and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types. For example, in mammals, somatic cells make up all the internal organs, skin, bones, blood and connective tissue, while mammalian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15664136",
"chunk_text": "\"Human reproductive system\"\ngametogenesis. This occurs when certain types of germ cells undergo meiosis to split the normal diploid number of chromosomes (n=46) into haploid cells containing only 23 chromosomes. In females, gametogenesis is known as oogenesis; this occurs in the ovarian follicles of the ovaries. This process does not produce mature ovum until puberty. In contrast with males, each of the original diploid germ cells or primary oocytes will form only one mature ovum, and three polar bodies which are not capable of fertilization. It has long been understood that in females, unlike males, all of the primary oocytes ever found in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6517422",
"chunk_text": "Haplogroup\nto provide energy to the cell. Mitochondria are thought to be reduced descendants of symbiotic bacteria that were once free living. One indication that mitochondria were once free living is that each contains a circular DNA, called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), whose structure is more similar to bacteria than eukaryotic organisms (see endosymbiotic theory). The overwhelming majority of a human's DNA is contained in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell, but mtDNA is an exception. An individual inherits his or her cytoplasm and the organelles contained by that cytoplasm exclusively from the maternal ovum (egg cell); sperm only pass",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8040818",
"chunk_text": "Oogonium\nOogonium An oogonium (plural oogonia) is a small diploid cell which upon maturation forms a primordial follicle in a female fetus or the female (haploid or diploid) gametangium of certain thallophytes. Oogonia are formed in large numbers by mitosis early in fetal development from primordial germ cells. In humans they start to develop between weeks 4 and 8 and are present in the fetus between weeks 5 and 30. Normal oogonia in human ovaries are spherical or ovoid in shape and are found amongst neighboring somatic cells and oocytes at different phases of development. Oogonia can be distinguished from neighboring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2512875",
"chunk_text": "\"HAP1 cells\"\nit is unknown by which mechanism the reduction of chromosomes occurs. They can have less than 40 chromosomes and continue to function as neoplastic cells, however; encountering leukemic cells with less than 30 chromosomes, a near haploid number, is very rare. HAP1 cells are malignant neoplastic cells, also known as cancer cells. These cells are characterized primarily by uninhibited growth. As the rate of mitosis increases, defects in the nuclear spindles form, which results in atypical chromosomes, such as those found in HAP1 cells. Due to their irregular chromosomes, malignant cells are also morphologically different from healthy cells. These cells",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13327656",
"chunk_text": "\"Cellular differentiation\"\nthat lack nuclei in their fully differentiated state. Most cells are diploid; they have two copies of each chromosome. Such cells, called somatic cells, make up most of the human body, such as skin and muscle cells. Cells differentiate to specialize for different functions. Germ line cells are any line of cells that give rise to gametes—eggs and sperm—and thus are continuous through the generations. Stem cells, on the other hand, have the ability to divide for indefinite periods and to give rise to specialized cells. They are best described in the context of normal human development. Development begins when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6517423",
"chunk_text": "Haplogroup\non the chromosomal DNA, all paternal mitochondria are digested in the oocyte. When a mutation arises in a mtDNA molecule, the mutation is therefore passed in a direct female line of descent. Mutations are copying mistakes in the DNA sequence. Single mistakes are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Human Y chromosomes are male-specific sex chromosomes; nearly all humans that possess a Y chromosome will be morphologically male. Although Y chromosomes are situated in the cell nucleus and paired with X chromosomes, they only recombine with the X chromosome at the ends of the Y chromosome; the remaining 95% of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6517421",
"chunk_text": "Haplogroup\nA1 → A1a. In human genetics, the haplogroups most commonly studied are Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) haplogroups and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, each of which can be used to define genetic populations. Y-DNA is passed solely along the patrilineal line, from father to son, while mtDNA is passed down the matrilineal line, from mother to offspring of both sexes. Neither recombines, and thus Y-DNA and mtDNA change only by chance mutation at each generation with no intermixture between parents' genetic material. Mitochondria are small organelles that lie in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, such as those of humans. Their primary function is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3349375",
"chunk_text": "Meiosis\nby the location of the organism phase(s). In the \"\"diplontic life cycle\"\" (with pre-gametic meiosis), of which humans are a part, the organism is diploid, grown from a diploid cell called the zygote. The organism's diploid germ-line stem cells undergo meiosis to create haploid gametes (the spermatozoa for males and ova for females), which fertilize to form the zygote. The diploid zygote undergoes repeated cellular division by mitosis to grow into the organism. In the \"\"haplontic life cycle\"\" (with post-zygotic meiosis), the organism is haploid instead, spawned by the proliferation and differentiation of a single haploid cell called the gamete.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12482130",
"chunk_text": "Aneuploidy\nhave allowed for less invasive testing methods based on the presence of fetal genetic material in maternal blood. See Triple test. In the strict sense, a chromosome complement having a number of chromosomes other than 46 (in humans) is considered \"\"heteroploid\"\" while an exact multiple of the haploid chromosome complement is considered euploid. Aneuploidy Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14384266",
"chunk_text": "Spermatocyte\nSpermatocyte Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes (Figure 1). Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis (Figure 3). Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After Meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes. All male animals produce spermatocytes, even hermaphrodites such as \"\"C. elegans\"\", which exist as a male",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2844249",
"chunk_text": "\"Bone marrow\"\nBone marrow Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow typically accounts for approximately . Human marrow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17945857",
"chunk_text": "\"Stromal cell\"\nStromal cell Stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, lymph node and the ovary. They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. The most common stromal cells include fibroblasts and pericytes. The interaction between stromal cells and tumor cells is known to play a major role in cancer growth and progression. In addition, by regulating local cytokine networks (e.g. M-CSF, LIF), bone marrow stromal cells have been described to be involved in human haematopoiesis and inflammatory processes. Stromal cells (in the dermis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17037599",
"chunk_text": "Spermatogenesis\nSpermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This process starts with the mitotic division of the stem cells located close to the basement membrane of the tubules. These cells are called spermatogonial stem cells. The mitotic division of these produces two types of cells. Type A cells replenish the stem cells, and type B cells differentiate into spermatocytes. The primary spermatocyte divides meiotically (Meiosis I) into two secondary spermatocytes; each secondary spermatocyte divides into two equal haploid spermatids by Meiosis II. The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa(sperm)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5903666",
"chunk_text": "Polyploidy\ncells simply tend to arise during \"\"in vitro\"\" cell culture or whether they are also present in placental cells \"\"in vivo\"\". There are, at any rate, very few clinical reports of fetuses/infants diagnosed with tetraploidy mosaicism. Mixoploidy is quite commonly observed in human preimplantation embryos and includes haploid/diploid as well as diploid/tetraploid mixed cell populations. It is unknown whether these embryos fail to implant and are therefore rarely detected in ongoing pregnancies or if there is simply a selective process favoring the diploid cells. Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30–80% of living plant species are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "859364",
"chunk_text": "\"Cell nucleus\"\nCell nucleus In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin or , meaning \"\"kernel\"\" or \"\"seed\"\") is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in a complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome and are structured in such a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14969545",
"chunk_text": "Haematopoiesis\nHaematopoiesis Haematopoiesis (from Greek αἷμα, \"\"blood\"\" and ποιεῖν \"\"to make\"\"; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells.<ref name=\"\"Birbrair n/a–n/a\"\"></ref> In a healthy adult person, approximately 10–10 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the unique ability to give rise to all of the different mature blood cell types and tissues. HSCs are self-renewing cells: when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7550487",
"chunk_text": "Gamete\nGamete A gamete (; from Ancient Greek γαμετή \"\"gamete\"\" from gamein \"\"to marry\"\") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a male produces the smaller tadpole-like type—called a sperm. In short a gamete is an egg (female gamete) or a sperm (male gamete). This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "975425",
"chunk_text": "Meiosis\nMeiosis Meiosis (; from Greek μείωσις, \"\"meiosis\"\", which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12898073",
"chunk_text": "Zygote\nhaploid cells is called karyogamy. The result of karyogamy is the formation of a diploid cell called zygote or zygospore. This cell may then enter meiosis or mitosis depending on the life cycle of the species. In plants, the zygote may be polyploid if fertilization occurs between meiotically unreduced gametes. In land plants, the zygote is formed within a chamber called the archegonium. In seedless plants, the archegonium is usually flask-shaped, with a long hollow neck through which the sperm cell enters. As the zygote divides and grows, it does so inside the archegonium. In human fertilization, a released ovum",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7550494",
"chunk_text": "Gamete\nis produced by the anther, when pollen lands on a mature stigma of a flower it grows a pollen tube down into the flower. The haploid pollen then produces sperm by mitosis and releases them for fertilization. Gamete A gamete (; from Ancient Greek γαμετή \"\"gamete\"\" from gamein \"\"to marry\"\") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13947795",
"chunk_text": "\"Hematopoietic stem cell\"\nin the circulation. In vertebrates, the vast majority of hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is derived from a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are multipotent and capable of extensive self-renewal. HSCs give rise to both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages of blood cells. Myeloid and lymphoid lineages both are involved in dendritic cell formation. Myeloid cells include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes to platelets. Lymphoid cells include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. The definition of hematopoietic stem cells has evolved since HSCs were first discovered in 1961. The hematopoietic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2512877",
"chunk_text": "\"HAP1 cells\"\nhaploidy, HAP1 cells are very useful in biomedical research and genetic experiments. When working in diploid cells, it is difficult to screen for mutations phenotypically, especially when considering recessive mutations. Because there are two copies of each gene, the mutation is often covered up by the non-mutated gene. In haploid cells, there is only one copy of each gene, so mutated phenotypes are immediately exposed. Before the development of haploid cells, much of this research was limited to microbes and other simple cells, but now the research can be applied to its target cell type: the human cell. Since their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7887347",
"chunk_text": "\"Somatic cell\"\ndiploid and the organism is called a diploid organism. (The gametes of diploid organisms contain only single unpaired chromosomes and are called haploid.) Each pair of chromosomes comprises one chromosome inherited from the father and one inherited from the mother. For example, in humans, somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. By contrast, gametes of diploid organisms contain only half as many chromosomes. In humans, this is 23 unpaired chromosomes. When two gametes (i.e. a spermatozoon and an ovum) meet during conception, they fuse together, creating a zygote. Due to the fusion of the two gametes, a human",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11020016",
"chunk_text": "Haploidisation\nHaploidisation Haploidisation is the process of halving the chromosomal content of a cell, creating a haploid cell. Within the normal reproductive cycle, haploidisation is one of the major functional consequences of meiosis, the other being a process of chromosomal crossover that mingles the genetic content of the parental chromosomes. Usually, haploidisation creates a monoploid cell from a diploid progenitor, or it can involve halving of a polyploid cell, for example to make a diploid potato plant from a tetraploid lineage of potato plants. If haploidisation is not followed by fertilisation, the result is a haploid lineage of cells. For example,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15297060",
"chunk_text": "Ploidy\na given time. This is because under exponential growth conditions the cells are able to replicate their DNA faster than they can divide. In ciliates, the macronucleus is called ampliploid, because only part of the genome is amplified. Mixoploidy is the case where two cell lines, one diploid and one polyploid, coexist within the same organism. Though polyploidy in humans is not viable, mixoploidy has been found in live adults and children. There are two types: diploid-triploid mixoploidy, in which some cells have 46 chromosomes and some have 69, and diploid-tetraploid mixoploidy, in which some cells have 46 and some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1407637",
"chunk_text": "Polyploidy\ndefined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis. Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14702623",
"chunk_text": "Chromosome\nbe thousands of copies per cell. Asexually reproducing species have one set of chromosomes that are the same in all body cells. However, asexual species can be either haploid or diploid. Sexually reproducing species have somatic cells (body cells), which are diploid [2n] having two sets of chromosomes (23 pairs in humans with one set of 23 chromosomes from each parent), one set from the mother and one from the father. Gametes, reproductive cells, are haploid [n]: They have one set of chromosomes. Gametes are produced by meiosis of a diploid germ line cell. During meiosis, the matching chromosomes of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16874192",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg cell\"\nof them divides repeatedly to give secretions of the uterine glands, ultimately forming a blastocyst. The ovum is one of the largest cells in the human body, typically visible to the naked eye without the aid of a microscope or other magnification device. The human ovum measures approximately 0.1 mm in diameter. Ooplasm (also: oöplasm) is the yolk of the ovum, a cell substance at its center, which contains its nucleus, named the germinal vesicle, and the nucleolus, called the germinal spot. The ooplasm consists of the cytoplasm of the ordinary animal cell with its spongioplasm and hyaloplasm, often called",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15340412",
"chunk_text": "Haplotype\nHaplotype A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. However, there are other uses of this term. First, it is used to mean a collection of specific alleles (that is, specific DNA sequences) in a cluster of tightly linked genes on a chromosome that are likely to be inherited together—that is, they are likely to be conserved as a sequence that survives the descent of many generations of reproduction. A second use is to mean a set of linked single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles that tend to always occur",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18576874",
"chunk_text": "Spermatid\nSpermatid The spermatid is the haploid male gametid that results from division of secondary spermatocytes. As a result of meiosis, each spermatid contains only half of the genetic material present in the original primary spermatocyte. Spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic material and have superfluous cytoplasmic material around their nuclei. When formed, \"\"early round spermatids\"\" must undergo further maturational events to develop into spermatozoa, a process termed spermiogenesis (also termed \"\"spermeteliosis\"\"). The spermatids begin to grow a living thread, develop a thickened mid-piece where the mitochondria become localised, and form an acrosome. Spermatid DNA also undergoes packaging, becoming highly condensed. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13358851",
"chunk_text": "\"Clear cell\"\nClear cell In histology, a clear cell is a cell that shows a clear cytoplasm when stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Normally, clear cells are secretory cells in the epithelium, and are one of the components of eccrine sweat glands. A clear cell's plasma membrane is highly folded, more so on the apical and lateral surfaces. The cytoplasm of clear cells contains large amounts of glycogen and many mitochondria. Melanocytes appear as clear cells when in the stratum basale of the skin, and Langerhans' cells appear as clear cells in the stratum spinosum. Clear-cell tumors are cancers that contain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12482114",
"chunk_text": "Aneuploidy\ncases of aneuploidy result in miscarriage and the most common extra autosomal chromosomes among live births are 21, 18 and 13. Chromosome abnormalities are detected in 1 of 160 live human births. Most cells in the human body have 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a total of 46 chromosomes. (The sperm and egg, or gametes, each have 23 unpaired chromosomes, and red blood cells have no nucleus and no chromosomes.) One copy of each pair is inherited from the mother and the other copy is inherited from the father. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes (called autosomes) are numbered from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14354695",
"chunk_text": "\"Cellular adaptation\"\nnumber of cells. It is the result of increased cell mitosis, or division. The two types of physiologic hyperplasia are compensatory and hormonal. Compensatory hyperplasia permits tissue and organ regeneration. It is common in epithelial cells of the epidermis and intestine, liver hepatocytes, bone marrow cells, and fibroblasts. It occurs to a lesser extent in bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle cells. Hormonal hyperplasia occurs mainly in organs that depend on estrogen. For example, the estrogen-dependent uterine cells undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy following pregnancy. Pathologic hyperplasia is an abnormal increase in cell division. A common pathologic hyperplasia in women occurs in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_850
|
form from material that has accumulated on the earths surface?
|
n/a
|
[
"Sedimentary rock"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17489507",
"chunk_text": "\"Parent material\"\nParent material Parent material is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form. Soils typically inherit a great deal of structure and minerals from their parent material, and, as such, are often classified based upon their contents of consolidated or unconsolidated mineral material that has undergone some degree of physical or chemical weathering and the mode by which the materials were most recently transported. Parent materials that are predominantly composed of consolidated rock are termed residual parent material. The consolidated rocks consist of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, etc. Soil developed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4487691",
"chunk_text": "Weathering\nWeathering Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms. Weathering occurs \"\"in situ\"\" (on site), that is, in the same place, with little or no movement, and thus should not be confused with erosion, which involves the movement of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, snow, wind, waves and gravity and then being transported and deposited in other locations. Two important classifications of weathering processes exist – physical and chemical weathering; each sometimes involves a biological component. Mechanical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9714239",
"chunk_text": "Erosion\nErosion In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement). This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, animals, and humans. In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial erosion, snow erosion, wind (aeolic) erosion, zoogenic erosion, and anthropogenic erosion. The particulate breakdown of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7859440",
"chunk_text": "Geodiversity\nGeodiversity Geodiversity is the variety of earth materials, forms and processes that constitute and shape the Earth, either the whole or a specific part of it. Relevant materials include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Forms may comprise folds, faults, landforms and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Any natural process that continues to act upon, maintain or modify either material or form (for example tectonics, sediment transport, pedogenesis) represents another aspect of geodiversity. However geodiversity is not normally defined to include the likes of landscaping, concrete or other significant human influence. Geodiversity is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13763268",
"chunk_text": "Denudation\nDenudation In geology, denudation involves the processes that cause the wearing away of the Earth's surface by moving water, by ice, by wind and by waves, leading to a reduction in elevation and in relief of landforms and of landscapes. Endogenous processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics uplift and expose continental crust to the exogenous processes of weathering, of erosion, and of mass wasting. Denudation incorporates the mechanical, biological and chemical processes of erosion, weathering and mass wasting. Denudation can involve the removal of both solid particles and dissolved material. These include sub-processes of cryofracture, insolation weathering, slaking,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1912044",
"chunk_text": "\"Deposition (geology)\"\nDeposition (geology) Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment. Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null-point hypothesis. Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. For example,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11818091",
"chunk_text": "Erosion\nthey are responsible for about 84% of the global extent of degraded land, making excessive erosion one of the most significant environmental problems. Erosion In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement). This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, animals, and humans. In accordance with these agents,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1603897",
"chunk_text": "Earth\neruptions, flooding, weathering, glaciation, the growth of coral reefs, and meteorite impacts are among the processes that constantly reshape the Earth's surface over geological time. The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and andesite. Less common is basalt, a denser volcanic rock that is the primary constituent of the ocean floors. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes buried and compacted together. Nearly 75% of the continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form about 5% of the crust. The third form of rock material found on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6800929",
"chunk_text": "Soil\nin the evolution of a soil. They are: parent material, climate, topography (relief), organisms, and time. When reordered to climate, relief, organisms, parent material, and time, they form the acronym CROPT. The mineral material from which a soil forms is called parent material. Rock, whether its origin is igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, is the source of all soil mineral materials and the origin of all plant nutrients with the exceptions of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon. As the parent material is chemically and physically weathered, transported, deposited and precipitated, it is transformed into a soil. Typical soil parent mineral materials are:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17489512",
"chunk_text": "\"Parent material\"\nheave and churn soil material. Chemical weathering: the principal agent is percolating rainwater charged with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Parent material becomes hydrolyzed by the acidic solution to produce minerals and to release cations. Parent material Parent material is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form. Soils typically inherit a great deal of structure and minerals from their parent material, and, as such, are often classified based upon their contents of consolidated or unconsolidated mineral material that has undergone some degree of physical or chemical weathering and the mode",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7544615",
"chunk_text": "Geology\nGeology Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, \"\"gē\"\"(\"\"earth\"\") and -λoγία, \"\"-logia\"\", (\"\"study of\"\", \"\"discourse\"\")) is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also refer to the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other earth sciences, including hydrology and the atmospheric sciences, and so is treated as one major aspect of integrated earth system science and planetary science. Geology describes the structure of the Earth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19027876",
"chunk_text": "\"Erosion and tectonics\"\nsurface. The term erosion refers to the group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the Earth's surface to be transported and deposited in other locations. The feedback of erosion on tectonics is given by the transportation of surface, or near-surface, mass (rock, soil, sand, regolith, etc.) to a new location. This redistribution of material can have profound effects on the state of gravitational stresses in the area, dependent on the magnitude of mass transported. Because tectonic processes are highly dependent on the current state of gravitational stresses, redistribution of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3434288",
"chunk_text": "Nature\nof rocks has been deposited, the rock units can be deformed and/or metamorphosed. Deformation typically occurs as a result of horizontal shortening, horizontal extension, or side-to-side (strike-slip) motion. These structural regimes broadly relate to convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform boundaries, respectively, between tectonic plates. Earth is estimated to have formed 4.54 billion years ago from the solar nebula, along with the Sun and other planets. The moon formed roughly 20 million years later. Initially molten, the outer layer of the Earth cooled, resulting in the solid crust. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16024801",
"chunk_text": "Land\nby volcanic activity and outgassing that included water vapor. The origin of the world's oceans was condensation augmented by water and ice delivered by asteroids, proto-planets, and comets. In this model, atmospheric \"\"greenhouse gases\"\" kept the oceans from freezing while the newly forming Sun was only at 70% luminosity. By , the Earth's magnetic field was established, which helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. The atmosphere and oceans of the Earth continuously shape the land by eroding and transporting solids on the surface. The crust, which currently forms the Earth's land, was created when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6944153",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock (geology)\"\nform much of the continental crust. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them having formed beneath the surface of Earth's crust. These have diverse properties, depending on their composition and the temperature and pressure conditions in which they were formed. Sedimentary rocks are formed at the earth's surface by the accumulation and cementation of fragments of earlier rocks, minerals, and organisms or as chemical precipitates and organic growths in water (sedimentation). This process causes clastic sediments (pieces of rock) or organic particles (detritus) to settle and accumulate, or for minerals to chemically precipitate (evaporite) from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5274760",
"chunk_text": "Landform\nLandform A landform is a natural feature of the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Typical landforms include hills, mountains, plateaus, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great ocean basins. Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. Gross physical features or landforms include intuitive elements such as berms, mounds, hills, ridges,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18037216",
"chunk_text": "Weathering\nminerals such as quartz. In highly weathered soils of humid tropical and subtropical regions, the oxides of iron and aluminium, and certain silicate clays with low Si/Al ratios, predominate because most other constituents have been broken down and removed. Weathering Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms. Weathering occurs \"\"in situ\"\" (on site), that is, in the same place, with little or no movement, and thus should not be confused with erosion, which involves the movement of rocks and minerals",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6800901",
"chunk_text": "Soil\nsoils in their natural environment. In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock, as can be found on the Moon and other celestial objects, as well. Soil is also commonly referred to as earth or dirt; some scientific definitions distinguish \"\"dirt\"\" from \"\"soil\"\" by restricting the former term specifically to the displaced soil. Soil is a major component of the Earth's ecosystem. The world's ecosystems are impacted in far-reaching ways by the processes carried out in the soil, from ozone depletion and global warming to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3197534",
"chunk_text": "Earth\nof all organisms living on Earth. Earth has resources that have been exploited by humans. Those termed non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels, only renew over geological timescales. Large deposits of fossil fuels are obtained from Earth's crust, consisting of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These deposits are used by humans both for energy production and as feedstock for chemical production. Mineral ore bodies have also been formed within the crust through a process of ore genesis, resulting from actions of magmatism, erosion, and plate tectonics. These bodies form concentrated sources for many metals and other useful elements. Earth's biosphere",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6800931",
"chunk_text": "Soil\ntransported materials that have been moved many miles by wind, water, ice and gravity. Cumulose parent material is not moved but originates from deposited organic material. This includes peat and muck soils and results from preservation of plant residues by the low oxygen content of a high water table. While peat may form sterile soils, muck soils may be very fertile. The weathering of parent material takes the form of physical weathering (disintegration), chemical weathering (decomposition) and chemical transformation. Generally, minerals that are formed under high temperatures and pressures at great depths within the Earth's mantle are less resistant to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18104644",
"chunk_text": "Geomorphology\nresearch styles and interests within the field. Earth's surface is modified by a combination of surface processes that shape landscapes, and geologic processes that cause tectonic uplift and subsidence, and shape the coastal geography. Surface processes comprise the action of water, wind, ice, fire, and living things on the surface of the Earth, along with chemical reactions that form soils and alter material properties, the stability and rate of change of topography under the force of gravity, and other factors, such as (in the very recent past) human alteration of the landscape. Many of these factors are strongly mediated by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13662377",
"chunk_text": "Regolith\nRegolith Regolith () is a layer of loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons. The term \"\"regolith\"\" combines two Greek words: \"\"rhegos\"\" (ῥῆγος), \"\"blanket\"\", and \"\"lithos\"\" (λίθος), \"\"rock\"\". The American geologist George P. Merrill first defined the term in 1897, writing: Earth's regolith includes the following subdivisions and components: Regolith can vary from being essentially absent to hundreds of metres in thickness. Its age can vary from instantaneous (for an ash fall or alluvium",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6800930",
"chunk_text": "Soil\nParent materials are classified according to how they came to be deposited. Residual materials are mineral materials that have weathered in place from primary bedrock. Transported materials are those that have been deposited by water, wind, ice or gravity. Cumulose material is organic matter that has grown and accumulates in place. Residual soils are soils that develop from their underlying parent rocks and have the same general chemistry as those rocks. The soils found on mesas, plateaux, and plains are residual soils. In the United States as little as three percent of the soils are residual. Most soils derive from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7743560",
"chunk_text": "Surface\nSurface A surface, as the term is most generally used, is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space. It is the portion or region of the object that can first be perceived by an observer using the senses of sight and touch, and is the portion with which other materials first interact. The surface of an object is more than \"\"a mere geometric solid\"\", but is \"\"filled with, spread over by, or suffused with perceivable qualities such as color and warmth\"\". The concept of surface has been abstracted and formalized in mathematics, specifically in geometry. Depending",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14387176",
"chunk_text": "\"Metamorphic rock\"\nMetamorphic rock Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means \"\"change in form\"\". The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure ( or more), causing profound physical or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and form 12% of the Earth's land surface. They are classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assemblage (metamorphic facies). They may be formed simply by being deep beneath",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6373177",
"chunk_text": "Material\nMaterial A material is a chemical substance or mixture of substances that constitute an object. Materials can be pure or impure, a singular composite or a complex mix, living or non-living matter, whether natural or man-made, either concrete or abstract. Materials can be classified based on different properties such as physical and chemical properties (see List of materials properties), geological, biological, choreographical, or philosophical properties. In the physical sense, materials are studied in the field of materials science. In industry, materials are inputs to production or manufacturing processes. They may either be raw material, that is, unprocessed, or processed before",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3197448",
"chunk_text": "Earth\nform an acceptable variant. Another convention capitalizes \"\"Earth\"\" when appearing as a name (e.g. \"\"Earth's atmosphere\"\") but writes it in lowercase when preceded by \"\"the\"\" (e.g. \"\"the atmosphere of the earth\"\"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as \"\"what on earth are you doing?\"\" The oldest material found in the Solar System is dated to (Bya). By the primordial Earth had formed. The bodies in the Solar System formed and evolved with the Sun. In theory, a solar nebula partitions a volume out of a molecular cloud by gravitational collapse, which begins to spin and flatten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6756856",
"chunk_text": "\"Deposition (geology)\"\nnumerical and hydraulic modelling seek to answer questions pertaining to littoral drift and sediment deposition, the results should not be viewed in isolation and a substantial body of purely qualitative observational data should supplement any planning or management decision. Deposition (geology) Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment. Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14989636",
"chunk_text": "\"Planetary surface\"\nPlanetary surface A planetary surface is where the solid (or liquid) material of the outer crust on certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces are found on solid objects of planetary mass, including terrestrial planets (including Earth), dwarf planets, natural satellites, planetesimals and many other small Solar System bodies (SSSBs). The study of planetary surfaces is a field of planetary geology known as surface geology, but also a focus of a number of fields including planetary cartography, topography, geomorphology, atmospheric sciences, and astronomy. Land (or ground) is the term given to non-liquid planetary surfaces.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17191599",
"chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nis known as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the Earth is resurfaced. As the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithosphere is created by the flow of magma from the mantle to the near surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called \"\"divergent boundaries\"\", those where it is brought back into the Earth are \"\"convergent boundaries\"\" and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11687955",
"chunk_text": "\"Residuum (geology)\"\nwhich soils form”. Making Parent material an important part of the soil forming process. The other soil forming factors are climate, organisms, relief and time. Parent materials are classified by their mode of transport into a system. These modes of transport are by wind (aeloian), water, ice (glacial till), lakes (lacustrine), oceans (marine) or in place (non transported). Soils derived from residuum are called residual soils. These soils are expected to mineralogically similar to their underlying bedrock. While residuum is similar to the term regolith, it is more specific. While regolith refers to all unconsolidated earth materials above the solid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4162916",
"chunk_text": "\"Sedimentary rock\"\nSedimentary rock Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock are called sediment, and may be composed of geological detritus (minerals) or biological detritus (organic matter). Before being deposited, the geological detritus was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1882999",
"chunk_text": "Silt\nSilt Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water (also known as a suspended load) and soil in a body of water such as a river. It may also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water body, like mudflows from landslides. Silt has a moderate specific area with a typically non-sticky, plastic feel. Silt usually has a floury feel when dry, and a slippery feel when wet.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17967199",
"chunk_text": "\"Surface exposure dating\"\nalpha particles. These particles interact with atoms in atmospheric gases, producing a cascade of secondary particles that may in turn interact and reduce their energies in many reactions as they pass through the atmosphere. By the time the cosmic ray cascade reaches the surface of Earth it is primarily composed of neutrons. When one of these particles strikes an atom it can dislodge one or more protons and/or neutrons from that atom, producing a different element or a different isotope of the original element. In rock and other materials of similar density, most of the cosmic ray flux is absorbed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17708674",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographical feature\"\nBiomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorized by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers, and numerous other elements. Oceans and continents are the highest-order landforms. A body of water is any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth. The term \"\"body of water\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1841448",
"chunk_text": "\"Surface runoff\"\nSurface runoff Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas (roofs and pavement) send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface runoff is a major component of the water cycle. It is the primary agent in soil erosion by water. Runoff that occurs on the ground surface before reaching a channel is also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8931992",
"chunk_text": "\"Biotic material\"\nBiotic material Biotic material or biological derived material is any material that originates from living organisms. Most such materials contain carbon and are capable of decay. The earliest life on Earth arose at least 3.5 billion years ago. Earlier physical evidences of life include graphite, a biogenic substance, in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in southwestern Greenland, as well as, \"\"remains of biotic life\"\" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. Earth's biodiversity has expanded continually except when interrupted by mass extinctions. Although scholars estimate that over 99 percent of all species of life (over five billion) that ever",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16024802",
"chunk_text": "Land\nthe molten outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid mass as the accumulated water vapor began to act in the atmosphere. Once land became capable of supporting life, biodiversity evolved over hundreds of million years, expanding continually except when punctuated by mass extinctions. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the Earth's interior. On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8505994",
"chunk_text": "\"Saltation (geology)\"\nSaltation (geology) In geology, saltation (from Latin \"\"saltus\"\", \"\"leap\"\") is a specific type of particle transport by fluids such as wind or water. It occurs when loose materials are removed from a bed and carried by the fluid, before being transported back to the surface. Examples include pebble transport by rivers, sand drift over desert surfaces, soil blowing over fields, and snow drift over smooth surfaces such as those in the Arctic or Canadian Prairies. At low fluid velocities, loose material rolls downstream, staying in contact with the surface. This is called \"\"creep\"\" or \"\"reptation\"\". Here the forces exerted by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3231823",
"chunk_text": "Pedosphere\nPedosphere The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον \"\"pedon\"\" \"\"soil\"\" or \"\"earth\"\" and σφαῖρα \"\"sphaira\"\" \"\"sphere\"\") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on Earth. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19507589",
"chunk_text": "\"Exhumation (geology)\"\nExhumation (geology) In geology, the term exhumation refers to the process by which a parcel of rock approaches Earth's surface. It differs from the related ideas of rock uplift and surface uplift in that it is explicitly measured relative to the surface of the Earth, rather than with reference to some absolute reference frame, such as the Earth's geoid.Exhumation is almost a synonym for denudation, except some authors have considered the former to be in the frame of reference of the uplifted rock, and the latter to be in the frame of reference of the surface towards which rocks are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7756383",
"chunk_text": "Water\nthat occurs on the surface of the earth. Deposition of transported sediment forms many types of sedimentary rocks, which make up the geologic record of Earth history. The water cycle (known scientifically as the hydrologic cycle) refers to the continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere, between the atmosphere, soil water, surface water, groundwater, and plants. Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the \"\"water cycle\"\" consisting of following transfer processes: Most water vapor over the oceans returns to the oceans, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9695469",
"chunk_text": "Earth\nEarth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine. Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone) and dolomite. The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of at the Dead Sea, to a maximum altitude of at the top of Mount Everest. The mean height of land above sea level is about . The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's continental surface and is composed of soil",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10499321",
"chunk_text": "Anthropocene\ndrainage control. Direct changes to the form of the Earth's surface by human activities (e.g., quarrying, landscaping) also record human impacts. It has been suggested the deposition of calthemite formations are one example of a natural process which has not previously occurred prior to the human modification of the Earth's surface, and therefore represents a unique process of the Anthropocene. Calthemite is a secondary deposit, derived from concrete, lime, mortar or other calcareous material \"\"outside the cave environment\"\". Calthemites grow on or under, man-made structures (including mines and tunnels) and mimic the shapes and forms of cave speleothems, such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13662378",
"chunk_text": "Regolith\njust deposited) to hundreds of millions of years old (regolith of Precambrian age occurs in parts of Australia). Regolith on Earth originates from weathering and biological processes; if it contains a significant proportion of biological compounds it is more conventionally referred to as soil. People also call various types of earthly regolith by such names as dirt, dust, gravel, sand, and (when wet) mud. On Earth, the presence of regolith is one of the important factors for most life, since few plants can grow on or within solid rock and animals would be unable to burrow or build shelter without",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10864909",
"chunk_text": "\"Extraterrestrial materials\"\nby the Solar System, along with some atoms from local nucleosynthesis sources, at the time of the Sun's formation. Knowledge of these average planetary system elemental abundances is serving as a powerful tool for tracking chemical and physical processes involved in the formation of planets, and the evolution of their surfaces. Awaiting more on this here cf. cosmic abundance. The atmosphere of planet Earth, and the Earth's magnetic field, protect us from impact and irradiation by a wide range of objects that fly around in space. Those who know about these effects can often learn from them a lot about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11356262",
"chunk_text": "Lithosphere\nLithosphere A lithosphere ( [\"\"lithos\"\"] for \"\"rocky\"\", and [\"\"sphaira\"\"] for \"\"sphere\"\") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater. The outermost shell of a rocky planet, the crust, is defined on the basis of its chemistry and mineralogy. The study of past and current formations of landscapes is called geomorphology. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8505999",
"chunk_text": "\"Saltation (geology)\"\nbecause it is primarily the saltation of sand particles which dislodges smaller dust particles into the atmosphere. Dust particles and other aerosols such as soot affect the amount of sunlight received by the atmosphere and earth, and are nuclei for condensation of the water vapour. Saltation layers can also form in avalanches. Saltation (geology) In geology, saltation (from Latin \"\"saltus\"\", \"\"leap\"\") is a specific type of particle transport by fluids such as wind or water. It occurs when loose materials are removed from a bed and carried by the fluid, before being transported back to the surface. Examples include pebble",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6801468",
"chunk_text": "Mountain\nlakes. Plateau mountains, such as the Catskills, are formed from the erosion of an uplifted plateau. In earth science, \"\"erosion\"\" is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it away to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement). The particulate breakdown of rock or soil into clastic sediment is referred to as \"\"physical\"\" or \"\"mechanical\"\" erosion; this contrasts with \"\"chemical\"\" erosion, where soil or rock material is removed from an area by its dissolving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10017710",
"chunk_text": "Particulates\nParticulates Atmospheric aerosol particles – also known as atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM), particulates, or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the atmosphere of Earth. The term \"\"aerosol\"\" commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be natural or anthropogenic. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health. Subtypes of atmospheric particles include suspended particulate matter (SPM), thoracic and respirable particles, inhalable coarse particles, which are coarse particles with a diameter between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (μm) (PM),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_851
|
when is the last time the new york giants won the super bowl?
|
n/a
|
[
"(2011"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14012797",
"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nState. On December 9, 2018, the Giants became the first team in NFL history to win 100 regular season games against an opponent. The Giants have won a total of eight League Championships: 1927, 1934, 1938, 1956, 1986, 1990, 2007 and 2011. The first four of those championships came in the pre-Super Bowl era. New York's eight championships put them third among all active and defunct NFL teams, trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13) and the Chicago Bears (9). Before the Super Bowl was instituted, the Giants won four officially recognized NFL championships. The Giants have won four Super",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14012798",
"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nBowls, tied with Green Bay for the fifth most behind only Dallas, San Francisco and New England (all with 5), and Pittsburgh (6). The Giants have won five NFC Championship Games, including two in overtime in 2007 and 2011. With over 80 years of team history, the Giants have used numerous uniforms and logos, while maintaining a consistent identity. The Giants' logos include several incarnations of a giant quarterback preparing to throw a football, a lowercase \"\"ny\"\", and stylized versions of the team nickname. Giants' jerseys are traditionally blue or red (or white with blue or red accents), and their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14012746",
"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nis the only one of that group still existing, as well as the league's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States. The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles: four in the pre–Super Bowl era (1927, 1934, 1938, 1956) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl (XXI (1986), XXV (1990), XLII (2007), and XLVI (2011)), along with more championship appearances than any other team, with 19 overall appearances. Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers (13) and Chicago Bears (9). Throughout their history, the Giants have featured 28 Hall",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nthe Big Blue Wrecking Crew defense. As of 2017, this is the Giants' best regular season record since the NFL began playing 16-game seasons in 1978. After clinching the top seed in the NFC, the Giants defeated the 49ers 49–3 in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs and the Redskins 17–0 in the NFC championship game, advancing to their first Super Bowl, Super Bowl XXI, against the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Led by MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20, to",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nare essentially a modernization of the design used from 1956 to 1961. Additionally, the Giants had a third jersey until the 2009 season, which recalled the Giants' solid red home jerseys from the early 1950s: a solid red alternate with white block numbers. These jerseys were used a total of four times, but have since been retired. They were used once in 2004 against the Philadelphia Eagles and in three consecutive years – 2005, 2006, and 2007 – against the Dallas Cowboys. The Giants have had a long and, at times, turbulent financial history. The team was founded by Tim",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nSuper Bowl for an unprecedented third straight year, 15–13 at San Francisco and then defeated the Buffalo Bills 20–19 in Super Bowl XXV. Following the 1990 season, Parcells resigned as head coach and was replaced by the team's offensive-line coach Ray Handley. Handley served as coach for two disappointing seasons (1991 and 1992), which saw the Giants fall from Super Bowl champions to an 8–8 record in 1991 and a 6–10 record in 1992. He was fired following the 1992 season, and replaced by former Denver Broncos' coach Dan Reeves. In the early 1990s, Simms and Taylor, two of the",
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"chunk_id": "1939305",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nHistory of the New York Giants The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the National Football League's National Football Conference, has a history dating back more than 80 seasons. The Giants were founded in 1925 by Tim Mara in the then five-year-old NFL. Mara owned the team until his death in 1959, when it was passed on to his sons, Wellington and Jack. During their history, the Giants have won eight NFL championships, four of which came in Super Bowls. In just its third season, the team finished with the best record in the league",
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"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI\"\nled the team in combined tackles with 96. The Giants joined the 2008 Arizona Cardinals and 1979 Los Angeles Rams as the only other team to advance to the Super Bowl with fewer than ten victories since the NFL expanded to a 16-game season in 1978, and the only one of those three to win the Super Bowl they had advanced to. They have won six consecutive playoff games away from their home stadium, dating back to their victory over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2007 Wild Card round. That includes their Super Bowl XLII victory over these same",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nthe Super Bowl in 2000, but lost to the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. The Giants upset the heavily favored New England Patriots in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI. The Giants were founded in 1925 by original owner Tim Mara with an investment of $500. Legally named \"\"New York Football Giants\"\" (which they still are to this day) to distinguish themselves from the baseball team of the same name, they became one of the first teams in the then five-year-old National Football League. In 1919, Charles Stoneham, the owner of the New York Giants baseball team, had organized and",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nHistory of the New York Giants (1994–present) The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the NFL's National Football Conference, have qualified for the postseason seven times since 1994. With the retirement of Phil Simms and Lawrence Taylor — two of the most important figures in franchise history – after the 1993 season, the Giants entered a new era. After a successful 1993 season, the Giants struggled under head coach Dan Reeves, and failed to reach the playoffs for three consecutive seasons. With the hiring of Jim Fassel as the team's new head coach in 1997,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Logos and uniforms of the New York Giants\"\nGiants, along with the other 31 NFL teams, unveiled their Color Rush uniform. The Giants revealed a white jersey, similar in design to the their away jerseys worn from the 1976–99 seasons. To further add to the quasi-throwback look, the team reveal that they would likewise wear the helmet design they had from the 1976–99 era. The uniform was worn for their Week 16 game against the Philadelphia Eagles on December 22. In 2017, the uniform was worn for their Week 14 game against the Dallas Cowboys on December 10, the first time the Giants wore white at a regular",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\ndown at the 1-yard line but his momentum carried him in, thus the \"\"reluctant touchdown.\"\" As was the case in each of their four previous Super Bowl appearances, the Giants trailed at halftime. They are the only team in NFL history to have more than two second half, come-from-behind, Super Bowl victories (4). The Pittsburgh Steelers, who accomplished the feat in Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIV, are the only other team to do it more than once. The Giants began the 2012 season with a home loss to the Cowboys, but rebounded to finish October with a 6–2",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nalong with General Manager Jerry Reese. Defensive Coordinator Steve Spagnolo was named Interim Head Coach and Eli Manning was reinstalled as starting Quarterback. History of the New York Giants (1994–present) The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the NFL's National Football Conference, have qualified for the postseason seven times since 1994. With the retirement of Phil Simms and Lawrence Taylor — two of the most important figures in franchise history – after the 1993 season, the Giants entered a new era. After a successful 1993 season, the Giants struggled under head coach Dan Reeves, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nthe popularity of the NFL in the United States. The Giants registered just two winning seasons from 1964 to 1980 and were unable to advance to the playoffs. From 1981 to 1990, the team qualified for the postseason seven times and won Super Bowls XXI and XXV. The team's success during the 1980s was aided by head coach Bill Parcells, quarterback Phil Simms and Hall of Fame linebackers Lawrence Taylor and Harry Carson. New York struggled throughout much of the 1990s as Parcells left the team, and players such as Simms and Taylor declined and eventually retired. They returned to",
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"chunk_id": "19671935",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nthe Giants fortunes improved and they made the playoffs several times. Led by free agent acquisition quarterback Kerry Collins, the Fassel era included an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV, where they lost to the Baltimore Ravens. Although there was success, the Fassel era was also marked by inconsistency, and he was fired after the 2003 season. Fassel was replaced by Tom Coughlin who served as head coach from 2004 to 2015. The Giants acquired their current starting quarterback Eli Manning via a draft day trade from the San Diego Chargers. Manning had been the quarterback at University of Mississippi, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nand with a losing record for the first time since 2004. The Giants drafted rookie wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in the 2014 NFL Draft, who would later go on to win the AP Offensive Rookie of the Year award. However, the Giants missed the playoffs for a third straight season, finishing with a 6–10 record. The 2015 New York Giants season was another disappointing campaign, as the Giants showcased a struggling defense and several late-game collapses. The Giants finished the season with a 6–10 record and missed the playoffs. On January 14, 2016, the Giants announced that Ben McAdoo",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nand Dallas, partially due to the large distance between the two cities. The Cowboys lead the regular season series 64–45–2, while the Giants hold the lone playoff victory between the two teams, held at the conclusion of the 2007 season. Despite never being in the same division, the Giants and 49ers have developed a heated rivalry over the years. The two teams have met eight times in the playoffs (including two NFC Championship Games, both won by New York) since 1982, which is the most of any two teams in that span. The overall series is tied 16–16, as is",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nback to 1932. While this rivalry is typically given less significance than the rivalries with the Eagles and Cowboys, there have been periods of great competition between the two. In the 1980s the Giants and Redskins clashed as both struggled against each other for division titles and even Super Bowl Championships. Most notable among these is the 1986 NFC Championship game in which the Giants defeated the Redskins 17–0 to earn their first ever trip to the Super Bowl. Wellington Mara always felt this was the Giants oldest and truest rival, and after passing away in 2005, the Giants honored",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nplayoffs in his first year as head coach. On December 11, 2016, during a Sunday Night Football game against the Dallas Cowboys, McAdoo was fined $200,000 for illegally using a walkie talkie on the field. 2017, McAdoo's 2nd season as Giants' Head Coach, would prove much more challenging. An inept offense and under-performing defense, paired with season ending injuries to star wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr, resulted in a slow start the young Head Coach could not overcome. Disciplinary issues followed as mid-season suspensions were handed out to defensive stars Janoris Jenkins and Dominique Rogers-Cromartie. There was also speculation Corner-back",
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"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI\"\nSuper Bowl XLVI Super Bowl XLVI (46) was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2011 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 21–17. The game was played on February 5, 2012 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in Indiana. In addition to winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history, the Giants set a new record for the lowest regular",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nEli Manning was the game's MVP, defeating Tom Brady for a second time in the Super Bowl. Despite winning 2 Super Bowl championships in 5 years, the 2012 (9-7), 2013 (7-9), and 2014 (6-10) seasons saw the Giants missing the playoffs 3 years in a row. A bright spot of the 2014 season was rookie Odell Beckham Jr., who burst onto the scene catching 91 passes on 132 targets, for 1,305 yards and 12 touchdowns, and in doing so winning Offensive Rookie of the Year. The Giants struggled in 2015, finishing 6-10 again and third in the NFC East due",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nwould become the team's head coach. He replaced Tom Coughlin, who had resigned the previous week. The Giants turned it around in 2016, ending their five-year playoff drought. The Giants later lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13 in the Wild Card round. After having high expectations due to their 11–5 record in 2016, the Giants had an unexpected 0–5 start to the season, before pulling a massive upset versus the Broncos at Sports Authority Field at Mile High for their first win of the season. However, during the Week 5 game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Odell Beckham Jr.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Big Blue Wrecking Crew\"\nBig Blue Wrecking Crew The Big Blue Wrecking Crew was the defense for the New York Giants during the 1980s that won two Super Bowl Championships, the first in Super Bowl XXI in 1986 and the other in Super Bowl XXV in 1990. A 3-4 defense, it was among the greatest NFL defenses of all time, and featured Lawrence Taylor as its star, considered by many to be the greatest defensive player in NFL history. The New York Giants, while historically a successful franchise, suffered a long playoff drought lasting from 1964 after losing the 1963 NFL Championship to the",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nfractured his fibula, an injury that ended his season. During the same game, the Giants also lost wide receivers Brandon Marshall and Dwayne Harris to season-ending injuries. The season was also marred by suspensions of Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and Janoris Jenkins. The Giants finished the 2017 season with a 3–13 record, marking the first time since 1983 in which the Giants finished the regular season with three or less wins. The Giants earned the second overall pick in the 2018 NFL Draft with the second lowest winning percentage during the 2017 season, and used it to pick Saquon Barkley from Penn",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nthen has ended in a scoreless tie. The Giants were particularly successful from the latter half of the 1930s until the United States entry into World War II. They added their third NFL championship in 1938 with a 23–17 win over the Green Bay Packers. They did not win another league title until 1956, the first year the team began playing at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx borough of New York City. Aided by a number of future Pro Football Hall of Fame players such as running back Frank Gifford, linebacker Sam Huff, and offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown, as well",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nNew York Giants The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area. The Giants compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team plays its home games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, which it shares with the New York Jets in a unique arrangement. The Giants hold their summer training camp at the Quest Diagnostics Training Center at the Meadowlands Sports Complex. The Giants were one of five teams that joined the NFL in 1925, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\ntheir longtime owner by defeating the Redskins 36–0 at home. The Giants lead this series 100–68–4. The Giants 100 wins against the Redskins are the most wins against another franchise in NFL history. The Giants have maintained a fierce divisional rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys since the Cowboys first began play in 1960. The two teams have a combined nine Super Bowl victories between them, and have played many games in which the NFC East title was at stake. The rivalry is unique among professional sports as it is the only divisional rivalry between sports teams from New York City",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nbroke up several Brady pass attempts. A last-second throw into the end zone by the Patriots QB was thwarted and the Giants had won their second Super Bowl 21–17 in four years at New England's expense. After several disappointing seasons, Coughlin retired after the end of the 2015 season as head coach and replaced with previous offensive coordinator Ben McAdoo. McAdoo brought the Giants to an 11-5 record and their first playoff berth since 2011 with a much improved defense (despite a mediocre offense). He was the first Giants coach since Jim Fassel in 1997 to bring them to the",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nagainst the Miami Dolphins on October 28 in London's Wembley Stadium; this was the first NFL regular-season game to be played outside of North America. The Giants defeated the Dolphins, 13–10. The Giants finished 10–6, and became NFC Champions after defeating the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Dallas Cowboys, and Green Bay Packers in the NFC Playoffs. They set a record for most consecutive road wins in a single season with 10 (a streak which ended with a loss to the Cleveland Browns during week 6 of the 2008 season). The Patriots (18–0) entered the Super Bowl undefeated and were 12 point",
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"chunk_text": "\"Financial history of the New York Giants\"\nhad to return the $1 million to Trump; the Giants were required to pay Trump $750,000 over the next five seasons in order for Trump to release Taylor's rights; and Taylor was given a new six-year $6.2-million contract by the Giants. With Taylor retained, the Giants won two Super Bowls; in 1986, led by Taylor, who won the league's Most Valuable Player award, they defeated the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXI, and in 1990, they defeated the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXV. The decision to put football matters in the hands of Young was a key factor in",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nnot entitled to a ticker-tape parade in New York City. On February 5, 2008, the city, under mayor Michael Bloomberg, threw a ticker tape parade in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLII victory at the Canyon of Heroes in lower Manhattan. New York City held another ticker tape parade on February 7, 2012, in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLVI victory. According to a team spokesman, in 2001, 52 percent of the Giants' season ticket-holders lived in New Jersey. Most of the remaining ticket holders lived in New York State with some coming from other states. Through the",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nback of the end zone to put the Giants in the lead. It was the third biggest upset by betting line in Super Bowl history (the Baltimore Colts were favored by 17 over the New York Jets in Super Bowl III, and the St. Louis Rams were favored by 14 over the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVI). Co-owner John Mara described it as \"\"the greatest victory in the history of this franchise, without question\"\". The Giants began the 2008 NFL season with a record of 11–1, but lost three of their last four regular season games partially due",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nNFC top seed Dallas Cowboys, winning their ninth consecutive road game. In the NFC championship, kicker Lawrence Tynes made a final field goal for a 23–20 overtime win over the Packers in Green Bay. This made the Giants 4–0 in NFC championship games, and they advanced to Super Bowl XLII. In Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, the New York Giants defeated the New England Patriots 17–14. The biggest play of the game was on third down on the Giants 44-yard line with 1:15 remaining. They were down 14–10 After the snap, Manning ran back and was surrounded by",
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"chunk_text": "\"Eli Manning\"\nand two touchdowns with no interceptions. The Giants were the first team to beat an NFC number one seed in the divisional round since the start of the 12-team format in 1990. This victory secured an NFC Championship berth against the Green Bay Packers on Sunday, January 20, 2008. In the NFC Championship, the Giants beat the Packers in overtime, with a score of 23-20. The dramatic victory secured Manning and the Giants a trip to Super Bowl XLII. This was the first Super Bowl appearance for the New York Giants since Super Bowl XXXV in 2001, and their first",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1979–93)\"\n1990s. Led by a run-oriented offense and a defense nicknamed the \"\"Big Blue Wrecking Crew\"\", the team qualified for the postseason six times in 10 seasons from 1981 to 1990. During that period, they won Super Bowl XXI (1987) and Super Bowl XXV (1991). The period encompasses the careers of quarterback Phil Simms and linebacker Lawrence Taylor, two of the most accomplished players in team history. Simms was drafted to little fanfare from tiny Morehead State University in 1979, and struggled in his initial seasons before becoming a Pro Bowl quarterback. Taylor was the second selection in the 1981 NFL",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dave Gettleman\"\nthe Buffalo Bills. He spent the next seven years working in their scouting department before leaving to accept a scouting job with the Denver Broncos after the 1993 season. In 1998, he was hired by the New York Giants, who promoted him to Pro Personnel Director the next year. In 2012, he was given the title of Senior Pro Personnel Analyst. In January 2013, he was chosen to become the General Manager of the Carolina Panthers. In the 2015 season, the Panthers reached Super Bowl 50 on February 7, 2016. The Panthers fell to the Denver Broncos by a score",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nas all-pro running back Alex Webster. The Giants' 1956 championship team not only included players who would eventually find their way to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but a Hall of Fame coaching staff, as well. Head coach Jim Lee Howell's staff had Vince Lombardi coaching the offense and Tom Landry coaching the defense. From 1958 to 1963, the Giants played in the NFL Championship Game five times, but failed to win. Most significantly, the Giants played the Colts in the 1958 NFL Championship Game, which is considered a event in the history of the NFL. The game, which",
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"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXI\"\nSuper Bowl XXI Super Bowl XXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1986 season. The Giants defeated the Broncos by the score of 39–20, winning their first ever Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1956. The game was played on January 25, 1987, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This was the Broncos' first Super Bowl appearance since the 1977 season. Led largely through the play of quarterback John",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nfor the Giants. With the victory, the Giants advanced to the second round against the top-ranked Green Bay Packers. On January 15, 2012, the Giants defeated the Green Bay Packers 37–20. Eli Manning threw for 330 yards and 3 touchdowns, two of which to wide receiver Hakeem Nicks. This earned the Giants a spot in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2012, against the San Francisco 49ers. They won this game 20–17, in overtime, with Tynes scoring the winning field goal as he did four years earlier in the same game against the Packers. The New York Giants won",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nXXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders). Following several seasons with poor records in the 1980s, the Dallas Cowboys rose back to prominence in the 1990s. During this decade, the Cowboys made post-season appearances every year except for the seasons of 1990 and 1997. From 1992 to 1996, the Cowboys won their division championship each year. In this same period, the Buffalo Bills had",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nimproved from their last two season. The Giants clinched a 10 win season for the first time since 2010 with their Week 15 win over the Detroit Lions . Despite losing to the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 16, the Giants clinched a playoff trip when the Tampa Bay Buccaneers lost to the New Orleans Saints on Christmas Eve ending the Giants 5 year playoff drought. History of the New York Giants The New York Giants, an American football team which currently plays in the National Football League's National Football Conference, has a history dating back more than 80 seasons. The",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nthe eventual Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos in week 15, giving the Broncos their first loss of the season after starting 13–0. Before the 1999 season, the Giants signed ex-Carolina Panthers quarterback Kerry Collins. Collins was the first-ever draft choice of the expansion Carolina Panthers in 1995, and led the Panthers to the NFC Championship game in his second season. However, problems with alcohol, conflicts with his teammates and questions about his character led to his release from the Panthers. The Giants finished the season with a 7–9 record, Fassel's first losing season as head coach. In 2000, the Giants",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nThe Giants are owned and operated by John Mara and Steve Tisch. \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine estimated the value of the team in 2012 to be $1.3 billion. This ranks the New York Giants as the fourth most valuable franchise in the NFL and the ninth most valuable professional sports franchise in the world. The value has steadily increased from $288 million in 1998, to their current value. The magazine estimated their revenue in 2006 at $182 million, of which $46 million came from gate receipts. Operating income was $26.9 million, and player salary was $102 million. Current major sponsors include Gatorade,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Eli Manning\"\nGiants franchise records for most passing yards, touchdown passes, and completed passes in a career. He led the Giants to victory in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI, defeating the New England Patriots in both games. Manning was named Most Valuable Player in each Super Bowl, becoming one of five players to have multiple Super Bowl MVP awards (Bart Starr and Terry Bradshaw also have two, Joe Montana three and Tom Brady four). Manning started 210 straight games from 2004 to 2017, the second-longest consecutive starts streak by a quarterback in NFL history. He is the seventh all-time leader in passing",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nAnheuser Busch, Toyota, and Verizon Wireless. Recent former sponsors include Miller Brewing and North Fork Bank. Luxury suites, retail and game day concessions at the new stadium are provisioned and operated by global hospitality giant Delaware North. The team's average ticket price is $72. The Giants draw their fans from the New York metropolitan area. Since their move to New Jersey in 1976, fans from each state have claimed the team as their own. In January 1987, shortly before the team won Super Bowl XXI, then New York City mayor Ed Koch labeled the team \"\"foreigners\"\" and said they were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10260258",
"chunk_text": "\"National Football League rivalries\"\nfour times in the playoffs. The Giants won in 1981 & 2000, and the Eagles won in 2006 & 2008. The Giants lead the all-time series 85–81–2 as of the end of the 2016 season. The Giants and Redskins have a storied rivalry. While New York leads the rivalry, there have been great periods of competition between the two teams, most notably during the 1980s where they clashed for division titles and Super Bowl championships. Between 1982–91 they combined for 8 division titles and 5 Super Bowl titles, two by the Giants (1986, 1990) and three by the Redskins (1982,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14012788",
"chunk_text": "\"New York Giants\"\nplayoff contention. The game was flexed into Sunday Night Football. The Giants defeated the Cowboys, 31–14, and clinched the NFC East title and the fourth seed in the playoffs. Wide receiver Victor Cruz finished the regular season with 1,536 receiving yards, breaking the Giants franchise record previously held by Amani Toomer. On January 8, 2012 in the first round of the playoffs the Giants defeated the Atlanta Falcons 24–2. After giving up an early safety in the first half, QB Eli Manning threw for three consecutive touchdowns. RBs Ahmad Bradshaw and Brandon Jacobs combined for 172 yards rushing, a season-high",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3803472",
"chunk_text": "\"Logos and uniforms of the New York Giants\"\n\"\"giant quarterback\"\" logo is illustrative of the evolution of both the Giants and the sport that they play. Initially, the giant quarterback towers above the New York City skyline, then Yankee Stadium (the team's home from 1956–1973), and finally Giants Stadium (their home from 1976–2009). Previous to his current incarnation, the logo-bound giant quarterbacks executed a \"\"stiff-arm\"\" as part of his pass wind-up and wore a helmet with no face mask. The current giant quarterback prepares to throw without a stiff-arm and wears current NFL gear, including a helmet with a facemask. Since 1949, the Giants have worn blue helmets,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7191969",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants (1994–present)\"\nkicker Josh Brown kicked a 36-yard game-winning field goal. They then defeated the Cowboys 17–10. The Giants defense made opposing QB Drew Bledsoe go 15 of 39 for 146 yards with only one touchdown pass and two interceptions. On December 17, 2005, in their 27–17 home victory against the Kansas City Chiefs, Tiki Barber set the team's single game rushing yard record with 220 yards, breaking the previous record of 218 yards, which had been set by Gene Roberts on November 12, 1950. The Giants won the NFC East title for the first time since 2000 with a 30–21 win",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1939306",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Giants\"\nat 11–1–1 and was awarded the NFL title. In a 14-year span beginning in 1933, New York qualified to play in the NFL championship game eight times, winning twice (1934 and 1938). They did not win another championship until 1956, aided by several future Hall of Fame players such as running back Frank Gifford, linebacker Sam Huff, and offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown. From 1958 to 1963, the Giants played in the NFL championship game five times, but failed to win. The 1958 NFL Championship game, in which they lost 23–17 in overtime to the Baltimore Colts, is credited with increasing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_852
|
nickname given to railroad executives due to shady practices of their businesses?
|
n/a
|
[
"Robber baron",
"Robber Barons"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2390621",
"chunk_text": "\"Railroad Bill\"\nRailroad Bill Morris Slater, a former circus hand and turpentine worker, lived life on the edge, becoming Railroad Bill, an African American desperado celebrated in folklore and song. Little is known about the personal life of the individual who became notorious as Railroad Bill. His true name, location of his birth, and details of his family have been debated since his criminal career ended in 1896. What is known is that he once traveled with a circus and learned showmanship and the skills of a performer. He joined a turpentine company in South Carolina and continued with the firm when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6492097",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Schuyler\"\nRobert Schuyler Robert Schuyler or Robert Livingston Schuyler (September 16, 1798 – November 15, 1855), was a financier, steamboat operator, and railroad president who acted as the de facto head of the prominent Schuyler family during his adulthood. Schuyler, who in his day was known as \"\"America's first railroad king,\"\" is best known today for his role in America’s first large-scale stock fraud on the New York and New Haven Railroad. His scandal is among the greatest scandals in Wall Street history alongside the Bernie Madoff scandal and the Richard Whitney scandal. Schuyler was born in Rhinebeck, New York in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7999231",
"chunk_text": "\"Robber baron (industrialist)\"\nRobber baron (industrialist) \"\"Robber baron\"\" is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who were accused of using unscrupulous methods to get rich, or expand their wealth, for example Cornelius Vanderbilt taking money from government-subsidized shippers, in order to not compete on their routes. The term was based on an analogy to the German robber barons, local feudal lords or bandits in Germany who waylaid travellers through their ostensible territory, claiming some tax or fine was owed. The term robber baron derives from the \"\"Raubritter\"\" (\"\"robber knights\"\"), the medieval German lords who charged",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13662491",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Schuyler\"\nMoody Erwen and Agnes (née Gominger) Erwen, in 1886. Robert Schuyler Robert Schuyler or Robert Livingston Schuyler (September 16, 1798 – November 15, 1855), was a financier, steamboat operator, and railroad president who acted as the de facto head of the prominent Schuyler family during his adulthood. Schuyler, who in his day was known as \"\"America's first railroad king,\"\" is best known today for his role in America’s first large-scale stock fraud on the New York and New Haven Railroad. His scandal is among the greatest scandals in Wall Street history alongside the Bernie Madoff scandal and the Richard Whitney",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9506768",
"chunk_text": "\"Robber baron (industrialist)\"\nhere are listed in Josephson, \"\"Robber Barons\"\" or in the cited source, Robber baron (industrialist) \"\"Robber baron\"\" is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who were accused of using unscrupulous methods to get rich, or expand their wealth, for example Cornelius Vanderbilt taking money from government-subsidized shippers, in order to not compete on their routes. The term was based on an analogy to the German robber barons, local feudal lords or bandits in Germany who waylaid travellers through their ostensible territory, claiming some tax or fine was owed. The term robber baron",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18559773",
"chunk_text": "Acronym\nto describe it) include the following: During the mid- to late 19th century, an acronym-disseminating trend spread through the American and European business communities: abbreviating corporation names —such as on the sides of railroad cars (e.g., \"\"Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad\"\" → \"\"RF&P\"\"); on the sides of barrels and crates; and on ticker tape and in the small-print newspaper stock listings that got their data from it (e.g. American Telephone and Telegraph Company → AT&T). Some well-known commercial examples dating from the 1890s through 1920s include \"\"Nabisco\"\" (\"\"National Biscuit Company\"\"), \"\"Esso\"\" (from \"\"S.O.\"\", from \"\"Standard Oil\"\"), and \"\"Sunoco\"\" (\"\"Sun Oil",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9848131",
"chunk_text": "\"First Transcontinental Railroad\"\nformed independent companies to complete the project, and they controlled management of the new companies along with the railroad ventures. This self-dealing allowed them to build in generous profit margins paid out by the railroad companies. In the west, the four men heading the Central Pacific chose a simple name for their company, the \"\"Contract and Finance Company.\"\" In the east, the Union Pacific selected a foreign name, calling their construction firm \"\"Crédit Mobilier of America.\"\" The latter company was later implicated in a far-reaching scandal, described later. Many of the engineers and surveyors who were hired by the Union",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8823041",
"chunk_text": "\"Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)\"\nsame neighborhood of San Francisco, the area quickly became known as Nob Hill, a name it carries today. Ambrose Bierce lampooned the \"\"Big Four\"\" in his work \"\"\"\"Black Beetles in Amber\"\"\"\", a collection of satirical verses attacking various prominent Californians. In \"\"The Birth of the Rail\"\", \"\"road agents\"\" (bandits) Happy Hunty (Huntington), Cowboy Charley (Crocker), and Leland The Kid (Stanford), joined by minor devil Sootymug (Hopkins), give up robbing stage coaches for the much greater loot of railroad operation. Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad) \"\"The Big Four\"\" was the name popularly given to the famous and influential businessmen, philanthropists and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16300330",
"chunk_text": "\"Jacob Little\"\noften stated he was in the business of \"\"bearing stock\"\", in the tradition of the bear market. Little distinguished himself with large, early investments into the railroad construction industry, still regarded with some suspicion by financiers. As with his other activities, these paid off handily, eventually earning him a new title, that of the \"\"Railroad King\"\". However, for all of his wealth Little was little loved by his peers, many of whom secretly believed him to be lacking personal integrity, a hulking, manipulative figure who built his fortune through speculation and market manipulation and crushed other traders underfoot as he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5608398",
"chunk_text": "Train\nof North American passenger rail travel, long distance trains carried two conductors: the aforementioned train conductor, and a Pullman conductor, the latter being in charge of sleeping car personnel. Many prestigious passenger train services have been given a specific name, some of which have become famous in literature and fiction. In past years, railroaders often referred to passenger trains as the \"\"varnish\"\", alluding to the bygone days of wooden-bodied coaches with their lustrous exterior finishes and fancy livery. \"\"Blocking the varnish\"\" meant a slow-moving freight train was obstructing a fast passenger train, causing delays. Some passenger trains, both long distance",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6527128",
"chunk_text": "\"Private railroad car\"\nPrivate railroad car A private railroad car, private railway coach, private car or private varnish is a railroad passenger car which was either originally built or later converted for service as a business car for private individuals. A private car could be added to the make-up of a train or pulled by a private locomotive, providing splendid upholstered privacy for its passengers. They were used by railroad officials and dignitaries as business cars, and wealthy individuals for travel and entertainment, especially in the United States. They were sometimes used by politicians in \"\"whistle stop campaigns\"\". Pay cars with less opulent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4101958",
"chunk_text": "\"Business history\"\nBusiness history Business history deals with the history of business organizations, of business methods, of government regulation of businesses, of labor relations, and of business impacts on society. It also includes biographies of individual companies, executives, and entrepreneurs. It is related to economic history. Even before academic studies began, Americans were enthralled by the Robber baron debate. As the United States industrialized very rapidly after the Civil War, a few hundred prominent men made large fortunes by building and controlling major industries, such as railroads, shipping, steel, mining and banking. Yet the newer who gathered the most attention was railroader",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17117111",
"chunk_text": "Monikers\nRoads). Many of the artists are railroad workers, train hoppers, and railroad enthusiasts. •Since the utilization of trains in the late 1800s, messages were written on boxcars with solid paint sticks used to communicate with people in different locations across North America to warn others about people, or news. •A Moniker is a one line \"\"tag\"\" on a freight train that was done by hobos or train conductors. •\"\"Monicus' are the nom-de-rails that hobos accept when thrust upon them by their fellows,\"\" Jack London explains in his work, The Road. •http://www.etymonline.com states that the word moniker was a hobo word",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17886465",
"chunk_text": "\"Robber baron (industrialist)\"\nbusiness history has been that waged by the critics and defenders of the \"\"robber baron\"\" concept of the American businessman.\"\" Richard White, historian of the transcontinental railroads, stated in 2011 he has no use for the concept, which has been killed off by historians Robert Wiebe and Alfred Chandler. He notes that \"\"Much of the modern history of corporations is a reaction against the Robber Barons and fictions.\"\" In the popular culture the metaphor continues. In 1975 the student body of Stanford University voted to use \"\"Robber Barons\"\" as the nickname for their sports teams. However, school administrators disallowed it,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5940111",
"chunk_text": "\"Railroad police\"\nfreight vulnerable to banditry. Through his detective business, Allan Pinkerton met George B. McClellan, the president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad and Illinois Central Railroad, as well as its attorney, Abraham Lincoln. With Lincoln's encouragement, Pinkerton began supplying detectives for the railroad. Railroad contracts were subsequently a mainstay of Pinkerton's until railroad companies gradually developed their own police departments in the years following the Civil War. After the founding of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers in 1863, Pinkerton's and the new railroad police agencies became instrumental in crushing strikes of rail workers. Another major concern was pilferage by employees,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3975608",
"chunk_text": "Hoodlebug\nprovided similar service on the Rio Grande Southern were called \"\"Galloping Geese\"\". Most of these were converted street vehicles while most hoodlebugs were similar in appearance and construction to Interurbans. Hoodlebug Hoodlebug was a nickname used for small rail motor cars that provided commuter in parts of the United States. The name usually applies to such service in rural areas between towns or from towns to factories or mines before the advent of bus service. Hoodlebugs were also used for school students before the widespread use of school buses. It appears this is a local vernacular term limited to mid-Atlantic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19636421",
"chunk_text": "\"Society for the Prevention of Calling Sleeping Car Porters \"\"George\"\"\"\nStates were commonly referred to by the name \"\"George\"\" regardless of their actual name. The appellation may have stemmed from the name of George Pullman of the Pullman Company, which at one time manufactured and operated a large proportion of all the sleeping cars in North America. Porters were almost exclusively black, and the practice presumably derived from the old custom of naming slaves after their masters, in this case porters being regarded as servants of George Pullman. Although the SPCSCPG was more interested in defending the dignity of its white members than in achieving any measure of racial justice,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4568121",
"chunk_text": "\"Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters\"\nand other organizations. It also paid many porters well enough to enjoy the advantages of a middle-income lifestyle and prominence within their own communities. Working for the Pullman Company was, however, less glamorous in practice than it appeared. Porters depended on tips for much of their income and thus on the generosity of white passengers who often referred to all porters as \"\"George\"\", the first name of George Pullman, the company's founder (see also Society for the Prevention of Calling Sleeping Car Porters \"\"George\"\"). Porters spent roughly ten percent of their time in unpaid \"\"preparatory\"\" and \"\"terminal\"\" set-up and clean-up",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15200368",
"chunk_text": "\"Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway\"\ncompany's administrative structure and its practices in various situations and conditions. Later notes in the same journals show that Rand assigned to various characters in her book administrative titles in the book's fictional railway company, modeled on those in the Santa Fe Railway, and adjusted the actions which they are depicted as taking in various situations on the basis of what Lyles told her would be plausible acts for railway executives in similar situations. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway , often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3422566",
"chunk_text": "\"John Joseph Bernet\"\nJohn Joseph Bernet John Joseph Bernet (February 9, 1868 – July 5, 1935) was president of the Nickel Plate Road, Erie Railroad, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and Pere Marquette Railroad in the United States. He was known for bringing railroad companies back from bankruptcy to solvency, earning him the nickname \"\"Doctor of Sick Railroads\"\". Bernet was born in Brant, New York, on February 9, 1868, to Bernard and Emma Greene Bernet. John's father, Bernard, had emigrated from Switzerland and had taken up the blacksmithing trade. After a public school education, John entered an apprenticeship at his father's blacksmith shop, but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19970368",
"chunk_text": "\"Outlaw (railroading jargon)\"\nOutlaw (railroading jargon) The term outlaw, or outlawed refers to a crew (or train) which can no longer move because the crew has reached the maximum number of hours they are allowed to work, thereby outlawing their controlling the further movement of any train. All they may do is be relieved or deadhead to a \"\"home terminal\"\" (such as the place where they came on duty near their point of residence) or an \"\"away from home terminal\"\" (such as an approved hotel) to begin a period of rest. In the United States railroad employees who are involved in the movement",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3975607",
"chunk_text": "Hoodlebug\nHoodlebug Hoodlebug was a nickname used for small rail motor cars that provided commuter in parts of the United States. The name usually applies to such service in rural areas between towns or from towns to factories or mines before the advent of bus service. Hoodlebugs were also used for school students before the widespread use of school buses. It appears this is a local vernacular term limited to mid-Atlantic and Midwestern states. Its etymology is uncertain, but it may be a variation of doodlebug, a railroad term for certain types of small, self-propelled cars. A group of vehicles that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3684151",
"chunk_text": "\"New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad\"\nrichest man in America at that time. By 1881 Jay Gould controlled about 15% of all U.S. railroad mileage, most of it west of the Mississippi River and he was considered the most ruthless financial operator in America. Gould's major railroad east of the Mississippi River was the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway (Wabash). The Wabash mainline ran from St. Louis, Missouri to Toledo, Ohio where it was forced to deliver its railroad traffic to William H. Vanderbilt's Lake Shore Railroad for delivery to the eastern United States. Jay Gould and William Vanderbilt together oversaw all east-west rail traffic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2132723",
"chunk_text": "\"Sid Meier's Railroads!\"\nall), the game allows the user to take on the role of various famous railway tycoons and robber barons from the past, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt and J.P. Morgan. With the introduction of patch 1.1 a map editor could be enabled by editing one of the game's .ini files, allowing for the creation of custom maps by users. Metacritic reports an average score of 77 out of 100 or \"\"Generally Favorable\"\" in published reviews. IGN gave the game an \"\"8.0\"\" or \"\"impressive.\"\" Sid Meier's Railroads! Sid Meier's Railroads is a business simulation game developed by Sid Meier on the Gamebryo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15200356",
"chunk_text": "\"Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway\"\n\"\"Warbonnet\"\" is considered by many to be the most recognized corporate logo in the railroad industry. Early after Amtrak's inception in 1971, Santa Fe embarked on a program to paint over the red bonnet on its F units that were still engaged in hauling passenger consists with yellow (also called \"\"Yellowbonnets\"\") or dark blue (nicknamed \"\"Bluebonnets\"\"), as it no longer wanted to project the image of a passenger carrier. Diesels used as switchers between 1935 and 1960 were painted black, with just a thin white or silver horizontal accent stripe (the sills were painted similarly). The letters \"\"A.T.& S.F.\"\" were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16019216",
"chunk_text": "\"Union Pacific Railroad\"\noriginal UP was entangled in the Crédit Mobilier scandal, exposed in 1872. As detailed by \"\"The Sun\"\", Union Pacific's largest construction company, Crédit Mobilier, had overcharged Union Pacific; these costs had then been passed on to the United States government. In order to convince the federal government to accept the increased costs, Crédit Mobilier had bribed congressmen. Although the UP corporation itself was not guilty of any misdeeds, prominent UP board members (including Durant) had been involved in the scheme. The ensuing financial crisis of 1873 led to a credit crunch, but not bankruptcy. As boom followed bust, the Union",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3831840",
"chunk_text": "\"Hell on Wheels\"\nHell on Wheels The phrase \"\"Hell on Wheels\"\" was originally used to describe the itinerant collection of flimsily assembled gambling houses, dance halls, saloons, and brothels that followed the army of Union Pacific railroad workers westward as they constructed the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1860s North America. The huge numbers of wage-earning young men working in what was a remote wilderness, far from the constraints of home, proved to be a lucrative opportunity for those with expertise at separating such men from their money. As the end of the line continually moved westward, Hell on Wheels followed along, reconstructing itself",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "818293",
"chunk_text": "\"Crony capitalism\"\nwell-intentioned (to curb actual abuses), and even if the initial lobbying by corporations was well-intentioned (to reduce illogical regulations), the mixture of business and government stifle competition, a collusive result called regulatory capture. Burton W. Folsom, Jr. distinguishes those that engage in crony capitalism—designated by him \"\"political entrepreneurs\"\"—from those who compete in the marketplace without special aid from government, whom he calls \"\"market entrepreneurs\"\". The market entrepreneurs, such as Hill, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller, succeeded by producing a quality product at a competitive price. The political entrepreneurs, for example, Edward Collins in steamships and the leaders of the Union Pacific Railroad",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13025008",
"chunk_text": "\"Business magnate\"\nTaj Mahal. Modern business magnates are entrepreneurs that amass on their own or wield substantial family fortunes in the process of building or running their own businesses. Some are widely known in connection with these entrepreneurial activities, others through high-visibility secondary pursuits such as philanthropy, political fundraising and campaign financing, and sports team ownership or sponsorship. The terms \"\"mogul\"\", \"\"tycoon\"\" and \"\"baron\"\" were often applied to late 19th and early 20th century North American business magnates in extractive industries such as mining, logging and petroleum, transportation fields such as shipping and railroads, manufacturing such as automaking and steelmaking, in banking,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12331343",
"chunk_text": "\"Private railroad car\"\nin Atlanta, Georgia. Private railroad car A private railroad car, private railway coach, private car or private varnish is a railroad passenger car which was either originally built or later converted for service as a business car for private individuals. A private car could be added to the make-up of a train or pulled by a private locomotive, providing splendid upholstered privacy for its passengers. They were used by railroad officials and dignitaries as business cars, and wealthy individuals for travel and entertainment, especially in the United States. They were sometimes used by politicians in \"\"whistle stop campaigns\"\". Pay cars",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16835744",
"chunk_text": "\"Crédit Mobilier of America scandal\"\nCrédit Mobilier of America scandal The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, involved the Union Pacific Rail Road and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. The scandal was in two parts. The construction company charged the railroad far higher rates than usual, and cash and $9 million in discounted stock were given as bribes to 15 powerful Washington politicians, including the Vice-President, the Secretary of the Treasury, four senators, and the Speaker and other members of the House. The scandal's origins",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9148212",
"chunk_text": "\"Missouri Pacific Railroad\"\nMissouri Pacific Railroad The Missouri Pacific Railroad , commonly abbreviated as MoPac and nicknamed The Mop, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers, including the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway (SLIMS), Texas and Pacific Railway (TP), Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad (C&EI), St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway (SLBM), Kansas, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway (KO&G), Midland Valley Railroad (MV), San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf Railroad (SAU&G), Gulf Coast Lines (GC), International-Great Northern Railroad (IGN), New Orleans, Texas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1230633",
"chunk_text": "\"Jay Gould\"\nJay Gould Jason \"\"Jay\"\" Gould (; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was a leading American railroad developer and speculator. He has been portrayed as one of the ruthless robber barons of the Gilded Age, whose success at business made him one of the richest men of his era. He was hated and reviled, with few defenders then and now. Jason Gould was born in Roxbury, New York, to Mary More (1798–1841) and John Burr Gould (1792–1866). His maternal grandfather, Alexander T. More, was a businessman, and his great-grandfather John More was a Scottish immigrant who founded the town",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1152150",
"chunk_text": "Conrail\nConrail Conrail (formally the Consolidated Rail Corporation, with reporting mark CR) was the primary Class I railroad in the Northeastern United States between 1976 and 1999. The trade name Conrail is a portmanteau based on the company's legal name, and while it no longer operates trains it continues to do business as an asset management and network services provider in three Shared Assets Areas that were excluded from the division of its operations during its acquisition by CSX Corporation and the Norfolk Southern Railway. The Federal Government created Conrail to take over the potentially-profitable lines of multiple bankrupt carriers, including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2390622",
"chunk_text": "\"Railroad Bill\"\nit moved to Baldwin County, Alabama, and Bluff Springs, Florida. In the turpentine camps he was known as Morris Slater—a profoundly athletic, \"\"top notch\"\" laborer and affable individual. Slater became an antagonist of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad after a brakeman found him stealing a ride to Mobile, Alabama and threw him off the moving train. In turn, the turpentine worker fired his rifle at the brakeman. That altercation led Slater into a personal vendetta against the company, in which he would wound several trainmen, commandeer a train and force it out of the station, and threaten the life of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18844843",
"chunk_text": "\"James Fisk (financier)\"\nJames Fisk (financier) James Fisk, Jr. (April 1, 1835 – January 7, 1872) – known variously as \"\"Big Jim\"\", \"\"Diamond Jim\"\", and \"\"Jubilee Jim\"\" – was an American stockbroker and corporate executive who has been referred to as one of the \"\"robber barons\"\" of the Gilded Age. Though Fisk was admired by the working class of New York and the Erie Railroad, he achieved much ill-fame for his role in Black Friday in 1869, where he and his partner Jay Gould befriended the unsuspecting President Ulysses S. Grant in an attempt to use the President's good name in a scheme",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1930423",
"chunk_text": "\"Order of Sleeping Car Conductors\"\nin 1919 the name was changed to the Order of Sleeping Car Conductors. The union was headed by a president, with offices in Kansas City, Missouri. Members had to be white males, sober and industrious, sound in body and mind, and employed as a sleeping car or parlor car conductor for at least ten days before joining. After the war the Pullman Company tried to establish an Employee Representation Plan (ERP) in the sleeping car service as an alternative to a union, although employees were rightly suspicious about the level of job protection an ERP would provide. Pullman could not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9376354",
"chunk_text": "Freighthopping\nFreighthopping Freighthopping or train hopping is the act of surreptitiously boarding and riding a railroad freight car. In the United States, this became a common means of transportation following the American Civil War as the railroads began pushing westward, especially among migrant workers who became known as \"\"hobos\"\". It continued to be widely used by those unable to afford other transportation, especially during times of widespread economic dislocation such as the Great Depression. For a variety of reasons the practice is less common today, although a community of freight-train riders still exists. Typically, riders will go to a rail yard",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7872750",
"chunk_text": "\"Robber baron (feudalism)\"\nusing unscrupulous methods to get rich, or expand their wealth. For example Cornelius Vanderbilt taking money from government-subsidized shippers, in order to not compete on their routes. Political cronies had been granted special shipping routes by the state, but told legislators their costs were so high that they needed to charge high prices and still receive extra money from the taxpayers as funding. Vanderbilt's private shipping company began running the same routes, charging a fraction of the price, making a large profit without taxpayer subsidy. The state-subsidized shippers then began paying Vanderbilt money not to ship on their route. A",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3724943",
"chunk_text": "\"Goon squad\"\nwell as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. In some cases, corporations have been formed specifically to provide the services of goon squads. The Corporations Auxiliary Company was a corporation created to conduct \"\"the administration of industrial espionage\"\", providing goon squads and labor spies in exchange for payment. In 1921 the Corporations Auxiliary Company was known to masquerade under a dozen different names, and specialized at electing its agents to union office in order to control or destroy unions. The term \"\"goon\"\" was reputedly coined by F. L. Allen in 1921, perhaps a variant of the US slang \"\"gooney\"\" which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14142204",
"chunk_text": "\"Pullman porter\"\nPullman porter Pullman porters were men hired to work on the railroads as porters on sleeping cars. Starting shortly after the American Civil War, George Pullman sought out former slaves to work on his sleeper cars. Pullman porters served American railroads from the late 1860s until the Pullman Company ceased operations on December 31, 1968, though some sleeping-car porters continued working on cars operated by the railroads themselves and, beginning in 1971, Amtrak. The term \"\"porter\"\" has been superseded in modern American usage by \"\"sleeping car attendant,\"\" with the former term being considered \"\"somewhat derogatory.\"\" Until the 1960s, Pullman porters",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18422742",
"chunk_text": "\"Pan Am Railways\"\nthan doubled. In 1998, Guilford bought the name, colors and logo of Pan American World Airways. In March 2006, Guilford Transportation Industries changed its name to Pan Am Systems, and Guilford Rail System was rebranded as Pan Am Railways (PAR). Then in March 2009, PAR was ordered to pay the largest corporate criminal fine in Massachusetts history — $500,000 — due to the company's negligence to report a spill of hundreds of gallons of diesel fuel in violation of state and federal environmental laws and regulations. As of 2011, PAR employs 750 people and has a $40 million payroll. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6559583",
"chunk_text": "\"Crédit Mobilier of America scandal\"\nbeen paid, while also paying his wife the amount she would have received as dividends if she had kept the stock. This scheme was dramatized in the AMC television series \"\"Hell on Wheels,\"\" beginning with the November 6, 2011 pilot episode. Crédit Mobilier of America scandal The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, involved the Union Pacific Rail Road and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad. The scandal was in two parts. The construction company charged the railroad far higher rates",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5763003",
"chunk_text": "\"Henry Huttleston Rogers\"\ncompany) and the South Improvement Company. In developing what would become Standard Oil, Rockefeller, a manager of extraordinary abilities, and Flagler, an exceptional marketer, recognized that the costs and control of the shipment of crude oil would be key elements in competition with other refiners. With its combination of clever market manipulation, and hard-nosed dealings with the powerful Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), the South Improvement scheme was an example of the type of business tactics which Rockefeller and his associates used to become successful. Although Rockefeller became the target of many who decried Standard Oil's ruthlessness in subsequent years, the South",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2039357",
"chunk_text": "\"William Wallace Atterbury\"\nthat were assigned to the U.S. Army for maintenance and operation. The troops in France gave him the nickname of \"\"General Attaboy\"\" and he was also known as \"\"The Railroad General.\"\" Atterbury was discharged from military service on May 31, 1919, and returned to civilian life in Pennsylvania. In 1920 Atterbury resumed his career with the Pennsylvania Railroad as vice president in charge of operations. On October 1, 1925, he succeeded Samuel Rea to become the tenth president of the railroad company, a position he held until 1935. During Atterbury's tenure as company president, the Pennsylvania Railroad undertook a $250",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20449402",
"chunk_text": "\"Union Pacific Police Department\"\nUnion Pacific Police Department The Union Pacific Police Department is the law enforcement agency of the Union Pacific Railroad. Its headquarters is in Omaha, Nebraska and its current Chief of Police is Robert Morrison. The railroad police force dates to the 1850s, when the number of U.S. Marshals was insufficient to police America's growing rail network. U.S. Marshals were replaced with a private police company, the North-Western Police Agency, later known as the Pinkerton Agency. Officers were called Pinkertons, named after their originator, Allan Pinkerton, who founded the private police company in 1855 with Chicago attorney Edward Rucker. Today, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5401601",
"chunk_text": "\"Missouri Pacific Railroad\"\nthe large and small carbodies. The scheme was discontinued on January 1, 1986 after the consolidation of the Missouri Pacific & Union Pacific operating departments. To this day, the paint scheme remains controversial among management, employees and rail fans. On July 30, 2005, UP unveiled a brand new EMD SD70ACe locomotive, Union Pacific 1982, with Missouri Pacific paint and logos, as part of a new heritage program. Missouri Pacific Railroad The Missouri Pacific Railroad , commonly abbreviated as MoPac and nicknamed The Mop, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2680315",
"chunk_text": "\"Albert J. Dunlap\"\nAlbert J. Dunlap Albert John Dunlap (born July 26, 1937) is an American corporate executive. He is best known as a turnaround specialist and professional downsizer, although it was later discovered that his reputed turnarounds were elaborate frauds. The ruthless methods he employed to streamline failing companies, most notably Scott Paper, won him the nicknames \"\"Chainsaw Al\"\" and \"\"Rambo in Pinstripes\"\". However, his career was effectively ended after he engineered a massive accounting scandal at Sunbeam Products, now Sunbeam-Oster, that ultimately cost that company its independence. He is barred from serving as an officer of a publicly traded corporation in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2749244",
"chunk_text": "\"H. H. Richardson Historic District of North Easton\"\nthe \"\"East End\"\" of the Taunton North Purchase and was shortened by pronunciation to Easton. In 1803, the Ames Shovel Company was established and became nationally known as having provided the shovels which laid the Union Pacific Railroad and opened the west. In 1875, the shovel production of the Ames plant was worth 1.5 million. The most notable of the Ames family were Oakes Ames, a key figure in the Crédit Mobilier of America scandal, and Oliver Ames, governor of Massachusetts from 1887–1890. The Ames family shaped the town's economy, and was responsible for the presence of a number of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14787922",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland railroad history\"\nwith the Lackawanna Railroad (Delaware, Lackawanna and Western) - later part of the Erie-Lackawanna, and thus NKP traffic could continue on to Hoboken, New Jersey. The New York and Erie Railroad, or \"\"ERIE\"\", was originally chartered to run through and connect only with railroads in New York State, which limited its ambitions, and it originally reached Buffalo, New York. Later it came under the control of the Gould Syndicate and for a time was known as \"\"The Scarlet Woman of Wall Street.\"\" It even was mentioned as a joking reference in Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches book, \"\"Ragged Dick\"\". The Cleveland connection",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_853
|
who is young george bailey in it's a wonderful life?
|
n/a
|
[
"Robert James Anderson"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14545384",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Anderson (actor)\"\nBobby Anderson (actor) Robert James Anderson (March 6, 1933 – June 6, 2008) was an American actor and television producer, most famous for his role as the young George Bailey in \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". Bobby Anderson was born in Hollywood, to a showbiz family. He was the son of Eugene Randolph Anderson, an assistant director and production manager, and Marie Augusta Fleischer, and his brothers and cousins were editors and production managers in their own right. He was also the nephew, by marriage, of directors William Beaudine and James Flood, both of whom were married to Anderson's mother's sisters.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20764145",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nof the 50 greatest screen heroes. Bailey is played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child, and is loosely based on George Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Stern's \"\"The Greatest Gift\"\". In the winter of 1919, George (aged 12, portrayed by Bobby Anderson) and his friends Bert, Ernie Bishop, Marty Hatch, Sam Wainwright, and his brother Harry are sledding on a frozen river. Harry breaks through the ice and George jumps into the freezing water to save him. George develops an infection which deafens him in his left ear. In May 1920, George",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7326671",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Anderson (actor)\"\nHe also worked as a line producer and production consultant for films such as \"\"Passenger 57\"\", \"\"Demolition Man\"\" and \"\"Heat\"\". He died of cancer at age 75 at his home in Palm Springs, California. He was survived by his wife, 3 sons, 3 daughters and 11 grandchildren. Bobby Anderson (actor) Robert James Anderson (March 6, 1933 – June 6, 2008) was an American actor and television producer, most famous for his role as the young George Bailey in \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". Bobby Anderson was born in Hollywood, to a showbiz family. He was the son of Eugene Randolph Anderson,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20764147",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nGower suddenly understands, and is tearfully grateful; George promises he will keep the incident a secret: \"\"I won't ever tell a soul. Hope to die, I won't.\"\" In June 1928, George (played by James Stewart) is preparing for an overseas trip. He drops by his brother Harry's graduation party at the high school, where he is re-introduced to his friend Marty's eighteen-year-old sister, Mary Hatch. While walking Mary home a car pulls up and George is informed that his father has had a stroke. Three months later, George is in a meeting with the board of directors of the Building",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8827449",
"chunk_text": "\"Todd Karns\"\nof cancer in Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico on February 5, 2000, age 79. His wife and children had his private family interment in Ajijic's cemetery. Todd Karns Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 – February 5, 2000) was an American actor. He is perhaps best remembered for playing George Bailey's younger brother, Harry Bailey, in the 1946 film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". Karns was the son of the well-known character actor Roscoe Karns and his wife Mary Fraso. He initially planned to have a career as a newspaper reporter, but participation in a little theater production changed his mind, turning him",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2266876",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nGeorge Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life) George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". The character is a building and loan banker who sacrifices his dreams in order to help his community, to the point where he feels life has passed him by. Eventually, due to a cruel business rival's manipulations, Bailey falls into despair so deep that he contemplates suicide, until his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody, gives him a valuable perspective on the worth of his life. The character was listed ninth on the American Film Institute's 2003 list",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13452270",
"chunk_text": "\"Todd Karns\"\nTodd Karns Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 – February 5, 2000) was an American actor. He is perhaps best remembered for playing George Bailey's younger brother, Harry Bailey, in the 1946 film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". Karns was the son of the well-known character actor Roscoe Karns and his wife Mary Fraso. He initially planned to have a career as a newspaper reporter, but participation in a little theater production changed his mind, turning him toward acting. Karns started his film career in 1941 as Harry Land in two Andy Hardy movies with Mickey Rooney, but shortly after that,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2266887",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nmove out of 'Potter's Field' to the new 'Bailey Park', a residential development created by George that proves successful enough to seriously threaten Mr. Potter's rental interests. Potter offers George a job. Although this would bring a significant increase in salary George declines. George returns home to learn that Mary is pregnant. Their first child is a son, whom they name Pete after George's late father. Their second child is a daughter, Janie. During the war years, George and Mary had another two children, a girl, Zuzu, born in 1940, and a son, Tommy, born in 1941. Due to George's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20063643",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\ntop ten movie dads. George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life) George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". The character is a building and loan banker who sacrifices his dreams in order to help his community, to the point where he feels life has passed him by. Eventually, due to a cruel business rival's manipulations, Bailey falls into despair so deep that he contemplates suicide, until his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody, gives him a valuable perspective on the worth of his life. The character was listed ninth on the American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8041902",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nIt's a Wonderful Life It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy comedy-drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet \"\"The Greatest Gift\"\", which Philip Van Doren Stern wrote in 1939 and published privately in 1945. The film stars James Stewart as George Bailey, a man who has given up his dreams in order to help others, and whose imminent suicide on Christmas Eve brings about the intervention of his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody (Henry Travers). Clarence shows George all the lives he has touched, and how different life in his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8041964",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nyou two guys? You were here on my wedding night!\"\" Streaming audio It's a Wonderful Life It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy comedy-drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet \"\"The Greatest Gift\"\", which Philip Van Doren Stern wrote in 1939 and published privately in 1945. The film stars James Stewart as George Bailey, a man who has given up his dreams in order to help others, and whose imminent suicide on Christmas Eve brings about the intervention of his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody (Henry Travers). Clarence shows George",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4351820",
"chunk_text": "\"Mary Hatch\"\ncareer. In the \"\"wishing\"\" scene outside the old Granville house, Capra was surprised to see Reed accurately throw a stone to break a window, a skill she acquired playing baseball with her brothers on their Iowa farm. Mary Hatch Mary Hatch Bailey is a fictional character in Frank Capra's 1946 film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". She is the high school sweetheart and later wife of protagonist George Bailey (played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child). Mary is played by Donna Reed as an adult and Jean Gale as a child. She is loosely based",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18577147",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nfirst and pretends to be drowning. After George rescues him, the man reveals himself to be George's guardian angel, Clarence Odbody. George does not believe him, and he bitterly wishes he had never been born. Inspired by this comment, Clarence shows George what the town would have been like without him, with the snow outside stopping as the change is made. In this alternative scenario Bedford Falls is instead named Pottersville, and is home to sleazy nightclubs, pawn shops, and amoral people. Bailey Park was never built, and remains an old cemetery. Mr. Gower was sent to prison for poisoning",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7246466",
"chunk_text": "\"Charles Williams (actor)\"\nwith the short stature and high-pitched voice was often uncredited for his appearances, although he had lager roles in a number of B movies. Williams was known as a \"\"B-movie regular\"\", who often portrayed quirky, somewhat nerdy, bespectacled clerks, photographers and especially reporters. He is perhaps-best remembered today for appearing in \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" as Eustace, George Bailey's cousin and co-worker at the \"\"Building and Loan\"\". Near the end of his life and career, Williams also played in a number of television series. Charles Williams (actor) Charles Williams (September 27, 1898 – January 3, 1958) was an American actor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18157071",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nDelano Roosevelt. While all of this happened, George served as an Air Raid Warden. Despite having to look after four children, Mary still had time to run the United Service Organizations in the town, and Mr. Potter became head of the draft board. On Christmas Eve morning, Uncle Billy is on his way to the bank to deposit $8,000 of the Building & Loan's cash funds. Holding a newspaper which has Harry on the front page he greets Potter saying, \"\"Well, good morning, Mr. Potter. What's the news?\"\" Billy grabs Mr. Potter's newspaper and says, \"\"Well, well, well, Harry Bailey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3829382",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\n& Loan to appoint a new successor to the late Peter Bailey. Potter argues that the Building & Loan should be dissolved. The directors tell George that the Building & Loan will only stay open if he agrees to remain and carry on his father's work. George foregoes a trip to Europe and his plans for college, giving the funds saved toward tuition to his younger brother. In 1932, George and Uncle Billy are waiting at the Bedford Falls railroad station for Harry to come home from college, when Harry arrives with his new wife, Ruth. Her father has offered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4415037",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nsignifying Clarence's promotion. Credited cast Uncredited cast The contention that James Stewart is often referred to as Capra's only choice to play George Bailey is disputed by film historian Stephen Cox, who indicates that \"\"Henry Fonda was in the running\"\". Cary Grant was also considered for the role when RKO still had the rights to the film, before they were sold to Capra. Although it was stated that Jean Arthur, Ann Dvorak, and Ginger Rogers were all considered for the role of Mary before Donna Reed won the part, this list is also disputed by Cox as he indicates that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8041906",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nflashbacks of George's life. The first is from 1919, when 12-year-old George saves his younger brother Harry from drowning at a frozen lake; George loses his hearing in one ear as a result. At his after-school job, George realizes that the druggist, Mr. Gower, distraught over his son's death from the flu, has accidentally added poison to a child's prescription, and intervenes to stop it from causing harm. In 1928, George plans to leave on a world tour and then attend college. At Harry's high-school graduation party, he is reintroduced to Mary Hatch, who has had a crush on him",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17862326",
"chunk_text": "\"Mary Hatch\"\nMary Hatch Mary Hatch Bailey is a fictional character in Frank Capra's 1946 film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". She is the high school sweetheart and later wife of protagonist George Bailey (played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child). Mary is played by Donna Reed as an adult and Jean Gale as a child. She is loosely based on Mary Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Stern's \"\"The Greatest Gift\"\". Mary Hatch is one of the most famous female characters in movie history. Mary Hatch is the younger sister of Marty Hatch, a friend",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1984007",
"chunk_text": "\"Grant Goodeve\"\nin \"\"Team Fortress 2\"\", and various voices for \"\"F.E.A.R.\"\". He also lent his singing voice to Bob Rivers' \"\"Twisted Christmas\"\" series of holiday CDs. He is active in his Presbyterian church in Seattle, engaging part-time in an itinerant music ministry in the region. In 2006, Goodeve appeared as George Bailey in Seattle's Taproot Theatre Company's production of \"\"It's A Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play\"\". He returned to the Taproot stage in 2008's production of \"\"The Christmas Foundling\"\" as Old Jake. Goodeve also appears in the Amtrak Cascades safety video. Grant Goodeve Grant Goodeve (born July 6, 1952) is an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2266885",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nHarry a job, which means he would not be taking George's place at the Building & Loan. Although Harry vows to turn the offer down for George's sake, George cannot bear to allow his brother to throw away such an opportunity, so he remains in Bedford Falls. While the family is celebrating Harry's return, Ma Bailey mentions to George that Mary Hatch is back from college and he should pay her a visit. He eventually goes to Mary's home to visit her, only to find that she is being courted by his friend, the now wealthy but absent, Sam Wainwright.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3829376",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nreturns to his job at Mr. Gower's drug store, where he finds a telegram informing Gower that his son has died in the Spanish flu pandemic. A shaken Gower directs George to deliver medicine to a customer, but George realizes that in his distress Gower has inadvertently put poison into the capsules. He seeks advice from his father, who is president of the Bailey Brothers Building & Loan, but his father is meeting with miserly banker Henry F. Potter. When he returns to the store, Gower angrily upbraids him for not delivering the capsules until George blurts out the mistake.",
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nPotter for a loan. Potter sarcastically turns George down, and then swears out a warrant for his arrest for bank fraud. George, now completely depressed, gets drunk at the bar owned by his friend, Martini, where he silently prays for help. He also gets a full punch to the face from Zuzu's teacher's husband, who is drinking there. Again George runs out, and drives his car into a tree. He comes to a bridge intending to commit suicide, feeling he is \"\"worth more dead than alive\"\" because of a life insurance policy. Before he can leap, another man jumps in",
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nthey couldn't move out of Potter's slums.) Ma Bailey is a bitter widow, and Mary a shy, single spinster librarian. George runs back to the bridge and begs to be allowed to live again. His prayer is answered, shown as the snow restarts, and he runs home joyously, where the authorities are waiting to arrest him. Mary, Uncle Billy, and a flood of townspeople arrive with more than enough donations to save George and the Building & Loan. George's friend Sam Wainwright sends him a $25,000 line of credit by telegram. Harry also arrives to support his brother, and toasts",
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"chunk_id": "4415043",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nturned the story and what was worth using from the three scripts into a screenplay that Capra would rename \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". The script underwent many revisions throughout pre-production and during filming. Final screenplay credit went to Goodrich, Hackett, and Capra, with \"\"additional scenes\"\" by Jo Swerling. Capra produced the film with his independent motion picture production company Liberty Films. Dalton Trumbo had written a draft that was different from the final film. In Trumbo's draft, George Bailey is an idealistic politician that slowly grows more cynical as the story progresses, then tries to commit suicide after losing an",
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"chunk_id": "8041907",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nfrom childhood. Their walk home is interrupted by news that George's father, Peter, has died of a stroke. George postpones his travel so he can sort out the family business, Bailey Brothers' Building and Loan. Henry F. Potter, the richest man in town, wishes to dissolve the Building and Loan to eliminate it as a competitor. The board of directors votes to keep the Building and Loan open, on condition that George stay to run it (along with his absent-minded uncle Billy). George gives his college tuition to Harry on the condition that Harry take over the Building and Loan",
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"chunk_text": "\"Philip Van Doren Stern\"\n$10,000. Capra adapted the story into \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" in 1946. In December 1946, James Stewart, who played George Bailey in the film wrote to Van Doren Stern, calling the story \"\"an inspiration to everyone concerned with the picture... the fundamental story was so sound and right.\"\" Philip Van Doren Stern Philip Van Doren Stern (September 10, 1900 – July 31, 1984) was an American author, editor, and Civil War historian whose story \"\"The Greatest Gift\"\", published in 1943, inspired the classic Christmas film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" (1946). Philip Van Doren Stern was born in Wyalusing, Pennsylvania into",
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"chunk_id": "6145442",
"chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Hawkins\"\na Private Affair\"\" at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. His mother was the force behind his early childhood acting. He graduated from the Roman Catholic-affiliated Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles. Hawkins starred in December 1946 as four-year-old Tommy Bailey, the son of George and Mary Bailey, in the nostalgic blockbuster \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\", starring James Stewart and Donna Reed, an actress for whom young Hawkins developed a lifelong admiration. In 1958, he worked again with Reed in her sitcom, having portrayed Scotty, a persistent and loyal boyfriend of Donna's television daughter Mary Stone, played by Shelley Fabares. He",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nthe child and is despised and homeless. Martini does not own the bar. George's friend Violet Bick is a taxi-dancer who gets arrested. Ernie is hopelessly poor, with his family having forsaken him. Uncle Billy has been in an insane asylum for many years since he lost his brother and the family business. Harry is dead as a result of George not being there to save him from drowning, and the servicemen he would have saved also died. (A deleted scene exists in which George finds Martini's grave near Harry's, as Martini and his family died in a fire because",
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},
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"chunk_id": "4415073",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nice. \"\"It's a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play\"\", a stage adaptation presented as a 1940s radio show, was adapted by Joe Landry and has been produced around the United States since 1997. The script is published by Playscripts, Inc. In 1997, PBS aired \"\"Merry Christmas, George Bailey\"\", taped from a live performance of the 1947 \"\"Lux Radio Theatre\"\" script at the Pasadena Playhouse. The presentation, which benefited the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, featured an all-star cast, including Bill Pullman as George, Nathan Lane as Clarence, Martin Landau as Mr. Potter, Penelope Ann Miller as Mary, and Sally Field",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nGeorge as \"\"The richest man in town\"\". In the pile of donated funds, George finds a copy of \"\"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\"\" inscribed, \"\"Dear George: Remember no man is a failure who has friends. P.S. Thanks for the wings! Love, Clarence.\"\" A bell on the Christmas tree rings, and his daughter Zuzu says, \"\"Teacher says every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings!\"\" George agrees and looks up to heaven and says, \"\"Attaboy, Clarence.\"\" George realizes that he truly has a wonderful life. Citing generosity as Bailey's most admirable trait, \"\"Time\"\" magazine lists George Bailey among their",
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"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nwhen he returns. Four years later, Harry returns from college with a job offer from his father-in-law. George tells Harry to take the job, and he will keep running the Building and Loan. George and Mary get married. On their way to their honeymoon, they witness a run on the bank and use their honeymoon savings to keep the Building and Loan solvent until the bank re-opens. Eventually, George establishes Bailey Park, a housing development with small houses financed by the Building and Loan, so that people can own their own homes, rather than paying rent to live in Potter's",
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\ndeaf ear, he was given a 4-F draft classification and had to stay in Bedford Falls. His friend Bert the Cop went to Africa to fight, was wounded, and received the Silver Star. Ernie was a member of the airborne, and parachuted into France on D-Day. Marty helped capture the Bridge at Remagen, Sam made a lot of money making plastic hoods for planes, and Harry fought as a naval flyer and shot down fifteen planes, two of which were attacking a troop transport. For his bravery Harry Bailey was awarded the Medal of Honor by the U.S. president, Franklin",
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"chunk_id": "2266890",
"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nwins Congressional Medal. That couldn't be one of the Bailey boys? You just can't keep those Baileys down, now, can you, Mr. Potter?\"\" Potter angrily snatches the paper, but Billy inattentively allows the money to be snatched with it. After returning to his office, Potter opens the paper, notices the money and keeps it, knowing that displacement of bank money would result in bankruptcy for the Building & Loan and criminal charges for George. Billy goes back to the Building & Loan and tells George the news. George is extremely worried, especially with the bank examiner just outside the room.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mark Roberts (actor)\"\nFollowing discharge, he acted under the name of Mark Roberts. Roberts appeared (uncredited) in \"\"It’s a Wonderful Life\"\", the 1946 classic Frank Capra film. He and Carl (Alfalfa) Switzer played Mickey and Freddie Othello, respectively, the two guys who unlock the gym floor at the high school dance, exposing the pool below, into which George Bailey (James Stewart) and Mary Hatch (Donna Reed) tumble. Roberts played the role of Dunbar in the Broadway production of \"\"Stalag 17\"\" (1951). Concurrently, he was a member of the cast of \"\"Miss Susan\"\", a television serial. The dual responsibilities meant that Roberts usually left",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nissued in home media. In 1990, another made-for-television film called \"\"Clarence\"\" starred Robert Carradine in a new tale of the helpful angel. A purported sequel was in development for a 2015 release, and was to be called \"\"It's a Wonderful Life: The Rest of the Story\"\". It was to be written by Bob Farnsworth and Martha Bolton and follow the angel of George Bailey's daughter Zuzu (played once again by Karolyn Grimes), as she teaches Bailey's evil grandson how different the world would have been if he had never been born. Producers were considering directors and hoped to shoot the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Bedford Falls (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nJefferson Avenue which goes to the high school and Potter's Field, and the other is Washington Avenue. At the south side of the town a road heads east to residential streets New England and Sycamore Street. Another road goes southwest to the railway station. The Bailey Building and Loan is at the corner of Genesee Street and Jefferson Avenue. New England Street holds eight residential houses. One house belongs to Peter (Samuel S. Hinds) and Ma Bailey (Beulah Bondi) and is where George and Harry grew up as kids. Sycamore Avenue holds six properties; one of them was where Mary",
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nGeorge and Billy go through the town taking every step Billy took in the morning and it goes to a dead end. George later goes home, and Mary knows straight away something is wrong with him. To add to his anger, he finds out his youngest daughter Zuzu has come home with a cold, George blames it on her teacher. When she calls he berates her on the phone, and her husband, as well. He then gets frustrated with his family and ends up smashing up the models of buildings and bridges he had made. A desperate George appeals to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "17578841",
"chunk_text": "\"Carol Coombs\"\nCarol Coombs Carol Coombs (born October 15, 1935) is a former Canadian-born American actress. She appeared in 24 films between 1941 and 1958, although mostly in minor roles. She is probably best-known as Janie Bailey, the oldest daughter of James Stewart and Donna Reed, in the 1946 film classic \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". In the 1950s, she also had roles in a number of television productions. Coombs retired from film business in her early twenties and spent the rest of her working life teaching kindergarten and elementary school. As of December 2014, the great-grandmother and her husband of 57 years,",
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"chunk_id": "8041905",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\ngreatest movie list, number 20 on its revised 2007 greatest movie list, and placing number one on its list of the most inspirational American films of all time. Capra revealed that this was his personal favorite among the films he directed, and that he screened it for his family every Christmas season. On Christmas Eve 1945, in Bedford Falls, New York, George Bailey contemplates suicide. Prayers for him reach Heaven, where Clarence Odbody, Angel 2nd Class, is assigned to save George, in return for which he will earn his angel wings. To prepare him for his mission, Clarence is shown",
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"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nhas since been performed at venues all around the United States. The film was also adapted into a play in two acts by James W. Rodgers. It was first performed on December 15, 1993 at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School. The play opens with George Bailey contemplating suicide and then goes back through major moments in his life. Many of the scenes from the movie are only alluded to or mentioned in the play rather than actually dramatized. For example, in the opening scene Clarence just mentions George having saved his brother Harry after the latter had fallen through the",
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"chunk_text": "\"A Wonderful Life (musical)\"\nDC's Arena Stage, running from November 15, 1991, to January 5, 1992. On December 12, 2005, a staged concert version was directed by Carl Andress and choreographed by Denis Jones at the Shubert Theatre in New York City for the benefit of the Actors' Fund of America. Among the Broadway notables who participated were Brian Stokes Mitchell as George Bailey, David Hyde Pierce as guardian angel Clarence, Judy Kuhn as Mary Bailey, Dominic Chianese as Mr. Potter, Karen Ziemba as The MC, Philip Bosco as Joseph, Marian Seldes as Mrs. Hatch, Ronn Carroll as Tom Bailey, Marc Kudisch as Sam",
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"chunk_text": "\"George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)\"\nA few months later, George and Mary are married. Their plans for a honeymoon in New York City and Bermuda are interrupted by a run on the banks which also affects the Building & Loan. Potter's bank calls their loan, and panicked depositors want their money, threatening to take their business to the bank. As a stockholder, Potter threatens to shut the Building & Loan if they are forced to close early. Mary and George use the money saved for their honeymoon to keep the Building & Loan solvent. In 1934, thanks to the Building & Loan, the Martini family",
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"chunk_text": "\"George Sanders\"\nof his boredom and states \"\"I'm ready for the George Sanders long walk here.\"\" In the 2000 film \"\"Wonder Boys\"\", Sanders is one of the people Tobey Maguire's character mentions when he is naming high-profile suicides that have taken place in distant memory. !colspan=\"\"3\"\" style=\"\"background:#C1D8FF;\"\"| Husband of a Gabor Sister !colspan=\"\"3\"\" style=\"\"background:#C1D8FF;\"\"| Acting roles George Sanders George Henry Sanders (3 July 1906 – 25 April 1972) was a British film and television actor, singer-songwriter, music composer, and author. His career as an actor spanned over forty years. His upper-class English accent and bass voice often led him to be cast",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\nGrimes, who played Zuzu in the movie, cutting the ribbon. Philip Van Doren Stern said in a 1946 interview, \"\"Incidentally, the movie takes place in Westchester County. Actually, the town I had in mind was Califon, N.J.\"\" The historic iron bridge in Califon is similar to the bridge that George Bailey considered jumping from in the movie. Both James Stewart (from Indiana, Pennsylvania) and Donna Reed (from Denison, Iowa) came from small towns. Stewart's father ran a small hard-ware store where James worked for years. Reed demonstrated her rural roots by winning an impromptu bet with Lionel Barrymore when he",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "7499268",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Patton\"\nVirginia Patton Virginia Ann Patton (born June 25, 1925) is an American retired businesswoman and former actress. After appearing in several films in the early 1940s, she was cast in her most well-known role as Ruth Dakin Bailey in Frank Capra's \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" (1946). In 1949, Patton retired from acting, with her final film credit being \"\"The Lucky Stiff\"\" (1949). Patton was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Marie (née Cain) and Donald Patton. She was raised in her father's hometown of Portland, Oregon, where her family relocated when she was an infant. She is a niece of General",
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"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "9962305",
"chunk_text": "\"Karolyn Grimes\"\nKarolyn Grimes Karolyn Grimes (born July 4, 1940) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Zuzu Bailey in the classic 1946 Frank Capra film \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". She also played Debbie in the 1947 film \"\"The Bishop's Wife\"\". Grimes was born in Hollywood, California. At age 5, she studied piano and violin at the Boyd School for Actors. Grimes' parents, Mr. and Mrs. La Van Grimes, were teachers in Kansas City, Missouri. Her mother pushed her into acting, but her acting career declined with her mother's health. The latter died from illness when Grimes",
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"page_id": 46
},
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"chunk_id": "11648933",
"chunk_text": "\"Henry Travers\"\nHenry Travers Travers John Heagerty (5 March 1874 – 18 October 1965), known by the stage name Henry Travers, was an English film and stage character actor. His most famous role was the guardian angel Clarence Odbody in the 1946 film classic \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\". He also received an Academy Award nomination for his supporting role in \"\"Mrs. Miniver\"\" (1942). Travers specialized in portraying slightly bumbling but friendly and lovable old men. Travers was born in Prudhoe, Northumberland, and was the son of Daniel Heagerty, a doctor originally from Ireland, and Ellen Gillman Hornibrook Belcher. His mother was a",
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"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_id": "8041909",
"chunk_text": "\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\noverpriced slums. Potter attempts to lure George into becoming his assistant, offering him $20,000 () a year; George is momentarily tempted, but rebukes him. During World War II, George is ineligible for service because of his bad ear. Harry becomes a Navy pilot, and earns the Medal of Honor by shooting down a kamikaze plane headed for a troop transport. On Christmas Eve morning 1945, as the town prepares a hero's welcome for Harry, Uncle Billy goes to the bank to deposit $8,000 of the Building and Loan's cash. Potter enters, and Billy taunts Potter by grabbing the newspaper and",
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"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7878634",
"chunk_text": "\"Samuel S. Hinds\"\nactor. After he lost most of his money in the financial crisis of 1929, Hinds retired as a lawyer and joined the Pasadena Community Playhouse. He started acting in Broadway shows at age 54. Hinds is perhaps best remembered for playing Peter Bailey, the father of James Stewart and founder of the Bailey Building and Loan, in \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" (1946) and for his part as Paul Sycamore in \"\"You Can't Take It With You\"\" (1938), both films directed by Frank Capra. Hinds was also known for his roles in the Abbott & Costello films such as \"\"Buck Privates\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_854
|
who won the battle of stirling bridge 1297?
|
n/a
|
[
"Scottish victory",
"William Wallace",
"Andrew Moray"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
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"chunk_id": "4163511",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nBattle of Stirling Bridge The Battle of Stirling Bridge was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence. On 11 September 1297, the forces of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling, on the River Forth. The Earl of Surrey had won a victory over the aristocracy of Scotland at the Battle of Dunbar. However, by August 1297 Moray and Wallace controlled almost all of Scotland north of the Forth, except for Dundee. Surrey marched north with an army from Wicker to",
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"chunk_id": "16334706",
"chunk_text": "\"Stirling Castle\"\nother royal castles, be put under his control during the arbitration. Edward gave judgement in favour of John Balliol, hoping he would be a \"\"puppet\"\" ruler, but John refused to obey Edward's demands. In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland, beginning the Wars of Scottish Independence, which would last for the next 60 years. The English found Stirling Castle abandoned and empty, and set about occupying this key site. They were dislodged the following year, after the victory of Andrew Moray and William Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Many of the garrison were killed during the battle, after which the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "13651510",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Bannockburn\"\nbetween England and Scotland began in 1296 and initially the English were successful under the command of Edward I, having won victories at the Battle of Dunbar (1296) and at the Capture of Berwick (1296). The removal of John Balliol from the Scottish throne also contributed to the English success. The Scots had been victorious in defeating the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. This was countered, however, by Edward I's victory at the Battle of Falkirk (1298). By 1304, Scotland had been conquered, but in 1306 Robert the Bruce seized the Scottish throne and the war",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4163520",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nfrom the head to the heel, to make therewith a baldrick for his sword\"\". Wallace went on to lead a destructive raid into northern England which did little to advance the Scots objectives, however the raids frightened the English army and stalled their advance. By March 1298 he had emerged as Guardian of Scotland. His glory was brief, for King Edward was coming north from Flanders. The two men finally met on the field of Falkirk in the summer of 1298, where Wallace was defeated. The exploits of Wallace were passed on to posterity mainly in the form of tales",
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_id": "11020174",
"chunk_text": "\"English invasion of Scotland (1298)\"\nmost parts of Scotland. On 11 September 1297, the Scottish forces, under the joint command of Andrew de Moray and William Wallace, met an English army commanded by John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The Scottish army deployed to the north-east of the bridge, and let the vanguard of the Earl of Surrey's army cross before attacking it. The English cavalry proved ineffective on the boggy ground around the bridge, and many were killed. The bridge collapsed as reinforcements tried to cross and the English on the opposite side of the river then fled",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
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"chunk_id": "13117113",
"chunk_text": "Stirlingshire\nMoray and William Wallace defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling, on the River Forth, at the Battle of Stirling Bridge during the First War of Scottish Independence. On 22 July 1298 the Battle of Falkirk saw the defeat of William Wallace by King Edward I of England. On 24 June 1314 the Battle of Bannockburn at Bannockburn, (\"\"Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich\"\" in Scottish Gaelic) was a significant Scottish victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence. It was one of the decisive battles of the First War of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15217370",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Falkirk\"\nBattle of Falkirk The Battle of Falkirk (\"\"Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice\"\" in Gaelic), which took place on 22 July 1298, was one of the major battles in the First War of Scottish Independence. Led by King Edward I of England, the English army defeated the Scots, led by William Wallace. Shortly after the battle Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland. King Edward learned of the defeat of his northern army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. After concluding a truce with the French king, Philip the Fair in October 1297, he returned to England on 14 March 1298 to continue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5627",
"chunk_text": "\"English invasion of Scotland (1298)\"\nEnglish invasion of Scotland (1298) The English invasion of Scotland of 1298 was a military campaign undertaken by Edward I of England in retaliation to a Scottish uprising in 1297, the defeat of an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge and Scottish raids into Northern England. While the English defeated a Scottish army at the Battle of Falkirk, Edward I hampered by food shortages was only able to reach Stirling, before heading back to England. The situation in Scotland had seemed resolved when Edward I returned to England on 16 September 1296, but Scottish resistance soon emerged in",
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"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_id": "14013809",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Falkirk\"\nof the Antonine Fort. Battle of Falkirk The Battle of Falkirk (\"\"Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice\"\" in Gaelic), which took place on 22 July 1298, was one of the major battles in the First War of Scottish Independence. Led by King Edward I of England, the English army defeated the Scots, led by William Wallace. Shortly after the battle Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland. King Edward learned of the defeat of his northern army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. After concluding a truce with the French king, Philip the Fair in October 1297, he returned to England on 14",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_id": "7042765",
"chunk_text": "\"Andrew Moray\"\nAndrew Moray Andrew Moray (Norman French: \"\"Andreu de Moray\"\"; ), also known as Andrew de Moray, Andrew of Moray, or Andrew Murray, an esquire, was prominent in the Scottish Wars of Independence. He led the rising in north Scotland in the summer of 1297 against the occupation by King Edward I of England, successfully regaining control of the area for King John Balliol. He subsequently merged his forces with those led by William Wallace and jointly led the combined army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Moray was mortally wounded in the fighting, dying at an unknown date",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10605933",
"chunk_text": "\"William Wallace\"\nthe Wallace Monument dedicated in 1869. William Wallace Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: \"\"Uilleam Uallas\"\" ; Norman French: \"\"William le Waleys\"\"; died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19386785",
"chunk_text": "\"First War of Scottish Independence\"\nin to English demands for allegiance (whilst still supporting the Scottish cause), Wallace's force remained unequivocally dedicated to the struggle for Scottish independence. On 11 September 1297, the Scottish forces, under the joint command of Moray and Wallace, met those of the King of England, commanded by John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The Scottish army deployed to the north-east of the bridge, and let the vanguard of Surrey's army cross before attacking it. The English cavalry proved ineffective on the boggy ground around the bridge, and many were killed. The bridge collapsed as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6285408",
"chunk_text": "\"William Wallace\"\nWilliam Wallace Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: \"\"Uilleam Uallas\"\" ; Norman French: \"\"William le Waleys\"\"; died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn, and quartered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18358117",
"chunk_text": "Stirling\nwith different lettering. Sibbald conflated the two mottos into a single rhyme; he gave no indication that he was aware of Boece's work. Stirling was first declared a royal burgh by King David in the 12th century, with later charters reaffirmed by subsequent monarchs. A ferry, and later bridge, on the River Forth at Stirling brought wealth and strategic influence, as did its tidal port at Riverside. Major battles during the Wars of Scottish Independence took place at the Stirling Bridge in 1297 and at the nearby village of Bannockburn in 1314 involving William Wallace and Robert the Bruce respectively.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11770996",
"chunk_text": "\"Clan Wallace\"\n\"\"Sir William Wallace was a younger son of Alan Wallace, a crown tenant in Ayrshire\"\". During the Wars of Scottish Independence William Wallace and Andrew de Moray began a successful military guerrilla campaign against the English. In 1297 they won a great and stunning victory over the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, after which Wallace was knighted as \"\"Guardian of Scotland\"\". Wallace was also in command at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, but there he was defeated by the superiority of the English numbers. Wallace was eventually captured at Robroyston near Glasgow and delivered to Edward Longshanks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5636",
"chunk_text": "\"English invasion of Scotland (1298)\"\nin 1299, however due to his impending marriage to Margaret of France, the half sister of Philip IV of France, he had to wait until 1300 to launch another invasion of Scotland. English invasion of Scotland (1298) The English invasion of Scotland of 1298 was a military campaign undertaken by Edward I of England in retaliation to a Scottish uprising in 1297, the defeat of an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge and Scottish raids into Northern England. While the English defeated a Scottish army at the Battle of Falkirk, Edward I hampered by food shortages was only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5883518",
"chunk_text": "Stirling\nof 1296 is on record. The first alludes to the story as recorded by Boece who relates that in 855 Scotland was invaded by two Northumbrian princes, Osbrecht and Ella. They united their forces with the Cumbrian Britons in order to defeat the Scots. Having secured Stirling castle, they built the first stone bridge over the Forth. On the top they reportedly raised a crucifix with the inscription: \"\"Anglos, a Scotis separat, crux ista remotis; Arma hic stant Bruti; stant Scoti hac sub cruce tuti.\"\" Bellenden translated this loosely as \"\"I am free marche, as passengers may ken, To Scottis,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16334708",
"chunk_text": "\"Stirling Castle\"\nWilliam Oliphant, surrendered on 20 July, but part of the garrison were ordered back into the castle by Edward, as he had not yet deployed his latest engine, \"\"Warwolf\"\". Warwolf is believed to have been a large trebuchet, which destroyed the castle's gatehouse. Although Edward's victory seemed complete, he was dead by 1307, and Robert Bruce was now King of Scots. By 1313, only Stirling, Roxburgh, Edinburgh and Berwick castles were held by the English. Edward Bruce, the king's brother, laid siege to Stirling, which was held by Sir Philip Mowbray. Mowbray proposed a bargain: that he would surrender the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13862265",
"chunk_text": "\"Clan Murray\"\nClan Oliphant. He was a regent of Scotland in 1255. He also started construction of Bothwell Castle, which became one of the most powerful strongholds in Scotland. It was the seat of the chiefs of Clan Murray until 1360 when it passed over to the Clan Douglas. During the Wars of Scottish Independence, Andrew Moray took up the cause of Scottish independence against Edward I of England and he was joined by William Wallace. Andrew Moray was killed following the Scottish victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, after which Wallace assumed command of Scottish forces. It has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16334707",
"chunk_text": "\"Stirling Castle\"\nEnglish commanders William FitzWarin and Marmaduke Thweng retreated into the castle. However, they were quickly starved into surrender by the Scots. Next summer, the castle changed hands again, being abandoned by the Scots after the English victory at Falkirk. Edward strengthened the castle, but it was besieged in 1299 by forces including Robert Bruce. King Edward failed to relieve the garrison, who were forced to surrender. By 1303, the English again held the upper hand, and Stirling was the last remaining castle in Scottish hands. Edward's army arrived in April 1304, with at least 17 siege engines. The Scots, under",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13754653",
"chunk_text": "\"William Devereux, Baron Devereux of Lyonshall\"\ndied on 6 June 1296. His forces and Devereux then returned to England. In May 1297 William Wallace sacked Lanark Castle. William Devereux, as a holder of lands or rents in excess of 20L yearly, was summoned to muster at London 7 July 1297 for further service in parts beyond the seas. He was present at the Parliament assembled on 8 July. Devereux was at the Battle of Stirling Bridge on 11 September 1297 where the English were defeated by William Wallace. He was probably also with Edward I when William Wallace was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3644173",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nattack across the bridge. The small bridge was broad enough to let only two horsemen cross abreast, but offered the safest river crossing, as the Forth widened to the east and the marshland of Flanders Moss lay to the west. The Scots waited as the English knights and infantry made their slow progress across the bridge on the morning of 11 September. It would have taken several hours for the entire English army to cross. Wallace and Moray waited, according to the Chronicle of Hemingburgh, until \"\"as many of the enemy had come over as they believed they could overcome\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3644176",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nthe bridge to be destroyed, retreated towards Berwick, leaving the garrison at Stirling Castle isolated and abandoning the Lowlands to the rebels. James Stewart, the High Steward of Scotland, and Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, whose forces had been part of Surrey's army, observing the carnage to the north of the bridge, withdrew. Then the English supply train was attacked at \"\"The Pows\"\", a wooded marshy area, by James Stewart and the other Scots lords, killing many of the fleeing soldiers. This Stirling Bridge is believed to have been about 180 yards upstream from the 15th century stone bridge that crosses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15251248",
"chunk_text": "\"Sieges of Stirling Castle\"\nSieges of Stirling Castle There have been at least eight sieges of Stirling Castle, a strategically important fortification in Stirling, Scotland. Stirling is located at the crossing of the River Forth, making it a key location for access to the north of Scotland. The castle changed hands several times between English and Scottish control during the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357). In 1299, the castle was in English hands, when the constable, John Sampson, was besieged by the Scots. In 1304, Edward I of England besieged the Scots, deploying siege engines to force the garrison to surrender. In 1337, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9542154",
"chunk_text": "Remonstrances\nconclusion was the English defeat to the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. This united the country against a common enemy; Edward promised to address the grievances, while Bigod and Bohun agreed to serve on a campaign in Scotland. As a sign of good will, the king signed the \"\"Confirmatio cartarum\"\"a confirmation of \"\"Magna Carta\"\". Maltolt Remonstrances The Remonstrances (sometimes written in the original Anglo-Norman: Monstraunces) were a set of complaints presented by a group of nobles in 1297, against the government of King Edward I of England. Foremost among the nobles were Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, Marshal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3644181",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\ncertain circumstances infantry could be superior to cavalry. It was some time, though, before this lesson was fully absorbed. Contemporary English chronicler Walter of Guisborough recorded the English losses in the battle as 100 cavalry and 5,000 infantry killed. Scottish casualties in the battle are unrecorded, with the exception of Andrew Moray. He appears to have been injured in the battle and died of his injuries around November. De Cressingham's body was reportedly subsequently flayed and the skin cut into small pieces for souvenirs of the victory. The Lanercost Chronicle records that Wallace had \"\"a broad strip [of Cressingham’s skin]...taken",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1422822",
"chunk_text": "\"Combined arms\"\nthem in the open with cavalry. Likewise Scottish sheltrons – which had been developed to counter the charges by English heavy cavalry, and had been used successfully against English cavalry at the Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297) – were destroyed at the Battle of Falkirk (1298) by English archers acting in concert with mounted knights. Both Hastings and Falkirk showed how combined arms could be used to defeat enemies relying on only one arm. The English victories of Crécy, Poitiers and Agincourt were examples of a simple form of combined arms, with a combination of dismounted knights forming a foundation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9774710",
"chunk_text": "\"John Devereux, Lord of Munsley\"\nLanark Castle in May 1297. On 5 August 1297 the King provided John Devereux with letters of protection for the next year while he is on the king’s service overseas. William Wallace defeated the English at Stirling Bridge on 11 September 1297. Devereux gathered with the army for Edward I’s invasion of Scotland, and was probably present at the Battle of Falkirk. On 7 June 1300 John Devereux, son of Nicholas Devereux, was granted Letters of Protection while serving in Scotland under John de Usflete. John de Usflete was the husband of Lora, daughter and coheir of Gerard de Furnivale.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7921296",
"chunk_text": "\"Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford\"\nanother civil war. Just as the conflict was coming to a head, however, external events intervened to settle it. In September 1297, the English suffered a heavy defeat to the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The Scottish victory exposed the north of England to Scottish raids led by William Wallace. The war with Scotland received wider support from the English magnates, now that their own homeland was threatened, than did the war in France to protect the king's continental possessions. Edward abandoned his campaign in France and negotiated a truce with the French king. He agreed to confirm",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4163518",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nthe river today. Four stone piers have been found underwater just north () and at an angle to the extant 15th-century bridge, along with man-made stonework on one bank in line with the piers. The site of the fighting was along either side of an earthen causeway leading from the Abbey Craig, atop which the Wallace Monument is now, to the north end of the bridge. The battlefield has been inventoried and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009. The Battle of Stirling Bridge was a shattering defeat for the English: it showed that under",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4163513",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nbecause Warenne had overslept. The Scots arrived first and camped on Abbey Craig, which dominated the soft flat ground north of the river. The English force of English, Welsh and Scots knights, bowmen and foot soldiers camped south of the river. Sir Richard Lundie, a Scots knight who joined the English after the Capitulation of Irvine, offered to outflank the enemy by leading a cavalry force over a ford two miles upstream, where sixty horsemen could cross at the same time. Hugh de Cressingham, King Edward's treasurer in Scotland, persuaded the Earl to reject this advice and order a direct",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13285688",
"chunk_text": "\"Warkworth Castle\"\nfor the family's estates: William de Valence, half-brother of King Henry III. The castle, characterised by this time by the chronicler Matthew Paris as \"\"noble\"\", remained under the guardianship of Valence until 1268, when it reverted to Robert fitz John. King Edward I of England stayed at Warkworth Castle for a night in 1292. The English king was asked to mediate in a dispute over the Scottish throne and laid his own claim, leading to the Anglo-Scottish Wars. After the Scottish victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, Robert and his son, John de Clavering, were captured. They",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19147550",
"chunk_text": "\"Scotland in the Late Middle Ages\"\nthe next strongest claimant, accepted this outcome with reluctance. Over the next few years Edward I used the concessions he had gained to systematically undermine both the authority of King John and the independence of Scotland. In 1295 John, on the urgings of his chief councillors, entered into an alliance with France, the beginning of the Auld Alliance. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposing King John. The following year William Wallace and Andrew Murrey raised forces to resist the occupation and under their joint leadership an English army was defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Murrey died of wounds",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7805036",
"chunk_text": "\"Wars of Scottish Independence\"\nDestiny from Scone Abbey and transporting it to Westminster Abbey, Edward convened a parliament at Berwick, where the Scottish nobles paid homage to him as King of England. Scotland had been all but conquered. The revolts which broke out in early 1297, led by William Wallace, Andrew de Moray and other Scottish nobles, forced Edward to send more forces to deal with the Scots, and although they managed to force the nobles to capitulate at Irvine, Wallace and de Moray's continuing campaigns eventually led to the first key Scottish victory, at Stirling Bridge. Moray was fatally wounded in the fighting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2322829",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert fitzRoger (died 1310)\"\nbarony of Blythburgh, Suffolk. A distinguished soldier, FitzRoger fought in wars in Wales in 1277, 1282 and 1283, the wars against Scotland in 1291 until 1309 and in Gascony in 1294. He was summoned to the English Parliament of 1295 as Lord FitzRoger. During the battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, fitzRoger was captured. He was a joint Captain of the Scotch Marches from November 1297. FitzRoger fought with his son John at the battle of Falkirk in 1298 and the siege of Caerlaverock in 1300. FitzRoger signed the Barons' Letter of 1301. He conducted a foray with John de",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14931290",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Scotland\"\nas the Auld Alliance. In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland, deposing King John. The following year William Wallace and Andrew de Moray raised forces to resist the occupation and under their joint leadership an English army was defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. For a short time Wallace ruled Scotland in the name of John Balliol as Guardian of the realm. Edward came north in person and defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. Wallace escaped but probably resigned as Guardian of Scotland. In 1305, he fell into the hands of the English, who executed him for treason",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10024367",
"chunk_text": "\"Abbey Craig\"\non the north bank of the River Forth, about 1 km to the south. The hill is the site of William Wallace's HQ ahead of the battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, which was part of the Scottish Wars of Independence. The hilltop was also defended during the Early Medieval Period, and features a vitrified hillfort, destroyed by fire in the 6th or 7th centuries AD and then refortified in 8th or 9th centuries AD, as demonstrated by two phases of archaeological excavation, the first by SUAT Archaeology in 2001 and the second by Murray Cook, Stirling Council's Archaeologist in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20890261",
"chunk_text": "\"William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas\"\nhad no such compunction. He was the first nobleman to join with Sir William Wallace in 1297 in rebellion; combining forces at Sanquhar, Durisdeer and later Scone Abbey where the two liberated the English treasury. With that booty Wallace financed further rebellion. Wallace joined his forces with that of Sir Andrew Moray and together they led the patriot army in the Battle at Stirling Bridge fought on 11 September 1297. They were joined by other patriots such as Robert Wishart Bishop of Glasgow, and the Morays of Bothwell, with a contingent of Douglases at the national muster at Irvine, North",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20472002",
"chunk_text": "\"Scotland in the Middle Ages\"\nthe Auld Alliance. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposing King John. The following year William Wallace and Andrew de Moray raised forces to resist the occupation and under their joint leadership an English army was defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. For a short time Wallace ruled Scotland in the name of John Balliol as guardian of the realm. Edward came north in person and defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk. The English barons refuted the French-inspired papal claim to Scottish overlordship in the Barons' Letter, 1301, claiming it rather as long possessed by English kings. Wallace escaped",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10675466",
"chunk_text": "\"Hugh de Cressingham\"\nHugh de Cressingham Sir Hugh de Cressingham (died 11 September 1297) was the treasurer of the English administration in Scotland from 1296 to 1297. He was hated by the Scots and did not seem well liked even by the English. He was an advisor to John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. He suggested a full-scale attack across the bridge, which cost the English the battle and led to his death. Cressingham was a son of William de Cressingham. Hugh was a clerk and one of the officers of the English exchequer, was employed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3644175",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nescaped by swimming across the river. Marmaduke Thweng managed to fight his way back across the bridge and he thus became the only knight of all those on the far side of the river to survive the battle. Surrey, who was left with a small contingent of archers, had stayed south of the river and was still in a strong position. The bulk of his army remained intact and he could have held the line of the Forth, denying the Scots a passage to the south, but his confidence was gone. After the escape of Sir Marmaduke Thweng, Surrey ordered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17369490",
"chunk_text": "\"Cavalry tactics\"\ncavalry charges, and with heavy infantry close at hand. The long spears (pikes) of Scots and Swiss were an excellent defensive weapon against cavalry. The warriors stood in tight formations like an ancient phalanx, the end of their pikes embedded in the ground, presenting a massive spiked wall. In battle against the Scots, the English knights proved to be as narrow-minded as their French counterparts, employing the classic cavalry charge despite the new challenge of the Scottish pike. In the battles of Stirling Bridge (1297) and Bannockburn (1314) they were defeated by the Scots. While the English imitated this tactic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1151849",
"chunk_text": "\"Clan Bruce\"\nthe summer of 1297 he again swore allegiance to Edward in what is known as the Capitulation of Irvine. Bruce appears to have sided with the Scots during the Battle of Stirling Bridge but when Edward returned victorious to England after the Battle of Falkirk, Bruce's lands of Annandale and Carrick were exempted from the lordships and lands which Edward assigned to his followers. Bruce, it seems, was seen as a man whose allegiance might still be won. Bruce and John Comyn (a rival for the throne) succeeded William Wallace as Guardians of Scotland, but their rivalry threatened the stability",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18358118",
"chunk_text": "Stirling\nAfter the battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace wrote to the Hanseatic leaders of Lübeck and Hamburg to encourage trade between Scottish ports (like Stirling) and these German cities. There were also several Sieges of Stirling Castle in the conflict, notably in 1304. Another important historical site in the area is the ruins of Cambuskenneth Abbey, the resting place of King James III of Scotland and his queen, Margaret of Denmark. The king died at the Battle of Sauchieburn by forces nominally led by his son and successor James IV. During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Stirling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9924275",
"chunk_text": "\"Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy\"\nStirling Bridge was a disaster for the English army. Percy and his fellow commanders could only watch helplessly from the castle as their infantry, caught on the far side of the one narrow bridge were slaughtered. Murray was however killed in the battle. The English were temporarily expelled from Scotland and on the defensive, with the Scots raiding northern England. In the following spring of 1298 King Edward returned from France and assembled a large army, including many Welsh longbow archers, to begin a new and determined assault on Scotland. They caught up with Wallace at Falkirk on 22 July",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20317082",
"chunk_text": "\"Invasions of the British Isles\"\nthe leadership of William Wallace. They decisively defeated the English in the Battle of Stirling Bridge, and began a brief invasion of northern England. Edward rushed north with his army and inflicted a crushing defeat on Wallace at Falkirk. Wallace was captured and executed afterward. Further campaigns by Edward in 1300 and 1301 led to a truce between the Scots and the English in 1302. After another campaign in 1303/1304, Stirling Castle, the last major Scottish held stronghold, fell to the English, and in February 1304, negotiations led to most of the remaining nobles paying homage to Edward and to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3644171",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling Bridge\"\nrelieve Dundee. The town of Stirling was the key entry point to the north of Scotland. The 6th Earl of Surrey arrived with his supporters at the narrow, wooden bridge over the River Forth near Stirling Castle and determined that he would be at a tactical disadvantage if he attempted to take his main force across there. So he delayed crossing for several days to allow for negotiations, and to reconnoiter the area. On 10 September Warenne gave orders to cross the river the next day. At dawn the English and Welsh infantry started to cross only to be recalled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2917736",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Stirling (1648)\"\nforces. On 27 September 1648 the Treaty of Stirling was agreed and led to the end of Engager dominance of Scotland. Battle of Stirling (1648) The second Battle of Stirling was fought on the 12th September 1648 during the Scottish Civil War of the 17th century. The battle was fought between the Engagers who were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters under the command of George Munro, 1st of Newmore and who had made \"\"The Engagement\"\" with Charles I of England in December 1647, against the Kirk Party who were a radical Presbyterian faction of the Scottish Covenanters who were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19174372",
"chunk_text": "\"Stirling Castle\"\nthe Treaty of Falaise. There is no evidence that the English actually occupied the castle, and it was formally handed back by Richard I of England in 1189. Stirling continued to be a favoured royal residence, with William himself dying there in 1214, and Alexander III laying out the New Park, for deer hunting, in the 1260s. Stirling remained a centre of royal administration until the death of Alexander III in 1286. His passing triggered a succession crisis, with Edward I of England invited to arbitrate between competing claimants. Edward came north in 1291, demanding that Stirling, along with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10454858",
"chunk_text": "\"William de Lamberton\"\nRobert Bruce and John Comyn in 1299. His role was to act as a third, senior, but neutral party between the two enemies. He would hold the position until 1301 and during his term he formed a close friendship with Bruce. Lamberton owed his position largely to the efforts of William Wallace who had been made sole Guardian of Scotland after the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 and as such Lamberton supported Wallace. Lamberton's clergy publicly denounced the English and supported Wallace. Lamberton ordered his Diocese's officials to divert Church funds to Wallace's campaign and urged Wallace to continue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_855
|
who plays dylan in daddy's home 2?
|
n/a
|
[
"Owen Vaccaro"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\n10, 2017. Although the film received generally negative reviews from critics, it grossed over $180 million worldwide on a $70 million budget. After finally becoming friends at the end of the first film, Brad Whittaker (Will Ferrell) and Dusty Mayron (Mark Wahlberg) have a co-dad system where their two children, Megan (Scarlett Estevez) and Dylan (Owen Vaccaro), take turns at each father's house. Dusty has also remarried, this time to Karen (Alessandra Ambrosio), a writer, and is stepdad to Adrianna (Didi Costine), Karen's daughter. Brad and his wife, Sara (Linda Cardellini), along with Dusty and Karen, attend a school play",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nDaddy's Home 2 Daddy's Home 2 is a 2017 American Christmas comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders and John Morris. A sequel to \"\"Daddy's Home\"\" (2015), it stars Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Linda Cardellini, John Cena, with John Lithgow and Mel Gibson. The plot follows now reformed-fathers Brad and Dusty (Ferrell and Wahlberg), now co-parenting Dusty's kids, who have to deal with their own fathers (Lithgow and Gibson) visiting for the holidays. Principal photography on the film began in Massachusetts in March 2017 and it was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on November",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nWahlberg mentioned that they would like to get Liam Neeson for the third installment of the film series. Daddy's Home 2 Daddy's Home 2 is a 2017 American Christmas comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders and John Morris. A sequel to \"\"Daddy's Home\"\" (2015), it stars Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Linda Cardellini, John Cena, with John Lithgow and Mel Gibson. The plot follows now reformed-fathers Brad and Dusty (Ferrell and Wahlberg), now co-parenting Dusty's kids, who have to deal with their own fathers (Lithgow and Gibson) visiting for the holidays. Principal photography on the film began",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nIn January 2017, it was reported that Mel Gibson and John Lithgow were being sought to play the main characters' fathers in the film. The two were later confirmed to star, along with Linda Cardellini, John Cena, Owen Vaccaro and Scarlett Estevez, reprising their roles. Principal photography began on March 20, 2017. Scenes were filmed in Concord, Massachusetts,Clinton, Massachusetts,Framingham, Massachusetts, Lawrence, Massachusetts and Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The film was released in the United States on November 10, 2017. \"\"Daddy's Home 2\"\" was released on Digital HD on February 6, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray and DVD on February 20,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home (film)\"\nof 42 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"B+\"\" on an A+ to F scale. Will Ferrell was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in the category Choice Movie Actor in a Comedy. In April 2016, a sequel was announced with Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg reprising their characters. Anders and John Morris wrote the script and Anders directed. In January 2017, Paramount Pictures courted Mel Gibson and John Lithgow to star in the sequel. The two were later confirmed to star in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nmistakes Brad for a chauffeur. When Dusty explains that Brad is the stepdad to his children, Kurt doesn't like it. Brad's overbearing and over-cheerful dad, Don (John Lithgow), arrives next, unnerving Kurt. Don tells Brad that his mother didn't come along, because she is taking care of Brad's uncle who isn't feeling well. Back at the house, Megan and Dylan warmly embrace Don, since he is very present in their lives, while Kurt hasn't seen the children since they were toddlers. Through jealousy of the affection the children show to Don, Kurt rents a large cabin through Airbnb, to house",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home (film)\"\nHome 2\"\", was released on November 10, 2017. Mild-mannered radio executive Brad Whitaker struggles to be a good stepfather to his wife Sara's two children, Megan and Dylan, and is seemingly sterile after an accident to his testicles some years ago. The children begin to grow closer to Brad, with Dylan confiding in him that he is being picked on at school and Megan asking him to take her to a father/daughter dance at her school. One night, the kids' biological father, Sara's ex-husband Dusty Mayron, calls and discovers Sara's marriage with Brad. He suddenly announces he will be visiting",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home (film)\"\nthe film. Linda Cardellini, Owen Vaccaro and Scarlett Estevez also reprise their roles. John Cena will also return to the film, reprising his role from the first film. It was released on November 10, 2017. In an interview, Mark Wahlberg mentioned that they would like to get Liam Neeson for the third installment of the film. Daddy's Home (film) Daddy's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders, Brian Burns, and John Morris. The film is about a mild-mannered step-father (Will Ferrell) who vies for the attention of his wife's (Linda Cardellini) children",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home (film)\"\nDaddy's Home (film) Daddy's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Anders, Brian Burns, and John Morris. The film is about a mild-mannered step-father (Will Ferrell) who vies for the attention of his wife's (Linda Cardellini) children when their biological father (Mark Wahlberg) returns. The second collaboration between Ferrell and Wahlberg following the 2010 film \"\"The Other Guys\"\", principal photography began on November 17, 2014 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The film was released on December 25, 2015, by Paramount Pictures and grossed $242 million worldwide, becoming Ferrell's highest-grossing live-action film. A sequel, \"\"Daddy's",
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"chunk_text": "\"John Bregar\"\nJohn Bregar John Francis Bregar (born March 1, 1985) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as Dylan Michalchuk on \"\"\"\". He also played Cody Flowers in \"\"Family Biz\"\". His professional acting debut was starring in the music video \"\"Father\"\" by Knights of the Realm. He played Jason Valentine in the Canadian Film Center short film, \"\"Todd And The Book Of Pure Evil\"\". He and Adamo Ruggiero were nominated for a GLAAD Media Award at the 15th Annual GLAAD Media Awards and featured in \"\"The Advocate\"\" for their roles in \"\"\"\", as teenage boyfriends. Bregar also played Bobby",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nfor Megan, where she announces to the whole audience that she doesn't like the fact that she has to go back and forth to different houses all the time. Back at the house, after the play, Brad and Dusty decide to do away with having two separate Christmases and instead do one \"\"together Christmas\"\". Dusty, however, finds out his tough fighter pilot/astronaut father Kurt (Mel Gibson) is coming for Christmas. At the airport the next day, Dusty tells Brad that his father is going to make fun of them since he won't understand their co-dad arrangement. When Kurt arrives, he",
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"chunk_text": "\"Edward Furlong\"\nEdward Furlong Edward Walter Furlong (born August 2, 1977) is an American actor and musician. Furlong won Saturn and MTV Movie Awards for his breakthrough performance as John Connor in \"\"\"\" (1991). The following year he gave an Independent Spirit Award-nominated turn opposite Jeff Bridges in \"\"American Heart\"\", and earned a second Saturn Award nomination for his work in \"\"Pet Sematary Two\"\". He won a Young Artist Award for his performance alongside Kathy Bates in \"\"A Home of Our Own\"\" (1993), and shared a further ensemble nomination with the cast of the film. Furlong received acclaim for his starring roles",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home (film)\"\nthat Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg would play the lead roles in the film. On November 12, Linda Cardellini joined the cast of the film, to play Ferrell's character's wife. On November 18, Hannibal Buress joined the film to play a sarcastic handyman. On January 28, 2015, Paul Scheer was added to the cast of the film, playing The Whip, a crazy DJ. Principal photography began on November 17, 2014, in New Orleans, Louisiana. On November 24 and 25, filming took place at Edward Hynes Charter School. On January 12, 2015, actors were spotted filming in the Lakeview area. On",
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"chunk_text": "\"John Bregar\"\naccidentally being killed by a leading character named Sally. John Bregar John Francis Bregar (born March 1, 1985) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as Dylan Michalchuk on \"\"\"\". He also played Cody Flowers in \"\"Family Biz\"\". His professional acting debut was starring in the music video \"\"Father\"\" by Knights of the Realm. He played Jason Valentine in the Canadian Film Center short film, \"\"Todd And The Book Of Pure Evil\"\". He and Adamo Ruggiero were nominated for a GLAAD Media Award at the 15th Annual GLAAD Media Awards and featured in \"\"The Advocate\"\" for their roles",
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"chunk_text": "\"Owen Vaccaro\"\nOwen Vaccaro Owen Vaccaro is an American child actor. He has appeared in feature films since 2015, including \"\"Daddy's Home\"\" (2015) and \"\"Daddy's Home 2\"\" (2017), and in the lead role of \"\"The House with a Clock in Its Walls\"\" (2018). Vaccaro was born in . He has an older sister and a younger brother. He lives in Atlanta, Georgia. In first grade, he acted in a play and became interested in acting further. An agent helped him get roles on the independent films \"\"The Product of Me\"\" and \"\"Rom\"\", which led to his role in the 2015 feature film",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home (film)\"\nbuilding a castle there, and he and Brad are now friends. Dusty eventually remarries, to a woman named Karen who has a daughter, thus Dusty becomes a stepfather himself. Sara is immediately intimidated by Karen after meeting her; she feels that Karen's looks surpass hers and she is jealous of the latter's professions as a doctor and a novelist. In an ironic twist of fate, Dusty is now in exactly the same position that he put Brad in a year ago – visibly intimidated by his stepdaughter's more attractive father, Roger (John Cena). On November 5, 2014, it was confirmed",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\n26 critics, indicating \"\"generally unfavorable reviews\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"A−\"\" on an A+ to F scale. Alonso Duralde of \"\"TheWrap\"\" was critical of what he described as the film's sloppiness and laziness, saying, \"\"Director Sean Anders and his co-writer John Morris execute what are supposed to be the laughs with blunt force. The jokes announce themselves with heavy footsteps, and almost none of them land, stranding a talented cast with terrible material that they’re straining to sell.\"\" Richard Roeper of the \"\"Chicago Sun-Times\"\" gave the film 1 out of 4 stars, saying:",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Everett\"\nin the series \"\"Super Why!\"\". He then appeared in other roles, until his 2009 \"\"How To Be Indie\"\" casting as Marlon Parks, and in 2010 the lead character in the Family Channel series \"\"Wingin' It\"\". He reprised his character as Marlon Parks to film a second series of YTV's \"\"How To Be Indie\"\", which premiered in Canada, in fall 2010. Everett also filmed a second and third season with \"\"Wingin' It\"\". In February 2012 he was cast as Campbell Saunders, an ensemble character in \"\"\"\". In 2014, Dylan played the role of Mark-Paul Gosselaar in Lifetime TV's \"\"The Unauthorized Saved",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\nDylan and Cole Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins and are referred to as the Sprouse brothers or Sprouse Bros. Their first major theatrical film role was in the 1999 comedy, \"\"Big Daddy\"\", in which they co-starred with Adam Sandler. They later appeared in several television sitcoms and starred in the straight-to-DVD films \"\"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\"\" and \"\"Just for Kicks\"\". From 2005 until 2008, they starred in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". As a result of the series' success,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nRoger (John Cena), to the cabin for Christmas. That evening, the entire family takes part in a Christmas manger representation. Brad gets into a fight with Dusty because he wants to play Joseph, which Dusty is currently playing. When Megan begins to swear, and Adrianna falls from being drunk, the crowd breaks up. Instead of Dusty fighting Brad, he almost comes to blows with Roger, and Don is repeatedly hit with ice-balls. The next morning, Christmas Day, the families all pack up to leave. On their way out of town, the families are forced back to town on account of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Sprouse\"\nDylan Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and its spin-off, \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\". Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Dylan was born 15 minutes before his younger twin brother Cole Sprouse. Four months after his birth, the family moved back to their parents' native Long",
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"chunk_text": "\"Colin Ford\"\nColin Ford Colin Ford (born September 12, 1996) is an American actor and voice actor. He appeared as Joe McAlister in \"\"Under the Dome\"\". He is also known as the voice of Jake on \"\"Jake and the Never Land Pirates\"\", which earned him a Young Artist Award, and for his role as Dylan Mee in the family movie \"\"We Bought a Zoo\"\". Ford was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He enjoyed being in front of the camera which led to his start in the entertainment business. At age 4, he modeled for print ads for regional and national retailers. At age",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dylan and Cole Sprouse\"\nwas preparing to open All-Wise Meadery in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York; he is the brewmaster. He disclosed that he has been a Heathen since he was 15. Dylan and Cole Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins and are referred to as the Sprouse brothers or Sprouse Bros. Their first major theatrical film role was in the 1999 comedy, \"\"Big Daddy\"\", in which they co-starred with Adam Sandler. They later appeared in several television sitcoms and starred in the straight-to-DVD films \"\"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa",
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"chunk_text": "\"Reid Ewing\"\nperformed on \"\"Modern Family\"\". In 2011, he appeared in Wendy's \"\"Where's the beef?\"\" commercials. In 2015, Ewing revealed that he has suffered from body dysmorphic disorder, which resulted in several cosmetic surgeries. He came out as gay on November 23, 2015, while again addressing his body dysmorphia. Reid Ewing Reid Ewing (born November 7, 1988) is an American actor known for his recurring guest role as Dylan on the ABC comedy \"\"Modern Family\"\". Ewing appeared in theater productions in the South Florida area. He studied at the Dreyfoos School of the Arts in West Palm Beach and the School for",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nhad been agreed that Dusty would handle that. The contradictory mix of advice from Brad, Dusty and Kurt only makes Dylan more afraid. He gets made fun of by Megan and Adrianna. Finding the trees too small in a farm, they illegally go on to private property to cut one down. Brad mistakes a cell tower for a tree, and is electrocuted. The men bring the cell tower home and use it as a tree, after being charged $20,000 in damages for it. They realise that they forgot Don outside, who collapsed after getting lost while looking for a suitable",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\na blizzard. They are forced to take shelter at a movie theater. With every other movie being sold out, due to the huge influx of business from other families seeking shelter at the theater, both families go to see the last movie available: \"\"Missile Tow\"\", a fictional holiday action comedy film starring Liam Neeson. When the power cuts off during the movie, the families go to the lobby where each man confronts their father about the secrets, lies, and attitudes. Brad confronts Don about not telling him the truth about his divorce, while Dusty tries to talk to Kurt. When",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\nDusty and Brad discover that Brad's new stepdad is Chesley \"\"Sully\"\" Sullenberger, the pilot of the \"\"Miracle on the Hudson\"\" flight. Brad and Dusty remember that they watched the film \"\"Sully\"\" together not too long ago, and Brad appears to be welcoming towards him. Brad runs down the terminal and says that Sully will never replace his father, because Sully has only one great personal story, whereas his father has a million stories. In April 2016, the sequel was announced, with Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg reprising their roles, Sean Anders and John Morris writing the script, and Anders directing.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mark Camacho\"\nthe 2007 Bob Dylan biopic \"\"I'm Not There\"\", Camacho plays the part of Norman, based upon Dylan's manager Albert Grossman. He was later cast in \"\"\"\" as one of \"\"Jigsaw's\"\" surviving men. He was married to actress and fellow Canadian Pauline Little. Their son, Jesse Camacho, is also an actor, best known for the television series \"\"Less Than Kind\"\". Mark Camacho Mark Camacho (born April 12, 1964) is a Canadian actor, director, and writer. He has starred in live-action films, but is best known for his voice acting roles, such as Oliver Frensky in \"\"Arthur\"\", Lyle in \"\"Animal Crackers\"\", Dad",
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"chunk_text": "\"Evan Farmer\"\nanother 9 days, setting an unofficial world record. Farmer married Andrea M. Smith in October 2006, and currently resides in Nashville with their two sons Garrison, and Ford. Evan Farmer Evan Ragland Farmer, Jr. (born July 28, 1972) is an American business owner, television host, radio host, actor, musician, designer/customizer, and author. He is best known for his lead role as Jerry O'Keefe in the MTV Film and follow up television series 2gether, and as host and carpenter within the home-makeover television genre including Emmy-nominated \"\"While You Were Out\"\" (TLC), \"\"Freestyle\"\" (HGTV), and \"\"Door Knockers\"\" (DIY). Farmer was born in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Luke Perry\"\nSharp from 1993 to 2003. The couple share joint custody of their two children, Jack (born June 15, 1997) and Sophie (born June 7, 2000). Perry became an advocate for testing for colon cancer after undergoing a colonoscopy in 2015 that revealed precancerous growths. Luke Perry Coy Luther Perry III (born October 11, 1966), known simply as Luke Perry, is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dylan McKay on the TV series \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" from 1990 to 1995, and again from 1998 to 2000. He currently stars as Fred Andrews on the CW series",
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"chunk_text": "\"Evan Farmer\"\nEvan Farmer Evan Ragland Farmer, Jr. (born July 28, 1972) is an American business owner, television host, radio host, actor, musician, designer/customizer, and author. He is best known for his lead role as Jerry O'Keefe in the MTV Film and follow up television series 2gether, and as host and carpenter within the home-makeover television genre including Emmy-nominated \"\"While You Were Out\"\" (TLC), \"\"Freestyle\"\" (HGTV), and \"\"Door Knockers\"\" (DIY). Farmer was born in Asmara Ethiopia (Now Eritrea) to American parents, and spent a large part of his early childhood traveling the world with his mother, a nurse and family therapist, his",
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"chunk_text": "\"Owen Vaccaro\"\n\"\"Daddy's Home\"\". He attended Holy Innocents' Episcopal School in Atlanta. He co-starred in the Paramount Pictures films \"\"Daddy's Home\"\" (2015) and \"\"Daddy's Home 2\"\" (2017). \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" reported that Vaccaro \"\"is poised to breakout\"\" for playing the lead role of Lewis Barnavelt in the Universal Pictures film \"\"The House with a Clock in Its Walls\"\", with Jack Black and Cate Blanchett. Owen Vaccaro Owen Vaccaro is an American child actor. He has appeared in feature films since 2015, including \"\"Daddy's Home\"\" (2015) and \"\"Daddy's Home 2\"\" (2017), and in the lead role of \"\"The House with a Clock in Its",
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"chunk_text": "\"Chad Allen (actor)\"\nChad Allen (actor) Chad Allen (born June 5, 1974) is a retired American actor. Beginning his career at the age of seven, Allen is a three-time Young Artist Award winner and GLAAD Media Award honoree. He was a teen idol during the late 1980s as David Witherspoon on the NBC family drama \"\"Our House\"\" and as Zach Nichols on the NBC sitcom \"\"My Two Dads\"\" before transitioning to an adult career as Matthew Cooper on the CBS western drama \"\"\"\". He announced his retirement from acting in April 2015. Allen was born Chad Allen Lazzari on June 5, 1974, in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Erik Knudsen\"\nErik Knudsen Erik Knudsen (born March 25, 1988) is a Canadian actor. He is perhaps best known for portraying Daniel Matthews in \"\"Saw II\"\", Alec Sadler in \"\"Continuum\"\", and Dale Turner in the CBS series \"\"Jericho\"\". Knudsen was born in Toronto, Ontario. In 1999, Knudsen got his first acting role as Alex Schreffler in the TV series \"\"Real Kids, Real Adventures\"\". In 2001, Knudsen guest starred on \"\"The Guardian\"\" and appeared in three other episodes. He was nominated for a Young Artist Award for his performance. In 2003, Knudsen starred in the TV series \"\"Mental Block\"\". He co-starred as Leroy",
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"chunk_text": "\"Luke Perry\"\nLuke Perry Coy Luther Perry III (born October 11, 1966), known simply as Luke Perry, is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dylan McKay on the TV series \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" from 1990 to 1995, and again from 1998 to 2000. He currently stars as Fred Andrews on the CW series \"\"Riverdale\"\". Perry was born in Mansfield, Ohio, and raised in Fredericktown, Ohio. There, he was the school mascot, the Fredericktown High School Freddie. His mother, Ann Bennett, was a homemaker, and his father, Coy Luther Perry Jr., was a steelworker. Perry likes to go",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Baker\"\nto them two days later. Dylan Baker Dylan Baker (born October 7, 1959) is an American actor. He gained recognition for his roles in the film \"\"Happiness\"\" and on the television series \"\"The Good Wife\"\", the latter of which earned him three Primetime Emmy Award nominations. In 1991, Baker was nominated for a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his performance in the original production of \"\"La Bête\"\". In 2013, he made his directorial debut for the film \"\"23 Blast\"\". Baker was born in Syracuse, New York, but was raised in Lynchburg, Virginia. He began his acting career",
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"chunk_text": "\"Marco Pigossi\"\nMarco Pigossi Marco Fábio Maldonado Pigossi (born February 1, 1989) is a Brazilian actor. He is known for playing Dylan on the Australian television series \"\"Tidelands\"\". He started in the theater at the age of 13, when he decided to take a class out of curiosity and was charmed, at 17 he graduated. He became a professional swimmer, being runner-up of the state of São Paulo in 2005, by the club Athletico Paulistano. In 2003, he was selected by SBT to act in the Brazilian version of \"\"Rebelde Way\"\" as Paulo Roberto, he would be part of the band and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Daddy's Home 2\"\ntree. The other men find him and save him from a pack of wolves. While the group tends to Don at the cabin, Don says that he and his wife have been sleeping in separate rooms, but only because of his snoring. The next day, the entire family goes bowling, and Dylan gets upset after his ball keeps getting stuck in the gutter. Grandpa Kurt motivates him, and the entire bowling alley cheers as Dylan knocks down a single pin. After bowling, the family goes out to take the kids to see Santa. While there, Kurt convinces Dylan to ask",
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"chunk_id": "3718981",
"chunk_text": "\"Dad's Home\"\nDad's Home Dad's Home is a 2010 romantic drama film directed by Bradford May after a screenplay written by Adam Rockoff. Ben Westman is a widower, single father of a daughter, Lindsay, and a son, Dylan. He is extremely busy and has very little time for his children, for whom he hired a housekeeper/nanny that works all day long in his house. Being abruptly fired from the firm that he co-founded 20 years ago, he decides not to look for another housekeeper to replace Nula, that has decided to leave the job abruptly, as well. Thinking that he could stay",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "273478",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Graham-Gaudreau\"\nPeter Graham-Gaudreau Peter Graham-Gaudreau is a Canadian-born film, TV and stage actor and musician. Born in Conway, Ontario, Graham-Gaudreau studied theatre and physical education at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and acting at George Brown College Theatre School in Toronto, Ontario. He is known for his role as Brit Robertson's abusive foster father Trey on CW's \"\"Life Unexpected\"\", as Ed Parker, the goofy father of Bradley Steven Perry in the Disney Channel's comedy \"\"Pants on Fire\"\", and as the outrageous Chief's defenceman, Dick Schenkman, in \"\"Universal's Slap Shot 2\"\", alongside Stephen Baldwin. He played Steven Seagal's boss and traitorous best",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_id": "816589",
"chunk_text": "\"Reid Ewing\"\nReid Ewing Reid Ewing (born November 7, 1988) is an American actor known for his recurring guest role as Dylan on the ABC comedy \"\"Modern Family\"\". Ewing appeared in theater productions in the South Florida area. He studied at the Dreyfoos School of the Arts in West Palm Beach and the School for Film and Television in New York before moving to Los Angeles. In April 2010, he was cast for the MTV film \"\"The Truth Below\"\". In addition to acting, Ewing plays the piano, guitar, and banjo. He wrote the song \"\"In the Moonlight (Do Me)\"\", which his character",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17441441",
"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Baker\"\nDylan Baker Dylan Baker (born October 7, 1959) is an American actor. He gained recognition for his roles in the film \"\"Happiness\"\" and on the television series \"\"The Good Wife\"\", the latter of which earned him three Primetime Emmy Award nominations. In 1991, Baker was nominated for a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his performance in the original production of \"\"La Bête\"\". In 2013, he made his directorial debut for the film \"\"23 Blast\"\". Baker was born in Syracuse, New York, but was raised in Lynchburg, Virginia. He began his acting career as a teenager in regional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15483610",
"chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Tatro\"\nJimmy Tatro James Richard Tatro (born February 16, 1992) is an American actor, comedian, writer and YouTube personality. He is the creator and star of the YouTube channel \"\"LifeAccordingToJimmy\"\", which has about 3 million subscribers and over 510 million video views. Tatro writes, produces and directs each of his video sketches with his friend, Christian A. Pierce. Tatro has appeared in \"\"Grown Ups 2\"\", \"\"22 Jump Street\"\", \"\"Camp Manna\"\" and \"\"\"\", and the music video for \"\"Freaky Friday\"\". He also starred in the first season of the true-crime mockumentary \"\"American Vandal\"\", as Dylan Maxwell. Tatro was born and raised in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
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{
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"chunk_id": "18114332",
"chunk_text": "\"Gogglebox Ireland\"\nJohn (Ballina), Dawn and Dale (Cork) and The Moran Family (Portlaoise) Series 3 introduced two new households from Dublin City Centre (Couple Siobhán and Pat) and the Cooley Peninsula (Friends Michael, David and Gerry.) Jamie welcomed baby Cobey to the Cabra household while, in Navan, Loretta gave birth to baby Asha in early November. In the final episode of Series 3, the cast of Daddy's Home 2 - Mel Gibson, John Lithgow, Will Ferrell and Mark Wahlberg - featured as a guest 'family' on the show and reviewed 'Ireland's Fittest Family', 'Fair City' and 'Stetsons and Stilettos.' On 23 August",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8780051",
"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Sprouse\"\nopposite actress Guan Xiaotong as the character Calaf. Following the end of \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" in 2011, Sprouse attended New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study and obtained a four-year degree in video game design. In 2018, Sprouse opened All-Wise Meadery in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. With the exception of \"\"Piggy Banks\"\" and \"\"Snow Buddies\"\", all appearances prior to 2017 were either roles shared with Cole Sprouse—that is, in which the two portrayed one single character—or projects on which they both worked but portrayed separate characters. Dylan Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2092028",
"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Everett\"\nDylan Everett Dylan Everett (born January 24, 1995) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"How To Be Indie\"\" (2009–2011), \"\"Wingin' It\"\" (2010–2013), \"\"\"\" (2012–2013), and \"\"Open Heart\"\" (2015). Everett played Streeter in the Canadian children's series \"\"The Doodlebops\"\" for two episodes. He then played roles in the movies \"\"The Devil's Mercy\"\", \"\"Booky & the Secret Santa\"\", \"\"Everything Is Connected\"\", \"\"Breakfast with Scot\"\", \"\"For All the Marbles\"\", and made a guest appearance in \"\"The Dresden Files\"\" as Scott Sharpe. He played 'Big Ben' in the Family Channel series \"\"The Latest Buzz\"\". He also voiced 'Wolfy'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10468406",
"chunk_text": "\"Jean-Luc Bilodeau\"\nJean-Luc Bilodeau Jean-Luc Bilodeau (born November 4, 1990) is a Canadian actor who has been acting since 2004. He is best known for his role as Ben Wheeler in the ABC Family channel program \"\"Baby Daddy\"\". Bilodeau has also appeared in films and television series such as \"\"Ill Fated\"\", \"\"Trick 'r Treat\"\", \"\"16 Wishes\"\", \"\"Kyle XY\"\", \"\"No Ordinary Family\"\" and \"\"Best Player\"\". He was also in Emmalyn Estrada's music video \"\"Don't Make Me Let You Go\"\" and plays Jeremy in the movie \"\"LOL\"\". Bilodeau is the son of Raymond and Barbara Bilodeau, and has a sister, Danielle Bilodeau, who is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8832365",
"chunk_text": "\"Sam Elliott\"\nas a series regular in the Netflix series \"\"The Ranch\"\", opposite Ashton Kutcher and Elisha Cuthbert. He also had a recurring role as Phil Millstein in the second season of \"\"Grace and Frankie\"\". In film, Elliott supplied the voice of Butch in the animated film \"\"The Good Dinosaur\"\" (2015). In 2017, Elliott appeared in \"\"The Man Who Killed Hitler and Then the Bigfoot\"\". The following year, he was cast in Bradley Cooper's directorial debut \"\"A Star Is Born\"\" (2018), in which he plays the elder brother of Cooper's character, an aspiring singer-songwriter. Elliott received critical acclaim for his performance and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16593272",
"chunk_text": "\"Home Again (2017 film)\"\nHome Again (2017 film) Home Again is a 2017 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Hallie Meyers-Shyer, in her directorial debut. It stars Reese Witherspoon, Nat Wolff, Jon Rudnitsky, Pico Alexander, Michael Sheen and Candice Bergen, and follows a 40-year-old single mother who allows three young aspiring filmmakers to live with her in her Los Angeles home. The film was released on September 8, 2017, by Open Road Films and grossed $37 million worldwide. Alice Kinney is the daughter of film director John Kinney, who made several prominent personal-focused films in his life but passed away some years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2092030",
"chunk_text": "\"Dylan Everett\"\nby the Bell Story\"\". He also appeared in three episodes of \"\"Supernatural\"\" as a teenage Dean Winchester. Dylan Everett Dylan Everett (born January 24, 1995) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"How To Be Indie\"\" (2009–2011), \"\"Wingin' It\"\" (2010–2013), \"\"\"\" (2012–2013), and \"\"Open Heart\"\" (2015). Everett played Streeter in the Canadian children's series \"\"The Doodlebops\"\" for two episodes. He then played roles in the movies \"\"The Devil's Mercy\"\", \"\"Booky & the Secret Santa\"\", \"\"Everything Is Connected\"\", \"\"Breakfast with Scot\"\", \"\"For All the Marbles\"\", and made a guest appearance in \"\"The Dresden Files\"\" as Scott",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_856
|
where is the tablet of the ten commandments?
|
n/a
|
[
"Ark of the Covenant"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "16543131",
"chunk_text": "\"Tablet (religious)\"\nTablet (religious) A tablet, in a religious context, is a term used for certain religious texts. Judaism and Christianity maintain that Moses brought the Ten Commandments down from Mount Sinai in the form of two tablets of stone. According to the Book of Exodus, God delivered the tablets twice, the first set having been smashed by Moses in his anger at the idol-worship of the Israelites. The Preserved Tablet (\"\"al-Lawhu 'l-Mahfuz\"\"), the heavenly preserved record of all that has happened and will happen, contains \"\"qadar\"\". \"\"Qadar\"\" (, transliterated \"\"qadar\"\", meaning \"\"fate\"\", \"\"divine fore-ordainment\"\", \"\"predestination\"\") is the concept of divine destiny",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "16543132",
"chunk_text": "\"Tablet (religious)\"\nin Islam. The term \"\"tablet\"\" is part of the title of many shorter works of Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, and his son and successor `Abdu'l-Bahá. Tablet (religious) A tablet, in a religious context, is a term used for certain religious texts. Judaism and Christianity maintain that Moses brought the Ten Commandments down from Mount Sinai in the form of two tablets of stone. According to the Book of Exodus, God delivered the tablets twice, the first set having been smashed by Moses in his anger at the idol-worship of the Israelites. The Preserved Tablet (\"\"al-Lawhu 'l-Mahfuz\"\"), the heavenly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5293547",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\nand referring to the Greek translation (in accusative) , , \"\"ten words\"\", found in the Septuagint (or LXX) at Exodus 34:28 and Deuteronomy 10:4. The stone tablets, as opposed to the commandments inscribed on them, are called , \"\"Lukhot HaBrit\"\", meaning \"\"the tablets of the covenant\"\". Different religious traditions divide the seventeen verses of and their parallels at into ten \"\"commandments\"\" or \"\"sayings\"\" in different ways, shown in the table below. Some suggest that the number ten is a choice to aid memorization rather than a matter of theology. Traditions: The biblical narrative of the revelation at Sinai begins in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16981646",
"chunk_text": "\"Tablets of Stone\"\nTablets of Stone According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tables of the Law as they are widely known in English, or Tablets of Stone, Stone Tablets, or Tablets of Testimony (in Hebrew: לוחות הברית \"\"Luchot HaBrit\"\" - \"\"the tablets [of] the covenant\"\") in the Exodus 34:1, were the two pieces of stone inscribed with the Ten Commandments when Moses ascended Mount Sinai as written in the Book of Exodus. Exodus 31:18 refers to the tablets as the \"\"Tablets of (the) Testimony\"\". According to the biblical narrative there were two sets of tablets. The first, inscribed by God, () were smashed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19687981",
"chunk_text": "Tabernacle\nIsraelite tribes would camp, oriented to the east as the east side had no frames. In the center of this enclosure was a rectangular sanctuary draped with goat-hair curtains, with the roof made from rams' skins. Beyond this curtain was the cube-shaped inner room, the \"\"Holy of Holies\"\". This area housed the Ark of the Covenant, inside which were the two stone tablets brought down from Mount Sinai by Moses on which were written the Ten Commandments, a golden urn holding the \"\"manna\"\", and Aaron's rod which had budded and borne ripe almonds. (, , , .) Twice a day,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "9739112",
"chunk_text": "Tabot\nTabot Tabot (Ge'ez ታቦት \"\"tābōt\"\", sometimes spelled tabout) is a Ge'ez (that is, an Ethiopian Semitic language) word referring to a replica of the Tablets of Law, onto which the Biblical Ten Commandments were inscribed, used in the practices of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. \"\"Tabot\"\" can also refer to a replica of the Ark of the Covenant. The word tsellat (Ge'ez: ጽላት \"\"ṣallāt\"\", modern ṣellāt) refers only to a replica of the Tablets, but is less commonly used. According to Edward Ullendorff, the Ge'ez word \"\"tabot\"\" is derived from the Aramaic word \"\"tebuta\"\" (\"\"tebota\"\"), like the Hebrew word \"\"tebah\"\". \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5161072",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Sinai\"\nmountain has a mosque that is still used by Muslims. It also has a Greek Orthodox chapel, constructed in 1934 on the ruins of a 16th-century church, that is not open to the public. The chapel encloses the rock which is considered to be the source for the biblical Tablets of Stone. At the summit also is \"\"Moses' cave\"\", where Moses was said to have waited to receive the Ten Commandments. Mount Sinai Mount Sinai (, \"\"Har Sinai\"\"; or ; or ; ; ), also known as Mount Horeb or Gabal Musa, is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5969994",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\nstruggles in the priesthood. The writer has Moses smash the tablets \"\"because this raised doubts about the Judah's central religious shrine\"\". According to Kaufmann, the Decalogue and the book of the covenant represent two ways of manifesting God's presence in Israel: the Ten Commandments taking the archaic and material form of stone tablets kept in the ark of the covenant, while the book of the covenant took oral form to be recited to the people. Quranic reference to the ten commandments can be found in chapter 2 verses 83 and 84 \"\"And [recall] when We took the covenant from the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9739115",
"chunk_text": "Tabot\nof St. John's Episcopal Church in Edinburgh, was a cause of public rejoicing in Addis Ababa. Another was returned in 2003 after Dr. Ian McLennan recognised the ancient \"\"tabot\"\" at an auction in London. He bought it and donated it to the government of Ethiopia. Tabot Tabot (Ge'ez ታቦት \"\"tābōt\"\", sometimes spelled tabout) is a Ge'ez (that is, an Ethiopian Semitic language) word referring to a replica of the Tablets of Law, onto which the Biblical Ten Commandments were inscribed, used in the practices of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. \"\"Tabot\"\" can also refer to a replica of the Ark of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18123801",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Horeb\"\nHoreb is disputed. Jewish and Christian scholars have advanced varying opinions as to its whereabouts since biblical times. Elijah is described in as traveling to Horeb, in a way which implies that its position was familiar when that was written, but there are no biblical references set any later in time. Mount Horeb Mount Horeb, Hebrew: , Greek in the Septuagint: , Latin in the Vulgate: \"\"\"\", is the mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. It is described in two places (, ) as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12893526",
"chunk_text": "\"Be'eroth Bene-Jaakan\"\nBe'eroth Bene-Jaakan Be'eroth Bene-Jaakan (, ) also known as Be'eroth, Bene Jaakan or Bene-Jaakan, \"\"the wells of the children of Jaakan\"\", is one of the places the Israelites stopped at during their Exodus journey to the Promised Land. According to , the Israelites \"\"departed from Moseroth and camped at Bene Jaakan, and then moved from Bene Jaakan and camped at Hor Hagidgad\"\", but according to , \"\"the children of Israel journeyed from the wells of Bene Jaakan to Moserah\"\" (or Mosera) after the second occasion when Moses had been given the Ten Commandments inscribed on two tablets of stone. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19687987",
"chunk_text": "Tabernacle\ntabernacle's meaning is not tied in with the golden calf, but instead symbolizes higher mystical lessons that symbolize God's constant closeness to the Children of Israel. Synagogue construction over the last two thousand years has followed the outlines of the original tabernacle. Every synagogue has at its front an ark, \"\"aron kodesh\"\", containing the Torah scrolls, comparable to the Ark of the Covenant which contained the tablets with Ten Commandments. This is the holiest spot in a synagogue, equivalent to the Holy of Holies. There is also usually a constantly lighted lamp, \"\"Ner tamid\"\", or a candelabrum, lighted during services,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5161064",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Sinai\"\nMount Sinai Mount Sinai (, \"\"Har Sinai\"\"; or ; or ; ; ), also known as Mount Horeb or Gabal Musa, is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai, which is considered a holy site by the Abrahamic religions. Mount Sinai is mentioned many times in the Book of Exodus and other books of the Bible, and the Quran. According to Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition, the biblical Mount Sinai was the place where Moses received the Ten Commandments. Mount Sinai is a moderately high mountain near the city",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3066762",
"chunk_text": "\"Jade Books in Heaven\"\n('Foundling'), the demonic scribe. According to traditional teachings of Judaism in the Talmud, the Ten Commandments were engraved on blue sapphire stone as a symbolic reminder of the sky, the heavens, and ultimately of God's throne. Many Torah scholars, however, have opined that the Biblical \"\"sapir\"\" was, in fact, the lapis lazuli (see Exodus 24:10, lapis lazuli is a possible alternate rendering of \"\"sapphire\"\" the stone pavement under God's feet when the intention to craft the tablets of the covenant is disclosed Exodus 24:12). In Muslim mystical lore, the archangel ʼIsrafʼil is owner of a \"\"jewelled tablet of fate\"\". \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20726397",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\nin different ways in the classical Jewish tradition. Rabbi Hanina ben Gamaliel says that each tablet contained five commandments, \"\"but the Sages say ten on one tablet and ten on the other\"\", that is, that the tablets were duplicates. This can be compared to diplomatic treaties of the ancient Near East, in which a copy was made for each party. According to the Talmud, the compendium of traditional Rabbinic Jewish law, tradition, and interpretation, one interpretation of the biblical verse \"\"the tablets were written on both their sides\"\", is that the carving went through the full thickness of the tablets,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2415173",
"chunk_text": "\"Ark of the Covenant\"\nArk of the Covenant The Ark of the Covenant (), also known as the Ark of the Testimony, is a gold-covered wooden chest with lid cover described in the Book of Exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments. According to various texts within the Hebrew Bible, it also contained Aaron's rod and a pot of manna. Hebrews 9:4 describes: \"\"The ark of the covenant [was] covered on all sides with gold, in which was a golden jar holding the manna, and Aaron's rod which budded, and the tables of the covenant.\"\" The biblical account relates that,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5969996",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\nthe Ten Commandments after the Reformation. In England, such \"\"Decalogue boards\"\" also represented the English monarch's emphasis on rule of royal law within the churches. The United States Constitution forbids establishment of religion by law; however images of Moses holding the tablets of the Decalogue, along other religious figures including Solomon, Confucius, and Mohamed holding the Qur'an, are sculpted on the north and south friezes of the pediment of the Supreme Court building in Washington. Images of the Ten Commandments have long been contested symbols for the relationship of religion to national law. In the 1950s and 1960s the Fraternal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18123795",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Horeb\"\nMount Horeb Mount Horeb, Hebrew: , Greek in the Septuagint: , Latin in the Vulgate: \"\"\"\", is the mountain at which the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. It is described in two places (, ) as the \"\"Mountain of God\"\". The mountain is also called the Mountain of YHWH. In other biblical passages, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Sinai. Although most scholars consider Sinai and Horeb to have been different names for the same place, there is a minority body of opinion that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13968730",
"chunk_text": "Moses\nhis life. Moses returned to carry out God's command, but God caused the Pharaoh to refuse, and only after God had subjected Egypt to ten plagues did the Pharaoh relent. Moses led the Israelites to the border of Egypt, but there God hardened the Pharaoh's heart once more, so that he could destroy the Pharaoh and his army at the Red Sea Crossing as a sign of his power to Israel and the nations. From Egypt, Moses led the Israelites to biblical Mount Sinai, where he was given the Ten Commandments from God, written on stone tablets. However, since Moses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "513156",
"chunk_text": "Israelites\nof building. Moses descends from the mountain forty days later with the Sefer Torah he wrote, and with two rectangular lapis lazuli tablets, into which Yahweh had carved the Ten Commandments in Paleo–Hebrew. In his absence, Aaron has constructed an image of Yahweh, depicting him as a young Golden Calf, and has presented it to the Israelites, declaring \"\"Behold O Israel, this is your god who brought you out of the land of Egypt\"\". Moses smashes the two tablets and grinds the golden calf into dust, then throws the dust into a stream of water flowing out of Mount Sinai,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19687972",
"chunk_text": "Tabernacle\nTabernacle According to the Tanakh and Old Testament, the tabernacle (, \"\"mishkan\"\", meaning \"\"residence\"\" or \"\"dwelling place\"\") was the portable dwelling (temple) of Yahweh (God) used by the children of Israel from the Exodus until the conquest of Canaan. It was constructed of woven layers of curtains and wood, and richly furnished with valuable materials taken from Egypt. Moses was instructed at Mount Sinai to construct and transport the tabernacle with the Israelites on their journey through the wilderness and their subsequent conquest of the Promised Land. After 440 years, Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem superseded it as the dwelling-place of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19687990",
"chunk_text": "Tabernacle\nTabernacle According to the Tanakh and Old Testament, the tabernacle (, \"\"mishkan\"\", meaning \"\"residence\"\" or \"\"dwelling place\"\") was the portable dwelling (temple) of Yahweh (God) used by the children of Israel from the Exodus until the conquest of Canaan. It was constructed of woven layers of curtains and wood, and richly furnished with valuable materials taken from Egypt. Moses was instructed at Mount Sinai to construct and transport the tabernacle with the Israelites on their journey through the wilderness and their subsequent conquest of the Promised Land. After 440 years, Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem superseded it as the dwelling-place of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18336326",
"chunk_text": "\"Terumah (parsha)\"\nto those responsible for building them. In one Middle Babylonian document, a clay model of the statue of the god Shamash was miraculously discovered near the Euphrates, which showed long-missing information about how the statue was to look and what clothing was to adorn it, allowing the Babylonian king to then make a new statue. Alter wrote that the instruction of to place the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments in the Tabernacle reflected a common ancient Near Eastern practice of placing documents of solemn contracts within sacred precincts. Alter wrote that the term \"\"cherubim\"\" (, \"\"keruvim\"\") in is derived",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16981648",
"chunk_text": "\"Tablets of Stone\"\nfeet when the intention to craft the tablets of the covenant is disclosed ). According to the bible, both the first shattered set and the second unbroken set were stored in the Ark of the Covenant (the \"\"Aron Habrit\"\" in Hebrew). In recent centuries the tablets have been popularly described and depicted as round-topped rectangles but this has little basis in religious tradition. According to rabbinic tradition, they were rectangles, with sharp corners, and indeed they are so depicted in the 3rd century paintings at the Dura-Europos Synagogue and in Christian art throughout the 1st millennium, drawing on Jewish traditions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16981651",
"chunk_text": "\"Tablets of Stone\"\nthe Sages say ten on one tablet and ten on the other\"\". Because the commandments establish a covenant, it is likely that they were duplicated on both tablets. This can be compared to diplomatic treaties of Ancient Egypt, in which a copy was made for each party. But the tablets may have contained not only the Ten Commandments but also additional precepts and words as can be inferred from the verses Exodus 31:18, Exodus 34:1, Exodus 34:27-28. Replicas of the tablets, known as tabots or sellats, are a vital part of the practice of Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which claims that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18377613",
"chunk_text": "\"Biblical Mount Sinai\"\nBiblical Mount Sinai According to the Book of Exodus, Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הר סיני, \"\"Har Sinai\"\") is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. In the Book of Deuteronomy, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Horeb. \"\"Sinai\"\" and \"\"Horeb\"\" are generally considered to refer to the same place by scholars. Hebrew Bible texts describe the theophany at Mount Sinai in terms which a minority of scholars, following Charles Beke (1873), have suggested may literally describe the mountain as a volcano and have led to a search for alternative locations. According to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17124226",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\nselect group consisting of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and \"\"seventy of the elders of Israel\"\" to a location on the mount where they worshipped \"\"afar off\"\" and they \"\"saw the God of Israel\"\" above a \"\"paved work\"\" like clear sapphire stone. The mount was covered by the cloud for six days, and on the seventh day Moses went into the midst of the cloud and was \"\"in the mount forty days and forty nights.\"\" And Moses said, \"\"the delivered unto me two tablets of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5912159",
"chunk_text": "\"Biblical Mount Sinai\"\nancient peoples, from the locations where the majority of scholars currently place them. Biblical Mount Sinai According to the Book of Exodus, Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הר סיני, \"\"Har Sinai\"\") is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. In the Book of Deuteronomy, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Horeb. \"\"Sinai\"\" and \"\"Horeb\"\" are generally considered to refer to the same place by scholars. Hebrew Bible texts describe the theophany at Mount Sinai in terms which a minority of scholars, following Charles Beke (1873), have suggested may literally describe the mountain as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9388682",
"chunk_text": "\"Har Karkom\"\nmountain of God on the basis of ecological factors. Another problem for Anati’s theory is that if this mountain marks the place where Israel received the tablets with the ten commandments, in what language would they have been written between 2200 and 2000 b.c.? The Canaanite alphabetic script, from which the Hebrew script was borrowed, was still developing around 1800 b.c. Har Karkom Har Karkom ( \"\"Mountain of Saffron\"\", also called Jabal Ideid) is a mountain in the southwest Negev desert in Israel, half way between Petra and Kadesh Barnea. On the basis that the Israelites travelled across the Sinai",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19324228",
"chunk_text": "\"Tablets of Stone\"\nthe original Ark of the Covenant is kept in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Axum. The Quran states that \"\"tablets\"\" were given to Moses, without quoting their contents explicitly: These tablets are not broken in the Quran, but picked up later: Tablets of Stone According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tables of the Law as they are widely known in English, or Tablets of Stone, Stone Tablets, or Tablets of Testimony (in Hebrew: לוחות הברית \"\"Luchot HaBrit\"\" - \"\"the tablets [of] the covenant\"\") in the Exodus 34:1, were the two pieces of stone inscribed with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11281956",
"chunk_text": "\"B'nai Israel Synagogue (Council Bluffs, Iowa)\"\ndetermined to remain in place and recruited new members. In 1989 Rabbi Sharon Steifel became the first Reconstructionist rabbi at B'nai Israel. The exterior of the synagogue is covered in polychrome, rough-cast brick. Classical entablature and galvanized iron cornice top the building. The building sits on a raised basement and the three doorways into the sanctuary are reached by a set of concrete steps. Inset panels of the Star of David and the tablets of the Ten Commandments inscribed in Hebrew are located above the doors. The interior is two stories tall with a balcony, which had been reduced in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17919036",
"chunk_text": "\"Living Torah Museum\"\nin 2014. Originally a separate museum that opened in 2008, an exhibit on animals of the Bible and Talmud, known as the Torah Animal World merged with the main museum in 2014. It is also home to examples of Biblical and Talmudic archaeological artifacts and antique Judaica and Jewish books. The museum was home to the world's oldest known example of a stone tablet inscribed with the Ten Commandments until it was sold at auction for $850,000 in November 2016. Living Torah Museum The Living Torah Museum is a group of Orthodox Jewish museums that opened in 2002 and drew",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7651042",
"chunk_text": "\"Holy of Holies\"\nHoly of Holies The Holy of Holies (Tiberian Hebrew: \"\"Qṓḏeš HaQŏḏāšîm\"\") is a term in the Hebrew Bible which refers to the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle where God's presence appeared. The Ark according to Hebrew Scripture contained the Ten Commandments, which were given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. The area was defined by four pillars which held up the veil of the covering, under which the Ark of the Covenant was held above the floor. King Solomon built the Temple in Jerusalem, where the Ark of the Covenant was supposed to be kept. The Crusaders associated it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16627010",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\n\"\"only\"\" the Ten Commandments were handed down at Mount Sinai rather than the whole Torah. In later centuries rabbis continued to omit the Ten Commandments from daily liturgy in order to prevent a confusion among Jews that they are \"\"only\"\" bound by the Ten Commandments, and not also by many other biblical and Talmudic laws, such as the requirement to observe holy days other than the sabbath. Today, the Ten Commandments are heard in the synagogue three times a year: as they come up during the readings of Exodus and Deuteronomy, and during the festival of Shavuot. The Exodus version",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5969955",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments\"\nme.\"\" According to Jewish tradition, constitutes God's first recitation and inscription of the ten commandments on the two tablets, which Moses broke in anger with his rebellious nation, and were later rewritten on replacement stones and placed in the ark of the covenant; and consists of God's re-telling of the Ten Commandments to the younger generation who were to enter the Promised Land. The passages in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 contain more than ten imperative statements, totalling 14 or 15 in all. The Ten Commandments concern matters of fundamental importance in Judaism and Christianity: the greatest obligation (to worship",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19368442",
"chunk_text": "\"Thou shalt not covet\"\nThou shalt not covet \"\"Thou shalt not covet\"\" is the most common translation of one (or two, depending on the numbering tradition) of the Ten Commandments or Decalogue, which are widely understood as moral imperatives by legal scholars, Jewish scholars, Catholic scholars, and Protestant scholars. The Book of Exodus and the Book of Deuteronomy both describe the Ten Commandments as having been spoken by God, inscribed on two stone tablets by the finger of God, and, after Moses broke the original tablets, rewritten by God on replacements. In traditions that consider the passage a single commandment, the full text reads:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14472656",
"chunk_text": "\"Newark Holy Stones\"\ncondensed version of the Ten Commandments. The name Decalogue Stone, comes from the translation of the Hebrew letters that outline the religious and moral codes described in Exodus 20:2-17 and Deuteronomy 5:6-21, which refer to the Decalogue or Ten Commandments. The inscription begins on the front at the top of an arch above the figure of a bearded man who is wearing a turban, robe, and appears to be holding a tablet. It runs down the left side, continues around all sides, and makes its way back to the front up the right side to where it began. This pattern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4246221",
"chunk_text": "\"Middot (Talmud)\"\nMiddot (Talmud) Tractate Middot (, lit. \"\"Measurements\"\") is the tenth tractate of \"\"Seder Kodashim\"\" (\"\"Order of Holies\"\") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. This tractate describes the dimensions and the arrangement of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and the Second Temple buildings and courtyards, various gates, the altar of sacrifice and its surroundings, and the places where the Priests and Levites kept watch in the Temple. The tractate is divided into five chapters and has no Gemara either in the Jerusalem Talmud or the Babylonian Talmud, nor a Tosefta. This tractate describes the details and measurements of a hill",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "930903",
"chunk_text": "\"Adath Shalom (Philadelphia)\"\nproperty and building for sale. In February 2018, they sold it to the Penh Investment Penn LLC development company. The Temple retained many of its Jewish decorative elements. The Temple retained the two tablets of the Ten Commandments over the main entrance. The main sanctuary ceiling still had the mural of the zodiac with their names in Hebrew. The former synagogue's women's balcony stands, repurposed as a gallery for Buddhist funeral urns. Adath Shalom (Philadelphia) Adath Shalom Syagogue was located in the Whitman neighborhood of South Philadelphia. Its former building at Marshall and Ritner Streets was most recently used as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8840115",
"chunk_text": "\"Knesset Menorah\"\nAmalek\"\" is seen as relevant to all generations. There is also a powerful theological message which appears in the Mishnah Rosh Hashanah (3:8): \"\" And is it Moshe’s hands that make [success in] war or break [success in] war? Rather, [this comes to] tell you, [that] whenever Israel would look upward and subjugate their hearts to their Father in heaven, they would prevail; and if not, they would fall.\"\" The Ten Commandments appear on the Menorah in their traditional form of two rectangular tablets with rounded tops. Written on the tablets are the Ten Commandments as given at Mount Sinai",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9991557",
"chunk_text": "\"Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet\"\nsent via Arad-Banitu the eunuch to [the temple] Esangila: Arad-Banitu has delivered [it] to Esangila. In the presence of Bel-usat, son of Alpaya, the royal bodyguard, [and of] Nadin, son of Marduk-zer-ibni. Month XI, day 18, year 10 [of] Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. Archaeologists unearthed the tablet in the ancient city of Sippar (about a mile from modern Baghdad) in the 1870s. The British Museum acquired it in 1920, but it had remained in storage unpublished until Michael Jursa (associate professor at the University of Vienna) discovered its relevance to biblical history. He noted that both the name and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3242172",
"chunk_text": "\"Ten Commandments Monument (Little Rock, Arkansas)\"\nTen Commandments Monument (Little Rock, Arkansas) The Ten Commandments Monument is an outdoor monument installed on the Arkansas State Capitol grounds in Little Rock, Arkansas, in the United States. The monument is being challenged as unconstitutional by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). The ACLU says that the monument demonstrates a religious preference, violating the First Amendment and the religious preference prohibiton clause of the Arkansas State Constitution. The monument was erected on the Arkansas State Capitol grounds on 27 June 2017. The monument was destroyed within 24 hours of its installation. The man who rammed the monument with his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8345100",
"chunk_text": "\"Ki Tissa\"\na most precious thing that God possessed — the World To Come. When Israel asked to see in this world an example of the World To Come, God replied that the Sabbath is an example of the World To Come. The Mishnah taught that the two Tablets of the Ten Commandments that God gave Moses in were among ten things that God created on the eve of the first Sabbath at twilight. Rabbi Meir taught that the stone Tablets that God gave Moses in were each 6 handbreadths long, 6 handbreadths wide, and 3 handbreadths thick. Rabbi Simeon ben Lakish",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18218184",
"chunk_text": "\"Solomon's Temple\"\nthe Holy Place overlaid with gold (2 Chr. 4:22); also a veil of tekhelet (blue), purple, and crimson and fine linen (2 Chronicles 3:14; compare Exodus 26:33). It had no windows (1 Kings 8:12) and was considered the dwelling-place of the \"\"name\"\" of God. The \"\"Kodesh haKodashim\"\" (the Holy of Holies) was prepared to receive and house the Ark (1 Kings 6:19); and when the Temple was dedicated, the Ark, containing the original tablets of the Ten Commandments, was placed beneath the cherubim (1 Kings 8:6). The \"\"Hekhal\"\", or Holy Place, (1 Kings 8:8–10), is also called the \"\"greater house\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20540480",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ten Commandments (1956 film)\"\nmountain with Joshua. Impatiently, Dathan urges a reluctant Aaron to construct a golden calf idol as a gift for Rameses. A wild and decadent orgy is held by most of the Hebrews. Moses sees the Ten Commandments created by God in two stone tablets. Moses descends from the mountain to the sight of decadence. Enraged, he throws the tablets at the golden calf, which explodes, killing the wicked revelers, and causing the others to wander in the wilderness for 40 years. Forty years later, an elderly Moses leads the Hebrews towards Canaan. However, he could not enter the Promised land",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13968779",
"chunk_text": "Moses\nB.C.) Hebrew prophet and lawgiver; transformed a wandering people into a nation; received the Ten Commandments.\"\" The other twenty-two figures have their profiles turned to Moses, which is the only forward-facing bas-relief. Moses appears eight times in carvings that ring the Supreme Court Great Hall ceiling. His face is presented along with other ancient figures such as Solomon, the Greek god Zeus and the Roman goddess of wisdom, Minerva. The Supreme Court Building's east pediment depicts Moses holding two tablets. Tablets representing the Ten Commandments can be found carved in the oak courtroom doors, on the support frame of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1566424",
"chunk_text": "\"Siena synagogue\"\nof worship identifiable from the street, the stone facade of the four story building is plain, resembling neighboring residential buildings. The sanctuary is located on the first floor (one flight up from street level). It has an elaborate neoclassical interior, with a lofty baroque ceiling featuring a large crowned tablet of the Ten Commandments enthroned in clouds of glory. Two tiers of balconies on the building's third and fourth stories have views into the room through elaborate baroque grills. Furniture is arranged in the historic style of the Italian Jewish community, with the bimah in the center of the room.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9586924",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ten Commandments (miniseries)\"\nan escape route. When the Hebrews make it to the other side, Moses closes the separated waters, drowning the pursuing Egyptians — including Menerith. The Hebrews witness Moses weeping over Menerith, whom he later gives a proper burial. Moses climbs the mountain to receive God's commandments in the form of two stone tablets. However, when he descends, he finds that many of the Hebrews have built a golden calf and created an orgy. Moses destroys the tablets and the idol in a fit of rage and orders the deaths of the wicked revelers. After a brutal fight that leaves many",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5060386",
"chunk_text": "Synagogue\ntowards Jerusalem. Occasionally synagogues face other directions for structural reasons; in such cases, some individuals might turn to face Jerusalem when standing for prayers, but the congregation as a whole does not. The Ark is reminiscent of the Ark of the Covenant, which held the tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments. This is the holiest spot in a synagogue, equivalent to the Holy of Holies. The Ark is often closed with an ornate curtain, the , which hangs outside or inside the ark doors. Other traditional features include a continually lit lamp or lantern, usually electric in contemporary synagogues, called",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "513159",
"chunk_text": "Israelites\nHoly of Holies, above the Ark of the Covenant, which houses the Ten Commandments. Moses sends spies to scout out the Land of Canaan, and the Israelites are commanded to go up and conquer the land, but they refuse, due to their fear of warfare and violence. In response, Yahweh condemns the entire generation, including Moses, who is condemned for striking the rock at Meribah, to exile and death in the Sinai desert. Before Moses dies he gives a speech to the Israelites where he paraphrases a summary of the mizwoth given to them by Yahweh, and recites a prophetic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_857
|
when did the right to buy scheme start?
|
n/a
|
[
"1980"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15932820",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nRight to Buy The Right to Buy scheme is a policy in the United Kingdom (with the exception of Scotland since 1 August 2016) which gives secure tenants of councils and some housing associations the legal right to buy, at a large discount, the council house they are living in. There is also a Right to Acquire for assured tenants of housing association homes built with public subsidy after 1997, at a smaller discount. About 1,500,000 homes in the UK have been sold in this manner since the introduction of the scheme in 1980. Supporters claim that the programme has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15932842",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nforced to sell, sometimes at many times the original price. Housing charities criticised the lack of investment in affordable housing. Right to Buy The Right to Buy scheme is a policy in the United Kingdom (with the exception of Scotland since 1 August 2016) which gives secure tenants of councils and some housing associations the legal right to buy, at a large discount, the council house they are living in. There is also a Right to Acquire for assured tenants of housing association homes built with public subsidy after 1997, at a smaller discount. About 1,500,000 homes in the UK",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1855405",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nHowever, at the 1987 general election, the Conservative government warned voters that a Labour government would still abolish the scheme. When Labour returned to power at the 1997 general election, it reduced the discount available to tenants in local authorities which had severe pressure on their housing stock; this included almost the whole of London. The Right to Buy rules were changed in 2005. Five years' tenancy was now required for new tenants to qualify, and properties purchased after January 2005 could no longer immediately be placed on the open market should the owner decide to sell. Such owners now",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13345845",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nbuy council housing a Conservative Party policy nationally. The policy was largely in place for the 1974 Conservative manifesto, but did not prove an asset in the two general elections that year because of high interest and mortgage repayment rates, as well as the growth of negative equity as house prices fell. In the meantime, council house sales to tenants began to increase. Some 7,000 were sold to their tenants during 1970; this soared to more than 45,000 in 1972. After Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister in May 1979, the legislation to implement the Right to Buy was passed in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14139122",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\n5 years to 3 years (edited rbcdd3117 in 2018) At the 2011 Conservative Party Conference, David Cameron proposed to increase Right to Buy discounts in order to revitalise the housing market and generate receipts which could be spent on new housing. Social housing professionals expressed concerns over the proposal. As of 2 April 2012, the Right to Buy discount was increased to a maximum of £75,000 or 60% of the house value (70% for a flat) depending on which is lower. In March 2013, the maximum discount in London was increased to £100,000. The maximum amount of discount changes annually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11523300",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nthan spending it on building more homes. The effect was to reduce the council housing stock, especially in areas where property prices were high, such as London and the south-east of England. 200,000 council houses were sold to their tenants in 1982. By 1987, more than 1,000,000 council houses in the UK had been sold to their tenants, although the number of council houses purchased by tenants declined during the 1990s. The Labour Party was initially against the sales, and pledged to oppose them at the 1983 general election, but then dropped its official opposition to the scheme in 1985.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12717753",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nif enacted extend right-to-buy to housing association tenants. In July 2013, the Scottish Government confirmed that Right to Buy would be abolished in Scotland from 2017. It was in the end abolished as a part of the Housing (Scotland) Act 2014 from 1 August 2016. In the summer of 2017, the Welsh Government proposed a law to abolish Right to Buy in Wales. This law was passed by the Welsh Assembly in December 2017, and the scheme will effectively end on 26 January 2019. The Right to Buy scheme has been criticised for the following reasons: A report published in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8711562",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nis a maximum of £80,900.00 from April 2018 (rbcdd3117) The aim of the scheme is, for every additional home sold, a new home will be built for 'affordable rent' at up to 80% of market rent, aimed at maintaining the level of affordable housing while also increasing the number of properties available for those on the waiting list. The five year tenancy criterion will remain, and should the property be sold within the first five years of the original sale, part or all of the discount will be required to be paid back. The Housing and Planning Bill 2016 will",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2854591",
"chunk_text": "\"Help to Buy\"\nHelp to Buy Help to Buy is the name of a government programme in the United Kingdom that aims to help first time buyers, and those looking to move home, purchase residential property. It was announced in Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne's 2013 budget speech, and was described as \"\"the biggest government intervention in the housing market since the Right to Buy scheme\"\" of the 1980s. It is an extension of a previous programme called FirstBuy that was aimed solely at first-time buyers. Help to Buy has itself been expanded and extended. Subject to restrictions, which in some cases",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11523296",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nthe Housing Act 1980. Michael Heseltine, in his role as Secretary of State for the Environment, was in charge of implementing the legislation. Some 6,000,000 people were affected; about one in three actually purchased their housing unit. Heseltine noted that \"\"no single piece of legislation has enabled the transfer of so much capital wealth from the state to the people\"\". He said the right to buy had two main objectives: to give people what they wanted, and to reverse the trend of ever-increasing dominance of the state over the life of the individual. He said: \"\"There is in this country",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15932821",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\ngiven millions of households a tangible asset, secured their families' finances and—by releasing cash to repay local authority debt—helped improve the public finances. Critics claim that the policy compounded a housing shortage for people of low income, initiated a national house price bubble, and led ultimately to what is commonly recognised as the displacement and social cleansing of traditional communities. Individual local authorities have always had the ability to sell council houses to their tenants, but until the early 1970s such sales were extremely rare. The Labour Party initially proposed the idea of the right of tenants to own the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12717748",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nhad to approach their previous landlord (council or housing association) and offer them \"\"first right of refusal\"\". If the previous landlord was no longer in existence, for example in cases where the former landlord was a registered social landlord that has ceased business, then the property had to first be offered to the local housing authority. The time in which a Right to Buy conveyance should take place was reduced from 12 months to 3 months. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) now governed and regulated most types of mortgage-selling. The FCA's governance of Right to Buy purchases was partly to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5447877",
"chunk_text": "\"Housing in the United Kingdom\"\nto power in 1951, they made housing a high priority and oversaw 2,500,000 new units, two-thirds of them through local councils. Haste made for dubious quality, and policy increasingly shifted toward renovation rather than new builds. Slums were cleared, opening the way for gentrification in the inner cities. Working-class families proved eager to purchase their council homes when the Thatcher ministry introduced the \"\"Right to Buy\"\" scheme in 1980, alongside restricting the construction of new council houses. According to a 2018 study in the \"\"Economic History Review\"\", the ‘stop-go’ macroeconomic policy framework adopted by the Treasury and the Bank of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2854594",
"chunk_text": "\"Help to Buy\"\nto Buy was announced in the 2013 budget and launched on 1 April. Phase two was rolled out in October 2013. In the 2014 budget, phase one, which as originally intended to run till 2017, was extended until 2020, though phase two was not extended. One goal of phase one of the programme was of course to continue helping first-time buyers onto the property ladder by facilitating the purchase of new-build. By doing so, and by also helping existing home-owners to buy new-build, demand for new-build would increase. George Osborne claimed that, by increasing demand for new-build, the supply side",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11523298",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nby tenants and also to encourage take-up. According to a government survey in 1988, the average discount that had been offered was 44%. Mortgages involved no downpayments. The legislation gave council tenants the right to buy their council house at a discounted value, depending on how long they had been living in the house, with the proviso that if they sold their house before a minimum period had expired they would have to pay back a proportion of the discount. The sales were an attractive deal for tenants; hundreds of thousands of homes were sold. The policy became one of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8711552",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nhouse they live in, in their manifesto for the 1959 general election which they subsequently lost. Later, the Conservative-controlled Greater London Council (GLC) of the late 1960s was persuaded by Horace Cutler, its Chairman of Housing, to create a general sales scheme. Cutler disagreed with the concept of local authorities as providers of housing, and supported a free-market approach. GLC housing sales were not allowed during the Labour administration of the mid-1970s, but picked up again once Cutler became Leader in 1977. They proved extremely popular. Cutler was close to Margaret Thatcher (MP for Finchley) who made the right to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20850920",
"chunk_text": "\"Affordable housing by country\"\nhousing. In 1980, the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher introduced the Right to Buy scheme, offering council tenants the opportunity to purchase their housing at a discount of up to 60% (70% on leasehold homes such as flats). Alongside Right to Buy, council-owned stock was further diminished as properties were transferred to housing associations. Council Tenants in some instances have chosen to transfer management of the properties to arms-length non-profit organisations. The tenants still remained Council tenants, and the housing stock still remained the property of the Council. This change in management was encouraged by extra funding from central government",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15130832",
"chunk_text": "\"Northern Ireland Housing Executive\"\nwas 2.4%. The Thatcher government's pro-private sector orientation had a significant effect on the Housing Executive. A right to buy policy, allowing tenants to buy their homes at discounted prices, was introduced in 1979. Derelict houses were sold on the open market, for prices as low as £100, accompanied by loans and grants to help buyers renovate them. The Housing Executive piloted a joint ownership scheme, which led to the foundation of the Northern Ireland Co-Ownership Housing Association. In 1991 the Housing Executive owned 170,000 dwellings in Northern Ireland. By 2016, the housing stock had reduced to less than 90,000.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10944466",
"chunk_text": "\"Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004\"\ntook over 18 months to negotiate its passage through Parliament and required special dispensation both to be carried over from one Parliamentary session to another and to prevent it being lost on one occasion due to an error in the wording of a Commons motion. The Bill was introduced in the House of Commons in December 2002. It was re-committed to Commons Committee to allow the inclusion of significant new material relating to the removal of Crown Immunity and Compulsory Purchase and carried over to the current session. The Act received Royal Assent on 13 May 2004 and came into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6462760",
"chunk_text": "\"Help to Buy\"\nhomeowners, and property developers, rather than the buyer. In 2013, UK house prices started to take off, with some saying laying the blame at the door of Help to Buy. At the end of November that year, as Mark Carney announced that mortgages and other consumer loans would not be eligible for his Funding for Lending Scheme from the start of 2014, Nouriel Roubini warned of a housing bubble in London. Since the scheme's introduction, property developer Taylor Wimpey has reported that their average asking price has increased by 22%. This is mainly because the \"\"help to buy equity loan\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15932828",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nthe major points of Thatcherism. The policy proved immediately popular. Some local Labour-controlled councils were opposed, but the legislation prevented them from blocking purchases, and gave them half the proceeds. Sales were much higher in the south and east of England than in inner London and northern England. Sales were restricted to general-needs housing; adapted properties and those built specifically for older people were exempted from the scheme. Half the proceeds of the sales were paid to the local authorities, but the government restricted authorities' use of most of the money to reducing their debt until it was cleared, rather",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12404272",
"chunk_text": "\"Housing Act 1980\"\nHousing Act 1980 The Housing Act 1980 was an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom that gave five million council house tenants in England and Wales the Right to Buy their house from their local authority. The Act came into force on the 3 October 1980 and is seen as a defining policy of Thatcherism. In Scotland the Right to Buy was provided by the Tenants' Rights, Etc. (Scotland) Act 1980 and for Northern Ireland it was left to the Housing Executive. Since the Housing and Town Planning Act 1919 the number of council houses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14139127",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nowned by private landlords, while the son of the late Ian Gow (Thatcher's sometime housing minister) owned some 40 houses. In 2015, Alan Murie concluded that \"\"the proposed extension of right-to-buy could not easily be reconciled with the independence and charitable status of housing associations\"\", and that \"\"extending the right-to-buy to housing association tenants revived a previous Parliamentary debate and raised questions about the legal position of charities and the risks faced by housing associations and their funders\"\". A 2017 BBC survey of council areas where waiting lists were rising showed the councils had bought back houses they had been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "166788",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nsolve the widespread problem of Right to Buy mis-selling from brokers and solicitors alike. Each had their own agenda and many were charging excessive fees which were then taken out of their client's discount. The above actions that have been taken coupled with the end of the boom period seem to have brought this problem under control. In 2009, the Localis think tank suggested, as part of a review of principles for social housing reform, that the right to buy should be extended into equity slivers, which could be part-earned through being a good tenant. The qualifying period changed from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12429976",
"chunk_text": "\"Compulsory purchase in England and Wales\"\n19th century, powers of compulsory purchase slowly became more transparent and used for general social welfare, as with the Public Health Act 1875, or the Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885. Compulsory purchase legislation was significantly extended during World War One for military use, and after the war for housing, as certain principles became standardised. Today, the Land Compensation Act 1961 section 5 generally requires that the owner of an interest in land (e.g. a freehold, leasehold or easement as in \"\"Re Ellenborough Park\"\") receives payment for the \"\"value of the land... if sold on an open market by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13345859",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nJanuary 2013 by London Assembly member Tom Copley, From Right to Buy to Buy to Let, showed that 36% of homes sold under Right to Buy in London (52,000 homes) were being rented by councils from private landlords, leading to criticisms that the scheme \"\"represents incredibly poor value for money to taxpayers\"\" since it \"\"helped to fuel the increase in the housing benefit bill, heaped more pressure on local authority waiting lists and led to more Londoners being forced into the under-regulated private rented sector\"\". A survey in 2013 showed around one third of Right to Buy houses were now",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12717751",
"chunk_text": "\"Right to Buy\"\nwef April 2017 it changed to £78,600.00 (edited 2018 rbc dd3117) The maximum right to buy discount increases each financial year in line with CPI as at the previous September (see separate document from the Right to Buy Team, Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. As the CPI in September 2017 was 3% the new maximum discounts for Redditch in respect of the financial year 2018/19 will be £80,900 and applies to all applications made by the tenant on or after 6 April 2018. Any applications made before then are processed using the current discounts (£78,600). In summary discount",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17503720",
"chunk_text": "\"Home Ownership Scheme\"\nand under construction. The first such plan was launched in 1978 and the first batch of flats became available in 1980, the first estates being Yuet Lai Court (悅麗苑) in Kwai Chung, Shun Chi Court (順緻苑) in Kwun Tong, Shan Tsui Court (山翠苑) in Chai Wan, Chun Man Court (俊民苑) in Ho Man Tin, Sui Wo Court (穗禾苑) in Sha Tin and Yue Fai Court (漁暉苑) in Aberdeen. In 1987, forecasting that the demand for home-ownership was on the rise, the Government launched a plan to redevelop the older housing estates, and introduced a greater choice of apartments available for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4061320",
"chunk_text": "\"First televised speech in the UK Parliament\"\nremember that the right-to-buy legislation was fiercely opposed by the Labour party. I was proud to have had a hand in extending the opportunities for home ownership in the Housing Act 1985. Last month, phase two of our district general hospital was opened. All the medical wards have been transferred from St. Mary's hospital, which was built in Napoleonic days, to our new hospital. I am pleased to be able to tell the House that our hospital has informed my right hon. and learned Friend the Secretary of State for Health of its intention to seek approval to become a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8376716",
"chunk_text": "\"Tenants Purchase Scheme\"\nTenants Purchase Scheme Tenants Purchase Scheme (; TPS) is a scheme which allows tenants in public housing estates under Hong Kong Housing Authority to purchase their flats. The price is set to be much lower than the market prices of private flats and Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) owing to the age of flats and restriction on selling. In November 2002, in response to a weak property market which was allegedly being distorted by public housing sales schemes, it was decided to terminate the TPS after the sale of the five estates under Phase 6B. The suspension of the HOS was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "642841",
"chunk_text": "Rent-to-own\nsimply returning the property (in a hire purchase the buyer has a limited time, if any, to cancel the agreement). The usage of rent-to-own transactions began in the United Kingdom and Europe, and first appeared in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. While rent-to-own terminology is most commonly associated with consumer goods transactions, the term is sometimes used in connection with real estate transactions. The concept of rent-to-own transactions first emerged in the United Kingdom and continental European countries under the hire purchase model. One of the first rent-to-own retail stores established in the U.K. was Lotus Radio,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6711527",
"chunk_text": "\"Compulsory purchase in England and Wales\"\nnecessary. However the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 section 226, which allows compulsory purchase to \"\"facilitate the carrying out of development, re-development or improvement\"\" for the area's economic, social, or environmental well being, must be confirmed by the Secretary of State, and similarly the Local Government Act 1972 section 121 requires the council seek approval from the government Minister, a time-consuming process which prevents compulsory purchase being carried out without co-ordination in central government. The most general power originally appeared in the Leasehold Reform Act 1967. Under that Act, the Leasehold Reform Act 1987, and the Leasehold Reform, Housing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16095721",
"chunk_text": "\"Purchase Tax\"\nPurchase Tax Purchase Tax was a tax levied between 1940 and 1973 on the wholesale value of luxury goods sold in the United Kingdom. Introduced on 21 October 1940, with the stated aim of reducing the wastage of raw materials during World War II, it was initially set at a rate of 33⅓%. The tax was subsequently set at differing rates dependent upon individual items' degree of \"\"luxury\"\" as determined by the government of the day. In connection with the accession of the UK to the European Economic Community (EU) Purchase Tax was abolished on 2 April 1973 and replaced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14758084",
"chunk_text": "\"Buy to let\"\nThe modern style 'buy-to-let' mortgage, was not available and the possibility of purchasing property as a means of funding a retirement income did not occur to most people. The infrastructure of loans, advice and information was not available. The critical change came with the Housing Act of 1988 when the assured shorthold tenancy came into being. This gave potential landlords and lenders the confidence that tenants would only reside in the property for a fixed period. Since the mid- to late 1990s, buy-to-let has grown strongly. According to the Council of Mortgage Lenders, lenders advanced more than 1.7 million buy-to-let",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9401438",
"chunk_text": "HomeFund\nHomeFund HomeFund was a scheme set up by the New South Wales state government and operated through co-operative housing societies that allowed people who would not otherwise be able to afford a home to take out loans that would allow them to purchase a home. The scheme was especially targeted at public housing tenants. The scheme was originally set up by the Labor Party government of Neville Wran in the mid-1980s. Problems started to emerge when the then-new Coalition government of Nick Greiner raised public housing rents and started to market more aggressively toward public housing tenants, with some people",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17212901",
"chunk_text": "\"Home Ownership Scheme\"\npurchase by public housing tenants. A Home Purchase Loan Scheme was introduced with, initially, a quota of 2,000 loans of HK$50,000 interest-free to make the downpayment on their new private-sector homes. In December 1991, there was a huge rush to buy 6,452 Housing Authority properties in 17 projects. Flats were to be sold at a discount of 40%, the most attractive for several years. In 2000, the scheme was caught up in a short-piling scandal which resulted in the resignation of Housing Authority Chief Rosanna Wong, and a censure for Housing Director Tony Miller. The construction of 2 blocks of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17212897",
"chunk_text": "\"Home Ownership Scheme\"\nHome Ownership Scheme The Home Ownership Scheme (HOS; ) is a subsidized-sale programme of public housing in Hong Kong managed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority. It was instituted in the late 1970s as part of the government policy for public housing with two aims - to encourage better-off tenants of rental flats to vacate those flats for re-allocation to families in greater housing need; and also to provide an opportunity for home ownership to families unable to afford to buy in the private sector. Under the scheme, the government sells apartment flats to eligible public housing tenants and to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6972453",
"chunk_text": "\"Consumer Credit Act 1974\"\nAct 1927, the idea of hire-purchase developed. These were first regulated by the Hire-Purchase and Small Debt (Scotland) Act 1932, which only covered Scotland; England and Wales was first covered by the Hire-Purchase Act 1938, later amended by the Hire-Purchase Act 1954 and the Hire-Purchase Act 1964. The 1965 Act applied to all hire-purchase agreements worth less than £2,000 and when the hirer and buyer was not a corporation. In 1965 the Crowther Committee was established to look at the state of consumer credit law in the United Kingdom. Chaired by Lord Crowther, the Committee began sitting in December that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18076652",
"chunk_text": "\"Public Lending Right\"\nmove towards having a Europe-wide PLR programme administered by the European Union. The first PLR programme was initiated in Denmark in 1941. However, it was not properly implemented until 1946 due to World War II. The idea spread slowly from country to country and many nations' PLR programs are quite recent developments. PLR programmes vary from country to country. Some, like Germany and the Netherlands, have linked PLR to copyright legislation and have made libraries liable to pay authors for every book in their collection. Other countries do not connect PLR to copyright. For a nation like Canada or Australia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6862175",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Duncan\"\nwas reduced to 46% but has since increased to 48% in 2001, 51% in 2005 and 51% in 2010. From 1993 to 1995, Duncan was a member of the Social Security Select Committee. His first governmental position was as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Health, a position he obtained in December 1993. He resigned from the position within a month, after it emerged that he had used the Right to Buy programme to make profits on property deals. It emerged that he had lent his elderly next-door neighbour money to buy his home under the Right to Buy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16283086",
"chunk_text": "Moulsecoomb\nas taking people out of inadequate, substandard and sometimes dangerous houses. Moulsecoomb's road network, especially that built later in the East and North Moulsecoomb areas, generally follow the contours of the land rather than being in, for example, a grid pattern, and is characterised by large grass verges and a large land area for each house – many have both front and back gardens. While Moulsecoomb originally consisted exclusively of council housing, owned and operated by the council on behalf of the residents, the right to buy scheme, first implemented in the 1980s, has seen many houses pass into private",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7052062",
"chunk_text": "\"Vehicle scrappage scheme\"\nThe initial scheme, costing the UK Government £300,000,000 was introduced in 2009 to support the replacement of 300,000 cars purchased. The Government agreed to provide a £1,000 payment towards the purchase of a new car ordered from participating manufacturers after 23 April 2009 and first registered on or after 16 May 2009. to UK residents who also scrap a car that they have owned for more than twelve months, was older than ten years and manufacturers agreed to also provide £1,000 off the list price. Environmental groups were \"\"angered\"\" that the scheme was not limited to economical cars, while classic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9155364",
"chunk_text": "\"History of English land law\"\nenfranchisement by introducing a \"\"right to buy\"\" one's council home accompanied by a settled policy of cutting government funding of social housing which was growing as concrete tower blocks and other forms of cheap construction became heavily criticised by socialists and capitalists alike. Rights for short term lessees (tenants) and constraints on rent were reduced accompanied by putting tenancies in a standard six-month authorised form of tenancy, procedure for eviction, and providing a settled definition of \"\"fit for habitation\"\" under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 and the Protection from Eviction Act 1977. Second, property was increasingly used as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11514538",
"chunk_text": "\"Public housing in Singapore\"\nwas introduced. The housing that was initially built was mostly meant for rental by the low income group. In 1964, the Home Ownership Scheme was also introduced to help citizens to buy instead of renting their flats. Four years later, the government decided to allow people to use their Central Provident Fund savings as downpayment. However, these efforts were not successful enough then in convincing the people living in the squatter settlements to move into these flats. It was after 25 May 1961, the day of the Bukit Ho Swee fire, that HDB's efficiency and earnestness won the people over.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6462761",
"chunk_text": "\"Help to Buy\"\ncovers 20% of the property value, and the developer can afford to raise prices due to the increase in a buyer's borrowing potential, as well as the increased demand. In January 2014, Nigel Wilson, chief executive of Legal & General, called for an end to the programme, saying the government \"\"should stop stoking up demand, there is already lots of demand and this will create a bubble for the future.\"\" He said Help to Buy was simply \"\"turbo-charg[ing] an already rising market inside London\"\", where prices had reached \"\"absurd\"\" levels. A few months later, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6462765",
"chunk_text": "\"Help to Buy\"\nprices, the main ones being: a continuing lack of supply. Record-low borrowing costs; economic recovery; and, particularly in London, demand from foreign investors. In May 2014, the OECD weighed in on the UK's housing market, again noting the overheating, and called for Osborne to rein in Help to Buy. Help to Buy Help to Buy is the name of a government programme in the United Kingdom that aims to help first time buyers, and those looking to move home, purchase residential property. It was announced in Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne's 2013 budget speech, and was described as \"\"the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8063583",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Heseltine\"\nMichael Heseltine Michael Ray Dibdin Heseltine, Baron Heseltine, (born 21 March 1933) is a British Conservative politician and businessman. Having begun his career as a property developer, he became one of the founders of the publishing house Haymarket. Heseltine served as a Member of Parliament from 1966 to 2001, and was a prominent figure in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, including serving as Deputy Prime Minister under the latter. Heseltine entered the Cabinet in 1979 as Secretary of State for the Environment, where he promoted the \"\"Right to Buy\"\" campaign that allowed two million families to purchase",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "261271",
"chunk_text": "\"Conservative Party (UK)\"\nenforcing \"\"wildcat\"\" strikes, keeping wages artificially high and forcing unprofitable industries to stay open. One of Thatcher's largest and most successful policies assisted council house tenants in public housing to purchase their homes at favourable rates. The \"\"Right to Buy\"\" had emerged in the late-1940s but was too great a challenge to the Post-War Consensus to win Conservative endorsement. Thatcher from her earliest days in politics favoured the idea because it would lead to a \"\"property-owning democracy\"\", an important idea that had emerged in the 1920s. Some local Conservative-run councils enacted profitable local sales schemes during the late-1960s. By the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16901701",
"chunk_text": "\"Commerce Commission\"\nand Consumer Finance Act 2003 on 1 April 2005. This Act repealed the Credit Contracts Act 1981 and the Hire Purchase Act 1971, placing obligations on creditors with respect to disclosure requirements; calculation of fees, charges and interest; and oppressive conduct. It also enables consumers to seek reasonable changes to credit contracts on the grounds of unforeseen hardship. The part of the Act which relates to oppressive contracts known as buy-back transactions was enacted on 14 October 2003 and was already enforced by the Commission prior to April 2005. In 2011, former National Finance director and convicted fraudster Trevor Allan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4013062",
"chunk_text": "\"Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment\"\nthe government implemented the “\"\"Green Deal\"\"”, introducing various new measures: the “Golden Rule” (whereby repayments must not exceed energy savings), financing linked to the energy bill, obligation for the energy suppliers to adapt their billing system to collect repayments, and introduction of the “Energy Company Obligation” (ECO). The first Green Deal policy was outlined in 2010 by the Conservative Party. The amount of the loans would be of up to £6,500. After a series of setbacks, a renewed Green Deal was launched on 28 January 2013, with mixed results. At the time of creation, the Green Deal was praised as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_858
|
who issued gold coins for the first time in india?
|
n/a
|
[
"Gupta Empire"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19318615",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\n(meaning \"\"wrought silver, a coin of silver\"\"). Panini characterised as a stamped (which means a form in general, but probably a silver form in this case). \"\"Arthashastra\"\", written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as . Other types of coins including gold coins (), copper coins () and lead coins () are also mentioned. The history of the Indian rupee traces back to Ancient India in circa 6th century BCE, ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Chinese wen and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4456401",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nFrom 1621 till 1800, the English sent their precious metal bullion to the Surat mint, controlled by the \"\"Nawab\"\", to be coined into local gold mohurs and silver rupees. As the Surat mint was unable to meet the required production rate, silver was also sent to the Ahmadabad mint in 1636. During later years, the Ahmadabad mint also struck rupees for the Bombay Presidency in the name of Muhammad Akbar II with the dates 1233–1241 AH (1817–1825 CE). In December 1672, the East India Company started a mint in Bombay and European style gold, silver, copper, and tin coins were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1238769",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nearlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. The splendid gold coinage of Guptas, with its many types and infinite varieties and its inscriptions in Sanskrit, are the finest examples of the purely Indian art that we possess. Their era starts from around 320 with Chandragupta I's accession to the throne.Son of Chandragupta I-Samudragupta, the real founder of the Gupta Empire had coinage made of gold only. There were seven different varieties of coins that appeared during his reign. Out of them the archer type is the most common and characteristic type of the Gupta dynasty coins, which were struck by at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10671036",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nCoinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "289967",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nBCE. There are actually vast uncertainties regarding the actual time punch-marked coinage started in India, with proposal ranging from 1000 BCE to 500 BCE. However, the study of the relative chronology of these coins has successfully established that the first punch-marked coins initially only had one or two punches, with the number of punches increasing over time. The first coins in India may have been minted around the 6th century BCE by the Mahajanapadas of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, The coins of this period were punch-marked coins called \"\"Puranas\"\", \"\"Karshapanas\"\" or \"\"Pana\"\". Several of these coins had a single symbol, for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12012976",
"chunk_text": "\"Economic history of India\"\nsreni in contracts, set work conditions, often received higher compensation and was the administrative authority. The headman was often selected via an election by the members of the sreni, and could also be removed from power by the general assembly. The headman often ran the enterprise with two to five executive officers, also elected by the assembly. Punch marked silver ingots were in circulation around the 5th century BCE. They were the first metallic coins minted around the 6th century BCE by the Mahajanapadas of the Gangetic plains and were India's earliest traces of coinage. While India's many kingdoms and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18366206",
"chunk_text": "Rupee\nhis brief rule between 1540 and 1545. Suri also introduced copper coins called \"\"dam\"\" and gold coins called \"\"mohur\"\" that weighed 169 grains (10.95 g). The Indian rupee was re-introduced in Medieval times, issued and termed as \"\"rupiya\"\", the silver coin, by Sher Shah Suri (1540–1545), continued by the Mughal rulers. The history of the rupee traces back to Ancient India circa 3rd century BC. Ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Lydian staters, several other Middle Eastern coinages and the Chinese wen. The term is from \"\"rūpya\"\", a Sanskrit term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18778322",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of Asia\"\ntime of Alexander the Great's conquest. Coinage of India began in the 7th century BCE, as small native states known as the Mahajanapadas began to mint coins of silver. The concept of coinage, and many design elements, spread across the Indian subcontinent within centuries. India subsequently absorbed and modified numerous influences, including Greek, Roman, Arabic and Persian. Some time around the 7th century BCE, coins shaped like utensils emerged in China. In most regions, spade-shaped coins were issued, while knife-shaped coins were issued in the North-East. In the state of Chu (in Southern China), small oval bronze pieces were issued.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16965319",
"chunk_text": "\"Gupta script\"\nin Bharatpur district of Rajasthan) hoard, discovered in 1946, which contained more than 2000 gold coins issued by the Gupta Kings. Many of the Gupta Empire’s coins bear inscriptions of legends or mark historic events. In fact, it was one of the first Indian Empires to do so, probably as a result of its unprecedented prosperity. Almost every Gupta king issued coins, beginning with its first king, Chandragupta I. The scripts on the coin are also of a different nature compared to scripts on pillars, due to conservatism regarding the coins that were to be accepted as currency, which would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19318616",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nLydian staters. \"\"Arthashastra\"\", written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as \"\"rūpyarūpa\"\", other types including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tamrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are mentioned. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa, rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, Sultan Sher Shah Suri issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains (or 11.53 grams), which was termed the \"\"Rupiya\"\". During Babar's time, the brass to silver exchange ratio was roughly 50:2. The silver coin remained in use during the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1238738",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nTurkic and Mughal invaders in India. The East India Company introduced uniform coinage in the 19th century CE, and these coins were later imitated by the modern nation states of Republic of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Numismatics plays a valuable role in determining certain period of Indian history. There is evidence of countable units of precious metal being used for exchange from the Vedic period onwards. A term \"\"Nishka\"\" appears in this sense in the Rigveda. Later texts speak of cows given as gifts being adorned with \"\"pādas\"\" of gold. A \"\"pāda\"\", literally a quarter, would have been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4456397",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nCoins of British India British trading posts in India were first established by the East India Company (EIC) early in the seventeenth century, which quickly evolved into larger colonies covering a significant part of the subcontinent. Early settlements or factories included Masulipatnam (1611) and Madras (1640) in the south, Surat (1612) in the west, and modern-day Kolkata (1698–99) in the east. These colonies gave rise to Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency, and Bengal Presidency, and each Presidency had a separate coinage and monetary system. In 1835, the EIC adopted a unified system of coinage throughout all British possessions in India and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16980999",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nof India. Coins are minted at the five India Government Mints at Mumbai, Alipore (Kolkata), Saifabad (Hyderabad), Cherlapally (Hyderabad) and NOIDA (UP). The coins are issued for circulation only through the Reserve Bank in terms of the RBI Act. After independence, the Government of India mint, minted coins imprinted with Indian statesmen, historical and religious figures. In the years 2010 and 2011 for the first time ever 75, 150 and 1000 coins were minted in India to commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of the Reserve Bank of India, the 150th birth anniversary of the birth of Rabindranath Tagore and 1000 years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14141993",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the rupee\"\nhad the effigy of William IV on the obverse and the value on the reverse in English and Persian. The coins issued after 1840 bore the portrait of Queen Victoria. The first coinage under the crown was issued in 1862 and in 1877 Queen Victoria assumed the title the Empress of India. The gold silver ratio expanded during 1870-1910. Unlike India, her colonial master Britain was on gold standard. To meet the Home Charges (i.e., expenditure in England) the colonial government had to remit a larger number of rupees and this necessitated increased taxation and unrest. The 1911 accession to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16986072",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\ntrade monopoly with eastern countries including Sumatra, Java, and India. The territories governed by the East India Company were divided into three major administrative regions: Madras Presidency in the south, Bombay Presidency in the west, and Bengal Presidency in the east. Most of the north, however, for a long time continued to remain under the control of the Mughal emperor, and later, local rulers including the Marathas and Rajputs. Each of the three presidencies under East India Company governance issued their own coins until a unified coinage throughout all territories was introduced in 1835. Early presidency issues often imitated local",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4456403",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nanother legend \"\"A DEO PAX & INCREMENTVM\"\" around it. After issuing coins for the East India Company for a number of years, the Surat mint finally came under direct control of the Company in 1800. Gold mohurs, silver rupees, and fractional values were struck in the name of the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II bearing the frozen regnal year 46. The Surat mint was finally closed down in 1815. A number of privy marks consisting of dots, crescents, and crown-like symbols were used and are helpful in correct attribution of the striking period and mint. Copper coinage : English machine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10671070",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nand execution of the gold coins and the disappearance of silver money, bear ample evidence to their curtailed territory. The percentage of gold in Indian coins under the reign of Gupta rulers showed a steady financial decline over the centuries as it decreases from 90% pure gold under Chandragupta I (319-335) to a mere 75-80% under Skandagupta (467). The coins of various Rajput princes's ruling in Hindustan and Central India were usually of gold, copper or billon, very rarely silver. These coins had the familiar goddess of wealth, Lakshmi on the obverse. In these coins, the Goddess was shown with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16986080",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nmature bust of Victoria. In 1876, Victoria assumed the title of 'Empress of India' and, from 1877, the legend on the obverse of all coins was changed to 'Victoria Empress'. Gold mohurs with the new obverse legend were issued between 1877 and 1891. The mintage of these mohurs for any given date is relatively low, making them considerably scarce. Fractional values of the mohur (nominally valued at fifteen silver rupees) were also struck in denominations of ten and five rupees between 1870 and 1879. Except for a small number of ten and five rupees dated 1870, most of the fractional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11230512",
"chunk_text": "\"Economic history of India\"\nbuilding an extensive road system, creating a uniform currency, and the unification of the country. The Mughals adopted and standardized the rupee currency introduced by Sur Emperor Sher Shah Suri. The Mughals minted tens of millions of coins, with purity of at least 96%, without debasement until the 1720s. The empire met global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products. Cities and towns boomed under the Mughal Empire, which had a relatively high degree of urbanization (15% of its population lived in urban centres), more urban than Europe at the time and British India in the 19th century. Multiple cities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16142134",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nvalue differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16142147",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\ntrade with India up to 120 ships were setting sail every year from Myos Hormos to India. Gold coins, used for this trade, was apparently being recycled by the Kushan empire for their own coinage. In the 1st century CE, the Roman writer Pliny the Elder complained about the vast sums of money leaving the Roman empire for India: The trade was particularly focused around the regions of Gujarat, ruled by the Western Satraps, and the tip of the Indian peninsular in Southern India. Large hoards of Roman coins have been found and especially in the busy maritime trading centers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9823426",
"chunk_text": "\"One rupee (Indian coin)\"\n(\"\"IV minted as IIII\"\") and were first minted in 1835 AD. Rupee coins issued after 1840 bore busts of Queen Victoria (1840 to 1901 AD), Edward VII (1903 to 1910 AD), George V (1911 to 1936 AD) and George VI (1938 to 1947 AD). The British Raj started in India in 1858 AD after a century of control by the East India Company. British Raj lasted till Indian independence in 1947. From 1835 to 1858, uniform rupee coins were being issued in accordance to the \"\"Coinage Act of 1835\"\". In 1862, new one rupee coins were issued, were known as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16350450",
"chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Mysore\"\nI who is believed to have been sympathetic towards peasants (\"\"raiyats\"\") who were exempted from any increases in taxation during his time. The first sign that the kingdom had established itself in the area was the issuing of gold coins (\"\"Kanthirayi phanam\"\") resembling those of the erstwhile Vijayanagara Empire during Narasaraja Wodeyar's rule. The rule of Chikka Devaraja saw several reforms were effected. Internal administration was remodeled to suit the kingdom's growing needs and became more efficient. A postal system came into being. Far reaching financial reforms were also introduced. A number of petty taxes were imposed in place of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16551521",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nBritish India. Since 1851, gold sovereigns were produced \"\"en masse\"\" at the Royal Mint in Sydney, New South Wales. In an 1864 attempt to make the British gold sovereign the \"\"imperial coin\"\", the treasuries in Bombay and Calcutta were instructed to receive gold sovereigns; however, these gold sovereigns never left the vaults. As the British government gave up hope of replacing the rupee in India with the pound sterling, it realised for the same reason it could not replace the silver dollar in the Straits Settlements with the Indian rupee (as the British East India Company had desired). Since the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19318617",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nMughal period, Maratha era as well as in British India. Among the earliest issues of paper rupees include; the \"\"Bank of Hindustan\"\" (1770–1832), the \"\"General Bank of Bengal and Bihar\"\" (1773–75, established by Warren Hastings), and the \"\"Bengal Bank\"\" (1784–91). Historically, the rupee was a silver coin. This had severe consequences in the nineteenth century when the strongest economies in the world were on the gold standard. The discovery of large quantities of silver in the United States and several European colonies resulted in a decline in the value of silver relative to gold, devaluing India's standard currency. This event",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4959812",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\na new communication and interpretation of the terminal dates of the Islamic millennium. What the evidence doesn't explain is the source of the idea as well as the reason for persisting with the same date on the imperial coinage even after the critical year had passed. Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17037970",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of Asia\"\n1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4959810",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nto the audience and required modes of communication to take effect by means of which sovereign power was articulated in the 16th century India. An examination was done of a series of coins officially issued and circulated by the Mughal emperor Akbar (r 1556-1605) to illustrate and project a particular view of time, religion, and political supremacy being fundamental and co-existing in nature. Coins constitute part of the evidence that project the transmission of religious and political ideas in the last quarter of the 16th century. The word 'Alf' refers to the millennium. The following are the extraordinary decisions, though",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19327107",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nThe 1947 Rupee, half rupee, quarter rupee and Anna coins are also of special interest to collectors, since that was the last year British issued coins were circulated in India. Coins of British India British trading posts in India were first established by the East India Company (EIC) early in the seventeenth century, which quickly evolved into larger colonies covering a significant part of the subcontinent. Early settlements or factories included Masulipatnam (1611) and Madras (1640) in the south, Surat (1612) in the west, and modern-day Kolkata (1698–99) in the east. These colonies gave rise to Madras Presidency, Bombay Presidency,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11682563",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of the Indian rupee\"\nin circulation can be found in various denominations. They depict various special events or people, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, Rajiv Gandhi, Dnyaneshwar, the 1982 Asian Games, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sri Aurobindo, Chittaranjan Das, Chhatrapati Shivaji, the 2010 Commonwealth Games, Bhagat Singh and Rabindranath Tagore. At Independence on 15 August 1947, India was partitioned into the new British Dominions of India and Pakistan. The new Dominion (or Union) of India retained the previous imperial currency with images of British monarchs. The basic unit of currency was the Indian rupee, which was itself",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11369516",
"chunk_text": "Mohur\nprincely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The \"\"mohur\"\" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called \"\"dam\"\" and silver coins called \"\"rupiya\"\" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word \"\"mohur\"\" or \"\"mohor\"\" is from the Persian word \"\"muhr\"\", which means \"\"seal\"\" and is cognate with the Sanskrit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10671037",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nof minted coins spread to the Indo-Gangetic Plain from West Asia. The coins of this period were called \"\"Puranas\"\", \"\"Karshapanas\"\" or \"\"Pana\"\". These earliest Indian coins, however, are unlike those circulated in West Asia, were not disk-shaped but rather stamped bars of metal, suggesting that the innovation of stamped currency was added to a pre-existing form of token currency which had already been present in the Mahajanapada kingdoms of the Indian Iron Age. Mahajanapadas that minted their own coins included Gandhara, Kuntala, Kuru, Panchala, Shakya, Surasena and Surashtra. The tradition of Indian coinage was further influenced by the coming of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9823425",
"chunk_text": "\"One rupee (Indian coin)\"\nto introduce Pound sterling in India. Due to popularity of Rupiya, the Pound sterling could not be introduced in India. It was only in 1717 AD that the English obtained permission from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar to coin Mughal money. In 1835 AD, the \"\"Coinage Act of 1835\"\" for uniform coinage came into force. Composed of 0.917 silver, the new one rupee coins weighed and had a diameter of . Reverse of all one rupee coins minted after 1835 and before 1862 AD bore \"\"East India Company\"\" instead of country name. One rupee coins had bust of King William IIII",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16551534",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nLion on the reverse. India's first coins after independence were issued in 1950 in 1 pice, , one and two annas, , and one-rupee denominations. The sizes and composition were the same as the final regal issues, except for the one-pice (which was bronze, but not holed). The first decimal-coin issues in India consisted of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 naye paise, and 1 rupee. The 1 naya paisa was bronze; the 2, 5 & 10 naye paise were cupro-nickel, and the 25 naye paise (nicknamed \"\"chawanni\"\"; 25 naye paise equals 4 annas), 50 naye paise (also called",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17217497",
"chunk_text": "\"India Government Mint, Hyderabad\"\nlocation at Cherlapally in Secunderabad. Indian 1, 2, 5 and 10 rupee coins are produced in this mint. Till early 19th century, mints were privately operated by wealthy businessmen (Sahus, Jagirdars and Omaras) in India. Licenses for minting coins were obtained by paying fees to the exchequer. The mints used to produce coins with the name of Emperor in Delhi. \"\"FIDVI\"\", \"\"QITAAB\"\" (title) and lettering \"\"Yar-E-Wafadar\"\" (trusted follower) were added to the coins. India Government Mint, Hyderabad was established in 1803 AD by Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III as a private mint and along with other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14141990",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the rupee\"\nlikeness, image\"\". \"\"Arthashastra\"\", written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya(c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as \"\"rūpyarūpa\"\", other types of coins including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tāmrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are also mentioned. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa, rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. In the intermediate times there is no fixed monetary system as reported by the \"\"Da Tang Xi Yu Ji\"\". During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1546, Sher Shah Suri set up a new civic and military administration and issued a coin of silver, weighing 178",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9823423",
"chunk_text": "\"One rupee (Indian coin)\"\nOne rupee (Indian coin) One rupee coin is an Indian coin worth one Indian rupee and is made up of hundred paisas. Currently, one rupee coin is the smallest Indian coin in circulation. Since 1992, one Indian rupee coins are minted from stainless steel. Round in shape, the one rupee coins weighs , has a diameter of and thickness of . In independent India, one rupee coins was first minted in 1950 and is currently in circulation. Sher Shah Suri, the founder of Sur Empire ruled North India from 1540 to 1545 AD. During his reign, Suri issued pure silver",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16986079",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nwear and weight loss, irrespective of the actual condition of the coin. Early gold coinage with Queen Victoria's crowned bust consisted of one mohur coins dated 1862. These coins were of the same weight (11.66 grams = one Tola) and fineness (0.9167) as the EIC issued mohurs. These coins, probably minted between 1866 and 1869, were trade coinage and not recognized as legal tender. A number of varieties (including proofs) are known with minor variations in the reverse and obverse decoration details. 'Victoria Queen' mohurs were also struck with the year 1875, as well as 1870 proof issues with a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4959811",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nbizarre, were taken by King Akbar. The order was a major departure and extremely unconventional and eccentric from the norm of striking coins in medieval India. Till the advent of Alf, all gold and silver coins had been stuck with figure of the current hijri year. Akbar's courtier and critic, Abdul Badani, presents and explains in brevity the motive for these unconventional decisions while describing the events that took place in 990 hijri (1582 CE): The evidence, both textual and numismatic, actually makes it clear that Akbar's decisions to mint the Alf coins and commission the Tarikh-i-Alfi were based on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16551530",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nCompany (Bengal, Bombay and Madras) each issued their own coinages until 1835. All three issued rupees and fractions thereof down to - and -rupee in silver. Madras also issued two-rupee coins. Copper denominations were more varied. Bengal issued one-pie, -, one- and two-paise coins. Bombay issued 1-pie, -, -, 1-, 1-, 2- and 4-paise coins. In Madras there were copper coins for two and four pies and one, two and four paisa, with the first two denominated as and one dub (or and ) rupee. Madras also issued the Madras fanam until 1815. All three Presidencies issued gold mohurs and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11529621",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the rupee\"\nwere developed in the Mughal style and those of Madras mostly in a South Indian style. The English coins of Western India developed along Mughal as well as English patterns. It was only in 1717 AD that the English obtained permission from the Emperor Farrukh Siyar to coin Mughal money at the Bombay mint. The British gold coins were termed Carolina, the silver coins Anglina, the copper coins Cupperoon and tin coins Tinny. By the early 1830, the English had become the dominant power in India. The Coinage Act of 1835 provided for uniform coinage throughout India. The new coins",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11369515",
"chunk_text": "Mohur\nMohur A mohur is a gold coin that was formerly minted by several governments, including British India and some of the princely states which existed alongside it, the Mughal Empire, Kingdom of Nepal, and Afghanistan. It was usually equivalent in value to fifteen silver rupees. It was last minted in British India in 1918, but some princely states continued to issue the coins until their accession to India after 1947. Similar coins were also issued by the British authorities in denominations of 2/3 mohur (10 rupees), 1/3 mohur (5 rupees) and the double mohur (30 rupees), and some of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7944928",
"chunk_text": "\"India Government Mint, Mumbai\"\nLondon was set up to issue British sovereigns. In April 1919, after manufacturing 12.95 lakh (1.295 million) coins, it was shut down. Besides coins, the mint produces medals for Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Home Affairs, educational institutions, social service institutions, badges etc. It is also a centre for the issuance of gold ingots in exchange of unrefined gold tendered by licensed dealers. The institution has a department that makes official weights and measures such as metric weights, capacity, and linear measures for state governments, laboratories and the Bureau of Indian Standards. India Government Mint, Mumbai The India Government Mint,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16551532",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nthe designation \"\"India\"\". Their denominations were anna, pice, and anna (all in copper), 2 annas, , and one rupee (silver), and five and ten rupees and one mohur (gold). The gold denominations ceased production in 1891, and no -anna coins were issued after 1877. In 1906, bronze replaced copper for the lowest three denominations; in 1907, a cupro-nickel one-anna coin was introduced. In 1918–1919 cupro-nickel two-, four- and eight-annas were introduced, although the four- and eight-annas coins were only issued until 1921 and did not replace their silver equivalents. In 1918, the Bombay mint also struck gold sovereigns and 15-rupee",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16142146",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nhemidrachms of Apollodotos and Philoxenos, they are all round, are struck to the Persian (or Indian) standard, and all have inscriptions in both Greek and Kharoshthi characters. Coinage of Indo-Greek kingdom began to increasingly influence coins from other regions of India by the 1st century BCE. By this time a large number of tribes, dynasties and kingdoms began issuing their coins; Prākrit legends began to appear. The extensive coinage of the Kushan empire (1st–3rd centuries CE) continued to influence the coinage of the Guptas (320 to 550 CE) and the later rulers of Kashmir. During the early rise of Roman",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4456402",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\nstruck. The gold coin was named \"\"Carolina\"\", the silver coin \"\"Anglina\"\", the copper \"\"Copperoon\"\", and the tin coin called the \"\"Tinny\"\". The exchange rate was set at 11 \"\"Tiduckone \"\"Copperoon\"\" and 48 \"\"Copperoons\"\" to one \"\"Anglina\"\". No gold coins (\"\"Carolinas\"\") were struck until 1717. The obverse of the silver and copper coins showed inside an inner circle the arms of the Company, and within an outer circle the legend \"\"HON:SOC:ANG:IND:ORI\"\", for \"\"Honorabilis Societas Anglicana Indiarum Orientalium\"\", or 'Honourable English East India Company'. The reverse of these coins had the inscription \"\"MON BOMBAY ANGLIC REGIMS A° 7°\"\" in the centre and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12221677",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of the Indian rupee\"\nCoins of the Indian rupee Coins of the Indian rupee were first minted in 1950. New coins have been produced annually since then and they make up a valuable aspect of the Indian currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in denominations of ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, and ₹10. All of these are produced by four mints located across India, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Noida. After Indian independence, British Indian coins were in use as a frozen currency until India became a republic in 1950. The first rupee coins of the Republic of India were minted in 1950. These included 1/2",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16981000",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian rupee\"\nof the Brihadeeswarar Temple, respectively. In 2012 a 60 coin was also issued to commemorate 60 years of the Government of India Mint, Kolkata. 100 coin was also released commemorating the 100th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's return to India. Commemorative coins of 125 were released on 4 September 2015 and 6 December 2015 to honour the 125th anniversary of the births of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and B. R. Ambedkar, respectively. In 1861, the government of India introduced its first paper money: 10 note in 1864, 5 note in 1872, 10,000 note in 1899, 100 note in 1900, 50 note in 1905,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10671069",
"chunk_text": "\"Coinage of India\"\nleast eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16986078",
"chunk_text": "\"Coins of British India\"\n(which was to be an Indian standard till 1 April 1957) was, After the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58, the administration of British India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. From 1862 till Indian independence in 1947, circulation coins were minted under the direct authority of the Crown. The early imperial issued coins continued to bear a fixed date, for example, rupee coins with the year 1862. This practice was intended to discourage the prevalent 'batta' system, i.e., a heavy penalty imposed by money changers or 'shroffs' on coins bearing an older date to account for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_859
|
how many players have scored 10000 runs in odi?
|
n/a
|
[
"11",
"eleven"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17400228",
"chunk_text": "\"Sourav Ganguly\"\nCurrently, he is the 8th highest run scorer in One Day Internationals (ODIs) and was the 3rd batsman in history to cross the 10,000 run landmark, after Sachin Tendulkar and Inzamam Ul Haq. In 2002, the \"\"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\"\" ranked him the sixth greatest ODI batsman of all time, next to Viv Richards, Sachin Tendulkar, Brian Lara, Dean Jones and Michael Bevan. After playing in different Indian domestic tournaments, such as the Ranji and Duleep trophies, Ganguly got his big-break while playing for India on their tour of England. He scored 131 runs and cemented his place in the Indian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824509",
"chunk_text": "\"Sachin Tendulkar\"\nand ODIs with 234 wins and is third in the world in ODI victories after Ricky Ponting (262 wins), Mahela Jayawardene (241 wins). Tendulkar has scored over 1000 runs in a calendar year in ODIs 7 times, and in 1998 he scored 1,894 runs, the record for the highest number of runs scored by any player in a single calendar year for One-Day Internationals. He is the first male cricketer to score a double-century in one-day cricket. He has been Man of the Match 13 times in Test matches and Man of the Series four times, out of them twice",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12842877",
"chunk_text": "\"Sanath Jayasuriya\"\nwas surpassed by Shahid Afridi during the 2010 Asia Cup match against Bangladesh. He became the fourth batsman to score more than 10,000 runs and the second batsman to score more than 12,000, and 13,000 runs in the history of ODIs. He also has 28 centuries, the fourth highest in ODIs. He held the record of scoring most runs in an ODI over (30; he has achieved this twice), and first batsman to score over 30 in an over. This record is now held by South Africa's Herschelle Gibbs (36 runs in an over). During the one-day Natwest series in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8091081",
"chunk_text": "\"Virat Kohli\"\nKohli became the 12th batsman and fastest player to score 10,000 ODI runs. He surpassed the milestone with 205 innings which is 54 innings less than the next quickest to the landmark, Sachin Tendulkar. In the course he scored his 37th ODI century. Kohli's average after crossing 10,000 is 59.62, which is also the best average among the 10,000 club members. On 27 October, after scoring his 38th ODI century, Kohli became the first batsman for India, first captain and tenth overall, to score three successive centuries in ODIs. He ended up scoring 453 runs in 5 innings, at an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824431",
"chunk_text": "\"Sachin Tendulkar\"\nbatsman to score a double century in a ODI, the holder of the record for the most number of runs in both Test and ODI, and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket. He is colloquially known as Little Master or Master Blaster, and often referred to as the God of Cricket by Indian cricket followers. Despite his reputation, he is known for his modesty and humility, once stating \"\"\"\"I am not the God of cricket. I make mistakes, God doesn’t\"\"\"\". In 2001, Sachin Tendulkar became the first batsman to complete 10,000 ODI runs in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3746729",
"chunk_text": "\"Nehru Stadium, Indore\"\none last ODI match on 31 March 2001 where Sachin Tendulkar created history by becoming the first player to reach 10,000 runs in ODI cricket. Holkar Stadium in the same city hosted the last ODI match between India and South Africa in October 2015. It is unknown if Nehru Stadium will ever host another international match. The stadium has hosted following ODI matches till date. The highest score by a team is Indian national cricket team against Australia national cricket team- 299/8 on 31 Mar 2001. The lowest team score is by Sri Lanka national cricket team against Indian national",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9461175",
"chunk_text": "\"Ricky Ponting\"\nin the period before early-1999, due to lack of form and discipline, before becoming One Day International captain in early-2002 and Test captain in early 2004. After being involved in over 160 Tests and 370 ODIs, Ponting is Australia's leading run-scorer in Test and ODI cricket. He is one of only four players (along with Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid and Jacques Kallis) in history to have scored 13,000 Test runs. Statistically, he is one of the most successful captains of all time, with 48 victories in 77 Tests between 2004 and 31 December 2010. As a player, Ponting is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10458656",
"chunk_text": "\"Shikhar Dhawan\"\nwith 187 runs from 174 balls. A prolific run-scorer in ICC tournaments, Dhawan top-scored in the 2004 Under-19 World Cup, and the 2013 and 2017 Champions Trophy tournaments, and holds the record for the fastest to reach 1000 runs in ICC ODI tournaments. In August 2013, he recorded the then-second-highest individual score in a List A match when he scored 248 runs off 150 balls for India A against South Africa A at Pretoria. At the 2015 World Cup, he was the leading run-scorer for India and in the following year, became the fastest Indian to reach 3,000 ODI runs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19783956",
"chunk_text": "\"Jacques Kallis\"\nJacques Kallis Jacques Kallis (born 16 October 1975) is a former South African cricketer, and, a former Test and ODI captain. As a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium swing bowler, Kallis is regarded as one of the greatest cricketers of all time and one of the game's greatest all-rounders. he was the only cricketer in the history of the game to score more than 10,000 runs and take over 250 wickets in both ODI and Test match cricket, pouching 131 ODI catches along the way as well. His Test match career in particular saw him score 13,289 runs, take 292",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18138432",
"chunk_text": "\"Sourav Ganguly\"\nhas the most ODI runs) and the eighth overall. He has scored 16 centuries in Test matches and 22 in ODIs. He is also one of only ten batsmen to score more than 10,000 runs in ODIs. Along with Tendulkar, Ganguly has formed the most successful opening pair in One Day Cricket, having amassed the highest number of century partnerships (26) for the first wicket. Together, they have scored more than 7000 runs at an average of 48.98, and hold the world record for creating most number of 50-run partnership in the first wicket (44 fifties). Ganguly became the fourth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10910128",
"chunk_text": "\"Century (cricket)\"\nmost ODI centuries, having scored 49 ODI Centuries. The first Twenty20 International (T20I) century was scored by Chris Gayle who amassed 117 runs against South Africa at Johannesburg in the very first match of ICC World Twenty20 tournament in 2007. Rohit Sharma currently holds the record for most T20I centuries, having scored 4 T20I Centuries. The fastest recorded century in Test cricket terms of balls faced is held by Brendon McCullum who scored 100 runs from 54 balls against Australia at Christchurch, New Zealand in 2016, beating the previous record of 56 held jointly by Viv Richards and Misbah-ul-Haq. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15358558",
"chunk_text": "\"Virender Sehwag\"\nled India to win its first series win in New Zealand. On 8 December 2011, Sehwag scored his highest ODI score against West Indies at Indore slamming 219 runs off only 149 Balls. In the same innings, he also crossed 8,000 runs in ODI Cricket. Sehwag's scoring rate is extremely quick, at 103.44 runs per 100 balls (it is exceeded only by one current player: Shahid Afridi, who has a much lower average). He has had more success in run chases, scoring seven of his thirteen centuries while chasing. He has led India on seven occasions, due to the unavailability",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15381252",
"chunk_text": "\"Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)\"\nFakhar Zaman (cricketer) Fakhar Zaman (, ; born 10 April 1990) is a Pakistani cricketer and former Pakistan Navy sailor who plays for the Pakistan national cricket team and for Lahore Qalandars in the Pakistan Super League. On 20 July 2018, he became the first batsman for Pakistan to score a double century in a One Day International (ODI) match. Two days later, he became the fastest batsman to score 1,000 runs in ODIs. In August 2018, he was one of thirty-three players to be awarded a central contract for the 2018–19 season by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). Zaman",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2818859",
"chunk_text": "\"Kumar Sangakkara\"\nalong with Indian opener Virender Sehwag, who won the award in 2008 and 2009. Sangakkara was rated as the Greatest ODI player of all time in a public poll conducted by Cricket Australia in 2016. On 29 January 2015, Sangakkara became Sri Lanka's highest ever ODI run scorer, surpassing the previous record of 13,430 runs held by Sanath Jayasuriya. In the same match, he also broke the record for ODI wicketkeeping dismissals, breaking the previous record of 472 held by Adam Gilchrist. Sangakkara was born to Anuska Surangana and Swarnakumara Sangakkara, an attorney-at-law at Matale, Sri Lanka in 1977. His",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10753352",
"chunk_text": "\"Tushar Imran\"\nTushar Imran Sheikh Tushar Imran (born 10 December 1983) is a cricketer from Bangladesh who has represented his country in Test matches and One Day Internationals (ODIs). In January 2018 he became the first Bangladesh player to score 10,000 runs in first-class cricket. Imran first hit the headlines aged just 17 when he made 131 from 106 balls in a domestic match for his side Khulna Division in 2000–01. This was the same season in which Bangladesh were granted Test status and although he had to wait a while to join the Test team he made his ODI debut in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9426615",
"chunk_text": "\"Kevin Pietersen\"\ninternational selection. Pietersen became then fastest batsman to reach 1,000 ODI runs but still holds the record for being the fastest player to cross 2,000 runs in One Day International cricket. He has the second-highest run total from his first 25 Tests, behind only Sir Don Bradman of Australia, and was the fastest player, in terms of days, to reach 4,000, 5,000 and 7,000 Test runs. He became only the third English batsman to top the ICC One Day International rankings, doing so in March 2007. In July 2008, after a century against South Africa, \"\"The Times\"\" called him \"\"the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12842875",
"chunk_text": "\"Sanath Jayasuriya\"\nIt took 19 years to surpass the fastest 50 with all limited over new restrictions and other fielding restrictions. However, he subsequently lost fastest fifty to AB de Villiers. Jayasuriya and Sachin Tendulkar are the only players in history to have 4 ODI scores over 150, where Jayasuriya is the only player of the history to have scored two consecutive 150+ scores. Jayasuriya's highest ODI score is 189 runs, scored against India in Sharjah in 2000. It remains the highest ODI score by a Sri Lankan, and at the time of the innings it was the third-highest in ODI history.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16038687",
"chunk_text": "\"India national cricket team\"\nended in a dramatic match against the West Indies in May 2006, which India lost by just 1 run when Yuvraj Singh was bowled by Dwayne Bravo's full toss. Sachin Tendulkar was the first batsman to score 200 runs (he was unbeaten on 200 from 147 deliveries including 25x4 and 3x6) in a single ODI innings, on 24 February 2010 against South Africa in Gwalior. On 8 December 2011, this achievement was eclipsed by compatriot Virender Sehwag, who scored 219 runs from 149 deliveries (25x4 | 7x6) versus West Indies in Indore. On 13 November 2014 the record was broken",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8106768",
"chunk_text": "\"Ryan ten Doeschate\"\nRyan ten Doeschate Ryan Neil ten Doeschate (; born June 30, 1980) is a Dutch professional cricketer who has represented the Netherlands at both One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) level. Considered \"\"one of the finest players the non-Test world has ever produced\"\", he has been named ICC Associate Player of the Year on a record three occasions, in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Ten Doeschate holds the highest batting average in ODI cricket by a batsman with more than 20 innings. Born and raised in South Africa, ten Doeschate signed with Essex CCC for the 2003 English season,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1878940",
"chunk_text": "\"Sanath Jayasuriya\"\nthe way for Sri Lanka to set the world record for the highest ODI team total of 443/9. With his 107 against India on 28 January 2009, Jayasuriya—39 years and 212 days old at the time—became the oldest player to score a century, which was surpassed by UAE batsman Khurram Khan and also became the second player to score more than 13,000 runs in a career. Sanath Jayasuriya also holds the record of fourth fastest 150 in one day internationals. he made 152 vs England at Leeds on 1 July 2006, off just 99 balls which was the fastest at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13284627",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited overs cricket\"\na 40-overs match. The record low score in ODIs was set by Zimbabwe, who managed just 35 against Sri Lanka in Harare on 25 April 2004. The most runs scored by both sides in any List A limited overs match is 872: Australia, batting first, scored 434 for four in 50 overs, and yet were beaten by South Africa who scored 438 for nine with a ball to spare during their One Day International at Johannesburg in 2006. The highest individual innings is 268 by Ali Brown for Surrey against Glamorgan in a 50-overs match at The Oval in 2002.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17287031",
"chunk_text": "\"Virat Kohli\"\nIn early 2017, he became the limited-overs captain as well after Dhoni stepped down from the position. In ODIs, Kohli holds the world record for the fastest batsman to 10,000 runs in 205 innings. Kohli has the second highest number of centuries and the highest number of centuries in run-chases in the world. Kohli holds numerous Indian batting records including the fastest ODI century, the fastest batsman to 5,000 ODI runs and the fastest to 10 ODI centuries. Among the T20I world records held by Kohli are: the fastest batsman to 2,000 runs, most runs in a calendar year and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20674039",
"chunk_text": "\"Viv Richards\"\nIn December 2002, he was chosen by \"\"Wisden\"\" as the greatest ODI batsman of all time, as well as the third greatest Test batsman of all time, after Sir Don Bradman and Sachin Tendulkar. His consistent batting ability is highly regarded; he is the first cricketer in ODI history to achieve 20 Man of the Match awards. Overall, Richards scored 8,540 runs in 121 Test matches at an average of 50.23, including 24 centuries. As a captain, he won 27 of 50 Test matches and lost only 8. He also scored nearly 7,000 runs in One Day Internationals and more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15358546",
"chunk_text": "\"Virender Sehwag\"\nthe world to have ever surpassed 300 twice in Test cricket, and the only one to score two triple centuries and take a five-wicket innings haul. In March 2009, Sehwag smashed what was till then the fastest century ever scored by an Indian in ODI cricket, from 60 balls. On 8 December 2011, he hit his maiden double century in ODI cricket, against West Indies, becoming the second batsman after Sachin Tendulkar to reach the landmark. His score became the highest individual score in ODI cricket – 219 off 149 balls which was later bettered by Rohit Sharma – 264",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3089363",
"chunk_text": "\"Shahid Afridi\"\nbroke the record for fastest century in ODI cricket, reaching his hundred from 37 balls. The eleven sixes he struck also equaled the record for most in an ODI innings. Aged 16 years and 217 days, Afridi became the youngest player to score an ODI century. Pakistan posted a total of 371, at the time the second-highest in ODIs, and won by 82 runs; Afridi was named man of the match. The record for fastest century in ODI was broken by New Zealand cricketer Corey Anderson on 1 January 2014 who hit 131* runs from 36 balls and is now",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18138433",
"chunk_text": "\"Sourav Ganguly\"\nplayer to cross 11,000 ODI runs, and was the fastest player to do so in ODI cricket, after Tendulkar. As of 2006, he is the only Indian captain to win a Test series in Pakistan (although two of the three Tests of that series was led by Rahul Dravid). He is also one of the five players in the world to achieve amazing treble of 10,000 runs, 100 wickets and 100 catches in ODI cricket history, the others being Tendulkar, Kallis, Sanath Jayasuriya and Tillakaratne Dilshan. Author Mihir Bose, in his book, \"\"The magic of Indian cricket: cricket and society",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11352571",
"chunk_text": "\"AB de Villiers\"\nAs of 2016, he has passed 8,000 runs in both Test and ODI cricket and has a batting average of over fifty in both forms of the game. He is also the only batsman in ODI cricket to have completed a trio of 5000+ runs, 50+ average and 100+ strike rate in his career. As of May 2018, he had scored 20,014 runs in international cricket since debut, just lying second behind Kumar Sangakkara. AB De Villiers captained South Africa in all formats, but since his injuries, he stepped down from Test captaincy and continued in ODI(One Day Ininng) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14476576",
"chunk_text": "\"Tamim Iqbal\"\nin ODI after Shakib Al Hasan. He jumped to the 13th position in ICC ODI Batsman Ranking with a career highest rating point of 737. After world cup 2015 till now [30th July, 2018], he has scored a total of 2180 runs in ODI with one of the highest averages by an opening batsman in this period, 62.28. In September 2018, he was named in Nangarhar's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament. List of international cricket centuries by Tamim Iqbal Tamim Iqbal Muhammad Tamim Iqbal Khan (; born 20 March 1989) is a Bangladeshi international",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13284629",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited overs cricket\"\none over bowled by Daan van Bunge of the Netherlands. This record is shared by Yuvraj Singh of India who achieved this feat in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa, he hit 6 sixes in an over bowled by Stuart Broad of England. Sachin Tendulkar holds the record of being the first male cricketer to score a double century in ODIs (200 not out). He achieved this feat against South Africa on 24 February 2010, at Gwalior, India. Virender Sehwag is the second male cricketer to score a double century, when he scored 219 before being caught out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7723778",
"chunk_text": "\"Charles Coventry (Zimbabwean cricketer)\"\nCharles Coventry (Zimbabwean cricketer) Charles Kevin Coventry (born 8 March 1983) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and occasional wicket-keeper. He previously shared the record, with Saeed Anwar, of the highest individual score in a One Day International, 194 not out. This was surpassed by Sachin Tendulkar's 200 on 24 February 2010. His innings is the highest ODI score in a losing cause, surpassing Matthew Hayden's 181. He is one of only a select few sportsmen to wear prescription spectacles while playing sport. He is currently playing club cricket in Dubai along with fellow Zimbabweans such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1878939",
"chunk_text": "\"Sanath Jayasuriya\"\ncurrently holds the fourth place for most centuries in a career, behind Indian cricketers Sachin Tendulkar (with 49 ODI centuries), Virat Kohli (35 ODI centuries) and Ricky Ponting (30 centuries). His second century, 134 against Pakistan in 1996, was scored at a strike rate of 206.15 and was the fastest century in ODI cricket at the time. This record was later broken by Pakistani cricketer Shahid Afridi. The 189 he made against India in 2000 is the sixth highest ODI score in a single innings. Making his second highest ODI score of 157 against the Netherlands in 2006, Jayasuriya paved",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16339389",
"chunk_text": "\"Lisa Sthalekar\"\nLisa Sthalekar Lisa Carprini Sthalekar (born 13 August 1979) is the former captain of Australia's international women's cricket team. In domestic cricket she represents New South Wales. She is a right-handed all rounder who bowls off spin, and was rated as the leading all rounder in the world when rankings were introduced. She is the first woman to score 1,000 runs and take 100 wickets in ODIs. She announced her retirement from international Cricket a day after Australian team won the 2013 Women's Cricket World Cup. Sthalekar made her debut in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) late in 1997–98",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11352575",
"chunk_text": "\"AB de Villiers\"\nHe is a three-time ICC ODI player of the year, winning the award in 2010, 2014 and 2015. He succeeded Graeme Smith after the 2011 Cricket World Cup for the ODI captaincy and Hashim Amla after the Second Test of the England in South Africa series for the Test captaincy. He stepped down from Test captaincy in December 2016 due to an elbow injury which kept him out of the team for a long period. De Villiers became the second-youngest and second-fastest South African to reach 1,000 test runs after Graeme Pollock. In his Test career so far has batted,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2818899",
"chunk_text": "\"Kumar Sangakkara\"\nwon player of the series for his 386 runs with 5 fifties. Sangakkara won a fan poll to find the One-Day International Greatest of All Time (GOAT) after an online polling process conducted by cricket.com.au in 2016. Sangakkara received more votes than India's Sachin Tendulkar in the final. The vote started with 64 one-day players and after 40 days and millions of votes, Sangakkara won the contest as the greatest ODI player of all time. On 7 March 2016, Sangakkara was appointed as a member of Sri Lanka's selection committee by sports minister Dayasiri Jayasekara. The committee was tasked to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824511",
"chunk_text": "\"Sachin Tendulkar\"\nhas been crossed in ODI cricket history. In the fourth Test of the 2008–09 Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia at Nagpur on 6 November 2008, Tendulkar surpassed Australia's Allan Border to become the player to cross the 50-run mark the most number of times in Test cricket history, and also the second ever player to score 11 Test centuries against Australia, tying with Sir Jack Hobbs of England more than 70 years previously. On 8 November 2011, Tendulkar became the first batsman to score 15,000 runs in Test Cricket. Tendulkar has consistently done well in Cricket World Cups. He was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3350428",
"chunk_text": "\"Xavier Marshall\"\nruns. The One Day series against Australia started poorly for Marshall, scoring 6 and 0. On 22 August 2008, Marshall broke the record for most sixes scored in an ODI, previously shared by Sanath Jayasuria and Shahid Afridi. He managed to hit 12 sixes in a score of 157* from 118 balls against Canada as the West Indies won the match by 49 runs. This record stood until 11 April 2011, when Shane Watson hit 15 sixes against Bangladesh. In September 2008, Marshall was training for the Stanford Super Series and was forced to withdraw from the team when it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5782966",
"chunk_text": "\"Tillakaratne Dilshan\"\nafter the age of 35 and surpassed Jayasuriya's record of 4,142 runs in 2015. Until retirement, Dilshan has scored 4,674 ODI runs after the age of 35, most by a player. On 9 November 2015, Dilshan became the highest run scorer for Sri Lanka in Twenty20 Internationals passing 1,493 runs of Mahela Jayawardena. With this feat, Dilshan also became the first Sri Lankan and third overall to pass 1,500 T20I runs, milestone achieved after Brendan McCullum, and JP Duminy. Until his retirement, he was only behind McCullum by runs in T20Is. During the third ODI against New Zealand on 31",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10421557",
"chunk_text": "\"Brian Lara\"\njust one of the 14 Test matches they had competed. In May 2006, Lara led the West Indies to successful One-Day series victories against Zimbabwe and India. Lara's team played Australia in the finals of the DLF Cup and the ICC Champions Trophy where they finished runners up in both finals. On 16 December 2006 he became the first player for the West Indies to pass 10,000 One Day International runs. along with Sachin Tendulkar one of only two players, at the time, to do so in both forms of the game. On 10 April 2007 Lara confirmed his retirement",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16991824",
"chunk_text": "\"Babar Azam\"\nBabar Azam Mohammad Babar Azam (; born 15 October 1994) is an international Pakistani cricketer who plays in all three formats for Pakistan. He captained the Pakistan Under-19 cricket team at the 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He also holds the record of scoring most runs after first 25 ODI Innings by any batsman in the world. Azam is currently the No. 1 T20I batsman and holds the world record of being the fastest batsman to score 1,000 runs (in just 26 innings) in T20I cricket breaking Virat Kohli's record of 27 innings. Babar Azam was born on 15",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8832564",
"chunk_text": "\"Gandhi Stadium\"\nstadiums in the state of Punjab will get an opportunity to host international cricket matches. The highest score in Test cricket was made by India who scored 374 against Pakistan. The most runs scored were by Anshuman Gaekwad (201 runs), Wasim Raja (125 runs) and Javed Miandad (66 runs). The most wickets taken were by Wasim Raja and Kapil Dev (4 wickets), along with Ravi Shastri (3 wickets). The highest score in ODI cricket was made by West Indies who scored 226 against Pakistan. The most runs scored were Dilip Vengsarkar (88 runs), Richie Richardson (77 runs) and Aamer Malik",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12808663",
"chunk_text": "\"Hashim Amla\"\n86th innings. In the same year he became the fastest cricketer to reach 16 centuries in ODIs in his 94th inning and fastest cricketer to 17 centuries in ODIs in his 98th innings. He scored 5 hundreds in ODIs in 2014. On 16 January 2015 against West Indies he became the fastest to reach 5,000 runs in ODIs in his 101st innings. On 18 January 2015 he became the fastest cricketer to 18 centuries in ODIs in his 102nd inning. On 3 March 2015 he became the fastest cricketer to reach 20 centuries in ODIs in his 108th inning. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10550676",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Papps\"\nMichael Papps Michael Hugh William Papps (born 2 July 1979) is a former New Zealand cricketer. In October 2016, he became the first player to score 10,000 runs in the Plunket Shield. In April 2018, he announced his retirement from the game. Papps made his first-class debut in the 1998-99 season for his local provincial club Canterbury Wizards, for which he would go on to make 6,663 runs, second most for an individual player for one province. He switched to Wellington Firebirds in July 2011 after twelves seasons with the Wizards. Papps is going to play for Burbage and Easton",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6934969",
"chunk_text": "\"David Warner (cricketer)\"\nrest of the series and the scheduled series to Bangladesh which didn't take place due to security issues. In 2016, Warner had a reversal of form, scoring more runs in ODIs than Tests. Nevertheless, he still scored his 5,000th Test run and 3,000th home Test run against Pakistan on 28 December 2016. Warner and Shane Watson have been the most successful opening pair in T20I history with 1108 runs(highest overall partnership runs by openers in T20Is). They are also the only opening pairs to have scored over 1000 runs in T20Is. Both Warner and Watson as pairs scored 1154 runs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13564459",
"chunk_text": "\"Impact Index\"\ntournament result for his team. In 2010, the T20 version of Impact Index was used as an “Official Stats Partner” for the Radiant Twenty20 USA tournament in the United States. The system was used to give out all the individual awards in the tournament. When applied over the history of One Day International (ODI) cricket in January 2011, it determined that Viv Richards was the greatest ODI player of all time. ESPNCricinfo came to the same conclusion through their studies six years later. This is the most written-about analytics system in cricket. After being on the front page of The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12130749",
"chunk_text": "\"Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association\"\nof the milestones in the cricketing career of Sachin Tendulkar. He scored his ten thousandth run during the ODI played at Indore against Australia in 2001 and became the first male cricketer to score a double century in ODI against South Africa at Gwalior in 2010. Add to this, the recent score of 219 runs by Virender Sehwag. Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association is a body controlling and governing the game of cricket in the State of Madhya Pradesh. MPCA is an affiliated unit of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). A look at the transition of MPCA",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12465304",
"chunk_text": "\"Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)\"\n304 runs. His innings propelled Pakistan's total to 399, which was their highest score in ODIs. Two days later, in the fifth match of the series, Zaman became the fastest player to score 1,000 runs in ODIs. He reached the milestone in 18 innings, beating the previous record of 21 innings, held by five other batsmen. Zaman went on to score 85 runs in the match, bringing his total to 515 runs in the series, the most by a Pakistan batsman in a bilateral ODI series. Zaman and Imam had scored 705 runs together across the series, the most by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12266421",
"chunk_text": "\"Ross Taylor\"\ncricket and 19 centuries in ODIs. He is the highest century maker for New Zealand in ODIs. best player Ross Taylor Luteru Ross Poutoa Lote Taylor (born 8 March 1984) is a New Zealand cricketer, who plays predominantly at number 4. Considered as one of the greatest cricketers ever from New Zealand, he became his nation's highest ODI century maker surpassing Nathan Astle, on 22 February 2017, with his 17th ODI century. Taylor has been an integral member of New Zealand's batting line-up, noticeably starring in the one-day format where his prominent century making keeps the team on target. Taylor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7154661",
"chunk_text": "\"MS Dhoni\"\nthe subsequent India-England seven-match ODI series. Dhoni, who received a 'B' grade contract in December 2005, was awarded an 'A' grade contract in June 2007. He was also elected as the captain of the Indian squad for the World Twenty20 in September 2007. On 2 September 2007, Dhoni equalled his idol Adam Gilchrist's international record for the most dismissals in an innings in ODI by catching five English players and stumping one. During the series between India and Australia in 2009, Dhoni hit an aggressive 124 runs in just 107 balls, in the second ODI, and a measured knock of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14952950",
"chunk_text": "\"Hansie Cronje\"\nterms of matches won, behind Ricky Ponting, Allan Border and Mahendra Singh Dhoni and in terms of percentage of wins (73.70), behind Ponting and Clive Lloyd. Between September 1993 and March 2000, he played in 162 consecutive ODIs, a South African record. Cronje has the record for playing the most consecutive ODI matches as captain (130) and is the only player to play in 100+ consecutive ODI matches as captain. On 7 April 2000, it was revealed there was a conversation between Cronje and Sanjay Chawla, a representative of an Indian betting syndicate, over match-fixing allegations. Three other players, Herschelle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5782940",
"chunk_text": "\"Tillakaratne Dilshan\"\noverall and first Sri Lankan to score 1,500 runs in Twenty20 Internationals, he is also the first player to hit 200 fours in T20Is. Dilshan scored 1000 or more ODI runs in a calendar year four times and never failed to amass fewer than 800 runs in any calendar year between 2009 and 2015. Dilshan was under-estimated in the cricket world as an ordinary player when he batted at number 6 and 7, unlike his revered teammates Mahela Jayawardene and Kumar Sangakkara. When he gained the opening batting position, Dilshan became one of the finest cricketers in the world and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_860
|
what do mobile numbers start with in the uk?
|
n/a
|
[
"0"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12594717",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nTelephone numbers in the United Kingdom Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the UK government's Office of Communications (Ofcom). For this purpose Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the \"\"National Telephone Numbering Plan\"\", which is the system for assigning telephone numbers to subscriber stations. The numbers are of variable length. Local numbers are supported from land-lines, or numbers can be dialled with a '0'-lead prefix that denotes either a geographical region or another service. Cell phone numbers have their own prefixes which are not geographical and are completely portable between providers. Since 28 April 2001,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12594726",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nallocated different ranges within the 073xx, 074xx, 075xx, 07624, 077xx, 078xx and 079xx area codes. Changes to mobile phone numbers in the Big Number Change were mostly straight replacements, such as Vodafone customers on the 0378 block became 07778. Since the advent of Mobile number portability, mobile phone number prefixes can no longer be relied on to determine the current operator of a particular mobile phone – only the original operator. 070 and 076 numbers are often charged at a much higher rate than calling the similar-looking 07xxx mobile telephone numbers. Personal numbers beginning 070 are regulated by Phone-paid Services",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136435",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\npart of the UK itself. Possible number formats for UK telephone numbers are: Number ranges starting 01 can have National Significant Number (NSN) length as 10 or 9 digits. The 0800 range can have NSN length as 10, 9 or 7 digits. The 0845 range can have NSN length as 10 or 7 digits. The 0500 range has NSN length as 9 digits only. There are no telephone numbers in the UK with an NSN length of 8 digits. Geographic telephone numbers in the UK always have nine or ten digits. Four-digit area codes have either six-digit subscriber numbers or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12594718",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nalmost all geographic numbers and most non-geographic numbers have 9 or 10 national (significant) numbers after the \"\"0\"\" trunk code. All mobile telephone numbers have 10 national (significant) numbers after the \"\"0\"\" trunk code. The overall structure of the UK's National Numbering Plan is: A short sample of geographic numbers, set out in the officially approved (Ofcom) number groups: In the United Kingdom, area codes are two, three, four, or, rarely, five digits long (after the initial zero). Regions with shorter area codes, typically large cities, permit the allocation of more telephone numbers as the local number portion has more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12594728",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nnumbers to providers would begin in March 2007. Whilst 01, 02 and 07 numbers can receive text messages, currently the majority of cellular network providers do not support the sending of text messages to 03 numbers. Three different ranges of numbers were announced; those beginning 030x are reserved for qualifying public bodies and non-profit organisations, those beginning 033x, which are available for allocation to anyone, and those beginning 034x and 037x which will be used for migration from the matching 084x and 087x number ranges respectively. Ofcom itself began using 03 numbers on 13 November 2007 for public use. Unlike",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17851334",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nPhONEday changes in 1995. Pre-existing mobile phone, non-geographic, premium rate and pager services continued to use the same 9-digit 02xx xxxxxx to 09xx xxxxxx numbers as before. It would be several more years before these would add a digit to become 10-digit numbers and move to the 07, 08 and 09 ranges in the Big Number Change in 2000-2001. From May 1997, new mobile phone services started using numbers beginning 077, 078 or 079 re-using area codes recently vacated by 9-digit geographic numbers. These new mobile numbers have 10 digits. BT Cellnet started with 07801 xxxxxx, 07803 xxxxxx, 07808 xxxxxx",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17467956",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\n084, 087 (except 0870) and 09 numbers charge a \"\"premium\"\" to the caller, numbers starting 0871, 0872, 0873, 090, 091 and 098 are covered by additional Premium Rate Services (PRS) regulation, generally have the highest costs, and are heavily regulated by the Phone-paid Services Authority. New \"\"adult\"\" services (SES) must use 098; legacy 0908 and 0909 numbers also carry these services. With the increased price differential, the use of non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom has been a major cause of bill shock. Pollster YouGov found that 49% of mobile users have been surprised to see how much they",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5078555",
"chunk_text": "\"UK telephone code misconceptions\"\nmodifications to the way British telephone numbers are written. As a consequence of these changes, many people were left with a misunderstanding of how the system of area codes and local numbers operates. A standard United Kingdom fixed telephone number (i.e. a landline, or geographical number, as opposed to a mobile telephone number or special rate non-geographic fixed line) is divided into three parts, the trunk prefix code (0 in the UK), an STD code (area code) followed by a local number. The STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling) code indicates the geographical area of the number, and is dialled before the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136455",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nin all member states of the European Union. Both 999 and 112 are used to contact all emergency services: Police, Fire Service, Ambulance Service, and Coastguard. (Standard advice for Mountain Rescue or Cave Rescue is to ask the emergency operator for the police, who oversee the communication with these two services.) Both numbers can be called from mobile phones with the keylock on, or without entering the PIN where that would otherwise be required. Although some mobile phones allow emergency calls to be attempted without a SIM card, at present the UK networks reject such calls. Since November 2009, an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3066848",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nthe case with the 070 personal numbering range, the 080 freephone range and service numbers starting 084, 087 and 09. All non-geographic numbers offer similar functionality, with the main difference being the charge levied on the caller. The major non-geographic prefixes now in use are: 0800 and 0808 numbers are free-to-caller from landlines, mobile phones and payphones alike. The organisation receiving the call pays the cost of the call. Numbers starting with '03' are non-geographic numbers charged at standard geographic rates. Calls to these numbers cost exactly the same as calls to regular local or national landlines (those starting with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12594719",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\ndigits. Local customer numbers are four to eight figures long. The total number of digits is ten, but in a very few areas the total may be nine digits (after the initial zero). The \"\"area code\"\" is also referred to as an \"\"STD (code)\"\" (subscriber trunk dialling) or a \"\"dialling code\"\" in the UK. The code allocated to the largest population is (020) for London. The code allocated to the largest area is (028) for all of Northern Ireland. The UK Numbering Plan also applies to three British Crown dependencies—Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man—even though they are not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881479",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nPagers moved into 076xx, while personal numbers moved to 070. Mobile phone numbers moved into the 077xx, 078xx and 079xx ranges (and more recently, 075xx and 074xx have also been brought into use). The exception to this was Manx Telecom mobile phone numbers, where the code became 07624 in order to match the 01624 used for landlines. In addition, lower and higher rate non-geographic numbers (previously called lo-call or local-rate and national-rate numbers, though these terms are no longer recommended to be used as they can be misleading) A summary of the migration path for the existing mobile and pager",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136436",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\na mix of five- and six-digit subscriber numbers. This is the format used by most areas. It has a four-digit area code (after the initial zero) and a six digit subscriber number, and is known as 4+6 format. These area codes were changed by adding a \"\"1\"\" directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Just short of 581 areas use this format, and the area codes range from 01200 to 01998. Almost all (01xxx) area codes now have only six digit subscriber numbers, but a small number of these areas also have some subscriber numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13943089",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nin 1995. Five-digit area codes have either five-digit subscriber numbers or a mix of four- and five-digit subscriber numbers. Five-digit area codes always share their first four digits with four-digit area codes. This is the oldest geographic number format and is used for twelve smaller towns and villages where the subscriber number is either five or (in one area code) four digits long. These are known as 5+5 and 5+4 format. Therefore, the STD code and the subscriber number does not always total ten digits after the initial zero trunk code. These area codes were changed by adding a \"\"1\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6743103",
"chunk_text": "\"Toll-free telephone number\"\nthe rest. In the United Kingdom, toll-free telephone numbers are generally known as \"\"freephone\"\" numbers (British Telecom numbers are officially \"\"Freefone\"\") and begin with the prefixes 0800, 0808 or the Cable & Wireless \"\"Freecall\"\" prefix 0500. The most commonly used prefix is 0800, first used in November 1985. Additionally, numbers in the range 0808 80x xxxx are reserved for not-for-profit helplines. Since 1 July 2015, all 0800 and 0808 numbers have been free to call from landlines and mobile phones alike. Most mobile phone operators had charged for such calls previously, with Orange being the final major network to introduce",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13943088",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nthe pattern \"\"02x\"\", and an eight-digit subscriber number, and this is known as 2+8 format. The first four digits of the local number identifies a small area within the town or city. At the time of the change, the subscriber part of the number gained an extra digit in London, those in Northern Ireland gained two or three digits, and the subscriber part of the number in the other areas gained two digits. All of these areas were also subject to a previous code change, one that added a \"\"1\"\" directly after the initial zero, as a part of PhONEday",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136437",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nonly five digits in length (see next section). Six of the four-digit area codes are known as \"\"mixed\"\" areas as they share those four digits with the twelve five-digit area codes. This leads to a restriction as to which initial digits can be used for subscriber numbers within those four-digit area codes, e.g. in the 01387 four-digit area code, subscriber numbers cannot begin with a 3 because 013873 is a separate five-digit area code; likewise in the 01946 four-digit area code, subscriber numbers cannot begin with a 7 because 019467 is a separate five-digit area code. This is used for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136442",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\ninitial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. Two-digit area codes always have eight-digit subscriber numbers and always begin 02. This is the newest geographic number format. It is used for the third tier of large cities and for Northern Ireland, and was formed as a part of the Big Number Change in 2000. The new area code is much shorter than the old one, and begins 02 unlike the previous 01 area codes. Numbers in these five areas are commonly misquoted, e.g. London as 0207 or Cardiff as 02920. The numbers consist of a two-digit area code matching",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19805893",
"chunk_text": "\"Personal numbering\"\nPersonal numbering Personal numbering is the name for the virtual telephone number service in the UK. Typically the national destination code used for this service is (0)70. The service provides a flexible virtual telephone number able to be routed to any other number, including international mobiles. For example, the UK number +44 70 0585 0070 might route to an Inmarsat satellite phone number, allowing the user to have a UK number while roaming globally. This service has however been reported as having \"\"significant scamming activity\"\" of various sorts. In the United States, AT&T ran a trial in 1991 which led,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136452",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nalso have non-geographic numbers allocated. On the Isle of Man, both fixed (01624) and mobile phone (07624) numbers can be dialled locally in the six-digit format. Ofcom has also reserved certain number ranges for use in television dramas and films, so as to avoid the risk of people having their telephone numbers displayed, and receiving unwanted calls. This is similar to the use of fictitious telephone numbers in the United States and Canada starting with the digits 555. In most of the large cities with three-digit area codes a range of numbers is reserved, usually all the numbers starting with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13943105",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\npurpose. Local electricity network operators can be reached on 105 to report power cuts. Two telephone helplines within the regular code space have only eight digits, namely 0800 1111 for ChildLine and 0845 4647 for NHS Direct in Wales. Since the mid-1990s speaking clock services have been available throughout Britain using the number 123. Before this, exchanges in \"\"Director\"\" areas (Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, London and Manchester) dialled 846 (TIM), later changing to 123, and main exchanges in \"\"non-Director\"\" areas originally used \"\"952\"\", later changing to \"\"80\"\" with the introduction of STD and eventually to \"\"8081\"\" as other recorded services",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3569616",
"chunk_text": "\"Telecommunications in the United Kingdom\"\nIn addition, companies such as Virgin Mobile UK and Tesco Mobile act as mobile virtual network operators, using the infrastructure of other companies. There is a set numbering plan for phone numbers within the United Kingdom, which is regulated by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), which replaced the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) in 2003. Each number consists of an area code—one for each of the large towns and cities and their surroundings—and a subscriber number—the individual number. Mobile IMSI is the actual number assigned to it the mobile telephone number, and provided with individual license to the MNOs. In 1998",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3066850",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nare: 0300, 0301, 0302, 0303, 0306, 0330, 0331, 0332, 0333, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0370, 0371 and 0372. While all 03 numbers operate the same way, some sub-ranges have restrictions on their use. These are the non-geographic numbers starting 084, 087 and 09. They are also known as premium rate numbers. Prior to 2015, they were also known as special rate or business rate numbers. These numbers have a two-part charging structure. Call charges consist of a per-minute access charge levied by the caller's own phone company and a service charge or 'premium' paid to the joint benefit of the organisation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17851326",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\n5678, 0303 456789, 03873 56789, 0800 445566. The long term plan is for migration to 10 digit numbering in the UK and in 1991 this started with new 0800 numbers being allocated with 10 digits. With multiple operators joining the market, administration was passed to an independent regulator. Oftel took over administration of the UK’s telephone numbers from BT in 1994. On \"\"PhONEday\"\", 16 April 1995, the digit \"\"1\"\" was inserted into all UK geographic area codes, including those in the director, all-figure dialling, ELNS and mixed areas. Under the new changes, for example, Inner London's 071 became 0171; Outer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10878499",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nDirect 0845 46 47 line (in England and Wales) and the NHS 24 08454 24 24 24 line (in Scotland). Extra capacity assigned in late 2010, following consultation. In the other 01x1 area codes, only (0121) 8xx, (0121) 9xx, (0131) 9xx and (0161) 5xx have yet to be allocated. 0171 and 0181 are no longer in use and 0101 and 0111 have never been allocated. In November 2010, Ofcom proposed to abandon renumbering in areas running short of capacity and instead provide extra capacity by starting to use local numbers beginning '0' and '1', and removing the option of dialling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9256071",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\n(National Savings and Investments), 0500 2 88 2 91 (BBC Radio 2, 88 to 91 FM), 0500 600 600 (Crimewatch), 0500 600 700 (Watchdog), and 0500 909 693 (BBC Radio 5 Live, 909 and 693 kHz). Numerous universities, government departments, airlines, banks and businesses also used these numbers. They were allocated before the general trend of using longer numbers started in 1997 and long before the rest of the 05 range was assigned to corporate and VoIP numbering after 2000. The range was withdrawn by Ofcom in July 2017 as a result of a series of consultations starting from 2012",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17467950",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nbrought into use for a variety of purposes including competitions, recorded information, chat lines and television voting. The BT prefixes 0891 and 0898 became well-known, but a wide variety of other prefixes were also used including 0338, 0660, 0890 and 0991. From July 1998, numbers starting with 090 were progressively made available for all new premium-rate services. Initially, these were further subdivided by type: 0909 was for adult services, while 0907 was intended to be used as a pay-for-product range. A year later, on 1 July 1999, the promotion of services using older premium rate prefixes not starting with 090",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12594724",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nas the termination points for non-geographic numbers, and by some automated systems such as alarms. As such they are not usually meant to be directly dialled. These numbers have been problematic as some mobile phone operators in the UK do not allow access to these ranges, and there may also be difficulty accessing these numbers from outside the UK. Regulator Ofcom proposes that in future these numbers be released for wider, general-purpose use in up to 70 area codes facing number shortage. In order to avoid confusion with codes beginning with these digits, the area code must always be dialled,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17467935",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nlegislation. As a freephone call results in no charge to the caller, the organisation receiving the call pays the call cost. The original range of telephone numbers starting '03' was progressively cleared between 1995 and 2001: former geographic area codes starting 03 were renumbered to start 013 during the national PhONEday renumbering, while premium rate, local rate and mobile phone prefixes such as 0331, 0345 and 0378 were transferred to a simplified structure of 09, 08 and 07 numbers. The 03 numbering range was then designated as available for any new geographic area codes that might be created during further",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3066867",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nincludes a 'service charge' which allows for the possibility of what is known as revenue sharing. For any telephone call to a non-geographic number, there are four parties involved: the caller, the originating telecommunications company (or 'telco'), the terminating telco and the called party. The caller pays their telephone bill to the originating telco. The called party is supplied their non-geographic telephone number by the terminating telco, which will have issued with specific blocks of non-geographic numbers by Ofcom. Each block will have a specific service charge associated with it - for example, numbers starting 0845 748 are BT numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9256086",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nwere introduced on 80X1 codes. Some mobile operators allocate other services to 123—such as customer services or voicemail etc. Short codes beginning with 1 are reserved for telecom service providers' own functionality; some of the most well-known are codes for use with Caller Display: Many fixed line telephone subscribers, e.g. of BT, Virgin Media, SkyTalk, TalkTalk, and PlusNet, have the opportunity to use an automated messaging service which takes messages when the called number is either engaged (\"\"busy\"\") or not answered within a given time. This can be accessed by calling 1571. For fixed line users, it is possible to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6548127",
"chunk_text": "\"UK telephone code misconceptions\"\nwhose local 7-digit string began with a number other than 9, starting with 3xx-xxxx: The United Kingdom adopts an open dialling plan for area codes within its public switched telephone network. Therefore, all area codes have a preceding \"\"0\"\" when dialling from within the United Kingdom. When dialling a UK number from abroad, the zero must be omitted. Because of this, it has become common (but incorrect) practice to write telephone numbers used both nationally and internationally with the 0 in parentheses, for example: +44 (0)20 7946 0234; if the number is dialled with the parenthesised zero, the call will",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17851380",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nor 03 and should not be using numbers that begin 070, 084, 087 or 09. The 034 and 037 ranges are reserved specifically for 084 and 087 migration. GPs using 084 and 087 numbers can migrate to the equivalent 034 or 037 version of their number without ending their phone service contracts. Alternatively they can move to brand new 030 or 033 numbers or to a geographic 01 or 02 number. Only a few GPs and NHS services have chosen 03 numbers even though this should be the most obvious solution since 03 numbers allow the same call queueing and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10881477",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\njust the Cardiff area, it may in the future cover all of Wales. The code for Northern Ireland is (028). The transition codes for Northern Ireland are shown below. These can be accessed from the Republic of Ireland using either the domestic code 048, or the international prefix 00 44 28. The prefixes for existing numbers in Northern Ireland are split up into seven groups, roughly based upon the county in which the main exchange is based. The initial digit of each phone number is based on the designated county—for example, the first county alphabetically is County Antrim so numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17181538",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nthe prefixes 0321, 0500 and 0800 were all in use and allocated to Vodafone, Mercury Communications and BT respectively. Typically, the relevant prefix was followed by a six-digit number, giving a total number length of ten digits including the initial '0'. Increased competition and a shortage of the popular 0800 numbers in the early 1990s saw various strategies employed to increase freephone capacity. Newly issued 0800 numbers were lengthened to include seven digits after the 0800 prefix, and the additional 0808 prefix was introduced during 1997. Also during the 1990s, deregulation allowed companies other than BT to acquire 0800 numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17851365",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\npersonal numbers should migrate to 06, to replace the 070 prefix that is sometimes confused with mobile phone numbers. There is no cap on retail caller charges. Ofcom wanted 070 and 06 numbers to have a price cap, and 07 numbers to be used exclusively for mobile phones. Companies such as Hospedia (formerly Patientline) use 070 personal numbers. After an in-depth study to better understand the market, Ofcom has changed its mind and is now proposing to drop the 060 migration concept and decided that the forced migration to 060 is no longer seen to be objectively justifiable. Premium rate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16878593",
"chunk_text": "\"Toll-free number portability\"\nrate and freephone numbers. Vanity numbers, such as phonewords or short 13- series shared-cost service numbers, are made available by auction. United Kingdom numbers in the 0800 range (BT Freefone) first became portable in June 1997. Previously, rival carriers used differing area codes, 0800 for BT Freefone and 0500 for Cable & Wireless Freecall numbers. Germany, Netherlands, Sweden and Belgium also introduced portability schemes in the late 1990s. In the original InWATS service, introduced in 1967, there was no number portability. Each exchange prefix in the +1-800 area code was assigned to a specific carrier in a specific region (for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17851338",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nup to competition, many other companies also allocated these numbers to users. Usage of pre-existing 10- and 9-digit 0800 numbers and pre-existing 9-digit 0500 numbers continued as before. Additionally, numbers in the range 0808 80x xxxx are reserved for not-for-profit helplines and as such are usually free to call from most mobile telephones. A number of other numbers can also called for free from mobiles, but this varies by network. From 1996 onwards, Oftel brought various new 10-digit non-geographic 0845 and 0870 numbers into use. Only certain sub-parts of each code were made available for immediate use. Numbers at 0845",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13943090",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\ndirectly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. The number of places using these two formats has declined rapidly in recent decades and Brampton is the last place in the UK with four-digit local numbers. The above twelve area codes and their six 'parent' area codes (01387, 01524, 01539, 01697, 01768 and 01946) are known as 'Mixed' areas due to multiple area codes sharing the same SABC digits (i.e. the initial zero and the following four digits). These ranges have subscriber numbers beginning with the digits \"\"0\"\" or \"\"1\"\", e.g.: Currently, these numbers are mostly used",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15136449",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\ncustomers about their access charge for calling each number range. Additionally, the EU Consumer Rights Directive requires that many entities that held 084 and 087 numbers will no longer be allowed to use them. The directive bans the usage of numbers that cost more than calling a geographic number for customer service and complaints lines, and other such purposes. From 1 July 2015, the charge for calls to 084, 087, 09 and 118 numbers is split into two parts: An access charge (payable to the company you make your phone calls with - e.g. BT, EE, Sky, etc.) and a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19805895",
"chunk_text": "\"Personal numbering\"\ncall costs. In its full format (e.g. +44 70 0585 0070) an 070 number will be internationally recognisable as a UK number - even though it might in fact terminate to a mobile number anywhere - this feature is used in a variety of scams. Personal numbering Personal numbering is the name for the virtual telephone number service in the UK. Typically the national destination code used for this service is (0)70. The service provides a flexible virtual telephone number able to be routed to any other number, including international mobiles. For example, the UK number +44 70 0585 0070",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13943107",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\noverride the carrier pre-selection (CPS) on a per-call basis, dialling a special code before the number, e.g. 1280 for BT, 1664 for LowerCall, or 1844 for Daisy. Ofcom defines the range for these as: \"\"124 to 140, 143 to 146, 148 to 149, 160 to 169, and 181 to 189 inclusive. Numbers of up to 5-digits used to access an Indirect Access Provider (‘Type B Access Codes’)\"\". Telephone numbers in British Overseas Territories do not come under the UK telephone numbering plan. These calls are treated as international calls. Below are the access codes for the overseas territories: Telephone numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10878427",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nlong STD code retains four-digit local numbering. Long STD codes are rare. Many people are not familiar with the (0xx xx), nowadays (01xx xx) format; or the now discontinued (0xx xxx) format, and often omit the space in written form. The director areas used a shorter area code, usually in the form 0x1 (01 for London) with a 7-digit local subscriber number. These were: The codes 071, 081, and 091 were reserved for later expansion, with the former two eventually being temporarily allocated to London (see below). Within the director areas, the first three digits of the seven digit subscriber",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15450874",
"chunk_text": "1-5-7-1\n1-5-7-1 1-5-7-1 is the name of a family of calling features in the United Kingdom, for residential and business telephone lines and for mobile telephones, that are provided by BT Group and several other telephone service providers. The family is named after the telephone number 1571, the special service number that is used to access it. Call Minder is the name of BT's highest level of 1571 service. The 1571 feature was introduced by BT Group to the UK in the 1990s after they digitised all the telephone exchanges. several other telephone service providers in the British Isles also provided",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10878509",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nallocations and their history are detailed in the table below. The Cellnet mobile 0401 allocation stayed in use for about a decade before these numbers were transferred to the 07701 range in the Big Number Change in 2000. Nowadays all 16 of the area codes freed up in the 1980s (albeit now with a 1 prefix, e.g. 0401 is now 01401) remain unused and are available for future geographic expansion. Area codes for mobile phone, local rate, premium rate and other such special numbers originally used ordinary looking area codes in the 02xx to 09xx range. In the early 1980s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17851327",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nLondon's 081 became 0181. A small selection of the codes that changed are shown in the table below: This was done with a view to reorganising the numbering plan at a later date, so that the first and second digits would indicate the type of service called: Five new area codes were introduced for cities that were running low on phone numbers—and a digit was prepended to each existing local number. Most of the initial local number ranges created by PhONEday were exhausted within just a few years. New local numbers then began to be allocated with a different initial",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9256072",
"chunk_text": "\"Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nThere is one short \"\"special\"\" number in this range, 0800 1111 for Childline. Additionally, numbers in the range 0808 80x xxxx are reserved for not-for-profit helplines and as such are usually free to call from most mobile telephones. A number of other numbers can also called for free from mobiles, but this varies by network. With the exception of 080x freephone numbers, 08xx numbers are charged above geographic rates, with some of the extra revenue going to the terminating telco. This additional revenue may be shared with the subscriber, but is often used instead to subsidise additional network services, such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17181539",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-geographic telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nand issue them to their customers, as well as allowing customers with existing freephone numbers to retain them when changing telecoms supplier. With the 0800 and 0808 ranges established as the primary freephone ranges, the 0321 number range was withdrawn during 2001. The 0500 number range will be withdrawn during 2017. Major mobile phone operators went through a period of charging callers to dial most freephone numbers from around 2005 onwards - but this practice largely ceased on 1 July 2015 as 0800 and 0808 numbers became universally free to call from mobiles and landlines due to changes in Ofcom",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10878515",
"chunk_text": "\"History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom\"\nand update the list. For those that did not, problems accessing some numbers were beginning to develop. The 0930 code was mainly used for premium rate services, but 0930 7xxxxx was used by One2One for mobile telephone services. Some people found that calls to all 0930 numbers were barred and hence also those mobile phones. To overcome this, the 0961 7xxxxx range was mirrored on to 0930 7xxxxx. These were all 9-digit numbers. From 1998 onwards, 090x numbers with 10 digits started coming into use for premium rate services. As with 084 and 087 numbers, certain small number blocks within",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19109665",
"chunk_text": "\"National conventions for writing telephone numbers\"\nnumber of people who continue to use the second generation, with the numbers starting with 011, 016, 017, so on. As with the landline home numbers, the mobile numbers' middle three-digit part is extended to four digits (e.g., \"\"01X-XXXX-XXXX\"\") due to the increased number of mobile phone users. For mobile numbers in the international context, \"\"82 (0)1X-XXX-XXXX\"\" or \"\"82-(0)1X-XXXX-XXXX\"\" are most often used. As with the home phone numbers, the plus (+) sign is often added to the country code (e.g., \"\"+82 01X-XXX-XXXX\"\" or \"\"+82-01X-XXXX-XXXX\"\") If an area code starts with 070, the number does not belong to any particular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_861
|
who has won the most f1 grand prix?
|
n/a
|
[
"Michael Schumacher"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6776486",
"chunk_text": "\"Alain Prost\"\nAlain Prost Alain Marie Pascal Prost (born 24 February 1955) is a retired French racing driver and a four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion. From 1987 until 2001 Prost held the record for most Grand Prix victories and is considered as one of the greatest F1 drivers ever. Michael Schumacher surpassed Prost's total of 51 victories at the 2001 Belgian Grand Prix. In 1999, Prost received the \"\"World Sports Awards of the Century\"\" in the motor sport category. Prost discovered karting at the age of 14 during a family holiday. He progressed through motor sport's junior ranks, winning the French and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11849971",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\ndrivers have won the World Drivers' Championship, with Michael Schumacher holding the record for most championships with seven, as well as holding the race wins record. Juan Manuel Fangio and Lewis Hamilton have won the next most – five championships each. Jochen Rindt is the only posthumous World Champion, after his points total was not surpassed despite his fatal accident at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix, with 4 races still remaining in the season. Drivers from the United Kingdom have been the most successful in the sport, with 18 championships among 10 drivers, and 278 wins among 19 drivers. Most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12901195",
"chunk_text": "\"Alain Prost\"\nbe hired as a special adviser for the Renault Formula One Team. Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.<br> All Formula One race and championship results are taken from: Alain Prost Alain Marie Pascal Prost (born 24 February 1955) is a retired French racing driver and a four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion. From 1987 until 2001 Prost held the record for most Grand Prix victories and is considered as one of the greatest F1 drivers ever. Michael Schumacher surpassed Prost's total of 51 victories at the 2001 Belgian Grand Prix.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3794891",
"chunk_text": "\"Italian Grand Prix\"\nOne championship). Elio de Angelis and Riccardo Patrese both won the San Marino Grand Prix in 1985 and 1990 respectively, which was held not in the small principality, but at Imola near Bologna in Italy. Michael Schumacher has won it five times and both Nelson Piquet and Lewis Hamilton have won it four times. Ferrari have won their home Grand Prix 19 times. \"\"Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.\"\"<br> \"\"A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.\"\"<br> \"\"A yellow background indicates an event which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15517576",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nEuropean home climb to around fifty percent – meaning the World Championship, which visits four of the six continents, truly deserves its name. 2004 was Michael Schumacher's most recent of his record seven World Championships. Schumacher also holds the record for the most races won – with ninety-one. Despite Ferrari's dominance (taking 15 wins from the 18 races), the battle back in the pack was much more open than 2002, as powerhouses McLaren and Williams got off to horrendous starts with radical new cars. As could have been expected, Renault were quick to capitalize on the misfortunes of the two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11791555",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One racing\"\nchange in the awarding of world championship points has rendered the comparison of historical teams and drivers to current ones largely ineffective. For instance, Michael Schumacher is widely credited with being the most successful GP driver of all time. While his statistics are very impressive and easily outstrip those of his nearest competitor, it is worth noting that his points tally vs points available, and winning percentage of grands prix entered, do not significantly exceed those of Juan Manuel Fangio, whom he recently dethroned as winner of the most World Championships. As with most other sports, it is very difficult",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Michael Schumacher\"\nMichael Schumacher Michael Schumacher (; ; born 3 January 1969) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix, Benetton and Ferrari, where he spent the majority of his career, as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport. Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever, and regarded by some as the greatest of all time, Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships, five of which he won consecutively. The most successful driver in the history of the sport, Schumacher holds",
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"chunk_id": "107526",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nthe engine and connected by a rod running through the V of the engine. This new technology gave Mercedes and their customer teams many advantages over their competitors due to the need for less cooling and a more compact power unit. The only other drivers to win races during this period are Daniel Ricciardo (7) and Max Verstappen (5) of Red Bull, along with Sebastian Vettel (13) and Kimi Räikkönen (1) of Ferrari. On top of this Mercedes have won the drivers' championship from 2014-2018 (4 for Hamilton and 1 for Rosberg) and have taken the constructors' title from 2014-2018,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "4775265",
"chunk_text": "\"French Grand Prix\"\nAlain Prost won the race six times at three different circuits; however German driver Michael Schumacher has won eight times – the most anybody has ever won any Grand Prix. Monégasque driver Louis Chiron won it five times, and the Argentine driver Juan Manuel Fangio and British driver Nigel Mansell both won four times. In December 2016, it was confirmed that the French Grand Prix would return in 2018 at the Circuit Paul Ricard. \"\"A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.\"\"<br> \"\"A yellow background indicates an event which was part of",
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Germany\"\nthe sport\"\". He is statistically the best driver, holding many records including the most world championships, most wins, most fastest laps, most points, and formerly held the record for most pole positions (surpassed by Lewis Hamilton during the 2017 season). He won an unprecedented seven world championship titles, firstly in 1994 and then his second in 1995. Those titles came while Schumacher was a driver for Benetton but in 1996 he left to join Ferrari, a team who were, at the time, in disarray and without a champion driver since 1979. Over the next few seasons Schumacher and Ferrari saw",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Germany\"\nhaving by far the most victories. Vettel has wins to date. Ralf Schumacher won six Grands Prix and Heinz-Harald Frentzen won three. Wolfgang von Trips, who became the first German driver to win a Grand Prix, won two races both of which were in 1961. Nico Rosberg has won 23 races and Jochen Mass has won one. Sebastian Vettel won the World Championship in , , and . He is the youngest driver to win the title. Vettel is seen as one of the greatest qualifiers in the sport and holds the record for the most consecutive front row starts,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "18466292",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Brazil\"\nall time. In an \"\"Autosport\"\" survey, drivers were asked to vote for the greatest driver in history, and Senna was chosen as number one. He finished on the podium 80 times, nearly half of the races in which he competed, and won 41 events. He was a master of the Monaco Grand Prix, winning it five times consecutively, a feat never achieved by any other driver on any circuit. Nelson Piquet won three titles in a career that spanned 14 seasons. He made his Formula One debut in 1978 as a privateer before securing a drive with Brabham. He spent",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "19621879",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom\"\nwon the season he was disillusioned with the sport, having seen Ferrari teammate Peter Collins die in an accident at Nürburgring. Hawthorn had been reluctant to complete the season and quit Formula One immediately after the final race. Just a few months later, in January 1959, Hawthorn died when his speeding Jaguar skidded off a wet road. Nigel Mansell has won 31 Grands Prix, placing him seventh in the overall race winners' list and making him, by that measure, the second most successful British driver after Lewis Hamilton. He also holds the record for the most races completed in his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "18466290",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Brazil\"\nsince 1969. Brazil produced three world champions, all of whom won more than once. Emerson Fittipaldi was the first Brazilian to secure the Drivers' Championship, winning in 1972 and 1974. Nelson Piquet managed one better, winning the championship three times in the 1980s and became the first Brazilian triple world champion. In 1991 31-year-old Ayrton Senna won his third title, making him the youngest ever three-time world champion at that time. Six Brazilian drivers won at least one Grand Prix, with a combined total of 101 wins. Ayrton Senna has won the most races with 41 victories, while Nelson Piquet",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_id": "6776530",
"chunk_text": "\"Alain Prost\"\nfor most Grand Prix victories — a record which stood for almost a decade. On the podium in Adelaide in 1993, Prost's last race, he and Senna embraced. Prost was surprised by the gesture, as Senna had declined a handshake the race before. Prost's performances earned him an OBE. German Michael Schumacher broke Prost's record of 51 Grand Prix wins during the 2001 season. However, the Frenchman still holds the records for the most Grand Prix starts in turbo powered cars (126), most wins at home Grand Prix (six at the French Grand Prix) and wins with most different teams",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom\"\nchampion. Lewis Hamilton won by just one point in 2008, with Jenson Button winning the following year, in 2009. Lewis Hamilton became the fourth British multiple world champion when he won his second title in 2014. The British Grand Prix has been won by eleven British drivers: Stirling Moss, Peter Collins, Jim Clark, Jackie Stewart, James Hunt, John Watson, Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill, Johnny Herbert, David Coulthard, and Lewis Hamilton. They have won the event 25 times between them. Eight other British men have also won Formula One races, but never the British Grand Prix. These are Mike Hawthorn, Tony",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "20979002",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish Grand Prix\"\nthe Spanish government, and in 1991, the event moved to this new track, where it has remained since. The 1992 event was advertised as the Grand Prix of the Olympic Games. Since that race the race has been held in early season, usually in late April or early May. The Williams team dominated the first outings there, taking all victories until 1994. Michael Schumacher has won a total of six times, including his 1996 victory in heavy rain, which was his first for Ferrari. Mika Häkkinen took three victories and was on road for fourth in 2001 before his car",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "18466300",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Brazil\"\nLance Stroll for the 2017 season. On 4 November 2017, Massa confirmed that he would be retiring from Formula One at the end of the 2017 season. Formula One drivers from Brazil There have been 31 Formula One drivers from Brazil including three world champions. Ayrton Senna, the three-time title winner, is regarded by many as the best driver in the history of Formula One. Nelson Piquet also won the title three times and Emerson Fittipaldi was a two-time winner. Rubens Barrichello holds the record for the most races contested and finished as the championship runner-up in two seasons. Following",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "15106284",
"chunk_text": "\"Belgian Grand Prix\"\nPrix at the Nürburgring, rather than the Nürburgring rotating with the Hockenheimring. In January 2015, the economy minister of the Walloon Government Jean-Claude Marcourt, confirmed a contract extension to host the Belgian Grand Prix race at Spa through 2018. Michael Schumacher has won the Belgian Grand Prix 6 times and Ayrton Senna won 5 times; including 4 times in a row in 1988–1991, and Kimi Räikkönen and Jim Clark both won 4 times (Clark also won 4 times in row in 1962–1965). The fastest lap of the current circuit during a Belgian Grand Prix was set by Mercedes driver Valtteri",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "11849916",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\nharder compound could not grip the track as well. Drivers from McLaren, Williams, Renault (formerly Benetton), and Ferrari, dubbed the \"\"Big Four\"\", won every World Championship from to . The teams won every Constructors' Championship from to as well as placing themselves as the top four teams in the Constructors' Championship in every season between 1989 and 1997, and winning every race but one (the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix) between 1988 and 1997. Due to the technological advances of the 1990s, the cost of competing in Formula One increased dramatically. This increased financial burdens, combined with the dominance of four",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "17029721",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Brazil\"\nFormula One drivers from Brazil There have been 31 Formula One drivers from Brazil including three world champions. Ayrton Senna, the three-time title winner, is regarded by many as the best driver in the history of Formula One. Nelson Piquet also won the title three times and Emerson Fittipaldi was a two-time winner. Rubens Barrichello holds the record for the most races contested and finished as the championship runner-up in two seasons. Following the retirement of Felipe Massa after the 2017 season, in 2018 there were no Brazilian drivers entered for the World Championship, the first time this had occurred",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\npoint, in the joint longest ever (nineteen-race) season. For most of the season, the title looked like it could have gone to either Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel or Mark Webber, or either McLaren's Lewis Hamilton or reigning World Champion Jenson Button (also at McLaren). But, the Ferrari of Fernando Alonso clawed back 47-points after the British Grand Prix, to be leading the Drivers' Championship with two races left. A record four drivers were still in contention for the title going into the final round in Abu Dhabi. They were Alonso, Webber, Vettel and Hamilton (placing in that order in number",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nwill give the drivers up to the equivalent of 160 hp when activated; the current KERS gives cars an extra 80 hp when activated. Since the start of the 2014 season, the Mercedes team and their drivers Lewis Hamilton, Nico Rosberg and Valtteri Bottas have dominated the sport, winning 74 of the 100 races (51 for Hamilton, 20 for Rosberg and 3 for Bottas). This astounding and historic winning streak has been the result of Mercedes development of the \"\"split turbocharger\"\", a system in which the compressor and turbine components of the turbo charger are placed at separate sides of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_text": "\"Brazilian Grand Prix\"\nwas a rain soaked race, there were multiple accidents and an astonishing drive from the Dutch teenager Max Verstappen, son of former F1 driver Jos Verstappen, who drove his Red Bull from 16th to 3rd in 15 laps after his team botched its tire strategy. Five Brazilian drivers have won the Brazilian Grand Prix, with Emerson Fittipaldi, Nelson Piquet, Ayrton Senna and Felipe Massa each winning twice, and Jose Carlos Pace winning once. The most wins ever is by the Frenchman Alain Prost, who has won the race 6 times (including 5 times at Jacarepaguá). Argentine driver Carlos Reutemann and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "6848658",
"chunk_text": "\"Riccardo Patrese\"\nRiccardo Patrese Riccardo Gabriele Patrese (born 17 April 1954) is an Italian former racing driver, who raced in Formula One from to . He became the first Formula One driver to achieve 200 Grand Prix starts when he appeared at the 1990 British Grand Prix, and the first to achieve 250 starts at the 1993 German Grand Prix. Patrese entered 257 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix and started 256 races making him the seventh most experienced F1 driver in history, after Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Jenson Button, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa. He was runner-up in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "587684",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom\"\nonly the fourth different person to win the title. In the 15 seasons between 1962 and 1976 the title was won by a British driver nine times: Graham Hill (1962, 1968), Jim Clark (1963, 1965), John Surtees (1964), Jackie Stewart (1969, 1971, 1973), and James Hunt (1976). Despite these successes, it wasn't until 2015 that a British champion retained their title, when Lewis Hamilton achieved this, following on from his victory in 2014. Hunt's victory was the last title until 1992, Nigel Mansell's winning season. Graham Hill's son Damon won in 1996 before another lengthy period without a British world",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nthe Constructors' Championship in the penultimate round in Brazil, and Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel won the championship in the final round of the 2010 season at Abu Dhabi. Mercedes GP (formerly Brawn GP) had a much less successful and winless season than 2009 with their two new drivers – seven-time World Champion Michael Schumacher who returned to Formula One, but was regularly beaten by fellow German, Nico Rosberg. McLaren and Ferrari had better seasons in 2010, finishing second and third in the constructors, respectively. The Drivers' Championship was very closely fought, with six men leading the championship at one",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "10686826",
"chunk_text": "\"Niki Lauda\"\nrespected and the only person he had envied. Lauda appears in an episode of \"\"Mayday\"\" titled \"\"Niki Lauda: Testing the Limits\"\" regarding the events of Lauda Air Flight 004. Niki Lauda Andreas Nikolaus \"\"Niki\"\" Lauda (born 22 February 1949) is an Austrian former Formula One driver and a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in , and . He is currently the only driver to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. He is considered by some as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time. More recently an aviation entrepreneur, he",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "3415397",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayrton Senna\"\nBrazilian cyclist Murilo Fischer wore a helmet based on Senna's helmet colour scheme of yellow with green and blue stripes on stage 11 of the 2015 Giro d'Italia, which finished on the Imola circuit. Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed. Senna holds these Formula One records: Ayrton Senna Ayrton Senna da Silva (; 21 March 1960 – 1 May 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver who won three Formula One world championships for McLaren in 1988, 1990 and 1991, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19621877",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom\"\nthat \"\"Few champions were as dominant. Fewer still are remembered so fondly.\"\" An \"\"Autosport\"\" survey taken by 217 Formula One drivers saw Clark voted as the fifth greatest F1 driver of all time just ahead of fellow Scottish driver Jackie Stewart. Jackie Stewart won in 1969, 1971, and 1973. By the time of his retirement he had won 27 races, a record that would stand until finally being bettered by Alain Prost in 1987. Stewart remained highly active with the sport, running his own team and being one of the most vocal proponents for the improvement of safety standards in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
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"chunk_text": "\"Formula One drivers from Italy\"\nfinishes. Giancarlo Fisichella is the most recent Italian driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix having won in 2006. It was his third and final victory and came in his most successful season, one which saw him finish the year fourth in the drivers' championship. Fisichella featured on the podium at 19 of the 229 races he started. Riccardo Patrese competed in Formula One for 17 years, standing on the podium 31 times including six victories. He started 256 races, placing him as one of the top three most experienced Formula One drivers in history, and finished just under",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "11849911",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\n\"\"proved difficult to police effectively\"\". The teams signed a second Concorde Agreement during 1992 and a third in 1997, which expired on the last day of 2007. On the track, the McLaren and Williams teams dominated the 1980s and 1990s, with Brabham also being competitive during the early part of the 1980s, winning two Drivers' Championships with Nelson Piquet. Powered by Porsche, Honda, and Mercedes-Benz, McLaren won sixteen championships (seven constructors' and nine drivers') in that period, while Williams used engines from Ford, Honda, and Renault to also win sixteen titles (nine constructors' and seven drivers'). The rivalry between racers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "15517514",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nwith overseas races usually falling at the start or end of the season, a pattern which has continued to this day. There were also a number of non-championship races run outside Europe; the South African Grand Prix was occasionally one of these. British and English-native speaking drivers dominated the racing scene in the 1960s. Britons Graham Hill, Jim Clark, John Surtees and Jackie Stewart won 7 championships combined in that decade- Australian Jack Brabham won 2 championships, New Zealander Denny Hulme won a championship in 1967 and American Phil Hill won a championship in 1961. In 1968, Lotus lost its",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15668395",
"chunk_text": "\"Monaco Grand Prix\"\nhonorary designation given each year to one Grand Prix race in Europe. Graham Hill was known as \"\"\"\"Mr. Monaco\"\"\"\" due to his five Monaco wins in the 1960s. Brazil's Ayrton Senna won the race more times than any other driver, with six victories, winning five races consecutively between 1989 and 1993. In 2018, Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso criticised Monaco GP as the \"\"most boring race\"\" due to limited opportunities of overtaking during the Grand Prix. Like many European races, the Monaco Grand Prix predates the current World Championship. The principality's first Grand Prix was organised in 1929 by Antony",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6571138",
"chunk_text": "\"Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours\"\nchange the approach to strategy at this circuit as it made the pitlane much shorter. Because less time was lost making a pit stop, Michael Schumacher was able to win the 2004 French Grand Prix using an unprecedented four-stop strategy. In 2006, Michael Schumacher became the first driver ever to win any single Formula One Grand Prix a total of 8 times and at the same circuit. The 2008 race was to mark the last French Grand Prix at Magny-Cours, as the French Grand Prix had been indefinitely suspended from the Formula One calendar. Bernie Ecclestone originally confirmed that F1",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\nmany F1 drivers, with champions, including Nigel Mansell, Ayrton Senna and Mika Häkkinen having moved straight from that series to Formula One. More rarely a driver may be picked from an even lower level, as was the case with 2007 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen, who went straight from Formula Renault to F1, as well as Max Verstappen, who made his debut following a single season in European F3. American open-wheel car racing has also contributed to the Formula One grid with mixed results. CART champions Mario Andretti and Jacques Villeneuve became F1 World Champions, while Juan Pablo Montoya won seven",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Williams Grand Prix Engineering\"\nRosberg; Britain's Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill and Jenson Button; France's Alain Prost; Brazil's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna; and Canada's Jacques Villeneuve. Each of these drivers, with the exception of Senna and Button, have captured one Drivers' title with the team. Of those who have won the championship with Williams, only Jones, Rosberg and Villeneuve actually defended their title while still with the team. Piquet moved to Lotus after winning the championship, Mansell moved to the American-based Indy Cars after winning the championship, Prost retired from racing after his 4th World Championship in , while Hill moved to Arrows after",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "15604534",
"chunk_text": "England\nat Silverstone was the first race in the newly created Formula One World Championship. Since then, England has produced some of the greatest drivers in the sport, including; John Surtees, Stirling Moss, Graham Hill (only driver to have won the Triple Crown), Nigel Mansell (only man to hold F1 and IndyCar titles at the same time), Damon Hill, Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button. It has manufactured some of the most technically advanced racing cars, and many of today's racing companies choose England as their base of operations for its engineering knowledge and organisation. McLaren Automotive, Williams F1, Team Lotus, Honda,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15694000",
"chunk_text": "Germany\nsport. Porsche has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race 19 times, and Audi 13 times (). The driver Michael Schumacher has set many motor sport records during his career, having won seven Formula One World Drivers' Championships, more than any other. He is one of the highest paid sportsmen in history. Sebastian Vettel is also among the top five most successful Formula One drivers of all time. Also Nico Rosberg won the Formula One World Championship. Historically, German athletes have been successful contenders in the Olympic Games, ranking third in an all-time Olympic Games medal count (when combining",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11849979",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\nGrands Prix a season, a large number of non-championship Formula One events also took place. The number of Grands Prix increased to an average of sixteen/seventeen by the late 1970s; simultaneously non-championship events ended by 1983. More Grands Prix began to be held in the 2000s, and recent seasons have seen an average of 19 races. In the calendar peaked at twenty-one events, the highest number of world championship races in one season. Six of the original seven races took place in Europe; the only non-European race that counted towards the World Championship in 1950 was the Indianapolis 500, which",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_text": "\"Juan Manuel Fangio\"\nchampion, a title he successfully defended a year later. Fangio then competed in Europe between 1947 and 1949 where he achieved further success. He won the World Championship of Drivers five times—a record which stood for 47 years until beaten by Michael Schumacher—with four different teams (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and Maserati), a feat that has not been repeated. He is regarded by many as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time and holds the highest winning percentage in Formula One – 46.15% – winning 24 of 53 Formula One races he entered. Fangio is the only Argentine",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15697093",
"chunk_text": "\"Culture of Germany\"\nGermany is one of the leading motorsports countries in the world. Race-winning cars, teams and drivers have come from Germany. The most successful Formula One driver in history, Michael Schumacher, has set many significant motorsport records during his career, having won more Formula One World Drivers' Championships and more Formula One races than any other driver since Formula One's debut season in 1950. He is one of the highest paid sportsmen in history and became a billionaire athlete. Constructors like BMW and Mercedes are among the leading manufacturers in motorsport. Additionally, Porsche has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12502775",
"chunk_text": "\"Culture of Brazil\"\n(official version of indoor football), and footvolley emerged in the country as variations of football. In martial arts, Brazilians have developed capoeira, vale tudo, and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. In auto racing, Brazilian drivers have won the Formula One World Championship 8 times: Emerson Fittipaldi in 1972 and 1974; Nelson Piquet in 1981, 1983, and 1987; and Ayrton Senna in 1988, 1990, and 1991. Brazil has undertaken the organization of large-scale sporting events: the country organized and hosted the 1950 FIFA World Cup, and the 2014 FIFA World Cup event. The circuit located in São Paulo, called Autódromo José Carlos Pace, hosts",
"is_relevant": null,
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15517574",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nMontoya, but Schumacher prevailed, taking the championship by two points at Suzuka. It seemed that 2003 was the perfect balm to ease the memories of the previous season, with 8 different race winners (including first-time victories for Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen and Giancarlo Fisichella) and 5 different teams, including both Renault (for the first time in twenty years) and Jordan, who grabbed a lucky win in a wild Brazilian Grand Prix. In 2004 Ferrari and Schumacher returned to almost total dominance of the championships, winning both with ease - in the first thirteen races of the season, Schumacher managed to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "611655",
"chunk_text": "\"Fernando Alonso\"\nthe driver with the sixth highest number of Grand Prix wins, with 32. As a winner of the Monaco Grand Prix and the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Alonso is one of just thirteen drivers (with Juan Pablo Montoya, one of two still active) to have won two of the three races that make up the Triple Crown of Motorsport. Nicknamed , a typical pseudonym for \"\"Fernando\"\" in Asturias, his place of birth, Alonso acts as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF. Fernando Alonso was born in Oviedo, Asturias in northern Spain. His mother worked in a department store and his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11849981",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\nFrench Grand Prix, pre-date the formation of the World Championship and were incorporated into the championship as Formula One races in 1950. The British and Italian Grands Prix are the only events to have been held every Formula One season; other long-running races include the Belgian, German and French Grands Prix. The Monaco Grand Prix, first held in 1929 and run continuously since 1955, is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world. Traditionally each nation has hosted a single Grand Prix, which carries the name of the country. If a single",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15517573",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Formula One\"\nthe most expensive (and, more importantly, most lucrative) in the world by this time. Also, a number of major manufacturers had joined Formula One since 2000 - there were now 8 manufacturers participating in some form in Formula One. Toyota, Ford/Jaguar and Renault had joined as full works teams, and Mercedes, Honda, BMW and Cosworth were all supplying engines to specific teams. In 2003, despite heavy rule changes (such as a new points system) in order to prevent another year of Ferrari dominance, Schumacher won the championship once more. He was run close by both Kimi Räikkönen and Juan Pablo",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11849975",
"chunk_text": "\"Formula One\"\nwhen first signed to an F1 team: e.g., Räikkönen received the licence despite having only 23 car races to his credit. Most F1 drivers retire in their mid to late 30s. Some F1 drivers have left to race in the United States—Nigel Mansell and Emerson Fittipaldi duelled for the 1993 CART title, Rubens Barrichello moved to IndyCar in 2012, while Jacques Villeneuve, Juan Pablo Montoya, Nelson Piquet Jr. and Scott Speed moved to NASCAR. Some drivers have moved from F1 to racing in disciplines with fewer races during the season. The German touring car championship, the DTM, is a popular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13569098",
"chunk_text": "\"Sport in Italy\"\nas they started the sport back in 1950, when the sport first started. They have won 16 constructors' championships and 15 drivers' championships. This team is also the most successful engine manufacturer in the sport, and this shows in their performance in their F1 team and cars. Their greatest driver statistically is Michael Schumacher and their latest F1 drivers are Sebastian Vettel and Kimi Räikkönen. Giacomo Agostini (born 1942) is the holder of the record of 122 motorcycle Gran Prix wins and 15 World championship titles in two classes: 8 in the 500cc, the other 7 in the 350cc; Valentino",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8682947",
"chunk_text": "\"Hungarian Grand Prix\"\nin the technically inferior Arrows-Yamaha, but his car lost drive on the last lap causing him to coast in second place. In 2014, Lewis Hamilton finished in third, six seconds behind winner Daniel Ricciardo, despite starting the race from the pit lane. In 2001, Michael Schumacher equalled Alain Prost's then record 51 Grand Prix wins at the Hungaroring, in the drive which also secured his fourth Drivers' Championship which also matched Prost's career tally. The 2006 Grand Prix was the first to be held here in wet conditions. Button took his first victory from 14th place on the grid. At",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_862
|
who is the present rajya sabha speaker of india?
|
n/a
|
[
"Venkaiah Naidu"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
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"chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the Lok Sabha\"\nSpeaker of the Lok Sabha The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha (House of the People), the lower house of the Parliament of India. The speaker is elected generally in the very first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha (House of people), and is by convention a member of the ruling party or alliance. The current speaker is Sumitra Mahajan of the Bharatiya Janata Party, who is presiding over the 16th Lok Sabha. She",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "17300727",
"chunk_text": "\"Rajya Sabha\"\nsittings of the Houses of Parliament of India are rare, and in the history of the Republic, only three such joint-sessions have been held; the latest one for the passage of the 2002 Prevention of Terrorism Act. The Vice President of India (currently, Venkaiah Naidu) is the \"\"ex-officio\"\" Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. The Deputy Chairman, who is elected from amongst the house's members, takes care of the day-to-day matters of the house in the absence of the Chairman. The Rajya Sabha held its first sitting on 13 May 1952. The salary and other benefits",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "17154639",
"chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\ndesignated to fill in when the speaker is not available. The current Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha is Biman Banerjee and the current Deputy Speaker is Haider Aziz Safwi who replaced Sonali Guha, who had been Speaker since May 2011, in May 2016. In the Vidhan Sabha, a simple majority vote in the Assembly in which all present members participate determine both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker — the presiding officers — who are also its members. The party in power proposes the name of their candidate after its candidate after titular hearings with Leaders of other",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_id": "16746936",
"chunk_text": "\"Premchand Aggarwal\"\nPremchand Aggarwal Premchand Aggarwal is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Aggarwal is a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Rishikesh constituency in Dehradun district where he has a residence.He is originally from Doiwala. He has been MLA for Rishikesh consecutively in three terms since 2007 Assembly election. In the 2017 Assembly election he defeated his nearest rival Rajpal Singh Kharola of Indian National Congress by the margin of 14,801 votes. As of March 2017, he is the current Speaker of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly as he was elected unopposed by the newly elected",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
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"chunk_id": "2004549",
"chunk_text": "\"Narendra Modi\"\nNarendra Modi Narendra Damodardas Modi (; born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current Prime Minister of India since 2014. He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014, and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar, Modi helped his father sell tea as a child and later ran his own stall. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, beginning a long association with the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "16746937",
"chunk_text": "\"Premchand Aggarwal\"\nmembers. Premchand Aggarwal Premchand Aggarwal is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Aggarwal is a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Rishikesh constituency in Dehradun district where he has a residence.He is originally from Doiwala. He has been MLA for Rishikesh consecutively in three terms since 2007 Assembly election. In the 2017 Assembly election he defeated his nearest rival Rajpal Singh Kharola of Indian National Congress by the margin of 14,801 votes. As of March 2017, he is the current Speaker of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly as he was elected unopposed by the newly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12011075",
"chunk_text": "\"M. Thambidurai\"\nDharmapuri, Krishnagiri districts of Tamilnadu and Hiriyur in Karnataka. Thambidurai contested the 2014 Lok Sabha elections from Karur (Lok Sabha constituency) in Tamil Nadu and was subsequently elected as a member of the Indian Parliament. He has been serving as the leader of AIADMK in the Lok Sabha since 2009. M. Thambidurai Munisamy Thambidurai (born 15 March 1947) is an Indian politician who serves as the current Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha and leader of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He had served as the Cabinet",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17300728",
"chunk_text": "\"Rajya Sabha\"\nfor a member of Rajya Sabha are same as for a member of Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha members are elected by state legislatures rather than directly through the electorate by single transferable vote method. From 18 July 2018, Rajya Sabha MPs can speak in 22 Indian languages in House as the Upper House has facility for simultaneous interpretation in all the 22 official languages of India. Article 84 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for membership of Parliament. A member of the Rajya Sabha must: In addition, twelve members are nominated by the President of India having special knowledge",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_id": "13734815",
"chunk_text": "\"P. Sreeramakrishnan\"\nthe Calicut University Students' Union in 1988. He also served as the District President of SFI Palakkad Committee from 1988 to 1991. After working at the block and District Committees of the Democratic Youth Federation of India for a decade, Sreeramakrishnan became its State President in 2005. He had been the President of the DYFI Central Committee from 2007 to 2012. He is a CPI(M) state committee member. He was the CPI(M) candidate for the 2011 Assembly election in Ponnani constituency. P. Sreeramakrishnan P. Sreeramakrishnan (born 14 November 1968) is an Indian politician. He is the current Speaker of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_id": "2151439",
"chunk_text": "\"Rajya Sabha\"\nthe President. The 12 nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are persons who are eminent in particular fields, and are well known contributors in the particular field. Members of Rajya Sabha by their political party (As of 16 December 2018): Besides the Chairman (Vice-President of India) and the Deputy Chairman, there is also a position called \"\"Leader of the House\"\". This is a cabinet minister – the Prime Minister if he is a member of the House, or another nominated Minister. The Leader has a seat next to the Chairman, in the front row. Besides the Leader of the House,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "9427988",
"chunk_text": "\"Kailash Chandra Meghwal\"\nKailash Chandra Meghwal Kailash Chandra Meghwal (born 22 March 1934) is the present Speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, former union minister of state in Government of India and a national vice president of Bharatiya Janata Party. He represents MLA of Shahpura, Bhilwara constituency of Rajasthan in 14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly & Ex-MP Tonk constituency of Rajasthan in 14th Lok Sabha. He was minister of state for social justice and empowerment from 2003 to 2004. Born in 1934 in Udaipur District he did MA and LLB from University of Rajasthan. He was imprisoned in emergency in 1975 and released in 1977.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Kariya Munda\"\nKumar (its speaker) and Sri Kariya Munda (Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha) were unanimously elected to their posts. Hailing Mr. Munda's election, the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh hoped that the spirit of accommodation seen in the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, would continue through the duration of the 15th Lok Sabha. Pranab Mukherjee, then the Leader of the House [presently, the President of India], was glad that a 32-year-old unbroken tradition of having the Deputy Speaker from the Opposition, which had begun in 1977, the very 1st year when Sri Munda entered the Lok Sabha, had been",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "19771658",
"chunk_text": "\"Constitution Club of India\"\nreferred as Club and to register it under the Societies Registration Act 1860. After the Independence, the Club has emerged as a platform for exhibitions, vital meetings, events, press conferences, elite parties & social hangouts between the present and former Members of Parliament. Smt. Sumitra Mahajan, Hon'ble Speaker Lok Sabha, President. She is the 16th Speaker of Lok Sabha. Shri P. J. Kurien, Hon'ble ex-Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha & Shri Hardeep Singh Puri, Hon'ble Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Housing and Urban Affairs, are the Vice President. Shri M. Thambidurai, Hon'ble Deputy Speaker Lok Sabha is the General Secretary.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Venkaiah Naidu\"\nhe concurrently served as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. A year later, he resigned from both offices to contest the 2017 Vice-President election. He won the election to become India'15th Vice President. He obtained 516 votes against UPA candidate Gopalkrishna Gandhi, who received 244 votes. Venkaiah Naidu Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (born 1 July 1947) is an Indian politician and the current Vice President of India, in office since 11 August 2017. Previously, he served as the Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Urban Development and Information and Broadcasting in the Modi Cabinet. A prominent leader of the Bharatiya Janata",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Meira Kumar\"\n(34.35%) received by Meira Kumar. Kovind became the first ever BJP candidate to become President. Despite losing by a margin of more than 3.30 Lakh votes, she polled the highest ever votes by a losing candidate, a total of 3.67 lakh votes out of 10.69 lakh valid votes polled. Meira Kumar Meira Kumar is an Indian politician and five-time Member of Parliament who was the United Progressive Alliance nominee for President of India in the 2017 election. She was elected unopposed as the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha and served from 2009 to 2014. Prior to being a member",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\nthe Assembly, without latter motions being voted upon. Once the final tally of votes is declared, the Chief Minister and Leader of the Opposition escort the Speaker elect to the Chair. His speech, in which he thanks the Assembly, marks the start of the tenure of the new Speaker. The Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha has to be an MLA. The current speaker, Biman Banerjee, is the MLA from the Baruipur Paschim constituency. To become the Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India, not less than 25 years of age.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "17562251",
"chunk_text": "\"Ratnakar Pandey\"\nbrigade” in the Rajya Sabha. Dr Pandey died on 1 September 2018 after a prolonged illness. Ratnakar Pandey Dr Ratnakar Pandey was a veteran Indian National Congress leader from Uttar Pradesh. He was the former Member of Parliament representing Indian National Congress in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament. He is referred one of the closest to former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi and former UPA Chairperson Smt.Sonia Gandhi. Pandey, well known for his knowledge of Hindi and its promotion as an official language, was a graduate of Banaras Hindu University and played a key role",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "6370517",
"chunk_text": "\"Rajeev Chandrasekhar\"\nRajeev Chandrasekhar Rajeev Chandrasekhar (born 31 May 1964) is an Indian politician and Multimillionaire entrepreneur who is currently serving as Member of Parliament in the upper house (Rajya Sabha) of the Indian Parliament. He is the Member of Bharatiya Janata Party as of 2018 and also the vice-chairman of the Kerala wing of Bharatiya Janata Party-led coalition National Democratic Alliance. He represents the state of Karnataka. He also currently serves as member of the Parliament, Standing Committee on Defence, Consultative Committee on Finance, the Central Advisory Committee for the National Cadet Corps, Co-Chairman of District Development Coordination & Monitoring Committee,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "10060840",
"chunk_text": "\"Abhishek Singhvi\"\n2014, he was fined 57 crore by the Income Tax Settlement Commission for failing to furnish documents supporting his claims of expenditure for running his office. Abhishek Singhvi Abhishek Singhvi (born 24 February 1959) is an Indian lawyer and politician. As politician, he is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) and a current Member of the Parliament of India representing West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Indian Parliament. He is also a spokesperson for the INC. He completed his school from St. Columba's School. He obtained B.A.(Hons.), M.A., Ph.D., PIL educated at St.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Biman Banerjee\"\nBanerjee's advice, a decision which was welcomed by the Leader of the Opposition, Suryakanta Mishra. After Biman Banerjee was elected, he was taken to the Speaker's Chair by Mishra, Prabodh Chandra Sinha and Subhas Naskar, where he engaged in the protocol of exchanging courtesies with the outgoing speaker, Hashim Abdul Halim. Biman Banerjee Biman Banerjee is an Indian politician who has been Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly since 2011. Born in Barishal, (Presently Bangladesh) and brought up in Garden Reach,Kolkata Banerjee graduated from the Goenka college and completed his master's degree in commerce and simultaneously in law from",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Venkaiah Naidu\"\nVenkaiah Naidu Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu (born 1 July 1947) is an Indian politician and the current Vice President of India, in office since 11 August 2017. Previously, he served as the Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Urban Development and Information and Broadcasting in the Modi Cabinet. A prominent leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, he also served as its national president from 2002 to 2004. Earlier, he was the Union Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. He took the oath as Vice-President of India on 11 August 2017. Venkaiah Naidu was born on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "426000",
"chunk_text": "\"Abhishek Singhvi\"\nAbhishek Singhvi Abhishek Singhvi (born 24 February 1959) is an Indian lawyer and politician. As politician, he is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) and a current Member of the Parliament of India representing West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Indian Parliament. He is also a spokesperson for the INC. He completed his school from St. Columba's School. He obtained B.A.(Hons.), M.A., Ph.D., PIL educated at St. Stephen's College, Trinity College, Cambridge and Harvard University. Singhvi completed his Ph.D. under constitutional lawyer Sir William Wade of Cambridge University. The topic of his doctoral",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "16530763",
"chunk_text": "\"Karu Jayasuriya\"\nappointed Jayasuriya as Minister of Public Administration, Democratic Rule and Buddha Sasana after his victory in the presidential election. At the first session of the 8th Parliament, he was elected as Speaker on 1 September 2015. His name was proposed by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe and seconded by Nimal Siripala De Silva. Karu Jayasuriya Deshabandu Karu Jayasuriya, MP (; born 29 September 1940) is a Sri Lankan politician and a statesmen. He is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Previously he was Mayor of Colombo from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Power and Energy from 2001 to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "14983185",
"chunk_text": "\"M. Thambidurai\"\nM. Thambidurai Munisamy Thambidurai (born 15 March 1947) is an Indian politician who serves as the current Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha and leader of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He had served as the Cabinet Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs and as the Minister of State of Surface Transport from March 1998 to April 1999. He had also served as the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1985 to 1989. Thambidurai started his political career as a youth worker and student activist",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15525090",
"chunk_text": "\"Meira Kumar\"\nMeira Kumar Meira Kumar is an Indian politician and five-time Member of Parliament who was the United Progressive Alliance nominee for President of India in the 2017 election. She was elected unopposed as the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha and served from 2009 to 2014. Prior to being a member of the 15th Lok Sabha, she had been elected earlier to the 8th, 11th, 12th and 14th Lok Sabha. She served as a Cabinet Minister in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment of Manmohan Singh's Congress led Government (2004–2009). Kumar was the joint presidential candidate by the leading",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Ram Nath Kovind\"\nreservation for religious and linguistic minorities in government jobs. Although more recently, the issue was raised in the media if whether or not he was misquoted and that he in fact said “Islam and Christianity are alien to the notion (of caste)” as opposed to what was reported as \"\"nation\"\". Ram Nath Kovind Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian politician currently serving as the 14th President of India, in office since 25 July 2017. Previously he had served as the Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2012233",
"chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the Lok Sabha\"\nspeaker is fixed by the president. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the speaker. The speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the Parliament of India. The counterpart of the speaker in the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States) is its chairperson; the Vice President of India is the \"\"ex-officio\"\" chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the order of precedence, the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the Chief Justice of India. The speaker is answerable to the house. Both the speaker and deputy speaker may",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "1745679",
"chunk_text": "India\nsupport of other parties. The incumbent Indian prime minister is Narendra Modi, a former chief minister of Gujarat. On 20 July 2017, Ram Nath Kovind was elected India's 14th president and took the oath of office on 25 July 2017. India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which \"\"majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law\"\". Federalism in India defines the power distribution between the union, or central, government and the states. The government",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "113892",
"chunk_text": "\"Meira Kumar\"\nwas briefly inducted as member of the cabinet as Union Minister for Water Resources. Upon being nominated for the position of Speaker of Lok Sabha, she submitted her resignation three days after assuming ministerial office. She was elected as the first ever woman speaker of Lok Sabha. She served as the Speaker from 2009 to 2014. Meira Kumar was the UPA presidential nominee for the 2017 election, which she lost to the NDA nominee Ram Nath Kovind. Kovind got 2,930 votes (MPs and MLAs) amounting to Electoral College votes of 7,02,044 (65.65%) as compared to 1,844 votes amounting to 3,67,314",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Parliament of India\"\ncomplex. The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex. A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Former Speaker, Meira Kumar. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag. The Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head. The President of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8207242",
"chunk_text": "\"Harivansh Narayan Singh\"\nHarivansh Narayan Singh Harivansh (born 30 June 1956) is an Indian journalist and politician, who is the current Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He did his graduation & Post graduation in Economics from Banaras Hindu University and also holds Diploma in Journalism. He resides at Ranchi. He has worked in several different media publications through his career, starting with the Times of India. He served as an additional media advisor to former Prime Minister Chandrashekhar. He joined the then obscure and nearly dead Hindi publication Prabhat Khabar in 1989, and scaled it",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "1897201",
"chunk_text": "\"Nanik Rupani\"\nthe academy paid a tribute to the nation’s beloved leader, late Mr. Rajiv Gandhi. A life-size portrait of late Mr. Rajiv Gandhi was presented to Shivraj Patil, speaker of the Lok Sabha, to be installed in the Central Hall of Parliament, New Delhi. Rupani was born in undivided India (now Pakistan) in 1941. With a choiceless situation at the front, all the wealth and property was left and he moved to India with his family at the age of 6. Nanik and family moved to Wadala, a modest distant suburb of Mumbai. His father was a trader who later had",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "9427989",
"chunk_text": "\"Kailash Chandra Meghwal\"\nHe was president of Udaipur Bar Association and a member of senate of Udaipur University. Kailash Chandra Meghwal Kailash Chandra Meghwal (born 22 March 1934) is the present Speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, former union minister of state in Government of India and a national vice president of Bharatiya Janata Party. He represents MLA of Shahpura, Bhilwara constituency of Rajasthan in 14th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly & Ex-MP Tonk constituency of Rajasthan in 14th Lok Sabha. He was minister of state for social justice and empowerment from 2003 to 2004. Born in 1934 in Udaipur District he did MA and LLB",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "16530754",
"chunk_text": "\"Karu Jayasuriya\"\nKaru Jayasuriya Deshabandu Karu Jayasuriya, MP (; born 29 September 1940) is a Sri Lankan politician and a statesmen. He is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Previously he was Mayor of Colombo from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Power and Energy from 2001 to 2004, Minister of Public Administration and Home Affairs from 2007 to 2008, and Minister of Buddha Sasana, Public Administration, and Democratic Governance in 2015. He has served as Chairman of the Leadership Council of the United National Party (UNP), as well as Deputy Leader of the UNP. He is a Member of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "3106451",
"chunk_text": "\"Lok Sabha\"\nHouse of the People as the President may appoint for the purpose. The Lok Sabha has also a separate non-elected Secretariat staff. Shri G. V. Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha (15 May 1952 – 27 February 1956) and Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy Speaker (30 May 1952 – 7 March 1956). In the 16th Lok Sabha, Sumitra Mahajan is the Speaker and M. Thambidurai is the Deputy Speaker. Lok Sabha is constituted after the general election as follows: Members of 16th Lok Sabha by their political party (As of 16 December 2018): Lok Sabha",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2009397",
"chunk_text": "\"Arun Jaitley\"\nArun Jaitley Arun Jaitley (born 28 December 1952) is an Indian politician and advocate, who is a Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Jaitley previously held the cabinet portfolios of Finance, Corporate Affairs, Commerce and Industry and Law and Justice in the Vajpayee government (1998–2004) and served as the Minister of Defence in the Narendra Modi government as additional charge. From 2009 to 2014 he served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha. He is a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India. Arun",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15277428",
"chunk_text": "\"Sumitra Mahajan\"\nof the 'Panel of Chairmen' in the Lok Sabha. She took the step of suspending 25 Congress MPs for five days (August 2015) from House for indiscipline in the House. Sumitra Mahajan Sumitra Mahajan (born 12 April 1943) is an Indian politician who is the Speaker of the 16th Lok Sabha. She belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2014, she got elected to the Lok Sabha for the eighth time, one of three members of the 16th Lok Sabha to do so, and is currently the longest-serving woman member. She has represented the Indore constituency of Madhya Pradesh since 1989.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11040364",
"chunk_text": "\"Asad Qaiser\"\nHe received 78,970 votes and defeated Maulana Fazal Ali Haqqani. Following his election, he abandoned his provincial assembly seat PK-44 (Swabi-II) in favor of the national assembly seat NA-18 (Swabi-I). On 10 August 2018, he was nominated by PTI for the office of the Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan. On 15 August 2018, he was elected Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan. He received 176 votes against 146 votes of Syed Khurshid Ahmed Shah. Asad Qaiser Asad Qaiser (; born 15 November 1969) is a Pakistani politician who is the current Speaker of the National Assembly of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20001140",
"chunk_text": "\"Piyush Goyal\"\nPiyush Goyal Piyush Vedprakash Goyal (born 13 June 1964) is an Indian politician and the current minister of Railways, Coal in the Government of India. He was elevated to Cabinet Minister position on 3 September 2017. He is currently a Member of Parliament for Rajya Sabha from the state of Maharashtra and was earlier the National Treasurer of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He headed the BJP's Information Communication Campaign Committee and oversaw the publicity and advertising campaign of the party including the social media outreach for the Indian General Elections 2014. Mr. Goyal is the 2018 Carnot Prize Recipient",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4195773",
"chunk_text": "\"P. J. Kurien\"\nP. J. Kurien Pallath Joseph \"\"P. J.\"\" Kurien is an Indian politician, a social worker and educationist. He was the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India, until he retired on 30 June 2018. A leader of the Indian National Congress party, Kurien previously served as a Union Minister in the P. V. Narasimha Rao government and was a member of the Lok Sabha for six consecutive terms from 1980 to 1999. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2005. P. J. Kurien was born on 31 March 1941 to P. G.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7338096",
"chunk_text": "\"Ram Nath Kovind\"\nRam Nath Kovind Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian politician currently serving as the 14th President of India, in office since 25 July 2017. Previously he had served as the Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election. Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practiced in the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court until 1993. Kovind was born on 1 October",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20240398",
"chunk_text": "\"Biman Banerjee\"\nBiman Banerjee Biman Banerjee is an Indian politician who has been Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly since 2011. Born in Barishal, (Presently Bangladesh) and brought up in Garden Reach,Kolkata Banerjee graduated from the Goenka college and completed his master's degree in commerce and simultaneously in law from the University of Calcutta. His grandfather, Satish Chandra Banerjee, and his father, Pranotosh Banerjee, were reputed lawyers. He was employed in the Bank of India but subsequently left the job and joined the legal profession. He also served as a part-time lecturer in commercial & industrial law in Hari Mohan Ghosh",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17427925",
"chunk_text": "\"Kamal Nath\"\nKamal Nath Kamal Nath (born 18 November 1946) is an Indian politician and the 18th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state. As a leader of the Indian National Congress he has served as the Minister of Urban Development. He is one of the longest serving and most senior members of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament. He was appointed the Pro Tem Speaker of the 16th Lok Sabha. He has been elected nine times from the Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh. Nath was elected president of the Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1981512",
"chunk_text": "\"Brij Behari Lal Butail\"\nof Palampur after India's independence. After him, his elder brother Kunj Behari Lal Butail became the MLA. He did his schooling in Palampur and later earned the degree of B.A. and L.L.B. from University of Delhi. Butails have had cordial relations with the central leaders of the INC like Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi and current representatives like Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi. He was elected to State Legislative Assembly for the first time in 1985 and again in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2012. After his victory in 2012 elections, he was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the H.P.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1688674",
"chunk_text": "\"Prakash Javadekar\"\nPrakash Javadekar Prakash Javadekar (born 30 January 1951) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and is the incumbent Union Minister of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India. He was elected to the upper house Rajya Sabha as a Member of Parliament from Maharashtra in 2008, and re-elected from Madhya Pradesh in 2014. Following the victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2014 Indian General Election, he was appointed Minister State (Independent Charge) for Environment, Forests and Climate Change by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He is also a Minister",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1735791",
"chunk_text": "\"Jaikrishan Jajoo\"\nfunction on 12 January 2018 where the Chief Guest was Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India. Award was given by Mr Yogi Adinath, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and Minister of Youth affairs Mr. Rajyavardhan Singh. . Bhamashah Award: Government of Rajasthan has honored him with coveted Bhamashah Award on 28 June 2016 by The Hon’ble Shri Kailash Meghwal, the Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly & Shri Vasudev Devnani (Education Minister). International Vaish Federation Award: He was felicitated by International Vaish Federation for his outstanding contribution in transforming the lives of underprivileged children by educating them and making",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3557808",
"chunk_text": "\"P. A. Sangma\"\nLok Sabha elections in 2009, and at 29, was the youngest minister in the UPA ministry. On the morning of 4 March 2016, Sangma died from cardiac arrest in New Delhi. He was aged 68. He was awarded a posthumous Padma Vibhushan in 2017 becoming the first recipient of Padma Vibhushan from Meghalaya. President, (i) Indian Parliamentary Group, (ii) National Group of Inter-Parliamentary Union; and (iii) India Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association P. A. Sangma Purno Agitok Sangma (1 September 1947 – 4 March 2016) was an Indian politician who served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3093342",
"chunk_text": "\"Hitendra Nath Goswami\"\nHitendra Nath Goswami Hitendra Nath Goswami is currently the Speaker of Assam Legislative Assembly. He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party, which he joined on 10 March 2014 in New Delhi. He was a member of Asom Gana Parishad until 16 February 2013, when he resigned from the party membership \"\"expressing his frustration at the failure of the party leadership to bring in new blood to revive the regional force\"\". However, he made it clear that he has nothing against the aims and objectives of the regional force and he would always continue his anti-Congress stand. Hitendra Nath Goswami",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4027793",
"chunk_text": "\"Swapan Dasgupta\"\nSwapan Dasgupta Swapan Dasgupta (born 3 October 1955) is an Indian journalist and Member of Parliament, being a presidential nominee to the Rajya Sabha (Council of States, or India's Upper House of Parliament). At various points in his career, he has held editorial posts at \"\"The Statesman\"\", \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\", \"\"The Times of India\"\", \"\"The Indian Express\"\" and \"\"India Today\"\", where he was managing editor till 2003. He has published his works in \"\"The Pioneer\"\", \"\"The Telegraph\"\", \"\"Dainik Jagran\"\", \"\"The Times of India\"\", \"\"The New Indian Express\"\", \"\"Outlook\"\", \"\"The Free Press Journal\"\" and several other newspapers and magazines, and is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7322763",
"chunk_text": "\"Nirmala Sitharaman\"\nNirmala Sitharaman Nirmala Sitharaman (born 18 August 1959) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), serving as the Minister of Defence since 2017 and has served as Member of the Rajya Sabha, upper house of the Indian Parliament, since 2016. Sitharaman is India's second female defence minister. Sitharaman has formerly served as the Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs under the Ministry of Finance and the Minister for Commerce and Industry with independent charge. Prior to that, she has served as a national spokesperson for the BJP. Nirmala was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_863
|
latest series of keeping up with the kardashians?
|
n/a
|
[
"14"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903934",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nKeeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The fifteenth season premiered on August 5, 2018. The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903954",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nto deal with various LGBT-related issues. It was later cancelled after two seasons. In April 2017, it was announced E! had ordered an 8-episode spin-off \"\"Life of Kylie\"\" revolving around Kylie Jenner. It premiered on August 6, 2017. \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" has been the subject of constant panning by critics since its inception. Brian Lowry, reviewing the show for \"\"Variety\"\", said that the network: \"\"widens its lens to encompass the whole irritating brood — including Kim's sisters Khloé and Kourtney, mom-manager Kris and stepdad Bruce Jenner, who now has the distinction of having two sets of useless rich",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922699",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\n\"\"Kardashian Inc.\"\" as it is called by \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\". \"\"These shows are a 30-minute commercial,\"\" Khloé Kardashian admitted in 2011, in response to a suggestion that the television series is used to promote their retail stores and endorsement deals. On August 3, 2017, it was announced the show's 10 year anniversary will premiere on September 24, 2017 following the show's season 14 premiere. On August 24, 2017, it was announced the family had signed a $150 million deal with E!. On August 20, 2018, Kim Kardashian announced on Twitter that the family will begin filming Season 16 the following",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13161053",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nthe longest season with 21 episodes and ended on December 1. The ninth and tenth seasons aired in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The latter season included a television special entitled \"\"About Bruce\"\" which aired on May 17 and 18, 2015. The eleventh season premiered on November 15, one month after the previous season finished. The twelfth season of the show debuted on May 1, 2016. The thirteenth season premiered on March 12, 2017. In North America, the first three seasons of the reality series were distributed on DVD. The first season was released on October 7, 2008 by Lions Gate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922731",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nThe episodes of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" are also available on numerous streaming video on demand services, such as Amazon Video, iTunes, Google Play, Microsoft Movies & TV, Hulu, and Vudu, as well as the E! network's own streaming service. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13161054",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nEntertainment which obtained the home entertainment distribution rights for a variety of programming from Comcast Entertainment Group, including \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". The second and third seasons of the series were released on November 10, 2009 and August 17, 2010, respectively. In Australia, all seasons are released on DVD by Universal Sony Pictures. The latest addition, which includes the eleventh season of the show, was released on April 28, 2016. In the United Kingdom, the reality series is distributed by Universal Pictures UK. The DVD set of the seventh season, the latest addition, was released on June 24, 2013.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13161052",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nanother \"\"Junk in the Trunk\"\" episode on December 20. The sixth season commenced on June 12, 2011 and ended with a television special \"\"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\"\" which aired two extended episodes on October 9 and 10. The show later returned on December 19 with the episode \"\"Kendall's Sweet 16\"\". Starting with the seventh season, which premiered on May 20, 2012, the half-hour reality series was extended to a full hour in a new 9:00/8:00 pm time slot. The season concluded on October 28. The eighth season of the series started airing on June 2, 2013; it became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922697",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nto entertain.\"\" The following year, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" was picked up for a third season. In April 2012, E! signed a three-year deal with the Kardashian family that kept the series airing through seasons seven, eight and nine. \"\"Keeping up with the Kardashians\"\" was later renewed for a tenth season which premiered on March 15, 2015. In February 2015, it was announced that the show had been renewed for four more years, along with an additional spin-off series, making it one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. In terms of the show's future, Kim Kardashian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7279827",
"chunk_text": "\"Kris Jenner\"\nshow eventually was picked up to air on the E! cable network with Jenner acting as the executive producer. The series focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended families. The series debuted on October 14, 2007, and has later become one of the longest-running reality television shows in the country. The twelfth season of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" started airing on May 1, 2016. The show has resulted in the development of several spin-offs, such as \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\"\" (2009), \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\" (2011), \"\"Khloé & Lamar\"\" (2011), \"\"Rob &",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922708",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nand her husband Lamar Odom, became the third spin-off of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". The show premiered on April 10, 2011, and lasted two seasons. In March 2014, E! announced the fourth spin-off entitled \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\"\". The series premiered on November 2, 2014, and followed Kourtney and Khloé who relocated to the Hamptons to work on opening a new Dash pop-up store. The fifth spin-off series called \"\"Dash Dolls\"\" premiered on September 20, 2015. The reality series chronicles the daily life of the employees of the Dash boutique in Los Angeles. In June 2016, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922707",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\non January 20, 2013. Additionally, a series of webisodes entitled \"\"Lord Disick: Lifestyles of a Lord\"\" were released following the show, which showcased Disick as he informed viewers how to live like a \"\"king\"\". In October 2010, the network announced another spin-off called \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\" which followed the same format as its predecessor. The show debuted on January 23, 2011, and followed the sisters who opened a Dash location in New York City. The series returned for another season which premiered on November 27 the same year. In January 2011, \"\"Khloé & Lamar\"\", which featured Khloé",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922709",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nnetwork announced another show entitled \"\"Rob & Chyna\"\" which premiered on September 11 the same year, and follows the relationship of Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna as they prepare to welcome their first child. The show was later renewed for a second season. In July 2017, E! confirmed the series was put on hold, and not on their current schedule. The network has also aired several television specials featuring important family events. A two-part television event called \"\"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\"\", showcasing the wedding between Kim and Kris Humphries, was broadcast on October 9 and 10, 2011 as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6921965",
"chunk_text": "\"Kim Kardashian\"\nconcierge. Once they accessed Kardashian's room, they held a gun to her head, tying her wrists and legs and wrapping duct tape around her mouth as a gag. Kardashian, who was placed in the bathtub, was physically unharmed and reportedly begged for her life. She managed to wriggle her hands free from the plastic ties around her wrists and scream for help. The thieves escaped. On October 6, 2016, it was revealed that filming for the next season of \"\"Keeping up with the Kardashians\"\" had been placed \"\"on hold indefinitely\"\" after the robbery. Production resumed on October 26. Kardashian postponed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903937",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nto the creation of numerous spin-off series, including: \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\"\", \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\", \"\"Khloé & Lamar\"\", \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\"\", \"\"Dash Dolls\"\", \"\"Rob & Chyna\"\", and \"\"Life of Kylie\"\". The network has also broadcast several television specials featuring special events involving members of the family and friends. Robert Kardashian (19442003) and Kristen Mary \"\"Kris\"\" Houghton (born 1955) married in 1978, and had four children together: daughters Kourtney (born 1979), Kim (born 1980), and Khloé (born 1984), and son Rob (born 1987). The couple divorced in 1991. In 1994, Robert rose to prominence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13161051",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nThe season ended on May 26, 2008 with an episode \"\"Junk in the Trunk\"\", which featured the Kardashian siblings sharing the most memorable moments of the season. The third season commenced airing on March 8, 2009 and concluded with two back-to-back episodes which aired on May 25. The subsequent season premiered with a two-hour long episode entitled \"\"The Wedding\"\" on November 8, and ended on February 21, 2010; some of the episodes aired throughout the season were extended to a full hour. The fifth season of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" began airing on August 22, 2010 and concluded with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10718821",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob & Chyna\"\nKardashian and Chyna their own series: The series airs on E!, an American cable network which features mostly entertainment-related programming, and reality television series, including \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", another series that both Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna have been part of. The show is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and Ryan Seacrest Productions, which also produce \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". On December 14, 2016, E! renewed the series for a second season consisting of eight episodes that was expected to premiere in 2017. In July 2017, E! confirmed the series was put on hold, and not on their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922726",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nlarge Hispanic populations, particularly in the Southwest\"\". Despite negative reviews from critics, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" has been nominated for, and won, several television awards. The reality series has received nominations for a Teen Choice Award in the Choice TV: Celebrity Reality Show category nine consecutive times between 2008 and 2016, winning the award in 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2016. The show also won a People's Choice Award as Favorite TV Guilty Pleasure in 2011. The Kardashian sisters have been nominated as part of the cast for five awards, winning four times; Kim Kardashian has been nominated for three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903953",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nwhile the second part aired the following day with similar viewership. \"\"I Am Cait\"\", a separate documentary series, was announced immediately after the \"\"20/20\"\" interview. Jeff Olde, head of programming at E! network, said that the series is \"\"not at all a \"\"Kardashian\"\" spin-off\"\", and that \"\"we will not resort to spectacle,\"\" trying to emphasize its distinct format that is entirely different from most programming on the network, including \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". The eight-part, one-hour docuseries debuted on July 26, 2015, on E!, and focused on how Jenner was handling the aftermath of the transition; it also attempted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922727",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nawards winning one in 2012. In 2010, Kris and Caitlyn Jenner received a Teen Choice Award nomination in a one-time Choice TV: Parental Unit category. \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" premiered on October 14, 2007 in the United States on the E! cable network at 10:30/9:30 pm ET/PT. The half-hour reality series continued to air every Sunday night in the same time slot, and the eight-episode first season of the show concluded on December 2. The subsequent season premiered the following year on March 9 in an earlier time slot at 10:00/9:00 pm with a repeated episode airing immediately afterwards.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922718",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nratings with 3.2 million viewers. The subsequent season debuted with nearly 4.7 million total viewers, which ranked as the highest-rated season premiere of the show, as of August 2015. It was also the second highest-rated episode of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", second only to the previous season's record-breaking finale with 4.8 million viewers. The seventh-season premiere of the series, which aired on May 20, 2012 in its earlier timeslot, continued to deliver high ratings attracting almost three million total viewers which exceeded the premiere of the previous season by 16%. Kim Kardashian has explained the success of the show",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17702013",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob Kardashian\"\nhour-long episodes were ordered, excluding a television special featuring the birth of Kardashian and Chyna's newborn. The show premiered on September 11, 2016. It was later renewed for a second season. Kardashian dated actress Adrienne Bailon from 2007 until 2009. Their relationship was documented on the family reality show \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". After months of speculation, in October 2012, Kardashian confirmed through his Twitter account that he and singer Rita Ora were dating. In December 2012, it was revealed that their relationship had ended. In December 2015, it was reported that Kardashian was hospitalized after falling ill and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922694",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\n2007, it was announced that the Kardashian and Jenner families would star in a yet-to-be-titled reality show on E! described as a \"\"new non-scripted family sitcom\"\", being produced by Ryan Seacrest and Bunim/Murray Productions. The series' announcement came one week after Paris Hilton and her friend Nicole Richie announced that their popular E! series, \"\"The Simple Life\"\", was ending. The show, entitled \"\"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\"\", premiered on October 14, 2007. The reality series centers around the members of the Kardashian-Jenner blended family, focusing on the sisters Kourtney, Kim and Khloé. Most episodes have very similar structure: the family",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903935",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nIt also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner (previously known as Bruce Jenner), and brother Rob Kardashian. The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show, including Kourtney's ex-boyfriend Scott Disick, Kim's ex-husband Kris Humphries, and current husband Kanye West, Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom, ex-boyfriend French Montana, and current fiance Tristan Thompson. Caitlyn's son Brody Jenner made appearances in the early seasons, before appearing regularly between the 8th and 11th seasons, along with brother Brandon and Brandon's wife Leah. Kim's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khloé's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922700",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nweek. The reality series revolves around the children of Kris Jenner, and originally focused mainly on the children from her first marriage to deceased attorney Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob. Kris' children Kendall and Kylie from her subsequent marriage to American athlete Caitlyn (formerly Bruce) Jenner have also been featured on the show since its beginning, along with Jenner's son Brody from another marriage, although he appeared very few times during the early seasons, mostly being called by his step-brother Rob to babysit their half-sisters Kylie and Kendall. Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick has also been appearing frequently on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903952",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\npart of the sixth season; the special was highly successful with a combined 10.5 million viewers. A few days after Caitlyn Jenner (then Bruce) came out as a trans woman during a \"\"20/20\"\" interview with Diane Sawyer in May 2015, E! aired a two-part special on \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" entitled \"\"About Bruce\"\", in which another side of the story was told featuring family members who were not involved in the previous interview on \"\"20/20\"\". The first part of the special debuted on May 17, 2015, and attracted 2.92 million total viewers, a 40% increase from the previous episode,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18337952",
"chunk_text": "\"Dash Dolls\"\n9/8pm ET/PT, following a new episode of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". The series continued to air on every Sunday night in the same timeslot. The show finished airing its eight-episode season on November 8, 2015. The series is additionally broadcast on local versions of the network worldwide; in Australia the series premiered on September 22, and in the United Kingdom on September 27, 2015. All the episodes are also available in numerous streaming video on demand services, including Amazon Video, iTunes, Google Play, and Microsoft Movies & TV. Dash Dolls Dash Dolls is an American reality television series that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5076796",
"chunk_text": "\"You Kiddin' Me\"\nKim Kardashian, Jennifer O'Connell, Brian Tannenbaum, Peter M. Cohen, and Melissa Stokes. Production companies involved in the series are slated to consist of Lionsgate Television. On September 7, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on September 22, 2018. In a negative review, \"\"The Ringer\"\"s Kate Knibbs criticized the series saying, \"\"Every era gets the \"\"Punk'd\"\" it deserves, and we are living through a spectacularly dumb and cruel moment. There’s something fitting about how Facebook, notorious for flooding the internet with viral garbage, debuted an accidental, weirdly cruel anti-comedy in its push for original content. \"\"You Kiddin’ Me?!\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903936",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\n\"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" has received very poor critical reviews since its premiere. It is often criticized for the high degree of emphasis on the \"\"famous for being famous\"\" concept, and for appearing to fabricate some aspects of its storylines. Several critics also noted the show's lack of intelligence. However, some critics recognized the reality series as a \"\"guilty pleasure\"\" and acknowledged the family's success. Despite the negative reviews, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians \"\" has attracted high viewership ratings, becoming one of the network's most successful shows and winning several audience awards. The series' success has led additionally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "463367",
"chunk_text": "\"Kim Kardashian\"\na makeup demonstration in Dubai due to the incident. Kardashian made a cameo appearance in the heist film \"\"Ocean's 8\"\", which was released on June 8, 2018. Kardashian is one of the many celebrity turned entrepreneurs who are able to leverage their television success by launching profitable side businesses. Kardashian is the founder of the television production company, Kimsaprincess Productions LLC, which produces workout DVDs, launched an eponymous fragrance line and the e-commerce shoe shopping website, ShoeDazzle. With her sisters Kourtney and Khloe, she also owns and is expanding D-A-S-H clothing boutiques, designed a clothing line for Bebe and nabbed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903938",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nwhen he defended O. J. Simpson for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman during the O.J. Simpson trial. In 1991, Kris married retired Olympic decathlon champion Caitlyn Jenner (born 1949; formerly known as Bruce Jenner before undergoing a gender transition in 2015). Kris and Caitlyn had two daughters together, Kendall (born 1995) and Kylie (born 1997). Robert died in 2003, eight weeks after being diagnosed with esophageal cancer. The Kardashian sisters began appearing in the media spotlight more often. In 2004, Kim became a personal stylist for recording artist Brandy Norwood. She eventually developed into a full-time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922706",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nwe took from scripted TV and applied to a reality show. […] There are a lot of family sitcom elements to 'Kardashians,' and we think that humor and warmth will carry over to Miami,\"\" Harbert added. The show premiered on August 16, 2009 to very high ratings; the first episode brought in 2.7 million total viewers and then became the most-watched show on the network since \"\"The Anna Nicole Show\"\" in 2002. The spin-off was subsequently renewed for a second season which premiered on June 13, 2010, and later returned as \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\"\" for a third season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2283638",
"chunk_text": "\"French and Saunders\"\nBucket o' French and Saunders\"\", which featured new material, aside from the classic clips, was broadcast to highlight the 20th anniversary of the series. However, this proved unpopular with viewers and the initial seven-part series was edited down to six episodes. On 25 December 2017, a new compilation special, \"\"300 Years of French and Saunders\"\", marked the 30th anniversary of the series, and again consisted mainly of classic clips, while new material featured spoofs of \"\"Gogglebox\"\" and \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians.\"\" French and Saunders began what was announced as their final tour at Blackpool Opera House on 29 February",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922717",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nLisa Berger, executive vice president of original programming and series development for E!, said: \"\"The buzz surrounding the series is huge, and viewers have clearly fallen for the Kardashians. […] Seacrest and Bunim-Murray's unique ability to capture this family's one-of-a-kind dynamics and hilarious antics has made the series a fantastic addition to our prime-time lineup.\"\" The second season continued the success and was viewed by 1.6 million viewers on average, which led to a third season renewal. The two-hour fourth-season premiere, which aired on November 8, 2009, and featured the wedding ceremony of Khloé and Lamar Odom, brought in then-record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17649925",
"chunk_text": "\"Khloé Kardashian\"\nKhloé Kardashian Khloé Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American television personality, socialite, model, businesswoman, and entrepreneur. Since 2007, she has starred with her family in the reality television series, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". Its success has led to the creation of spin-offs, including \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\"\" (2009–2013) and \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\"\" (2014–2015). From September 2009 to October 2016, she was married to basketball player Lamar Odom, whom she married one month after they first met. They starred in their own reality television series, \"\"Khloé & Lamar\"\" (2011–2012). In 2009, Kardashian participated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8226982",
"chunk_text": "\"Life of Kylie\"\nLife of Kylie Life of Kylie (\"\"LOK\"\") is an American reality television series starring Kylie Jenner. The eight-part half-hour series premiered on August 6, 2017, on the E! cable network. The reality series was greenlit on April 10, 2017. On May 11, 2017, E! released the first promo video of the series. This series ended on September 17, 2017. The series follows the life of fashion entrepreneur and reality television personality Kylie Jenner as she deals with running a business while maintaining a normal life and her close friendship with Jordyn Woods. In a statement about getting her own series,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1642256",
"chunk_text": "\"Kourtney Kardashian\"\nKourtney Kardashian Kourtney Mary Kardashian (born April 18, 1979) is an American television personality, socialite, businesswoman and model. In 2007, she and her family were picked to star in the reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". Its success led to the creation of spin-offs including \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\"\" and \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\". With sisters Kim and Khloé, Kourtney is involved in the retail and fashion industries. They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances, and additionally released the book \"\"Kardashian Konfidential\"\" in 2010. Kourtney and her siblings are popular on social media from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19091887",
"chunk_text": "\"Kris Jenner\"\nKris Jenner Kristen Mary Jenner (née Houghton , formerly Kardashian; born November 5, 1955) is an American television personality, entertainment manager, producer, businesswoman, and author. She rose to fame starring in the reality television series, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" (2007–present). She has four children from her first marriage to lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robert, and two children from her second marriage to television personality and retired Olympic Games medalist, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn): Kendall and Kylie. Jenner was born in San Diego, California. She is the first child of Mary Jo Shannon (née Campbell; born 1934)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13161048",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nmillion in the 1849 years adult demographic, the most sought after by advertisers. It was the highest rated cable show in its timeslot. The series finished as the most-social ad-supported cable program and, as of March 2015, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" is the most-watched show on E! network. The first episode of the tenth season averaged 2.5 million viewers, slightly less than the premiere of the ninth season. In 2016, a \"\"New York Times\"\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" \"\"tends to most popular in areas with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16793961",
"chunk_text": "\"Kim Kardashian\"\ndifficult pregnancies. With her first pregnancy, she suffered preeclampsia, which forced her to deliver at 34 weeks. She also suffered placenta accreta after delivery, eventually having to have surgery to remove the placenta and subsequent scar tissue. After her second pregnancy, her doctors advised against trying to become pregnant again. The couple's third child, a daughter, was born via surrogate on January 15, 2018. On January 19, 2018, her name was announced as Chicago West. Kardashian began suffering from psoriasis at the age of 30. She was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome in late 2017. As of May 2014, Kardashian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5649382",
"chunk_text": "\"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\"\nKourtney and Kim Take Miami Kourtney and Kim Take Miami (previously titled Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami) is an American reality television series. It premiered on E! on August 16, 2009, as the first \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" spin-off. The series originally followed sisters Kourtney and Khloé Kardashian as they opened a second D-A-S-H location in Miami, Florida. From the third season onward, sister Kim Kardashian replaced Khloé, who had other work commitments. The third season began filming in October 2012, and premiered on January 20, 2013. A web series spin-off was created during the third season, titled \"\"Lord",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15523898",
"chunk_text": "\"Kylie Jenner\"\nKylie Jenner Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American reality television personality, model, entrepreneur, socialite, and social media personality. She has starred in the E! reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" since 2007 and is the founder and owner of cosmetic company Kylie Cosmetics. In 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall, and created a line of clothing, \"\"Kendall & Kylie\"\". In 2015, Jenner launched her own cosmetics line called Kylie Lip Kits, which was renamed to Kylie Cosmetics the following year. She also released a mobile app that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17702009",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob Kardashian\"\nRob Kardashian Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known for appearing on \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", a reality television series that centers upon his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", during which he placed second. Rob and his siblings derive most of their revenue by endorsing products such as Coca-Cola, for which they are paid (as of 2016) between $75,000 and $300,000 per post on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, as per CBC Marketplace and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903966",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nby saying that people tune in to watch the series because they can relate themselves to the members of the family; in an interview with the \"\"V\"\" magazine she said: \"\"You can see that soap operas aren't on the air as much anymore. I think reality shows are taking over that genre, but I think the draw to our show is that we are relatable.\"\" The eighth season debuted to 3 million viewers, up 6% from the previous season, while the subsequent ninth season's premiere was down by 20%. The ninth season averaged 3.3 million total viewers and almost 2.2",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922696",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nwe're going to do this reality show, we're going to be 100 percent who we really are.'\"\". She further commented on the show's authenticity by saying that the network \"\"has never once put anything out there that we haven't approved of or accepted\"\". The series was renewed for a second season one month after its premiere due to high ratings. Seacrest described the show's success: \"\"At the heart of the seriesdespite the catfights and endless sarcasmis a family that truly loves and supports one another […] The familiar dynamics of this family make them one Hollywood bunch that is sure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4673776",
"chunk_text": "\"Kylie Jenner\"\nand used it to promote Jenner's TV series \"\"Life of Kylie\"\". Production art created for that series, including the lip design, was created by a third party designer and not by Jenner or any of her staff. Kylie Jenner Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American reality television personality, model, entrepreneur, socialite, and social media personality. She has starred in the E! reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" since 2007 and is the founder and owner of cosmetic company Kylie Cosmetics. In 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12734046",
"chunk_text": "\"Caitlyn Jenner\"\nstarred in the E! reality series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" along with wife Kris Jenner, stepchildren Kourtney, Kimberley, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian (from Kris's marriage to attorney Robert Kardashian), and daughters Kylie and Kendall. In 2011, Jenner appeared in the Adam Sandler comedy \"\"Jack and Jill\"\" in a scene with Al Pacino as an actor in a play. Like \"\"Can't Stop the Music\"\", the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture and swept every Razzie category. In September 2016, Jenner appeared as herself on the Amazon Prime TV series \"\"Transparent\"\" in a dream sequence during the season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15743063",
"chunk_text": "\"Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian\"\nRevenge Body with Khloé Kardashian Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian is an American reality television series starring Khloé Kardashian that premiered on the E! cable network, on January 12, 2017. Announced on December 16, 2015, the six-episode series features two people in each episode who get a makeover using assistance of personal trainers and stylists leading to a \"\"major transformation inside and out\"\". Six one-hour episodes have been ordered. A special preview episode aired on November 23, 2016. On April 18, 2017, E! renewed the show for a second season which will premiere on January 7, 2018. \"\"We are so",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8226984",
"chunk_text": "\"Life of Kylie\"\npurpose, but mostly very, very sad.\"\" Life of Kylie Life of Kylie (\"\"LOK\"\") is an American reality television series starring Kylie Jenner. The eight-part half-hour series premiered on August 6, 2017, on the E! cable network. The reality series was greenlit on April 10, 2017. On May 11, 2017, E! released the first promo video of the series. This series ended on September 17, 2017. The series follows the life of fashion entrepreneur and reality television personality Kylie Jenner as she deals with running a business while maintaining a normal life and her close friendship with Jordyn Woods. In a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "433788",
"chunk_text": "\"Ryan Seacrest\"\na first look deal with any network. Seacrest remains managing editor of \"\"E! News\"\" and produces its red carpet awards show coverage but no longer hosts (since January 2012) \"\"E! News\"\" on a daily basis. An Associated Press profile portrayed Seacrest as using both the deal with E! and \"\"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve\"\" as springboards to a long-lasting career in television production and ownership. Seacrest produces the hit series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", the highest-rated show on the E! network, and the spin-offs \"\"Khloe and Lamar,\"\" \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\" and \"\"Kourtney and Khloe Take",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17649926",
"chunk_text": "\"Khloé Kardashian\"\nin the second season of \"\"The Celebrity Apprentice\"\", finishing 10th of 16 candidates by being fired by Donald Trump. In 2012, she co-hosted the second season of the US adaptation of \"\"The X Factor\"\" with actor Mario Lopez. She is involved in the retail and fashion industries with her sisters Kourtney and Kim. They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances, and additionally released the book \"\"Kardashian Konfidential\"\" in 2010. They starred in their own short-lived reality television series, \"\"Dash Dolls\"\" (2015). In 2016, she hosted her own talk show, \"\"Kocktails with Khloé\"\", and stars in the health and fitness",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_864
|
who plays meredith quill in guardians of the galaxy 2?
|
n/a
|
[
"Laura Jane Haddock"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18448313",
"chunk_text": "\"Laura Haddock\"\nLaura Haddock Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in \"\"Honest\"\", Lucrezia in \"\"Da Vinci's Demons\"\", Meredith Quill in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and its sequel \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\", Alison in \"\"The Inbetweeners Movie\"\" and Viviane Wembly in \"\"\"\". Born in Enfield, London and raised in Harpenden, Hertfordshire (where she attended St George's School), She left school at the age of 17 and moved to London to study drama. She trained at Arts Educational School in Chiswick. Haddock made her television debut in the television",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15491849",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nGuardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8329092",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\ndestroy the Guardians, naming him Adam; and a group of uninterested Watchers abandon their informant, who is discussing his experiences on Earth. Additionally, reprising their roles from the first film are Laura Haddock as Meredith Quill, Gregg Henry as her father, Seth Green as the voice of Howard the Duck, and canine actor Fred as Cosmo. Members of Yondu's Ravager crew appearing in the film include Evan Jones as Retch, Jimmy Urine as Half-Nut, Stephen Blackehart as Brahl, Steve Agee as Gef, Mike Escamilla as Scrote, Joe Fria as Oblo, Terence Rosemore as Narblik, and Tommy Flanagan as Tullk, as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15492174",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nmoved up to May 5, 2017. In the following months, Michael Rooker said he would return as Yondu, and was looking forward to exploring new areas of the character. Chris Pratt, who played Peter Quill/Star-Lord in the first film, confirmed the sequel would be one of his next projects. Bradley Cooper expressed interest and excitement when asked if he would return as Rocket. Vin Diesel also confirmed he would return as Groot. In March 2015, Gunn revealed that filming would take place in Atlanta, Georgia with \"\"major crew changes\"\" from the first film, and that his brother, Sean Gunn, would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9660363",
"chunk_text": "\"Pom Klementieff\"\nPom Klementieff Pom Klementieff (born 3 May 1986) is a Canadian-born French actress. She was trained at the Cours Florent drama school in Paris and has appeared in such films as \"\"Loup\"\" (2009), \"\"Sleepless Night\"\" (2011) and \"\"Hacker's Game\"\" (2015). She plays the role of Mantis in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" (2017), \"\"\"\" (2018) and the upcoming \"\"\"\" (2019). Pom Klementieff was born in Quebec City, Canada, to a Korean mother and French-Russian father, who was working there as a consul with the French government. Her parents chose the name \"\"Pom\"\" because it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8329647",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nincluding one for \"\"Doctor Strange,\"\" to limit the amount of travel Lee had to do. Additional filming for \"\"Vol. 2\"\" took place in Cartersville, Georgia, a state park north of Portland, Oregon, and in St. Charles, Missouri. The Georgia International Convention Center served as additional soundstage space after pre-production on \"\"\"\" (2017) began at several Pinewood Atlanta soundstages. Principal photography wrapped on June 16, 2016. At San Diego Comic-Con 2016, Russell and Debicki were revealed to be playing Ego, Quill's father, and Ayesha, respectively. Sylvester Stallone was also revealed to be in the film, with his role later revealed as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8329093",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nwell as Charred Walls of the Damned drummer and \"\"Howard Stern Show\"\" personality Richard Christy in a cameo appearance. The other members of Stakar and Yondu's old team, based on the comic's original incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy, include Michael Rosenbaum as Martinex, Ving Rhames as Charlie-27, and Michelle Yeoh as Aleta Ogord. Also included in the team are the CG characters Krugarr and Mainframe, with the latter voiced, in an uncredited cameo, by Miley Cyrus. Rosenbaum had previously auditioned to play Peter Quill in \"\"Vol. 1\"\". Gunn cast Yeoh because of his love of 1990s Hong Kong",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Pom Klementieff\"\nTattoo\"\". Klementieff used her boxing skills again in the film, and due to the movie's low budget, she had to do her own make-up and chose her own wardrobe. It was her idea to dye her hair purple for the role, to which the directors first objected but later acquiesced. She joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the role of Mantis in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" (2017) and appeared in the same role in the film \"\"\"\" (2018). Pom Klementieff Pom Klementieff (born 3 May 1986) is a Canadian-born French actress. She was trained at the Cours Florent",
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"chunk_text": "\"Wyatt Oleff\"\nWyatt Oleff Wyatt Jess Oleff (born July 13, 2003) is an American actor known for playing Stanley Uris in the 2017 supernatural horror film \"\"It\"\" as well as its 2019 sequel. Both are directed by Andy Muschietti and based on the 1986 horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. Oleff also had a minor role in the Marvel Studios films \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 2\"\", as the young Peter Quill. Oleff was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Doug and Jennifer Oleff, living there for the first seven years of his life. He",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\"\n\"\"poor subtitle translation not only spoiled the fun of watching it, but also made it difficult to understand its humor.\"\" \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" was released on May 5, 2017, again written and directed by James Gunn. Pratt, Saldana, Bautista, Diesel, Cooper, Rooker, Gillan, and Sean Gunn all reprise their roles in the film, and are joined by Pom Klementieff as Mantis, Elizabeth Debicki as Ayesha, Chris Sullivan as Taserface, and Kurt Russell as Quill's father Ego. In April 2017, Gunn announced he would return to write and direct \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\"\". However, in July",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nhad \"\"big broad jaw, chin, and most importantly the way the laugh lines move[d] and crease[d] as he talk[ed]\"\", similar to Russell's. Laura Haddock, reprising her role from the first film of Meredith Quill in the sequence, was also slightly de-aged to play the younger version of that character. Luma worked on the Sovereign people and their world, and Adam Warlock's cocoon. By August 2014, Gunn had \"\"some ideas listed, but nothing for sure\"\" in terms of songs to include in Quill's \"\"Awesome Mix Vol. 2\"\" mixtape, for which he felt \"\"a little pressure\"\" due to the positive response to",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\"\nOther\"\", from \"\"The Avengers\"\". Ophelia Lovibond plays Carina, the Collector's slave; Peter Serafinowicz plays Denarian Garthan Saal, a Nova Corps officer; Gregg Henry plays Quill's grandfather; Laura Haddock plays Quill's mother, Meredith; Melia Kreiling plays Bereet; Christopher Fairbank plays The Broker; Mikaela Hoover plays Nova Prime's assistant; Marama Corlett plays a pit boss at the bar, The Boot; Emmett J. Scanlan plays a Nova riot guard; Alexis Rodney plays Moloka Dar; Tom Proctor plays Horuz, a Ravager; and Spencer Wilding plays a prison guard who confiscates Quill's Walkman. Canine actor Fred appears as Cosmo. Stephen Blackehart had a supporting role.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nRussell. In \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\", the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage. The film was officially announced at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International before the theatrical release of the first film, along with Gunn's return from the first film, with the title of the sequel revealed a year later in June 2015. Principal photography began in February 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, with many crew changes from the first film due to other commitments. Filming concluded in June 2016. Gunn chose to",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mikaela Hoover\"\nManagement\"\", \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\" but is probably best known for her role as Nova Prime's assistant in the 2014 film \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" in which she did not have a single line. She also had a regular role on the web-series \"\"Sorority Forever\"\" as Madison Westerbrook in 2008. Mikaela Hoover Mikaela Hoover (born July 12, 1984) is an American actress. Hoover was born and raised in Colbert, Washington. She started taking dance classes at the age of two and starred in school plays and appeared in local commercials as a child. She was accepted to Loyola Marymount",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nits visuals, soundtrack, humor, and cast, though some critics deemed it not as \"\"fresh\"\" as the original. It also received a nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 90th Academy Awards. A sequel, \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\"\", was initially being developed for a 2020 release, but has been put on hold after the firing of director James Gunn. In 2014, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, Rocket, and Baby Groot are renowned as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Ayesha, leader of the Sovereign race, has the Guardians protect valuable batteries from an inter-dimensional monster in exchange for Gamora's estranged sister",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sean Gunn\"\nSean Gunn Sean Gunn (born May 22, 1974) is an American actor known for his roles as Kirk Gleason on the television show \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\" (2000–2007) and Kraglin in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" (2014), and \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" (2017). He is the younger brother of filmmaker James Gunn, and often appears in his sibling's films. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Gunn is the youngest sibling of six children, filmmaker James, actor and political writer Matt, screenwriter Brian, producer and former Executive Vice President of Artisan Entertainment Patrick, and a sister, employment attorney",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nit was reported that Matthew McConaughey had recently turned down the role of \"\"the villain\"\" in the film, in favor of \"\"The Dark Tower\"\" (2017). McConaughey felt he would have been \"\"an amendment\"\" in \"\"Vol. 2\"\" in \"\"a colorful part [made] for another big-name actor.\"\" In December, Gunn said that he was corresponding with John C. Reilly about him reprising his role as Nova Corpsman Rhomann Dey, while Kurt Russell entered early talks to play Quill's father. After the death of David Bowie in January 2016, Gunn said that there had been discussions for Bowie to appear in the film",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nset the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters' new roles as the Guardians, and to follow the storyline of Quill's father established throughout that previous film. Russell was confirmed as Quill's father in July 2016, portraying Ego, a departure from Quill's comic father. \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It grossed more than $863 million worldwide, making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor. The film received praise for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Karen Gillan\"\nKaren Gillan Karen Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress, director, screenwriter and model. She played the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One science fiction series \"\"Doctor Who\"\" (2010–2013). She has received wide recognition for portraying Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" (2014), \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" (2017), \"\"\"\" (2018) and \"\"\"\" (2019) and also played Martha in \"\"\"\" (2017). In 2018, she released her first featured film as a writer and director, titled \"\"The Party's Just Beginning\"\". Gillan was born and raised in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Michael Rooker\"\nMichael Rooker Michael Rooker (born April 6, 1955) is an American actor, best known for his breakout role as Henry in \"\"\"\" (1986), as well as his roles as Terry Cruger in \"\"Sea of Love\"\" (1989), Rowdy Burns in \"\"Days of Thunder\"\" (1990), Bill Broussard in \"\"JFK\"\" (1991), Hal Tucker in \"\"Cliffhanger\"\" (1993), Jared Svenning in \"\"Mallrats\"\" (1995), Merle Dixon in \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" (2010–2013), and Yondu Udonta in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" (2014) and its sequel \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\" (2017). Michael Rooker was born in Jasper, Alabama. He has nine brothers and sisters. His parents divorced",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_text": "\"Ophelia Lovibond\"\nOphelia Lovibond Ophelia Lucy Lovibond (born 19 February 1986) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Carina in the film \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and as Izzy Gould in the BBC's \"\"W1A\"\". Ophelia Lovibond grew up in Shepherd's Bush, London, in a single-parent family. Her mother worked as a Chartered Psychologist at Wormwood Scrubs Prison. She has two siblings. She was a scholarship student at Latymer Upper School. She also attended the Young Blood theatre company, a drama club for youth, in Hammersmith. She attended the University of Sussex to study English Literature, graduating in 2005",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Laura Haddock\"\nappeared in the Cinemax/Sky TV drama \"\"\"\" for two episodes playing the kidnapped daughter of an illegal arms dealer. She starred as Lucrezia Donati, the mistress of Lorenzo de' Medici and lover of Leonardo da Vinci in the 2013 series \"\"Da Vinci's Demons\"\". Haddock's theatre credits include \"\"Famous Last\"\", which formed part of the 2009 Sky Arts Theatre Live! project, and \"\"Rutherford & Son\"\" at Northern Stage. In 2014, she portrayed Meredith Quill in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\", a role she reprised in its 2017 sequel \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\". She appears in the ITV series, \"\"The Level\"\",",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\"\nGuardians of the Galaxy (film) Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, and Bradley Cooper as the titular Guardians, along with Lee Pace, Michael Rooker,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "220218",
"chunk_text": "\"Connie Nielsen\"\nConnie Nielsen Connie Inge-Lise Nielsen (born 3 July 1965) is a Danish actress whose first major role in an English-language film was a supporting role in \"\"The Devil's Advocate\"\" (1997). Her films include \"\"Gladiator\"\" (2000), \"\"Mission to Mars\"\" (2000), \"\"One Hour Photo\"\" (2002), \"\"Basic\"\" (2003), \"\"The Hunted\"\" (2003), \"\"The Ice Harvest\"\" (2005), and \"\"Nymphomaniac\"\" (2014). She starred as Meredith Kane on the Starz TV series \"\"Boss\"\" (2011–2012) and was a lead character in the second season of \"\"The Following\"\". She has joined the DC Extended Universe, appearing as Hippolyta in its films \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017), \"\"Justice League\"\" (2017) and \"\"Wonder",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nreturn as Kraglin alongside Karen Gillan as Nebula. He explained his relationship with Marvel, saying the company \"\"let me go and do my thing, and I truly listen to their notes and ideas. I've never been told to put in any character or plot element at all... When they trust you they give you a wide berth... we just fit.\"\" In May, Gunn said the sequel would feature fewer characters than the first film, and that he had planned to introduce two major new characters in the script—Mantis and Adam Warlock. Talks had begun with an actor Gunn had in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Sean Gunn\"\nKraglin, Yondu Udonta's second-in-command, in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\". In 2014, he held a supporting role in \"\"Bones\"\" on Fox in the episode \"\"The Corpse at the Convention\"\". In 2017, he reprised his role as Kraglin in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\", playing a larger role, and again provided on set acting work for the character of Rocket. With Nick Holmes, he has starred in \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\", \"\"Super\"\", \"\"PG Porn\"\", and \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\". He has also posed for Holmes's photography portraits. Sean Gunn Sean Gunn (born May 22, 1974) is an American actor known for his roles",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\ncast, and revealing that Elizabeth Debicki and Chris Sullivan had also been cast, all in undisclosed roles. The production used all 18 stages at Pinewood Atlanta, an increase in stage space from what was used for the first film. Gunn said the sequel required more sets than the first and \"\"our sets are very large, even though a lot of the film is CGI. I like to have as many practical sets as we can and make the environments as real as possible so it balances out the CGI elements.\"\" Despite this, Gunn noted that there were less locations featured",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Debicki\"\n\"\"Macbeth\"\" and \"\"Everest\"\". Debicki plays the lead in an eight-hour television series, \"\"The Kettering Incident\"\", and a supporting role, Jed, in the miniseries \"\"The Night Manager\"\". She was then cast in the film \"\"The Tale.\"\" In May 2017 she portrayed the role of Ayesha, the leader of the Sovereign people in the MCU movie \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\". She will return for its sequel, \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\"\". Debicki also appeared in the film \"\"The Cloverfield Paradox\"\", released on Netflix in February 2018, as Mina Jensen. Elizabeth Debicki Elizabeth Debicki (born 24 August 1990) is an",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "17295404",
"chunk_text": "\"Sigourney Weaver\"\nSigourney Weaver Susan Alexandra \"\"Sigourney\"\" Weaver (; born October 8, 1949), is an American actress. Following her film debut with a non speaking role in \"\"Annie Hall\"\" (1977), she quickly came to prominence with her first lead role as Ellen Ripley in \"\"Alien\"\" (1979). She reprised the role in three sequels: \"\"Aliens\"\" (1986), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress; \"\"Alien 3\"\" (1992), and \"\"Alien Resurrection\"\" (1997). She is also known for her starring roles in the box-office hits \"\"Ghostbusters\"\" (1984), \"\"Ghostbusters II\"\" (1989), and \"\"Avatar\"\" (2009). Weaver was nominated for a Drama Desk Award",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Wyatt Oleff\"\nthen moved to Los Angeles with his parents and began acting. One of his earliest acting roles was in a commercial for Coldwell Banker. Wyatt Oleff Wyatt Jess Oleff (born July 13, 2003) is an American actor known for playing Stanley Uris in the 2017 supernatural horror film \"\"It\"\" as well as its 2019 sequel. Both are directed by Andy Muschietti and based on the 1986 horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. Oleff also had a minor role in the Marvel Studios films \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 2\"\", as the young",
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"chunk_text": "Gamora\nweapons, she prefers to use knives and swords. While Gamora was with the Infinity Watch, she possessed the Infinity Gem called the \"\"Time Gem\"\". The gem was mentally linked to her, giving her the potential power to control time. She said that she did not know how to employ its powers and preferred not to use it. While she possessed the Time Gem, Gamora was prone to precognitive dreams and visions, though she had no conscious control over them. Zoe Saldana portrays Gamora in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" (2014), \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nhe wanted to use Sneepers, an alien race that first appeared in Marvel Comics in 1964, as background characters in the film, but was advised against it by Marvel's legal department because the name was too similar to snípur, the Icelandic word for clitoris. The Marvel legal department later cleared the use of Sneepers in the film, in part because of all the media coverage Gunn's initial post received. At the end of the month, Feige stated casting announcements would be made before the end of 2015, and by the end of October, Pom Klementieff was cast as Mantis. Also,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\"\n2013, Zoe Saldana entered into negotiations to star as Gamora in the film, and it was confirmed she had been cast later that month. Also in April, Michael Rooker joined the film's cast as Yondu, and it was announced that Ophelia Lovibond had been cast in a supporting role. By this point in time, Lee Pace was in final negotiations to play the villain of the film. In May, Marvel offered John C. Reilly the role of Rhomann Dey. At the same time, it was disclosed that filmmakers were looking at actors including Hugh Laurie, Alan Rickman, and Ken Watanabe,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!\"\nin 2020 by a Marvel-themed area at Disney California Adventure. Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Benicio del Toro, and Bradley Cooper reprise their roles as Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax, The Collector, and the voice of Rocket, respectively. Due to Marvel's 1994 contract with Universal Parks & Resorts (pre-dating Disney's 2009 purchase of Marvel Entertainment), the Marvel brand is not allowed to be used as part of the ride's title or advertising. James Gunn directed all of the scenes involving the cast. Tyler Bates, composer of the \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" films, wrote the incidental music for the attraction's queue. The",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack)\"\nGuardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack) Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2: Awesome Mix Vol. 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\". Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on April 21, 2017. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date. \"\"Awesome Mix Vol. 2\"\" was the United States' eighth best-selling album of 2017 with 600,000",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Chris Pratt\"\nto value a guy who works with his hands\"\". Pratt reprised his role as Peter Quill / Star-Lord in the \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" sequel \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\", which was released in May 2017. The film focuses on Quill's and his team's search for his father. Pratt also portrayed the character in \"\"\"\", which was released in April 2018, and will reprise the role in \"\"\"\", which is set to be released on April 26, 2019. On April 21, 2017, Pratt received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in motion pictures, located",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nas a member of Yondu's original crew. Gunn also stated that he had completed the final draft of the script. Benicio del Toro, who portrayed the Collector in the first film, expressed interest in portraying the character again, despite Marvel not contacting him about the sequel; Gunn explained that the Collector \"\"just didn't fit\"\" into \"\"Vol. 2\"\". In early February, comedian Steve Agee was revealed to be in the film. Prop master Russell Bobbitt had difficulty finding the cassette decks that had been used in the first film, and all of the Sony Walkman headsets they sourced for the sequel",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Gianna Simone\"\nand permanent homes. Simone also serves on the board of The Plantrician Project. Simone is of Italian descent and identifies as a Christian and vegan. She likes extreme sports, including riding motorcycles and skydiving, and is an avid aerialist and target shooter. Simone resides in Los Angeles. Gianna Simone Gianna Simone (born December 22, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer. She has appeared in roles in the feature films \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\" (2013), \"\"Mother's Day\"\" (2016), \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" (2018), (2018), and several television series. Simone is originally from Boston, Massachusetts and during her youth, lived",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series\"\nchases after her, with either Gamora (Emily O'Brien) or Drax (Brandon Paul Elis). Onboard, they discover the bodies of thousands of Kree soldiers and learn that Hala intends to resurrect them and her son, Bal-Dinn (Johnny Yong Bosch). She mortally wounds Star-Lord, but he and his partner escapes with the Forge when the other Guardians arrive. Making it on board, Star-Lord dies from his injuries, only to be brought back to life by the Forge. Not knowing what to do with it, they visit Yondu (Mark Barbolak), a former space-pirate and the man who raised Peter Quill after his mother's",
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"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy (film)\"\nfor another role, and that Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely were providing finishing touches to the script. A few days later, Glenn Close was cast as the head of the Nova Corps in the film, followed shortly by the casting of Karen Gillan as the film's lead female villain. By June 2013, Benicio del Toro was cast in the film, as part of a multi-film deal with Marvel Studios. Later in the month, it was confirmed that Reilly had been cast as Rhomann Dey. Special effects makeup designer David White took head and body casts of actors, such as Bautista,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Sigourney Weaver\"\nalso earned Tony Award and Drama Desk Award nominations for her work on the stage. Sigourney Weaver Susan Alexandra \"\"Sigourney\"\" Weaver (; born October 8, 1949), is an American actress. Following her film debut with a non speaking role in \"\"Annie Hall\"\" (1977), she quickly came to prominence with her first lead role as Ellen Ripley in \"\"Alien\"\" (1979). She reprised the role in three sequels: \"\"Aliens\"\" (1986), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress; \"\"Alien 3\"\" (1992), and \"\"Alien Resurrection\"\" (1997). She is also known for her starring roles in the box-office hits \"\"Ghostbusters\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Carrie-Anne Moss\"\nCarrie-Anne Moss Carrie-Anne Moss (born August 21, 1967) is a Canadian actress. Following early roles on television, she rose to international prominence for her role of Trinity in \"\"The Matrix\"\" trilogy (1999–2003). She has starred in \"\"Memento\"\" (2000), \"\"Red Planet\"\" (2000), \"\"Chocolat\"\" (2000), \"\"Fido\"\" (2006), \"\"Snow Cake\"\" (2006), \"\"Disturbia\"\" (2007), \"\"Unthinkable\"\" (2010), \"\"\"\" (2012), and \"\"Pompeii\"\" (2014). Moss currently portrays Jeri Hogarth in several television series of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, mainly \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" (2015–present). Carrie-Anne Moss was born in Burnaby, British Columbia, the daughter of Barbara and Melvyn Moss. She has an older brother, Brooke. Moss's mother reportedly named",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4513997",
"chunk_text": "\"Evangeline Lilly\"\nEvangeline Lilly Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born August 3, 1979) is a Canadian actress who came to prominence for her starring role as Kate Austen in the ABC series \"\"Lost\"\" (2004–10), for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award and received a Golden Globe Award nomination. She is also known for her roles as Connie James in \"\"The Hurt Locker\"\" (2008), Bailey Tallet in \"\"Real Steel\"\" (2011), and Tauriel in \"\"The Hobbit\"\" film series (2012–14). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, she starred as the superhero Hope van Dyne / Wasp in the films \"\"Ant-Man\"\" (2015) and \"\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\"\"",
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"chunk_id": "6641933",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nthe Wasp: Nano Battle! replaces the Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters ride, and is scheduled to open in 2019. By San Diego Comic-Con 2016, the Tower of Terror at Disney California Adventure was set to be replaced by a new attraction, . Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista and Benicio del Toro all filmed exclusive footage for the attraction, reprising their roles as Peter Quill / Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax and Taneleer Tivan / The Collector, respectively. James Gunn, director of \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and its sequel, directed footage for the attraction and consulted on all aspects of it. Guardians of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "82911",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nthere next to the actors\"\". In April 2016, Gunn revealed that Reilly would not be part of the film, and stated that there were many other characters he could not include in the film due to rights issues, saying that 20th Century Fox \"\"owns so many awesome cosmic villains and minor characters that I'd love to play around with\"\" such as Annihilus and Kang the Conqueror. Gunn also planned on filming scenes with Glenn Close, reprising her role as Nova Prime Irani Rael from the first film. When filming Stan Lee's cameo, Gunn also filmed two other cameos with Lee",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2173542",
"chunk_text": "\"Mary Kay Adams\"\nMary Kay Adams Mary Kay Adams (born September 12 1962) is an American actress known for her roles in television. She is perhaps best known for her role as India von Halkein on the soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\" and as Na'Toth in the second season of the science fiction television series \"\"Babylon 5\"\". She grew up in Middletown Township, New Jersey. She attended Emerson College, where she was a sister of Sigma Pi Theta and graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. She also guest starred in \"\"\"\" as Grilka. She appeared in the episodes \"\"The House of Quark\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15480273",
"chunk_text": "\"Melia Kreiling\"\nMelia Kreiling Melia Kreiling (born ) is a Swiss-born American actress. She is known for her roles on television such as \"\"Tyrant\"\" and \"\"The Last Tycoon\"\". She also made a brief appearance in \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\". Melia Kreiling was born in Geneva in the late 1980s as the daughter of an American father, Randall A. Kreiling, and a Greek mother, Katia Dimopoulou. She grew up in Athens where she attended an English school. Afterwards, she attended the National State School of Dance. After moving to Great Britain, she studied at the University of Winchester and the Northern School of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4561892",
"chunk_text": "\"Luciana Carro\"\nLuciana Carro Luciana Carro (born March 23, 1981) is a Canadian actress best known for her appearances on the television series \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\", \"\"Caprica\"\", and \"\"Falling Skies\"\" and in movies such as \"\"Two for the Money\"\" and \"\"Dr. Dolittle 3\"\". Carro was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was encouraged to act by her parents as a way of overcoming her shyness. With the encouragement of her high school drama teacher Gerry Campbell (father of Neve Campbell), she attended theater school. Carro began her career with roles in \"\"The Chris Isaak Show\"\", \"\"Smallville\"\", and \"\"The L Word\"\". These led to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11672074",
"chunk_text": "\"Kathleen Turner\"\nKathleen Turner Mary Kathleen Turner (born June 19, 1954), better known as Kathleen Turner, is an American film and stage actress and director. Known for her distinctive husky voice, Turner has won two Golden Globe Awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award. Turner rose to fame during the 1980s, after roles in \"\"Body Heat\"\" (1981), \"\"The Man with Two Brains\"\" (1983), \"\"Crimes of Passion\"\" (1984), \"\"Romancing the Stone\"\" (1984), and \"\"Prizzi's Honor\"\" (1985), the last two earning her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. In the later 1980s and early 1990s,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8329656",
"chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\nthe company, integrating the actual credits from company Exceptional Minds with designs inspired by old music album art, taking albums and scanning them for their old textures and scratches. The destruction of the Ravager ship the \"\"Eclector\"\" was handled by Weta Digital. Weta Digital also handled Ego during his fight with Quill, utilizing a digital double of Russell for many of their shots. Weta also needed to create a digital double for David Hasselhoff for the moment when Ego shifts into Hasselhoff's guise. Guy Williams, Weta's visual effects supervisor, said, \"\"We tried morphing to a live action Hoff – but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_865
|
who is the guy on keeping up with the kardashians?
|
n/a
|
[
"Jonathan Cheban"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7764579",
"chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Cheban\"\nJonathan Cheban Jonathan Cheban (born February 21, 1974) is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and former publicist. He is noted for his recurring role on the show \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" and its spinoffs. Cheban was born in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union in 1974, the only child of a real-estate agent mother and a diamond-dealer father who died in 2011. He grew up in Fort Lee, New Jersey and attended Fort Lee High School before graduating from Hofstra University with a communications degree in 1995. Cheban is of Russian Jewish background. After graduation, Cheban began working for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17702009",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob Kardashian\"\nRob Kardashian Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known for appearing on \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", a reality television series that centers upon his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", during which he placed second. Rob and his siblings derive most of their revenue by endorsing products such as Coca-Cola, for which they are paid (as of 2016) between $75,000 and $300,000 per post on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, as per CBC Marketplace and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922700",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nweek. The reality series revolves around the children of Kris Jenner, and originally focused mainly on the children from her first marriage to deceased attorney Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob. Kris' children Kendall and Kylie from her subsequent marriage to American athlete Caitlyn (formerly Bruce) Jenner have also been featured on the show since its beginning, along with Jenner's son Brody from another marriage, although he appeared very few times during the early seasons, mostly being called by his step-brother Rob to babysit their half-sisters Kylie and Kendall. Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick has also been appearing frequently on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903935",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nIt also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn Jenner (previously known as Bruce Jenner), and brother Rob Kardashian. The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show, including Kourtney's ex-boyfriend Scott Disick, Kim's ex-husband Kris Humphries, and current husband Kanye West, Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom, ex-boyfriend French Montana, and current fiance Tristan Thompson. Caitlyn's son Brody Jenner made appearances in the early seasons, before appearing regularly between the 8th and 11th seasons, along with brother Brandon and Brandon's wife Leah. Kim's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khloé's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903944",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nthe show since the first season, as well as on the show's spin-offs. Cast members also include numerous friends and other acquaintances of the family members, most notably Malika Haqq and Jonathan Cheban who joined \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" in the second and third seasons, respectively. Most of the Kardashian sisters' significant others have appeared on the reality series. Kim's relationship with football player Reggie Bush was featured on the show when they were dating; after the breakup, Bush commented on appearing on the show saying that he never felt comfortable being followed by cameras, adding: \"\"I do it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922731",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nThe episodes of \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" are also available on numerous streaming video on demand services, such as Amazon Video, iTunes, Google Play, Microsoft Movies & TV, Hulu, and Vudu, as well as the E! network's own streaming service. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922703",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nallegedly set up to be portrayed on the show in a negative way and that the short-lived marriage was staged for the cameras as a ploy to generate money. Khloé married basketball player Lamar Odom during a fourth-season premiere aired in 2009. He later had a major role as part of the supporting cast of the series, though he did not appear regularly during the following seasons as he was attempting to repair his marriage with Khloé. Kim's current husband Kanye West made his first appearance on \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" in July 2012 during the seventh season when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903934",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nKeeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The fifteenth season premiered on August 5, 2018. The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17702015",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob Kardashian\"\ntook their month old daughter with her. However, the couple reconciled as the split was revealed to be done in the \"\"heat of the moment.\"\" In December 2016, Kardashian announced on his Instagram post that he and Chyna have split. On December 28, 2016, Kardashian was hospitalized again for diabetes, however, he left the hospital the next day. On July 5, 2017, Kardashian made a series of Instagram posts (since deleted) accusing Chyna of infidelity and posting explicit pictures of her. Rob Kardashian Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20521325",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Costello (fashion designer)\"\nTelevision's \"\"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\"\". Michael Costello has appeared as a fashion guest for television shows like \"\"Wendy\"\", \"\"Steve Harvey Show\"\", \"\"Good Day LA\"\", \"\"Good Day NY\"\", and more. On March 18, 2017, Michael Costello received a star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars. The presentation was held by Mayor Robert Moon, who also gave Costello the key to the City of Palm Springs and declared March 18 as the \"\"Michael Costello Day\"\". Michael Costello has 2 children from an arranged marriage that ended in 2006. Michael Costello (fashion designer) Michael Costello (born January 20, 1983) is an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14935725",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Kardashian\"\nRobert Kardashian Robert George Kardashian (February 22, 1944 – September 30, 2003) was an American attorney and businessman. He gained national recognition as O. J. Simpson's friend and defense attorney during Simpson's 1995 murder trial. He had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian (née Houghton, later Jenner): Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob, who appear on their family reality television series, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", and its spinoffs. Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California. He has a sister and brother, Barbara and Tom Kardashian. His great-grandparents, Saghatel (\"\"Sam\"\") and Harom Kardaschoff, were ethnic Armenian Spiritual Christian \"\"Prygun\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11466026",
"chunk_text": "\"Josh Altman\"\nJosh Altman Josh Altman (born March 10, 1979) is an American real estate agent, real estate investor and reality television personality. He appears on the television show \"\"Million Dollar Listing\"\", on the Bravo! television network. He has also appeared on \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" and \"\"Giuliana and Bill\"\" on the E! network. Josh Altman was born to a Jewish family on March 10, 1979, in Newton, Massachusetts. He had a Bar Mitzvah in both the US and in Israel. Altman attended Newton South High School from which he graduated in 1997. He then went to Syracuse University, from which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8612654",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Kardashian\"\nDavid Schwimmer in the 2016 FX miniseries \"\"\"\". In 2017, Kardashian was the subject of the pilot episode of the TV comedy series \"\"Over My Dead Body\"\" on Amazon Prime. Robert Kardashian Robert George Kardashian (February 22, 1944 – September 30, 2003) was an American attorney and businessman. He gained national recognition as O. J. Simpson's friend and defense attorney during Simpson's 1995 murder trial. He had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian (née Houghton, later Jenner): Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob, who appear on their family reality television series, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", and its spinoffs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19091887",
"chunk_text": "\"Kris Jenner\"\nKris Jenner Kristen Mary Jenner (née Houghton , formerly Kardashian; born November 5, 1955) is an American television personality, entertainment manager, producer, businesswoman, and author. She rose to fame starring in the reality television series, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" (2007–present). She has four children from her first marriage to lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robert, and two children from her second marriage to television personality and retired Olympic Games medalist, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn): Kendall and Kylie. Jenner was born in San Diego, California. She is the first child of Mary Jo Shannon (née Campbell; born 1934)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5051884",
"chunk_text": "\"Kim Kardashian\"\nKim Kardashian Kimberly Noel Kardashian West (; born October 21, 1980) is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and socialite. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton, but received wider notice after a 2003 sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J was leaked in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\" and \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\"\". Kardashian's personal life soon became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16793965",
"chunk_text": "\"Kim Kardashian\"\nShared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and Kris D Shared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and Kris E With Kourtney, Khloe, Rob, Kris, Kendall, Kylie and Caitlyn (then Bruce) Kim Kardashian Kimberly Noel Kardashian West (; born October 21, 1980) is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and socialite. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton, but received wider notice after a 2003 sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J was leaked in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16630384",
"chunk_text": "\"Ryan Crow\"\ntheir 2 children. Ryan Crow Ryan Crow (born November 26, 1979) is an American reality television producer/director. He is an alumnus of UCLA, graduating with a degree in Political Science in 2002. His most notable credits include The Simple Life, Rock of Love with Bret Michaels, and Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Ryan Crow served as the executive producer of \"\"Gnarkatz\"\" premiering August 8, 2017 on go90.com. Working with many production companies, he continues to produce projects for various networks. Ryan is currently an Executive Producer with Robert Rodriguez's El Rey Network. He resides in Pleasanton, CA with his wife",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903938",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nwhen he defended O. J. Simpson for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman during the O.J. Simpson trial. In 1991, Kris married retired Olympic decathlon champion Caitlyn Jenner (born 1949; formerly known as Bruce Jenner before undergoing a gender transition in 2015). Kris and Caitlyn had two daughters together, Kendall (born 1995) and Kylie (born 1997). Robert died in 2003, eight weeks after being diagnosed with esophageal cancer. The Kardashian sisters began appearing in the media spotlight more often. In 2004, Kim became a personal stylist for recording artist Brandy Norwood. She eventually developed into a full-time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19604150",
"chunk_text": "\"Kendall Jenner\"\nKendall Jenner Kendall Nicole Jenner (born November 3, 1995) is an American model and television personality. Originally appearing in the E! reality television show \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", Jenner is now also a model in a movement dubbed \"\"the Instagirl era\"\" by \"\"Vogue\"\" magazine, or \"\"Social Media Modeling\"\" by \"\"Harper's Bazaar\"\", where models are chosen for their online presence and social media following. After working in commercial print ad campaigns and photoshoots, Jenner had breakout seasons in 2014 and 2015, walking the runways for high fashion designers during the New York, Milan, and Paris Fashion Weeks. Jenner has done",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16630383",
"chunk_text": "\"Ryan Crow\"\nRyan Crow Ryan Crow (born November 26, 1979) is an American reality television producer/director. He is an alumnus of UCLA, graduating with a degree in Political Science in 2002. His most notable credits include The Simple Life, Rock of Love with Bret Michaels, and Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Ryan Crow served as the executive producer of \"\"Gnarkatz\"\" premiering August 8, 2017 on go90.com. Working with many production companies, he continues to produce projects for various networks. Ryan is currently an Executive Producer with Robert Rodriguez's El Rey Network. He resides in Pleasanton, CA with his wife Kelley Crow and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18840906",
"chunk_text": "\"Sean Hankinson\"\nTheatre Awards. In 2017, after completely a successful run off-broadway in Sex Tips for Straight Women from a Gay Man, Sean completed a National Tour. Sean Hankinson Sean Hankinson (born June 16, 1981) is an American actor who is known for his role as Ethan Blaine on the television soap \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", as series regular Ben Simmons on the Emmy Nominated internet series \"\"Prom Queen\"\" and as \"\"America's Favorite Boyfriend\"\" Ken on \"\"\"\". Hankinson was born and raised in Tucson, Arizona, living briefly in Albuquerque, New Mexico before moving to Los Angeles, California. He attended Tucson High Magnet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922702",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nbecause it's important to [Kim].\"\" Rob's relationship with singer Adrienne Bailon has also been documented on the show when they were dating from 2007 to 2009; although Bailon later admitted that the decision to appear on the show, and be associated with the family, hurt her career. Kim's eventual husband Kris Humphries first appeared on the show during the premiere of the sixth season; their relationship was chronicled throughout the season and ended with the couple's wedding special \"\"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event\"\". They eventually went through a highly publicized divorce; Kardashian's former publicist later claimed that Humphries was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6454352",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul H. Crane\"\nPaul H. Crane Paul H. Crane is an American obstetrician and gynecologist. The location of his practice in the Beverly Hills area of Los Angeles has caused him to feature in numerous television programmes performing procedures at the request of patients who are prominent figures in the entertainment industry. Crane is considered the entertainment industry's favorite doctor for obstetrics. Crane has provided information on parenting, advances in delivery practices, pregnancy diets and natural births. Crane is also shown on E! Entertainment Television's Keeping Up with the Kardashians providing a sonogram to determine the sex of patient Kim Kardashian's child. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18840903",
"chunk_text": "\"Sean Hankinson\"\nSean Hankinson Sean Hankinson (born June 16, 1981) is an American actor who is known for his role as Ethan Blaine on the television soap \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", as series regular Ben Simmons on the Emmy Nominated internet series \"\"Prom Queen\"\" and as \"\"America's Favorite Boyfriend\"\" Ken on \"\"\"\". Hankinson was born and raised in Tucson, Arizona, living briefly in Albuquerque, New Mexico before moving to Los Angeles, California. He attended Tucson High Magnet School, a performing arts public school. During college, he won an OC Weekly award for the title role in \"\"Equus\"\", a performance the \"\"Los Angeles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "989288",
"chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Murray\"\n\"\"Starting Over\"\", as well as Fox's \"\"The Simple Life\"\". Bunim/Murray Productions are also executive producers on \"\"Project Runway\"\" for Lifetime and for \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\"\", \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\", and \"\"Khloe and Lamar\"\", all on E!. Murray and Bunim were inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2012. Murray's partner is Harvey Reese. They have been together since 1992. They adopted a son. Jonathan Murray's son Dyllan Murray is a current teen pop singer. Dyllan has recorded songs with major artists such as Meghan Trainor, Tyga, and Jack &",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17702013",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob Kardashian\"\nhour-long episodes were ordered, excluding a television special featuring the birth of Kardashian and Chyna's newborn. The show premiered on September 11, 2016. It was later renewed for a second season. Kardashian dated actress Adrienne Bailon from 2007 until 2009. Their relationship was documented on the family reality show \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". After months of speculation, in October 2012, Kardashian confirmed through his Twitter account that he and singer Rita Ora were dating. In December 2012, it was revealed that their relationship had ended. In December 2015, it was reported that Kardashian was hospitalized after falling ill and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17303492",
"chunk_text": "\"Frankie Delgado\"\nFrankie Delgado Frankie Delgado (born May 30, 1981) is a Mexican-American actor and producer, born in Tijuana, Mexico. He is known for \"\"The Hills\"\", the MTV Video Music Awards 2008, and the 2009 MTV Movie Awards. Frankie Delgado´s first appearance as an actor was in \"\"TwentyFourSeven\"\", an MTV TV series broadcast in 2006. In 2007 he began his participation in \"\"The Hills\"\", another MTV series, where he appeared in 41 episodes. He has also appeared in \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" and Bromance. He participated as an actor and as a producer in the movie \"\"Del Playa\"\" (2006). As of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17649925",
"chunk_text": "\"Khloé Kardashian\"\nKhloé Kardashian Khloé Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American television personality, socialite, model, businesswoman, and entrepreneur. Since 2007, she has starred with her family in the reality television series, \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". Its success has led to the creation of spin-offs, including \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\"\" (2009–2013) and \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\"\" (2014–2015). From September 2009 to October 2016, she was married to basketball player Lamar Odom, whom she married one month after they first met. They starred in their own reality television series, \"\"Khloé & Lamar\"\" (2011–2012). In 2009, Kardashian participated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7764580",
"chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Cheban\"\npublicist Peggy Siegal at her firm in New York. At one point, music manager Benny Medina called Siegal to work on Sean Combs' 29th birthday party. When Siegal rejected the offer despite Cheban's urging, Cheban accepted the job himself. Cheban left Siegal and formed his own public-relations firm with two other publicists. He left that company in 2001, and went on to found his own firm CommandPR. Cheban first gained public attention with his appearance on the reality show \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\", appearing as a friend of the Kardashian sisters. He subsequently appeared in several episodes of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4443773",
"chunk_text": "\"Kassem G\"\nDisney Company for $500 million, rising to $950 million if financial milestones were met. Kassem G Kassem Gharaibeh (; born October 10, 1983), known by his stage name Kassem G, is an American comedian and actor, best known for his online content. His YouTube channel, \"\"KassemG\"\", hosts several hundred videos, most notably the \"\"California On\"\", \"\"Going Deep\"\" and \"\"Street Music\"\" webseries. As of May 26, 2017, Gharaibeh has almost 2.5 million YouTube subscribers and 441 million video views, and a secondary channel, \"\"KassemGtwo\"\", has less than a half million subscribers. He won the 2013 Streamy Award for Best Host for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903937",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nto the creation of numerous spin-off series, including: \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\"\", \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\"\", \"\"Khloé & Lamar\"\", \"\"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\"\", \"\"Dash Dolls\"\", \"\"Rob & Chyna\"\", and \"\"Life of Kylie\"\". The network has also broadcast several television specials featuring special events involving members of the family and friends. Robert Kardashian (19442003) and Kristen Mary \"\"Kris\"\" Houghton (born 1955) married in 1978, and had four children together: daughters Kourtney (born 1979), Kim (born 1980), and Khloé (born 1984), and son Rob (born 1987). The couple divorced in 1991. In 1994, Robert rose to prominence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903941",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nabout. It would be natural.\"\" Producer Ryan Seacrest, who had his own production company, decided to develop the idea, having the popular family-based show \"\"The Osbournes\"\" in mind. He hired a camera man to visit the Kardashian's family home to film them having a Sunday barbeque: \"\"They were all together as crazy and as fun as loving as they are,\"\" Seacrest described the family after seeing the tape. He later initiated the series by sharing the tape with E!, an American cable network which features mostly entertainment-related programming, and reality television series; the show was eventually picked up. In August",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922704",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nhe started dating Kim. However, West was seldom seen in subsequent seasons. He explained the reasons for not appearing on the show later: \"\"You know, the amount of backlash I got from it is when I decided to not be on the show anymore. And it's not that I have an issue with the show; I just have an issue with the amount of backlash that I get.\"\" He also criticized the show for its cinematography and further complained about the way how the show is filmed. In the eighth season, Caitlyn Jenner's sons Brandon and Brody Jenner, as well",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15523898",
"chunk_text": "\"Kylie Jenner\"\nKylie Jenner Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American reality television personality, model, entrepreneur, socialite, and social media personality. She has starred in the E! reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" since 2007 and is the founder and owner of cosmetic company Kylie Cosmetics. In 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall, and created a line of clothing, \"\"Kendall & Kylie\"\". In 2015, Jenner launched her own cosmetics line called Kylie Lip Kits, which was renamed to Kylie Cosmetics the following year. She also released a mobile app that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8699679",
"chunk_text": "\"Dan White (magician)\"\nphotographed performing magic tricks at the Victoria's Secrets Fashion Show 2008 and for Kim Kardashian and Reggie Bush. In 2013, White appeared on the Kris Jenner Show and he performed a number of card tricks. He appeared on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon three times in 2015 and 2016. His show at The NoMad Hotel has featured guests such as Neil Patrick Harris, Kanye West, Kim Kardashian West, Jimmy Fallon, Questlove, Aziz Ansari, Stefanie Schaefer, Aaron Paul, Carly Rome, Allison Williams, Jacob Tremblay, and Jesse Eisenberg. Dan White (magician) Daniel White is an American magician, producer, and creative consultant.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922717",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nLisa Berger, executive vice president of original programming and series development for E!, said: \"\"The buzz surrounding the series is huge, and viewers have clearly fallen for the Kardashians. […] Seacrest and Bunim-Murray's unique ability to capture this family's one-of-a-kind dynamics and hilarious antics has made the series a fantastic addition to our prime-time lineup.\"\" The second season continued the success and was viewed by 1.6 million viewers on average, which led to a third season renewal. The two-hour fourth-season premiere, which aired on November 8, 2009, and featured the wedding ceremony of Khloé and Lamar Odom, brought in then-record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3903959",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\nto appear on the show and added: \"\"But if living life in the spotlight is so taxing and demands multiple justifications for the way your life is being lived and criticized, perhaps you can take the cameras out of your house.\"\" Vinnie Mancuso, writing for \"\"New York Observer\"\", criticized the show and felt: \"\"roughly one iota of shadenfreudic pleasure from this endeavor, but for the most part this show is the 100% drizzling poops.\"\" David Hinckley of the \"\"New York Daily News\"\", reviewing the tenth season, said that \"\"even when you think something about the Kardashians could be interesting, it's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2836498",
"chunk_text": "\"Brandon & Leah\"\ntrack and field Olympian Caitlyn Jenner and actress Linda Thompson. His ex-stepmother was Kris Jenner from 1991 to 2015. He is the brother of Brody Jenner, now ex-stepbrother of Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian, and half-brother of Kendall, Kylie, and Burton Jenner, and Cassandra Marino. With his younger brother, Brody, he was on the TV reality show \"\"The Princes of Malibu\"\". He appears on the reality shows \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" and \"\"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\"\". Leah Elizabeth Jenner (née Felder, born November 24, 1982) is the daughter of former Eagles guitarist Don Felder. Along with husband",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4673776",
"chunk_text": "\"Kylie Jenner\"\nand used it to promote Jenner's TV series \"\"Life of Kylie\"\". Production art created for that series, including the lip design, was created by a third party designer and not by Jenner or any of her staff. Kylie Jenner Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American reality television personality, model, entrepreneur, socialite, and social media personality. She has starred in the E! reality television series \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\" since 2007 and is the founder and owner of cosmetic company Kylie Cosmetics. In 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1303834",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlie Hunnam\"\nLas Vegas and divorced in 2002. He has also had relationships with model Sophie Dahl, actress Stella Parker and film producer Georgina Townsly. Hunnam has been dating artist Morgana McNelis since 2005. In 2016 Hunnam begain training Brazilian jiu-jitsu and went on to receive his blue belt in October 2018. Charlie Hunnam Charles Matthew Hunnam (born 10 April 1980) is an English actor and model. He is known for his roles as Jackson \"\"Jax\"\" Teller in the FX drama series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\" (2008–2014), Pete Dunham in \"\"Green Street\"\" (2005), Nathan Maloney in the Channel 4 drama \"\"Queer as Folk\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17702010",
"chunk_text": "\"Rob Kardashian\"\nThe Telegraph. Kardashian was born March 17, 1987 in Los Angeles, California, United States to attorney Robert Kardashian and wife Kris. He has three older sisters, Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé. His parents divorced in 1991, and his mother married Olympic decathlete Bruce Jenner the same year. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained step-brothers Burton \"\"Burt\"\", Brandon, and Brody; step-sister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner. His father, Robert Kardashian, died in September 2003 from esophageal cancer. Kardashian graduated from the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business in 2009. Kardashian was a contestant on season 13 of \"\"Dancing with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8922695",
"chunk_text": "\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\n\"\"show[s] off their privileged lifestyle and maybe get into one or two minor family squabbles before ultimately wrapping things up with a monologue that reinforces the importance of family,\"\" as noted by Caroline Siede of \"\"Quartz\"\". Harriet Ryan and Adam Tschorn of the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" described the reality series as a: \"\"Hollywood version of \"\"The Brady Bunch\"\" -- the harmless high jinks of a loving blended family against a backdrop of wealth and famous connections\"\". Kim Kardashian described the beginning of filming the show, \"\"When we first started [the show], we came together as a family and said, 'If",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11948595",
"chunk_text": "\"Jordan Peele\"\nPeele counts among his influences \"\"In Living Color\"\", Richard Pryor and Dave Chappelle. Peele began dating Chelsea Peretti in 2013. They became engaged in November 2015, and, in April 2016, Peretti announced that she and Peele had eloped at an unspecified date. On July 1, 2017, Peretti gave birth to their son. Jordan Peele Jordan Haworth Peele (born February 21, 1979) is an American filmmaker, comedian, showrunner and actor. He appeared for five seasons as a cast member on \"\"Mad TV\"\" and starred with Keegan-Michael Key in the Comedy Central sketch series \"\"Key & Peele\"\". In 2014, he had a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "539960",
"chunk_text": "\"Mikey Wax\"\nBorn This Way (TV series) this Fall. Mikey Wax Mikey Wax is an American pianist, guitarist and singer-songwriter, most recognized for his single \"\"You Lift Me Up\"\" featured in the season 10 promo commercial of \"\"Keeping Up With The Kardashians\"\" on E! Entertainment. \"\"You Lift Me Up\"\" has also been featured during NBA games on FOX Sports, and has over eight million Spotify streams and two million YouTube views. Mikey Wax is a singer/songwriter from Long Island, New York, who started playing piano at the age of 8. Upon graduating from high school, Mikey attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8833443",
"chunk_text": "\"Mather Zickel\"\nMather Zickel Mather Zickel (born c. 1970) is an American actor, mainly known for comedy roles, as well as the character Kieran in \"\"Rachel Getting Married\"\". A native of New York City, he has worked in both film and television since the late 1990s. He graduated from the Pomfret School in 1988 and New York University in 1992. He co-starred as \"\"Rob the Federal Agent\"\" in season two of \"\"Delocated\"\" and as Will Keen in the ABC sitcom \"\"Man Up!\"\". He was also a recurring character in season 2 of Showtime's \"\"House of Lies\"\" and appeared in \"\"Masters of Sex\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6108320",
"chunk_text": "\"Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 2000–2001\"\n(Jimmy Fallon) and the chubby, well-baked Gobi (Horatio Sanz). It is eventually revealed that the only person who watches the show is an Icelandic teenager, Jeorg (played by Ashton Kutcher, but Kutcher didn't play Jeorg until he first hosted in Season 28). It frequently featured Seth Meyers as DJ Jonathan Feinstein starting in season 27 (Seann William Scott/Sum-41) and ending in season 29 (Lindsay Lohan/Usher). Other Characters include Jarret's roommates, Daniel (played by Chris Parnell), who appeared in the episodes hosted by Lucy Liu and Katie Holmes; and Jeff (played by Jeff Richards), who appeared in later sketches. The sketch",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9191918",
"chunk_text": "\"Tyler Henry\"\nand become a hospice nurse. However, Henry soon was \"\"discovered.\"\" Before long, he gained a celebrity clientele and a reality TV development deal. Henry began filming his E! television series when he was 19 years old; the show began airing a week after his 20th birthday. Henry reportedly welcomes skepticism about his work: \"\"I am content with people asking questions,\"\" he told the \"\"Fresno Bee\"\". Henry is openly gay. In November 2015, Henry appeared on \"\"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\"\". \"\"Hollywood Medium With Tyler Henry\"\" premiered on E! on January 24, 2016. After a successful premiere, E! ordered two additional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19957236",
"chunk_text": "\"Brody Jenner\"\nBrody Jenner Sam Brody Jenner (born August 21, 1983) is an American television personality, socialite, and model. The son of Caitlyn Jenner and actress Linda Thompson, he was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. In 2005, Jenner appeared in the reality television series, \"\"The Princes of Malibu\"\", which additionally featured his eldest brother, Brandon Jenner, and his friend, Spencer Pratt. In 2007, he began dating Lauren Conrad, a primary cast member of \"\"The Hills\"\", and subsequently came to prominence after being cast in the series during the second season. Their brief relationship ultimately ended his friendship with Pratt. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3887714",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Braun\"\nNicholas Braun Nicholas Joseph Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role in the HBO series \"\"Succession\"\" (2018). He has appeared in several films, including \"\"Sky High\"\" (2005), \"\"Princess Protection Program\"\" (2009), \"\"Red State\"\" (2011), \"\"Prom\"\" (2011), \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\" (2012), \"\"Date and Switch\"\" (2014), and \"\"How to Be Single\"\" (2016). Braun was born in Bethpage, New York, the son of Elizabeth Lyle and actor Craig Braun (born 1939). He has a brother, musician Christopher Deyo Braun, and half-brothers, actor Guillaume Rumiel and producer Timothy Braun. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11912201",
"chunk_text": "\"Simon Huck\"\nSimon Huck Simon Huck (born November 5, 1983) is the principal owner of the public relations firm Command Entertainment Group and a marketing executive who launched the sci-fi A. Human exhibition in 2018. He is also known for his association with celebrities, specifically Kim Kardashian, and his appearance in her reality shows, as well as starring in his own reality series called \"\"The Spin Crowd\"\", which covered Command PR and was executive produced by Kardashian. Huck was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He moved to New York City in 2005 to begin working for high profile publicist Lizzie Grubman. One",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_866
|
who has the most catches in nfl history?
|
n/a
|
[
"Jerry Rice"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13471764",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerry Rice\"\nJerry Rice Jerry Lee Rice (born October 13, 1962) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League, primarily with the San Francisco 49ers. He is widely considered to be the greatest wide receiver in NFL history, and often called the greatest NFL player of all time. Rice is the all-time leader in most major statistical categories for wide receivers, including receptions, touchdown receptions, and receiving yards, once being the leader for total yards and touchdowns in a season. He has scored more points than any other non-kicker in NFL history with 1,256. Rice was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18304847",
"chunk_text": "\"Billy Howton\"\nBilly Howton William Harris Howton (born July 5, 1930) is a former American football player, an end in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons with the Green Bay Packers, Cleveland Browns, and expansion Dallas Cowboys. Howton caught a total 503 career passes for a total of 8,459 yards. In doing so, he surpassed then leader Don Hutson to become the all-time leader in receptions and yardage. (Since then his ranking has fallen to below 50.) Despite this, he has yet to be named a finalist in Pro Football Hall of Fame balloting. He retired after the 1963 season,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3883462",
"chunk_text": "\"Terry Greer\"\nTerry Greer Terry Greer (born September 27, 1957) is a former professional American and Canadian football player who played wide receiver with the Canadian Football League Toronto Argonauts and the NFL Cleveland Browns and San Francisco 49ers. He held the CFL record for most catches in a season; he is a member of the Argonauts all-time roster and his #10 has been honored by the team. Terry Greer is known as the first to gain 2,000 yards in a 16-game season with the Argonauts. he had played then with marvelous players such as Jerry Rice and Joe Montana when playing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3883466",
"chunk_text": "\"Terry Greer\"\nwith him. Terry Greer Terry Greer (born September 27, 1957) is a former professional American and Canadian football player who played wide receiver with the Canadian Football League Toronto Argonauts and the NFL Cleveland Browns and San Francisco 49ers. He held the CFL record for most catches in a season; he is a member of the Argonauts all-time roster and his #10 has been honored by the team. Terry Greer is known as the first to gain 2,000 yards in a 16-game season with the Argonauts. he had played then with marvelous players such as Jerry Rice and Joe Montana",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6532070",
"chunk_text": "\"Odell Beckham Jr.\"\nhome of Super Bowl XLIX, Beckham, partnering with New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees, attempted to establish a new world record for the most one-handed catches made in a minute. He shattered the previous record of 10 as he caught 33 passes. However, this achievement was short lived as CFL wide receiver Andy Fantuz recorded 50 one-handed catches in a minute to set the new world record. Odell Beckham Jr. Odell Cornelious Beckham Jr. (born November 5, 1992) is an American football wide receiver for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). Born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15006641",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerome Barkum\"\nJerome Barkum Jerome Barkum (born July 18, 1950) is a former wide receiver and tight end in the National Football League. He played 12 years with New York Jets. He was drafted by the Jets out of Jackson State University with the 9th overall pick in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft. In 1973, he was selected to the Pro Bowl as a WR. His biggest catch in the NFL was made in Shea Stadium in a 1981 clash against the Miami Dolphins in the last seconds of the game to lift the Jets to victory 16-15. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10076063",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Calloway\"\nChris Calloway Christopher Fitzpatrick \"\"Chris\"\" Calloway (born March 29, 1968) is a former American football player. Calloway played professional football as a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons, including seven seasons for the New York Giants from 1992 to 1998. He was the Giants' leading receiver for four straight years from 1995 to 1998 and set a franchise record with a pass reception in 47 straight games from 1996 to 1998. At the end of his time with the Giants, his 334 catches ranked third in franchise history. He also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18304856",
"chunk_text": "\"Billy Howton\"\nGifford, Ollie Matson, and Hugh McElhenny. His 61 TDs are only two less than leader Matson. Billy Howton William Harris Howton (born July 5, 1930) is a former American football player, an end in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons with the Green Bay Packers, Cleveland Browns, and expansion Dallas Cowboys. Howton caught a total 503 career passes for a total of 8,459 yards. In doing so, he surpassed then leader Don Hutson to become the all-time leader in receptions and yardage. (Since then his ranking has fallen to below 50.) Despite this, he has yet to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10076070",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Calloway\"\nas an information technology recruiter for Associated Global Services. Chris Calloway Christopher Fitzpatrick \"\"Chris\"\" Calloway (born March 29, 1968) is a former American football player. Calloway played professional football as a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons, including seven seasons for the New York Giants from 1992 to 1998. He was the Giants' leading receiver for four straight years from 1995 to 1998 and set a franchise record with a pass reception in 47 straight games from 1996 to 1998. At the end of his time with the Giants, his 334 catches ranked third in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12129955",
"chunk_text": "\"John Stallworth\"\nJohn Stallworth Johnny Lee Stallworth (born July 15, 1952) is a former American football wide receiver who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He is considered to be one of the best wide receivers in NFL history. He played college football at Alabama A&M, and was the Steelers' fourth-round draft pick in 1974. Stallworth played in six AFC championships, and went to four Super Bowls. His career statistics included 537 receptions for 8,723 yards and 63 TDs. Stallworth's reception total was a franchise record until being surpassed by Hines Ward in 2005. Stallworth played",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6321628",
"chunk_text": "\"Shannon Sharpe\"\nShannon Sharpe Shannon Sharpe (born June 26, 1968) is a former American football tight end who played for the Denver Broncos and Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL), as well as a former analyst for CBS Sports on its NFL telecasts. He is a TV presenter who co-hosts \"\"\"\" with Skip Bayless. Sharpe was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on August 6, 2011. He played 12 seasons for the Broncos (1990–99, 2002–03) and two with the Ravens (2000–01), winning three Super Bowls and finishing his career as the NFL’s all-time leader in receptions (815), receiving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11248178",
"chunk_text": "\"Terry Barr\"\nTerry Barr Terry Albert Barr (August 8, 1935 – May 28, 2009) was an American football player. He played professional football for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions from 1957 to 1965. He began his NFL career as a defensive back and return specialist and later became one of the best pass receivers in the NFL. He played in the Pro Bowl in both 1963 and 1964, led the NFL with 13 touchdown receptions in 1963, and was among the NFL leaders with 1,086 receiving yards in 1963 and 1,030 receiving yards in 1964.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7527490",
"chunk_text": "\"George McGowan\"\nGeorge McGowan George McGowan (born March 10, 1948) is an American-born former football player for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL) where he played for eight seasons from 1971–1978. During his career with the Eskimos, he set CFL league records for most catches in a game (15) and most catches in a season (98) and won two Grey Cups before his career was cut short by knee injuries. McGowan was elected to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 2003. Born in Bethesda, Maryland on March 10, 1948, he grew up Glendale, California. McGowan attended University of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7103093",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Keane\"\nJim Keane James Patrick Keane (January 11, 1924 – March 8, 2011) was a professional American football end in the National Football League (NFL). He played seven seasons for the Chicago Bears (1946–1951) and the Green Bay Packers (1952). Keane, who was born in Bellaire, Ohio, remains the only player in Bears history to lead the team in receptions for four straight seasons, something he accomplished by catching a league-leading 64 passes in 1947, 30 in 1948, 47 in 1949 and 36 in 1950. When he left the Bears following the 1951 season, Keane was the franchise’s all-time leader with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11223613",
"chunk_text": "\"Steve Largent\"\nthe nickname \"\"Yoda\"\" for his ability to catch anything thrown at him. When Largent retired, he held all major NFL receiving records, including: most receptions in a career (819), most receiving yards in a career (13,089), and most touchdown receptions (100). He was also in possession of a then-record streak of 177 consecutive regular-season games with a reception. He also holds the distinction as the first receiver in NFL history to achieve 100 touchdown receptions in his career. Largent was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1995, his first year of eligibility. In 1999, he was ranked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5002354",
"chunk_text": "\"Darren Flutie\"\nDarren Flutie Darren Paul Flutie (born November 18, 1966) is a former Canadian football wide receiver for the BC Lions, Edmonton Eskimos, and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He is the Canadian Football League's fourth all-time leader in catches, behind Geroy Simon, Ben Cahoon, and Terry Vaughn. He is also fourth all-time in career receiving yardage behind Geroy Simon, Milt Stegall, and Allen Pitts. He held the BC Lions club record for receiving yardage in a season, 1731 yards, from 1994 to 2004 when Geroy Simon achieved 1750 yards. His Canadian career lasted from 1991 until 2002. He is the younger brother",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "682156",
"chunk_text": "Interception\nPro Football Hall of Fame in 1998. Rod Woodson played 16 seasons with Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Baltimore, and Oakland, and holds the NFL record for most interception returns for touchdown in an NFL career with 12. Also, he holds the NFL record for most total defensive TD returns in a career with 13. Woodson, who is third on the NFL all-time career interception list with 71, was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2009. Former New Orleans Saints safety Darren Sharper, most notable for playing 8 seasons with the Green Bay Packers and the Minnesota Vikings from 2005 to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7527493",
"chunk_text": "\"George McGowan\"\nHe is remembered for his hand-eye coordination and for catching as well in a crowd as in the open. George McGowan George McGowan (born March 10, 1948) is an American-born former football player for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL) where he played for eight seasons from 1971–1978. During his career with the Eskimos, he set CFL league records for most catches in a game (15) and most catches in a season (98) and won two Grey Cups before his career was cut short by knee injuries. McGowan was elected to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13923116",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLII\"\nteam for Super Bowl XLII based on the annual Super Bowl rotation where the NFC champions serve as the away team in even-numbered years. Also note that the Week 5 game vs. the New York Jets was considered a \"\"home\"\" game for the Giants. Patriots receiver Wes Welker tied the record for most catches in a Super Bowl, with 11. Welker was the fourth player to record 11 receptions in a Super Bowl, following Dan Ross of the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl XVI, Jerry Rice of the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XXIII, and Deion Branch of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8595387",
"chunk_text": "\"Lionel Taylor\"\nin all-time receptions (543) and receiving yards (6,872) for the Denver Broncos, Taylor was the Broncos' team MVP in 1963, 1964 and 1965, and an AFL All-Star in 1961, 1962 and 1965. An original Bronco, Taylor was part of the team's inaugural Ring of Fame class in 1984. Along with Lance Alworth, Charlie Hennigan and Sid Blanks, he shares the record for most receptions in one game with 13, doing so against the Oakland Raiders on November 29, 1964. Taylor was the first professional football receiver ever to make 100 catches in a single season, accomplishing the feat in only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8696543",
"chunk_text": "\"John Stallworth\"\nIn October 2006 the sale of MRC to Wireless Facilities Inc. was completed, and at that time it was announced that Stallworth would pursue other interests. Stallworth was announced as becoming part-owner of his former team on March 23, 2009, as part of the Rooney family restructuring ownership of the team. John Stallworth Johnny Lee Stallworth (born July 15, 1952) is a former American football wide receiver who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He is considered to be one of the best wide receivers in NFL history. He played college football at Alabama",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12612842",
"chunk_text": "\"Jason Witten\"\n133 days. This record was later broken in Week 3 by Cardinals' wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald who totaled 707 career catches with 29 years, 23 days. His 58-yard performance gave him 7,977 receiving yards for his career passing former Cowboy Jackie Smith for fourth all-time in receiving yards among tight ends. After week 3, Witten passed Ozzie Newsome for third place all-time in receiving yards among tight ends. In week 8, Witten caught a career-high 18 passes for a career-high 167 yards. This is also a record for receptions by a tight end; the previous record of 15 receptions was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8943283",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 NFL season\"\n26 attempts) in a 31–17 win over the Jacksonville Jaguars. The previous record had been set by Vinny Testaverde in 1993. If postseason games are included, the record holder is Tom Brady of the New England Patriots, who completed 26 of 28 attempts on January 12, 2008, also against the Jaguars. In Week 13, the Denver Broncos' Brandon Marshall caught a record 21 catches in a losing effort against the Indianapolis Colts. (The record was previously held by the San Francisco 49ers' Terrell Owens, who had 20 catches in a 2001 game.) Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2789187",
"chunk_text": "\"Mike Furrey\"\nseason. He had 98 receptions at the end of the 2006 season (which was the most in the NFC for that year), after none in 2005. The previous record was 92 catches, set in 1960 by Lionel Taylor, playing for Denver in the AFL. Furrey was the 2006 recipient of the Detroit Lions/Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association/Pro Football Writers Association's Media-Friendly \"\"Good Guy\"\" Award. The Good Guy Award is given yearly to the Detroit Lions player who shows consideration to, and cooperation with the media at all times during the course of the season. After the 2006 season, Furrey was re-signed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5531350",
"chunk_text": "\"Sterling Sharpe\"\nthree categories during the same season in years before the Super Bowl era. Jerry Rice (1990) is the only other player to accomplish this feat since the first Super Bowl season. In the 1993 season Sharpe subsequently broke his own record, with 112 receptions; this also made him the first player to have consecutive seasons catching more than 100 passes. In 1994, his 18 touchdown receptions were the second most in league history at the time, behind Jerry Rice's 22 in 1987. On October 24, 1993, Sharpe became the second Packer in team history to catch four touchdown passes in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17977382",
"chunk_text": "\"Dwight Clark\"\nDwight Clark Dwight Edward Clark (January 8, 1957 – June 4, 2018) was an American football wide receiver / tight end and executive. He played nine seasons for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 which included San Francisco's first two Super Bowl championship teams. He caught the winning touchdown pass thrown by quarterback Joe Montana in the NFC Championship Game in January 1982 against the Dallas Cowboys. The play, immortalized as \"\"The Catch\"\", propelled the 49ers to their first Super Bowl championship. Clark played college football at Clemson University and was selected by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1722787",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Gonzalez\"\nTony Gonzalez Anthony David Gonzalez (born February 27, 1976) is a former American football tight end. He played college football and college basketball at University of California, Berkeley, and was recognized as a consensus All-American in football. He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the first round of the 1997 NFL Draft. Gonzalez, a fourteen time Pro Bowl selection, currently holds the NFL record for total receiving yards (15,127) by a tight end. He also is second all time in receptions with 1,325, trailing only Jerry Rice. Gonzalez is first in receptions by a tight end. Gonzalez was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5921599",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Keane\"\n206 receptions and ranked second behind Ken Kavanaugh with 3,031 receiving yards. Keane still holds the Bears record for most receptions in a game. He set the mark by catching 14 passes in a 35–28 road loss to the New York Giants on October 23, 1949. Keane died on March 8, 2011 in Lake Forest, Illinois at the age of 87. Jim Keane James Patrick Keane (January 11, 1924 – March 8, 2011) was a professional American football end in the National Football League (NFL). He played seven seasons for the Chicago Bears (1946–1951) and the Green Bay Packers (1952).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11050812",
"chunk_text": "\"Isaac Bruce\"\n2 TD performance. His total receiving yards for 1995 (119 catches for 1,781 yards) was second only to Jerry Rice’s then record of 1,848 yards for one season, and is still the fifth most in a single season. In accomplishing this feat, Isaac Bruce surpassed former Houston Oilers WR Charley Hennigan’s 34-year-old record of 1,746 set in 1961. Bruce’s 119 catches also ranks twelfth on the NFL’s all-time single-season reception list. Bruce further broke four Rams’ records, including most receiving yards, most receptions, most consecutive 100-yard receiving games (6) and most 100-yard games (9). Bruce made USA Today’s All-Joe team,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6328063",
"chunk_text": "\"Terrell Owens\"\nTerrell Owens Terrell Eldorado Owens (; born December 7, 1973), popularly known by his initials, T.O., is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. A six-time Pro Bowl selection and five-time first-team All-Pro, Owens holds or shares several NFL records. He ranks third in career receiving yards at 15,934 and third in receiving touchdowns at 153. After playing college football and basketball at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Owens was selected in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers. Owens was a member",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8967975",
"chunk_text": "\"Hines Ward\"\nHines Ward Hines Edward Ward Jr. (born March 8, 1976) is a former American football wide receiver who played 14 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Georgia. The Steelers selected him in the third round of the 1998 NFL Draft and he became the team's all-time leader in receptions, receiving yardage and touchdown receptions. Ward was voted MVP of Super Bowl XL and upon retirement was one of eight NFL players to have at least 1,000 career receptions. Born in Seoul, South Korea, to a Korean mother",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6646609",
"chunk_text": "\"Sam McCullum\"\nSam McCullum Samuel Charles McCullum (born November 30, 1952) is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks and Minnesota Vikings from 1974 through 1983. McCullum was born in McComb, Mississippi, moved with his family to Montana in 1967, and was raised in Kalispell, Montana. He attended Flathead High School, and was All-State in football, basketball, and track. He then attended Montana State University, where he played football from 1970-73, and set a record of 16 career touchdown catches. McCullum is a convert to Judaism.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "185310",
"chunk_text": "\"Pete Lembo\"\nmost games with 100 or more yards receiving (28) and the most games catching a touchdown pass (34). Some of these records were previously held by legendary receiver Jerry Rice. Hudgins is second all-time in catches in a single season (123 in 2009) and third in touchdown catches (with 52). Hudgins and teammate Michael Mayers hold the FCS record for most catches by a duo in a season (207 in 2007). Elon wide receiver Aaron Mellette ranked third in the FCS in catches per game in 2010 and was later drafted by the Baltimore Ravens. On December 19, 2010, Pete",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12307031",
"chunk_text": "\"Randy Moss\"\nRandy Moss Randy Gene Moss (born February 13, 1977) is a former American football wide receiver who played 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He holds the NFL single-season touchdown reception record (23 in 2007), the NFL single-season touchdown reception record for a rookie (17 in 1998), and is second on the NFL all-time regular season touchdown reception list with 156. Moss played college football for Marshall University, and twice earned All-America honors. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round of the 1998 NFL Draft, where he played for seven years before a trade",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3758695",
"chunk_text": "\"Tight end\"\nand there are fewer tight ends now that can block on the line. In the 1990s, athletic Shannon Sharpe's prowess as a route-runner helped change the way tight ends were used by teams. Consistently double-covered as a receiver, he became the first tight end in NFL history with over 10,000 career receiving yards. Tony Gonzalez and Antonio Gates pushed the position toward near wide receiver speed and power forward basketball skills. At 6' 6\"\" Rob Gronkowski brought height, setting single-season tight end records in 2011 with 17 touchdowns—breaking Gates' and Vernon Davis' record of 13—and 1,327 receiving yards, surpassing Winslow's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1722813",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Gonzalez\"\nfirst feature film role as an actor. Tony Gonzalez Anthony David Gonzalez (born February 27, 1976) is a former American football tight end. He played college football and college basketball at University of California, Berkeley, and was recognized as a consensus All-American in football. He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the first round of the 1997 NFL Draft. Gonzalez, a fourteen time Pro Bowl selection, currently holds the NFL record for total receiving yards (15,127) by a tight end. He also is second all time in receptions with 1,325, trailing only Jerry Rice. Gonzalez is first in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "101299",
"chunk_text": "\"Keyshawn Johnson\"\n100 games to rank as the fourth most receptions in a player's first 100 games. The other three are: Marvin Harrison (591), Sterling Sharpe (524) and Lionel Taylor (516). To achieve this production, he has averaged 74.8 catches-per-season over his first nine seasons, and caught a pass in every one of his 135 games played over this span. This accomplishment was the second longest streak among active receivers (Harrison, 139) and the third longest streak to begin a career among all players (Marshall Faulk, 158 and Harrison, 139) at that time. For his career, Johnson recorded 60 or more catches",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12612841",
"chunk_text": "\"Jason Witten\"\nplay. On September 16, against the Seattle Seahawks, Witten caught four passes for 58 yards. He finished the game with 702 career receptions to become just the second player in franchise history to reach 700+ catches (Michael Irvin has 750) and the third tight end in NFL history to do so (Tony Gonzalez and Shannon Sharpe are the other two). Witten became the fastest tight end to reach 700 catches, reaching the milestone in 145 games, Gonzalez took 154 games and Sharpe took 178 games. Witten also became the youngest wide receiver/tight end to reach 700+ catches with 30 years,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1229836",
"chunk_text": "\"Jamarko Simmons\"\nJamarko Simmons Jamarko Simmons (born September 23, 1986) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was originally signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 but was cut after sustaining a leg injury that sidelined him for several weeks. Simmons played high school football, basketball and track for Flint Central High School in Flint, Michigan. Simmons played football at Western Michigan University, and was a standout wide receiver. He is the Broncos all-time receptions leader. Simmons was signed by the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League on July",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16978602",
"chunk_text": "\"Dwight Clark\"\nback a three-month supply of the drug Radicava before it became available in the United States. Dwight Clark Dwight Edward Clark (January 8, 1957 – June 4, 2018) was an American football wide receiver / tight end and executive. He played nine seasons for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 which included San Francisco's first two Super Bowl championship teams. He caught the winning touchdown pass thrown by quarterback Joe Montana in the NFC Championship Game in January 1982 against the Dallas Cowboys. The play, immortalized as \"\"The Catch\"\", propelled the 49ers to their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7065771",
"chunk_text": "\"Frank Clarke (American football)\"\n1964, and catches in 1963 and 1964. He held the franchise record for most touchdowns in a season by a receiver with 14 from his 1962 season, which stood for 45 years until 2007, when it was broken by Terrell Owens. He also had the team record for the most career receiving multi-touchdown games with 9, until it was broken by Dez Bryant in 2014. He retired after the 1967 NFL Championship Game against the Green Bay Packers, in what is now known as the “Ice Bowl”, won by the Packers, 21-17. He left with most of the franchise's records",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4301756",
"chunk_text": "\"Herman Moore\"\nteammates in NFL history with more than 100 receptions in the same season. In his highly successful 1995 season, Moore caught a career-high 123 balls (an NFL record at the time). In 1998, Herman Moore received the inaugural All-Iron Award for his performance in the annual Thanksgiving Day game in Detroit. Moore also played briefly for the New York Giants and finished his 12 NFL seasons with 670 receptions for 9,174 yards and 62 touchdowns. Herman Moore holds NFL records for both receptions (61) and receiving yards (965) on Thursday games. Herman Moore Herman Joseph Moore (born October 20, 1969)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3189193",
"chunk_text": "\"Anquan Boldin\"\nover 100 receptions in addition to topping the 1,400-yard mark. They joined Detroit's Herman Moore and Brett Perriman, who accomplished the feat in 1995, and Denver Broncos tandem Ed McCaffrey and Rod Smith, who did it in 2000. After compiling 83 catches, 1,203 receiving yards and 4 touchdowns in 2006, Boldin and was selected to play in his second Pro Bowl. Boldin was named the offensive captain for the Cardinals for the 2007 season; during the season, he became the fastest player in NFL history to compile 400 career receptions. On September 28, 2008, Boldin was carted off the field",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4895428",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Gatewood\"\nbroken in 2006 by Jeff Samardzija who had 78. His 157 career receptions were also a record until 2006 when both Samardzija and Rhema McKnight broke it. He still holds the record for the most catches per game in a season with 7.7. Gatewood was drafted by the New York Giants in the fifth round of the 1972 NFL Draft. He was unable to match the success he had in college and played in only 17 games over two seasons, recording no receptions. On January 9, 2015, The National Football Foundation announced that Gatewood would be inducted into the College",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8595388",
"chunk_text": "\"Lionel Taylor\"\n14 games (1961). He had four seasons with over 1,000 yards receiving, and averaged 84.7 catches per year from 1960 to 1965, then the highest six-year total in professional football history. , his 102.9 yards per game in 1960 remains a Broncos franchise record. Taylor completed his career with the Houston Oilers in 1967 and 1968. After his playing career, Taylor went into a long career as a coach. He was an assistant coach for the Super Bowl championship teams of the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1970s. Lionel Taylor Lionel Thomas Taylor (born August 15, 1935) is a former American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "101298",
"chunk_text": "\"Keyshawn Johnson\"\nwith the N.Y. Jets and 2001 with Tampa Bay. Johnson finished his career with 814 receptions, tying him at 17th all-time with Henry Ellard for career NFL receptions. His 10,571 yards receiving is the 24th highest total in NFL history. In reaching the 600 career receptions plateau in 118 games, he tied Herman Moore for the second fewest number of games needed in NFL history to reach that mark, and he became one of only three players in league history (Moore and Marvin Harrison) to reach 600 receptions in fewer than 120 games. He caught 512 passes in his first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4256229",
"chunk_text": "\"NFL Pro Bowl records\"\n10, Victor Cruz, N.Y. Giants, 2013. Yards Gained, Career -- 746, Tony Gonzalez, Kansas City, 2000-01, 2003-09, Atlanta, 2011-12. Yards Gained, Game -- 212, Randy Moss, Minnesota, 2000. Longest Reception -- 93 yards, Yancey Thigpen, Pittsburgh, from Jeff Blake, Cincinnati, 1996. Touchdowns, Career -- 8, Larry Fitzgerald, Arizona, 2006, 2008-09, 2011-13. Touchdowns, Game -- 4, Brandon Marshall, Miami, 2012. Interceptions, Career -- 4, Everson Walls, Dallas 1982-84, 1986; Deion Sanders, Atlanta 1992-94; San Francisco 1995; Dallas 1999; Champ Bailey, Washington 2001-04; Denver, 2005-08, 2011-13. Interceptions, Game -- 2, Mel Blount, Pittsburgh, 1977; Everson Walls, Dallas, 1982 and 1983; LeRoy Irvin,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12315598",
"chunk_text": "\"Don Looney\"\nDon Looney John Don Looney (September 2, 1916 – April 5, 2015) was a professional American football end in the National Football League. He was born in Sulphur Springs, Texas. He played three seasons for the Philadelphia Eagles (1940) and the Pittsburgh Steelers (1941–1942). He was the first receiver in NFL history to have over 100 yards receiving in each of his first two games, a feat which was not equaled until the 2008 NFL season by another Eagles wide receiver, DeSean Jackson. At the time of his death, Looney was the second oldest living former NFL player. He was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12139792",
"chunk_text": "\"Phil Epps\"\nEpps was also a World-Class sprinter. His personal best of 20.19 seconds in the 200 meters was the second fastest time in the world in 1982. He also competed in the 55 meters and 100 meters, posting personal bests of 6.08 seconds and 10.16 seconds. Phil Epps Phillip Epps (born November 11, 1959 in Atlanta, Texas) is a former American football wide receiver for the Green Bay Packers (1982-1988) and the New York Jets (1989). He attended Texas Christian University. One of his more memorable catches was a 1985 game against the Minnesota Vikings in which he caught a pass",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3974335",
"chunk_text": "\"O. J. McDuffie\"\nhistory. In 1998, McDuffie caught 90 passes, leading the NFL in that category. He is the only Dolphin to achieve this mark. That same year, McDuffie became the first player in NFL history to record at least 90 receptions and 10 punt returns in a season without a fumble. Antonio Brown of Pittsburgh in 2016 is the only player to do it since. With the exception of Mark Clayton and Mark Duper, McDuffie caught more passes thrown by Marino than any other Dolphin receiver. He played his entire career in Miami, retiring in 2000 because of a nagging toe injury.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_867
|
locations for the film an englishman who went up a hill?
|
n/a
|
[
"Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant",
"Llansilin in Powys"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "687398",
"chunk_text": "\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\nGarth Hill. Due to 20th century urbanisation of the area, it was filmed in the more rural Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant and Llansilin in Powys. The Welsh Male Voice Choir used to provide background music throughout the film was, in fact, the London-based Gwalia Male Choir. The film is set in 1917 (with World War I in the background), and revolves around two English cartographers, the pompous George Garrad (Ian McNeice) and his junior Reginald Anson (Hugh Grant). They arrive at the fictional Welsh village of Ffynnon Garw ( \"\"Rough Fountain\"\" or \"\"Rough Spring\"\" in Welsh) to measure its \"\"mountain\"\" – only to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11005641",
"chunk_text": "Llansilin\nLlansilin Llansilin is a village and local government community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales, about 6 miles west of Oswestry. The community, which includes Llansilin village, a large rural area and the hamlets of Moelfre and Rhiwlas as well as the remote parish of Llangadwaladr, had a population of 648 at the 2001 census, increasing to 698 at the 2011 Census. There is also an electoral ward including the nearby village of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant with a population of 2,295. The village was a primary location for the making of the film \"\"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "687397",
"chunk_text": "\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\nThe Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain is a 1995 British film with a story by Ifor David Monger and Ivor Monger, written and directed by Christopher Monger. It was entered into the 19th Moscow International Film Festival and was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based on a story heard by Christopher Monger from his grandfather about the real village of Taff's Well, in the old county of Glamorgan, and its neighbouring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "971628",
"chunk_text": "\"Mynydd y Glyn\"\nMynydd y Glyn Mynydd y Glyn is a mountain in South Wales, between the towns of Pontypridd and Tonyrefail. It has a height above sea level of 377 metres. It is the mountain which was used in \"\"The Englishman who went up a Hill and came down a Mountain\"\" in which Hugh Grant and Ian McNeice star as English cartographers. In the film the mountain is known as 'Ffynnon Garw'. In the story, set in the First World War years, written by Ifor Christopher and Ivor Monger, Welsh villagers are determined to stop their local mountain being downgraded to a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12169378",
"chunk_text": "Hill\nHill A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a \"\"hill\"\" may refer to a particular section of flat terrain without a massive summit (e.g., Box Hill, Surrey). The distinction between a hill and a mountain is unclear and largely subjective, but a hill is universally considered to be less tall and less steep than a mountain. In the United Kingdom, geographers historically regarded mountains as hills greater than above sea level, which formed the basis of the plot of the 1995 film \"\"The Englishman",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10073543",
"chunk_text": "\"Christopher Monger\"\nwas directed by Mick Jackson. Monger was nominated for an Emmy for his screenplay. Apart from his film work he still paints and is a member of the Pharmaka group of painters in Los Angeles, who opened one of the first galleries in Gallery Row in Downtown Los Angeles. Christopher Monger Christopher Monger (born 1950) in Taffs Well, Cardiff, Wales is a Welsh screenwriter, director and editor, best known for writing and directing \"\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\" and writing the HBO biopic \"\"Temple Grandin\"\". He has directed eight feature films and written",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "3989108",
"chunk_text": "Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant\nVyrnwy. Bus services are operated by Tanat Valley Coaches, based in the village. Route 76 links the village with Llanfyllin, Meifod and Welshpool. Routes 79/79A connect the village with Llangynog, Llangedwyn, Penybontfawr and Oswestry. Parts of the 1995 film \"\"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\"\", starring Hugh Grant, were filmed in the village, portraying the real-life village of Taff's Well, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, which by 1995 had become too developed to use. More recently, the village featured in the 2012 film \"\"\"\" with David Tennant, as the village where the St. Bernadette's school",
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"chunk_id": "9629279",
"chunk_text": "\"Home from the Hill (film)\"\nbut sensitive mama's boy.\"\" Hamilton and Peppard were signed to long-term contracts with the studio. The lead role was intended for Clark Gable. Despite being set in Clarksville, Texas, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer filmed the movie at Oxford, Mississippi near the University of Mississippi campus. \"\"Home from the Hill\"\" was filmed in and around Paris, Texas and Clarksville. The homes used in the movie, particularly the interior shots, are in Clarksville. The downtown area is Clarksville. Some hunting scenes were filmed near Lake Crook, the Paris, TX, water supply. Other scenes, including \"\"Sulfur Bottom,\"\" where filmed south of the Cuthand, Texas community in",
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"chunk_id": "17796001",
"chunk_text": "\"Christopher Monger\"\nChristopher Monger Christopher Monger (born 1950) in Taffs Well, Cardiff, Wales is a Welsh screenwriter, director and editor, best known for writing and directing \"\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\" and writing the HBO biopic \"\"Temple Grandin\"\". He has directed eight feature films and written over thirty screenplays. Monger was born in Taff's Well, Wales. His father, Ifor David Monger, was the local doctor and a published author and playwright. His short story \"\"The Man Who Lost His Boswell\"\" remains in print. Both Christopher Mongers's parents painted, and his father was also a keen",
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"chunk_id": "12092899",
"chunk_text": "\"Hampton Loade railway station\"\n75 years after being scrapped, it has been in the final stages of restoration back to its opulent Barry Railway condition for several years. The station has been used as the filming location for many films and TV programmes, including \"\"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\"\", \"\"Mad Dogs\"\" and a 1970s serial. Hampton Loade railway station Hampton Loade railway station is a station on the Severn Valley Railway heritage line, close to the hamlet of Hampton on the western bank of the River Severn; Hampton Loade itself is on the eastern bank, and may",
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"chunk_text": "\"A View from a Hill (film)\"\nhanging, though he subsequently recovers. The next day Patten burns all of the sketches and boiled bones in a bonfire and throws the binoculars in after them. Squire Richards accompanies Fanshawe to the railway station and then leaves. As Fanshawe sits on a bench waiting for the train, he hears a loud rustling noise in the woods behind him, implying that the ghosts of Gallows Hill will always be with him. The film was entirely filmed on location in the Thames Valley in November 2005; The Manor House in Chertsey, originally named Barrow Hills, featured as the home of Squire",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8821869",
"chunk_text": "\"The Hill (film)\"\nbecause of my reputation as Bond that the backers put up the money for \"\"The Hill\"\",\"\" he said. Lumet says he told Connery before filming began that, \"\"'I'm going to make brutal demands of you, physically and emotionally', and he knew I'm not a director who has too much respect for 'stars' as such. The result is beyond my hopes. He is real and tough and not at all smooth or nice. In a way he's a 'heavy' but the real heavy is the Army.\"\" Filming took place in Almeria, Spain starting 8 September 1964. An old Spanish fort in",
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"chunk_id": "3901446",
"chunk_text": "\"Brown Willy\"\nwere crudely constructed and probably only used seasonally. Nearly two-thirds of them were constructed in positions with a clear line of sight to the summit of Brown Willy and the nearby hill of Rough Tor, suggesting that the hilltops were viewed as special places. It is the location for a comedy film of the same name, about two 40-year-old former school-friends on a misguided stag do, written and directed by Brett Harvey. Brown Willy Brown Willy () is a hill in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The summit, at above sea level, is the highest point of Bodmin Moor and of",
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"chunk_id": "12830163",
"chunk_text": "\"The Hill (film)\"\nThe Hill (film) The Hill is a 1965 film directed by Sidney Lumet, set in a British army prison in North Africa in the Second World War. It stars Sean Connery, Harry Andrews, Ian Bannen, Ossie Davis, Ian Hendry, Alfred Lynch, Roy Kinnear and Michael Redgrave. In a British Army \"\"glasshouse\"\" (military prison) in the Libyan Desert, prisoners convicted of service offences such as insubordination, being drunk while on duty, going AWOL or petty theft etc. are subjected to repetitive drill in the blazing desert heat. The arrival of five new prisoners slowly leads to a clash with the camp",
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"chunk_id": "6015108",
"chunk_text": "\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\ncause outrage when they conclude that it is only a hill because it is slightly short of the required 1000 feet (305 m) in height. The villagers, aided and abetted by the wily Morgan the Goat (Colm Meaney) and the Reverend Mr Jones (Kenneth Griffith) (who after initially opposing the scheme, grasps its symbolism in restoring the community's war-damaged self-esteem), conspire with Morgan to delay the cartographers' departure while they build an earth mound on top of the hill to make it high enough to be considered a mountain. In regard to its humorous and affectionate description of the locals,",
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"chunk_id": "7352730",
"chunk_text": "\"Monroe Hill\"\narcheologically challenging experience that explores a place as well as the people that helped to transform it; thus, challenging the idea of a mythical birthplace of the University of Virginia. The film also explores other similar properties owned by James Monroe during the last decade of the 18th century, such as Limestone Plantation. Monroe Hill was shot on location at the University of Virginia and various other locations in Paris, Philadelphia, Richmond, Washington, Fredericksburg and New York. The film was made possible with an award of $85,000 from the Jefferson Trust, an initiative of the Alumni Association of the University",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\ncall it a \"\"be'chi'ngalw.\"\"\"\" In Welsh, \"\"be'chi'ngalw\"\" is a placeholder name, like \"\"whatchamacallit\"\" or \"\"thingamajig\"\" in English. This is made obvious in the novel of the film. The 13th episode of Veggie Tales, \"\"King George and the Ducky,\"\" contained a brief parody of \"\"The Englishman Who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\" entitled \"\"The Englishman Who Went up a Hill and Came Down with All the Bananas.\"\" The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain is a 1995 British film with",
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"chunk_id": "7837798",
"chunk_text": "\"Dean Spanley\"\nfilm, what’s striking is that Sharp has not so much effected an adaptation as a reinvention.\"\" Principal filming began at Wisbech in Cambridgeshire (including Wisbech Castle and Peckover House) on 10 November 2007, continuing for some weeks and taking in the heritage area of the Crescent, the Castle and the museum. It continued at Holkham Hall in Norfolk and Elveden Hall in Suffolk, once home to and remodelled for the last Maharajah of Punjab in the years just before the film's setting. Elm Hill in Norwich and the cloisters at Norwich Cathedral were also used. Further filming took place in",
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"chunk_id": "12578188",
"chunk_text": "\"Lynn Hill\"\nof ascending rather than just summitting; she realized on this trip that her style of free climbing was not conducive to summitting or mountain climbing. Rather than pursue ever higher climbs, therefore, she chose to climb in new places, such as Morocco, Vietnam, Thailand, Scotland, Japan, Madagascar, Australia, and South America; many of these climbs were filmed and helped promote climbing in general. Hill started offering climbing camps in five locations in the United States in 2005, with plans for more. For US$2,000, participants received five days of an \"\"immersive adventure camp\"\", including one-on-one coaching from Hill and other famous",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8821871",
"chunk_text": "\"The Hill (film)\"\non 5 June 2007 as a Region 1 widescreen DVD. The Hill (film) The Hill is a 1965 film directed by Sidney Lumet, set in a British army prison in North Africa in the Second World War. It stars Sean Connery, Harry Andrews, Ian Bannen, Ossie Davis, Ian Hendry, Alfred Lynch, Roy Kinnear and Michael Redgrave. In a British Army \"\"glasshouse\"\" (military prison) in the Libyan Desert, prisoners convicted of service offences such as insubordination, being drunk while on duty, going AWOL or petty theft etc. are subjected to repetitive drill in the blazing desert heat. The arrival of five",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "10347449",
"chunk_text": "\"Baldwin Steps\"\nBaldwin Steps The Baldwin Steps are a public outdoor staircase located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada dating from the 19th century. The Steps, which are constructed of stone and concrete, transcend a steep escarpment marking an ancient shoreline. The Steps are named after a former landowner of the area. They are named after the Baldwin family, which included Robert Baldwin, a former premier of Ontario, whose family were the first landowners. The Steps are also famous for appearing in the \"\"Scott Pilgrim\"\" graphic novels and its film adaptation, \"\"Scott Pilgrim vs. the World\"\". The Steps are located on the shore cliff",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "21001664",
"chunk_text": "\"Taff's Well\"\nspiritual site by various religious groups. The Garth Mountain overlooks the village and was the inspiration for the fictional \"\"Ffynnon Garw\"\", featured in the book, and film \"\"The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain\"\". The name \"\"Taff's Well\"\" is derived from the situation of the village alongside the River Taff and the presence of the warm spring within Taff's Well Park . Taff's Well Park (Parc Ffynnon Taf) is the site of the Taff's Well Thermal Spring, a well that reached its height of popularity for visitors to the village in the mid to late",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "17256546",
"chunk_text": "\"Morris: A Life with Bells On\"\nmorris sides were used as extras in the filming. The film was shot in London and parts of south west England in the summer of 2007, one of the wettest on record up to that date. Filming locations were predominantly in the West Country counties of Dorset and Wiltshire, and included Sandbanks beach in Dorset (doubling with the addition of a few palm trees as Los Angeles' Venice Beach), Poole in Dorset and Tisbury in Wiltshire. The Compasses Inn at Lower Chicksgrove in Wiltshire served as the Traveller's Staff pub, and the climax of the film was shot at Wimborne",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\"\nthe film has often been compared with \"\"Waking Ned\"\", a comedy film written and directed by Kirk Jones. The movie has resulted in a stream of visitors climbing to the summit of The Garth, and the Pentyrch History Society and the local community council have erected a notice on the mountain to explain its real historical significance. One joke in the film which may not be obvious to non-Welsh speakers occurs when a mechanic is asked about a nondescript broken part he has removed from a car, and replies \"\"Well I don't know the English word, but in Welsh we",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13726871",
"chunk_text": "\"The Remains of the Day (film)\"\nthem were Dyrham Park for the exterior of the house and the driveway, Powderham Castle (staircase, hall, music room, bedroom; used for the aqua-turquoise stairway scenes), Corsham Court (library and dining room) and Badminton House (servants' quarters, conservatory, entrance hall). Luciana Arrighi, the production designer, scouted most of these locations. Scenes were also shot in Weston-super-Mare, which stood in for Clevedon. The pub where Mr Stevens stays is the Hop Pole in Limpley Stoke; the shop featured is also in Limpley Stoke. The pub where Miss Kenton and Mr Benn meet is the George Inn, Norton St Philip. The character",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19565653",
"chunk_text": "\"Hereafter (film)\"\nBay Area. On January 19, scenes featuring Damon were shot at the California and Hawaiian Sugar Company refinery in Crockett, California, and the exterior of C&H Sugar is seen on screen. The location was not announced until filming had concluded, for fear that large crowds would gather to watch. Filming also took place in Nob Hill, San Francisco and Emeryville. While production was in the Bay Area, it employed 300 local extras and crew members. Production returned to London on January 29 to shoot Damon's final scenes. On February 3, scenes were filmed at the Charles Dickens Museum. Later in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6632102",
"chunk_text": "\"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\"\nJames Stewart, Laurence Olivier, and Mickey Rooney. While some of the incidents depicted in the various screen adaptations do not appear in the book, this film is generally faithful to the original story. The exteriors of the buildings of the fictional Brookfield School were filmed at Repton School, an independent school (at the time of filming, for boys only), located in the village of Repton, in Derbyshire, in the Midlands area of England, whilst the interiors, school courtyards and annexes, including the supposedly exterior shots of the Austrian Tyrol Mountains, were filmed at Denham Film Studios, near the village of",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "18168913",
"chunk_text": "\"Out of Africa (film)\"\ndepicting the Government House were shot at Nairobi School with the administration block providing a close replica of British colonial governors' residences. The scenes set in Denmark were actually filmed in Surrey, England. This film quotes the start of the book, \"\"I had a farm in Africa, at the foot of the Ngong Hills\"\" [p. 3], and Karen recites, \"\"He prayeth well that loveth well both man and bird and beast\"\" from \"\"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\"\", which becomes the epitaph inscribed on Finch Hatton's grave marker [p. 370]. This film differs significantly from the book, leaving out the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "13741938",
"chunk_text": "\"Heights of Abraham\"\nHeights of Abraham The Heights of Abraham is a tourist attraction in Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, England. It consists of a hilltop park on top of Masson Hill, accessed from the village by either the Heights of Abraham cable car or a steep zig-zag path. The heights are named after a supposed resemblance to the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Heights of Abraham, in Quebec, Canada, where James Wolfe died in battle. Amongst the attractions in the park, which has been open since Victorian times, are cavern and mine tours. There are also views of the dramatic scenery of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "13208090",
"chunk_text": "\"Gold Hill, Shaftesbury\"\nGold Hill, Shaftesbury Gold Hill is a steep cobbled street in the town of Shaftesbury in the English county of Dorset. It is famous for its picturesque appearance; the view looking down from the top of the street has been described as \"\"one of the most romantic sights in England.\"\" The image of this view appears on the covers of many books about Dorset and rural England, as well as on chocolate boxes and calendars. Gold Hill has also been used as a setting for film and television. It appears in the 1967 film version of Thomas Hardy's \"\"Far From",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "8818499",
"chunk_text": "\"Winton, Dorset\"\nchanged hands but the cinema took a downturn in the 1980s due to lack of maintenance and it ended its life in 1989 when it was demolished to build a pub. The steep rise in Wimborne Road to the north of Kemp and Wycliffe roads, has been known locally for many years as Peter's Hill, with several stories circulating as to the origin of the name, the least fanciful would seem to be that the spire of Saint Peter's Church in Bournemouth could be glimpsed from the top of the hill. Evidence of the name dates to 1871, soon after",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11348193",
"chunk_text": "\"The Small Back Room\"\nnumber of studios: Denham Film Studios in Buckinghamshire; Worton Hall Studios in Isleworth, Middlesex; and Shepperton Studios in Shepperton, Surrey. Location shooting took place at Chesil Bank and St. Catherine's Chapel in Dorset; Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain; and on the Victoria Embankment in London. In his autobiography, \"\"A Life in Movies\"\", Michael Powell acknowledged the influence of German expressionist films such as \"\"Nosferatu\"\" in leading him towards making films such as \"\"The Red Shoes\"\", \"\"Tales of Hoffman\"\" and \"\"The Small Back Room\"\". The review for \"\"Variety\"\" said that although the film lacked \"\"the production tricks usually associated with [Powell and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "19706568",
"chunk_text": "W.E.\nand France. The \"\"Daily Mail\"\" reported that Madonna chose a pub in Kensington in west London, on July 21, 2010, to shoot some scenes for the film. She chose the top two floors of The Abingdon Pub, and worked for almost five hours there. This was followed by shooting scenes in the Club Quarters of Trafalgar Square on July 26, 2010. Other places where filming took place include the Stoke Park Country Club, Spa and Hotel in Buckinghamshire. Then filming moved to France, where on July 29, 2010, Madonna shot scenes with D'Arcy and Riseborough in Palm Beach in Marseille,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15514691",
"chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of William Tell\"\nwrote a number of stories for the series and also produced \"\"Danger Man\"\". The show was made at the National Studios in Elstree. The outdoor scenes were filmed around the mountains and lakes of Snowdonia in the UK. The film base and make-up were at a small farm in Cwm-Y-Glo in Snowdonia. This is beside Llyn Padarn, a lake which can be seen in many shots (as can cars on the A4086 road on the opposite side of the lake!). The crew used to walk up the mountain from their base as there was no vehicle access, and brought work",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "16569469",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mythe\"\nThe Mythe The Mythe is a house built on the top of a hill overlooking the town of Tewkesbury, England. There has been a house on the site for nearly a thousand years. The Mythe is the name of the house but it also the name of the surrounding area, about . The main road going through it is the A38 or the \"\"Mythe Road\"\". In Frome, Somerset there is a Victorian gothic house called Mythe House which is a house on the top of a hill too (Butts Hill) the house overlooks the town of Frome. The house was",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "12680288",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wild Geese\"\ntook place at Messina Border Region. The fictional country is said to lie on the border with Burundi, Rhodesia and Rwanda and Zambia, Uganda and Swaziland are also mentioned to be close by. The rugby scenes were filmed over a period of two days at Marble Hill Park in Twickenham with extras drafted in from nearby Teddington Boys' School. Marble Hill Close near Marble Hill Park was also used as a location. Hardy Krüger later complained about the film: For this kind of a delicate story in Africa with an element of battle in it, there has to be some",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "2774203",
"chunk_text": "\"As Seen Through a Telescope\"\n(which is this film's main advance on \"\"Grandma's Reading Glass\"\").\"\" \"\"Smith's experiments with editing,\"\" Brooke concludes, \"\"were ahead of most contemporary film-makers, and in retrospect it can clearly be seen that he was laying the foundations of film grammar as we now understand it.\"\" The film was shot in Furze Hill, Hove, England outside the entrance to St. Ann's Well Gardens, where Smith had his studio. An old gentleman is shown on a village street, looking for something through a field glass. Suddenly, he levels the glass on a young couple coming up the road. The girl's shoe string came",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "8219532",
"chunk_text": "\"Tyrannosaur (film)\"\nrevealed in the film. The film is set in an unspecified town in the North of England, although much of it was shot on location in residential areas of Leeds and Wakefield, including Seacroft, Cross Gates, Eccup, Harehills and Alwoodley, and the accents of many of the main characters are drawn from a wide geographical area. The film makes reference to the fictional Manners Estate as an area in the town where the more wealthy inhabitants reside. Manners Estate is the name of the council estate in the parish of Winshill near Burton-on-Trent where Paddy Considine grew up. Many of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "16575249",
"chunk_text": "Yanks\nused in the film for scenes involving an audience sing-along to such songs as \"\"Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition\"\" and \"\"Deep in the Heart of Texas\"\" and exterior shots of the unnamed Welsh resort were filmed along Happy Valley Road, Llandudno, North Wales. The ending, where the troops board their train to head to the front, were filmed at Keighley railway station on the line belonging to the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway. An authentic Second World War locomotive, which is preserved by the heritage railway, was used for the scene. The film was a box office flop",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "11348198",
"chunk_text": "\"The Elusive Pimpernel\"\nand changes to the film but when Powell delivered the final cut, Goldwyn refused to make the final payment, which caused Korda to sue him. The film was shot in 1949 at various British film studios in Boreham Wood, Elstree and Shepperton, Surrey. Location shooting took place in Bath, Dover, in Savernake Forest, on the Marlborough Downs, and in the stables of Carlton House Terrace, St. James's, London. In France, filming took place in the chateaux of the Loire Valley and on Mont Saint-Michel. \"\"The Elusive Pimpernel\"\" was released in the UK in 1950, but because of the falling out",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "2878326",
"chunk_text": "\"The Haunting (1963 film)\"\nten or twelve favorites among the films he made, commenting that it was his favorite filmmaking experience. Ettington Park, (now the Ettington Park Hotel), with its grounds near the village of Ettington, Warwickshire, was used for exterior shots of Hill House. According to actor Russ Tamblyn, Wise approached a society that kept track of British haunted houses, and they gave him a list of such places. Production designer Elliot Scott was sent around the country to look at each house, and Wise personally selected Ettington Park. Some of the cast and crew were housed in Ettington Park during exterior shooting.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "3385336",
"chunk_text": "\"Malvern Hills\"\nof the hills from 'Madams' in Gloucestershire and from the 'Rising Sun' hotel on Cleeve Hill near Cheltenham. Dame Laura Knight painted in a studio near Wynds Point below British Camp. The opening scene in \"\"Elgar\"\", a drama documentary made in 1962 by the British director Ken Russell, depicts a young Elgar riding a white pony over the Malvern Hills. Made for BBC Television's long-running \"\"Monitor\"\" programme, it dramatised the life of the composer Edward Elgar. The film significantly raised the public profile of the composer. The Tank Quarry on North Hill and West of England Quarry on the Worcestershire",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "12313082",
"chunk_text": "\"Minton, Shropshire\"\nHouse, Ivanhoe, Manor Farmhouse, Well Cottage, and Minton House. There is an outdoors activity centre located on the lane between Minton and Hamperley, the \"\"Longmynd Adventure Camp\"\", with overnight accommodation and camping ground. Minton Hill is to the northwest of the hamlet and rises to 453m. A bridleway leads up to its summit (and continues beyond onto the Long Mynd) from the hamlet of Minton. Another walking route up to the Long Mynd is via the Minton Batch, where a bridleway leads up from the lane to Hamperley. The Oscar-nominated actor, Pete Postlethwaite, lived at Yew Tree Cottage in Minton",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "8861578",
"chunk_text": "\"George K. Hollister\"\nduring the winter and in 1910 would be part of the first ever crew to film on location outside of the United States. Traveling to Ireland with Olcott's crew that included leading lady and principal screenwriter, Gene Gauntier, and actor Robert Vignola, George Hollister shot \"\"The Lad From Old Ireland\"\" plus a number of film shorts in Blarney Castle, Glengarriff and at the Lakes of Killarney. A Kalem crew returned to Ireland in each of the next two years and in 1912, Hollister's wife joined them and acted in the first of her films. After the 1912 filming in Ireland,",
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},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12290686",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mountain Eagle\"\nwere taken on the set rather than being stills from the film itself. They were auctioned off in Los Angeles for $6,000 (£3,700). Hitchcock's notebooks were also found, documenting his journey to Obergurgl, by train, horse and cart, and by foot. Both \"\"The Pleasure Garden\"\" and \"\"The Mountain Eagle\"\" were produced in co-operation with Emelka Film Studios in Munich, Germany. The film was mostly shot at Emelka in Munich in the fall of 1925, and the film exteriors were shot on location in Obergurgl, in what is now the municipality of Sölden in the State of Tyrol in southwestern Austria,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16363075",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuts in May\"\nfilmed in its entirety, in the geologically and historically rich Isle of Purbeck area of Dorset in South West England. The characters visit a number of significant points of interest including Corfe Castle, Stair Hole, Kimmeridge, Lulworth Cove and the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site. The location was chosen at the suggestion of the producer David Rose, who came from Purbeck: \"\"I told him about the quarries in the district and asked him to film everything out of doors, under the skies; he reneged only slightly on this condition – there is one sequence of about one minute twenty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8851295",
"chunk_text": "\"Elm Hill, Norwich\"\nElm Hill, Norwich Elm Hill, Norwich is a historic cobbled lane in Norwich, Norfolk with many buildings dating back to the Tudor period. It is a famous Norwich landmark and features the Briton's Arms coffee house, The Stranger's Club, The Tea House (in Wrights Court) and the Dormouse Bookshop. It has been used as a location for television and film productions, most notably for the 2007 film \"\"Stardust\"\". Elm Hill acquired its name from the elm trees that have successively stood in the square since the first quarter of the 16th century when the Churchwardens of St Peter Hungate Church",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4771530",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard B Goodwin\"\nGoodwin grew up in India until the end of the war. He travelled to England in the first convoy to reach the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. After serving out his time at boarding school, he joined the film industry as a teaboy at the Rank Organisation. Goodwin then spent his national service in the Malayan jungle, and joined the S.A.S in 1952. On his return to England, he turned down a place at Cambridge to return to the film industry, as a military adviser on \"\"A Hill in Korea\"\", starring George Baker. By 1956, Goodwin had begun his long",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8326372",
"chunk_text": "\"Telegraph Hill, Dorset\"\nanother bastion of the chalk escarpment. A Franciscan friary lies in the hamlet of Hilfield beneath the hill to the west. The area of Minterne, Dogbury Hill and High Stoy was the setting for Thomas Hardy's novel, \"\"The Woodlanders\"\", Minterne House being referred to as Great Hintock House. The 1990s TV film of Hardy's \"\"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\"\" was made on Dogbury Hill. Telegraph Hill is a popular paragliding spot. Telegraph Hill, Dorset Telegraph Hill (267 metres, 876 feet high) is a hill about 1 mile northwest of Minterne Magna and about 10 miles north of Dorchester in the county",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3582869",
"chunk_text": "\"Castle Hill (Ipswich, Massachusetts)\"\nwith the circular driveway. The 2014 movie \"\"The Equalizer\"\" features a shot of Castle Hill in one of the final scenes, and the caption describes it as being in Moscow, Russia. Phil Keoghan opened the first episode and introduced the video background segments of the contestants of \"\"The Amazing Race 17\"\" from the grass mall. Castle Hill (Ipswich, Massachusetts) Castle Hill refers to either a drumlin surrounded by sea and salt marsh or to the mansion that sits on the hill. Both are part of the Crane Estate located on Argilla Road in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The former summer home of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_868
|
when did bihar bifurcate from bengal and some parts of chota nagpur merged into bengal?
|
n/a
|
[
"1912"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "8092564",
"chunk_text": "Hazaribagh\nmany years, Lal Motor Company operated the rail-cum-bus service between Hazaribagh town and Hazaribagh Road railway station. In 1912, a new province of Bihar and Orissa was split from Bengal Province. In 1936, the province was split into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the Chota Nagpur Division being a part of Bihar. Bihar's boundaries remained mostly unchanged after Indian Independence in 1947. After the 1991 census, the district of Hazaribagh was divided into three separate districts, Hazaribagh, Chatra and Koderma. The two sub-divisions Chatra and Koderma were upgraded to the status of independent districts. In 2000, Jharkhand was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19449448",
"chunk_text": "\"Administration in Bihar\"\nAdministration in Bihar Bihar is a state situated in North India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north. Before 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8873467",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nplayer in India and was the staging post for the British colonial Bengal Presidency from the 1750s and up to the war of 1857–58. On 22 March 1912, Bihar was carved out as a separate province in the British Indian Empire. Since 1947 independence, Bihar has been an original state of the Indian Union. The earliest proof of human activity in Bihar is Mesolithic habitational remains at Munger. Prehistoric rock paintings have been discovered in the hills of Kaimur, Nawada and Jamui. It was the first time that a Neolithic settlement was discovered in the thick of the alluvium, over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_id": "16226335",
"chunk_text": "Bihar\nto administer, and collect revenue or tax) for Bihar, Bengal and Odisha. The rich resources of fertile land, water and skilled labour had attracted the foreign imperialists, particularly the Dutch and British, in the 18th century. A number of agriculture-based industries had been started in Bihar by foreign entrepreneurs. Bihar remained a part of the Bengal Presidency of British India until 1912, when the province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out as a separate province. Since 2010, Bihar has celebrated its birthday as Bihar Diwas on 22 March. Farmers in Champaran had revolted against indigo cultivation in 1914 (at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18238135",
"chunk_text": "\"Bihar Province\"\nBihar Province Bihar Province was a province of British India, created in 1936 by the partition of the Bihar and Orissa Province. In 1756 Bihar was part of Bengal. On 14 October 1803 Orissa was occupied by the British Raj. On 1 April 1912 both Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa Province. On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. The Government of India Act provided for the election of a provincial legislative assembly and a responsible government. Elections were held in 1937, and the Indian National Congress took a majority of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18238133",
"chunk_text": "\"Bihar Province\"\nBihar Province Bihar Province was a province of British India, created in 1936 by the partition of the Bihar and Orissa Province. In 1756 Bihar was part of Bengal. On 14 October 1803 Orissa was occupied by the British Raj. On 1 April 1912 both Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa Province. On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. The Government of India Act provided for the election of a provincial legislative assembly and a responsible government. Elections were held in 1937, and the Indian National Congress took a majority of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12021733",
"chunk_text": "\"Partition of Bengal (1905)\"\nlieutenant- governor of East Bengal, Sir Bampfylde Fuller. Around the time of 1907 Punjab unrest, the soldiers of Jat paltan revolted and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover the government treasurery. Their revolt was crushed by British colonists and several Jat soldiers had to suffer long imprisonment sentences. Due to these political protests, the two parts of Bengal were reunited on 12 December 1911. A new partition which divided the province on linguistic, rather than religious grounds followed, with the Hindi, Oriya and Assamese areas separated to form separate administrative units: Bihar and Orissa Province was created to the west,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19449449",
"chunk_text": "\"Administration in Bihar\"\nBihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province. Following Divisions were included in Bihar and Orissa Province when it separated from Bengal Presidency in 1912: On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province In 1936, Bihar became a separate province including part of Jharkhand. After the independence of India in 1951, Bihar including Jharkhand had 18 districts, and had 55 districts in 1991. In 2000, Bihar again divided into two states:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19449455",
"chunk_text": "\"Administration in Bihar\"\na result of the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 passed by the Parliament, the strength of the Bihar Legislative Council has been reduced from 96 to 75 members. Administration in Bihar Bihar is a state situated in North India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north. Before 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2014704",
"chunk_text": "Bihar\nBihar Bihar (; ) is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern and Northern India. It is the thirteenth-largest Indian state, with an area of . The third-largest state by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three distinct regions: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpur. On 15 November 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8873506",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nBihar from Bengal on 22 March 1912, the completion of 100 years of existence is being celebrated in the name of Bihar Shatabadi Celebration Utsav. There was a political crisis over post of the chief minister during February 2015. History of Bihar The history of Bihar is one of the most varied in India. Bihar consists of three distinct regions, each has its own distinct history and culture. They are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. Chirand, on the northern bank of the Ganga River, in Saran district, has an archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC). Regions of Bihar—such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13636480",
"chunk_text": "\"Bihar and Orissa Province\"\nBihar and Orissa Province Bihar and Orissa was a province of British India which included the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and a part of Odisha. The territories were conquered by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and were part of the Bengal Presidency, the largest British province in India. On 22 March 1912 both Bihar and Orissa division were separated from the Bengal Presidency as Bihar and Orissa Province. On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. In 1756 Bihar was part of Bengal Subah of Mughal Empire while Orissa was a different Subah.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3447353",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Division\"\nChota Nagpur Division Chota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was an administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of West Bengal, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh. Chota Nagpur division was a hilly and forested area. The region came under the control of the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was annexed to the Bengal Presidency, the largest province of British India. After the Kol rebellion of 1831-2, the division was exempted by Regulation XIII of 1833 from the general laws and regulations governing Bengal, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16259334",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Tributary States\"\nChota Nagpur Tributary States The Chota Nagpur Tributary States or Chota Nagpur States were a group of non-salute states (minor princely states) at the time of British Raj, located on the Chhota Nagpur Plateau. British suzerainty over the states was exercised through the government of the Bengal Presidency. These states were nine in number and they became part of the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa following Indian Independence. In the 18th century, the states came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary states of British India as a result of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14729016",
"chunk_text": "\"Patna division\"\nPatna division Patna division is one of the nine administrative units of Bihar, a state in the east of India. Patna is the headquarters of the division. Established in 1829, it is one of the oldest divisions of the state. As of 2016, the Patna Division consists of There are 19 sub-divisions with 98 blocks in Patna division. Patna division was established in 1829 along with Saran division (with districts of Saran, Champaran, Tirhut and Shahabad) and Bhagalpur division (with Monghyr (now Munger), Purnea and Maldah districts) of Bihar, as 11th division in Bengal Presidency of British India. On March",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11422318",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Division\"\nPresidency. The title of the chief administrative officer was changed from Agent to Commissioner, and the officers in charge of the districts became Deputy Commissioners. The Commissioner exercised general control over the Chota Nagpur States. The present Divisional Commissioner is Shri. Surendra Singh Meena of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) Chota Nagpur Division became part of the new province of Bihar and Orissa when it was created in 1912. In 1936 the province was split into the separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, and the princely states were placed under the authority of the Eastern States Agency. The administrative headquarters",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4323095",
"chunk_text": "\"Bengal Presidency\"\nfinally amalgamated into the new British-Indian Army in 1904-5, after a lengthy struggle over its reform between Lord Kitchener, the Commander-in-Chief, and Lord Curzon, the Viceroy. The partition of the large province of Bengal, which was decided upon by Lord Curzon, and Cayan Uddin Ahmet, the Chief Secretary of Bengal carried into execution in October 1905. The Chittagong, Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions, the Malda District and the States of Hill Tripura, Sylhet and Comilla were transferred from Bengal to a new province, Eastern Bengal and Assam; the five Hindi-speaking states of Chota Nagpur, namely Changbhakar, Korea, Surguja, Udaipur and Jashpur",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13830998",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nthe Mauryan Empire). In a breakthrough deal, Chandra Gupta I was married to a woman from Lichchhavi—the main power in Magadha. Samudragupta succeeded Chandra Gupta I in 335, and ruled for about 45 years, until his death in 380. He attacked the kingdoms of Shichchhatra, Padmavati, Malwas, the Yaudheyas, the Arjunayanas, the Maduras and the Abhiras, and merged them in his kingdom. By his death in 380, he had incorporated over twenty kingdoms into his realm, his rule extended from the Himalayas to the river Narmada and from the Brahmaputra to the Yamuna. He gave himself the titles \"\"King of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6729581",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nled a select band of armed soldiers against the troops under the command of the East India Company, and also recorded victories in many battles. Under the British Raj, Bihar particularly Patna gradually started to attain its lost glory and emerged as an important and strategic centre of learning and trade in India. From this point, Bihar remained a part the Bengal Presidency of the British Raj until 1912, when the province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out as a separate province. When the Bengal Presidency was partitioned in 1912 to carve out a separate province, Patna was made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17603633",
"chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nHistory of West Bengal The history of West Bengal began in 1947, when the Hindu-dominated western part of British Bengal Province became the Indian state of West Bengal. When India gained independence in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part went to India (and was named West Bengal) while the eastern part joined Pakistan as a province called East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan, giving rise to independent Bangladesh in 1971). In 1950, the Princely State of Koch Bihar merged with West Bengal after King Jagaddipendra Narayan had signed the Instrument of Accession with India. In 1955,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16226385",
"chunk_text": "Bihar\nwas established in 2015. The Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhagalpur, was established in 2017. Bihar Bihar (; ) is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern and Northern India. It is the thirteenth-largest Indian state, with an area of . The third-largest state by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three distinct regions: Magadh,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15143940",
"chunk_text": "\"Chhattisgarh Division\"\n18th century. The Kingdom of Nagpur was annexed to British India in 1853, becoming Nagpur Province. In 1861 Nagpur Province was merged with the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories to form the Central Provinces. All the princely states of the Central Provinces were in Chhattisgarh Division, except for Makrai, which was in the Hoshangabad District of the Nerbudda Division. In 1905, most of Sambalpur District and the princely states of Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonpur, Patna, and Kalahandi were transferred to Bengal Province and the princely states of Changbhakar, Korea, Surguja, Udaipur, and Jashpur were transferred from Bengal to the Central Provinces. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15010181",
"chunk_text": "\"Partition of Bengal (1905)\"\nPartition of Bengal (1905) The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal () was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. The partition took place on 16 October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The Hindus of West Bengal who dominated Bengal's business and rural life complained that the division would make them a minority in a province that would incorporate the province of Bihar and Orissa. Hindus were outraged at what they recognised as a \"\"divide and rule\"\" policy, where the colonisers turned the native population",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1628368",
"chunk_text": "\"Elections in Bihar\"\nJanuary 1913. In 1936, Bihar attained its separate Statehood. Under the Government of India Act, 1919, the unicameral legislature got converted into bicameral one, i.e. the Bihar Legislative Council and the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Under the Government of India Act, 1935, the Bihar Legislative Council consisted of 29 members. After the first General Elections 1952, the number of members was increased up to 72 and by 1958 the number was raised to 96. With the creation of Jharkhand, as a result of the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 passed by the Parliament, the strength of the Bihar Legislative Council has been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9309492",
"chunk_text": "Patna\nthe Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and the 1942 Quit India Movement. National leaders who came from the city include Swami Sahajanand Saraswati; the first President of the Constituent Assembly of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad; \"\"Bihar Vibhuti\"\" (Anugrah Narayan Sinha); Basawon Singh (Sinha); and \"\"Loknayak\"\" (Jayaprakash Narayan). Patna remained the capital of Bihar after India gained independence in 1947, even as Bihar was partitioned again in 2000 when Jharkhand became a separate state of the Indian union. On 27 October 2013, six people were killed and 85 others were injured in a series of co-ordinated bombings at an election",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16259336",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Tributary States\"\nIndian independence in 1947, the rulers of the states all chose to accede to the Dominion of India. Changbhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja and Udaipur later became part of Madhya Pradesh state, but Gangpur and Bonai part of Orissa state, and Kharsawan and Saraikela part of Bihar state. In November 2000, the new states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were separated from Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, respectively. The following princely states were collectively called 'Chhota Nagpur Tributary States' : Chota Nagpur Tributary States The Chota Nagpur Tributary States or Chota Nagpur States were a group of non-salute states (minor princely states) at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6955456",
"chunk_text": "Bihar\nGolden Age of India in science, mathematics, astronomy, commerce, religion, and Indian philosophy. Bihar and Bengal was invaded by Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty in the 11th century. Buddhism in Magadha went into decline due to the invasion of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, during which many of the viharas and the famed universities of Nalanda and Vikramashila were destroyed. It was claimed that thousands of Buddhist monks were massacred during the 12th century. D. N. Jha suggests, instead, that these incidents were the result of Buddhist-Brahmin skirmishes in a fight for supremacy. In 1540, the great Pathan chieftain,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4420246",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Patna\"\nBihar, Patna emerged as one of the most important commercial and trading centers of the East India, preceded only by Kolkata. Under the British Raj, Patna gradually started to attain its lost glory and emerged as an important and strategic centre of learning and trade in India. When the Bengal Presidency was partitioned in 1912 to carve out a separate province, Patna was made the capital of the new province of Bihar and Orissa. The city limits were stretched westwards to accommodate the administrative base, and the township of Bankipore took shape along the Bailey Road (originally spelt as Bayley",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13334943",
"chunk_text": "\"Bihar Diwas\"\nthe 22 March to be a public holiday to be celebrated as Bihar Diwas. This holiday applies to all the offices and companies under the jurisdiction of the State and central Government as well as Schools celebrate this day by organising various programmes participated by students. Bihar Diwas Bihar Diwas (Bihar Day) is observed every year on March 22, marking the formation of the state of Bihar. It was on this day when the British carved out the state from Bengal Presidency in 1912. The Day is a public Holiday in Bihar. Bihar Divas was started and celebrated on large",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19449454",
"chunk_text": "\"Administration in Bihar\"\nof 43 members belonging to different categories was formed in 1912. The first sitting of the Council was convened on 20 January 1913. In 1936, Bihar attained its separate Statehood. Under the Government of India Act, 1919, the unicameral legislature got converted into bicameral one, i.e. the Bihar Legislative Council and the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Under the Government of India Act, 1935, the Bihar Legislative Council consisted of 29 members. After the first General Elections 1952, the number of members was increased up to 72 and by 1958 the number was raised to 96. With the creation of Jharkhand, as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16173166",
"chunk_text": "Balasore\nOctober 1828 while it was in the Bengal Presidency. On 7 November 1845, all of Danish India was sold to the British, who made it part of British India. With the creation of Bihar Province, Odisha was diverted along with Balasore district from Bengal to Bihar. But with the creation of Odisha as a separate State on 1 April 1936, Balasore became an integral part of Odisha State. The national movement of independence surged ahead with the visit of Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. Similarly Praja Andolan was initiated against the ruler of Nilagiri State. The state of Nilagiri merged with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11859078",
"chunk_text": "\"Western Odisha\"\nLord Curzon, Sir Andrew Fraser and Mr. Risley, who were bent upon dividing Bengal on the basis of religion, so that British rule could continue in India. So the demand of amalgamation was accepted by the British Government during the partition of Bengal in 1905 when Sambalpur and the adjacent Odia speaking tracts were amalgamated with the Odisha Division under Bengal Presidency. Bengal's Odisha division became part of the new province of Bihar and Odisha in 1912, and on 1 April 1936 became the separate province of Odisha. After Indian Independence on 15 August 1947, Odisha became an Indian state.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13711383",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bengal\"\nwhich is united by language and history, Muslims supported it by saying it was a big step forward for Muslim society where Muslims will be majority and they can freely practice their religion as well as their culture. But owing to strong Hindu agitation, the British reunited East and West Bengal in 1912, and made Bihar and Orissa a separate province. Another major famine occurred during the second world war, the Bengal famine of 1943, in which an estimated 3 million people died. The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the 19th and early 20th centuries in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8873505",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nthe first Bihar Government after independence in 1947. In 1950, Dr. Rajendra Prasad from Bihar became the first President of India. The 1974 smallpox epidemic of India occurred primarily in Bihar and a few other Indian states, killing thousands of people. The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar in the year 2000. 2005 Bihar assembly elections ended the 15 years of continuous RJD rule in the state, giving way to NDA led by Nitish Kumar. Bihari migrant workers have faced violence and prejudice in many parts of India, like Maharashtra, Punjab and Assam. To mark the separation of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1022407",
"chunk_text": "\"Raj-Ranpur, Odisha\"\nStates Agency. On 1 April 1936, Odisha and Bihar became separate provinces and the Odisha States Agency now became associated with the newly formed Odisha province which consisted of six districts: Balasore, Cuttack, Puri, Ganjam, Koraput, Sambalpur. Meanwhile on 1 April 1933, the Odisha States Agency was merged with the Eastern States Agency which directly came under the administration of the Governor-General instead of a provincial Governor. After India achieved its independence, Ranpur along with the other 23 princely states within the Odisha States were merged with the Province of Odisha. After the independence and merger, many small and medium",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8873503",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nYamuna Karjee, Dr. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi and many others who worked for India's indepdence and worked to lift up the underprivileged masses. Khudiram Bose, Upendra Narayan Jha \"\"Azad\"\" and Prafulla Chaki were also active in revolutionary movement in Bihar. Towards the end of 1946, between 30 October and 7 November, a large-scale massacre of Muslims in Bihar made Partition more likely. Begun as a reprisal for the Noakhali riot, whose death toll had been greatly overstated in immediate reports, it was difficult for authorities to deal with because it was spread out over a large number of scattered villages, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14907860",
"chunk_text": "\"Barauni–Katihar section\"\nwas carved out of North Eastern Railway in 1958. East Central Railway was constituted in 2002 with the Sonpur and Samastipur Divisions of North Eastern Railway, and Danapur, Mughalsarai and Dhanbad Divisions of Eastern Railway. The entire track lies on the northern side of the Ganges and traverses the Kosi basin. In Bihar, the Kosi is widely referred to as the \"\"Sorrow of Bihar\"\" as it has caused widespread human suffering over the centuries through flooding and frequent changes in course. Over the last 250 years, the Kosi has shifted its course over from east to west. In August 2008,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5550986",
"chunk_text": "\"Bihar Diwas\"\nBihar Diwas Bihar Diwas (Bihar Day) is observed every year on March 22, marking the formation of the state of Bihar. It was on this day when the British carved out the state from Bengal Presidency in 1912. The Day is a public Holiday in Bihar. Bihar Divas was started and celebrated on large scale by Bihar Government in the tenure of Nitish Kumar. Apart from India, it is celebrated in countries including United States, Germany, Britain, Scotland, Australia, Canada, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius. Every year the Government of Bihar issues a notification declaring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6729585",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nCollege, Patna Science College, Bihar College of Engineering, Prince of Wales Medical College and the Bihar Veterinary College. With government patronage, the Biharis quickly seized the opportunity to make these centres flourish quickly and attain renown. In 1935, certain portions of Bihar were reorganised into the separate province of Orissa. Patna continued as the capital of Bihar province under the British Raj. Bihar played a major role in the Indian independence struggle. Most notable were the Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and the Quit India Movement of 1942. After his return from South Africa, it was from Bihar that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5986411",
"chunk_text": "\"Balangir district\"\nOdisha, it was not the same before its merger with Odisha. Ex-Patna State was one of the earliest states in India to have started industries as early as the end of the 17th Century. Below is the list of industries existed during the pre-merger period. The Chauhan rule ended with the merger of Patna and Sonepur into Orissa on the January 1, 1948. They together form the district of Balangir. Sonepur was carved out as a separate district on April 1, 1993. The last ruler of Patna, Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo successfully made the transition to democratic politics. He became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4323096",
"chunk_text": "\"Bengal Presidency\"\nState, were transferred from Bengal to the Central Provinces; and Sambalpur State and the five Oriya states of Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonepur, Patna and Kalahandi were transferred from the Central Provinces to Bengal. The province of West Bengal then consisted of the thirty-three districts of Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura, Midnapur, Hughli, Howrah, Twenty-four Parganas, Calcutta, Nadia, Murshidabad, Jessore, Khulna, Patna, Gaya, Shahabad, Saran, Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Monghyr, Bhagalpur, Purnea, Santhal Parganas, Cuttack, Balasore, Angul and Kandhmal, Puri, Sambalpur, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, and Manbhum. The princely states of Sikkim and the tributary states of Odisha and Chhota Nagpur were not part of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8873463",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Bihar\"\nHistory of Bihar The history of Bihar is one of the most varied in India. Bihar consists of three distinct regions, each has its own distinct history and culture. They are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. Chirand, on the northern bank of the Ganga River, in Saran district, has an archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC). Regions of Bihar—such as Magadha, Mithila and Anga—are mentioned in religious texts and epics of ancient India. Mithila is believed to be the centre of Indian power in the Later Vedic period (c. 1100-500 BCE). Mithila first gained prominence after being settled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18507178",
"chunk_text": "\"Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)\"\nTo have a greater Control over the area, East India Company split the area into smaller districts like Panchet (1773), Jungle-Mahal (1805) and Manbhum (1833). The Manbhum District was formed with an area of 7,896 square miles. The district of Manbhum was again split in 1845, 1846, 1871 and finally in 1879, and as a result the area of Manbhum was reduced to 4,112 square miles. The Partition of Bengal was started in 1905, and, as an effect of that, a new state, Bihar-Odisha, was formed. The Manbhum District was included to the Bihar-Odisha. The whole district started protesting against",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16500295",
"chunk_text": "\"BIMARU states\"\ncommitted by private entrepreneurs in the state over the last year or so. Since 2000, there has also been a change in the geographic composition of these states, with Bihar being bifurcated into Bihar and Jharkhand; Madhya Pradesh being bifurcated into Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh; and Uttar Pradesh being bifurcated into Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. BIMARU states BIMARU is an \"\"acronym\"\" formed from the first letters of the names of the Indian states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. It was coined by Ashish Bose in the mid-1980s. BIMARU has a resemblance to a Hindi word \"\"\"\"Bimar\"\"\"\" which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9589534",
"chunk_text": "\"1946 Bihar riots\"\n1946 Bihar riots Communal riots occurred in Bihar from 24 October to 11 November 1946, in which Hindu mobs targeted Muslim families. The riots were triggered by the Great Calcutta Killings, as well as the Noakhali riots earlier that year. Mahatma Gandhi declared that he would fast unto death if the riots did not stop. The riots were part of a sequence of communal violence that culminated in the partition of India. The 1946 Bihar riots were part of a series of incidents of communal violence that occurred across North India. The frequency of such riots increased in the 1930s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4643750",
"chunk_text": "\"Aurangabad, Bihar\"\nincluding those of Deo, Kutumba, Mali, Pawai, Chandragarh, and Siris. The zamindars resisted British rule. For example, Fateh Narayan Singh of Deo, a Mewari Sisodia rajput, supported Kunwar Singh against the British. In 1865, Bihar District was separated from Patna District. Aurangabad was made a subdivision of Bihar district. Stement was the first subdivisional officer of Aurangabad subdivision. The first Member of Parliament from the district was the former Chief Minister of Unified Bihar, Satyendra Narayan Singh (Chhote Saheb). On 26 January 1973, Aurangabad district, Bihar was created (government notification number 07/11-2071-72 dated 19 January 1973). K. A. H. Subramanyam",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3447354",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Division\"\nevery branch of the administration was vested in an officer appointed by the supreme Government and called the Agent to the Governor-General of India for the South-West Frontier. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur and it began to be administered as a Non-regulation province under the Lieutenant Governor of the then Bihar. In 1855-56 there was the great uprising of the Santhals against the British but was brutally suppressed. was changed to Chota Nagpur by Act XX of that year, and was administered thereafter as a non-regulation province under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4043755",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Division\"\nof the division was at Ranchi. The total area of the division was 27,101 square miles (70,161 km.), and the population was 4,900,429 in 1901. In 1901 Hindus constituted 68.5% of the total population, animists 22.7%, Muslims 5.7%, Christians 2.9%, and 853 Jains. The Chota Nagpur States, a group of princely states, was under the political authority of the division's commissioner. The division included five districts: Chota Nagpur Division Chota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was an administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16259335",
"chunk_text": "\"Chota Nagpur Tributary States\"\nAnglo-Maratha Wars in the early 19th century. In October 1905, the exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi-speaking states of Chang Bhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja, and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces, while the two Oriya-speaking states of Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States, leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. In 1936, all nine states were transferred to the Eastern States Agency, the officials of which came under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any Provinces. After",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9309480",
"chunk_text": "Patna\nunder the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. Patliputra was home to many astrologers and scholars including Aryabhata, Vātsyāyana,and Chanakya . Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, political and cultural centre of Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the fall of Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. It was revived again in the 17th century by the British as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_869
|
when was the last time mount ruapehu erupted?
|
n/a
|
[
"25 September 2007"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8057244",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nbetween major eruptions. Ruapehu is largely composed of andesite and began erupting at least 250,000 years ago. In recorded history, major eruptions have been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. Minor eruptions are frequent, with at least 60 since 1945. Some of the minor eruptions in the 1970s generated small ash falls and lahars (mudflows) that damaged skifields. Between major eruptions, warm acidic Crater Lake forms, fed by melting snow. Major eruptions may completely expel the lake water. Where a major eruption has deposited a tephra dam across the lake's outlet, the dam may collapse after the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16947803",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nin full flood, just before an express train crossed it. It was already known that the river had partially undermined one of the bridge piers and the lahar finished the job, causing the bridge to collapse. Although warned of the collapsed bridge, the train driver was unable to stop the train in time and six of the carriages fell into the river. Spectacular eruptions occurred during 1995 and 1996. Ruapehu had been showing signs of increased activity since late November 1994, with elevated Crater Lake temperatures and a series of eruptions that increased in intensity over about nine months. Several",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148346",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\ncorrosion on the turbine blades which had to be rebuilt. Episodic eruptions continued until the end of November 1995. Within hours of a major eruption during the night being reported on 25 September 1995, news media were trying to get live video of the eruption and amateur photographers had published eruption images on the World Wide Web. A web camera, dubbed the world's first \"\"Volcano Cam\"\", was set up. Since then Ruapehu has been monitored by at least one and sometimes several volcano cams. Another, smaller, eruption phase began on the morning of 17 June 1996. Despite a series of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148348",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nMarch 2007 (see below). Ruapehu erupted at 10.30pm on 4 October 2006. The small eruption created a volcanic earthquake at a magnitude of 2.8, sending a water plume 200 m into the air and tall waves crashing into the wall of the crater. On 18 March 2007, the tephra dam which had been holding back Crater Lake burst, sending a lahar down the mountain. An estimated 1.4 million cubic metres of mud, rock, and water travelled down the Whangaehu river. The Department of Conservation had received warning signals from the lahar warning system (ERLAWS) at around 10:30 that morning and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148347",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nsmall eruptions that spread thin layers of ash across both Whakapapa and Turoa ski areas, the ski fields opened for the 1996 season. Turoa closed on 29 September – earlier than usual, while Whakapapa stayed open until Labour Weekend. After the 1996 eruption it was recognised that a catastrophic lahar could again occur when Crater Lake bursts the volcanic ash dam blocking the lake outlet. This is the same mechanism that caused the 1953 lahar. The lake gradually filled with snowmelt and had reached the level of the hard rock rim by January 2005. The lahar finally occurred on 18",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12737047",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Taranaki\"\ngeologically young, having commenced activity approximately 135,000 years ago. The most recent volcanic activity was the production of a lava dome in the crater and its collapse down the side of the mountain in the 1850s or 1860s. Between 1755 and 1800, an eruption sent a pyroclastic flow down the mountain's northeast flanks, and a moderate ash eruption occurred about 1755, of the size of Ruapehu's activity in 1995/1996. The last major eruption occurred around 1655. Recent research has shown that over the last 9,000 years minor eruptions have occurred roughly every 90 years on average, with major eruptions every",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8057251",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nincreased chemical changes, gases and temperature. The warning was used to let visitors know the potential of an explosion was higher than usual and could happen at any time. This could also be a follow-up to the previous year's 2007 eruption. A GeoNet New Zealand Bulletin was released on 21 July 2008 stating that \"\"the current phase of volcano unrest appears to be over, however Ruapehu remains an active volcano. Future eruptions may occur without warning.\"\" However the level has remained at 1, where it has been since 1997. On 5 April 2011 Geonet changed Mount Ruapehu's Volcanic Aviation Colour",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16947812",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nthe Rings\"\" film trilogy were filmed on the slopes of Mount Ruapehu. Mount Ruapehu Mount Ruapehu, also known simply as Ruapehu, is an active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. It is northeast of Ohakune and southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo, within Tongariro National Park. The North Island's major ski resorts and only glaciers are on its slopes. Ruapehu, the largest active volcano in New Zealand, is the highest point on the North Island and has three major peaks: Tahurangi (2,797 m), Te Heuheu (2,755 m) and Paretetaitonga (2,751 m).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148341",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nMount Ruapehu Mount Ruapehu, also known simply as Ruapehu, is an active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. It is northeast of Ohakune and southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo, within Tongariro National Park. The North Island's major ski resorts and only glaciers are on its slopes. Ruapehu, the largest active volcano in New Zealand, is the highest point on the North Island and has three major peaks: Tahurangi (2,797 m), Te Heuheu (2,755 m) and Paretetaitonga (2,751 m). The deep, active crater is between the peaks and fills with water",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6416308",
"chunk_text": "\"Ring of Fire\"\nNew Zealand's North Island is made up of seamounts and small islands, including 16 submarine volcanoes. In the last 1.6 million years, most of New Zealand's volcanism is from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Mount Ruapehu, at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, is one of the most active volcanoes. It began erupting at least 250,000 years ago. In recorded history, major eruptions have been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945, and 1995–1996. Minor eruptions are frequent, with at least 60 since 1945. Some of the minor eruptions in the 1970s generated small ash falls and lahars that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20225018",
"chunk_text": "\"Geology of New Zealand\"\nan eruption in recent times, there is always the potential for a new volcano to be created, or a dormant volcano to come to life. The Tongariro Volcanic Centre developed over the last 275,000 years and contains the active andesitic volcanic cones of Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngauruhoe (really a side cone of Tongariro). Ruapehu erupts about once a decade, and while the eruptions cause havoc for skiers, plane flights and hydroelectric dams, the eruptions are relatively minor. However, the sudden collapse of the crater wall caused major problems when it generated a lahar in 1953, that destroyed a rail bridge,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148345",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nlahars were observed, both in the Whangaehu River and other areas of the mountain, between 18 September and 25 September 1995, indicating Crater Lake was being emptied by the eruptions. The Department of Conservation immediately issued hazard warnings and advised people to keep off the mountain, thus ending the ski season. The eruption cloud disrupted air travel, occasionally closing airports and the central North Island airspace. Black sand-like ash fell on surrounding farmland and stock had to be moved. The ash also entered streams and was washed into the pen stocks and turbines of the Rangipo power station causing rapid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19056983",
"chunk_text": "\"Geology of New Zealand\"\nand caused 151 deaths at Tangiwai. The last significant eruption was 1995–96. Ngauruhoe last erupted 1973–75. Taranaki is a perfectly formed andesitic strato-volcano, that last erupted in 1755. Lake Taupo, the largest lake in the North Island, is a volcanic caldera, responsible for rhyolitic eruptions about once every 1,000 years. The largest eruption in the last 65,000 years was the cataclysmic Oruanui Eruption 26,500 years ago, producing 530 cubic kilometres of magma. The most recent eruption, around 233 AD was also a major event, the biggest eruption worldwide in the last 5,000 years. The eruption caused a pyroclastic flow that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7117904",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nclosed all major roads in the area, preventing thousands of motorists from travelling, and shut down the main rail system for the North Island. The river banks held and no spillovers occurred. There was no serious damage and no injuries. One family was trapped for around 24 hours after the lahar swept away the access route to their home. At about 8:20 p.m. on 25 September 2007, a hydrothermal eruption occurred without warning. One man, a 22-year-old primary school teacher, had a leg crushed by a rock during the eruption and a rescue operation was mounted to rescue him from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10860634",
"chunk_text": "\"Auckland volcanic field\"\nMount Ruapehu and Lake Taupo. The field is currently dormant, but could become active again. The field ranges from Lake Pupuke and Rangitoto Island in the north to Matukutururu (Wiri Mountain) in the south, and from Mount Albert in the west to Pigeon Mountain in the east. The first vent erupted at Onepoto 248,000 ± 28,000 years ago. The most recent eruption (about 600 years ago and within historical memory of the local Māori iwi) was of Rangitoto, an island shield volcano just east of the city, erupting 2.3 cubic kilometres of lava. The eruptions have tended to become bigger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2277519",
"chunk_text": "\"Taupo Volcanic Zone\"\nat the rate of about 8 mm per year. It is named after Lake Taupo, the flooded caldera of the largest volcano in the zone. There are numerous volcanic vents and geothermal fields in the zone, with Mount Ruapehu, Mount Ngauruhoe and White Island erupting most frequently. The zone's largest eruption since the arrival of Europeans was that of Mount Tarawera in 1886, which killed over 100 people. Early Maori would also have been affected by the much larger Kaharoa eruption from Tarawera around 1300 AD. The last major eruption from Lake Taupo, the Hatepe eruption, occurred in 232 AD.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11711982",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Tongariro\"\nto the Department of Conservation's Ketetahi Hut, which is located west of the Te Māri Craters. There was no official evacuation but 24 people living along State Highway 46 fled their homes for fear of being isolated. Mount Tongariro erupted again at 1:20 pm on 21 November, ejecting an ash cloud 4000 metres into the air. Flights in the area were cancelled, as were several the following morning. Geologists had no warning before the eruption, saying it wasn't linked to warnings the week before of elevated activity at nearby Mount Ruapehu. Mount Tongariro Mount Tongariro (; ) is a compound",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6416307",
"chunk_text": "\"Ring of Fire\"\nscale 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, while Merapi has erupted more than 80 times. The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior has named Merapi as a Decade Volcano since 1995 because of its high volcanic activity. Another active volcano is Sinabung which erupted since 2013 until now. New Zealand contains the world's strongest concentration of youthful rhyolitic volcanoes, and voluminous sheets blanket much of the North Island. The earliest historically-dated eruption was at Whakaari/White Island in 1826, followed in 1886 by the country's largest historical eruption at Mount Tarawera. Much of the region north of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2277777",
"chunk_text": "\"Taupo Volcanic Zone\"\nits Oruanui eruption 26,500 years ago. This was Earth's most recent eruption reaching VEI-8, the highest level on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. The Rotorua caldera has been dormant longer, with its main eruption occurring about 240,000 years ago, although lava dome extrusion has occurred within the last 25,000 years. The Taupo Volcanic Zone is approximately long by wide. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end, while the submarine Whakatane volcano ( beyond White Island) is considered its northeastern limit. It forms a southern portion of the active Lau-Havre-Taupo back-arc basin, which lies behind the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone. Volcanic activity continues to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8057245",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nlake has refilled and risen above the level of its normal outlet, the outrush of water causing a large lahar. In 2000, the ERLAWS system was installed on the mountain to detect such a collapse and alert the relevant authorities. The 1945 eruption emptied Crater Lake and dammed the outlet with tephra. The crater slowly refilled with water, until on 24 December 1953 the tephra dam collapsed causing a lahar in the Whangaehu River. The lahar caused the Tangiwai disaster, with the loss of 151 lives, when the Tangiwai railway bridge across the Whangaehu River collapsed while the lahar was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5328657",
"chunk_text": "\"1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera\"\n1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera The most recent eruption of Mount Tarawera occurred in the early hours of 10 June 1886 in the North Island, New Zealand. It is the deadliest eruption in New Zealand since the arrival of Europeans. Up to 150 people, mostly Māori, were killed, and many settlements were destroyed or buried. Shortly after midnight on Thursday 10 June 1886, a series of increasingly violent earthquakes struck the North Island, New Zealand. Beginning at 2 a.m., the three peaks of Mount Tarawera erupted, spewing molten rock and columns of smoke and ash up to into the air.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13992607",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of New Zealand\"\nMount Ngauruhoe (). Ruapehu's major eruptions have historically been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, located near Rotorua, was New Zealand's largest and deadliest eruption in the last 200 years, killing over 100 people. Another long chain of mountains runs through the North Island, from Wellington to East Cape. The ranges include Tararua and Kaimanawa. The lower mountain slopes are covered in native forest. Above this are shrubs, and then tussock grasses. Alpine tundra consists of cushion plants and herbfields; many of these plants have white and yellow flowers. New Zealand's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2015464",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice-marginal lava flow\"\nleft behind massive lava cliffs. Ruapehu Volcano Mount Ruapehu is the tallest mountain on the Northern island of New Zealand. The massive stratovolcano is an excellent example of how scientists put historic glacial periods and volcanism together. Ice-marginal lava flows are a keystone in Ruapehu’s history and are well displayed in the Wahainoa Lava Formation (Figure 4). The characteristic columnar jointing and massively thick lava barriers are evidence of major ice-marginal lava flows. Scientists have determined through geochronology that the volcano erupted about 15-51 thousand years ago and the lava flow came into contact with the surrounding valley floor glaciers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8057250",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nthe Dome Shelter near the crater. The rock crashed into the Dome Shelter, landed on the man and was too heavy for his companion to lift off. Two lahars that travelled down the mountain activated warning signals from the lahar warning system and prompted the evacuation of some ski lodges on the mountain and the closure of roads in the area. The eruption was accompanied by a 7-minute-long earthquake, measuring 2.9 on the Richter Scale. On 2 May 2008, a level-1 warning was issued after GNS scientists who were monitoring the lake found irregular signs of volcanic activity. This included",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7841265",
"chunk_text": "\"Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System\"\nEastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System The Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System, or ERLAWS, is a lahar warning system that was installed on Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand following volcanic eruptions in 1995–1996. The system successfully detected and warned of an imminent lahar in March 2007. The system is being expanded to detect the wider range of lahar threats now expected on Ruapehu. The 1995–1996 eruptions of Ruapehu in the North Island of New Zealand left a 7-metre high dam of tephra, consisting of volcanic ash and rock, around the rim of the crater lake. It was realised",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17658002",
"chunk_text": "\"Geology of New Zealand\"\ndevastated the land from Waiouru to Rotorua in 10 minutes. The Okataina volcanic centre, to the East of Rotorua, is also responsible for major cataclysmic rhyolitic eruptions. The last eruption, of Tarawera and Lake Rotomahana in 1886, was a relatively minor eruption, which was thought to have destroyed the famous Pink and White Terraces, and covered much of the surrounding countryside in ash, killing over 100 people. In 2017 researchers rediscovered the locations of the Pink and White Terraces using a forgotten survey from 1859. Many lakes around Rotorua are calderas from rhyolitic eruptions. For example, Lake Rotorua erupted around",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10161711",
"chunk_text": "Manawatu-Wanganui\ncarved out of the soft rock by rivers and ocean waves. The region includes a series of mountain ranges, notably the Tararua and the Ruahine Ranges and the three major active volcanoes of the North Island. Mount Ruapehu at 2,797 m is the tallest mountain in the North Island, Ngauruhoe 2,291 m and Tongariro 1,968 m. During the last 100 years Ruapehu has experienced six significant eruptions, and last erupted in 1995 and 1996. Three major rivers divide the region: the Whanganui (290 km), Manawatu (182 km) and Rangitikei (241 km). The Whanganui is the second-longest river and has the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4791912",
"chunk_text": "\"Kīlauea\"\naā lava erupted from the volcano. Early on, fountains of lava burst out as much as 540 meters (1772 ft) high. In early 1973, an earthquake occurred that caused Kīlauea to briefly stop erupting near the original Mauna Ulu site and instead erupt near the craters Pauahi and Hiiaka. The most recent major eruption at Kīlauea has been the longest duration of any observed eruption. The current Kīlauea eruption began on January 3, 1983, along the eastern rift zone. The vent produced vigorous lava fountains that quickly built up into the Puʻu ʻŌʻō cone, sending lava flows down the volcano's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7841269",
"chunk_text": "\"Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System\"\nrisks of future lahars were reassessed and judged to affect more valleys than before. The ERLAWS system will be broadened in response to the wider threat. Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System The Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System, or ERLAWS, is a lahar warning system that was installed on Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand following volcanic eruptions in 1995–1996. The system successfully detected and warned of an imminent lahar in March 2007. The system is being expanded to detect the wider range of lahar threats now expected on Ruapehu. The 1995–1996 eruptions of Ruapehu in the North Island",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19270241",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Tarawera\"\nMount Tarawera Mount Tarawera is the volcano responsible for one of New Zealand's largest historic eruptions. Located 24 kilometres southeast of Rotorua in the North Island, it consists of a series of rhyolitic lava domes that were fissured down the middle by an explosive basaltic eruption in 1886, which killed an estimated 120 people. These fissures run for about 17 kilometres northeast-southwest. The volcano's component domes include Ruawahia Dome (the highest at 1,111 metres), Tarawera Dome and Wahanga Dome. It is surrounded by several lakes, most of which were created or drastically altered by the 1886 eruption. These lakes include",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7117906",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nCode from Green to Yellow (elevated unrest above the known background). Ruapehu's Volcanic Alert Level remained at level 1 (signs of volcanic unrest). The Volcanic Aviation Colour Code was changed because a sustained period of high water temperatures in the Crater Lake (approximately 38 - 39 °C) was observed and because changes were observed in volcanic gas output, seismic activity and Crater Lake water chemistry. On 16 November, GNS Science volcanologists warned that pressure was likely building up beneath Crater Lake, and that an eruption in the coming weeks or months is more likely than normal. The aviation colour code",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13059540",
"chunk_text": "\"Volcanology of New Zealand\"\n(alongside the Tianchi eruption of Baekdu at around 1000 and the 1815 eruption of Tambora). The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China. Mount Tarawera's eruption around 1310 CE, while not nearly as large, was still substantial, producing 2.5 km³ of lava and 5 km³ of tephra (VEI 5). Because its deposits, stretching from Gisborne to the Bay of Islands, were emplaced around the time that Māori permanently settled New Zealand, they have provided a useful archaeological marker. Tarawera erupted again on 10 June 1886, spewing ash and debris over , destroying the Pink and White Terraces",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1646910",
"chunk_text": "\"Reporoa Caldera\"\nReporoa Caldera The Reporoa Caldera is a 10 km by 15 km caldera in New Zealand's Taupo Volcanic Zone. It formed some 230,000 years ago, in a large eruption that deposited the approximately 100 km Kaingaroa Ignimbrites. It contains three rhyolitic lava domes (Deer Hill, Kairuru and Pukekahu) and the active Reporoa geothermal field. The Waiotapu geothermal area is just north of the caldera rim, and the Broadlands thermal area is to the south. The Waikato River runs through the southern half of the caldera. In April 2005, a large hydrothermal explosion occurred in a cow paddock within the caldera,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2577058",
"chunk_text": "\"Hatepe eruption\"\nHatepe eruption The Hatepe eruption, named for the Hatepe Plinian pumice tephra layer, sometimes referred to as the Taupo eruption and dated to around 180 AD, was Lake Taupo's most recent major eruption. It is considered New Zealand's largest eruption during the last 20,000 years. The eruption ejected some , a VEI 7 eruption, of which was ejected in a few minutes. This makes it one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years, comparable to the Minoan eruption in the 2nd millennium BC, the 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148354",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nand mountain visitors are advised to be prepared and carry basic survival equipment. Although severe weather is unusual and generally forecast, it has claimed several lives over the years, including a party of five NZ Army soldiers and one RNZN naval rating, caught in a week-long storm while undergoing winter survival training in 1990. The same storm also trapped an experienced Japanese mountaineer when the weather unexpectedly closed in on him, but he built a snow cave and sheltered in it until he was rescued days later. On 5 July 2003, about 350 skiers and 70 skifield staff were trapped",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4791885",
"chunk_text": "\"Kīlauea\"\nits much larger neighbor. Structurally, Kīlauea has a large, fairly recently formed caldera at its summit and two active rift zones, one extending east and the other west, as an active fault of unknown depth moving vertically an average of per year. Kīlauea has been erupting nearly continuously since 1983 and has caused considerable property damage, including the destruction of the town of Kalapana in 1990, and the destruction of Vacationland Hawaii in 2018. During the 2018 lower Puna eruption, which began on May 3, two dozen lava vents erupted downrift from the summit in Puna. The eruption was accompanied",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4136559",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Tongariro\"\nTongariro consists of at least 12 cones. Ngauruhoe, while often regarded as a separate mountain, is geologically a cone of Tongariro. It is also the most active vent, having erupted more than 70 times since 1839, the last episode in 1973 to 1975. Activity has also been recorded at other vents in recent history. Te Māri Craters erupted in 2012, for the first time since 1897. Red Crater last erupted ash in 1926 and contains active fumaroles. There are many explosion craters on the massif; water has filled some of these to form the Blue Lake and the Emerald Lakes.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1646911",
"chunk_text": "\"Reporoa Caldera\"\ncreating a 50-metre crater. A similar explosion happened in the area in 1948, and smaller explosions have happened in the years between. Reporoa Caldera The Reporoa Caldera is a 10 km by 15 km caldera in New Zealand's Taupo Volcanic Zone. It formed some 230,000 years ago, in a large eruption that deposited the approximately 100 km Kaingaroa Ignimbrites. It contains three rhyolitic lava domes (Deer Hill, Kairuru and Pukekahu) and the active Reporoa geothermal field. The Waiotapu geothermal area is just north of the caldera rim, and the Broadlands thermal area is to the south. The Waikato River runs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13059539",
"chunk_text": "\"Volcanology of New Zealand\"\nWaikato to the Tasman Sea. New Zealand's largest lake, Lake Taupo, fills the caldera formed in this eruption. Taupo's most recent major eruption, the Taupo or Hatepe eruption, took place around 180 CE, and is New Zealand's largest eruption since Oruanui. It ejected some 120 km³ of material (rating 7 on the VEI scale), with around 30 km³ ejected in just a few minutes. It is believed that the eruption column was high, twice as high as the eruption column from Mount St. Helens in 1980. This makes it one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15105288",
"chunk_text": "\"Kīlauea\"\nby a strong earthquake on May 4 of 6.9, and nearly 2,000 residents were evacuated from the rural Leilani Estates subdivision and nearby areas. On May 17, 2018 at 4:17 AM, the volcano explosively erupted at the summit in Halemaumau Crater, throwing ash 30,000 feet into the air. Continued explosive activity at the summit caused a months-long closure of the Kīlauea section of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, while vigorous eruptive activity in lower Puna, sent lava into the ocean in three places, destroyed Hawaii's largest natural freshwater lake, covered substantial portions of Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens, and completely inundated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8884921",
"chunk_text": "Lahar\nthat people can flee an approaching debris flow in the event of a Mount Rainier eruption. A lahar warning system has been set up at Mount Ruapehu by the New Zealand Department of Conservation and hailed as a success after it successfully alerted officials to an impending lahar on 18 March 2007. Since mid-June 1991, when violent eruptions triggered Mount Pinatubo's first lahars in 500 years, a system to monitor and warn of lahars has been in operation. Radio-telemetered rain gauges provide data on rainfall in lahar source regions, acoustic flow monitors on stream banks detect ground vibration as lahars",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11332095",
"chunk_text": "\"Kīlauea\"\nwritten history began in 1778). Since then, the volcano has erupted repeatedly. Most historical eruptions occurred at the volcano's summit or its eastern rift zone, and were prolonged and effusive in character. The geological record shows, however, that violent explosive activity predating European contact was extremely common; in 1790 one such eruption killed more than 400 people, making it the deadliest volcanic eruption in what is now the United States. Should explosive activity start anew, the volcano would become much more of a danger to humans. Kīlauea's current eruption dates back to January 3, 1983, and is by far its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5148352",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ruapehu\"\nwas raised from green to yellow. On 29 April, Geonet issued a volcanic alert reporting that Crater Lake's temperature has risen to 40 °C, up from 25 °C in mid-April. An earthquake swarm has also been recorded under Crater Lake. On 11 May the volcanic alert level was raised to level 2 and the aviation colour code was changed from green to yellow. Ruapehu has two commercial ski fields, Whakapapa on the northern side and Turoa on the southern slope. They are the two largest ski fields in New Zealand, with Whakapapa the larger. The club Tukino field is on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19885909",
"chunk_text": "\"Geology of New Zealand\"\nin Chile, Alaska and Japan. There are many potentially dangerous volcanoes in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The most severe volcanic eruption since the arrival of Europeans is the Tarawera eruption in 1886. A lahar from Mount Ruapehu derailed a train in 1955 killing 151 people. Even a minor eruption at Ruapehu could cause the loss of electricity for Auckland, due to ash on the power lines, and in the Waikato River (stopping the generation of hydroelectric power). Many parts of New Zealand are susceptible to landslides, particaly due to deforestaion and the high earthquake risk. Much of the North Island",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "859952",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ngauruhoe\"\nMount Ngauruhoe Mount Ngauruhoe is an active stratovolcano or composite cone in New Zealand, made from layers of lava and tephra. It is the youngest vent in the Tongariro volcanic complex on the Central Plateau of the North Island, and first erupted about 2,500 years ago. Although seen by most as a volcano in its own right, it is technically a secondary cone of Mount Tongariro. The volcano lies between the active volcanoes of Mount Tongariro to the north and Mount Ruapehu to the south, to the west of the Rangipo Desert and 25 kilometres to the south of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "213596",
"chunk_text": "Supervolcano\nthe eruption of very large amounts of volcanic material is in large igneous provinces, which can cover huge areas with lava and volcanic ash, causing long-lasting climate change (such as the triggering of a small ice age), which can threaten species with extinction. The Oruanui eruption of New Zealand's Taupo Volcano (about 26,500 years ago) was the world's most recent super eruption at a VEI-8 eruption. The origin of the term \"\"supervolcano\"\" is linked to an early 20th-century scientific debate about the geological history and features of the Three Sisters volcanic region of Oregon in the United States. In 1925,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14901987",
"chunk_text": "Hauhungatahi\nHauhungatahi Hauhungatahi is an eroded volcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand, located about WNW of Mount Ruapehu. Although relatively little-known, at Hauhungatahi is one of the highest volcanoes in New Zealand, exceeded in elevation by only Ruapehu, Taranaki/Egmont (including Fanthams Peak), and the Tongariro massif (including Ngauruhoe). The volcano is constructed atop an upfaulted block of Mesozoic marine sediments. The age of the erupted andesite lava is about 900,000 years, making Hauhungatahi more than three times as old as the neighboring Ruapehu. The volcano is located in the western part of Tongariro National",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12652209",
"chunk_text": "\"Oruanui eruption\"\nOruanui eruption The Oruanui eruption of New Zealand's Taupo Volcano, the world's most recent supereruption, had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8. It is one of the largest eruptions in the history of New Zealand. It occurred about 26,500 years ago in the Late Pleistocene and generated approximately of pyroclastic fall deposits, of pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits (mostly ignimbrite) and of primary intracaldera material, equivalent to of magma, totaling of total deposits. The eruption is divided into 10 different phases on the basis of nine mappable fall units and a tenth, poorly preserved but volumetrically dominant fall unit. Modern-day",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13059547",
"chunk_text": "\"Volcanology of New Zealand\"\nare tall enough to form islands, it also includes about 30 sizeable submarine volcanoes. The largest island, Raoul Island, produced a large eruption around 2200 years ago. Its activity has continued intermittently since, with its latest eruption occurring in 2006. The Northland region contains two recently active volcanic fields, one around Whangarei, and the Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field. Their latest activity, around 1300–1800 years ago, created four scoria cones at Te Puke (near Paihia). Earlier, during the Miocene, a mainly andesitic volcanic arc ran through Northland and neighbouring regions (including the Three Kings Ridge and northern Coromandel Peninsula), with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15432965",
"chunk_text": "Putauaki\nare donated to charity. The last substantial volcanic eruption occurred around 300 BCE, producing a cubic kilometre of lava. Captain James Cook named the mountain \"\"Mount Edgecumbe\"\" on 2 November 1769, possibly in honour of John Edgecombe, the sergeant of marines on his vessel, the \"\"Endeavour\"\". The mountain's official name changed back to Putauaki in 1925. The New Zealand government took part of the mountain from the Ngāti Awa people in the 1880s as part of a series of North Island land confiscations, supposedly for the purposes of military settlement. In a 1999 report the Waitangi Tribunal declared the confiscation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_870
|
where was 2017 beauty and the beast filmed?
|
n/a
|
[
"Surrey, United Kingdom"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "4999778",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nMcKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. With an estimated budget of around $255 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017. The film received generally favorable reviews, with many praising the performances and its faithfulness to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4175008",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nto help Watson with her singing lessons. According to \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\", Emma Watson was reportedly paid $3 million upfront, together with an agreement that her final take-home pay could rise as high as $15 million if the film generated gross box office income similar to \"\"Maleficent\"\"'s $759 million worldwide gross. Principal photography on the film began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, on May 18, 2015. Filming with the principal actors concluded on August 21. Six days later, co-producer Jack Morrissey confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production. The Beast was portrayed with a \"\"more traditional motion capture",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14400835",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4999799",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nin 3D on March 17, 2017. The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2015. The world premiere of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" took place at Spencer House in London, England on February 23, 2017; and the film later premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on March 2, 2017. The stream was broadcast onto YouTube. A sing along version of the film released in over 1,200 US theaters nationwide on April 7, 2017. The United Kingdom received the same version on April 21, 2017. The film was re-released in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10006347",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)\"\ninto the water then resurfaces, transforming back into the Prince and the Tadums back into dogs. The story is being told by Belle to her two young children. They are living in the same countryside house, surrounded by rose bushes, with Belle's father, who is now a flower merchant. Belle goes outside to greet her husband, the Prince, and the two kiss and embrace. Principal photography took place in Germany, at the Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam-Babelsberg, from November 2012 to February 2013, on a production budget of €35 million. The film earned a total of internationally. In Japan, the film",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4999822",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nUnited Kingdom and Ireland, ahead of all but one \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film (\"\"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\") and all three \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" movies (which also starred Ian McKellen). It is currently the eighth-biggest grosser with £70.1 million ($90 million), overtaking \"\"Mamma Mia!\"\" to become the biggest musical production ever there. The biggest international earning markets following the UK are Japan ($108 million), China ($85.8 million), Brazil ($41.5 million), Korea ($37.5 million), and Australia ($35 million). In Europe alone, the cumulative total is $267 million, which led it to become the second-highest-grossing film in the past year (behind",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6341269",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nNew York and Los Angeles for a one-week engagement starting December 1, 2017. The move was an awards push as awards season heats up. Disney spent around $140 million to market the film worldwide. Following an announcement on May 22, 2016, Disney premiered the first official teaser trailer on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" the next day. In its first 24 hours, the teaser trailer reached 91.8 million views, which was the largest number ever seen for a trailer in that amount of time. This record has since been broken by \"\"\"\", \"\"It\"\" and \"\"\"\". The first official teaser poster was released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nthe time the film's release was 10 days away, analysts raised projections to as high as $150 million. It earned $16.3 million from Thursday previews night, marking the biggest of 2017 (breaking \"\"Logan\"\"'s record), the biggest ever for a Disney live-action film (breaking \"\"Maleficent\"\"'s record), the second-biggest ever for both a G- or PG-rated film (behind the sixth \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film \"\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"\" which also starred Watson), and the third-biggest ever in the month of March (behind \"\"\"\" and \"\"The Hunger Games\"\"). An estimated 41% of the gross came from IMAX, 3D and premium large format",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nfilm began playing on Thursday, March 16, 2017. Through Sunday, March 19, it had a total international opening of $182.3 million from 55 markets, 44 of which were major territories, far exceeding initial estimations of $100 million and opened at No. 1 in virtually all markets except Vietnam, Turkey, and India. Its launch is the second-biggest for the month of March, behind \"\"Batman v Superman\"\" ($256.5 million). In IMAX, it recorded the biggest debut for a PG-rated title (although it carried varying certificate amongst different markets) with $8.5 million from 649 screens, the second-biggest for a PG title behind \"\"The",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nshot of passing $1 billion worldwide from theatrical earnings. On April 12, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the first film of 2017, the fourteenth Disney film, and the twenty-ninth film overall to pass the mark. It became the first film since \"\"Rogue One\"\" (also a Disney property) in December 2016 to make over a billion dollars, and did so on its 29th day of release. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film of 2017 (behind \"\"\"\"), the highest-grossing March release, the highest-grossing remake of all time, and the sixth-biggest Disney film. Even after inflation adjusted, it is still ahead",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\nTucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nBest Costume Design at the 90th Academy Awards. A beautiful enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a French castle during a ball and offers the host, a cruel and selfish prince, a rose in return for shelter from a storm. When he refuses, she reveals her identity. To punish the prince for his lack of compassion, the enchantress transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects, then erases the castle, the prince and his servants from the memories of their loved ones (in the small town of Villeneuve nearby). She casts a spell on",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\noriginal animated film, as well as elements from the Broadway musical, visual style, production values, and score, though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film, and making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2017, the tenth-highest-ever-grossing film in North America and the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. It also received Academy Award nominations for Best Production Design and",
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"chunk_id": "4175007",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nwere revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as \"\"perfect\"\". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\n28, the film had earned over $500 million in ticket sales becoming the first film of 2017 (until it was later surpassed by \"\"The Last Jedi\"\"), the third female-fueled film (after \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" and \"\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"\" followed by \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" and \"\"The Last Jedi\"\") and the eighth overall film in cinematic history to pass the mark. It has already become the biggest March release, dethroning \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2012), the biggest musical film (both animated and live-action), as well as the biggest film of 2017 (alongside \"\"The Last Jedi\"\"). Outside the US and Canada, the",
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"chunk_id": "6341270",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\non July 7, 2016. On November 2, 2016, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" debuted the first official image on the cover of their magazine, along with nine new photos. One week later, Emma Watson and Disney debuted a new poster. On November 14, 2016, the first theatrical trailer was released, again on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". This reached 127.6 million views in its first 24 hours, setting a new record for the most views in one day, beating \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\"; this record has since been broken by \"\"The Fate of the Furious\"\". A TV spot with Watson singing was shown during the 74th",
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"chunk_id": "4175037",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nis 43% of all screenings in the country. It climbed to $18.5 million on Saturday (102,700 showings) for a three-day total of $42.6 million, securing 60% of the total marketplace. Disney on the other hand reported a different figure of $44.8 million. Either ways, it recorded the second-biggest opening for a Disney live-action film, with $3.4 million coming from 386 IMAX screens. Japan—a huge Disney market—served as the film's final market and opened there on April 21. It debuted with a better-than-expected $12.5 million on its opening weekend helping the film push past the $1.1 billion threshold. An estimated $1.1",
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"chunk_id": "14400899",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nnot model healthy romantic relationships for young viewers. Constance Grady of Vox writes that Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was a fairy tale originally written to prepare young girls in 18th-century France for arranged marriages, and that the power disparity is amplified in the Disney version. Anna Menta of \"\"Elite Daily\"\" argued that the Beast does not apologize to Belle for imprisoning, hurting, or manipulating her, and his treatment of Belle is not painted as wrong. Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill",
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"chunk_id": "14400880",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nconsecutive weekends. The only markets where the film did not top the weekend charts were Vietnam (behind \"\"\"\"), Turkey (with two local movies and \"\"Logan\"\" ahead) and India (where \"\"Badrinath Ki Dulhania\"\" retained No. 1). It topped the box office for four straight weekends in Germany, Korea, Austria, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Switzerland and the UK (exclusive of previews). In the Philippines, it emerged as the most successful commercial film of all time—both local and foreign—with over $13.5 million. In just five weeks, the film became one of the top 10 highest-grossing film of all time in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nthe biggest Disney Thursday debut), the biggest March opening day in Austria, and the second-biggest in Germany ($1.1 million), Disney's biggest March in Denmark, the biggest Disney live-action debut in China ($12.6 million), the UK ($6.2 million), Mexico ($2.4 million) and Brazil ($1.8 million) and the third-biggest in South Korea with $1.2 million, behind only \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". In terms of opening weekend, the largest debut came from China ($44.8 million), followed by the UK ($24.3 million), Korea ($11.8 million), Mexico ($11.8 million), Australia ($11.1 million), Brazil ($11 million), Germany ($10.7 million), France ($8.4 million), Italy ($7.6 million), Philippines ($6.3",
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"chunk_id": "14400853",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nfilm as a \"\"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\"\". Menken returned to score the film's music, which features songs from the original film by him and Howard Ashman, plus new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. Menken said the film would not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical and instead, created four new songs. However, an instrumental version of the song \"\"Home\"\", which was written for the musical, is used during the scene where Belle first enters her room in the castle. On January 19, 2017, it was confirmed by both Disney and Céline Dion—singer of the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nUnited States and Canada and $759.5 million in other countries for a worldwide gross of $1.263 billion. With a production budget of $254 million, it is the most expensive musical ever made. In just ten days, it became the highest-grossing live-action musical of all time, beating the nine-year-old record held by \"\"Mamma Mia!\"\". It is currently the second-biggest musical ever overall, behind Disney's \"\"Frozen\"\" (2013). Worldwide, the film proved to be a global phenomenon, earning a total of $357 million over its four-day opening weekend from 56 markets. Critics said the film was playing like superhero movies amongst women. It",
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"chunk_id": "13732410",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (franchise)\"\nof Friendship\"\" is a live-action/animated direct-to-video installment of the film series. It was directed by Jimbo Mitchell, and released on August 17, 1999. It is set during the original film, and was released in part to help promote Disney Channel's television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. On March 17, 2017, Disney released a live-action adaptation of the film, which was directed by Bill Condon. The movie stars Emma Watson as Belle, Dan Stevens as the Beast, Luke Evans as Gaston, Ewan McGregor as Lumière, Ian McKellen as Cogsworth, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts, Kevin Kline as Maurice, and",
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"chunk_id": "4999819",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nmillion), Russia ($6 million), and Spain ($5.8 million). In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the film recorded the biggest opening ever for a PG-rated film, the biggest Disney live-action opening of all time, the biggest March opening weekend, the biggest opening for a musical (ahead of 2012's \"\"Les Misérables\"\"), the number one opening of 2017 to date and the fifth-biggest-ever overall with £19.7 million ($24.5 million) from 639 theatres and almost twice that of \"\"The Jungle Book\"\" (£9.9 million). This included the second-biggest Saturday ever (£7.9 million), only behind \"\"\"\". It witnessed a decline in its second weekend, earning £12.33",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Beautician and the Beast\"\nattached as the screenwriter. Kwapis recruited dialect coach Francie Brown to construct the fictional language Slovetzian, which has influences from Czech, Russian, and Hungarian. The film was shot in the Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills, California, and Sychrov Castle in the Czech Republic. Peter Lyons Collister handled the cinematography, while Jon Poll did the editing. \"\"The Beautician and the Beast\"\" was completed on a budget of $16 million; the film's final cut ran for a total of 107 minutes. American composer Cliff Eidelman handled the soundtrack for \"\"The Beautician and the Beast\"\", which was recorded at the CTS Studios in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nscreenings which began at 6 pm, while the rest—59%—came from regular 2D shows which began at 7 pm. The numbers were considered more impressive given that the film played during a school week. On its opening day, the film made $63.8 million from 4,210 theaters across 9,200 screens, marking the third biggest in the month of March, trailing behind \"\"Batman v Superman\"\" ($81.5 million) and \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" ($67 million). It was also the biggest opening day ever for a film that wasn't PG-13, displacing the $58 million opening Wednesday of \"\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"\". Its opening day",
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"chunk_id": "4999837",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nEllis praised the move stating, \"\"It is a small moment in the film, but it is a huge leap forward for the film industry.\"\" In Russia, Vitaly Milonov agitated the culture minister for banning the film, but instead it was given a 16+ rating (children under the age of 16 can only be admitted to see it in theaters with accompanying adults). Additionally, a theater in Henagar, Alabama did not screen the film because of the subplot. In Malaysia, the Film Censorship Board insisted the \"\"gay moment\"\" scene be cut, prompting an indefinite postponement of its release by Disney, followed",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nfrom audiences, good reviews from critics, effective marketing which sold the title not just as a family film but also as a romantic drama, the cast's star power (especially Emma Watson), lack of competition, being the first family film since \"\"The Lego Batman Movie\"\" a month earlier, nostalgia, and the success and ubiquity of the first film and Disney's brand. On Monday, its fourth day of release, the film fell precipitously by 72% earning $13.5 million. The steep fall was due to a limited marketplace where only 11% K-12 and 15% colleges were off per ComScore. Nevertheless, it is the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nfilm of 2017 to do so. By its fourth weekend, the film began was playing in 3,969 cinemas, a fall of 241 theaters from its previous weekend. Of those, approximately 1,200 cinemas were sing-along versions. It earned $26.3 million (−48%) and retained second place. By comparison, previous Disney films \"\"Moana\"\" (−8%) and \"\"Frozen\"\" (−2%) both witnessed mild percentage declines the weekend their sing-alone versions were released. Its seventh weekend of release was in contemporaneous with another Emma Watson-starring new film \"\"The Circle\"\". That weekend, \"\"The Circle\"\" was number four, while \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was at number six. By May",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nbiggest outside of summer, save for \"\"\"\", not accounting for inflation. It became the forty-third film to debut with over $100 million and the fifteenth film to open above $150 million. Its three-day opening alone surpassed the entire original North American run of the first film ($146 million; before the 3D re-release), instantly becoming the second-biggest film of the year, behind \"\"Logan\"\" ($184 million), and also the second-highest-grossing musical, behind \"\"Grease\"\"'s $188 million cumulative gross in 1978. Seventy percent of the total ticket sales came from 2D showings signifying that people who don't go to theaters frequently came out in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nGolden Globe Awards. Disney released the final trailer on January 30, 2017. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was released on Blu-ray, DVD and Digital HD on June 6, 2017. The film debuted at No. 1 on the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart, with all other titles in the top 20, collectively, selling only 40% as many units as \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". The movie regained the top spot on the national home video sales charts during its third week of release. The movie became available on Netflix on September 19, 2017. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" grossed $504 million in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Beautician and the Beast\"\nstarring role in a film, and part of her attempt to transition from television to film. Drescher chose Todd Graff to write the screenplay because of his familiarity with her style of humor. She pitched and sold the project to transition her career from television to film. Filming took place in Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills, California, and Sychrov Castle in the Czech Republic. Kwapis consulted with dialect coach Francie Brown to create the fictional language Slovetzian for the movie. Cliff Eidelman composed the soundtrack which features the London Metropolitan Orchestra. \"\"The Beautician and the Beast\"\" received primarily negative reviews",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nwe just couldn't get it to click and it was Alan Horn who championed the idea of owning the Disney of it all. We realized there was a competitive advantage in the songs. What is wrong with making adults feel like kids again?\"\" In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be starring as Belle, the female lead. She was the first choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, as he had previously overseen Warner Bros. which released the eight \"\"Harry Potter\"\" films that co-starred Watson as Hermione Granger. Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\nreleased on March 17, 2017. One winter's night, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cold-hearted prince a rose in exchange for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects. She bestows the Beast with a magic mirror before hexing the rose and warning him that, unless he learns to love another and earns their love in return by the time the last petal falls, he and his servants will lose their humanity forever. Years later, a beautiful young woman named Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nis the third-smallest drop for any film opening above $125 million (behind \"\"Finding Dory\"\" and \"\"The Force Awakens\"\"). The hold was notable considering how the film was able to fend off three new wide releases: \"\"Power Rangers\"\", \"\"Life\"\", and \"\"CHiPs\"\". As a result, it passed the $300 million threshold becoming the first film of 2017 the pass said mark. The film grossed $45.4 million in its third weekend, finally being overtaken for the top spot by newcomer \"\"The Boss Baby\"\" ($50.2 million). On April 4, 2017, its nineteenth day of release, it passed the $400 million threshold becoming the first",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nmonth of March and pre-summer/spring opening, beating \"\"Batman v Superman\"\", the biggest start ever for a PG title (also for a family film), surpassing \"\"Finding Dory\"\" until it was later surpassed by \"\"Incredibles 2\"\", the biggest debut of all time for a female-fueled film, ahead of \"\"\"\", the biggest for a Disney live-action adaptation, ahead of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" and the biggest musical debut ever, supplanting \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\". Furthermore, it is also Watson's highest-opening, beating \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\" same with Emma Thompson, director Bill Condon's biggest debut ever ahead of \"\"\"\" and the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nmillion came from IMAX screenings, the fourth-biggest ever in the country. The two-day gross was $9.7 million, outstripping \"\"Frozen\"\"s previous record of $9.5 million. Due to positive reviews, good word-of-mouth and benefitting from the Golden Week, the film saw a 9% increase on its second weekend. The hold was strong enough to fend off newcomer \"\"The Fate of the Furious\"\" from securing the top spot. The total there is now over $98 million after seven weekends and is the biggest film release of the year and, overall, the eleventh-biggest of all time. It topped the box office there for eight",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nof the $425 million gross ($760 million in 2017 dollars) of the original film. \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $414.7 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the second-most profitable release of 2017. In the United States and Canada, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" topped Fandango's pre-sales and became the fastest-selling family film in the company's history, topping the studio's own animated film \"\"Finding Dory\"\" released the previous year. Early tracking had the film grossing around $100 million in its opening weekend, with some publications predicting it could reach $130 million. By",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nby their decision to withdraw it completely if it could not be released uncensored. The studio moved the release date to March 30, to allow more time for Malaysia's censor board to make a decision on whether or not to release the film without changes. The distributors and producers then submitted an appeal to the Film Appeal Committee of Malaysia, which allowed the film to be released without any cuts and a P13 rating on the grounds that \"\"the gay element was minor and did not affect the positive elements featured in the film\"\". In Kuwait, the movie was withdrawn",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2009 film)\"\nand why they're committing these murders. The project was filmed in Australia at locations on the Gold Coast and at studios at the Village Roadshow Studios adjacent to Warner Bros. Movie World in Queensland. \"\"Variety\"\" reviewed the film and offered that it was \"\"an odd, bloody, cheaply made\"\" adaptation \"\"designed not for kids, but young guys heading toward a date with a Sunday-morning hangover.\"\" Toward the film as a \"\"re-imagining\"\" of the beloved \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", they offered that Disney Studios \"\"needn't lose any sleep.\"\" Other critical reception for the film was negative, with \"\"The Trades\"\" writing \"\"Shun this",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\ndue to confusion among test audiences caused by actress Harriet Jones, who looked similar to Hattie Morahan, who portrayed Agathe. In the original version of the scene, it was Jones's character, the Prince's mother, who sings the first verse of the song, with Rudi Goodman playing the young Prince and Henry Garrett playing his father; but in the reshot version of the scene, the singing part is given to the Prince (now played by Adam Mitchell). The King was also recast to Tom Turner, although Harriet Jones was still the Queen, albeit with dark hair. Both Goodman and Garrett's names",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nsecond-biggest March Monday, behind \"\"Batman v Superman\"\" ($15 million). This was followed by the biggest March and pre-summer Tuesday with $17.8 million, a 32% increase from its previous day. The same day, the film passed $200 million in ticket sales. It earned $228.6 million in the first week of release, the sixth-biggest seven-day gross of all time. In its second weekend, the film continued to maintain the top positioning and fell gradually by 48% earning another $90.4 million to register the fourth-biggest second weekend of all time, and the third-biggest for Disney. In terms of percentage drop, its 48% decline",
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"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nwas the second-biggest March global opening, behind only \"\"\"\", the thirteenth-biggest worldwide opening ever and the seventh-biggest for Disney. This includes $21 million from IMAX plays on 1,026 screens, a new record for an IMAX PG title. It surpassed the entire lifetime total of the original film in just six days. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was the 300th digitally remastered release in IMAX company's history, which began with the re-release of \"\"Apollo 13\"\" in 2002. Its robust global debut helped push the company past $6 billion for the first time, and led to analysts believing that the film had a",
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"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4893009",
"chunk_text": "\"Emma Watson\"\nShe also appeared in an episode of \"\"The Vicar of Dibley\"\", in which she played Reverend Iris. In February 2016, Watson announced she was taking a year-long break from acting. She planned to spend the time on her \"\"personal development\"\" and her women's rights work. Watson played Belle in the 2017 live action Disney adaptation of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" directed by Bill Condon, and starring opposite Dan Stevens as the Beast. The film earned over $1.2 billion at the box office and emerged as the second highest-grossing film of 2017, behind only \"\"\"\", and the 14th highest-grossing film of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4175009",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\npuppeteering for the body and the physical orientation\"\", where actor Dan Stevens was \"\"in a forty-pound gray suit on stilts for much of the film\"\". The facial capture for the Beast was done separately in order to \"\"communicate the subtleties of the human face\"\" and \"\"[capture the] thought that occurs to him\"\" which gets \"\"through [to] the eyes, which are the last human element in the Beast.\"\" The castle servants who are transformed into household objects were created with CGI animation. Before the release of the film, Bill Condon refilmed one certain sequence in the \"\"Days of the Sun\"\" number,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11975764",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\nthe production was done at the main Feature Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in Glendale, California. A smaller team at the Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Lake Buena Vista, Florida assisted the California team on several scenes, particularly the \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" number. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was the second film, after \"\"The Rescuers Down Under\"\", produced using CAPS (Computer Animation Production System), a digital scanning, ink, paint, and compositing system of software and hardware developed for Disney by Pixar. The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and colored line",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4999817",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nJungle Book\"\". In its second weekend, it fell just by 35% earning another $120.6 million and maintaining its first position hold. It added major markets like France and Australia. It topped the international box office for three consecutive weekends before finally being dethroned by \"\"Ghost in the Shell\"\" and \"\"The Boss Baby\"\" in its fourth weekend. Despite the fall, the film helped Disney push past the $1 billion thresold internationally for the first time in 2017. It scored the biggest opening day of the year in Hong Kong and the Philippines, the biggest March Thursday in Italy ($1 million, also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14400856",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nGrande and Legend's updated version of the title song is faithful to the original, Grammy-winning duet, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson for the 1991 Disney film. Disney debuted the music video for Ariana Grande and John Legend's interpretation of the title song on Freeform television network on March 5, 2017, and it has since been viewed over 100 million views on the Vevo video-hosting service. Emma Thompson also performed a rendition of the title song, which was performed by Angela Lansbury in the original 1991 animated film. On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5482493",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\nin celebration of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\"s 20th anniversary on stage. The tour opened at the Zorlu Center in Istanbul, Turkey, and closed in January 2016 at Dubai World Trade Centre, having visited Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Greece, Italy, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Egypt, Lebanon, Romania, and Qatar. In December 2015, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" came back to the Netherlands for a run at Circustheater in The Hague. In 2016, Disney and Marmelade produced an updated version for the Flemish Region of Belgium. The original cast included Josje Huisman as Belle, Jan Schepens as Beast, Dieter Troubleyn as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_871
|
what proposition made the insurance commissioner an elected position?
|
n/a
|
[
"Proposition 103",
"Proposition 103 in 1988"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3093258",
"chunk_text": "\"Proposition 103\"\nProposition 103 California voters passed Proposition 103 on November 8, 1988. It in effect made insurance companies require \"\"prior approval\"\" from the California Department of Insurance before implementing property and casualty insurance rates. It passed with 51% of the vote. The measure expanded the Department's responsibility for enforcement to include: property insurance, automobile insurance, life insurance and other types of casualty coverage. Proposition 103 made the California Insurance Commissioner an elected position (previously being a governor-appointed position). The ballot measure required insurers \"\"roll back\"\" their rates 20 percent. Proposition 103 devised a process enabling consumer participation in the setting of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9663392",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance commissioner\"\nInsurance commissioner An insurance commissioner (or commissioner of insurance) is a public official in the executive branch of a state or territory in the United States who, along with his or her office, regulate the insurance industry. The powers granted to the office of an insurance commissioner differ in each state. The office of an insurance commissioner is established either by the state constitution or by statute. While most insurance commissioners are appointed, in some jurisdictions they are elected. The office of the insurance commissioner may be part of a larger regulatory agency, or an autonomous department. Insurance law and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10598285",
"chunk_text": "\"California Insurance Commissioner\"\nCalifornia Insurance Commissioner California Insurance Commissioner has been an elected executive office position in California since 1991. Prior to that time, the Insurance Commissioner was appointed by the Governor. The officeholder is in charge of the California Department of Insurance. The current Insurance Commissioner is Democrat Dave Jones. As a result of the passage of Proposition 103 in 1988, the elected office of the California Insurance Commissioner was created in 1991. Previously, the position was held by a person appointed by the Governor. The Insurance Commissioner oversees the Department of Insurance. Democrat Dave Jones won the November 2, 2010 election",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2419391",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 California Insurance Commissioner election\"\n2018 California Insurance Commissioner election The 2018 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the Insurance Commissioner of California. Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. The top two finishers — regardless of party — advance to the general election in November, even if a candidate manages to receive a majority of the votes cast in the primary election. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Dave Jones was term-limited and could not seek re-election to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20619030",
"chunk_text": "\"California Department of Insurance\"\nover 1,500 insurance companies and more than 320,000 insurance agents and insurance brokers in the state of California, United States. The current California Insurance Commissioner is Dave Jones. In the early 1900s, the California State Legislature transformed the CDI into a law enforcement agency when it passed new anti-fraud insurance legislation. The legislation provided sworn peace officers to investigate and arrest those who commit fraud. On November 8, 1988, California voters passed Proposition 103, by a narrow margin (51%), on the promise of providing consumers with a 20% rate rollback. It also broadened the Department of Insurance's responsibility for enforcement",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13175507",
"chunk_text": "\"Consumer Watchdog\"\nsponsor it called Voter Revolt. The proposal turned into insurance reform Proposition 103 and promised voters a minimum 20% rollback in rates for property, auto and other kinds of insurance. The measure required auto insurers to base auto insurance premiums primarily on a policyholder's driving safety record, annual mileage driven and years driving experience. Proposition 103 also made the California Insurance Commissioner an elected official, subjected insurers to California's antitrust laws, civil rights laws and unfair business competition law. It also included a provision for \"\"intervenor fees,\"\" which has resulted in payments to Rosenfield and his organizations of more than",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8219540",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 California Insurance Commissioner election\"\na third term. Primary results by county. Yellow represents counties won by Poizner. Blue represents counties won by Lara. 2018 California Insurance Commissioner election The 2018 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the Insurance Commissioner of California. Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. The top two finishers — regardless of party — advance to the general election in November, even if a candidate manages to receive a majority of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12823479",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Villines\"\nbalance competing interests and is willing to take the heat for doing the right thing...The fortitude to do the right thing against immense pressure is a pretty good credential for insurance commissioner, the state officeholder charged with regulating and approving rates for homeowner and auto insurance. \"\" He also received endorsements from the LA Daily News, Modesto Bee, Fresno Bee, Bakersfield Californian and the Merced Sun-Star. Villines authored AB 1887 to create a high-risk pool to allow for health-care coverage for Californians with pre-existing conditions utilizing federal funds directed from the Affordable Health Care for America Act. The bill passed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10598286",
"chunk_text": "\"California Insurance Commissioner\"\nfor California Insurance Commissioner. The Insurance Commissioner does not oversee the majority of Health Plans and Health Insurance. HMO Health Plans and PPO Plans offered by Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield of California are overseen by the California Department of Managed Health Care. California Insurance Commissioner California Insurance Commissioner has been an elected executive office position in California since 1991. Prior to that time, the Insurance Commissioner was appointed by the Governor. The officeholder is in charge of the California Department of Insurance. The current Insurance Commissioner is Democrat Dave Jones. As a result of the passage of Proposition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18478924",
"chunk_text": "\"2010 California Insurance Commissioner election\"\nbold. 2010 California Insurance Commissioner election The 2010 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 2, 2010 to choose the Insurance Commissioner of California. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010. Incumbent Insurance Commissioner Steve Poizner, a Republican, ran for Governor of California and did not seek reelection. Democratic Assemblyman Dave Jones, the winning candidate, will serve a four-year term from 2011 to 2015. The following were certified by the California Secretary of State as candidates in the primary election for Insurance Commissioner. Candidates who won their respective primaries and qualified for the general election are shown",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13978670",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Donelon\"\nreceived the prestigious Legion of Merit medal. Jim Donelon James Joseph Donelon, III (born December 14, 1944), known as Jim Donelon, has been since February 15, 2006, the Republican insurance commissioner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. After initially succeeding to the office, Donelon won a full-term as commissioner in the October 20, 2007 nonpartisan blanket primary. He finished with 606,534 votes (51 percent) and defeated three opponents, the closest of whom, Democrat Jim Crowley, polled 423,722 (36 percent). Two other Republican candidates garnered the remaining 13 percent of the ballots cast. Donelon was first elected to complete a 15-month",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3364651",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Donelon\"\nJim Donelon James Joseph Donelon, III (born December 14, 1944), known as Jim Donelon, has been since February 15, 2006, the Republican insurance commissioner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. After initially succeeding to the office, Donelon won a full-term as commissioner in the October 20, 2007 nonpartisan blanket primary. He finished with 606,534 votes (51 percent) and defeated three opponents, the closest of whom, Democrat Jim Crowley, polled 423,722 (36 percent). Two other Republican candidates garnered the remaining 13 percent of the ballots cast. Donelon was first elected to complete a 15-month unexpired term as insurance commissioner in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18478923",
"chunk_text": "\"2010 California Insurance Commissioner election\"\n2010 California Insurance Commissioner election The 2010 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 2, 2010 to choose the Insurance Commissioner of California. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010. Incumbent Insurance Commissioner Steve Poizner, a Republican, ran for Governor of California and did not seek reelection. Democratic Assemblyman Dave Jones, the winning candidate, will serve a four-year term from 2011 to 2015. The following were certified by the California Secretary of State as candidates in the primary election for Insurance Commissioner. Candidates who won their respective primaries and qualified for the general election are shown in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10277090",
"chunk_text": "\"Ricardo Lara\"\nRicardo Lara Ricardo Lara (born November 5, 1974) is an American politician who is currently serving in the California State Senate. Lara was elected Insurance Commissioner of California on 2018 election, in a upset, defeating former California insurance commissioner Steve Poizner. A Democrat, he represents the 33rd Senate District, which encompasses Long Beach and portions of the Gateway Cities region. Prior to his 2012 election to the State Senate, Lara served in the California State Assembly, representing the 50th Assembly District. He is a member of the California Latino Legislative Caucus, and served as Chair from 2013 to 2014. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20649343",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 California Insurance Commissioner election\"\n2014 California Insurance Commissioner election The 2014 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 4, 2014, to elect the Insurance Commissioner of California. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Dave Jones ran for re-election to a second term in office. A primary election was held on June 3, 2014. Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. The top two finishers — regardless of party — advance to the general election in November, even if a candidate manages to receive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "694565",
"chunk_text": "\"California Department of Insurance\"\nto include property insurance, automobile insurance, life insurance and other types of casualty coverage, including a requirement that the property and casualty insurance premium rates must be pre-approved by the department. Proposition 103 also changed the status of the California Insurance Commissioner to that of an elected official, from being a governor-appointed position. Proposition 103 also expanded the department's important role in consumer affairs. In 2001, the CDI implemented and began overseeing the Slavery Era Insurance Registry, as per new legislation requirements signed into law in 2000. The registry was created to require insurance companies to disclose any historical data",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13623350",
"chunk_text": "\"Health insurance in the United States\"\nultimately stripped to secure the support of moderates. The bill passed the Senate in December 2009 with all Democrats voting in favor and the House in March 2010 with the support of most Democrats. Not a single Republican voted in favor of it either time. Historically, health insurance has been regulated by the states, consistent with the McCarran-Ferguson Act. Details for what health insurance could be sold were up to the states, with a variety of laws and regulations. Model acts and regulations promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) provide some degree of uniformity state to state.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5499718",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Riesberg\"\nchallenger Rochelle Galindo, 57 percent to 43 percent. Jim Riesberg James Riesberg (born April 4, 1942) is a former Colorado Insurance Commissioner. He was appointed to the position by Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper on June 27, 2011 and joined the Division on July 1, 2011. He resigned in 2013. Riesberg is also a former Colorado legislator. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 2004, Riesberg represented House District 50, which encompassed eastern Greeley and Evans, Colorado. In December 2007, Riesberg announced that he would seek a third term in the legislature in the 2008 legislative elections.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5952661",
"chunk_text": "\"John Oxendine\"\nmicromanagement at the state level; maintaining local control but ensuring accountability. Oxendine supports an \"\"equal access voucher system\"\" that gives parents greater choice in their children's education. He supports efforts to expand charter schooling. John Oxendine John W. Oxendine (born April 30, 1962) is an American politician who served four terms as Insurance Commissioner of the U.S. state of Georgia. A member of the Republican party, he was first elected commissioner in 1994 and was reelected in 1998, 2002, and 2006. Prior to entering politics, Oxendine owned and operated a small business and was a lawyer practicing in Gwinnett County,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3093260",
"chunk_text": "\"Proposition 103\"\non auto insurance in 2010 than they spent in 1989, while the nation spent 43.3% more\"\". Investigatory and regulatory hearings are open to intervenors. Members of the public or organizations can observe or may attend the hearing and request to be heard, submit written comments or present live testimony. Attorney fees can be reimbursed when written comments are submitted that \"\"make a substantial contribution within the time frame in the notice\"\". Proposition 103 California voters passed Proposition 103 on November 8, 1988. It in effect made insurance companies require \"\"prior approval\"\" from the California Department of Insurance before implementing property",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21759",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance commissioner\"\nregulation is established individually by each state. In order to better coordinate insurance regulation among the states and territories, insurance commissioners are members of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). The purpose of insurance commissioners is to maintain fair pricing for insurance products, protecting the solvency of insurance companies, preventing unfair practices by insurance companies, and ensuring availability of insurance coverage. In order to accomplish these goals, each state grants several powers to insurance commissioners and their offices, including: As of April 18. 2017, the various insurance commissioners are: Insurance commissioner An insurance commissioner (or commissioner of insurance) is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10451517",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner\"\nOklahoma Insurance Commissioner The Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner is an elected executive officer of the state of Oklahoma. The Insurance Commissioner serves as the head of the Oklahoma Department of Insurance. The Insurance Department is charged with executing of all laws relating to insurance and insurance companies doing business in the State. The current Insurance Commissioner is John D. Doak who was elected in November 2010 and took the oath of office on January 10, 2011. In order to serve as the Insurance Commissioner, a candidate must be at least twenty-five years old, a resident of the State for at least",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1087055",
"chunk_text": "\"J. Robert Wooley\"\nto refute in his book \"\"Justice Denied\"\". Wooley served as Brown's assistant insurance commissioner from 1999 to 2000 and then became the acting commissioner for three years. Wooley won the position himself in the general election held on November 15, 2003. He defeated the Republican candidate, Dan Kyle, the former state legislative auditor. Wooley received 773,578 votes (57.7 percent) to Kyle's 567,034 (42.3 percent). In that same election, the Democrat Kathleen Babineaux Blanco defeated the Republican gubernatorial choice, Bobby Jindal, who rebounded four years later to claim the state's highest constitutional office. In his five-and-a-half years as insurance commissioner, Wooley",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20649344",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 California Insurance Commissioner election\"\na majority of the votes cast in the primary election. Washington is the only other state with this system, a so-called \"\"top two primary\"\" (Louisiana has a similar \"\"jungle primary\"\"). Jones and Republican Ted Gaines finished first and second, respectively, and contested the general election, which Jones won. 2014 California Insurance Commissioner election The 2014 California Insurance Commissioner election was held on November 4, 2014, to elect the Insurance Commissioner of California. Incumbent Democratic Commissioner Dave Jones ran for re-election to a second term in office. A primary election was held on June 3, 2014. Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17965862",
"chunk_text": "\"National Association of Insurance Commissioners\"\nInternal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The 2018 NAIC President is Julie Mix McPeak, insurance commissioner from the Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance. Officers of the NAIC include a President, President-Elect, Vice President and Secretary-Treasurer, who are elected annually by the membership by secret ballot. To help organize the NAIC’s efforts, the United States has been divided into four geographic zones: Northeastern, Southeastern, Midwestern and Western; each zone has its own chair, vice chair and secretary who sit on the NAIC’s Executive (EX) Committee. In addition to the Executive Committee, the NAIC maintains additional standing committees to address",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20019497",
"chunk_text": "\"Harvey Rosenfield\"\nnew insurance reform legislation, which insurance industry lobbyists killed in the state capitol. In 1987, Rosenfield began to write a ballot box proposal and formed a campaign to sponsor it called Voter Revolt. The proposal turned into insurance reform Proposition 103 and promised voters a minimum 20% rollback in rates for property, auto and other kinds of insurance. It also required insurance companies to follow the state's consumer protection and civil rights laws. Voter Revolt operated on a $2.9 million budget, a fraction of the insurance industry's $63 million lobbying and advertising effort. The insurance industry, fearing they would not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641176",
"chunk_text": "\"McCarran–Ferguson Act\"\narea or not. Until the middle of the 19th century insurance largely went unregulated in the United States. New Hampshire in 1850 was the first state to appoint an insurance commissioner. In 1852, Massachusetts appointed a commission and California, Connecticut, Indiana, Missouri, New York and Vermont either established a separate insurance department or vested the power to regulate insurance in an existing agency. Shortly thereafter, other states followed until by 1871 nearly every state had \"\"some type of supervision and control over insurance companies.\"\" Often the legislation and rules promulgated by insurance commissions of one state conflicted with those of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14439102",
"chunk_text": "\"Dave Jones (politician)\"\nDave Jones (politician) David Evan \"\"Dave\"\" Jones (born January 4, 1962) is an American politician serving as California's Insurance Commissioner. He previously represented California's 9th assembly district from December 2004 to 2011 as a member of the Democratic Party. Jones attended Carl Sandburg High School in Orland Park, Illinois where he served as student body president alongside student body vice-president John Chiang. Lifelong friends, Chiang and Jones would run again together in 2010 on the California Democratic slate, with Chiang winning reelection as state controller and Jones being elected California Insurance Commissioner. Prior to his election to the State Assembly,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17965867",
"chunk_text": "\"National Association of Insurance Commissioners\"\nand some archival issues of the \"\"Proceedings\"\" are publicly available for download in PDF format on the NAIC Publications department website. Committees, Task Forces, and Working Groups After \"\"Paul v. Virginia\"\", state insurance commissioners formed the National Insurance Convention in 1871 to coordinate; this became the National Convention of Insurance Commissioners and then the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. During the first session, a uniform annual statement was adopted and life insurance companies but not fire insurance companies were required to make reserve deposits to protect their policyholders. In the second session a model law was passed; many states adopted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5409455",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner\"\nevidence in any legal or regulatory action. The following is a complete list of those individuals who have served as Insurance Commissioner of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner The Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner is an elected executive officer of the state of Oklahoma. The Insurance Commissioner serves as the head of the Oklahoma Department of Insurance. The Insurance Department is charged with executing of all laws relating to insurance and insurance companies doing business in the State. The current Insurance Commissioner is John D. Doak who was elected in November 2010 and took the oath of office on January 10, 2011. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9435372",
"chunk_text": "\"Kim Holland\"\nKim Holland Kim Holland (born August 6, 1955) is an American politician and insurance professional from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Holland served as the Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner until January 2011. She was appointed to that position by Governor Brad Henry in 2005, following the indictment and resignation of her predecessor, Carroll Fisher. The second woman to serve as the state insurance commissioner, she was re-elected in 2006 to her own four-year term. In 2010, attempting to gain her second full term in office, Holland faced Republican nominee John D. Doak, who defeated her in November's general election. Doak assumed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12673013",
"chunk_text": "\"Ralph Hudgens\"\nRalph Hudgens Ralph Hudgens is the Commissioner of Insurance of the state of Georgia. Hudgens served in the Georgia House of Representatives as well as the Georgia Senate. He has been a delegate to numerous Republican Party events. Hudgens defeated his Democratic opponent in the 2010 election with 53.8% of the vote. He was re-elected in 2014. He announced on July 17, 2017, that he would not run for re-election in 2018. Hudgens and his wife, Suzanne, have four children and twelve grandchildren. With regard to Obamacare, as the Georgia Insurance Commissioner, Hudgens has opposed the implementation of Affordable Care",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4083484",
"chunk_text": "\"James David Cain\"\nhad been acting commissioner from 2000 to 2003. In that race, Cain charged that Donelon, also a former Democrat who remains insurance commissioner, was insufficiently committed to Republican and conservative principles. However, Donelon pointed out that he had been a Republican for some twenty years longer than Cain and had carried the GOP standard in several important elections, including the U.S. Senate race in 1998 against the popular incumbent Democrat, Senator John Breaux, when other Republicans were unwilling to commit to the challenge. Cain unveiled a five-point plan to bring \"\"integrity, efficiency, and accountability\"\" to the insurance office. He accused",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2524984",
"chunk_text": "\"North Dakota Insurance Commissioner\"\nNorth Dakota Insurance Commissioner The North Dakota Insurance Commissioner regulates the insurance industry in North Dakota, United States, licenses insurance professionals in the state, educates consumers about different types of insurance, and handles consumer complaints. The current Insurance Commissioner is Jon Godfread who was elected in 2016. Since the creation of the office with the state's constitution in 1889, the state has seen a total of 20 Insurance Commissioners. The commissioners have served relatively short terms when compared with North Dakota's other state offices; the longest tenure was that of Sveinung A. Olsness who served for 18 years, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7811029",
"chunk_text": "\"Herb Denenberg\"\nReports,\"\" and was a consultant and counsel to numerous agencies of the federal government as well as state and local governments. He co-authored the first no-fault insurance law in the United States, passed in Puerto Rico, and was involved in revising insurance laws in Nevada and Alaska. In 1971, he was appointed Commissioner of the Pennsylvania Department of Insurance in the cabinet of Governor Milton Shapp. In 1974, he ran for the Democratic Party nomination for United States Senate, but lost to Mayor of Pittsburgh Peter Flaherty by less than four points; Flaherty, in turn, lost to incumbent Republican Richard",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5499716",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Riesberg\"\nJim Riesberg James Riesberg (born April 4, 1942) is a former Colorado Insurance Commissioner. He was appointed to the position by Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper on June 27, 2011 and joined the Division on July 1, 2011. He resigned in 2013. Riesberg is also a former Colorado legislator. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 2004, Riesberg represented House District 50, which encompassed eastern Greeley and Evans, Colorado. In December 2007, Riesberg announced that he would seek a third term in the legislature in the 2008 legislative elections. Riesberg was unanimously nominated for a second term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17748533",
"chunk_text": "\"John Ingram (politician)\"\nJohn Ingram (politician) John Randolph Ingram (June 12, 1929 – January 6, 2013) was an American Democratic politician, attorney, and insurance commissioner. He served as North Carolina's Commissioner of Insurance from 1973 until 1985. John Randolph Ingram was born on June 12, 1929 in Greensboro, North Carolina. He attended Asheboro High School. He graduated with a B.S. in Business Administration from the Kenan–Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina in 1951. He earned his \"\"Juris Doctor\"\" from University of North Carolina School of Law in 1954. He practiced as an attorney, serving on the board of directors of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17748535",
"chunk_text": "\"John Ingram (politician)\"\nas a populist and was an outspoken holder of the office. He won re-election in 1976 and 1980. He considered the abolition of assigned risk for young drivers to be the highlight of his career as Commissioner. Throughout his tenure, he consistently rejected insurance rate increases, although these were overturned by appellate courts in 32 of 33 cases. This brought him into conflict with the General Assembly, which, in 1977, stripped the Commissioner's office of its rate-capping powers. He was indirectly threatened by the Insurance lobby which made many attempts to infiltrate his campaigns and cabinet. This led to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "395243",
"chunk_text": "\"Jones–Shafroth Act\"\nbe overridden by a two-thirds vote, in which case the President of the United States would make the final decision. Matters relating to franchises and concessions were vested in a Public Service Commission, consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the auditor, and two elected commissioners. A Resident Commissioner to the United States was elected by popular vote for a four-year term; the Resident Commissioner's duties included representing Puerto Rico in the U.S. House of Representatives, with a voice but without vote, as well as before the executive departments in Washington. Under the Act, six executive departments were constituted:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16275125",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew Denn\"\nBob Connor. He lost that race but was elected State Insurance Commissioner in 2004, defeating Karen Weldin Stewart in the Democratic primary race, and later defeating Republican Party candidate, Dave Ennis, a member of Delaware General Assembly, in the general election. Denn served as Insurance Commissioner from January 4, 2005 until January 4, 2009. Denn was elected Lieutenant Governor of Delaware in 2008, winning 61 percent of the vote to defeat Republican opponent State Senator Charlie Copeland. Another Democratic candidate, Wilmington City Council President Ted Blunt, ended his campaign in spring 2008, allowing Denn to avoid a primary contest. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16829800",
"chunk_text": "\"Colorado Division of Insurance\"\ninsurance issues. Its statutory mission is consumer protection. The current Commissioner is Michael Conway (appointed in January 2018) by Governor John Hickenlooper. Colorado Division of Insurance The Colorado Division of Insurance was established by the Colorado General Assembly in 1879. It became part of the Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) in 1968. The chief executive officer of the Division is the Commissioner of Insurance. The Commissioner is appointed by the governor, Prior to 1906, the commissioner was known as the Superintendent of Insurance and was under the State Auditor, and until 1984 was a state employee. In 1984 the position",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15408795",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Poolman\"\nJim Poolman Jim Poolman (born May 15, 1970, Fargo, North Dakota) is a banker and politician from the U.S. state of North Dakota. He served as Insurance Commissioner of North Dakota from 2001 until his resignation on August 31, 2007. Poolman was raised in Fargo, North Dakota and graduated from Fargo South High School in 1988. In 1992, he graduated from the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks with a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration. Poolman then went on to be elected to the North Dakota House of Representatives as a Republican later in 1992, serving District 42. Poolman",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6874231",
"chunk_text": "\"Dudley A. Guglielmo\"\nfour opponents, John W. Davidson, Jack Simpson, a young insurance agent and a member of the Natchitoches Parish Police Jury; Raymond C. Wingate, and the conservative State Senator W. Spencer Myrick of Oak Grove in West Carroll Parish in northeastern Louisiana, to secure reelection as insurance commissioner. In Guglielmo's second term, several insurance companies failed to pay claims in a timely manner and forced the insured to accept lower amounts by with-holding payment until the insured was desperate. Guglielmo worked to require claims be paid more faithfully and also backed the claims of numerous insurance agents against a number of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17748538",
"chunk_text": "\"John Ingram (politician)\"\nof rape and incest. He died on January 6, 2013 from complications of heart disease. John Ingram (politician) John Randolph Ingram (June 12, 1929 – January 6, 2013) was an American Democratic politician, attorney, and insurance commissioner. He served as North Carolina's Commissioner of Insurance from 1973 until 1985. John Randolph Ingram was born on June 12, 1929 in Greensboro, North Carolina. He attended Asheboro High School. He graduated with a B.S. in Business Administration from the Kenan–Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina in 1951. He earned his \"\"Juris Doctor\"\" from University of North Carolina School of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10997394",
"chunk_text": "\"June 2010 California elections\"\nthe reassessment of property values due to seismic retrofitting work. Proposition 14 is an initiative statute establishing nonpartisan blanket primaries. Proposition 15 is an initiative statute creating a public campaign finance system for Secretary of State elections. Proposition 16 is an initiative constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds majority to establish or expand public electricity providers. Proposition 17 is an initiative statute allowing auto insurance companies to charge based on continuity of insurance coverage. The seat of the 37th State Senate district was vacated by John J. Benoit after he was appointed to be Riverside County supervisor on November 30, 2009.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16829799",
"chunk_text": "\"Colorado Division of Insurance\"\nColorado Division of Insurance The Colorado Division of Insurance was established by the Colorado General Assembly in 1879. It became part of the Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) in 1968. The chief executive officer of the Division is the Commissioner of Insurance. The Commissioner is appointed by the governor, Prior to 1906, the commissioner was known as the Superintendent of Insurance and was under the State Auditor, and until 1984 was a state employee. In 1984 the position changed to become a gubernatorial appointee. The Colorado Division of Insurance regulates the insurance industry and assists consumers and other stakeholders with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9042506",
"chunk_text": "\"Arizona Corporation Commission\"\nArizona Corporation Commission The Arizona Corporation Commission is the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Arizona, established by Article 15 of the Arizona Constitution. Arizona is one of only fourteen states with elected commissioners. The Arizona constitution explicitly calls for an elected commission, as opposed to a governor-appointed commission, which is the standard in most states, because its drafters feared that governors would appoint industry-friendly officials. They are directly elected statewide and serve staggered four-year terms. The commission has five members. As of January 2017, the commissioners are Thomas Forese, Andy Tobin, Boyd Dunn, Bob Burns, and Justin Olson.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2953928",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Capella\"\nin New Orleans. He is a class captain of the Jesuit High School Alumni Association. He is affiliated with the Pontchartrain Shores Civic Association and the Jefferson Chamber of Commerce. Capella formerly resided in Baton Rouge and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dates unavailable. On November 24, 2001, Capella narrowly won a low-turnout special election to succeed Republican Representative Jim Donelon, who resigned effective June 30 to become the assistant state insurance commissioner under J. Robert Wooley, a Democrat. When Wooley later resigned as commissioner, Donelon moved up to the top spot on an interim basis and was elected in 2006 to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15667259",
"chunk_text": "\"Mike Chaney\"\nMike Chaney Mike Chaney (born January 6, 1944 in Tupelo, Mississippi) is the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Mississippi. He is a 1966 graduate of Mississippi State University with a Bachelor of Science in Business and Finance. Chaney is a veteran of the United States Army, serving in Vietnam in 1968-69. Chaney, a Republican, was elected Mississippi Insurance Commissioner for a 4-year term in 2007 and re-elected in 2011 and in 2015. Prior to his election as Insurance Commissioner in 2007, Chaney served seven years (1993 to 1999) in the Mississippi House of Representatives and eight years (2000-2008)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10359144",
"chunk_text": "\"Consumer Watchdog\"\nin 1985. Later, Rosenfield and Nader campaigned against California Proposition 51 (1986), an insurance-industry-backed initiative on the California ballot in 1986 that limited damage claims on lawsuits. Though Proposition 51 passed, Rosenfield continued to work for insurance rate reductions at his newly formed public interest group. Rosenfield believed insurance regulation was the only solution to rising insurance rates in California. In response, Rosenfield drafted new insurance reform legislation, which insurance industry lobbyists defeated in the state capital. In 1987, Rosenfield began to write a ballot box proposal to regulate California property and casualty insurance companies and formed a campaign to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_872
|
where is the 7th game of the world series played?
|
n/a
|
[
"Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12417663",
"chunk_text": "\"Game seven\"\nGame seven A game seven is the final game of a best of seven series. This game can occur in the postseasons for Major League Baseball (MLB) (League Championship Series and World Series), the National Basketball Association (NBA) (all rounds of the NBA playoffs), and the National Hockey League (NHL) (all rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs). The game is generally played at the site of the team holding the home advantage across the series. The nature of a best-of-seven series requires that the series be tied at three games apiece going into game seven, such that either team can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9400058",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nthe seventh inning and Jansen pitched two scoreless innings for the save. Pederson tied a World Series record with his fifth consecutive game with an extra base hit. Andre Ethier, who appeared in the game as a pinch hitter, set a new Dodgers franchise record with his 50th career postseason game. This was the first World Series Game 7 to be played at Dodger Stadium (and the first postseason Game 7 of any postseason series at the stadium since the 1988 NLCS, and the Dodgers' first World Series Game 7 since 1965 against the Minnesota Twins). It was also the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150078",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nentered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the 2018 National League Division Series and the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the 2018 National League Championship Series, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of a League Championship Series on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743383",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nthen each league has conducted a championship series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance. As of 2018, the World Series has been contested 114 times, with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 48. The 2018 World Series took place between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Boston Red Sox from October 23-28, with the Red Sox winning in five games to earn their ninth title. This was the first World Series meeting between these two teams since 1916. Having previously lost to the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573820",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\"\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150071",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\n2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17299627",
"chunk_text": "\"2011 World Series\"\n2011 World Series The 2011 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2011 season. The 107th edition of World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Texas Rangers and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Cardinals defeated the Rangers in seven games to win their 11th World Series championship and their first since 2006. The Series was noted for its back-and-forth Game 6, in which the Cardinals erased a two-run deficit in the bottom of the ninth inning, then did it again in the 10th. In both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18496332",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\n2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home-field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All-Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home-field advantage determined by the All-Star Game results; since , home-field advantage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150102",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nHouse, on a yet to be determined date. 2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1323185",
"chunk_text": "\"Game seven\"\nleague's champion for the season. In the MLB Postseason, game seven can occur in the League Championship Series and the World Series (the divisional series are best of five). In the World Series, there have been 39 decisive game sevens (of the four World Series that were contested on a best-of-nine basis, none went to a game nine, though all four included a non-decisive game seven). World Series that were decided on a game seven: All extra inning game sevens involve three franchises each with two appearances, the New York/San Francisco Giants (losing both), the Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins (winning both)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9455145",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nis awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the second tie-breaker would be head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the third tie-breaker would be best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962. The Boston Red Sox won the 2018 World Series, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in 5 games for their fourth title since 2004. American League (AL)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5167698",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Major League Baseball season\"\n2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2, 2017 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, and ended on October 1. The postseason began on October 3. The 2017 World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5–1, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history. The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743382",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nWorld Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy. As the series is played during the fall season in North America, it is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic. Prior to 1969, the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series; since",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743438",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nWorld Cup and generally disregarded its results. The Caribbean Series features competition among the league champions from Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela but unlike the FIFA Club World Cup, there is no club competition that features champions from all professional leagues across the world. World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20907347",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nhas been awarded to the team with the better record. The Cubs defeated the Indians when they won 4 games to 3 to win their first World Series since 1908. Game 7, an 8–7 victory in extra innings, marked the fifth time that a Game 7 had gone past nine innings and the first since 1997 (which, coincidentally, also featured the Indians). It was also the first to have a rain delay which occurred as the tenth inning was about to start. The Cubs became the sixth team to come back from a 3-1 deficit to win a best-of-seven World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573822",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nwith Reggie Jackson in 1977 and Chase Utley in 2009. This was the first World Series in which home-field advantage was decided by the regular season record of the two pennant winners. From 1903 to 2002, home-field advantage had been determined by coin flips and by alternating between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, it was determined by results from that season's All-Star Game, when it was awarded to the team from the winning league. The Dodgers earned home-field advantage over the Astros. The series was played in a 2–3–2 format, with the Dodgers hosting Games 1, 2,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12572435",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Major League Baseball season\"\n2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "730969",
"chunk_text": "\"The 7 Line Army\"\nPark in Pittsburgh, Turner Stadium in Atlanta, Camden Yards in Baltimore and Coors Field in Denver. When the Mets won the division, The 7 Line Army was present at every home post-season game, including the Worlds Series against the Royals. 2016 included 14 games at Citi Field and outings at Petco Park in SD, Miller Park in Milwaukee, two outings to Nationals Park in Washington, DC, and the 4th annual \"\"Bronx Invasion\"\". In 2016, the Army attended both Subway Series games at Yankee Stadium, instead of just one. 2017 included 14 games at Citi Field and outings at Nationals Park",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743419",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nof them had gone the full seven games. Since then, the 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2017 World Series have gone the full seven games. This rule was subject to debate, with various writers feeling that home-field advantage should be decided based on the regular season records of the participants, not on an exhibition game played several months earlier. Some writers especially questioned the integrity of this rule after the 2014 All-Star Game, when St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Adam Wainwright suggested that he intentionally gave Derek Jeter some easy pitches to hit in the New York Yankees' shortstop's final All-Star appearance",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5108245",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark Wegner\"\nMLB and Harrelson apologized for those comments. Wegner worked his first career no-hitter on July 13, 2013, calling balls and strikes for Tim Lincecum's 148-pitch performance against the San Diego Padres. Replays indicate Wegner called Lincecum to the tune of 97.9% accuracy, missing just two pitches. On November 1, 2017 Wegner was behind home plate for Game 7 of the World Series, which was won by the Houston Astros by a score of 5-1 over the host Los Angeles Dodgers. Prior to the start of the 2018 season, Wegner was promoted to crew chief. A Catholic known for his charity",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20907382",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\n3-0 in postseason series against Terry Francona, having also won the 2008 ALCS and the 2013 Wild Card Game against him. Game 7 was the 60th extra inning game in World Series history as well as the first extra inning Game 7 won by the road team. In the previous four times in 1912, 1924, 1991 and 1997, the home team won all four extra inning Game 7s. 2016 World Series (4–3): Chicago Cubs beat Cleveland Indians. Fox televised the series in the United States, under contract with Major League Baseball giving it exclusive rights to the World Series through",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13166461",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 World Series\"\nin the ALDS and defeated the Cleveland Indians in the ALCS after trailing three games to one, taking the final three contests by a combined score of 30–5. Neither participating team was in the previous year's postseason. The Rockies' eight-day layoff was the longest in MLB postseason history, caused by their sweep in the NLCS, the ALCS going seven games, and scheduling by MLB. Per the 2006 Collective Bargaining Agreement, the Red Sox had home-field advantage in the World Series following the American League's 5–4 win in the 2007 All-Star Game. The first two games took place in Boston, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15752206",
"chunk_text": "\"2011 American League Championship Series\"\nStates. Games 1, 2, and 6 were played at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, Texas, while the other games were played at Comerica Park in Detroit. This was the first postseason meeting between the Rangers and the Tigers. The Tigers appeared in the ALCS (and the postseason overall) for the first time since 2006, while the Rangers were playing in their second consecutive appearance. The Rangers would go on to lose to the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series. This is as of the 2018 season their final victory in a postseason series to date. Saturday, October 8, 2011 –",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18496334",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nSeries, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. The Cubs, playing in their eleventh World Series and their first since 1945, won their third championship and first since 1908, ending the longest world championship drought in North American professional sports history. It was the Indians' sixth appearance in the World Series and their first since 1997, with their last Series win having come in 1948. The two teams entered their matchup as the two franchises with the longest World Series title droughts, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573824",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nregular season. The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25 and ended the season with a 104–58 record. They won their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs as the overall #1 seed. In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the 4th-seeded Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and then defeated the number 3 seed and defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games. This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2440036",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\n2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9455156",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nOhio (Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds), Florida (Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins), Texas (Texas Rangers and Houston Astros – who now both play in the American League since the Astros changed leagues in 2013, making any future joint World Series appearance an impossibility unless one of the teams switches leagues), or Pennsylvania (the Philadelphia Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates have been traditional National League rivals going back to the late 19th Century). Neither the Phillies nor the Pirates ever faced the Athletics in October during the latter team's tenure in Philadelphia, through 1954. The Boston Red Sox never similarly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17550885",
"chunk_text": "\"The 7 Line Army\"\nin Washington, DC, Busch Stadium in St. Louis, and Safeco Field in Seattle. They were scheduled to go to Minute Maid Park in Houston, but most did not attend due to Hurricane Harvey. One game on August 6th had the Big Apple Reserved seats taken by a few Dodger fans that were wearing Orel Hershiser and Cody Bellinger shirts. The Mets then lost 8-0. Mets players have noted the effect The 7 Line Army has when playing on the road. “It almost felt like we were playing at home, the support the fans are giving us at other ballparks, it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743417",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nNov. 1, the first time the Series had been played in November. Yankee shortstop Derek Jeter won the game with a 12th inning walk-off home run and was dubbed \"\"Mr. November\"\" by elements of the media – echoing the media's designation of Reggie Jackson as \"\"Mr. October\"\" for his slugging achievements during the 1977 World Series. With the 2006 World Series victory by the St. Louis Cardinals, Tony La Russa became the second manager to a win a World Series in both the American and National Leagues. Prior to 2003, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16380392",
"chunk_text": "\"Brandon Morrow\"\nschool. He wears an insulin pump to regulate his blood sugar levels. Brandon Morrow Brandon John Morrow (born July 26, 1984) is an American professional baseball relief pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Seattle Mariners, Toronto Blue Jays, San Diego Padres, and Los Angeles Dodgers. On August 8, 2010, Morrow pitched a complete game one-hitter with 17 strikeouts, coming within one out of a no-hitter. In the 2017 World Series, he became just the second pitcher ever to appear in all seven games of the series. Morrow attended Rancho Cotate High",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20755684",
"chunk_text": "\"2011 Major League Baseball season\"\nhome field advantage in the World Series. Accordingly, the 2011 World Series began on October 19, and ended on October 28, with the St. Louis Cardinals winning in seven games over the Texas Rangers. Only two teams were unable to complete the entire 162-game regular season schedule, as the make-up game between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Washington Nationals at Nationals Park on September 8 was cancelled due to rain and not made up, owing to scheduling constraints and the game being inconsequential to the playoffs. Green backgrounds indicate teams that made the postseason. Numbers in parentheses indicate seedings",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20584640",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 World Series\"\nin World Series history. The previous Game 7 in World Series history occurred in 2011, when the St. Louis Cardinals and Texas Rangers produced a 14.7 rating, a full 1.0 over 2014's Game 7. This was the fifth consecutive World Series (and the sixth in seven years) to earn a national rating under 10.0. ESPN Radio aired the series, with Dan Shulman on play-by-play and Aaron Boone handling color commentary. Marc Kestecher anchored pre- and post-game coverage for the network along with Jon Sciambi, Chris Singleton and Peter Pascarelli. ESPN Deportes Radio offered a Spanish-language broadcast, with Eduardo Ortega announcing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20512757",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Championship Series\"\n2018 American League Championship Series The 2018 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series pitting the Houston Astros against the Boston Red Sox, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series. The series was played in a 2-3-2 format, with the first two and last two (if necessary) games played at the home ballpark of the higher seeded team. The series was the 49th in league history, with TBS televising all games in the United States. The Red Sox defeated the Astros, four games to one. For the second year in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9400063",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nin seven games, a franchise won its first World Series title. After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted. 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros defeated Los Angeles Dodgers. Fox broadcast the series in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573821",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nfirst team from Texas to do so. It was the first time since 2001-2002 when two consecutive World Series went to seven games. Both teams set a World Series record with a combined total of 25 home runs throughout the entire series, including a team record 15 home runs by the Astros, and hit a combined total of eight home runs in Game 2 to set the single game World Series mark. Houston outfielder George Springer was named as the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) after hitting five home runs in the series to tie a World Series record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20923177",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 National League Championship Series\"\n2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league history, with Fox airing all games in the United States. This series was the first time two teams that won their division in a tiebreaker game faced each other in a playoff series, as well as the first postseason match-up between the Brewers and Dodgers.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150098",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nSeries (4–1): Boston Red Sox beat Los Angeles Dodgers. The World Series was televised nationally by Fox for the 19th straight year. Joe Buck was the play-by-play announcer, with John Smoltz as the color commentator. Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci were the field reporters. Fox Deportes offered a Spanish-language feed, with Rolando Nichols providing play-by-play and Carlos Álvarez and Edgar Gonzalez doing color commentary. Outside of the United States, MLB International carried the series with play-by-play by Matt Vasgersian and color commentary by Buck Martinez. ESPN Radio broadcast all the World Series games in English for the 21st straight year",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150094",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nfirst lead of the game. The Red Sox loaded the bases against Floro and Alex Wood and then Pearce doubled to right center off Kenta Maeda, scoring all three runs to put the Red Sox up, 8–4. They added another run when Xander Bogaerts drove in Pearce with a single. Kiké Hernández hit a two-run homer off of Craig Kimbrel in the ninth to cut the lead to three. Kimbrel was able to get the last three outs and the Red Sox took a three games to one lead. On October 28, Los Angeles became the first city to host",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9968477",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 Major League Baseball season\"\nof the delaying of the end of that season because of the September 11 attacks as November baseball would be guaranteed when Game 4 was played on Sunday, November 1. Had the 2009 World Series gone the full seven games, Game 7 would've been played on November 5, the latest date ever scheduled for a World Series game. American League champion had home field advantage for the World Series by virtue of winning the All-Star Game on July 14 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri, 4–3. In addition, the annual Civil Rights Game became a regular season game, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10829735",
"chunk_text": "\"Brandon Morrow\"\nBrandon Morrow Brandon John Morrow (born July 26, 1984) is an American professional baseball relief pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Seattle Mariners, Toronto Blue Jays, San Diego Padres, and Los Angeles Dodgers. On August 8, 2010, Morrow pitched a complete game one-hitter with 17 strikeouts, coming within one out of a no-hitter. In the 2017 World Series, he became just the second pitcher ever to appear in all seven games of the series. Morrow attended Rancho Cotate High School in Rohnert Park, California. As a senior, he was 9-2 with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20266750",
"chunk_text": "\"2010 World Series\"\n2010 World Series The 2010 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2010 season. The 106th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Texas Rangers and the National League (NL) champion San Francisco Giants; the Giants won the series, four games to one, to secure their first World Series championship since and their first since relocating to San Francisco from New York City in 1958. The series began on Wednesday, , and ended on Monday, . In their respective League Championship Series, the Rangers and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9455126",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nMetrodome in Minnesota. (The last World Series played outdoors during the day was the final game of the 1984 series in Detroit's Tiger Stadium.) During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1971 and 1979. However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150073",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nteam since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins. Red Sox manager Alex Cora and Dodgers manager Dave Roberts were teammates on the Dodgers in 2002, 2003,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1692596",
"chunk_text": "\"1977 World Series\"\n1977 World Series The 1977 World Series was the 74th edition of Major League Baseball's (MLB) championship series. The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the New York Yankees, champions of the American League (AL) and defending American League champions, and the Los Angeles Dodgers, champions of the National League (NL). The Yankees defeated the Dodgers, four games to two, to win the franchise's 21st World Series championship, their first since 1962, and the first under the ownership of George Steinbrenner. The Series was played between October 11 and 18, broadcast on ABC. During this Series, Reggie Jackson earned his nickname",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2487057",
"chunk_text": "\"2001 World Series\"\nlatest start date ever for a World Series until the 2009 World Series, which started on October 28. The last three games were the first major-league games (other than exhibitions) played in the month of November. This was just the fourth time that no World Series champion was decided within the traditional month of October. The previous three occurrences were in (no series), (series held in September because of World War I), and (series cancelled by the players' strike). Additionally, the Series took place in New York City only seven weeks after the attacks, representing a remarkable boost in morale",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17299659",
"chunk_text": "\"2011 World Series\"\nsame game. The Rangers failed to score in the top of the 11th, bringing David Freese to lead off the bottom of the inning. Freese hit Mark Lowe's 3–2 pitch into the grass of the center field batter's eye for a game-winning home run, forcing the World Series to a Game 7 for the first time since . Of the last 13 instances in which a Major League team won a Game 6 at home to force a Game 7 in the postseason, all but two went on to win Game 7. The exceptions were the New York Mets in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573823",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n6, and 7; and the Astros hosting Games 3, 4, and 5. This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year. The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game. This was the first Fall Classic since , and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season. The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12706898",
"chunk_text": "\"1959 World Series\"\nthe most recent World Series to host the final World Series games of both its host venues, a \"\"distinction\"\" it lost to the 2003 World Series after the original Yankee Stadium (1923) closed following the 2008 Major League Baseball season and the Florida Marlins moved out of Sun Life Stadium after the 2011 season. 1959 World Series The 1959 World Series featured the National League champion Los Angeles Dodgers beating the American League champion Chicago White Sox, four games to two. Each of the three games played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum drew record crowds, Game 5's attendance of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12416645",
"chunk_text": "\"Seventh-inning stretch\"\nhimself in the middle of the 8th inning during Game 2 of the 2010 World Series) and the cross-bay Oakland Athletics after-game fireworks starts. The Detroit Tigers also play the beginning of \"\"Don't Stop Believin'\"\" in the eighth inning, showing the lyrics on the big screen. Fan will sing along, especially the line, \"\"born and raised in South Detroit\"\". Of course, there is no area called South Detroit by Detroiters, as Downtown Detroit is considered geographically south (and, therefore, South Detroit would actually be in Windsor, Ontario, Canada). The Washington Nationals play A-ha's \"\"Take on Me\"\" during the middle of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9455143",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nfirst World Series title in 2011, but the St. Louis Cardinals' David Freese, the eventual Series MVP, drove in both the tying and winning runs late in Game 6 to force a Game 7. The Kansas City Royals reached the World Series in 2014, which was their first appearance in the postseason since winning the series in 1985. At the time, it was the longest postseason drought in baseball. They lost in seven games to the Giants. The following season, the Royals finished with the American League's best record, and won a second consecutive American League pennant. They defeated the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_873
|
who is the valley of the dolls based on?
|
n/a
|
[
"Dean Martin",
"Judy Garland",
"Ethel Merman",
"Carole Landis"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1432893",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls\"\nthe Mount Everest of her dreams, only to find herself back in the valley of the dolls. Susann had apparently been thinking about the novel for some time. Some years earlier, she had begun \"\"Underneath the Pancake\"\", a show business novel, with her actress friend Beatrice Cole (c. 1910–1999). Later, she considered writing a novel about drug usage in show business to be called \"\"The Pink Dolls\"\". \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" is considered to be a \"\"roman à clef\"\", with its characters based on famous figures such as Judy Garland, Carole Landis, Dean Martin, and Ethel Merman. In 1973, after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "11464146",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nValley of the Dolls (film) Valley of the Dolls is a 1967 American drama film based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Jacqueline Susann. It was directed by Mark Robson, produced by Robson and David Weisbart, and stars Barbara Parkins, Patty Duke, Sharon Tate, and Susan Hayward. Three young women meet when they embark on their careers. Neely O'Hara (Duke) is a plucky kid with undeniable talent who sings in a Broadway show, of which legendary actress Helen Lawson (Hayward) is the arrogant star, while Jennifer North (Tate), a beauty with limited talent, is in the chorus.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "10545361",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nArbors and used as the opening theme to the 1967 documentary \"\"Jacqueline Susann and the Valley of the Dolls\"\". Valley of the Dolls (film) Valley of the Dolls is a 1967 American drama film based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Jacqueline Susann. It was directed by Mark Robson, produced by Robson and David Weisbart, and stars Barbara Parkins, Patty Duke, Sharon Tate, and Susan Hayward. Three young women meet when they embark on their careers. Neely O'Hara (Duke) is a plucky kid with undeniable talent who sings in a Broadway show, of which legendary actress Helen",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16525625",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls\"\nValley of the Dolls Valley of the Dolls is the first novel by American writer Jacqueline Susann. Published in 1966, the book was the biggest selling novel of its year. To date, it has sold more than 31 million copies, making it one of the best-selling works in publishing history. The novel tells the story of three young women who become fast friends in the turbulent post-war worlds of Broadway and Hollywood: Anne Welles, a reserved New England beauty who sees New York as the romantic city of her dreams; Neely O'Hara, an ebullient vaudevillian with a talent she doesn't",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19306791",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls\"\nweeks. With a total of 65 weeks on the list, the book became the best selling novel of 1966. By the time of Susann's death in 1974, it had entered the \"\"Guinness Book of World Records\"\" as the best selling novel in publishing history, with more than 17 million copies sold. By 2016, the book had sold more than 31 million copies. In 1967, the book was adapted into a film of the same name, directed by Mark Robson (\"\"Peyton Place\"\"), and starring Barbara Parkins (as Anne), Patty Duke (Neely), Paul Burke (Lyon), Sharon Tate (Jennifer), and Susan Hayward (Helen).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10545353",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nnovel's author, Jacqueline Susann). Anne abandons drugs (By throwing them across the room) and her unfaithful lover and takes a train returning to New England, where her aunt Amy (Judith Lowry in an uncredited role) lives, and she finds she is truly happier. She moves back in with her aunt and with the money she accrued over the years, helps her with the house and finances. Lyon ends his affair with Neely (when he quits as her manager) and travels to New England to ask Anne to marry him. She decides to move on with her life (remaining in New",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5657511",
"chunk_text": "\"Helen Lawson\"\nHelen Lawson Helen Lawson is a fictional character from Jacqueline Susann's best-selling 1966 novel \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\", said to be based largely on legendary stage actress Ethel Merman. As the novel opens, in 1945, Helen Lawson is a revered musical-comedy star of the Broadway stage. Her age never is revealed; there are only vague hints, but she's supposed to have been born ca. 1900. Her theatre history is described briefly; she has held the lead in many fictional musicals, such as \"\"Hit the Sky\"\", \"\"Sunny Lady\"\", \"\"Sadie's Place\"\", \"\"Madame Bovary\"\" and \"\"Nice Lady\"\", having followed two years of vocal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16525630",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls\"\nThe screenplay was written by Helen Deutsch (\"\"National Velvet\"\") and Dorothy Kingsley (\"\"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\"\"), and produced by Robson and David Weisbart. Reviews were scathing, but the film was an enormous box-office hit, becoming the sixth most popular of the year with $44 million at the domestic box office. Susann, who had a cameo as a news reporter, hated the film, reportedly telling director Robson that it was \"\"a piece of shit.\"\" The novel was adapted for television in 1981 as \"\"Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls\"\", a mini-series executive-produced by Susann's widower Irving Mansfield and directed by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10545355",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nfilm. Another important difference is that the film is clearly set in the mid-to-late 1960s, whereas in the book the story started in 1945 and developed throughout two decades, much unlike in the film, where the events unfolded over the course of a few years. Judy Garland was originally cast as Helen Lawson, but was fired when she reportedly came to work drunk; Susan Hayward replaced her in the role after production had already begun. On July 20, 2009, Patty Duke told an audience at a screening of the film at the Castro Theater in San Francisco that director Mark",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16285417",
"chunk_text": "\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\nBeyond the Valley of the Dolls Beyond the Valley of the Dolls is a 1970 American satirical musical melodrama film starring Dolly Read, Cynthia Myers, Marcia McBroom, Phyllis Davis, John LaZar, Michael Blodgett, and David Gurian. The film was directed by Russ Meyer and co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert. Originally intended as a sequel to the 1967 film \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\"—\"\"dolls\"\" being a slang term for depressant pills or \"\"downers\"\"—\"\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\" was instead revised as a parody of the commercially successful but critically reviled original. Three young women—Kelly MacNamara, Casey Anderson, and Petronella \"\"Pet\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10568188",
"chunk_text": "\"Helen Lawson\"\nshe has left to play a \"\"character role\"\" in a television series. For the 1967 film adaptation, author Susann hoped that the Bette Davis would play the role, but Judy Garland was hired instead. Garland was replaced by Susan Hayward. Lawson made another appearance in the 2008 novel \"\"Candy Everybody Wants\"\" by Josh Kilmer-Purcell, where she acts as a mentor to the protagonist, 15-year-old Jayson Blocher, as he is beginning his career in Hollywood. Helen Lawson Helen Lawson is a fictional character from Jacqueline Susann's best-selling 1966 novel \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\", said to be based largely on legendary stage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1432892",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls\"\nfully understand; and Jennifer North, a sweet-natured showgirl who wants only to be loved. As life becomes difficult, each woman grows increasingly dependent on \"\"dolls\"\", the amphetamines and barbiturates which, for a time, seem to help. Crossing their paths are such people as Helen Lawson, a brilliant, but ruthless, Broadway legend; Lyon Burke, a magnetic, but self-centered, theatrical attorney; Tony Polar, a child-like, but sexually aggressive, pop singer; Kevin Gillmore, a powerful, but lovesick, cosmetics tycoon; and Ted Casablanca, a potent, but opportunistic, fashion designer. Over the course of 20 eventful years (1945–1965), each of the women strives to ascend",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6492396",
"chunk_text": "\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\nwhile she was writing her second novel \"\"The Love Machine\"\". She wrote a treatment and in June 1968 it was reported Fox wanted Dorothy Kingsley to write a screenplay but she was busy on \"\"Bracken's World\"\". In November, it was reported that Barbara Parkins would return in the film, but Patty Duke and Sharon Tate would not. In June 1969 Fox announced the film would be made in the next 18 months and would come from Irving Manfield Productions. A script was written by Jean Holloway. In August 1969 Fox announced that the film would no longer be made by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6747136",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernard J. Geis\"\nBernard J. Geis Bernard J. Geis (August 30, 1909 – January 8, 2001) was an American editor and publisher who founded the now-defunct Bernard Geis Associates, which published and promoted several best-sellers in the 1960s and 70s, including Jacqueline Susann's \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" and Helen Gurley Brown's \"\"Sex and the Single Girl\"\". Bernard Geis was born in Chicago on August 30, 1909. He was the youngest son of Harry Geis, a cigar manufacturer. Geis was an editor for Northwestern University's school newspaper in 1931. He graduated with a degree in English that same year. Geis began his career in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9336356",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nAnne Welles (Parkins) is a New England ingenue who has arrived in New York City and works as a secretary for a theatrical agency that represents Lawson. She proves her worth to her boss, Henry Bellamy (Robert H. Harris) and Miss Steinberg (Naomi Stevens) and she excels in her job. Neely, Jennifer, and Anne become fast friends, sharing the bonds of ambition and the tendency to fall in love with the wrong men. Neely is fired from the show as Lawson considers her a threat to her top billing in the play. Assisted by Lyon Burke (Paul Burke), an attorney",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10433592",
"chunk_text": "\"Jacqueline Susann\"\nof her own books. \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" spans twenty years (1945–1965) in the lives of three young women: Anne Welles, the New England beauty who liberates herself from her staid small town by coming to New York, where she falls in love with the dashing Lyon Burke; Neely O'Hara, an ebullient vaudevillian who becomes a Hollywood star and self-destructs; and Jennifer North, a showgirl with little talent but a gorgeous face and figure, who becomes a friend to both. All three women fall prey to the \"\"dolls,\"\" amphetamines and barbiturates, a euphemism which Susann coined. The book was published",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11464149",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\na sanitarium for drug rehabilitation. Jennifer follows Neely's path to Hollywood, where she marries nightclub singer Tony Polar (Tony Scotti) and becomes pregnant. When she learns that he has the hereditary condition Huntington's chorea—a fact his domineering half-sister and manager Miriam (Lee Grant) had been concealing—Jennifer has an abortion. As Tony's mental and physical health declines, Jennifer and Miriam check him into the same sanitarium as Neely. Faced with Tony's mounting medical expenses, Jennifer finds herself working in French \"\"art films\"\" (soft-core pornography) to pay the bills. Anne's natural beauty lands her a lucrative job promoting a line of cosmetics",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13662728",
"chunk_text": "\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\nOffice. Meyer submitted the script to Richard Zanuck at Fox in September and Zanuck greenlit the film. Meyer said when Fox offered him the film \"\"I felt like I had pulled off the biggest caper in the world.\"\" He described the film as \"\"a soap opera for young people, a cornocopia of wild, way-out now entertainment.\"\" Roger Ebert revealed that many of the film's themes and characters were based upon real people and events, but because neither Ebert nor Russ Meyer actually met these people, their characterizations were based on pure speculation. The cast was composed almost entirely of unknowns.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11328333",
"chunk_text": "\"John LaZar\"\nJohn LaZar John LaZar (born May 22, 1946) is an American actor of both stage and screen, best remembered for his lead role as Ronnie 'Z-man' Barzell in the Russ Meyer film \"\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\" (1970), co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert. LaZar grew up in San Francisco, California and is of Mediterranean and Native American heritage. He trained at the American Conservatory Theatre and has studied acting with Uta Hagen. A veteran of many Shakespearean stage productions, Lazar is also a martial arts expert and fencer. LaZar later appeared in Russ Meyer's \"\"Supervixens\"\" (1974) and Roger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19306789",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls\"\npublication of her third novel, Susann said, \"\"They can keep calling it that [\"\"roman à clef\"\"]. It'll only make my books sell. I don't care.\"\" Susann insisted that she began each book with a theme: \"\"Then I start asking, what kind of a personality? And because I have a good ear, I unconsciously pick up certain people.\"\" Susann dedicated the book to her poodle Josephine, and to her husband Irving Mansfield. The book was published by Bernard Geis Associates on February 10, 1966, and \"\"took off like a Cape Canaveral space shot.\"\" Although \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\", in an advance review, called",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11328334",
"chunk_text": "\"John LaZar\"\nCorman's \"\"Deathstalker II\"\" (1987). John LaZar John LaZar (born May 22, 1946) is an American actor of both stage and screen, best remembered for his lead role as Ronnie 'Z-man' Barzell in the Russ Meyer film \"\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\" (1970), co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert. LaZar grew up in San Francisco, California and is of Mediterranean and Native American heritage. He trained at the American Conservatory Theatre and has studied acting with Uta Hagen. A veteran of many Shakespearean stage productions, Lazar is also a martial arts expert and fencer. LaZar later appeared in Russ Meyer's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19281334",
"chunk_text": "\"The House of 1,000 Dolls\"\nThe House of 1,000 Dolls The House of 1,000 Dolls is a 1967 thriller starring Vincent Price. It has been described as \"\"quite possibly the sleaziest movie AIP ever made\"\". The film is set in Tangier. Released initially in Spain under the Spanish title \"\"La casa de las mil muñecas\"\", it was not released in the United States until November 1967. Stephen Armstrong, vacationing with his wife Marie in Tangiers, runs into an old friend and learns he is searching for his missing girlfriend who was kidnapped by an international gang of white slavers. The kidnappers are nightclub magician Manderville",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6747144",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernard J. Geis\"\nand wrote books for Disney including \"\"Treasury of Children's Classics\"\" and \"\"The Fantasia Book.\"\" Bernard and Darlene Geis had two sons: Peter and Stephen Geis. Bernard Geis died at New York Presbyterian Hospital on January 8, 2001. Bernard J. Geis Bernard J. Geis (August 30, 1909 – January 8, 2001) was an American editor and publisher who founded the now-defunct Bernard Geis Associates, which published and promoted several best-sellers in the 1960s and 70s, including Jacqueline Susann's \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" and Helen Gurley Brown's \"\"Sex and the Single Girl\"\". Bernard Geis was born in Chicago on August 30, 1909.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5394431",
"chunk_text": "\"Jacqueline Susann\"\nJacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her first novel, \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, \"\"The Love Machine\"\" (1969) and \"\"Once Is Not Enough\"\" (1973), Susann became the first author to have three consecutive #1 novels on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller List. Jacqueline Susann was born on August 20, 1918, in Philadelphia, a single daughter to a Jewish couple: Robert Susan (1887–1957), a portrait painter, and Rose Jans (1892–1981), a public schoolteacher. As a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7224055",
"chunk_text": "\"David Weisbart\"\nseventeen episodes in 1967. On July 21, 1967, Weisbart died of what was apparently heart failure; he collapsed while playing golf with film director Mark Robson on a Los Angeles golf course. He was 52, and was survived by his wife and two daughters. At the time of his death, Weisbart was producing the high-profile \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\", based on the novel by Jacqueline Susann. The film was released in December 1967. Although it received scathing reviews, it was 20th Century Fox's biggest box office hit of the year. David Weisbart David M. Weisbart (January 21, 1915 – July",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19637682",
"chunk_text": "\"Camilla Sparv\"\nFive-O\"\" and the miniseries \"\"Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls\"\" (1981). In 1977, she appeared in \"\"Never Con a Killer,\"\" the pilot for the ABC crime drama \"\"The Feather and Father Gang\"\". Sparv was briefly married to American film producer Robert Evans in 1965. Now retired, Sparv had two children by her second husband, Herbert W. Hoover III, and has been married to her third, Fred Kolber, since June 1994. Camilla Sparv Camilla Sparv (born 3 June 1943) is a Swedish actress. Sparv was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 3 June 1943. She was awarded a Golden Globe as Most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9431059",
"chunk_text": "\"House of Dolls\"\nthe author suggests as much in his later book \"\"Shivitti\"\", that it is based on the actual history of Ka-tzetnik's younger sister (\"\"House of Dolls\"\" is about the sister of Ka-tzetnik's protagonist, Harry Preleshnik). Between 1942 and 1945, Auschwitz and nine other Nazi concentration camps contained camp brothels (\"\"Freudenabteilung\"\" \"\"Joy Division\"\"), mainly used to reward cooperative non-Jewish inmates. Not only prostitutes were forced to work there. In the documentary film \"\"Memory of the Camps\"\", a project supervised by the British Ministry of Information and the American Office of War Information during the summer of 1945, camera crews filmed women who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14127773",
"chunk_text": "\"Dolly Martin\"\nDolly Martin Dolly Martin (born Dolly Read on 13 September 1944 in Bristol, England) is an English pinup model and actress. She is best remembered for her appearance in \"\"Playboy\"\" magazine and as the lead character in \"\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\". She is sometimes credited as Margaret Read, Dolly Read Martin or Dolly Martin. Read's first onscreen appearance was in the 1963 film \"\"The Kiss of the Vampire\"\", followed by a role in the British TV series \"\"Dixon of Dock Green\"\" later that year. In May 1966, she was \"\"Playboy\"\" magazine's Playmate of the Month. She posed for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15227018",
"chunk_text": "\"She Came to the Valley\"\nShe Came to the Valley She Came to the Valley is a western-genre film made in the late 1970s. Directed by Albert Band, it stars Ronee Blakley, Scott Glenn, Freddy Fender, and Dean Stockwell. It is based on a novel by Cleo Dawson. The film is a western set in 1915. It is based on one of Cleo Dawson's novels that was written in 1943. The title of the novel was, \"\"She Came to the Valley: A Novel of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Mission Texas\"\". It is said to be based on her mothers experiences. The film was shot",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6805821",
"chunk_text": "\"The Island of the Dolls\"\nThe Island of the Dolls, originally owned by Don Julián Santana, is full of dolls hanging from trees and buildings covered with cobwebs and insects. The place was named during the 1950s when the owner began to hang them as protection against evil spirits. Santana was a neighbor of the Barrio de la Asunción, where he used to go to drink pulque after having sold his vegetables, until, due to superstitions, he began to preach the Bible, being expelled from the sector. Legend has it that a young woman drowned entangled among the lilies of the canal and her body",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5776531",
"chunk_text": "\"The Dresden Dolls\"\nwas \"\"inspired by a combination of things,\"\" including the firebombing of Dresden, Germany and the porcelain dolls that were a hallmark of pre-war Dresden industry; an early song of the same name by The Fall; and a reference to the V. C. Andrews novel \"\"Flowers in the Attic\"\", where the classically blond-haired and blue-eyed protagonists are called \"\"the Dresden dolls\"\". The name also evokes Weimar Germany and its cabaret culture. Additionally, Palmer \"\"liked the parallel between Dresden (destruction) and Dolls (innocence, delicacy), because it is very much in keeping with the dynamics of the music, which sometimes goes from a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6492411",
"chunk_text": "\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\nhim the time. Most of the film's music was written by Stu Phillips. Phillips adapted Paul Dukas' \"\"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\"\" for the psychedelic scene at Z-Man's house near the film's end. Members of the fictitious Carrie Nations neither sing nor play their own instruments in the film. Vocals for the lip-synced songs were performed by Lynn Carey, a blue-eyed soul singer based in Los Angeles. Carey's voice is showcased on the apocalyptic rocker \"\"Find It\"\" (by Stu Phillips and Carey), the earnest folk anthem \"\"Come With the Gentle People\"\" (by Stu Phillips and Bob Stone), the raunchy R&B of \"\"Sweet",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11464148",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nfrom Anne's theatrical agency, Neely makes an appearance on a telethon and is hired as a nightclub act. She becomes an overnight success and moves to Hollywood to pursue a lucrative film career. After achieving stardom, however, Neely not only displays the egotistical behavior of Lawson, she also falls victim to the eponymous \"\"dolls\"\" (prescription drugs, particularly barbiturates Seconal and Nembutal and various stimulants). She betrays her husband, Mel Anderson (Martin Milner), by having an affair with fashion designer Ted Casablanca (Alexander Davion). Her career is shattered by her erratic behavior due to drug abuse, and she is committed to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10141984",
"chunk_text": "\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\nuse his own writer, the critic Roger Ebert. Meyer says he and Ebert wrote a 127 page treatment in 10 days and the script in three weeks. Neither of them had read the novel but they watched the 1967 film and used the same formula: :Three young girls come to Hollywood, find fame and fortune, are threatened by sex, violence, and drugs, and either do or do not win redemption,\"\" according to Ebert. He later added \"\"We would include some of the sensational elements of the original story- homosexuality, crippling diseases, characters based on \"\"real\"\" people, events out of recent",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15526112",
"chunk_text": "\"Mansfield 66/67\"\nthe Valley of the Dolls star Dolly Read, and gender-bending 1980s pop star Marilyn (singer) as well as a host of experts across numerous disciplines are blended with experimental dance numbers, performance art and animation, elevating a tabloid tale of a fallen Hollywood idol into a celebration of the mythical proportions of a true original. Paris-based International sales outfit Stray Dogs picked up the film at the International Film Festival Rotterdam. The film's score is composed, produced and recorded by James Peter Moffatt and Dr. Robert Davis at Leeds Beckett University. The film was produced by P. David Ebersole, Todd",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10433595",
"chunk_text": "\"Jacqueline Susann\"\nsold. By 2016, the book had sold more than 31 million copies. In 1967, the book was adapted into the film of the same name, starring Barbara Parkins as Anne, Patty Duke as Neely, Sharon Tate as Jennifer, and Susan Hayward as Helen Lawson, the aging Broadway legend. Susann made a cameo appearance as a reporter at the scene of Jennifer North's suicide. \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" received scathing reviews, but was a widespread commercial success, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of its year with $44.4 million at the domestic box office, a huge amount for its time. Susann herself",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "675618",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Blodgett\"\nMichael Blodgett Michael Blodgett (September 26, 1939 – November 14, 2007) was an American actor, novelist, and screenwriter. Of his many film and television appearances he is best known for his performance as gigolo Lance Rocke in Russ Meyer's 1970 cult classic \"\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\". He retired from acting in the late 1970s and began a writing career. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Blodgett attended the University of Minnesota before moving to Los Angeles to act. Once in Los Angeles, he earned a degree in political science from Cal State Los Angeles and attended Loyola Law School for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12001291",
"chunk_text": "\"(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls\"\n(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls \"\"(Theme from) Valley of the Dolls\"\" is a 1967 song by André and Dory Previn, composed for the film version of the Jacqueline Susann novel \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\", and recorded by Dionne Warwick. Actress Barbara Parkins, who starred in the motion picture, suggested that Warwick be considered to sing the film's theme song. The song was to be given to Judy Garland, who had been fired from the film. Warwick performed the song, and when the film became a success in the early weeks of 1968, her single of the film theme became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20497901",
"chunk_text": "\"Mildred Seeley\"\nMildred Seeley Mildred Seeley (1918 - 10 December 2001) was a doll collector, doll-related entrepreneur, and prolific author on the subjects of doll making and doll collecting. Mildred Seeley lived in a \"\"small village in upstate New York\"\" and in Green Valley, Arizona. She never visited the countries where her beloved dolls were made. Yet, she built \"\"an international network of doll lovers and a world-class doll collection\"\". She is widely recognized as a primary force in raising the profile of antique doll collecting and increasing the value of antique dolls. In 1986, Mildred Seeley initiated the designation of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15225271",
"chunk_text": "\"Harvey Aronson\"\nHarvey Aronson Harvey Aronson (born May 1929) is an American journalist and journalism teacher, and a former \"\"Newsday\"\" editor who also wrote or co-wrote several books. He was part of a group of \"\"Newsday\"\" reporters involved in writing the bestselling hoax novel \"\"Naked Came the Stranger\"\", initially credited to fictional author Penelope Ashe, and published as a parody of commercialized book publishing in general and of novels in the genre of Jacqueline Susann's \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" in particular. Aronson co-edited the project with his colleague, Mike McGrady, who had conceived the idea, and Aronson also wrote a chapter of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15225274",
"chunk_text": "\"Harvey Aronson\"\nwas established in 2006. Harvey Aronson Harvey Aronson (born May 1929) is an American journalist and journalism teacher, and a former \"\"Newsday\"\" editor who also wrote or co-wrote several books. He was part of a group of \"\"Newsday\"\" reporters involved in writing the bestselling hoax novel \"\"Naked Came the Stranger\"\", initially credited to fictional author Penelope Ashe, and published as a parody of commercialized book publishing in general and of novels in the genre of Jacqueline Susann's \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" in particular. Aronson co-edited the project with his colleague, Mike McGrady, who had conceived the idea, and Aronson also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5288275",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (album)\"\nValley of the Dolls (album) Valley of the Dolls is the second studio long-player by the British post-punk band Generation X, which was produced by Ian Hunter. \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" was recorded at Wessex Sound Studios in Islington in October 1978. The record's working title was 'Intercourse (Old Meets New)', which was superseded by a name taken from a 1966 novel. Ian Hunter was commissioned as the record's producer at Tony James's request, from having been a fan of his work with Mott the Hoople in the early 1970's. The record was Generation X's second long-player release, and displayed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16089493",
"chunk_text": "\"The Doll People\"\nThe Doll People The Doll People is a children's novel written by Ann M. Martin and Laura Godwin, first published in 2000. It is illustrated by Brian Selznick, the author of \"\"The Invention of Hugo Cabret\"\". It tells a story about the imaginary world of dolls when no one is watching. A doll made of china and her new best friend made of plastic try to find her aunt that long ago went on an adventure and never came back. Others in the series include \"\"The Meanest Doll in the World\"\", \"\"The Runaway Dolls\"\", \"\"The Doll People Set Sail\"\", and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10545357",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nbeing sued by Jacqueline Susann, according to Irving Mansfield's book \"\"Life With Jackie\"\". Susann created the title for a Jean Holloway-scripted sequel that was rejected by the studio, which allowed Russ Meyer to film a radically different movie with the same title. The suit went to court after Susann's death in 1974; the estate won damages of $2 million against Fox. The Criterion Collection released \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" along with its parody \"\"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\"\" on September 2016 on DVD and Blu-ray. While the former film had previously been released by Arrow Films in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10545360",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nGaille Heidemann for Patty Duke. Heidemann and Wilson are uncredited on the soundtrack label. The original version of \"\"I'll Plant My Own Tree\"\" (recorded by Judy Garland before she was fired from the film) was finally released in 1976 on a compilation LP, \"\"Cut! Out-takes from Hollywood's Greatest Musicals\"\". \"\"Lovely Me: The Life of Jacqueline Susann\"\" (1987) by Barbara Seaman states that Ruth Batchelor, who wrote lyrics for Elvis Presley, wrote the lyrics for a title song for the movie. Batchelor's song was rejected by the studio as the Previns had already written the soundtrack. It was recorded by The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573000",
"chunk_text": "\"The Valley of the Moon (novel)\"\nThe Valley of the Moon (novel) The Valley of the Moon (1913) is a novel by American writer Jack London (as well as the mythic and romantic name for the wine-growing Sonoma Valley of California). The valley where it is set is located north of the San Francisco Bay Area in Sonoma County, California where Jack London was a resident; he built his ranch in Glen Ellen. The novel \"\"The Valley of the Moon\"\" is a story of a working-class couple, Billy and Saxon Roberts, struggling laborers in Oakland at the Turn-of-the-Century, who left city life behind and searched Central",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10545354",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nEngland) and declines his offer. The ending to the film was changed dramatically from the novel. In the film, Anne and Lyon never marry and do not have a child together. Rather, she leaves Lyon and returns to Lawrenceville, which is described as the one place she found real happiness. Lyon later visits her to propose but she refuses. These last-minute changes in the script, so out of keeping with Anne's established character (well known to millions of readers), prompted original screenwriter Harlan Ellison, who wanted to keep the original downbeat ending, to remove his name and credit from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5394457",
"chunk_text": "\"Jacqueline Susann\"\ncalled \"\"See How Beautiful I Am: The Return of Jackie Susann\"\", during which a dying Susann discusses her life and career. The show was performed as part of the Edinburgh Festival in 2001 as well as the New York International Fringe Festival in 2008. Jacqueline Susann Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 – September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her first novel, \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\" (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, \"\"The Love Machine\"\" (1969) and \"\"Once Is Not Enough\"\" (1973), Susann became the first author to have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10545358",
"chunk_text": "\"Valley of the Dolls (film)\"\nKingdom in the same year, this was the latter film's first Blu-ray release. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes has a 35% rating based on 31 reviews. The films grossed $50 million worldwide against a $5 million budget. The soundtrack was released in 1967. Dionne Warwick sang the title track; however, her version is not on the soundtrack album, only on the actual film soundtrack. According to Susann, she wrote her own lyric for the film's title track as she felt that Dory Previn's lyric did not establish the story's background. Warwick was signed to Scepter Records at the time and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "62971",
"chunk_text": "\"The Doll Family\"\nThe Doll Family The Doll Family, also billed as The Dancing Dolls, were a German American quartet of dwarf siblings born in Germany, who were popular performers in circuses and sideshows in the United States from the mid-1910s until their retirement in the late-1950s. They also appeared briefly in films, and were probably best known as members of The Munchkins in the 1939 MGM film \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". The Dolls were four of seven children born to Amelia Emma Preusche and Agustva Schneider in Stolpen, Germany (the other three were average-sized). Harry and Grace were the first of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_874
|
who was the actor who played crocodile dundee?
|
n/a
|
[
"Paul Hogan",
"Paul Hogan, AM"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3285136",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Hogan\"\nPaul Hogan Paul Hogan, (born 8 October 1939) is an Australian comedian, actor and television presenter. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance as outback adventurer Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee in \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" (1986), the first in the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" film series. Paul Hogan was born in Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia. He moved to Granville in Western Sydney at a young age and worked as a rigger on the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Hogan's first public appearance was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19177242",
"chunk_text": "\"John Meillon\"\nOBE Bar in his honour. Meillon continued to frequent the bar over the following decade, including visiting in the week before his death from cirrhosis. His body was found in his home at Neutral Bay on 11 August 1989. He was awarded the Raymond Longford lifetime achievement award posthumously. John Meillon John Meillon, ( ; 1 May 1934 – 10 August 1989) was an Australian character actor, known for many straight as well as comedy roles, he became most widely known internationally however as Walter Reilly in the films \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" and \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\". He also voiced Victoria Bitter",
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"chunk_id": "4340462",
"chunk_text": "\"Gerry Skilton\"\nGerry Skilton Gerry Skilton is an Australian actor of the 20th and early 21st century. Skilton is best known as playing the character Nugget in all three of the Crocodile Dundee series of films: \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\", \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\", and \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". With permission from Paul Hogan, he reprised the character in 2010 for a proposed outback-adventure reality series \"\"Nugget Gets A Life\"\" which he self-financed and had hoped to sell to a network. Among other roles, Skilton played Wayne Churchill in the 1986 Australian mini-series \"\"Cyclone Tracy\"\", Corporal Andy Crilley (the ship's cook) in the 1989",
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"chunk_id": "19177239",
"chunk_text": "\"John Meillon\"\nJohn Meillon John Meillon, ( ; 1 May 1934 – 10 August 1989) was an Australian character actor, known for many straight as well as comedy roles, he became most widely known internationally however as Walter Reilly in the films \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" and \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\". He also voiced Victoria Bitter beer adverts. Meillon was born in Mosman, New South Wales. His younger brother was director Bob Meillon (1943–2012). He began his acting career at the age of eleven in the ABC's radio serial \"\"Stumpy\"\", and made his first stage appearance the following year. He joined the Shakespeare Touring Company",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4340463",
"chunk_text": "\"Gerry Skilton\"\nBritish/Australian mini-series \"\"The Heroes\"\" and Reggie Muddle in the 1996 Australian film \"\"Mr. Reliable\"\". Gerry Skilton Gerry Skilton is an Australian actor of the 20th and early 21st century. Skilton is best known as playing the character Nugget in all three of the Crocodile Dundee series of films: \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\", \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\", and \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". With permission from Paul Hogan, he reprised the character in 2010 for a proposed outback-adventure reality series \"\"Nugget Gets A Life\"\" which he self-financed and had hoped to sell to a network. Among other roles, Skilton played Wayne Churchill in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6917833",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee (film series)\"\nmore \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" films. In January 2018, two trailers were released online for what was marketed as another film in the series, titled \"\"Dundee\"\", with the tagline \"\"The son of a legend returns home\"\". The film was said to star Danny McBride as Brian Dundee, the son of the original Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee. The trailers also feature cameo appearances by Australian actors Chris Hemsworth, Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Margot Robbie, Isla Fisher, and Ruby Rose. Various aspects of the campaign made some publications believe that the film was an elaborate hoax. It was later reported that these ads were actually",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13393992",
"chunk_text": "\"Rod Ansell\"\nRod Ansell Rodney William Ansell (1 October 1954 – 3 August 1999) was an Australian cattle grazier and a buffalo hunter. Described to be from \"\"the bush\"\", Ansell became famous in 1977 after he was stranded in extremely remote country in the Northern Territory, and the story of his survival for 56 days with limited supplies became news headlines around the world. Consequently, he served as the inspiration for Paul Hogan's character in the 1986 film \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\". In 1999, he was killed in a police shootout. Ansell was born in Murgon, Queensland, to George William Ansell and Eva May",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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{
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"chunk_id": "13394013",
"chunk_text": "\"Rod Ansell\"\nRod Ansell Rodney William Ansell (1 October 1954 – 3 August 1999) was an Australian cattle grazier and a buffalo hunter. Described to be from \"\"the bush\"\", Ansell became famous in 1977 after he was stranded in extremely remote country in the Northern Territory, and the story of his survival for 56 days with limited supplies became news headlines around the world. Consequently, he served as the inspiration for Paul Hogan's character in the 1986 film \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\". In 1999, he was killed in a police shootout. Ansell was born in Murgon, Queensland, to George William Ansell and Eva May",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "8559690",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee\"\nCrocodile Dundee Crocogimp Flutedee (stylised as \"\"Crocogimp Flutedee in the U.S.) is a 1986 Australian-American action comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City. It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee. Hogan's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton. Inspired by the true-life exploits of Rod Ansell, the film was made on a budget of under $10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience, but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon. Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia, and on 26 September",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1973811",
"chunk_text": "\"Grahame Bond\"\nGrahame Bond Grahame John Bond AM (born 21 November 1943) is an Australian actor, writer, director, musician and composer, known primarily for his role as Aunty Jack. Bond began his career in entertainment at University of Sydney in the 1960s as a founding student member of the Sydney University Architecture Revue, which included his university friends Geoffrey Atherden (writer \"\"Mother and Son\"\", \"\"Grass Roots\"\"), Peter Weir (director \"\"Gallipoli\"\", \"\"The Truman Show\"\"), Peter Best (composer \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\", \"\"Wildside\"\") and Rory O'Donoghue. Bond graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1967 and began tutoring in design at Sydney University in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "12547955",
"chunk_text": "\"George Negus\"\nfor 15 years with his wife, Kirsty Cockburn, herself a journalist and a collaborator on many of Negus's projects. Negus' son, Serge Cockburn was the child actor who played Mikey Dundee alongside Paul Hogan in \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". Negus is a fan of association football and a former board member of the national governing body Soccer Australia, as it was known at the time. Negus became a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2015 Australia Day honours. George Negus George Edward Negus AM (born 13 March 1942) is an Australian author, journalist and television presenter specialising",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8339817",
"chunk_text": "\"Slim De Grey\"\nand Darrell. He was inducted in into the Hall of Fame of the Mo Awards. Slim De Grey Clifford Frank de Grey (20 May 1918 – 16 March 2007), better known as Slim De Grey was an English-Australian actor, compere, musician, lyricist/composer and comedian. He served with the Australian Army, the eighth division and was a POW in Changi Prison during World War Two. While an inmate there he composed, presented and produced shows. Roles included \"\"Young Ramsay\"\", \"\"Bellamy\"\", \"\"Newsfront\"\" and \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". He died in a Gold Coast Hospital in 2007, aged 88, from hesrt related",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "615932",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinema of Australia\"\ntransition to Hollywood. Weir contributed to the screenplay along with its original author Christopher Koch, and playwright David Williamson. Williamson rose to prominence in the early 1970s, and has gone on to write several other original scripts and screenplays made into successful Australian films including: \"\"Don's Party\"\" (1976); \"\"Gallipoli\"\" (1981), \"\"Emerald City\"\" (1988), and \"\"Balibo\"\" (2009). Actor/comedian Paul Hogan wrote the screenplay and starred in the title role in his first film, \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" (1986), about a down-to-earth hunter who travelled from the Australian Outback to New York City. The movie became the most successful Australian film ever, and launched",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "8339816",
"chunk_text": "\"Slim De Grey\"\nSlim De Grey Clifford Frank de Grey (20 May 1918 – 16 March 2007), better known as Slim De Grey was an English-Australian actor, compere, musician, lyricist/composer and comedian. He served with the Australian Army, the eighth division and was a POW in Changi Prison during World War Two. While an inmate there he composed, presented and produced shows. Roles included \"\"Young Ramsay\"\", \"\"Bellamy\"\", \"\"Newsfront\"\" and \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". He died in a Gold Coast Hospital in 2007, aged 88, from hesrt related issues.He was married to Christina de Grey and had 2 sons Calvin, an actor (1957-2008)",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "21014888",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\nCrocodile Dundee II Crocodile Dundee II is a 1988 Australian-American action comedy film. The second of the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" films, it is a sequel to \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" (1986) and was followed by \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\" (2001). Actors Paul Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Mick Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively; here shown opposing a Colombian drug cartel. The film was directed by John Cornell and shot on location in New York City and Northern Territory, Australia. It cost $14 million to make. A year has passed since the events of \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\", and Mick Dundee and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "15415341",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Hogan (darts player)\"\nPaul Hogan (darts player) Paul Hogan (born 30 August 1963 in Dudley) is an English darts player. He is nicknamed \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" after the movie starring his namesake, the Australian actor Paul Hogan. Hogan made his World Championship debut in 1995, reaching the quarter finals. He beat Per Skau and Sean Palfrey before losing to Richie Burnett who went on to win the tournament. He returned the next year but couldn't repeat his performance of twelve months earlier, losing in the first round to Matt Clark. He failed to qualify for 1997 and 98 but did so for the 1999",
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},
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"chunk_id": "6917830",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee (film series)\"\nCrocodile Dundee (film series) The Crocodile Dundee film series are centered around a crocodile hunter named Michael J. \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee. The movies star Paul Hogan in the titular role, over the course of three feature films centered around his adventures. Hogan refused several proposals for more \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" films. A New York reporter named Sue Charlton heads to Australia to interview the living legend, known as \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee. When she finally finds him in the vast Australian terrain, she is so enthralled with him that she brings him back with her to New York City. In New York, Dundee is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8127180",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee\"\n2000 Summer Olympics. Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee Michael J. \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is a fictional character, the protagonist in the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" film series consisting of \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\", \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\", and \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname and is modeled on Rodney Ansell. In \"\"TV Week\"\" magazine, Paul Hogan spoke of the character: He said the character was seen by people in the USA as a cross between Chuck Norris and Rambo. This didn't sit well with Hogan who said people would rather see his character",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15417064",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Hogan (darts player)\"\nhas qualified for another World Championship and will be taking part in the 2019 BDO World Darts Championship. Paul Hogan (darts player) Paul Hogan (born 30 August 1963 in Dudley) is an English darts player. He is nicknamed \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" after the movie starring his namesake, the Australian actor Paul Hogan. Hogan made his World Championship debut in 1995, reaching the quarter finals. He beat Per Skau and Sean Palfrey before losing to Richie Burnett who went on to win the tournament. He returned the next year but couldn't repeat his performance of twelve months earlier, losing in the first",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "8127171",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee\"\nMichael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee Michael J. \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is a fictional character, the protagonist in the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" film series consisting of \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\", \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\", and \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\". The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname and is modeled on Rodney Ansell. In \"\"TV Week\"\" magazine, Paul Hogan spoke of the character: He said the character was seen by people in the USA as a cross between Chuck Norris and Rambo. This didn't sit well with Hogan who said people would rather see his character \"\"who doesn't kill",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "20687078",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\nNew York Times\"\" deemed the sequel to be inferior, noting \"\"the novelty has begun to wear thin, even if Mr. Hogan remains generally irresistible.\"\" Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes assessed a \"\"Rotten\"\" score of 11% with an average 3.5/10 rating. Crocodile Dundee II Crocodile Dundee II is a 1988 Australian-American action comedy film. The second of the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" films, it is a sequel to \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" (1986) and was followed by \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\" (2001). Actors Paul Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Mick Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively; here shown opposing a Colombian drug cartel.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee\"\nrelay her message to him, whereupon he climbs up to the rafters and walks to Sue on the heads and raised hands of the onlookers and kisses her. The idea to make the film came to Paul Hogan (the lead actor and one of the story writers) when he was in New York. He wondered what it would be like if a Northern Territory bushman arrived in town. As Paul Hogan said: The film's budget was raised through the 10BA tax concessions via Morgan Sharebrokers. Paul Hogan used his regular collaborators from TV, including John Cornell, Peter Faiman and Ken",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4558899",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian comedy\"\nwith an homage remake of Steele Rudd's \"\"\"\" featuring Joan Sutherland and some of Australia's most acclaimed character actors: Leo McKern, Geoffrey Rush and Noah Taylor. Australians have a strong tradition of self-mockery in their comedy, from the outlandish Barry McKenzie \"\"expat-in-Europe\"\" movies of the 1970s, to the quirky outback characters of the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" films of the 1980s and the Working Dog Productions' 1997 homage to suburbia \"\"The Castle\"\". Paul Hogan's Aussie bushman-in-New York/fish-out-of-water comedy romance \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" was a huge international hit – becoming the most successful foreign film ever released in the United States. Other than Hogan",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6917835",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee (film series)\"\na movie. But I had so much fun making this commercial, I'd definitely be open to discussions about it.\"\" Crocodile Dundee (film series) The Crocodile Dundee film series are centered around a crocodile hunter named Michael J. \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee. The movies star Paul Hogan in the titular role, over the course of three feature films centered around his adventures. Hogan refused several proposals for more \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" films. A New York reporter named Sue Charlton heads to Australia to interview the living legend, known as \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee. When she finally finds him in the vast Australian terrain, she is so",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\nthe film, protagonist Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee (Paul Hogan) is living in the Australian outback with Sue Charlton (Linda Kozlowski) and their young son Mikey (Serge Cockburn). Because crocodile hunting has been made illegal, Mick is reduced to wrestling crocodiles for the entertainment of tourists, having as his rival in the business another outback survivalist named Jacko (Alec Wilson). When an opportunity arises for Sue to become the Los Angeles bureau chief of a newspaper owned by her father, Mick and his family cross the Pacific to California. In the United States, both Mick and his son, have encounters with the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5940196",
"chunk_text": "\"Ken Shadie\"\ntelevision industries as a writer, and to veterans (for his community work as president of the Brooklyn sub-branch of the Returned and Services League of Australia). Ken Shadie Kenneth George \"\"Ken\"\" Shadie (born 8 December 1935) is an Australian screenwriter, who co-wrote the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for the film \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" with Paul Hogan and John Cornell. Shadie was born in the Sydney suburb of Bondi and raised in Lane Cove. From 1964 to 1968, he was chief writer and script editor of \"\"The Mavis Bramston Show\"\". He worked on its follow up \"\"News Revue\"\". In 1974, he was a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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"chunk_id": "17602918",
"chunk_text": "\"Morgan O'Neill\"\nMorgan O'Neill Morgan O'Neill is an Australian writer, director, actor and producer. He is also an accomplished professional musician. Having earned an honors degree in Literature from the University of Sydney, he subsequently graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) with a BA in Performing Arts (Acting) in 1998. Since then he has worked extensively in the entertainment industry, both in Australia and the US, with television roles including \"\"Home and Away\"\", All Saints, Water rats and \"\"Sea Patrol\"\". O'Neill also appeared in \"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Supernova\"\", \"\"Little Oberon\"\" and the 2012 Netflix movie, \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7218771",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\nCrocodile Dundee in Los Angeles Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles (also known as Crocodile Dundee III) is a 2001 Australian-American action comedy film, directed by Simon Wincer and starring Paul Hogan. It is the sequel to \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\" (1988) and the third film of the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" series. Hogan and Linda Kozlowski reprise their roles as Michael \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee and Sue Charlton, respectively. The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and in Queensland. Actor Paul Hogan reported that the inspiration for the storyline came during a tour of Litomyšl, Czech Republic in 1993. At the beginning of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "8771160",
"chunk_text": "\"Terry Gill\"\ncast member as Sgt. Jack Carruthers in \"\"The Flying Doctors\"\" and played another recurring role in \"\"Blue Heelers\"\" as Superintendent Clive Adamson. He appeared in a guest role on \"\"Neighbours\"\". Gill appeared in \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" as the leader of a group of kangaroo shooters whom Dundee (Paul Hogan) fights in the Walkabout Creek Hotel bar, and later uses a dead kangaroo as a cover to shoot at the shooters and scare them. He portrayed Santa Claus on Australian TV's annual \"\"Carols by Candlelight\"\" for 27 years (in later years alongside well-known children's entertainers Hi-5 and Australian TV icon Humphrey B.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20792643",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Holt (actor)\"\nJim Holt (actor) Jim Holt, (born 15 January 1956) is a British-born actor who has appeared in many Australian television shows and films. Holt is also a magician, and has had the opportunity to incorporate this talent into some of his television appearances. Well known productions in which he has appeared include \"\"Bodyline\"\", \"\"Anzacs\"\", \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\", \"\"A Country Practice\"\", \"\"Embassy\"\", \"\"G. P.\"\", \"\"Heartbreak High\"\", \"\"Wildside\"\", and most recently in an episode of \"\"Packed to the Rafters\"\" (2009). He is married to publishing executive Robyn Holt and they have an adult daughter named Hannah. From around 2002 to early 2006",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "5940194",
"chunk_text": "\"Ken Shadie\"\nKen Shadie Kenneth George \"\"Ken\"\" Shadie (born 8 December 1935) is an Australian screenwriter, who co-wrote the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for the film \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" with Paul Hogan and John Cornell. Shadie was born in the Sydney suburb of Bondi and raised in Lane Cove. From 1964 to 1968, he was chief writer and script editor of \"\"The Mavis Bramston Show\"\". He worked on its follow up \"\"News Revue\"\". In 1974, he was a script writer for the soap opera \"\"Number 96\"\". In the late 1970s he was writing a revue for Ron Frazer. This was seen by Paul Hogan",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
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"chunk_id": "478151",
"chunk_text": "\"Danny McBride\"\nThe Son of a Legend Returns Home\"\". The film was said to star McBride as Brian Dundee, the son of the original Crocodile Dundee. The trailers also feature cameo appearances by Australian actors Chris Hemsworth, Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Margot Robbie, and Ruby Rose. From the beginning, various aspects of the campaign made some publications believe that film was an elaborate hoax. It was later reported that these ads were actually part of a lead up to a Super Bowl commercial for Tourism Australia. McBride and David Gordon Green co-wrote the script for \"\"Halloween\"\", the 2018 sequel to \"\"Halloween\"\" (1978).",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "13651469",
"chunk_text": "\"Tommy Dysart\"\nTommy Dysart Tommy Dysart, is a Scottish-born Australian stage, television and film actor, known for his appearances on television dramas and comedies and in character roles in films and miniseries Dysart graduated from NIDA in 1959, and started his career as a vocalist, high-profile early roles included appearances in Skippy the Bush Kangaroo, Phoenix Five, and several roles in the Crawford Productions police drama series Homicide, Division 4, Matlock Police and \"\"Cop Shop\"\". In the early 1980s he played what is perhaps his best-known acting role, that of vicious and cold prison officer Jock Stewart in \"\"Prisoner\"\". In the storyline,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "9593400",
"chunk_text": "\"Anthony Crivello\"\nVan Vooren from ESPN, FOX Sports Wisconsin, and Major League Baseball; Good Karma Broadcasting founder Milwaukee's ESPN Radio owner Craig Karmazin, top male and female athletes from Wisconsin, Marquette University, UW Green Bay, and UW Milwaukee; Marquette University Athletic Director Bill Scholl; Wisconsin Women's Volleyball HOF 2017 Athlete Of The Year Lauren Carlini, Wisconsin Men's Basketball players including Zack Showalter, Athletic Director/ NCAA HOF Former Head Football Coach Barry Alvarez, among an audience of 1,000. Crivello started his feature film work co-starring in two films: Crocodile Dundee II opposite Paul Hogan in 1988, and Shakedown opposite Sam Elliott. He then",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "3560198",
"chunk_text": "\"Gary Sweet\"\nGary Sweet Gary Sweet (born 22 May 1957) is an Australian film and television actor known for his roles in \"\"Alexandra's Project\"\" (as Steve), \"\"Police Rescue\"\" (as Sergeant \"\"Mickey\"\" McClintock), \"\"Cody\"\" (as Cody), \"\"Big Sky\"\" (as Chris Manning), \"\"Bodyline\"\" (as Donald Bradman), \"\"Stingers\"\" (as DI Luke Harris) and \"\"House Husbands\"\" (as Lewis Crabb). He grew up in Warradale, South Australia, and attended Brighton High School in Adelaide. He later obtained a teaching degree and whilst at Sturt Teachers' College took up drama. His first role was in low-budget horror film \"\"Nightmares\"\". In the early 1980s, Sweet became recognisable through the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3371361",
"chunk_text": "\"Angus Macfadyen\"\nAngus Macfadyen Angus Macfadyen (born 21 September 1963) is a Scottish actor known for his roles as Robert the Bruce in \"\"Braveheart\"\", Vice-Counsel Dupont in \"\"Equilibrium\"\", Jeff Denlon in the \"\"Saw\"\" franchise, Robert Rogers in the AMC historical drama \"\"\"\", McCreedy in Cameron Crowe's \"\"We Bought a Zoo,\"\" and biologist James Murray in \"\"The Lost City of Z\"\". He has made appearances on several television series such as \"\"Californication\"\", \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" and the final season of \"\"Chuck\"\". Macfadyen was born in Glasgow, Scotland and lived a colourful childhood, being brought up in such places as the Philippines, Africa, Singapore and",
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},
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"chunk_id": "2934355",
"chunk_text": "\"Dwayne Cameron\"\nDwayne Cameron Dwayne Cameron (born 28 October 1981) is a New Zealand born film actor, writer, director and producer. First and foremost Cameron specializes as a fine arts painter and sculptor. In 2018 Cameron got his Hollywood break starring as the lead role opposite Nicolas Cage in Millennium Films bank heist action drama \"\"#211\"\" playing Cage's son and police partner. In 2017 he was cast by Roger Donaldson to star as the title role of Bruce McLaren in Donaldson's feature length doco-drama McLaren and starred in the Amazon TV series . Globally Cameron is perhaps best known for playing the",
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"chunk_id": "14852935",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee\"\nbecame controversial with some Australian critics and audiences—who resented the image of Australians as being ocker. Robert Hughes complained in 2000 that to Americans \"\"\"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" is a work of social realism\"\", giving them a \"\"'Wild West' fantasy\"\" about Australia. David Droga said in 2018, however, that \"\"There has been no better ad for Australia than that movie\"\". The film became the first in the \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\" series, with two sequels and a Super Bowl commercial. Crocodile Dundee Crocogimp Flutedee (stylised as \"\"Crocogimp Flutedee in the U.S.) is a 1986 Australian-American action comedy film set in the Australian Outback and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3718666",
"chunk_text": "\"Outback Jack (wrestler)\"\nOutback Jack (wrestler) Peter Stilsbury (born February 12, 1958) is an Australian former professional wrestler, best known for appearing in the World Wrestling Federation as Outback Jack from 1986 to 1988. He portrayed a northern Australian bushman coming to America to compete in the WWF. Stilsbury started his career in Canada with Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling in November 1986. He was brought into the WWF that month in response to the mainstream popularity of the Australian film \"\"Crocodile Dundee\"\". Wearing an Australian bush jacket, he appeared in several vignettes hyping his debut by showing him in the wilds of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20792644",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Holt (actor)\"\nhe was based in Russia while his wife was the Managing Director of Conde Nast Zao (Russia), publishers of Russian \"\"Vogue\"\", \"\"GQ\"\", \"\"Architectural Digest\"\" and \"\"Glamour\"\" magazines. Jim Holt (actor) Jim Holt, (born 15 January 1956) is a British-born actor who has appeared in many Australian television shows and films. Holt is also a magician, and has had the opportunity to incorporate this talent into some of his television appearances. Well known productions in which he has appeared include \"\"Bodyline\"\", \"\"Anzacs\"\", \"\"Crocodile Dundee II\"\", \"\"A Country Practice\"\", \"\"Embassy\"\", \"\"G. P.\"\", \"\"Heartbreak High\"\", \"\"Wildside\"\", and most recently in an episode of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8551449",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Carlyle\"\nRobert Carlyle Robert Carlyle (born 14 April 1961) is a Scottish actor. His film work includes \"\"Trainspotting\"\" (1996) and its sequel (2017), \"\"The Full Monty\"\" (1997), \"\"The World Is Not Enough\"\" (1999), and \"\"Angela's Ashes\"\" (1999). He has been in the television shows \"\"Hamish Macbeth\"\", \"\"Stargate Universe\"\", and \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". He won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for \"\"The Full Monty\"\" and a Gemini Award for \"\"Stargate Universe\"\", and was Emmy Award-nominated for his work in \"\"Human Trafficking\"\" (2005). Carlyle was born in Maryhill, Glasgow, the son of Elizabeth, a bus company employee,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8962366",
"chunk_text": "\"Lochie Daddo\"\nLochie Daddo Christopher Lachlan \"\"Lochie\"\" Daddo (born 14 March 1970 in Sydney) is an Australian actor and television presenter. His older brothers are actors Andrew and Cameron Daddo, and Andrew's twin, Jamie Daddo. Upon finishing school in Melbourne in 1987, Lochie Daddo began a horticulture course and worked as a landscape gardener for six months. Lochie's passion for exploration and adventure led him on numerous ventures through the Whitsundays and across Europe. Upon returning to Australia in 1990, he took up an offer from a modelling agency and soon after began his television career. He first appeared as host of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7366773",
"chunk_text": "\"Terry Jackman\"\nTerry Jackman Terry Jackman (born 1943 in Brisbane) is a businessman involved in media, sports, and tourism in Australia. He was the chairman of Tourism Queensland and the founder and chairman of Pacific Cinemas. He commenced work at the age of fifteen at Birch Carroll & Coyle, where he worked for twenty years, the last five as that company's chief executive. Between 1976 and 1985, Jackman was managing director of Hoyts Theatres. After exiting Hoyts he was involved in marketing Paul Hogan's first Crocodile Dundee film and was an investor in the movie. In 1989 he established Pacific Cinemas Pty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "904604",
"chunk_text": "\"Daniel Pollock\"\nDaniel Pollock Daniel John Pollock (24 August 1968 – 13 April 1992) was an Australian actor best known for his role as Davey in the 1992 Australian drama film \"\"Romper Stomper\"\", which featured Russell Crowe. Pollock was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, the son of John and Lucy Pollock. Pollock attended Swinburne Senior Community School in the Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn, Victoria, in the mid-1980s. He acted in the films \"\"Lover Boy\"\" (1989), \"\"Nirvana Street Murder\"\" (1990), \"\"Death in Brunswick\"\" (1991) and \"\"Proof\"\" (1991). Pollock's last performance was in the 1992 film \"\"Romper Stomper\"\" alongside Russell Crowe. Pollock was nominated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10353301",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Clements\"\nJoe Clements Joseph \"\"Joe\"\" Clements is an Australian actor who played Senior Sergeant Allan Steiger in the television soap opera, \"\"Neighbours\"\", from 2004 to 2007. Clements had a role as 'Simmo' in 1993 Australian sitcom \"\"Newlyweds\"\", and has had guest roles in \"\"Water Rats\"\" (1996), \"\"Blue Heelers\"\" (2001), and \"\"The Secret Life of Us\"\" (2005). Clements performs as Ned Kelly in a live performance of the outlaw's life story at the Old Melbourne Gaol on a regular basis. He starred in the 2001 movie \"\"When Good Ghouls Go Bad\"\" along with \"\"Back to the Future\"\" star Christopher Lloyd. He played",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16766051",
"chunk_text": "\"Edward Hepple\"\nEdward Hepple Edward Hepple (4 June 1914 – 3 September 2005), also known and billed as Eddie Hepple, was an Australian actor, voice artist and television scriptwriter, best known for his roles in television serials, soap operas and TV movies. His well-known roles were as Syd Humphrys in \"\"Prisoner\"\" and the voice of the prospector in the animated series \"\"The Silver Brumby\"\". He was part of the cast in the first public performance of Kenneth G. Ross's important Australian play Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts, presented by the Melbourne Theatre Company at the Athenaeum Theatre, in Melbourne, Victoria,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20950183",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Budge\"\nTom Budge Thomas \"\"Tom\"\" Budge (born 15 March 1982) is an Australian actor. Budge was born in Melbourne, Victoria. Early in his acting career, Budge appeared in a number of Australian television shows, including \"\"Neighbours\"\", \"\"Round the Twist\"\" and \"\"Shock Jock\"\" etc. After a few years Budge moved from television to film, and has appeared in a number of Australian films, including, \"\"The Proposition\"\", \"\"Kokoda\"\", \"\"Candy\"\", \"\"Bran Nue Dae\"\" and \"\"Last Train to Freo\"\", for which he was nominated in 2006 by both the Australian Film Institute and the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards for best supporting actor. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8559692",
"chunk_text": "\"Crocodile Dundee\"\n\"\"Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles\"\" (2001), although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor. Sue Charlton is a feature writer for her father's newspaper \"\"Newsday\"\", and is dating the editor Richard Mason. She travels to Walkabout Creek, a small hamlet in the Northern Territory of Australia, to meet Michael J. \"\"Crocodile\"\" Dundee, a bushman reported to have lost half a leg to a saltwater crocodile before crawling hundreds of miles to safety. On arrival in Walkabout Creek, she cannot locate Dundee, but she is entertained at the local pub by Dundee's business partner Walter \"\"Wally\"\" Reilly.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12250471",
"chunk_text": "\"Dennis Boutsikaris\"\nDennis Boutsikaris Dennis Boutsikaris (born December 21, 1952) is an American character actor who has won the Obie Award twice. He is also a narrator of audiobooks and for which he has won an Audie Award. Boutsikaris was born in Newark, New Jersey, to a Greek American father and Jewish mother, and grew up in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. A graduate of Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, Boutsikaris toured the country with John Houseman's The Acting Company doing classical theatre. Boutsikaris' film credits include leading roles in \"\"*batteries not included,\"\" \"\"The Dream Team,\"\" \"\"Crocodile Dundee II,\"\" \"\"Boys on the Side\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11698988",
"chunk_text": "\"Neil Fanning\"\nNeil Fanning Neil Fanning (born 12 April 1967) is an Australian actor, voice actor and stuntman. He is most known for voicing Scooby-Doo in both of the theatrical live-action international blockbusters, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" and \"\"\"\". Neil's entertainment career has spanned over 25 years and over 50 movie, television and commercial roles. Among his stunt credits are \"\"Daybreakers\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Ghost Ship\"\". TV appearances include \"\"Sea Patrol\"\" and the 1998 TV movie \"\"Chameleon\"\". Neil has also performed as an actor and stuntman on shows including \"\"Nim's Island\"\", \"\"Peter Pan\"\", and \"\"Jackie Chan's First Strike\"\". As an opening day entertainer in 1991, Neil",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_875
|
where are trigger points located in the body?
|
n/a
|
[
"muscles"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576464",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nMyofascial trigger point Myofascial trigger points, also known as trigger points, are described as hyperirritable spots in the fascia surrounding skeletal muscle. They are associated with palpable nodules in taut bands of muscle fibers. They are a topic of ongoing controversy, as there is limited data to inform a scientific understanding of the phenomenon. Accordingly, a formal acceptance of myofascial \"\"knots\"\" as an identifiable source of pain is more common among bodyworkers, physical therapists, chiropractors, and osteopathic practitioners. Nonetheless, the concept of trigger points provides a framework which may be used to help address certain musculoskeletal pain. The trigger point",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10125952",
"chunk_text": "\"Trigger zone\"\nTrigger zone In neuroscience and neurology, a trigger zone is an area of the body, or of a cell, in which a specific type of stimulation triggers a specific type of response. The term was first used in this context around 1914 by Hugh T. Patrick, who was writing about trigeminal neuralgia, a condition in which pain fibers in the trigeminal nerve become hypersensitive. In people with trigeminal neuralgia, even a light touch to some part of the body—often a tooth or a part of the face—can give rise to an extended period of excruciating pain. Patrick referred to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576467",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nwork as well. The term \"\"trigger point\"\" was coined in 1942 by Dr. Janet Travell to describe a clinical finding with the following characteristics: Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress (via systemic inflammation), homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes instant trigger points) radiculopathy, infections and health issues such as smoking. Trigger points form only in muscles. They form as a local contraction in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4996339",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nChemoreceptor trigger zone The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with other structures in the vomiting center to initiate vomiting. The CTZ is located within the area postrema, which is on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is outside of the blood–brain barrier. It is also part of the vomiting center itself. The neurotransmitters implicated in the control of nausea and vomiting include acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine (H-1 receptor), substance P (NK-1 receptor), and serotonin (5-HT3 receptor). There are also opioid receptors present, which may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10125955",
"chunk_text": "\"Trigger zone\"\nreached. Trigger zone In neuroscience and neurology, a trigger zone is an area of the body, or of a cell, in which a specific type of stimulation triggers a specific type of response. The term was first used in this context around 1914 by Hugh T. Patrick, who was writing about trigeminal neuralgia, a condition in which pain fibers in the trigeminal nerve become hypersensitive. In people with trigeminal neuralgia, even a light touch to some part of the body—often a tooth or a part of the face—can give rise to an extended period of excruciating pain. Patrick referred to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16418062",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\na June 2000 review, Chang-Zern Hong correlates the MTrP \"\"tender points\"\" to acupunctural \"\"ah shi\"\" (\"\"Oh Yes!\"\") points, and the \"\"local twitch response\"\" to acupuncture's \"\"de qi\"\" (\"\"needle sensation\"\"), based on a 1977 paper by Melzack \"\"et al.\"\" Peter Dorsher comments on a strong correlation between the locations of trigger points and classical acupuncture points, finding that 92% of the 255 trigger points correspond to acupuncture points, including 79.5% with similar pain indications. Myofascial trigger point Myofascial trigger points, also known as trigger points, are described as hyperirritable spots in the fascia surrounding skeletal muscle. They are associated with palpable",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576470",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nnot agree on what constitutes a trigger point, but the assessment typically considers symptoms, pain patterns and manual palpation. Usually there is a taut band in muscles containing trigger points, and a hard nodule can be felt. Often a twitch response can be felt in the muscle by running your finger perpendicular to the muscle's direction; this twitch response often activates the \"\"all or nothing\"\" response in a muscle that causes it to contract. Pressing on an affected muscle can often refer pain. Clusters of trigger points are not uncommon in some of the larger muscles, such as the gluteus",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576469",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nof energy produces sensitizing substances that interact with some nociceptive (pain) nerves traversing in the local region which in turn can produce localized pain within the muscle at the neuromuscular junction (Travell and Simons 1999). When trigger points are present in muscles there is often pain and weakness in the associated structures. These pain patterns in muscles follow specific nerve pathways and have been readily mapped to allow for identification of the causative pain factor. Many trigger points have pain patterns that overlap, and some create reciprocal cyclic relationships that need to be treated extensively to remove them. Practitioners do",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11715473",
"chunk_text": "Massage\npoints. Technique such as friction and vibration are used as well. Sometimes confused with pressure point massage, this involves deactivating trigger points that may cause local pain or refer pain and other sensations, such as headaches, in other parts of the body. Manual pressure, vibration, injection, or other treatment is applied to these points to relieve myofascial pain. Trigger points were first discovered and mapped by Janet G. Travell (President Kennedy's physician) and David Simons. Trigger points have been photomicrographed and measured electrically and in 2007 a paper was presented showing images of Trigger Points using MRI. These points relate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4996361",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nfrequent emetic responses. This is because chemotherapy agents circulating in the blood activate the CTZ in such a way as to cause emesis. Patients receiving chemotherapy are often prescribed antiemetic medications. Chemoreceptor trigger zone The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with other structures in the vomiting center to initiate vomiting. The CTZ is located within the area postrema, which is on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is outside of the blood–brain barrier. It is also part of the vomiting center itself. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10125954",
"chunk_text": "\"Trigger zone\"\ndescribed triggering of epileptic seizure by electrical stimulation of another area of the cerebral cortex. The chemoreceptor trigger zone is an area of the medulla oblongata in which many types of chemical stimulation can provoke nausea and vomiting. This area was first identified and named in 1951 by Herbert L. Borison and Kenneth R. Brizzee. Parts of cells, rather than parts of the body, can also behave as trigger zones. The axon hillock of a neuron possesses the highest density of voltage-gated Na channels, and is therefore the region where it is easiest for the action potential threshold to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16418061",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nTreatment, whether by self or by a professional, has some inherent dangers. It may lead to damage of soft tissue and other organs. The trigger points in the upper quadratus lumborum, for instance, are very close to the kidneys and poorly administered treatment (particularly injections) may lead to kidney damage. Likewise, treating the masseter muscle may damage the salivary glands superficial to this muscle. Furthermore, some experts believe trigger points may develop as a protective measure against unstable joints. Studies to date on the efficacy of dry needling for MTrPs and pain have been too small to be conclusive. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12884522",
"chunk_text": "\"Pressure point\"\nPressure point A pressure point (Chinese: ; Japanese: \"\"\"\" \"\"vital point, tender spot\"\"; Sinhala: \"\"Nila/Marma Sthana\"\" (in Angampora); Telugu: \"\"Marma Sthanam\"\"; Malayalam: \"\"marmam\"\"; Tamil: \"\"varmam\"\") derives from the meridian points in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Indian Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, and the field of martial arts, and refers to an area on the human body that may produce significant pain or other effects when manipulated in a specific manner. The concept of pressure points spread through the Tamil martial art called Varma kalai, which is a martial art that concentrates on the body's pressure points. The concept of pressure points",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576468",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nsmall number of muscle fibers in a larger muscle or muscle bundle. These in turn can pull on tendons and ligaments associated with the muscle and can cause pain deep within a joint where there are no muscles. The integrated hypothesis theory states that trigger points form from excessive release of acetylcholine which produces sustained depolarization of muscle fibers. Indeed, the trigger point has an abnormal biochemical composition with elevated concentrations of acetylcholine, noradrenaline and serotonin and a lower pH. These sustained contractions of muscle sarcomeres compresses local blood supply restricting the energy needs of the local region. This crisis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576475",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\ntenderness that arises from trigger points, focal points of tenderness, a few millimeters in diameter, found at multiple sites in a muscle and the fascia of muscle tissue. Biopsy tests found that trigger points were hyperirritable and electrically active muscle spindles in general muscle tissue. The misdiagnosis of pain is the most important issue taken up by Travell and Simons. Referred pain from trigger points mimics the symptoms of a very long list of common maladies, but physicians, in weighing all the possible causes for a given condition, rarely consider a myofascial source. The study of trigger points has not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10738816",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nin the brain. The emetic response was selected for protective purposes, and serves as a safeguard against poisoning of the body. This response gets toxins and drugs out of the body by summoning control over motor neurons which stimulate muscles in the chest and thoracic diaphragm to expel contents from the stomach. Since the CTZ is located in the area postrema, a sensory circumventricular organ, it does not have a blood–brain barrier. This means that large polar molecules, such as emetic toxins, can diffuse through to and reach the CTZ quite easily. This is because the medulla oblongata is located",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5615037",
"chunk_text": "\"Pressure point\"\nhuman body where even comparatively weak pressure may induce significant pain or serious injury, the association of \"\"kyūsho\"\" with notions of Death have been disproven. Pressure point A pressure point (Chinese: ; Japanese: \"\"\"\" \"\"vital point, tender spot\"\"; Sinhala: \"\"Nila/Marma Sthana\"\" (in Angampora); Telugu: \"\"Marma Sthanam\"\"; Malayalam: \"\"marmam\"\"; Tamil: \"\"varmam\"\") derives from the meridian points in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Indian Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, and the field of martial arts, and refers to an area on the human body that may produce significant pain or other effects when manipulated in a specific manner. The concept of pressure points spread",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576466",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nis because a muscle spasm refers to the entire muscle contracting whereas the local twitch response also refers to the entire muscle but only involves a small twitch, no contraction. Among physicians, various specialists might use trigger point therapy. These include physiatrists (physicians specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation), family medicine, and orthopedics. Osteopathic as well as chiropractic schools also include trigger points in their training. Other health professionals, such as athletic trainers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, acupuncturists, massage therapists and structural integrators are also aware of these ideas and many of them make use of trigger points in their clinical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576471",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\ngroup (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus). Often there is a heat differential in the local area of a trigger point. A 2007 review of diagnostic criteria used in studies of trigger points concluded that A 2009 review of nine studies examining the reliability of trigger point diagnosis found that physical examination could not be recommended as reliable for the diagnosis of trigger points. A 2008 review in \"\"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation\"\" of two recent studies concludes they present findings that can reduce some of the controversy surrounding the cause and identification of myofascial trigger points (MTPs).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16418060",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\na longer duration of action with a lowered concentration of bupivacaine. In 1979, a study by Czech physician Karl Lewit reported that dry needling had the same success rate as anesthetic injections for the treatment of trigger points. He dubbed this the 'needle effect'. In the 1950s and 1960s, studies relevant to trigger points were done by J. H. Kellgren at University College Hospital, London, in the 1930s and, independently, by Michael Gutstein in Berlin and Michael Kelly in Australia. Health insurance companies in the US such as Blue Cross, Medica, and HealthPartners began covering trigger point injections in 2005.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17821341",
"chunk_text": "Zusanli\nZusanli Zusanli (, ST36) is an acupoint, a point of the skin that is stimulated, with various techniques, in the practice of acupuncture. It is located below the knee, on the tibialis anterior muscle, along the stomach meridian. Acupuncture of Zusanli induces local serotonin release. Furthermore, the stimulation of this acupoint is shown to decrease inflammation, as evidenced by decreased cytokines (including interleukin 6) and inhibition of edema in a rat model of inflammation involving carrageenan injection. Zusanli activation also improves insulin sensitivity and cerebral blood flow (an effect mediated by nitric oxide), while it decreases sympathetic nerve activity and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437996",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nthe dendrites. The receptors on the surface of the neuron are chemoreceptors that are activated from direct contact of emetic substances in the blood, whereas the receptors that are deeper down on the dendrites are receptors that are activated in response to the activated chemoreceptors on the surface. The vomiting center of the brain refers to the groups of loosely organized neurons in the medulla that include the CTZ within the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarii. One of the ways the chemoreceptor trigger zone implements its effects on the vomiting center is by activation of the opioid mu",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17398257",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiovascular centre\"\nCardiovascular centre The cardiovascular centre is a part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats through the nervous and endocrine systems. It is found in the medulla oblongata. Normally, the heart beats without nervous control, but in some situations (e.g., exercise, body trauma), the cardiovascular centre is responsible for altering the rate at which the heart beats. It also mediates respiratory sinus arrhythmia. When a change of blood pH is detected by central chemoreceptors or by peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic bodies and in carotid bodies, or a change of blood pressure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17250744",
"chunk_text": "Nociceptor\nof stimulation to an afferent nerve fiber's receptive field led to different responses. Some intense stimuli trigger reflex withdrawal, certain autonomic responses, and pain. The specific receptors for these intense stimuli were called nociceptors. In mammals, nociceptors are found in any area of the body that can sense noxious stimuli. External nociceptors are found in tissue such as the skin (cutaneous nociceptors), the corneas, and the mucosa. Internal nociceptors are found in a variety of organs, such as the muscles, the joints, the bladder, the gut, and the digestive tract. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in either",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576479",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nafter a massage if the practitioner uses pressure on unnoticed latent or active trigger points, or is not skilled in myofascial trigger point therapy. Researchers of evidence-based medicine concluded as of 2001 that evidence for the usefulness of trigger points in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia is thin. More recently, an association has been made between fibromyalgia tender points and active trigger points. Injections without anesthetics, or dry needling, and injections including saline, local anesthetics such as procaine hydrochloride (Novocain) or articaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine, steroids, and botulinum toxin provide more immediate relief and can be effective when other methods",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10014131",
"chunk_text": "\"Periventricular nucleus\"\nPeriventricular nucleus The periventricular nucleus is a thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus. It functions in analgesia. It is located in the rostral, intermediate, and caudal regions of the hypothalamus. The rostral region aids in the production of both somatostatin and thyroid releasing hormone. The intermediate portion aids in production of thyroid releasing hormone, somatostatin, leptin, gastrin, and neuropeptide y. In humans and primates it also produces GnRH. Lastly the caudal region aids in sympathetic nervous system regulation, and is regarded as the rage center. The periventricular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18783765",
"chunk_text": "\"Migraine treatment\"\nimprovement in their quality of life following the surgery. Trigger site release was first described by a plastic surgeon, Dr Bahaman Guyuron. The theory is that trigger sites (TSs) exist where sensory nerves are being compressed by a surrounding muscle. The nerve becomes inflamed, and a cascade of events is initiated, triggering migraine headaches. Thus far, three muscle trigger areas where the nerve passes through a muscle have been identified as surgical candidates – where the a) greater occipital nerve pierces through the semispinalis capitis muscle, b) the zygomaticotemporal nerve passes through the temporalis muscle, and c) the supraorbital/supratrochlear nerves",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843089",
"chunk_text": "Muscle\nthe former, the insertion point is positioned to maximize force (for digging), while in the latter, the insertion point is positioned to maximize speed (for running). The efferent leg of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for conveying commands to the muscles and glands, and is ultimately responsible for voluntary movement. Nerves move muscles in response to voluntary and autonomic (involuntary) signals from the brain. Deep muscles, superficial muscles, and internal muscles all correspond with dedicated regions in the primary motor cortex of the brain, directly anterior to the central sulcus that divides the frontal and parietal lobes. In addition,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4168727",
"chunk_text": "\"Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis\"\nHypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called \"\"suprarenal\"\") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys). These organs and their interactions constitute the HPA axis, a major neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates many body processes, including digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions, sexuality, and energy storage and expenditure. It is the common mechanism for interactions among glands, hormones, and parts of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14312533",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial pain syndrome\"\nMyofascial pain syndrome Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), also known as chronic myofascial pain (CMP), is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain in multiple myofascial trigger points (\"\"knots\"\") and fascial (connective tissue) constrictions. It can appear in any body part. Characteristic features of a myofascial trigger points include: focal point tenderness, reproduction of pain upon trigger point palpation, hardening of the muscle upon trigger point palpation, pseudo-weakness of the involved muscle, referred pain, and limited range of motion following approximately 5 seconds of sustained trigger point pressure. Myofascial pain is pain in muscles or fascia (a type of connective tissue that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16497274",
"chunk_text": "\"Dry needling\"\nmaintenance of the pain cycle. Deep dry needling for treating trigger points was first introduced by Czech physician Karel Lewit in 1979. Lewit had noticed that the success of injections into trigger points in relieving pain was apparently unconnected to the analgesic used. Proper dry needling of a myofascial trigger point will elicit a local twitch response (LTR), which is an involuntary spinal cord reflex in which the muscle fibers in the taut band of muscle contract. The LTR indicates the proper placement of the needle in a trigger point. Dry needling that elicits LTRs improves treatment outcomes, and may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14340166",
"chunk_text": "\"Locus coeruleus\"\nLocus coeruleus The locus coeruleus (\\-si-ˈrü-lē-əs\\, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus) is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It is a part of the reticular activating system. The locus coeruleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The locus coeruleus and the areas of the body affected by the norepinephrine it produces are described collectively as the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system or LC-NA system. Norepinephrine may also be released directly into the blood from the adrenal medulla. The locus coeruleus (LC) is located in the posterior",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17130811",
"chunk_text": "\"Cardiovascular centre\"\nthe cardiovascular centre and cause it to increase the rate of impulses sent to the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, resulting in faster and stronger cardiac muscle contraction and thus increasing the heart rate. Cardiovascular centre The cardiovascular centre is a part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats through the nervous and endocrine systems. It is found in the medulla oblongata. Normally, the heart beats without nervous control, but in some situations (e.g., exercise, body trauma), the cardiovascular centre is responsible for altering the rate at which the heart beats. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5770610",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nbe involved in the mechanism by which opiates cause nausea and vomiting. The blood–brain barrier is not as developed here, therefore drugs such as dopamine which cannot normally enter the CNS may still stimulate the CTZ. The CTZ is in the medulla oblongata, which is phylogenetically the oldest part of the nervous system. Early lifeforms developed a brainstem, or inner brain, and nothing more. This part of the brain is responsible for basic survival instincts and reactions, for example to make an organism turn its head and look where an auditory stimulus was heard. The brainstem is where the medulla",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20749324",
"chunk_text": "Arousal\nArousal Arousal is the physiological and psychological state of being awoken or of sense organs stimulated to a point of perception. It involves activation of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in the brain, which mediates wakefulness, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, mobility, and readiness to respond. Arousal is mediated by several different neural systems. Wakefulness is regulated by the ARAS, which is composed of projections from five major neurotransmitter systems that originate in the brainstem and form connections extending throughout the cortex;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6328450",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nwhen the amount of opioids in the blood reach a certain level, the opioid receptors in the CTZ will signal to the rest of the vomiting center to initiate vomiting. This is because the CTZ sends the \"\"vomit\"\" command through action potentials, and these specific action potentials that trigger emesis are only produced when a certain amount of opioids bind to a certain amount of opioid receptors in the CTZ. Neurons in the CTZ, and area postrema in general, actually have two types of receptors: those at the surface of the neuron and those that are located deeper down in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19219561",
"chunk_text": "\"Area postrema\"\noblongata. In 1953, Borison and Wang determined that the chemosensor area acted as a vomiting trigger zone in the brain stem, which they named the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) for emesis. Using cats and dogs as model organisms, they found that the removal of this trigger zone from the brain allowed for the prevention of emesis in the animals directly following injection of certain chemicals into the blood stream, demonstrating the existence of a relationship between the trigger zone and the act of vomiting. The CTZ was anatomically located in the area postrema of the medulla oblongata. The area postrema",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8635935",
"chunk_text": "\"Carotid sinus\"\nCarotid sinus In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a dilated area at the base of the internal carotid artery just superior to the bifurcation of the internal carotid and external carotid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage. The carotid sinus extends from the bifurcation to the \"\"true\"\" internal carotid artery. The carotid sinus is sensitive to pressure changes in the arterial blood at this level. It is the major baroreception site in humans and most mammals. The carotid sinus is the reflex area of the carotid artery, consisting of various nerve receptors for baroregulation (pressure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10125953",
"chunk_text": "\"Trigger zone\"\nsensitive part of the body as the \"\"dolorogenic zone\"\", and used the term \"\"trigger zone\"\" as a simpler equivalent. Through the 1920s and 1930s the term came into steadily wider use, but almost always in the context of neuralgia. Starting in the late 1930s, other types of stimulation and other types of responses were characterized as having the properties of a trigger zone. In 1940, for example, Morison and Dempsey observed that a small area of the cerebral cortex could be triggered when electrical stimulation would evoke widespread activity in other parts of the cerebral cortex. In 1944 Paul Wilcox",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12254259",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nbased heavily on the information which the CTZ relays to the rest of the vomiting center, but also the chemoreceptors in the GI tract, the information sent to the vomiting center by the vestibular system, and higher order centers located in the cortex. The vomiting center is not a discrete or specific place in the brain, but rather an area consisting of many nuclei, axons, and receptors that together cause the physical changes necessary to induce vomiting. Also, emesis can occur by direct neural stimulation of the vomiting center. Damage to the CTZ can come via stroke, physical injury, or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15037669",
"chunk_text": "\"Trigger pad\"\nTrigger pad A trigger pad is an electronic sensor on a drum that produces a certain sound assigned from a sound module once the head has been struck. This device allows drummers to play at a constant dynamic regardless of the physical force used. Triggers are also used to add more definition to drum sounds and prevent bleeding between sound sources, making it easier to hear clearly every drum hit without rumble or excessive cymbals. An example is where very rapid bass drum hits become difficult to distinguish or even hear in the presence of a full band. Triggers are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4866658",
"chunk_text": "\"Substance P\"\nabdominal pain. This protozoan was found to secrete serotonin as well as substance P and neurotensin. Despite strong preclinical rationale, efforts to demonstrate efficacy of SP antagonists in inflammatory disease have been unproductive. A study in women with IBS confirmed that an NK1RAs antagonist was anxiolytic. In line with its role as a first line defense system, SP is released when toxicants or poisons come into contact with a range of receptors on cellular elements in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, located in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, the (area postrema). Presumably, SP is released in or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12983761",
"chunk_text": "\"Nerve point of neck\"\nNerve point of neck The nerve point of the neck, also known as Erb's point is a site at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus located 2–3 cm above the clavicle. It is named for Wilhelm Heinrich Erb. Taken together, there are six types of nerves that meet at this point. \"\"Erb's point\"\" is also a term used in head and neck surgery to describe the point on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle where the four superficial branches of the cervical plexus—the greater auricular, lesser occipital, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves—emerge from behind the muscle. This point",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14149611",
"chunk_text": "\"Axon reflex\"\nAxon reflex The axon reflex (or the flare response) is the response stimulated by peripheral nerves of the body that travels away from the nerve cell body and branches to stimulate target organs. Reflexes are single reactions that respond to a stimulus making up the building blocks of the overall signaling in the body's nervous system. Neurons are the excitable cells that process and transmit these reflex signals through their axons, dendrites, and cell bodies. Axons directly facilitate intercellular communication projecting from the neuronal cell body to other neurons, local muscle tissue, glands and arterioles. In the axon reflex, signaling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4866650",
"chunk_text": "\"Substance P\"\n(cytokines). Also, most of the cytokines, in turn, induce SP and the NK1 receptor. SP is particularly excitatory to cell growth and multiplication. via usual, as well as oncogenic driver. SP is a trigger for nausea and emesis, Substance P and other sensory neuropeptides can be released from the peripheral terminals of sensory nerve fibers in the skin, muscle, and joints. It is proposed that this release is involved in neurogenic inflammation, which is a local inflammatory response to certain types of infection or injury. Preclinical data support the notion that Substance P is an important element in pain perception.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10567627",
"chunk_text": "\"Locus coeruleus\"\nwhen used in English should be in correct Latin\"\". A novel based upon real facts by Max Trasin, Pentian 2016 Locus coeruleus The locus coeruleus (\\-si-ˈrü-lē-əs\\, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus) is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic. It is a part of the reticular activating system. The locus coeruleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The locus coeruleus and the areas of the body affected by the norepinephrine it produces are described collectively as the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system or LC-NA system. Norepinephrine may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15524313",
"chunk_text": "Baroreflex\nand decreases in blood pressure. The body contains two other, slower acting systems to regulate blood pressure: the heart releases atrial natriuretic peptide when blood pressure is too high, and the kidneys sense and correct low blood pressure with the renin–angiotensin system. Baroreceptors are present in the atria of the heart and vena cavae, but the most sensitive baroreceptors are in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch. While the carotid sinus baroreceptor axons travel within the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the aortic arch baroreceptor axons travel within the vagus nerve (CN X). Baroreceptor activity travels along these nerves directly into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9576476",
"chunk_text": "\"Myofascial trigger point\"\nhistorically been part of medical education. Travell and Simons hold that most of the common everyday pain is caused by myofascial trigger points and that ignorance of that basic concept could inevitably lead to false diagnoses and the ultimate failure to deal effectively with pain. Therapists may use myotherapy (deep pressure as in Bonnie Prudden's approach, massage or tapotement as in Dr. Griner's approach), mechanical vibration, pulsed ultrasound, electrostimulation, ischemic compression, trigger-point-injection (see below), dry-needling, \"\"spray-and-stretch\"\" using a cooling spray (vapocoolant), low-level laser therapy and stretching techniques that invoke reciprocal inhibition within the musculoskeletal system. Practitioners may use elbows, feet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16522537",
"chunk_text": "Brainstem\nBrainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, and the pons and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. Sometimes the diencephalon, the caudal part of the forebrain, is included. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9167937",
"chunk_text": "\"Gastrointestinal physiology\"\nfrom the viscera are received by the medulla, efferents are affected by the vagus nerve. When this occurs, the reflex is called vagovagal reflex. The myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus are both located in the gut wall and receive sensory signals from the lumen of the gut or the CNS. \"\"For further information see Gastrointestinal hormone\"\" GI peptides are signal molecules that are released into the blood by the GI cells themselves. They act on a variety of tissues including the brain, digestive accessory organs, and the GI tract. The effects range from excitatory or inhibitory effects on motility and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_876
|
who bowled the last over of the 2007 world twenty20 that india won?
|
n/a
|
[
"Pakistan"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "745996",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nout at the other end. In the last over of the match Pakistan needed 13 runs to win the match and Misbah was still there. A six from Misbah took Pakistan to 152–9 and Pakistan's chance was then very good.Misbah scored 43 run from 38 ball including 4 sixes,from which three came in one over bowled by Harbajhan singh. He was however dismissed in the last over for 43 by Joginder Sharma and Pakistan was all out for 152. Irfan Pathan and RP Singh were the best bowlers for India by taking 3 wickets each .Joginder Sharma took 2 wicket",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8052747",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20\"\n(75 from 54 balls) produced a notable innings. A 21-run over from Sreesanth swung the game towards Pakistan. However, Irfan Pathan (3–16) and Joginder Sharma (2–20) slowed the scoring dramatically. With Pakistan needing 54 from 24 balls, Misbah-ul-Haq hit 3 sixes off Harbhajan Singh in one over. Sreesanth was also dispatched for 2 sixes but took the wicket of Sohail Tanvir, as Pakistan went into the last over needing 13 runs to win, with only 1 wicket remaining. Joginder Sharma bowled a wide first ball, followed by a dot ball. Misbah followed by taking six off a full-toss; Pakistan needed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1561930",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nlast stage took India to 157–5 in 20 overs. Umar Gul took 3–28 to be the best performer for Pakistan.Mohammad Asif and Sohail Tanvir take one wicket each. Pakistan suffered an early blow when Mohammad Hafeez was dismissed in the first over, and Kamran Akmal fell for a duck soon afterwards. Imran Nazir score at high run rate and have 33 run from just 14 ball by 4 four and 2 six but it was runout by Utthappa at score was 53–3(5.4 over) then soon Yonis Khan, Shoaib Malik, Yasir Arafat departed to make Pakistan 104–7. But Misbah was not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8052746",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20\"\nGroup A, where Bangladesh (original seed A3) qualified ahead of West Indies (original seed A2) and therefore took on the A2 spot in Group F. The other seven top seeds qualified. The eight teams were divided into two groups of four teams each. The two top teams from each Super Eight group qualified for the semi-finals. India won the toss and chose to bat on what was considered to be a traditionally batsman-friendly pitch at the Bullring. Umar Gul took the wickets of both Yuvraj Singh and Mahendra Singh Dhoni, leaving India with 157/5 in 20 overs; only Gautam Gambhir",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "745990",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\n2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final The final of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 cricket tournament, was played on 24 September 2007 between India and Pakistan at the Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg. Pakistan qualified for the final by defeating New Zealand in the first semifinal while India defeated Australia in the second semi final. India won the final by 5 runs, to win their second ICC limited-overs title. India's Irfan Pathan won the player of the match award in the final for his bowling performance of 3/16 in 4 overs. The match had an attendance of 32,217",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15874346",
"chunk_text": "\"Joginder Sharma\"\n2007 World Twenty20 in South Africa. He bowled the final over of the semi final against Australia, with Michael Hussey facing and Australia needing 22 runs to win, taking two wickets as India won by 15 runs. He also bowled the final over in the final against Pakistan with thirteen runs required and only one wicket in hand. His first ball went for a wide and the next was borderline but not called by the umpire. The third was a full toss which was pulled straight back over his head for six by Misbah-ul-Haq. Misbah attempted to scoop the ball",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "745994",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nwas on the charge from the beginning of their innings when debutante Yusuf Pathan started aggressively by hitting one four and one six. But he was the first to fall for 15 runs at 25/1 at over 2.4. Then Indian scoring rate was going down. Robin Uthappa(8 run from 11 ball), Yuvraj Singh(14 run from 19 ball), MS Dhoni(6 run from 10 ball) all departed soon and while Gambhir was stuck to the other end. His 75 from 56 hit 8 four and 2 six and Rohit Sharma's 30 not out of 16 hit 2 four and one six at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "745997",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nand S.Sresanth one wicket. Fall of wickets: 1–25 (Y K Pathan, 2.4 ov), 2–40 (Uthappa, 5.4 ov), 3–103 (Yuvraj Singh, 13.3 ov), 4–111 (Dhoni, 15.2 ov), 5–130 (Gambhir, 17.6 ov) Did not bat: Harbhajan Singh, Joginder Sharma, S Sreesanth, R P Singh Fall of wickets: 1–2 (Mohammad Hafeez, 0.5 ov), 2–26 (Kamran Akmal, 2.3 ov), 3–53 (Imran Nazir, 5.4 ov), 4–65 (Younis Khan, 8.3 ov), 5–76 (Shoaib Malik, 11.3 ov), 6–77 (Shahid Afridi, 11.4 ov), 7–104 (Yasir Arafat, 15.6 ov), 8–138 (Sohail Tanvir, 17.6 ov), 9–141 (Umar Gul, 18.5 ov), 10–152 (Misbah-ul-Haq, 19.3 ov) Player of the Match: I K",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8052748",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20\"\njust 6 runs to win from the last four balls. Misbah attempted to hit the next ball with a paddle-scoop over fine leg, but he only managed to sky the ball, and it was caught at short fine-leg by Sreesanth, leaving Pakistan all out for 152 runs. Irfan Pathan was awarded the Man of the Match for his spell, which included 3 wickets for 16 runs, including that of Man of the Series, Shahid Afridi. All matches were played at the following three grounds: The umpires were selected from the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires and the ICC International umpire",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11663470",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Group B\"\nChaminda Vaas hit 38 off the final 23 balls, with five fours and a six. For Sri Lanka, Chaminda Vaas struck twice within eleven overs, taking a return catch off Robin Uthappa and having Sourav Ganguly caught for a 23-ball seven. Sachin Tendulkar followed in the next over, bowled by Dilhara Fernando for his second duck of the tournament, but Virender Sehwag and Rahul Dravid made it through the next ten overs, before the \"\"turning point\"\" arrived, again according to Cricinfo. Muttiah Muralitharan had Sehwag caught at first slip in his third over; the next six overs yielded only 14",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16090765",
"chunk_text": "\"India at the Cricket World Cup\"\nYuvraj sharing a 122-run partnership for the 5th wicket. Agarkar and Kumble then contributed with identical bowling figures of 3/38 as Bermuda were bowled all out for 156 in the 44th over, India winning the lopsided game by 257 runs. But they still needed to beat Sri Lanka in their last group match in order to enter the Super Eight stage. The match against Sri Lanka on 23 March 2007 turned out to be a one-sided contest. Chasing 255, the Indian batting crumbled against the Sri Lankan bowling attack with off-spinner Muttiah Muralitharan and pace bowler Chaminda Vaas taking 2/39",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1561928",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nas of their team for semi final against Australia. Just one changes were made. Yusuf Pathan was in the squad on for Virender Sehwag who was unavailable for fitness issues Pakistan team also had one changes in their squad for the final, from their team against New Zealand at semifinal. They dropped Fawad Alam from the team and Yasir Arafat replaced that place. Simon Taufel and Mark Benson was on field umpires and Daryl Harper was the third umpire. Ranjan Madugalle was selected as the match referee of this match. India won the toss and decided to bat first India",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4254195",
"chunk_text": "\"Yuvraj Singh\"\nthe top performers at the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, both of which India won. In a match against England at the 2007 World Twenty20, he famously hit six sixes in one over bowled by Stuart Broad — a feat performed only three times previously in any form of senior cricket, and never in an international match between two Test cricket teams. In the same match, he set the record for the fastest fifty in Twenty20 Internationals and in all Twenty20 cricket, reaching 50 runs in 12 balls. During the 2011 World Cup, he became the first player to take a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10708890",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Group B\"\nin an ODI. It was also the highest score in World Cup history, breaking the 400 barrier. India also broke their team record score of 376/2, and equalled the ODI record for the maximum number of sixes in an innings by scoring 18 sixes, a feat first achieved by South Africa against the Netherlands earlier in the tournament. In reply, Bermuda only professional, Glamorgan player David Hemp, hit nine fours and one six in an unbeaten innings of 76, worth fifty runs more than any other batsman could contribute. Zaheer Khan bowled both openers, while Ajit Agarkar had three wickets",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13539122",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Group D\"\nnot \"\"possess common sense\"\". On the same day, Pakistani captain Inzamam-ul-Haq announced his retirement from one-day cricket. Pakistan were considering forfeiting the game, but have been ordered to complete it by the chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board. Imran Nazir led the way for Pakistan, an almost solo performance of 160 from just 121 balls as Pakistan made 349 all out, bowled out on the second last ball. No other players made 40; Inzamam-ul-Haq made 37 in his final One Day International, while number nine Iftikhar Anjum came in with four overs to spare and hit 32 from 16 balls",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9573308",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20\"\nto spare. In the first match Kenya scored the lowest Twenty20 International total of 73 against New Zealand and went on to lose with 12.2 overs and 9 wickets to spare. Kenya's fate was sealed when they allowed Sri Lanka to post a Twenty20 world record of 260 in the group's second match. Kenya were then bowled out for 88 and lost by a record 172 runs. India and Pakistan played in the first ever World Twenty20 bowl-out. India's bowlers defeated Pakistan 3–0. This tournament's Super Eight format was designed such that the top 2 seeds from each group was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11663468",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Group B\"\nseven. Four years after losing the 2003 World Cup final, India were all but eliminated from the World Cup, now relying on Bermuda to beat Bangladesh in order to qualify for the Super Eights, causing \"\"financial disasters\"\" for the Indian TV channels who had bought broadcasting rights at large prices. Sri Lanka, meanwhile, went through to the second stage unbeaten, after newcomers to the team Upul Tharanga and Chamara Silva both struck half-centuries and Muttiah Muralitharan took three wickets, including wicket-keeper MS Dhoni for a duck. The first innings was described as a \"\"cat-and-mouse battle\"\" by Cricinfo reporter Siddhartha Vaidyanathan.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6362382",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nruns before being caught. Dinesh Karthik was dismissed early on lbw and India could have been 16/2 had Prior not drop Wasim Jaffer in the second over. Rahul Dravid could not make a start and was removed cutting an outswinger to Prior. Sachin Tendulkar consolidated India's innings however scoring 80 runs with Jaffer before he was dismissed on 37. India lost one further wicket of Jaffer (which was Tremlett first Test wicket) and closed the day on 145/4. The day began in similar vein to the previous one with India losing their remaining 6 wickets in the space of 15",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8052742",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20\"\n2007 ICC World Twenty20 The 2007 ICC World Twenty20 was the inaugural Twenty20 International cricket world championship, contested in South Africa from 11 to 24 September 2007. Twelve teams took part in the thirteen-day tournament—the ten Test-playing nations and the finalists of the 2007 WCL Division One tournament: Kenya and Scotland. India won the tournament, beating Pakistan in the final. During the group stage and Super Eight, points were awarded to the teams as follows: In case of a tie (i.e., both teams score exactly the same number of runs at the end of their respective innings), a bowl-out decided",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1112572",
"chunk_text": "\"World Cricket Tsunami Appeal\"\ndelivery and being easily caught by Yousuf Youhana. Cairns completed his blazing 50 and became even more cavalier with his wicket, eventually being stumped off Muralitharan as well, but the damage had already been done with the World XI looking at a score well above 300. Stephen Fleming contributed a quickfire 30, losing batting partner Hayden for only 2 (stumped off Muralitharan again), before being clean bowled by Vaas. The final over featured a partnership between spinners Daniel Vettori (27 not out) and Shane Warne (2 not out), with Warne's comeback to limited-overs cricket being greeting rapturously by the fans.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11663471",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Group B\"\nruns and two more wickets, after Dhoni went lbw to Muralitharan, and India needed 141 runs off 22 overs. Despite double-digit scores from Ajit Agarkar, Harbhajan Singh and Munaf Patel, they were bowled out for 185. Bangladesh advanced to the Super Eight after defeating Bermuda in this heavily rain-affected match, thus sending India home after the group stages. Bermuda opened the batting after rain had reduced the game to 41 overs per side. Four more interruptions followed, as the game was eventually cut to 21 overs a side with Bermuda at 45 for four. Set 96 to win after hitting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "745991",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nat the stadium. Prior to this match, these two teams faced each other for only time which was too in the same tournament. That Group D match ended in a tie but in order to satisfy the then ICC rule the winner of the match decided by Bowl-out where India beat Pakistan 3–0. India qualified for the Super 8s being the champions of Group D. They won against Pakistan (India won in bowl-out against Pakistan) and their match against Scotland was abandoned without a ball bowled due to rain. In Super 8 stage India was the topper of group E",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9489122",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads\"\nsquad on 9 August 2007. Long-time captain Stephen Fleming, who stepped down from the One-day International captaincy after the 2007 World Cup, was not included, and Daniel Vettori was given the captaincy. Scott Styris could be replaced, as he has struggled with injury problems playing for Durham in England in 2007. Muttiah Muralitharan was originally selected in the squad, but was withdrawn on 31 August 2007 after straining a biceps. Dilruwan Perera replaced him. India's squad was announced on 8 August 2007 After a dressing room incident on 6 September 2007, in which Shoaib Akhtar was alleged to have hit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11686432",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2006\"\nPowar batted for eight overs together with Yuvraj Singh, as the pair cut 43 off the total, Powar contributing 12. Powar was caught off Marlon Samuels' bowling, however, as the spinner picked up his second wicket, and Chris Gayle then held a return catch off Harbhajan Singh two overs later. That left India with 12 runs to get off 10 balls; the remainder of Gayle's over went for one run, and India needed eleven off the last over, which was to bw bowled by Dwayne Bravo (who had only bowled three of the 49 previous overs). Munaf Patel faced the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6362380",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nKumble and was trapped lbw reducing England to 255/4. This wicket meant Anil Kumble overtook Shane Warne's Test record of 138 lbw wickets. Ryan Sidebottom joined Kevin Pietersen as nightwatchman and survived 5 deliveries before the day ended with England on 268/4. Heavy rain in the morning and poor weather forecasts made any play on the second day a remote possibility but rain stopped at around 13:00 BST allowing play to resume at 13:50 BST. The restart saw the Indian attack dismiss England for 298 with the final 26 runs costing 6 wickets. Chris Tremlett and Monty Panesar both went",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4703887",
"chunk_text": "\"Rohit Sharma\"\nunbeaten 50 (which came off 40 deliveries) against South Africa in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. The win reserved India a berth in the semifinals of the tournament. At one stage India were 61–4, but his partnership of 85 runs with skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni helped India to post a total of 153/5. He was eventually declared Man of the Match. Sharma then proceeded to score 30 runs off 16 balls in the final against Pakistan. Rohit Sharma scored his maiden ODI half-century against Pakistan, at Jaipur on 18 November 2007. and was selected as part of India's 16-man squad",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5461770",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in Australia in 2007–08\"\nwin as his best win ever. Day One India won the toss and elected to bat first. While India brought in Harbhajan Singh in place of Wasim Jaffer, Australia brought back Matthew Hayden and Brad Hogg replacing Chris Rogers and Shaun Tait. Irfan Pathan and Virender Sehwag opened the innings for India. At lunch, India were at 89/2 with Mitchell Johnson taking both the wickets of Irfan Pathan and Rahul Dravid. In the post-lunch session Sehwag (63) and Sourav Ganguly (7) got out, as India went to tea break at 187/4. In the final session of the day, Sachin Tendulkar",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16171311",
"chunk_text": "\"Dinesh Karthik\"\nmatches. Karthik was selected for the inaugural 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa in September 2007, and played in India's earlier matches, scoring 11, 17, and a duck, before being dropped from the semi-final and final in favour of Rohit Sharma. India went on to win after starting the tournament as outsiders. Karthik kept his place in the Indian squad for the home ODI series against Australia but was on the outer after his decline in form in England, and played in only the final match in Mumbai, making a duck as India scraped home by two wickets. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6362387",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nevening session and the Test ended in a draw. Pietersen was awarded man of the match for his 134 century. India began the day with only 63 runs left to make in order to win the match. Wasim Jaffer and Dinesh Karthik began to added 22 runs the Indian score. The Indian team soon lost the wickets of Jaffer, Karthik and Sachin. Ganguly and Dravid made 2 and 11 runs respectively confirming the Indian win. India won the toss, and chose to bat first on a flat wicket which proved very good for batting. Both teams were unchanged again from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19411129",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian cricket team in 2007–08\"\nwas Australia's best bowler taking 2 wickets in his 4 over spell. Facing a difficult task to progress to the final, Australia seemed on target to reach India's total after Matthew Hayden once again top scored for the Australians with 62 off 47 balls. It was in the later overs that Australia's chase was dismantled, as the wicket of Andrew Symonds seemed to give the Indians momentum. Australia managed 173 off their 20 overs, and thus India won by 15 runs and knocked Australia out of the tournament. On 26 September, Australia arrived in India for a 7 game One",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5984124",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Super Eight stage\"\nof 6, with Paul Collingwood making 90, Kevin Pietersen 48 and Andrew Flintoff 43. Kyle McCallan was the most economical bowler for Ireland, and also took the wicket of Pietersen. Chasing 267 in reply, Niall O'Brien's third One-day International fifty and his second of the World Cup helped Ireland to a total of 139 for six in the 37th over, but despite faster than a run a ball scores from Trent Johnston and Andrew White Ireland fell 48 runs short as Andrew Flintoff took the final two wickets, though they exceeded their previous World Cup record total by seven runs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
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"chunk_id": "745998",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\nPathan (India)<br> Player of the Tournament: Shahid Afridi (Pakistan)<br> Umpires: M R Benson (England) and S J A Taufel (Australia)<br> TV Umpire: D J Harper (Australia)<br> Match Referee: R S Madugalle (Sri Lanka)<br> Reserve Umpire: B R Doctrove (West Indies) 2007 ICC World Twenty20 Final The final of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 cricket tournament, was played on 24 September 2007 between India and Pakistan at the Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg. Pakistan qualified for the final by defeating New Zealand in the first semifinal while India defeated Australia in the second semi final. India won the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5027275",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\novers closing their innings on 201. James Anderson got his career best bowling figures of 5/42 in this innings. Andrew Strauss and Alastair Cook negotiated the final two overs of the session before lunch was taken. Play did not resume until 15:25 BST due to rain. At the restart Zaheer Khan left-handed swing troubled the opening batsmen with Strauss and Cook going out in quick succession before play stopped. After the rain interruption Vaughan and Pietersen survived the final 35 minutes of the play to end the day on 77/2 leading the game by 174 runs. England scored 25 runs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17419463",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Super Eight stage\"\nArnold built a sixth-wicket stand of 97 in nearly 20 overs, but Dilshan was caught off Makhaya Ntini's bowling, and then Charl Langeveldt took three wickets in five balls as Sri Lanka were bowled out in the final over for 209. In reply, Chaminda Vaas had AB de Villiers bowled in the first over, but Jacques Kallis added 95 with Graeme Smith and 65 with Herschelle Gibbs, leading South Africa to within four runs of victory with his 86. Then Sri Lanka's Lasith Malinga struck. He became the first bowler to take four wickets with four consecutive deliveries in international",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4708546",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in Australia in 2007–08\"\ntook the wickets of Rahul Dravid and Tendulkar, and Mitchell Johnson dismissed Sourav Ganguly. India's day was saved by the lower order, led by the 79 of VVS Laxman. Pathan finished on 46 and Mahendra Singh Dhoni a gritty 38, but the biggest irritant to Australia proved to be RP Singh, who scored a career-high 30 as part of a 51-run ninth-wicket partnership with Laxman that took the India lead over 400 runs. India were finally dismissed for 294 when Laxman edged a Lee delivery to Gilchrist. Australia were set a daunting target of 413 to win—greater than all but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "19504602",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian cricket team in India in 2007\"\nAustralian cricket team in India in 2007 The Australian cricket team toured India from 29 September to 20 October 2007. Seven ODIs from 29 September to 17 October were played. The series also included a Twenty20 International match played on 20 October, at Mumbai. Australia won the ODI series 4–2, India won the T20I match. Murali Karthik took 6 wickets to blow Australia away for just 193, after they got to a good start. India faltered at the start of their reply and fell to 64/6. Robin Uthappa scored 47 but was dismissed LBW to Michael Clarke. In the end,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5027287",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nwickets and Kumble also took three. For England, Alastair Cook, Ian Bell and Paul Collingwood all scored in the 60s, but no one went on to make a big score – leaving England on 345 all out early on day 4 and facing the prospect of following on. Rahul Dravid chose not to enforce the follow-on, however, a decision regarded as negative by many. However, there were concerns about Zaheer Khan who may have strained his thigh, and both India and Australia have been reluctant to enforce the follow-on since the incredible match in Kolkata in 2001 where India won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Super Eight stage\"\nwickets for seven runs to Dilhara Fernando, and required 103 off 16.3 overs with four wickets in hand. However, Ravinder Bopara scored a half-century in his fourth One-Day International innings, as he and Paul Nixon took England within three runs of victory. However, Fernando returned for the last over, and bowled Bopara off the last ball. Despite missing top bowler Lasith Malinga due to injury, Sri Lanka won comfortably against New Zealand. Australia's win confirmed their place in the top four. Ireland could not now qualify for the semi-finals. This win by New Zealand meant that they had qualified for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10161169",
"chunk_text": "\"2006–07 DLF Cup\"\nand Patel and Ajit Agarkar were the only Indian bowlers to concede less than seven an over. With West Indies' at 141 for two, requiring 170 to win in the next 30 overs, rain stopped play at 8:35pm local time, and the players never returned. Australia batted first, with Shane Watson and Phil Jaques adding 64 in the first 10 overs. Watson fell for 79, having led Australia to 157 for four, and Michael Clarke scored his 64 at a much slower strike rate of 68. With no one below Clarke passing 20, Australia were bowled out for 244, Ajit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "749594",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the ICC World Twenty20\"\ndebut in this tournament. The tournament was won by Sri Lanka, who convincingly beat India by 6 wickets with 13 balls to spare. Imran Tahir of South Africa and Virat Kohli of India were the highest wicket taker and run scorer respectively. History of the ICC World Twenty20 The ICC T20 World Cup was first held in 2007. It was first decided that every two years an ICC T20 World Cup tournament is to take place, except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year, in which case it will be held the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5027277",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nbefore tea setting India a target of 380 runs for victory. Singh got his bowling figures of 5/59 in this innings. In the final session of the day, India scored runs quickly, making 137 runs at a cost of 3 wickets. India lost the key wickets of Dravid and Tendulkar both out lbw. Going into a tense final day, all results were still possible. India lost two early wickets of Sourav Ganguly (lbw) and Karthik (caught) meaning that any chance of an Indian victory disappeared. Weather forecasts had predicted rain and it became a race against time for England to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "11670451",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup Group C\"\nNew Zealand captain Stephen Fleming brought on Shane Bond, and he removed Kevin Pietersen, England's top-scorer, and Andrew Flintoff in the same over. Jamie Dalrymple followed three overs later, as England had lost four wickets for five runs, but Nixon and Plunkett batted out the remaining 12 overs, making 71. In reply, New Zealand lost two wickets in eight balls to James Anderson and Liam Plunkett, and also had captain Fleming back for a single-figure score. However, from then on they made 191 for the loss of only one wicket, Craig McMillan caught off Monty Panesar's bowling. Scott Styris and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6362379",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nball of the match. No further wickets fell in the morning session although Strauss was dropped on 43 by Dinesh Karthik at the stroke of lunch. Michael Vaughan and Strauss scored a 142 run second wicket partnership that would prove to be crucial in the match. Strauss was dismissed on 96 edging a slider from Anil Kumble. England in a seemingly strong position of 252/2 lost two quick wickets of Michael Vaughan and Paul Collingwood. Vaughan edged an R. P. Singh delivery straight to Dhoni while Paul Collingwood went for his first Test duck being deceived by a googly from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4383458",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2006–07\"\nhad a chance of overhauling the South African score. Irfan Pathan was the pick of the batsmen scoring 47 runs. India pulled off its first victory of the tour with a close Twenty20 win after Dinesh Karthik steered India towards victory with a controlled innings by Twenty20 standards. This was India's first Twenty20 International ever. Sachin Tendulkar announced his t20i retirement after this match. India put on another abysmal batting performance scoring just 200 off the allocated 50 overs. Sachin Tendulkar topscored for the visitors with a sedate 55 off 97 balls. Mongia and Dhoni chipped in with useful 40's.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11686428",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2006\"\nto heavy overnight rain. West Indies hit 251 runs for 6 wickets, with Chris Gayle contributing nearly half the total, 123, before he was out with five overs remaining to Ajit Agarkar, who got the most wickets for India, claiming two for 38. However, India also had an opener contributing a century, with Rahul Dravid bringing up his hundred in 99 balls, eventually ending with 105 off 102. Dravid paired up with Mohammad Kaif to add 123 for the fourth wicket, before Dwayne Bravo had Dravid caught, leaving India with 43 to get from the last 37 balls; with two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5027278",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in England in 2007\"\nwin the match before rain arrived while India would have to hold out for a draw. VVS Laxman and Dhoni produced a stand of 86 runs before Laxman was bowled by Tremlett. This left Dhoni with the task of rear guard which was to protect the tail from the English attack. The next 3 wickets fell within 8 overs leaving India on 263/9. With light deteriorating Vaughan and Panesar bowled the final 7 overs of the match. Sreesanth survived a strong lbw appeal from Panesar before bad light forced tea to be taken early. Rain meant that there was no",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10970161",
"chunk_text": "\"2007 Cricket World Cup statistics\"\n2007 Cricket World Cup statistics <onlyinclude> The following is a list of all the major statistics and records for the 2007 Cricket World Cup held in the West Indies from 13 March to 28 April 2007.</onlyinclude> Though India were eliminated early, they set the ODI record for the highest victory margin in their 257 run win over Bermuda. In their match against Netherlands, Herschelle Gibbs (South Africa) created ODI and International cricket record when he hit sixes off all six deliveries in Daan van Bunge's over. In the Super 8 stage games, Lasith Malinga (Sri Lanka) created ODI record when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17899078",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2006–07\"\nafter Rahul Dravid was ruled out for rest of the series following an injury. South Africa recovered from a bad start to reach 243 at the end of 50 overs. Gibbs remained unbeaten on 93 while Kallis and Pollock chipped in with 49 and 37 respectively. Anil Kumble was the best bowler for India on the day picking up 2 wickets for 42 runs. Chasing 244 under lights, India got off to a steady start losing their first wicket in the 6th over with 23 runs on the board. Wickets fell at regular intervals and this meant that India never",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20692862",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12\"\nto take wickets regularly to dismiss India for 161 shortly after the tea break. VVS Laxman (31) and top scorer Virat Kohli (44) compiled the only half-century partnership (68 runs for the fifth wicket), and India lost its final six wickets for only thirty runs. The Australian bowlers shared the wickets, with Ben Hilfenhaus (4/43) recording the best figures, and Peter Siddle taking three wickets. Australia limited India's run rate to only 2.66 runs per over. In reply, Australia raced to 0/149 in just 23 overs before the close of play, at a run rate of 6.47 runs per over,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1210228",
"chunk_text": "\"India at the Cricket World Cup\"\n(85 from 115 balls, 11 fours) top-scored for India despite being dropped four times in the field. With India slumping at 187/5 in the 37th over, Suresh Raina (36 not out from 39 balls, 3 fours) shored up the tail as India reached 260/9 in 50 overs. All five Indian bowlers (Zaheer, Munaf, Nehra, Harbhajan and Yuvraj) took two wickets in the Pakistani reply, as Pakistan fell behind the run rate and were bowled all out for 231 with 1 delivery remaining. Misbah-ul-Haq (56 from 76 balls, 5 fours, 1 six) top scored for Pakistan, but his slow start allowed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_877
|
who was the ottoman governor who led egypt in the years following the napoleonic wars?
|
n/a
|
[
"Husrev Pasha",
"Isma'il Pasha and Tewfik Pasha"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Khedivate of Egypt\"\nforces of General Jacques-François Menou withdrew from Egypt. The period between 1801 and 1805 was, effectively, a three way civil war in Egypt between the Egyptian Mamluks, the Ottoman Turks, and troops the Ottoman Porte dispatched from Rumelia (the Empire's European province), under the command of Muhammad Ali Pasha, to restore the Empire's authority. Following the defeat of the French, the Porte assigned Husrev Pasha as the new Wāli (governor) of Egypt, tasking him to kill or imprison the surviving Egyptian Mamluk beys. Many of these were freed by or fled with the British, while others held Minya between Upper",
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"chunk_text": "Egypt\nEgypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until it was invaded by the French forces of Napoleon Bonaparte 1798 (see French campaign in Egypt and Syria). After the French were defeated by the British, a power vacuum was created in Egypt, and a three-way power struggle ensued between the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian mercenaries in the service of the Ottomans. After the French were expelled, power was seized in 1805 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt. While he carried the title of viceroy of Egypt,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Egypt Eyalet\"\nUpper Egypt, to govern during his absence. Bonaparte returned from that ill-fated expedition at the beginning of June. Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey had taken advantage of this opportunity to collect their forces and attempt a joint attack on Cairo, but Bonaparte arrived in time to defeat it. In the last week of July, he inflicted a crushing defeat on the Turkish army that had landed at Aboukir, aided by the British fleet commanded by Sir Sidney Smith. Shortly after his victory, Bonaparte left Egypt, having appointed Kléber to govern in his absence—which he informed the sheiks of Cairo was",
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"chunk_text": "Alexandria\nexpedition in 1801. The British won a considerable victory over the French at the Battle of Alexandria on 21 March 1801, following which they besieged the city, which fell to them on 2 September 1801. Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, began rebuilding and redevelopment around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. Egypt turned to Europe in their effort to modernize the country. Greeks, followed by other Europeans and others, began moving to the city. In the early 20th century, the city became a home for novelists and poets. In July",
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_text": "\"Sultan of Egypt\"\nPasha, declared himself the Sultan of Egypt and Egypt independent from the Ottoman Empire. He struck his own coins to legitimize his rule, but soon thereafter, Ottoman forces under Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha captured him and executed him, with Ibrahim Pasha assuming the governorship until he found a more permanent replacement, Hadım Süleyman Pasha. Following the defeat of Napoleon I's forces in 1801, Muhammad Ali Pasha seized power, overthrowing the Mamelukes, and declaring himself ruler of Egypt. In 1805, the Ottoman Sultan Selim III reluctantly recognized him as Wāli under Ottoman suzerainty. Muhammad Ali, however, styled himself as Khedive, and though",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "12554773",
"chunk_text": "\"Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha\"\nKör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (\"\"Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha the Blind\"\"), also known as Yusuf Ziya Pasha (died 1819), was an Ottoman statesman who twice served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1798–1805 and 1809–1811. Before, between and after his terms as grand vizier, he served numerous posts as governor of various provinces and districts throughout the empire. As grand vizier, he commanded the Ottoman ground forces against the French Army in the Ottoman reconquest of Egypt and later served as a commander in the Ottoman wars with the Russian Empire. Kör Yusuf's date of",
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"page_id": 5
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"chunk_id": "4808206",
"chunk_text": "\"Egypt Eyalet\"\nuntil 5 November 1914, when it was declared a British protectorate in reaction to the decision of the Young Turks of the Ottoman Empire to join the First World War on the side of the Central Powers. After the conquest of Egypt in 1517, the Ottoman Sultan Selim I left the country. Grand Vizier Yunus Pasha was awarded the governorship of Egypt. However, the sultan soon discovered that Yunus Pasha had created an extortion and bribery syndicate, and gave the office to Hayır Bey, the former Mamluk governor of Aleppo, who had contributed to the Ottoman victory at the Battle",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_text": "\"Egypt Eyalet\"\nGazi Hasan Pasha entered Cairo, and after violent measures, had been taken for the restoration of order; Ismail Bey was again made Sheikh al-Balad and a new pasha installed as governor. In January 1791, a terrible plague raged in Cairo and elsewhere in Egypt, to which Ismail Bey and most of his family fell victims. Owing to the need for competent rulers, Ibrahim Bey and Murad Bey were sent for, and resumed their dual government. They were still in office in 1798 when Napoleon Bonaparte entered Egypt. The ostensible object of the French expedition to Egypt was to reinstate the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "16852211",
"chunk_text": "\"Trabluslu Ali Pasha\"\nTrabluslu Ali Pasha Trabluslu Ali Pasha (\"\"Ali Pasha the Tripolitan\"\"; died February 1804), also known as Cezayirli Ali Pasha (\"\"Ali Pasha the Algerian\"\") or Seydi Ali Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman. He served as the Ottoman governor of Egypt from July 1803 to February 1804.<ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-3/394, 423\"\"></ref> Ali Pasha was born in Georgia and kidnapped together with his brother. He was \"\"fair-complexioned,\"\" had an \"\"immense blond beard and mustaches,\"\" and had Turkish as his native tongue, speaking very little Arabic.<ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-3/426\"\"></ref> He was a slave owned by a governor of Ottoman Algeria () named Mehmed Pasha but eventually rose to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_id": "13697440",
"chunk_text": "\"Nişancı Ahmed Pasha\"\nNişancı Ahmed Pasha Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (died February 1753), also called Şehla Ahmed Pasha or Hacı Şehla Ahmed Pasha or Kör Vezir Ahmed Pasha (\"\"Ahmed Pasha the Blind Vizier\"\"), was an Ottoman Grand Vizier during the reign of Mahmud I. He was also the Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1748 to 1751. His family was from Alaiye (now Alanya in Antalya Province, Turkey), but Ahmed was born in Söke (in Aydın Province, Turkey) to his father Cafer. One of his uncles was a vizier. He was appointed as the chief stableman (). In 1738, he was promoted to be the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "14922471",
"chunk_text": "\"Tahir Pasha (Egypt)\"\nTahir Pasha (Egypt) Tahir Pasha or Thir Pasha (died 29 April 1818) was the Albanian commander of bashi-bazouks under Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha. He rebelled and assumed government of Cairo, becoming the acting Ottoman governor of Egypt on 6 May 1803. He was beheaded by a Janissary soldier within a month of acting as governor when he was unable to pay the troops their outstanding pay. Ottoman Albanian troops were sent by the Ottoman sultan in 1801 to fight against the French invasion of Ottoman Egypt under Napoleon, which had occurred in 1798. Pasha was the commander of the Albanian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_id": "9165244",
"chunk_text": "\"Hurshid Pasha\"\nHurshid Pasha Hurşid Ahmed Pasha (died 30 November 1822) was an Ottoman general and Grand Vizier during the early 19th century. He was born in the Caucasus and was of Georgian descent. He was taken to Constantinople as a youth, converted to Islam and enrolled in the Janissaries. There he acquired the favour of Sultan Mahmud II and occupied several high positions. Appointed mayor of Alexandria after the French evacuated Egypt in 1801, he was named governor of Egypt in 1804 at Muhammad Ali's behest. Allied with Britain's diplomatic representative, Hurshid tried to get Muhammad Ali and his Albanians removed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "1717876",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Egypt\"\nwas followed by four years of anarchy in which Ottomans, Mamluks, and Albanians — who were nominally in the service of the Ottomans – wrestled for power. Out of this chaos, the commander of the Albanian regiment, Muhammad Ali (Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha) emerged as a dominant figure and in 1805 was acknowledged by the Sultan in Istanbul as his viceroy in Egypt; the title implied subordination to the Sultan but this was in fact a polite fiction: Ottoman power in Egypt was finished and Muhammad Ali, an ambitious and able leader, established a dynasty that was to rule Egypt",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "14922478",
"chunk_text": "\"Tahir Pasha (Egypt)\"\nis described in \"\"Islamic Art in the 19th Century\"\" as the first initiative of Mamluk revival in the 19th century.\"\" Tahir Pasha (Egypt) Tahir Pasha or Thir Pasha (died 29 April 1818) was the Albanian commander of bashi-bazouks under Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha. He rebelled and assumed government of Cairo, becoming the acting Ottoman governor of Egypt on 6 May 1803. He was beheaded by a Janissary soldier within a month of acting as governor when he was unable to pay the troops their outstanding pay. Ottoman Albanian troops were sent by the Ottoman sultan in 1801 to fight against",
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_id": "4808205",
"chunk_text": "\"Egypt Eyalet\"\nEgypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until it was invaded by the French forces of Napoleon I in 1798. After the French were expelled, power was seized in 1805 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt. Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty remained nominally an Ottoman province. It was granted the status of an autonomous vassal state or \"\"Khedivate\"\" in 1867. Isma'il Pasha and Tewfik Pasha governed Egypt as a quasi-independent state under Ottoman suzerainty until the British occupation of 1882. Nevertheless, the Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914) remained a de jure Ottoman province",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "2244529",
"chunk_text": "Egyptians\nin Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798. The French defeated a Mamluk-Ottoman army at the Battle of the Pyramids, and soon they were able to seize control of the country. The French occupation was short-lived, ending when British troops drove out the French in 1801. Its impact on the social and cultural fabric of Egyptian society, however, was tremendous. The Egyptians were deeply hostile to the French, whom they viewed as yet another foreign occupation to be resisted. At the same time, the French expedition introduced Egyptians to the ideals of the French Revolution which were to have a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "16361794",
"chunk_text": "\"Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha\"\nDivitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha (\"\"Mehmed Emin Pasha the Stenographer\"\"; also known as Divitdar Emin Mehmed Pasha or Emin Mehmed Pasha or Muhammad Pasha Amin; died 1753) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1750 to 1752. After this, he was exiled to Rethymno on Crete for three years. After returning from exile, he served as the Ottoman governor of Egypt in 1753. He died either one day (May 1753) or two months (August 1753) in Cairo after taking office as governor of Egypt. He was buried near the shrine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "19793655",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)\"\nnotifying France about the date of the intervention. In June 1840 Admiral Sir Robert Stopford, commanding the British Mediterranean Fleet, sent Commodore Charles Napier with a small squadron to the Syrian (now the Lebanese) coast. He was then ordered to proceed to Beirut to compel the Egyptians to withdraw. The situation on the ground was extremely volatile, and called for quick and decisive action; this Napier provided, acting as if his was an entirely independent command. On August 11, 1840, Napier's ships appeared off Beirut and he called upon Suleiman Pasha, Mehmet's governor, to abandon the town and leave Syria,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "20304163",
"chunk_text": "\"Hadım Suleiman Pasha\"\nHadım Suleiman Pasha Hadım Suleiman Pasha (; ; 1467 – September 1547) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander. He was the (viceroy) of Ottoman Egypt in 1525–1535 and 1537–1538, and Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1541 and 1544. He was a Hungarian eunuch, his epithet \"\"hadım\"\" meaning \"\"eunuch\"\" in Turkish. As governor of Egypt, he was ordered by the sultan on an expedition to the Indian Ocean, where he led the capture of Aden and the Siege of Diu in 1538. Suleiman Pasha was a benefactor of his long-serving successor for Egyptian governorship, Davud Pasha (served 1538–1549),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "7705256",
"chunk_text": "\"Revolt of Cairo\"\nRevolt of Cairo The Revolt of Cairo occurred on 21–22 October 1798 against the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1798, Napoleon led the French army into Egypt, swiftly conquering Alexandria and Cairo. However, in October of that year, an uprising by the people of Cairo surprised the French forces. While Bonaparte was in old Cairo, the city's population was spreading weapons around the streets and fortifying strongpoints, especially at the Great Mosque. The French commander, General Dupuy, was murdered, as well as Bonaparte's Aide-de-camp Joseph Sulkowski. Excited by the sheikhs and imams, the Egyptians swore by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "17230126",
"chunk_text": "\"Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt\"\nIbrahim Pasha of Egypt Ibrahim Pasha (, 1789 – November 10, 1848) was the eldest son of Muhammad Ali, the Wāli and unrecognised Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. He served as a general in the Egyptian army that his father established during his reign, taking his first command of Egyptian forces when he was merely a teenager. In the final year of his life, he succeeded his still living father as ruler of Egypt and Sudan, due to the latter's ill health. His rule also extended over the other dominions that his father had brought under Egyptian rule, namely Syria,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "14922472",
"chunk_text": "\"Tahir Pasha (Egypt)\"\ntroops sent by the Ottoman sultan in 1801 to fight against the French. Although successful in ousting the French with significant help from the British, the Albanian troops, led by Muhammad Ali, chose to remain in Egypt and gain influence for themselves. In accordance with the Treaty of Amiens, the British evacuated Alexandria in March 1803 leaving a power vacuum in Egypt. Muhammad Bey al-Alfi had accompanied the British to lobby them to help restore the power of the Mamelukes. In their attempts to return to power, the Mamelukes took Minia and interrupted communication between Upper and Lower Egypt. About",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "15026300",
"chunk_text": "\"Hurshid Pasha\"\ntaking poison on 30 November 1822. Hurshid Pasha Hurşid Ahmed Pasha (died 30 November 1822) was an Ottoman general and Grand Vizier during the early 19th century. He was born in the Caucasus and was of Georgian descent. He was taken to Constantinople as a youth, converted to Islam and enrolled in the Janissaries. There he acquired the favour of Sultan Mahmud II and occupied several high positions. Appointed mayor of Alexandria after the French evacuated Egypt in 1801, he was named governor of Egypt in 1804 at Muhammad Ali's behest. Allied with Britain's diplomatic representative, Hurshid tried to get",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "19161116",
"chunk_text": "\"Hadım Suleiman Pasha\"\nwho he championed for the role to spite his rival and colleague, Rüstem Pasha. Hadım Suleiman Pasha Hadım Suleiman Pasha (; ; 1467 – September 1547) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander. He was the (viceroy) of Ottoman Egypt in 1525–1535 and 1537–1538, and Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1541 and 1544. He was a Hungarian eunuch, his epithet \"\"hadım\"\" meaning \"\"eunuch\"\" in Turkish. As governor of Egypt, he was ordered by the sultan on an expedition to the Indian Ocean, where he led the capture of Aden and the Siege of Diu in 1538. Suleiman Pasha",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "14615225",
"chunk_text": "\"Abbas II of Egypt\"\nAbbas II of Egypt Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as \"\"‘Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha\"\", ) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914. In 1914, after Turkey joined the Central Powers in World War I, the nationalist Khedive was removed by the British, then ruling Egypt, in favor of his more pro-British uncle, Hussein Kamel, marking the \"\"de jure\"\" end of Egypt's four-century era as a province of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun in 1517. Abbas II (full name: Abbas Hilmy),",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "715497",
"chunk_text": "\"Convention of El Arish\"\nboard British ships, in accordance with the terms of the original convention. France invaded the nominally Ottoman-ruled Egypt in 1798 with an army led by Napoleon Bonaparte. Initially successful in taking control of key cities, an expedition to Syria led to defeat and Napoleon returned to France after successfully defeating Ottoman force at the Battle of Abukir in July 1799. Napoleon left command of the French forces in the hands of Jean-Baptiste Kléber. The army was in a poor position, threatened by Ottoman force under Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha advancing from Syria and Kléber's troops were near to mutiny following",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
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"chunk_id": "7212562",
"chunk_text": "\"Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha\"\nÖzdemiroğlu Osman Pasha Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha (\"\"\"\"Osman Pasha, the son of Özdemir\"\"\"\"; 1526 – 29 October 1585) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander who also held the office of grand vizier for one year. After the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, the former Mameluk elite (Turks and Circassians) had accepted the Ottoman dominance and became the part of Ottoman bureaucracy and military. Özdemir Pasha, Osman's father, was one of them. After the Indian Ocean campaigns, he was appointed as the beylerbey (high governor) of Habesh Eyalet (modern Ethiopia, but practically only the coastal strip of Eritrea and Sudan).",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "9886116",
"chunk_text": "\"Albanians in Egypt\"\nNapoleon's forces out of Egypt, but upon the French withdrawal, seized power himself and forced the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II to recognize him as Wāli, or Governor of Egypt in 1805. He traced his ancestry back to Ibrahim Aga, from Korca, Albania, who had moved to Kavala. Demonstrating his grander ambitions, he took the title of Khedive; however, this was not sanctioned by the Sublime Porte. Muhammad Ali transformed Egypt into a regional power which he saw as the natural successor to the decaying Ottoman Empire. He constructed a military state with around four percent of the populace serving the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "8426236",
"chunk_text": "\"Sultan of Egypt\"\n1382. The Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517 ended the Egyptian Sultanate, with Egypt henceforth a province of the Ottoman Empire. It also marked the end of the Abbassid Caliphate, as the Ottomans captured the current Caliph Al-Mutawakkil III, and forced him to relinquish the title to the Ottoman Sultan Selim I. The Ottomans subsequently paid little interest to Egyptian affairs, and the Mamelukes rapidly regained most of their power within Egypt. However, they remained vassals of the Ottoman Sultan and their leaders were limited to the title of Bey. In 1523, the Ottoman-appointed Turkish governor of Egypt, Hain Ahmed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10129917",
"chunk_text": "\"Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha\"\nHadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha (usually referred to as Hafız Ahmed Pasha; died November 3, 1613) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Egypt from 1590 or 1591 to 1594. Previously, he had served as governor (beylerbey) of Cyprus, and he became a vizier along with his appointment to Egypt. After Egypt, he became the governor of Bursa from 1594 to 1595. His epithet \"\"Hadım\"\" means \"\"eunuch\"\" in Turkish. He commanded the victorious Ottoman forces during sultan Mehmed III's siege of Eger in 1606. After a string of various government and military roles, Ahmed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "2861735",
"chunk_text": "\"Hain Ahmed Pasha\"\nHain Ahmed Pasha Hain Ahmed Pasha (\"\"Ahmed Pasha the Traitor\"\"; died 1524) was an Ottoman governor, beylerbey, and statesman. He was appointed as the Governor of Egypt in 1523. Disappointed that he had not been made Grand Vizier and his rival Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha had been appointed in his place, he declared himself the Sultan of Egypt, independent from the Ottoman Empire. He struck coins with his own face and name in order to legitimize his power and captured Cairo Citadel and the local Ottoman garrisons in January 1524. However, after surviving an assassination attempt in his bath by two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "16361795",
"chunk_text": "\"Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha\"\nand tomb of Al-Shafi‘i. Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha (\"\"Mehmed Emin Pasha the Stenographer\"\"; also known as Divitdar Emin Mehmed Pasha or Emin Mehmed Pasha or Muhammad Pasha Amin; died 1753) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1750 to 1752. After this, he was exiled to Rethymno on Crete for three years. After returning from exile, he served as the Ottoman governor of Egypt in 1753. He died either one day (May 1753) or two months (August 1753) in Cairo after taking office as governor of Egypt. He was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "8603594",
"chunk_text": "\"Jazzar Pasha\"\nforces of Napoleon Bonaparte, forcing the latter's army to withdraw from Palestine in disarray. His successful defense of Acre earned him prestige in the empire and made him well known in Europe. Al-Jazzar died in 1804 as the governor of both Sidon and Damascus. He was ultimately succeeded in Acre by his \"\"mamluk\"\" Sulayman Pasha al-Adil; until his suppression of a \"\"mamluk\"\" revolt in 1789, al-Jazzar had appointed \"\"mamluks\"\" to senior posts in his military and administration. Al-Jazzar attempted to develop the areas under his control by improving road security and maintaining order. However, his domestic military expeditions and his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "19793652",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)\"\npeace treaty. From September to November 1840, a combined naval fleet, made up of British and Austrian vessels, cut off Ibrahim's sea communications with Egypt, followed by the occupation of Beirut and Acre by the British. On 27 November 1840, the Convention of Alexandria took place. British Admiral Charles Napier reached an agreement with the Egyptian government, where the latter abandoned its claims to Syria and returned the Ottoman fleet. The war was the climax of the long power-struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Pasha of Egypt, Mehmet Ali, which had reached a point of crisis that threatened to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
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"chunk_id": "18239266",
"chunk_text": "\"Sulayman Pasha al-Adil\"\nSulayman Pasha al-Adil Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (c. 1760s – August 1819; given name also spelled \"\"Suleiman\"\" or \"\"Sulaiman\"\") was the Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet between 1805 and 1819, ruling from his Acre headquarters. He also simultaneously served as governor of Damascus Eyalet between 1810 and 1812. He was a \"\"mamluk\"\" of his predecessor, Jazzar Pasha. His rule was associated with decentralization, a reduction of Acre's military, and limits to his predecessors' cotton monopoly. Moreover, he oversaw a policy of non-interference with his deputy governors, such as Muhammad Abu-Nabbut and Mustafa Agha Barbar, and diplomacy with the autonomous sheikhs of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_text": "\"Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk)\"\nfrom hiding in southern Egypt and took back \"\"de facto\"\" control.<ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-2/317–322, 373\"\"></ref> When the French invaded Egypt in 1798, Ibrahim fought against Napoleon's armies at the battles of the Pyramids and the Heliopolis but was defeated on both occasions. These defeats effectively ended his reign over the country, and he died in obscurity in 1816 or 1817, having survived Mohammad Ali Pasha's 1811 massacre of Mameluke leaders. Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk) Ibrahim Bey (1735 – 1816/1817) was a Mamluk chieftain and regent of Egypt. While the Georgian historian Alexander Mikaberidze claims that Ibrahim Bey was born as Abram Sinjikashvili (აბრამ",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "19688130",
"chunk_text": "\"Koca Ragıp Pasha\"\n(). Ragıp’s term was during an Ottoman decline. He nevertheless enacted reforms to Ottoman administration and treasury. He was an adherent of peace policy. His term in the office almost coincides with the Seven Years' War in Europe. Despite the danger of war, he was able to keep the Ottoman Empire out of conflict. Upon his death, Mustafa III wrote an elegy () expressing his sorrow for his good friend. Koca Ragıp Pasha Koca Mehmet Ragıp Pasha (1698–1763) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier from 1757 to 1763, as the provincial governor of Egypt from 1744 to",
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"page_id": 36
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10129918",
"chunk_text": "\"Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha\"\nPasha retired in 1607 or 1608. He died on November 3, 1613. Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha (usually referred to as Hafız Ahmed Pasha; died November 3, 1613) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Egypt from 1590 or 1591 to 1594. Previously, he had served as governor (beylerbey) of Cyprus, and he became a vizier along with his appointment to Egypt. After Egypt, he became the governor of Bursa from 1594 to 1595. His epithet \"\"Hadım\"\" means \"\"eunuch\"\" in Turkish. He commanded the victorious Ottoman forces during sultan Mehmed III's siege of Eger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18984064",
"chunk_text": "\"Ismail Bey\"\n(1778). Following the intervention of the Ottoman admiral Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha in 1786 Ismail Bey returned to Egypt and was installed as Shaykh al-Balad (civil governor and de facto ruler) while Ibrahim and Murad escaped to Upper Egypt again. Due to another Russo-Turkish War the Ottoman Empire withdrew the Turkish troops the next year. Ismail Bey asked the French consul whether France could send military instructors and training units. However, the French revolution made this impossible. Ismail Bey and almost the whole of his faction was wiped out because of the plague. After the Ismailiyya-regime collapsed, Ibrahim and Murad",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15766531",
"chunk_text": "\"Jazzar Pasha\"\ngranite, marble, porphyry and painted tiles. The \"\"hammam\"\" closed in the wake of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, became a museum run by the Municipality of Acre in 1954 and closed again in the 1990s. Jazzar Pasha Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (; ; ca. 1720–30s7 May 1804) was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon from 1776 until his death in 1804. During this period, he also simultaneously served four terms as the governor of Damascus, a total of nine years. Al-Jazzar was a Bosnian of obscure origins. He began his military career in Egypt in the service of various Mamluk officials, eventually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19223658",
"chunk_text": "\"Ismail Pasha (Tripolitanian)\"\nIsmail Pasha (Tripolitanian) Ismail Pasha ( 1780–1792) was an Ottoman statesman of Georgian origin, he grew up in Tunis during the reign of Ali Pasha (1759-1782). Because of this, he became the \"\"kethüda\"\" (assistant/deputy) of Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, the famous Kapudan Pasha. He would go on to serve as the Ottoman governor of Egypt Eyalet (1788–89, 1789–91) and Morea Eyalet (1791–92).<ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-2/315\"\"></ref> When Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha was ordered by the sultan Abdülhamid I to take troops to Egypt and drive out the Mamluk emirs led by Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk) and Murad Bey, who had become \"\"de facto\"\" rulers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8229847",
"chunk_text": "\"Abdullah Pasha ibn Ali\"\nAbdullah Pasha ibn Ali Abdullah Pasha ibn Ali (commonly referred to simply as Abdullah Pasha; 1801–?) was the Ottoman governor (wali) of Sidon Eyalet between May 1820 and May 1832, with a nine-month interruption in 1822–23. Like his predecessors Jazzar Pasha and Sulayman Pasha, Abdullah Pasha ruled from the port city of Acre. During his reign, all of Palestine and the Syrian coastline came under his jurisdiction. Among his major military victories was his survival of an imperial-backed siege of Acre in 1822 instigated by the Farhi family in retaliation for Abdullah's execution of his mentor Haim Farhi, the suppression",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1042503",
"chunk_text": "\"Ali Bey al-Kabir\"\nAli Bey al-Kabir Ali Bey al-Kabir (Mgebrishvili) () (1728 – 8 May 1773) was a Mamluk leader of Egypt from 1768 to 1769, 1772, or 1773. Originally a Mamluk soldier, he rose to prominence in 1768 when he rebelled against his Ottoman rulers, making the Egypt Eyalet of the Osman Empire independent for a short time. His rule ended following the insubordination of his most trusted general, Abu al-Dahab, which led to Ali Bey's exile then death outside the walls of Cairo. Ali Bey (Mgebrishvili) was born in Abkhazia. according to Georgian historians he was the son of a Georgian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8603591",
"chunk_text": "\"Jazzar Pasha\"\nJazzar Pasha Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (; ; ca. 1720–30s7 May 1804) was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon from 1776 until his death in 1804. During this period, he also simultaneously served four terms as the governor of Damascus, a total of nine years. Al-Jazzar was a Bosnian of obscure origins. He began his military career in Egypt in the service of various Mamluk officials, eventually becoming a chief enforcer and assassin working for Ali Bey al-Kabir, Egypt's effective ruler. He gained the epithet of \"\"al-Jazzar\"\" (the Butcher) for his deadly ambush on a group of Bedouin tribesmen in retaliation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7524672",
"chunk_text": "\"Ottoman Egypt\"\nOttoman Egypt Ottoman Egypt covers two main periods of the history of Egypt from the 16th through early 20th centuries, when under the rule of or allied to the Ottoman Empire that was based in (present day) Turkey. The Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867) was established when the Egypt region came under the direct rule of the Ottoman Empire with their 1517 victory over the Mamluk Sultanate. The interruption of the Napoleon's French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) allowed Muhammad Ali's seizure of power from Ottoman Hurshid Pasha, and the founding of the Muhammad Ali dynasty. The Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10557381",
"chunk_text": "\"Revolt of Cairo\"\nhit by a high tax and its divan was replaced by a military commission. To negate the effects of the Great Lord's firman, the French posted a proclamation in all the cities of Egypt, ending in the words: Revolt of Cairo The Revolt of Cairo occurred on 21–22 October 1798 against the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1798, Napoleon led the French army into Egypt, swiftly conquering Alexandria and Cairo. However, in October of that year, an uprising by the people of Cairo surprised the French forces. While Bonaparte was in old Cairo, the city's population",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19793651",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)\"\nEgyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841) The Second Egyptian–Ottoman War or Second Turko–Egyptian War lasted from 1839 until 1841 and was fought mainly in Syria, whence it is sometimes referred as the (Second) Syrian War. In 1839, the Ottoman Empire moved to reoccupy lands lost to Muhammad Ali in the First Turko-Egyptian War. The Ottoman Empire invaded Syria, but after suffering a defeat at the Battle of Nezib appeared on the verge of collapse. On 1 July, the Ottoman fleet sailed to Alexandria and surrendered to Muhammad Ali. Britain, Austria and other European nations, rushed to intervene and force Egypt into accepting a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8310859",
"chunk_text": "\"Ottoman wars in Africa\"\nforces which were routed in the Battle of Pyramids. However Napeleon couldn't proceed much because his fleet was defeated by the British navy. In 1799 he returned and the French army evacuated Egypt following the Battle of Alexandria in 1801. The Ottoman Empire lost direct control of Egypt and the lands to the south during the revolt of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha in the 1830s. Although Egypt was still considered an Ottoman vassal, the Ottoman Empire totally lost control in the 1880s to the British Empire. By the 19th century, Ottoman control of the countries west of Egypt was also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10128162",
"chunk_text": "\"Murad Bey\"\nBey was in charge of administrative duties of Egypt. They survived through the persistent Ottoman attempts at overthrowing the Mamluk regime and civil strifes. They served as kaymakams (acting governors) in Egypt on occasion, although they effectively held \"\"de facto\"\" power for decades, even over the appointed Ottoman governor of Egypt.<ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-2/93\"\"></ref><ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-2/138\"\"></ref><ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-2/156\"\"></ref> In 1786, the Ottoman sultan Abdülhamid I sent Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral of the Ottoman Navy) and Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha to drive out Ibrahim and Murad Bey.<ref name=\"\"JabartiPhilipp1994-2/181\"\"></ref> Hasan Pasha was fervent and thorough in his efforts and succeeded in the short term, reestablishing direct",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10587433",
"chunk_text": "Mamluk\nIn 1805, the population of Cairo rebelled. This provided a chance for the Mamluks to seize power, but internal friction prevented them from exploiting this opportunity. In 1806, the Mamluks defeated the Turkish forces in several clashes. in June the rival parties concluded an agreement by which Muhammad Ali, (appointed as governor of Egypt on 26 March 1806), was to be removed and authority returned to the Mamluks. However, they were again unable to capitalize on this opportunity due to discord between factions. Muhammad Ali retained his authority. Muhammad Ali knew that he would have to deal with the Mamluks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_878
|
what role does the president play in foreign affairs?
|
n/a
|
[
"negotiates treaties with foreign nations"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16025677",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Department of State\"\nthe Secretary of State, is the President's principal foreign policy advisor. The Department advances U.S. objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the President's foreign policy. It also provides an array of important services to U.S. citizens and to foreigners seeking to visit or immigrate to the United States. All foreign affairs activities—U.S. representation abroad, foreign assistance programs, countering international crime, foreign military training programs, the services the Department provides, and more—are paid for by the foreign affairs budget, which represents little more than 1% of the total federal budget. As stated by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277508",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the President of the United States\"\nThis power is most commonly used to delay federal sentences of execution. Pardons can be controversial when they appear to be politically motivated. President George W. Bush commuted the sentence of White House staffer Lewis \"\"Scooter\"\" Libby. Under the Constitution, the president is the federal official that is primarily responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations. The president appoints ambassadors, ministers, and consuls (subject to confirmation by the Senate) and receives foreign ambassadors and other public officials. With the Secretary of State, the president manages all official contacts with foreign governments. On occasion, the president may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277509",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the President of the United States\"\npersonally participate in summit conferences where heads of state meet for direct consultation. For example, President Wilson led the American delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 after World War I; President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Allied leaders during World War II; and every president sits down with world leaders to discuss economic and political issues and to reach agreements. Through the Department of State and the Department of Defense, the president is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. The president decides whether to recognize new nations and new",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5539856",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nPresident of the United States The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. In contemporary times, the president is looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures and as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. The role includes responsibility for the world's most expensive military, which has the second largest nuclear arsenal. The president also leads the nation with the largest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "899518",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign policy of the United States\"\nratified by two-thirds of the Senate. The President is also Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces, and as such has broad authority over the armed forces. Both the Secretary of State and ambassadors are appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The United States Secretary of State acts similarly to a foreign minister and under Executive leadership is the primary conductor of state-to-state diplomacy. Congress is the only branch of government that has the authority to declare war. Furthermore, Congress writes the civilian and military budget, thus has vast power in military",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5539812",
"chunk_text": "President\nwith substantive powers such as the appointment and dismissal of prime ministers or cabinets, the power to declare war, and powers of veto on legislation. In many nations the president is also the commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces, though once again this can range from a ceremonial role to one with considerable authority. In almost all states with a presidential system of government, the president exercises the functions of head of state and head of government, i.e. the president directs the executive branch of government. When a President not only is head of state, but also head of government,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5539857",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\neconomy by nominal GDP. The president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power. Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government. It vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law, alongside the responsibility of appointing federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory and judicial officers, and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the Senate. The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves, and to convene and adjourn either or both houses of Congress under extraordinary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8363458",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign policy of the United States\"\nUnited States House Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals: \"\"export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; measures to foster commercial interaction with foreign nations and to safeguard American business abroad; international commodity agreements; international education; and protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation.\"\" U.S. foreign policy and foreign aid have been the subject of much debate, praise and criticism, both domestically and abroad. Subject to the advice and consent role of the U.S. Senate, the President of the United States negotiates treaties with foreign nations, but treaties enter into force only if",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5539870",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nKorean War, the Vietnam War, and the invasions of Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1989. The constitution also empowers the President to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries. Such agreements become, upon receiving the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate (by a two-thirds majority vote), become binding with the force of federal law. The president is the head of the executive branch of the federal government and is constitutionally obligated to \"\"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\"\". The executive branch has over four million employees, including members of the military.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277484",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the President of the United States\"\nPowers of the President of the United States The powers of the President of the United States include those powers explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution to the President of the United States, powers granted by Acts of Congress, implied powers, and also a great deal of soft power that is attached to the presidency. The Constitution explicitly assigns the president the power to sign or veto legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet, convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive ambassadors. The President oversees federal law",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10515931",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nsuch a legislative alteration of the veto power to be unconstitutional. One of the most important of all executive powers is the president's role as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces. The power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, but the president has ultimate responsibility for the direction and disposition of the military. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the President as Commander in Chief has been the subject of much debate throughout history, with Congress at various times granting the President wide authority and at others attempting to restrict that authority. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18317695",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief of Protocol\"\nChief of Protocol The Chief of Protocol is an officer of the United States Department of State responsible for advising the President of the United States, the Vice President, and the Secretary of State on matters of national and international diplomatic protocol. The Chief of Protocol holds the rank of Ambassador and Assistant Secretary of State. The chief arranges itineraries for foreign dignitaries visiting the U.S. and accompanies the president on all official international travel. Additionally, the office is responsible for accrediting foreign diplomats and publishing the list of foreign consular offices in the U.S., organizing ceremonies for treaty signings,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277485",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the President of the United States\"\nexecution by directing and removing executive officers. The president may make treaties, which need to be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate, and is accorded those foreign-affairs functions not otherwise granted to Congress or shared with the Senate. Thus, the President can control the formation and communication of foreign policy and can direct the nation's diplomatic corps. The president may also appoint Article III judges and some officers with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate. In the condition of a Senate recess, the president may make a temporary appointment. Article II of the Constitution expressly designates the president",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11157119",
"chunk_text": "\"History of United States foreign policy\"\nfinancial supporters of the president. These amateurs are mostly sent to Western Europe or nations with strong economic ties to the U.S. Professional career ambassadors move up through the State Department hierarchy and typically are posted to smaller countries and those with lower trade with the United States. The vast majority of semiprofessional diplomats were appointed to the most powerful countries. The pattern varies according to presidential style. For example, under President George W. Bush (2001-2009) the foreign service and the U.S. Agency for International Development were underfunded and often used for political rather than diplomatic reasons. History of United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2696344",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Department of State\"\nUnited States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), commonly just referred to as the State Department, is the federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues. Equivalent to the foreign ministry of other countries, it was established in 1789 as the nation's first executive department. The current Secretary of State is Mike Pompeo, who ascended to the office in April 2018 after Rex Tillerson resigned. The State Department's duties include implementing the foreign policy of the United States, operating the nation's diplomatic missions abroad, negotiating treaties",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3419088",
"chunk_text": "\"Executive agreement\"\nIn the United States, executive agreements are binding internationally if they are negotiated and entered into under the president's authority in foreign policy, as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, or from a prior act of Congress. For instance, as commander-in-chief the President negotiates and enters into status of forces agreements (SOFAs), which govern the treatment and disposition of U.S. forces stationed in other nations. The president cannot, however, enter unilaterally into executive agreements on matters that are beyond his constitutional authority. In such instances, an agreement would need to be in the form of a congressional-executive agreement, or a treaty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2696363",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Department of State\"\ncentury statecraft. The U.S. Department of State's official explanation of 21st Century Statecraft is: \"\"complementing traditional foreign policy tools with newly innovated and adapted instruments of statecraft that fully leverage the technologies of our interconnected world.\"\" United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), commonly just referred to as the State Department, is the federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues. Equivalent to the foreign ministry of other countries, it was established in 1789 as the nation's first executive department. The current Secretary of State",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18714087",
"chunk_text": "\"Aaron Wildavsky\"\nbased on the principle that there are two versions of the American President: one who is concerned with domestic policy and one concerned with foreign policy. Wildavsky makes the claim that presidents would prefer to focus foremost on foreign policy because he is granted more traditional, constitutional, and statutory authority when compared to his domestic policy powers. Wildavsky argues that presidents have assumed a more active role with regard to foreign policy because they are able to act more quickly than the United States Congress when pursuing foreign policy. Also, a lack of interest groups active in foreign policy allow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6912252",
"chunk_text": "Presidency\nthe role of being the Minister of Defense and Germany cannot declare a state of war without the approval of the president. The president then appoints what is called a chancellor, which is known as Germany’s Head of state. Which the role is pretty comparable to a prime minister like in other countries. There are many roles the chancellor has here are a few of them. The chancellor provides basic law and for their party, it determines the composition of the Federal Cabinet. But the president then gives recommendation on appointing and dismissing Cabinet Minister, through the Federal Cabinet. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2679666",
"chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\ndecide U.S. foreign policy and can enter into non-binding discussions and give conditional approval to agreements reached with foreign governments subject to Senate ratification at a future date. Additionally, since official treaties are specifically created under and by constitutional U.S. law and are entered into by both government and the people as a whole, in their capacity as head of state and as the single individual representative of the United States and its citizens, the President does have Coauthority and Constitutional duty to unilaterally withdraw the United States from treaties if he or she determines the best interests and well",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6809561",
"chunk_text": "\"Bureau of International Organization Affairs\"\non their decision to withdrawal. “The Bureau of International Organization Affairs is responsible for developing the U.S. position on all subjects that come before international bodies, for preparing and laying before the missions, or delegations concerned, the instructions of the President, as to what they will do and how they will report and what positions they will take on the various issues that come up.” …from the Structure and Functions of the Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department, United States Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The Bureau of International Organization Affairs has grown in size since its feeble beginnings.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19037442",
"chunk_text": "\"Executive president\"\nExecutive president An executive president is a president who exercises active executive power in certain systems of government. Executive presidents are active in day-to-day governance of a nation, and are usually popularly elected. They contrast with figurehead presidents, common in most parliamentary republics, in which the president serves symbolic, nonpolitical roles (and often is appointed to office by parliament) while the prime minister holds all relevant executive power. A small number of nations, most notably South Africa and Botswana, have both an executive presidency and a system of governance that is parliamentary in character, with the President elected by and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17840352",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerusalem Embassy Act\"\nAct \"\"invade exclusive presidential authorities in the field of foreign affairs and are unconstitutional.\"\" Former U.S. presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama have alluded to or explicitly stated the belief that Congressional resolutions attempting to legislate foreign policy infringe upon the Executive's authority and responsibility to carry out sound and effective U.S. foreign relations. Regarding the status of Jerusalem specifically, President Bush had deemed Congress' role as merely \"\"advisory\"\", stating that it \"\"impermissibly interferes with the President's constitutional authority\"\". The U.S. Constitution reserves the conduct of foreign policy to the President; resolutions of Congress, such as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8423694",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign minister\"\nin most developed nations. Along with their political roles, foreign ministers are also traditionally responsible for many diplomatic duties, such as hosting foreign world leaders and going on state visits to other countries. The foreign minister is generally the most well-traveled member of any cabinet. Although it is very rare for there to be any sub-national foreign minister post, sometimes there is a minor external relations position. The European Union has dealt with external relations in certain areas since its inception (see EU Trade Commissioner) and has a High Representative as its chief diplomat. However his/her duties are primarily to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "899532",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign policy of the United States\"\nwith President Donald Trump. The \"\"New York Times\"\" reported on the eve of his first foreign trip as president: Trump has numerous aides giving advice on foreign policy. The chief diplomat was Secretary of State Rex Tillerson. His major foreign policy positions, which sometimes are at odds with Trump, include: In the United States, there are three types of treaty-related law: In contrast to most other nations, the United States considers the three types of agreements as distinct. Further, the United States incorporates treaty law into the body of U.S. federal law. As a result, Congress can modify or repeal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "899511",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign policy of the United States\"\nForeign policy of the United States The foreign policy of the United States is its interactions with foreign nations and how it sets standards of interaction for its organizations, corporations and system citizens of the United States. The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States, including all the Bureaus and Offices in the United States Department of State, as mentioned in the \"\"Foreign Policy Agenda\"\" of the Department of State, are \"\"to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.\"\" In addition, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "899593",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign policy of the United States\"\nto the U.S. State Department, \"\"Democracy is the one national interest that helps to secure all the others. Democratically governed nations are more likely to secure the peace, deter aggression, expand open markets, promote economic development, protect American citizens, combat international terrorism and crime, uphold human and worker rights, avoid humanitarian crises and refugee flows, improve the global environment, and protect human health.\"\" According to former U.S. President Bill Clinton, \"\"Ultimately, the best strategy to ensure our security and to build a durable peace is to support the advance of democracy elsewhere. Democracies don't attack each other.\"\" In one view",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5295915",
"chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nTreaty Clause The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. The body of law governing U.S. foreign policy recognizes three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. The term \"\"treaty\"\" is used in a more restricted legal sense than in international",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15778172",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign internal defense\"\nand military teams that move in and out. Under President John F. Kennedy, COMs had explicit authority over Military Assistance Advisory Groups (MAAG), which were part of the ambassador's \"\"country team.\"\" That authority has disappeared over the years ... In the US context, many of these functions, when provided by government, are the responsibility of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), whose main missions are grouped as: There are at least two components of economic development: debt relief and new development. Most of the debt relief activity will be by nonmilitary personnel, other than perhaps an occasional audit.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13277516",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the President of the United States\"\ncertainly the most important power in Washington and, furthermore, is one of the most famous and influential of all Americans. Though constrained by various other laws passed by Congress, the president's executive branch conducts most foreign policy, and their power to order and direct troops as commander-in-chief is quite significant (the exact limits of what a president's military powers without Congressional authorization are open to debate). The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing: to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist. Based on their experience, the framers shied away",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Secretary of state\"\ncountry that has one or the other. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United States Department of State. He or she is responsible for the administration of United States Embassies and their subsidiary units throughout the world. The U.S. Secretary of State has the power to remove any foreign diplomat from U.S. soil for any reason. Six Secretaries of State became presidents (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan) and five won Nobel Peace Prizes (Frank Kellogg, Cordell Hull, George Marshall, Elihu Root, and Henry Kissinger). The now long-established",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "5539801",
"chunk_text": "President\nPresident The president is a common title for the head of state in most republics. In politics, president is a title given to leaders of republican states. The functions exercised by a president vary according to the form of government. In parliamentary republics, they are limited to those of the head of state, and are thus largely ceremonial. In presidential and semi-presidential republics, the role of the president is more prominent, encompassing also (in most cases) the functions of the head of government. In authoritarian regimes, a dictator or leader of a one-party state may also be called a president.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "10515945",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nofficers) from simultaneously being a member of Congress. Therefore, the president cannot directly introduce legislative proposals for consideration in Congress. However, the president can take an indirect role in shaping legislation, especially if the president's political party has a majority in one or both houses of Congress. For example, the president or other officials of the executive branch may draft legislation and then ask senators or representatives to introduce these drafts into Congress. The president can further influence the legislative branch through constitutionally or statutorily mandated, periodic reports to Congress. These reports may be either written or oral, but today",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "20580411",
"chunk_text": "\"International relations\"\nas an example of a non-state actor, has significantly influenced the way states (and non-state actors) conduct international affairs. The existence of power blocs in international relations is a significant factor related to polarity. During the Cold War, the alignment of several nations to one side or another based on ideological differences or national interests has become an endemic feature of international relations. Unlike prior, shorter-term blocs, the Western and Soviet blocs sought to spread their national ideological differences to other nations. Leaders like U.S. President Harry S. Truman under the Truman Doctrine believed it was necessary to spread democracy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13959139",
"chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of Mexico\"\nForeign relations of Mexico The foreign relations of Mexico are directed by the President of the United Mexican States and managed through the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs. The principles of the foreign policy are constitutionally recognized in the Article 89, Section 10, which include: respect for international law and legal equality of states, their sovereignty and independence, non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and promotion of collective security through active participation in international organizations. Since the 1930s, the Estrada Doctrine has served as a crucial complement to these principles. After the War of Independence,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20477803",
"chunk_text": "Ambassador\nis accredited to represent their country. But unlike the ambassador-in-residence, who is usually limited to a country or embassy, the ambassador-at-large can be appointed to operate in several usually neighbouring countries, a region or sometimes a seat of international organizations such as the United Nations or European Union. In some cases, an ambassador-at-large may even be specifically assigned a role to advise and assist the state or Government in particular issues. Historically, presidents or prime ministers have commissioned special diplomatic envoys for specific assignments, primarily overseas but sometimes also within the country as ambassadors-at-large. While the title generally reflects the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
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"chunk_text": "\"Foreign minister\"\nforeign minister may be limited to playing a more marginal or subsidiary role in determining policy. Similarly, the political powers invested in the foreign minister are often more limited in presidential governments with a strong executive branch. Since the end of World War II, it has been common for both the foreign minister and defense minister to be part of an inner cabinet (commonly known as a national security council) in order to coordinate defense and diplomatic policy. Although the 19th and early 20th centuries saw many heads of government assume the foreign ministry, this practice has since become uncommon",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "5539858",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\ncircumstances. The president directs the foreign and domestic policies of the United States, and takes an active role in promoting his policy priorities to members of Congress. In addition, as part of the system of checks and balances, of the Constitution gives the president the power to sign or veto federal legislation. The power of the presidency has grown substantially since its formation, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. Through the Electoral College, registered voters indirectly elect the president and vice president to a four-year term. This is the only federal election in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6393553",
"chunk_text": "\"United States presidential doctrines\"\nUnited States presidential doctrines A United States Presidential doctrine comprises the key goals, attitudes, or stances for United States foreign affairs outlined by a President. Most presidential doctrines are related to the Cold War. Though many U.S. Presidents had themes related to their handling of foreign policy, the term \"\"doctrine\"\" generally applies to Presidents such as James Monroe, Harry S. Truman, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, all of whom had doctrines which more completely characterized their foreign policy. The Monroe Doctrine, expressed in 1823, proclaimed the United States' opinion that European powers should no longer colonize the Americas",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4559688",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli system of government\"\nand ceremonial role, and is not considered a part of any Government Branch. The President's ceremonial roles include signing every law (except those pertaining to the President's powers) and international or bilateral treaty, ceremonially appointing the Prime Minister, confirming and endorsing the credentials of ambassadors, and receiving the credentials of foreign diplomats. The President also has several important functions in government. The President is the only government official with the power to pardon or commute prisoners. The President appoints the Governor of the Bank of Israel, the President of Magen David Adom, and the members and leaders of several institutions.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
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"chunk_id": "20503309",
"chunk_text": "\"State visits to the United States\"\nState visits to the United States State and official visits to the United States are formal visits by the head of state (state visit) or chief of government (official visit) from one country to the United States, during which the president of the United States acts as official host of the visitor. State visits are considered to be the highest expression of friendly bilateral relations between the United States and a foreign state and are, in general, characterized by an emphasis on official public ceremonies. The first visit of a foreign state to the United States was the state visit",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_text": "\"United States Department of State\"\nand agreements with foreign entities, and representing the United States at the United Nations. It is led by the Secretary of State, a member of the Cabinet who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. In addition to administering the Department, the Secretary of State serves as the nation's chief diplomat and representative abroad. The Secretary of State is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence and in the presidential line of succession, after the Vice President of the United States, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and President pro tempore of the Senate. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5109806",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the Republic of China\"\nelection of the areas administered by the Republic of China for a term of four years. Before 1991, the president was selected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China for a term of six years. The Constitution names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces (formerly known as the National Revolutionary Army). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7734884",
"chunk_text": "\"Vice President of the United States\"\nPresident George W. Bush's closest confidants. Al Gore was an important adviser to President Bill Clinton on matters of foreign policy and the environment. Under the American system of government the president is both head of state and head of government, and the ceremonial duties of the former position are often delegated to the vice president. The vice president will on occasion represent the president and the U.S. government at state funerals abroad, or at various events in the United States. This often is the most visible role of the vice president. The vice president may also meet with other",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10515884",
"chunk_text": "President\nceremonial with either \"\"de facto\"\" or no significant executive authority (such as the President of Austria) or \"\"de jure\"\" no significant executive power (such as the President of Ireland), and the executive powers rests with the Prime Minister who automatically assumes the post as head of a majority party or coalition, but takes oath of office administered by the president. However, the president is head of the civil service, commander in chief of the armed forces and in some cases can dissolve parliament. Countries using this system include Austria, Armenia, Albania, Bangladesh, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7690442",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Department of State\"\nState Department headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building, a few blocks away from the White House, in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.; \"\"Foggy Bottom\"\" is thus sometimes used as a metonym. The U.S. Constitution, drafted in Philadelphia in September 1787 and ratified by the 13 states the following year, gave the President the responsibility for the conduct of the nation's foreign relations. The House of Representatives and Senate approved legislation to establish a Department of Foreign Affairs on July 21, 1789, and President Washington signed it into law on July 27, making the Department of Foreign Affairs",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15637819",
"chunk_text": "\"President of South Africa\"\nnegotiate and sign (although not ratify) treaties (and the alliances that may come with them), and receives and appoints diplomatic officials, confers honours and grants pardons. (1) The President performs the following powers and functions: (a) Sign bills duly passed by parliament. (b) Convey meetings with Cabinet (c) Refer disputes of a constitutional nature between parties represented in Parliament or between organs of state at any level of government to the Constitutional Court. (d) Confer honours. (e) Appoint, accredit, receive and recognise ambassadors, diplomatic representatives and other diplomatic officials. (f) Appoint commissions of inquiry. (g) Negotiate and sign international agreements",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3336793",
"chunk_text": "\"President of India\"\npresident who shall work at the pleasure of the president. Per , President is empowered to dismiss a governor who has violated the constitution in his acts. The president is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include: All international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the president. However, in practice, such negotiations are usually carried out by the prime minister along with his Cabinet (especially the Foreign Minister). Also, such treaties are subject to the approval of the parliament. The president represents India in international forums and affairs where such a function is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16417176",
"chunk_text": "\"President of Germany\"\nduties. Under Article 59 (1) of the Basic Law (German Constitution), the president represents the Federal Republic of Germany in matters of international law, concludes treaties with foreign states on its behalf and accredits diplomats. Furthermore, all federal laws must be signed by the president before they can come into effect, but usually they only veto a law if they believe it to violate the constitution. The president, by their actions and public appearances, represents the state itself, its existence, legitimacy, and unity. The president's office involves an integrative role and the control function of upholding the law and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7874967",
"chunk_text": "\"Presidential system\"\nPresidential system A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This head of government is in most cases also the head of state, which is called \"\"president\"\". In presidential countries, the executive is elected and is not responsible to the legislature, which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. Such dismissal is possible, however, in uncommon cases, often through impeachment. The title \"\"president\"\" has persisted from a time when such person personally presided over the governing body, as with the President of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_879
|
who hit 6 sixes in an over in test cricket?
|
n/a
|
[
"Ravi Shastri",
"Garfield Sobers"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4803802",
"chunk_text": "\"Boundary (cricket)\"\n209 off 158 balls. Brendon McCullum currently holds the record for most sixes in a Test career with 107. Shahid Afridi holds the record for most sixes in an ODI career (351 in 398 matches, 369 innings, on his retirement). The record for the most sixes in a Test match is 27, which occurred during a 2006 Test match between Pakistan and India at the Iqbal Stadium in Faisalabad. In their first innings, Pakistan hit eleven sixes. India hit nine in their first innings. Pakistan hit seven more sixes in their second innings. The record for most sixes in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4803801",
"chunk_text": "\"Boundary (cricket)\"\nusually sees between 50 and 150 boundary fours. Sixes are less common, and usually fewer than 10 (and sometimes none) will be scored in the course of a match (especially a Test match). The record for most sixes in a Test match innings is 12, which was achieved by Pakistani all-rounder Wasim Akram during an innings of 257 not out against Zimbabwe in October 1996 at Sheikhupura. The One Day International record for most sixes hit in an innings is held by Rohit Sharma who hit 16 sixes against Australia in Bengaluru on 2 November 2013 in his innings of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4803804",
"chunk_text": "\"Boundary (cricket)\"\nfirst man to hit six sixes off a single six-ball over in first-class cricket. The over was bowled by Malcolm Nash in Nottinghamshire's first innings against Glamorgan at St Helen's in Swansea. Nash was a seam bowler but decided to try his arm at spin bowling. This achievement was caught on film. On 16 March 2007, in a match between South Africa and the Netherlands at the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Herschelle Gibbs became the first person to hit six sixes off an over in a One Day International match. The over was bowled by Dutch leg-spinner Daan van Bunge.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16779805",
"chunk_text": "\"Herschelle Gibbs\"\nHerschelle Gibbs Herschelle Herman Gibbs (born 23 February 1974) is a former South African cricketer, who played all formats of the game for fourteen years. A right-handed batsman, mostly opened the batting, Gibbs became the first player to hit six consecutive sixes in one over in One Day International cricket, doing so against the Netherlands in the 2007 Cricket World Cup. At point, he was considered by some to be the next Jonty Rhodes in his ability to hit the stumps, with Ricky Ponting noting that Gibbs is better than Rhodes in that regard, with a report prepared by Cricinfo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4803803",
"chunk_text": "\"Boundary (cricket)\"\nOne Day International is 38, which was achieved in a match between India and Australia at M Chinnaswamy Stadium on 2 November 2013. India and Australia hit 19 sixes each. The equivalent record in Twenty20 Internationals was set on the AMI Stadium, 24 sixes were hit during the Twenty20 International match between India and New Zealand on 25 February 2009. In 2012, during the First Test against Bangladesh in Dhaka, West Indies cricketer Chris Gayle became the first player to hit a six off the first ball in a Test cricket match. On 31 August 1968, Garfield Sobers became the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12793527",
"chunk_text": "\"Run rate\"\nDutchman Daan van Bunge. And then, on 19 September 2007 in the ICC World Twenty20 Super 8 match held at Kingsmead in Durban, Indian player Yuvraj Singh hit 6 sixes in an over up against English bowler Stuart Broad. What counts as a good run rate depends on the nature of the pitch, the type of match and the level of the game. A Test match held over five days typically shows a lower run rate than a limited-overs game, because batsmen adopt a more cautious approach, whereas in limited overs cricket the batsmen must adopt a more gung-ho approach",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6895585",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Gayle\"\nChris Gayle Christopher Henry Gayle, OD (born 21 September 1979) is a Jamaican cricketer who plays international cricket for the West Indies. Gayle captained the West Indies' Test side from 2007 to 2010. Considered one of the greatest batsmen in limited-overs cricket, also regarded as the best T20 batsman ever. Gayle has set numerous records across all three formats of cricket. He is widely acknowledged as one of the most destructive batsman in the history of the game, particularly in Twenty20. He is well known for hitting sixes; in 2012 he became the first player to hit a six off",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3997022",
"chunk_text": "\"Garfield Sobers\"\n31 August 1968, Sobers became the first batsman ever to hit six sixes in a single over of six consecutive balls in first-class cricket. The feat consisted of five clean hits for six and one six where the ball was caught but carried over the boundary by Roger Davis. Sobers was playing as captain of Nottinghamshire against Glamorgan at St. Helen's in Swansea; the unfortunate bowler was Malcolm Nash. This tally of 36 runs in an over broke a 57-year-old record of 34 runs, held by Ted Alletson. The ball was collected from a garden by 11-year-old Richard Lewis; he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17546918",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cairns\"\nhis unbeaten 102 to win the final of the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy for New Zealand against India in Kenya, and his 158 from just 172 balls in a Test against South Africa in 2004. Cairns knocked Shane Warne out of Australia's bowling attack during a 2000 test in Wellington when he launched several sixes out of the Basin Reserve and onto the adjacent street. Cairns formerly held the world record for most sixes in Tests (87, since surpassed by Adam Gilchrist), and for a time held the New Zealand record for fastest century in ODIs (75 balls, currently owned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3089359",
"chunk_text": "\"Shahid Afridi\"\nShahid Afridi Sahibzada Mohammad Shahid Khan Afridi (; ; born 1980), popularly known as Boom Boom, is a former Pakistani cricketer and former captain of the Pakistan national cricket team. As a successful all-rounder, Afridi was respected for his consistent bowling that relies on change of pace rather than spin, but drew greater attention for his aggressive batting style. Afridi was the world record holder for the fastest ODI century in 37 deliveries and holds the distinction of having hit the most number of sixes in the history of ODI cricket. Afridi considers himself a better bowler than batsman, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13284629",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited overs cricket\"\none over bowled by Daan van Bunge of the Netherlands. This record is shared by Yuvraj Singh of India who achieved this feat in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 in South Africa, he hit 6 sixes in an over bowled by Stuart Broad of England. Sachin Tendulkar holds the record of being the first male cricketer to score a double century in ODIs (200 not out). He achieved this feat against South Africa on 24 February 2010, at Gwalior, India. Virender Sehwag is the second male cricketer to score a double century, when he scored 219 before being caught out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16262402",
"chunk_text": "\"Brendon McCullum\"\nthe 2011 Christchurch earthquake. He hit his 102nd career six to surpass Adam Gilchrist as the most prolific six-hitter in test cricket. He went on to score a century off 54 balls, beating joint record by West Indian Viv Richard and Pakistani Misbah-ul-Haq's record for the fastest test century by 2 balls. He also became the second player since Jason Gillespie to score a hundred or more in his final test. McCullum also recorded the highest (170) runs scorer by the captain in farewell test and 1st captain to score a ton in farewell test. He also took four catches",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9277958",
"chunk_text": "\"Dicky Rutnagur\"\nDicky in it was always full of cigarette smoke, chat and mischief, with whisky afterwards\"\". He sometimes wrote for two national newspapers at the same time, as \"\"Dilip Rao\"\" when he wrote for \"\"The Guardian\"\" and as \"\"D.J. Rutnagur\"\" when writing for \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\". He was the only person to witness both of two great cricketing feats. He was present when Garry Sobers hit six sixes in an over from Malcolm Nash in a County Championship match in Swansea in 1968 and, more than 16 years later, he also witnessed Ravi Shastri do likewise, off Baroda slow left-armer Tilak",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3997023",
"chunk_text": "\"Garfield Sobers\"\nlater gave the ball to Sobers. In 1984–85, Indian batsman Ravi Shastri equalled the record by scoring six sixes in an over while playing for Bombay versus Baroda. An outstanding all-rounder, Sobers was left-handed as both batsman and bowler. His versatility enabled him to bowl all varieties of left-arm bowling from spin to fast-medium. As a fielder he was usually stationed close to the wicket but he was also a very capable outfielder. Richie Benaud described Sobers as \"\"the greatest all-round cricketer the world has seen\"\". Sobers, wrote Benaud, was \"\"a brilliant batsman, splendid fielder, particularly close to the wicket,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4803805",
"chunk_text": "\"Boundary (cricket)\"\nOn 24 April 2013, in a second XI game for Lancashire against Yorkshire at Scarborough, Jordan Clark hit six sixes off left-arm spinner Gurham Randhawa. On 8 July 2015, Victorian all-rounder Marcus Stoinis hit part-time medium-pacer Brendan Smith for six sixes in an over on his way to 121 from 73 balls while playing for the National Performance Squad in a 50-over match against a National Indigenous Squad. Smith, captain of the New South Wales under-17s, also sent down a wide meaning his one over of the match went for 37 runs. The game was a non-sanctioned practice match. On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8065517",
"chunk_text": "\"Eric Freeman (cricketer)\"\nfours. His best bowling figures were 8 for 47 for South Australia against the New Zealand team in 1967–68 (11 for 97 in the match). Eric Freeman was the first batsman in test history to get off the mark in his test career by scoring a six. Up to date, only 5 batsmen have achieved that feat in test cricket. Following his retirement from playing, Freeman was a commentator and statistician on cricket and football for ABC Radio in Adelaide until his retirement in 2010. Eric Freeman (cricketer) Eric \"\"Fritzy\"\" Freeman (born 13 July 1944, Semaphore, South Australia) is a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "64856",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Morris\"\nArthur Morris Arthur Robert Morris MBE (19 January 1922 – 22 August 2015) was an Australian cricketer who played 46 Test matches between 1946 and 1955. An opener, Morris is regarded as one of Australia's greatest left-handed batsmen. He is best known for his key role in Don Bradman's \"\"Invincibles\"\" side, which made an undefeated tour of England in 1948. He was the leading scorer in the Tests on the tour, with three centuries. His efforts in the Fourth Test at Headingley helped Australia to reach a world record victory target of 404 on the final day. Morris was named",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8514235",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong Cricket Sixes\"\nHong Kong Cricket Sixes The Hong Kong Cricket Sixes is a Six-a-side international cricket tournament held at the Kowloon Cricket Club comprising between eight and twelve teams. Organised by Cricket Hong Kong, it is sanctioned by the International Cricket Council. The tournament is designed for television viewing, with rules and a venue that encourage aggressive batting and high scoring. Because every player (except the wicket-keeper) is required to bowl one over, the format suits all-rounders. South Africa won the 2006 after downing five-time champions Pakistan. In 2007, Sri Lanka defeated an All-Stars team (featuring players such as Shivnarine Chanderpaul and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5947212",
"chunk_text": "\"Eddie Hemmings (cricketer)\"\nfirst test against India at Lord's in 1990, Hemmings was famously hit for four consecutive sixes by Kapil Dev from the last four balls of his over. This 24 was the exact amount required for India to avoid the follow on – they were nine wickets down at the time and Kapil Dev did not want to expose Narendra Hirwani to Angus Fraser's next over. A wise move this as it turned out as Fraser had Hirwani lbw first ball! Hemmings toured Australia with the full England side in 1990–91 at the age of 41 – playing in one test",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "9601361",
"chunk_text": "\"Stuart Broad\"\nZealand but could not prevent another defeat for England. On 19 September 2007, Indian batsman Yuvraj Singh hit six sixes from one Broad over in a group match at Kingsmead Cricket Ground in Durban, South Africa, during 2007's ICC World Twenty20. This was the fourth time the feat had been performed in senior cricket and the only time in Twenty20 cricket. The performance has never been repeated in any form of the game in international cricket against a leading bowler from a test playing nation. The 36-runs from the Broad over helped Yuvraj Singh make the quickest 50 in international",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13759422",
"chunk_text": "\"Over (cricket)\"\nover, but merely stated that the number of balls should be agreed by the two captains prior to the toss. In practice, the number of balls was usually stipulated in the playing regulations governing the match being played. Although six was the usual number of balls, it was not always the case. From the 1980 code onwards, law 17.1 was amended to read, \"\"\"\"The ball shall be bowled from each end alternately in overs of 6 balls\"\"\"\". Balls per over In England In Australia In South Africa In New Zealand In Pakistan In India, West Indies, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11796932",
"chunk_text": "\"History of cricket\"\nsix ball over. The 1947 \"\"Laws of Cricket\"\" allowed six or eight balls depending on the conditions of play. Since the 1979/80 Australian and New Zealand seasons, the six balls per over has been used worldwide and the most recent version of the Laws in 2000 only permits six ball overs. When the Imperial Cricket Conference (as it was originally called) was founded in 1909, only England, Australia and South Africa were members. West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1930) and India (1932) became Test nations before World War II and Pakistan (1952) soon afterwards. The international game grew with several",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10907569",
"chunk_text": "\"Sid Barnes\"\nSid Barnes Sidney George Barnes (5 June 1916 – 16 December 1973) was an Australian cricketer and cricket writer, who played 13 Test matches between 1938 and 1948. Able to open the innings or bat down the order, Barnes was regarded as one of Australia's finest batsmen in the period immediately following the Second World War. He helped create an enduring record when scoring 234 in the second Test against England at Sydney in December 1946; exactly the same score as his captain, Don Bradman, in the process setting a world-record 405 run fifth wicket partnership. Barnes averaged 63.05 over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4254195",
"chunk_text": "\"Yuvraj Singh\"\nthe top performers at the 2007 ICC World Twenty20, both of which India won. In a match against England at the 2007 World Twenty20, he famously hit six sixes in one over bowled by Stuart Broad — a feat performed only three times previously in any form of senior cricket, and never in an international match between two Test cricket teams. In the same match, he set the record for the fastest fifty in Twenty20 Internationals and in all Twenty20 cricket, reaching 50 runs in 12 balls. During the 2011 World Cup, he became the first player to take a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18911975",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Morris with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\nthrow over the stumps\"\". Australia amassed 431 and won completed their fourth consecutive innings victory. In the hosts' second innings, Morris took his first wicket of the tour, bowling Indian Test batsman Abdul Hafeez Kardar to end with 1/6 from three overs. The next match was against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's. The MCC fielded seven players who would represent England in the Tests, and were basically a full strength Test team, while Australia fielded their strongest possible team. Morris and Barnes retained their positions at the top of the order, while Brown played out of position in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1670287",
"chunk_text": "\"Mitchell Starc\"\nfastest bowler to take (over) 100 ODI wickets on 21 August 2016 against Sri Lanka, doing so in 52 innings and breaking Saqlain Mushtaq's 19-year-old record, of taking 100 wickets in 53 innings, before Rashid Khan owned the record on 25 March 2018 by taking 100 wickets in only 44 innings. On 30 December 2016 against Pakistan in the Boxing Day test, he broke Andrew Symonds' record of the most sixes at the MCG in one innings, hitting 7 sixes. In November 2017, he became the first bowler to take a hat-trick in each innings of a Sheffield Shield match,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16951010",
"chunk_text": "\"Ben Stokes\"\nBen Stokes Benjamin Andrew Stokes (born 4 June 1991) is an English international cricketer and former vice-captain of the England Test team. Born in Christchurch, New Zealand, Stokes moved to northern England at the age of 12, where he learnt the game and began playing club cricket for local teams. He is an all-rounder who bowls right-arm fast-medium pace, and bats left-handed. An attacking middle-order batsman, he holds the record for England's fastest ever Test double-century, the fastest ever Test match 250, and the highest ever score for a Test batsman batting at number six. He also holds the record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10061715",
"chunk_text": "\"Vijay Manjrekar\"\nwhen he made 586 runs at an average of 83.71. This included the highest score of his seven centuries, with 189 at Delhi. Another notable performance was in 1964-65 where his innings of 59 and 39 helped India to a Test victory over Australia. He scored a century in his final Test innings, coming against New Zealand at Madras in February 1965. He held the record (subsequently beaten by Jonathan Trott) for the most Test runs scored (3,208) without hitting a single six. He was among the four victims (others being Pankaj Roy, Dattajirao Gaekwad and Madhav Mantri) in India's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5376295",
"chunk_text": "\"1962–63 Ashes series\"\nto hit Titmus for four three times in an over, and became the fourth batsman to pass 6,000 Test runs after Wally Hammond, Don Bradman and Len Hutton. He drove Illingworth through the covers in the last over before tea to bring up his 21st Test century, his 6th against England. But Dexter kept the suffering spinners on until the new ball arrived after tea. Trueman and Statham were exhausted and made no impression with the new ball, so Dexter bowled himself with Illingworth chipping in with medium-paced seamers from his youth. At the end of the day the tired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "308770",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900\"\nbeaten by over an innings. There was controversy here, when Australian bowler Ernie Jones became the first Test bowler to be called for throwing. This was after Ranji had criticised Jones' bowling in the press. The third Test was won with the help of Joe Darling's 178. Darling reached his century with the first six scored in Test cricket without the aid of other throws. To get this achievement he had to hit the ball out of the ground. In the fourth Test, Clem Hill's 188 helped Australia to a comfortable win. And they also won the fifth Test comfortable,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "456258",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Gayle\"\nto score centuries in all formats of the game. Chris Gayle Christopher Henry Gayle, OD (born 21 September 1979) is a Jamaican cricketer who plays international cricket for the West Indies. Gayle captained the West Indies' Test side from 2007 to 2010. Considered one of the greatest batsmen in limited-overs cricket, also regarded as the best T20 batsman ever. Gayle has set numerous records across all three formats of cricket. He is widely acknowledged as one of the most destructive batsman in the history of the game, particularly in Twenty20. He is well known for hitting sixes; in 2012 he",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "1112571",
"chunk_text": "\"World Cricket Tsunami Appeal\"\nof the match, a straight-driven 6 off Muttiah Muralitharan from halfway down the pitch. Ponting's century was the cue for him to cut loose, hitting two consecutive 6s before being stumped off Kumble. This resulted in the surprising appearance of professional tailender Glenn McGrath at number 6 on the back of his \"\"brilliant\"\" 61 against New Zealand earlier that summer–ahead of both Stephen Fleming and Australian opener Matthew Hayden. Commentators were barely able to keep straight faces as \"\"the newest all-rounder in world cricket\"\" attempted to slog Muralitharan for 6 on the first ball, unfortunately misjudging the spin of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3137167",
"chunk_text": "\"V. V. S. Laxman\"\nWaugh's conquest of the \"\"final frontier\"\". This was only the third time in the history of cricket that a team had managed to win a Test after being forced to follow on. It has become one of the most celebrated tales of Indian cricket, and the innings is ranked the sixth best Test innings ever by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. At the time, the pitch was taking significant turn, and to negate Laxman's free scoring, Australian leg spinner Shane Warne pitched his deliveries into the footmarks outside leg stump. However, such was Laxman's play that he consistently drove the ball through",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13863936",
"chunk_text": "\"Garfield Sobers\"\nthe three years following the 1957 tour, he fulfilled his promise. In his next 24 Tests, he scored 2,250 runs at the exceptionally high average of 93.75. In 1958, he scored his maiden Test century against Pakistan in Kingston and expanded it to an unbeaten 365, breaking the world record Test score of 364 set by England's Len Hutton in 1938. Sobers batted for 614 minutes and scored 38 fours but, unusually in such a large total, no sixes. At 21 years and 216 days, he is the youngest player to break the individual scoring record in Tests, and remains",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "14652625",
"chunk_text": "\"Switch hit\"\nJune 2008 in a one-day international against New Zealand. Despite the shot becoming known due to Pietersen's successful execution of it, it is believed that Jonty Rhodes actually executed this shot first: he hit a switch-hit six off Darren Lehmann in a one day international between Australia and South Africa on March 27, 2002. Australia's David Warner is a notable user of this shot and was endorsed to use a double-faced bat in Twenty20 cricket. The shot was innovated by Pietersen using which he hit 2 sixes in the cover region. The shot is executed by changing stance from a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13759413",
"chunk_text": "\"Over (cricket)\"\nOver (cricket) In the sport of cricket, an over consists of six consecutive legal balls bowled by a single bowler from one end of a cricket pitch to the batsman at the other end. After six deliveries the umpire calls 'over'; the fielding team switches ends, and a different bowler is selected to bowl from the opposite end. The captain of the fielding team decides which bowler will bowl any given over, and no bowler may bowl two overs in succession. Although this has not always been so, with overs of four, and eight balls, currently an over must consist",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15253830",
"chunk_text": "\"Victor Trumper\"\nVictor Trumper Victor Thomas Trumper (2 November 1877 – 28 June 1915) was an Australian cricketer known as the most stylish and versatile batsman of the Golden Age of cricket, capable of playing match-winning innings on wet wickets his contemporaries found unplayable. Archie MacLaren said of him, \"\"Compared to Victor I was a cab-horse to a Derby winner\"\". Trumper was also a key figure in the foundation of rugby league in Australia. He was the first cricketer to score 7 and 8 centuries in Test match cricket. Trumper was probably born in Sydney; no definite record of his birth exists.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "819095",
"chunk_text": "\"MCC tour of Australia in 1962–63\"\nMelbourne is a huge ground and no one who hits a six here is likely to forget it. Against Veivers, an off-spinner, Dexter twice cleared the sight screen, once by a good 20 yards.\"\" After his departure Colin Cowdrey began to caressed the ball through the covers for 88, Ken Barrington a highly efficient 122 not out, Fred Titmus 37 and Barry Knight hit the 57 not like a good all rounder and the MCC make 458/5 in a day. Dexter carried on the innings for most of the next day, seeing Barrington make his first first-class double century (219",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4803806",
"chunk_text": "\"Boundary (cricket)\"\n23 July 2017, Worcestershire Rapid's Ross Whiteley hit 6 sixes off six legal deliveries plus one wide to take the total number of runs in that over to 37 off bowler Karl Carver at Headingley. That achievement did not help Worcestershire Rapids beat the Yorkshire Vikings as the Yorkshire Vikings won by 37 runs after David Willey smashed 118. In October 2018 Afghan player Hazratullah Zazai hit 6 sixes in an over, becoming the third ever batsman to do so in a Twenty20. Boundary (cricket) In cricket a boundary is the edge or boundary of the playing field, or a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13284628",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited overs cricket\"\nThe best bowling figures are eight for 15 by Rahul Sanghvi for Delhi against Himachal Pradesh in a 50-overs match at Una in 1997. The highest international individual innings is by Rohit Sharma who scored 264. The highest score in any formal limited overs match is believed to be United's 630 for five against Bay Area in a 45 overs match at Richmond, California in August 2006. The most runs in an over was scored by Herschelle Gibbs of the South African cricket team when, in the 2007 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies, he hit 6 sixes in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18901013",
"chunk_text": "\"Anil Kumble\"\nAnil Kumble Anil Kumble ( born 17 October 1970) is a former Indian cricketer and a former captain of Tests and ODIs, who played Tests and ODIs for 18 years. A right-arm leg spin (leg break googly) bowler, he took 619 wickets in Test cricket and remains the third-highest wicket taker of all time (as of 2018, behind Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne). In 1999 while playing against Pakistan, Kumble dismissed all ten batsmen in a Test match innings, joining England’s Jim Laker as the only players to achieve the feat. Unlike his contemporaries, Kumble was not a big turner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10934180",
"chunk_text": "\"BJ Watling\"\nperformed credibly on New Zealand's home and away series against England, and then scored his second test century on New Zealand's 2013 tour of Bangladesh. On 16–17 February 2014 Watling scored 124 runs against India. His 352 run partnership with New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum was at the time the highest sixth wicket stand in test cricket history. The record was surpassed on 5–6 January 2015 by Watling and Kane Williamson with an unbroken 365 run partnership before a declaration against Sri Lanka at Wellington's Basin Reserve. Both players posted their highest test scores, with Williamson not out on 242",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3742364",
"chunk_text": "\"Hugh Tayfield\"\nHugh Tayfield Hugh Joseph Tayfield (30 January 1929 – 24 February 1994) was a cricketer. He played 37 Test matches for South Africa from 1949 to 1960 and was one of the best off spinners the game has seen. He was the fastest South African to take 100 wickets in Tests (in terms of matches played) until Dale Steyn claimed the record in March 2008. He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1956. He was known as 'Toey Tayfield' due to his habit of stubbing his toes into the ground before every delivery. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8214787",
"chunk_text": "\"Rajesh Chauhan\"\nRajesh Chauhan Rajesh Chauhan (born 19 December 1966 in Ranchi, Bihar) is a former Indian cricketer who played in 21 Tests and 35 ODIs from 1993 to 1998. He was part of the Indian spin trio of Kumble (Leg break) -Raju (Left arm orthodox)-Chauhan (Off break), in the 1990s. Although his own contributions were only of limited value, India lost none of the 21 Tests in which he played. The record, for which he is perhaps remembered most for his last-over six off Saqlain Mushtaq at Karachi in 1997, which sealed a four-wicket win for India against Pakistan. In April",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4210855",
"chunk_text": "\"Ravi Shastri\"\nsixes came off a single over of the left arm spinner Tilak Raj. In terms of the number of sixes, it bettered the 58-year-old Indian record of CK Nayudu who had struck 11 sixes against a touring MCC team at Bombay Gymkhana in 1926–7. Shastri's unfinished sixth wicket stand of 204* with Ghulam Parkar, who contributed only 33 to the partnership, took only 83 minutes. In Baroda's second innings, Shastri took two wickets in four overs. Except for a few series in Pakistan and the 1983 World Cup final, the World Championship of Cricket in Australia was the first time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11723767",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ashes\"\nof Test cricket. Five matches were played in 1902 but the first two were drawn after being hit by bad weather. In the First Test (the first played at Edgbaston), after scoring 376 England bowled out Australia for 36 (Wilfred Rhodes 7/17) and reduced them to 46–2 when they followed on. Australia won the Third and Fourth Tests at Bramall Lane and Old Trafford respectively. At Old Trafford, Australia won by just 3 runs after Victor Trumper had scored 104 on a \"\"bad wicket\"\", reaching his hundred before lunch on the first day. England won the last Test at The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17315625",
"chunk_text": "\"Australian cricket team in Australia in 1946–47\"\ndid not make batting a lottery he simply made more runs. He made them fast too, until the 1990s his 3.7 runs per six ball over in Tests was the fastest scoring rate of any batsmen except Gilbert Jessop (4.2). Even if his pre-war career was ignored his feats would make him the greatest batsman of all time; 680 runs (97.14) against England in 1946–47, 715 runs (178.75) against India in 1947–48 and 508 runs (72.57) in England in 1948, with 8 hundreds in his last 15 Tests. Ironically he was bowled by an Eric Hollies googly for a duck",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15906943",
"chunk_text": "\"2006–07 Ashes series\"\nTests. Hussey got out rather cheaply, being caught behind by Geraint Jones. Adam Gilchrist made a quickfire 50 off only 40 balls. After that, he hit 3 sixes and a four from one Monty Panesar over, with the over ultimately costing 24 runs. Subsequent overs cost 10 and 18, with Gilchrist recording what was at the time the second-fastest century in Test Cricket behind Viv Richards (the mark is the fastest in Ashes history, however), in just 57 balls. In an interview after the day's play, Gilchrist explained that he was unaware of how close he was to the record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10501506",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark Waugh\"\nstirred questions about his position in the team. The scrutiny increased after Waugh failed to pass 20 in the First Test against New Zealand in Brisbane and dropped a catch. Waugh made a turnaround in the Second Test in Perth, taking a horizontal airborne catch of Chris Cairns at full stretch. He proceeded to score 86, including a lofted drive from Daniel Vettori onto the roof of the Lillee-Marsh Stand. The ball travelled approximately 130 m, one of the longest sixes in history. Australia went on to win the match and Waugh made 81 in the Third Test and ended",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16738940",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Morris with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\npartnerships. Bill Edrich hit a long hop from Morris's left arm unorthodox spin to the boundary to reach his century, before Bedser lifted him high over square leg for six. This prompted Bradman to replace Morris after he conceded 20 runs in five overs as England reached 2/423. Edrich was out when he attempted to pull Johnson to the on side in the large gap between mid-on and square leg, but only hit it in the air to Morris, who completed the catch diving forwards at wide mid-on to leave the score at 4/426, before England collapsed to 496. England",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_880
|
how long has it been since eagles went to super bowl?
|
n/a
|
[
"2018"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "10494373",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nRedskins during the 2017 season for the first time since the 2013 season. The Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers are both located in Pennsylvania and began play in 1933. From that season, through 1966, this was a major rivalry for both teams as both were part of the same division. In 1967, they were placed in separate divisions but remained in the same conference for three years. In 1970, the Steelers (along with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts) moved to the American Football Conference while the Eagles stayed with the rest of the old-line NFL teams in the National Football",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14924367",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nHistory of the Philadelphia Eagles The history of the Philadelphia Eagles begins in 1933. In their history, the Eagles have appeared in the Super Bowl three times, losing in their first two appearances but winning the third, in 2018. They won three NFL Championships, the precursor to the Super Bowl, in four appearances. The beginning era of the Eagles history, 1933 to 1939, was influenced by its owner, and then also coach, Bert Bell. After Bell ostensibly sold the team, to Alexis Thompson in 1940, the second era of the Eagles history was largely directed by their coach and future",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494404",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nstarring Danny DeVito makes several references to the Philadelphia Eagles, most notably Season 3, Episode 2 – \"\"The Gang Gets Invincible,\"\" the title being a reference to the Wahlberg film. Philadelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494322",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nPhiladelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960. The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12693612",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n2016 home opener against the Cleveland Browns, and the 2017 home opener against the Giants. In the 2010 season against the Green Bay Packers, on September 12, 2010, the Eagles wore uniforms similar to the ones that were worn by the 1960 championship team in honor the 50th anniversary of that team. In weeks 4 and 6 of the 2010 season, the Eagles wore their white jerseys in a match-up against the Washington Redskins and Atlanta Falcons respectively before reverting to their midnight green jerseys for the rest of their home games. For the 2011 season, the Eagles did not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14924453",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\ninjuries plagued the team including their quarterback Carson Wentz who was still recovering from an ACL injury. Nick Foles would be the starting quarterback to begin the season and helped win the team their opening game against the Atlanta Falcons 18-12. History of the Philadelphia Eagles The history of the Philadelphia Eagles begins in 1933. In their history, the Eagles have appeared in the Super Bowl three times, losing in their first two appearances but winning the third, in 2018. They won three NFL Championships, the precursor to the Super Bowl, in four appearances. The beginning era of the Eagles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "12693608",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nhowever, re-appeared for the 2008 Thanksgiving night game against the Arizona Cardinals. The black jerseys were most recently used in a December 21, 2016 game against the New York Giants, in which they won 24-19. From 2006 to 2013, the Eagles have only worn the alternate black jerseys once a season and for the last November home game, but did not use them in 2007, 2010, and 2011. For the 2007 and 2010 seasons, the Eagles used throwback uniforms in place of the black alternates for their anniversary to commemorate past teams. The team also started wearing black shoes exclusively",
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\ngoal by Jake Elliott to make the final score 41–33. The franchise won their first Super Bowl ever and their first championship since 1960. Foles won Super Bowl MVP going 28 out of 43 with 373 passing yards, three touchdowns, and an interception. Foles became the first backup quarterback to start and win a Super Bowl since his opponent Tom Brady won as the backup for Drew Bledsoe in 2002's Super Bowl XXXVI. One of the NFL's oldest, this rivalry began on October 15, 1933 when the Giants defeated the newly founded Eagles 56–0. The all-time series is tied at",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nfirst time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\n2004 and 2018), and won in 2018. The franchise frequently finished at the bottom of the standings in the 1930s, but improved in the 1940s, and became the only NFL team to win back to back championships by shutout (in 1948 and 1949). Though the franchise was average for much of the 1950s, the 1960 championship-winning Eagles were the only team to defeat the Vince Lombardi-coached Packers in a playoff game. The Eagles did not experience much success in the 1960s and early 1970s, but the franchise made four straight playoff appearances starting in 1978, including a Super Bowl appearance",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "16032894",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbases, with incidents such as the 1989 Bounty Bowl. The rivalry has even spilled over into Draft Weekend, with Cowboys legend Drew Pearson and Eagles legend David Akers exchanging insults at the opposing franchise in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Not as big as the rivalries between the Giants and Cowboys, that with division rivals Washington Redskins is still fierce. It started in 1934 when the Washington Redskins were first known as the Boston Redskins; the Redskins defeated the Eagles 6–0, and lead the all-time series 85–76–6. The rivalry has been very even since 2010 overall. However, the Eagles swept the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nConference. As a result, the Eagles and Steelers no longer played each other every year; instead, they are scheduled to meet once every four years in the regular season, the most recent meeting being in 2016 at Lincoln Financial Field, with the Eagles winning 34–3. The Steelers have lost nine straight games on the road against the Eagles dating back to 1966, which was also the start of the Super Bowl era. The Eagles lead the all-time series 47–28–3. For several decades, the Eagles' colors were kelly green, silver, and white. In 1954, the Eagles, along with the Baltimore Colts,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nto overcome numerous injuries, particularly to its defense, to reach the NFC Championship for the third year in a row, only to suffer a heartbreaking 14-3 loss against the Carolina Panthers. On January 23, 2005, the Eagles reached a fourth consecutive conference championship game (the first time this happened in the salary cap era of the NFL). At long last, the Eagles justified the hopes of their long-suffering fan base, defeating Michael Vick's much-hyped Atlanta Falcons, 27-10, sending them to their first Super Bowl in 24 years. The victory sent the city of Philadelphia into wild celebrations. With two Super",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nMike Golic, Byron Evans, Eric Allen, Andre Waters and Mark McMillian. Jeffrey Lurie bought the Eagles on May 6, 1994 from then-owner Norman Braman for an estimated $185 million. The club is now estimated to be the 17th most valuable sports team, worth $1.314 billion, as valuated in 2014 by Forbes. In Lurie's first season as owner, the team only had 7 wins, but that was followed by a 10-win season in 1995. Besides the 10 wins and a playoff berth, 1996 was an eventful year. The uniforms changed from the classic shade of Kelly Green to a darker midnight",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSeahawks, 28–24, ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, 34-28, two years later. The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams (5 by the Patriots, 3 by the Red Sox, and one each by the Celtics and Bruins) since 2002. With the Eagles’ loss, the city of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philly-based pro sports team since the 1983 Sixers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "14190442",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nPhiladelphia baseball club, the history of baseball in Philadelphia extends to even before the Athletics, as Philadelphians were playing town ball by the 1820s. The Philadelphia Eagles, founded in 1933, are members of the East Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League. They have operated continuously since then, with the partial exception of the 1943 season, when the Eagles temporarily merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers to become the Steagles. The Eagles have won three NFL titles (1948, 1949, 1960), four conference championships, and thirteen division championships. They have made three Super Bowl appearances (in 1980,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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{
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"chunk_id": "8649173",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lombardi Curse\"\nthat the franchise is cursed by Vince Lombardi; that beating Lombardi meant never winning the trophy named after him. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41 to 33 in Super Bowl LII at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 4, 2018, ending the alleged curse. In 1958, the Philadelphia Eagles offered and nearly hired Vince Lombardi to be their head coach after having served as the offensive coordinator for the New York Giants, but after some discussion he refused it in the end. The Eagles were reportedly not happy with his decision. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\none of the fiercest and most well-known rivalries in the American football community. They also have a bitter rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys, which has become more high-profile since the 1960s, as well as a historic rivalry with the Washington Redskins. Their rivalry with the Pittsburgh Steelers is another bitter rivalry, roughly dating back to 1933, that mostly arises from the two teams' statuses as being from opposite ends of the same state. The team consistently ranks among the best in the league in attendance and has sold out every game since the 1999 season. In a \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" poll",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbefore any major uniform changes and alterations can be made, it would most likely be quite some time before any uniform changes are officially made. In Week 6 of 2014 against the New York Giants, the team introduced black pants to complement their black jerseys, giving them a blackout uniform set, the Eagles won the game 27–0. The victory was their first shutout in 18 years. The blackout uniform was most recently worn in a Week 16 victory, 19-10, against the Raiders in 2017. The Eagles are 6–3 in their blackout uniforms: winning three times against the Giants and once",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\non December 28, 2008 and advanced to the playoffs. The Eagles then defeated the Minnesota Vikings 26-14 in the first round of the playoffs on January 4, 2009. They defeated their division rival and the defending Super Bowl champions the New York Giants 23-11 in the NFC Divisional Round to advance to their fifth NFC Championship game in nine years. For the third time in a decade, an all-Pennsylvania Super Bowl seemed possible, as the Pittsburgh Steelers won the AFC Championship against the Baltimore Ravens. However, the Eagles lost 32-25 to the Arizona Cardinals. In August, the team stirred up",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8780917",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nin 1980. After another down period, the franchise made the playoffs in six of nine seasons between 1988 and 1996. Andy Reid was hired as head coach in 1999, and across fourteen seasons he led the franchise to nine playoff appearances and a run to the 2004 Super Bowl. After Chip Kelly's three-year tenure as head coach, the Eagles hired Doug Pederson, a former offensive coordinator under Reid. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. In 1994, defensive end Reggie White, running back Steve Van Buren, and two-way players Chuck Bednarik and Pete Pihos were named",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nas the \"\"Steagles.\"\" (The merger, never intended as a permanent arrangement, was dissolved at the end of the 1943 season.) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle \"\"Greasy\"\" Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949. Those two championships mark the Eagles as the only NFL team ever to win back-to-back championships by shutouts, defeating the Chicago Cardinals, 7–0, in 1948—in a blizzard—and the Los Angeles Rams, 14–0, in 1949. After the 1957 season, the Eagles moved from Connie Mack Stadium to Franklin Field",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSuper Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of",
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nPlace became the first building to surpass the height of the William Penn statue on top of City Hall's tower in 1987. After ten years passed without another championship, the Eagles won their first Super Bowl in 2018. In 2004, ESPN placed Philadelphia second on its list of The Fifteen Most Tortured Sports Cities. Fans of the Eagles and Phillies were singled out as the worst fans in the country by \"\"GQ\"\" magazine in 2011, which used the subtitle of \"\"Meanest Fans in America\"\" to summarize incidents of drunken behavior and a history of booing. Major professional sports teams that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Merrill Reese\"\n(1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the \"\"Philly Special\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n86–86–2. Three of the best known comebacks against the Giants are labeled as \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands – Herm Edwards\"\", \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands II – Brian Westbrook\"\" and \"\"Miracle In The New Meadowlands – DeSean Jackson\"\". The Cowboys have been one of the Eagles' biggest rivals. The Eagles won the first game in this rivalry 27–25 on September 30, 1960. Dallas leads the all-time series 63–51–0. They have been close in recent years, with Dallas winning 12 games from 2006 to the present while the Eagles have also won 12. There is much hostility between the two teams' fan",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "10494377",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nwas practically abandoned, as uniform pants moved to either white or midnight green. The traditional helmet wings were changed to a primarily white color, with silver and black accents. The team's logo combination (the eagle and club name lettering) also changed in 1996, with the eagle itself limited to a white (bald eagle) head, drawn in a less realistic, more cartoon-based style, and the lettering changing from calligraphic to block letters. Since the 1996 alterations, the team has made only minor alterations, mostly relating to jersey/pant combinations worn during specific games. For example, in 1997, against the San Francisco 49ers,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nYuengling later retracted their file for the trademark. At the NFL Owners Meetings in Orlando, Doug Pederson said that the play is being unofficially retired for at least the next season due to other teams' awareness of the play. On June 14, 2018, the Eagles received their Super Bowl rings. The bezel of the ring contained 127 diamonds, which is the total from the numbers of the jerseys of the three players who handled the ball after the snap on the Philly Special—Corey Clement (30), Trey Burton (88) and Nick Foles (9). In September 2018, a statue commemorating the Philly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2568707",
"chunk_text": "\"Duce Staley\"\nwas promoted to special teams quality control coach. After the departure of Andy Reid, Staley remained on the new staff with Chip Kelly and was promoted to the team's running backs coach. Kelly was fired as the team's head coach in December 2015 and Staley was interviewed for the vacant head coaching job in January 2016. Staley was retained as the team's running backs coach by new head coach Doug Pederson on January 20, 2016. On February 4, 2018, Staley won his first Super Bowl as a coach, and second overall, as the Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 in Super",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Doug Pederson\"\nDoug Pederson Douglas Irving Pederson (born January 31, 1968) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles of the [[National Football delivering the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] their first Super Bowl win in franchise history in Super Bowl LII. He served as the [[offensive coordinator]] of the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] from 2013–2015. He spent most of his playing career as a member of the [[Green Bay Packers]], serving as a backup [[quarterback]] to [[Brett Favre]] and [[Holder (gridiron football)|holder]] on [[placekick]]s, and winning [[Super Bowl XXXI]] with the team over the [[New",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nagainst each of the Minnesota Vikings, Denver Broncos, and Oakland Raiders, and losing against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. The Eagles previously held their preseason training camp from the end of July through mid-August each year at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley. With the addition of head coach Chip Kelly, the Eagles in 2013, moved their training camp to the NovaCare Complex in Philadelphia. Training camps were previously held at Chestnut Hill Academy in 1935, Saint Joseph's University in 1939 and 1943, Saranac Lake from 1946 to 1948, Hershey from 1951 to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nas General Manager and Jerry Williams as coach. With the merger of the NFL and AFL in 1970, the Eagles were placed in the NFC East Division with their archrivals the New York Giants, the Washington Redskins, and the Dallas Cowboys. Their heated rivalry with the Giants is the oldest of the NFC East rivalries, dating all the way back to 1933 and is often named as one of the best rivalries in the NFL. In , Dick Vermeil was hired from UCLA to coach the Eagles, who had only one winning season from 1962 to 1975. Starting in 1978,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nin 2004. Since 2014, the Eagles have worn the black jersey twice per season. In 2016, they wore the black jersey three times. To celebrate the team's 75th anniversary, the 2007 uniforms featured a 75th-season logo patch on the left shoulder. In addition, the team wore \"\"throwback\"\" jerseys in a 2007 game against the Detroit Lions. The yellow and blue jerseys, the same colors found on Philadelphia's city flag, are based on those worn by the Philadelphia Eagles in the team's inaugural season, and were the same colors used by the former Frankford Yellow Jackets franchise prior to their suspension",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nlevels of the sport for confirming proper alignment before a play. The Eagles went on to win Super Bowl LII, 41–33. It was the team's first NFL championship since 1960, and first ever Super Bowl win. After the game, coach Doug Pederson told reporters \"\"We call [the play] the Philly special...\"\" Pederson also noted that the play came from “...[looking] at different plays around the league and the collegiate ranks, and things that over the years that might fit what we do. We found this one that fit, and we’ve been working on it for the last couple of weeks",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\ngreen, quarterback Randall Cunningham left after 11 seasons, and future fan favorite 13-year starter Brian Dawkins was drafted in the 2nd round. After slipping to 6–9–1, and then to 3–13, head coach Ray Rhodes was fired after four seasons. In 1999, the Eagles hired head coach Andy Reid and drafted quarterback Donovan McNabb. From 1999 until 2004, the team continually improved, going from 5–11 in 1999, returning to the playoffs in with an 11–5 record in 2000, being eliminated in the divisional round. Moreover, the Eagles played in four straight NFC Championship Games between 2001 and 2004. In 2001, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n1967, Albright College from 1968 to 1972, Widener University from 1973 to 1979, and West Chester University from 1980 to 1995. This fight song is heard during Eagles' home games after touchdowns and before the team is introduced prior to kickoff. Although the method may vary, studies that attempt to rank the 32 fan bases in the NFL consistently place Eagles fans among the best in the league, noting their \"\"unmatched fervor.\"\" Eagles fans have numerous dedicated web communities, ranking the Eagles just behind the Phillies as the dominant Philadelphia sports presence on the web. The American City Business Journals,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\non December 11, 1988. In the 2010s, the Redskins have struggled to consistently compete for the Division title, but still play the Cowboys particularly tough, posting an impressive upset victory against Dallas in 2014, despite being outclassed by the Cowboys in the overall standings. The competition with Philadelphia has been particularly intense since the late 1970s, when the long-moribund Eagles returned to contention. In January 1981, the two teams faced off in the NFC Championship, with Philadelphia winning 20–7. A series of other factors heightened tensions during the 1980s and 1990s, including several provocative actions by Philadelphia fans and Eagles",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "10494369",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nsince week 15 and threw for 352 passing yards and three touchdowns. The Eagles traveled to Minneapolis to compete in Super Bowl LII, their third attempt at a title, against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX from 2005. With Foles at the helm, Philadelphia started off the game strong, leading the Patriots 22–12 at halftime. New England's only lead was by one point in the fourth quarter, 33–32. The Eagles rallied back and scored an 11-yard touchdown to tight end Zach Ertz. The last score of the game was a 46-yard field",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "12693610",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nof operations in 1931. The Eagles beat Detroit, 56–21. The Eagles wear their white jerseys at home for preseason games and daytime games in the first half of the regular season from September to mid-October when the temperature is warmer. In night contests in the first half of the regular season, the Eagles do not need to wear white at home since the temperature is cooler. However, there have been exceptions, such as the home opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2003 and the Washington Redskins in 2007 that were played at night. In late October or beginning in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12693624",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\ncity. The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles. The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets. Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005 season, the Eagles ranked second in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nPhiladelphia. Bell, Chuck Bednarik, Bob Brown, Brian Dawkins, Reggie White, Steve Van Buren, Tommy McDonald, Greasy Neale, Pete Pihos, Sonny Jurgensen, Terrell Owens, and Norm Van Brocklin have been inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The team has an intense rivalry with the New York Giants. This rivalry is the oldest in the NFC East and is among the oldest in the NFL. It was ranked by NFL Network as the number one rivalry of all-time and \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" ranks it amongst the Top 10 NFL rivalries of all-time at number four, and according to ESPN, it is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_text": "\"Curse of Billy Penn\"\nplaced a new William Penn figurine atop the building's highest beam in hopes to ward off the curse. On February 4, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl in team history, and first championship since the 1960 NFL Championship. Curse of Billy Penn The Curse of Billy Penn was a curse used to explain the failure of major professional sports teams based in Philadelphia to win championships since the March 1987 construction of the One Liberty Place skyscraper, which exceeded the height of William Penn's statue atop",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nthe team wore midnight green jerseys and pants for the first of only two occasions in team history. The second occasion was in 2002, during the final regular season game at Veterans Stadium, a win over the division-rival Washington Redskins. A year later, in the first two games of the 2003 season (both home losses to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New England Patriots), the Eagles wore white jerseys with white pants. Since 2003, the white jerseys along with white pants have been worn during preseason games. The 2003 season also saw the first (though only subtle) change to the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Nick Foles\"\navoid injury in the regular season finale, a 6–0 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. On January 13, 2018, the Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10, in the NFC Divisional playoff game, with Foles completing 23 of 30 passes for 246 yards. This was the Eagles' first playoff victory in nine seasons. On January 21, 2018, the Eagles defeated the Minnesota Vikings, 38–7, in the NFC Championship Game, with Foles going 26 of 33 for 352 yards and 3 touchdowns. The Vikings were 3-point favorites with the league's top-ranked defense entering the game. In Super Bowl LII, Foles caught a touchdown",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"bge_score": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nsuch as Patrick Robinson, Chris Long, Corey Graham, Tim Jernigan and Ronald Darby. The team addressed its defense mostly in the draft, using its top three picks on defensive players. The Eagles drafted Derek Barnett with the 14th overall pick. They opened the season on the road versus the Washington Redskins and won the game 30–17. The team lost to the Kansas City Chiefs the following week, 27–20, in Pederson's return to face Andy Reid. The Eagles then won six consecutive games, including a road victory against the Carolina Panthers, 28–23. On the morning of October 31, 2017, just before",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
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"chunk_text": "\"Doug Pederson\"\nleague MVP, tore his ACL in Week 14, leaving backup [[Nick Foles]] with the starting job for the remainder of the year. Despite becoming major playoff underdogs due to the loss of Wentz, Foles filled in admirably as the starter, allowing Philadelphia to make it to [[Super Bowl LII]], their first Super Bowl appearance since the 2004 season. Eventual Super Bowl MVP Foles led the team in a 41-33 win over the [[New England Patriots]], giving them their first Lombardi Trophy in franchise history and their first league championship since 1960. On May 3, 2018, it was reported the Philadelphia",
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"page_id": 46
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494343",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nhernia and a broken thumb, starting 4–2 but losing three in a row, before McNabb finally succumbs to injury and is out for the rest of the season. For obnoxious behavior and a feud with McNabb, Owens was suspended after 7 games, eventually being cut. In 2006, the team lost McNabb 10 games in and went into turmoil, but Westbrook stepped up, and the Eagles earned their fifth NFC East title under coach Reid, with a 10–6 record and a win in the wild card round, but they finished .500 in 2007. In 2008, the team won their 500th game,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18498882",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nthe Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19067750",
"chunk_text": "\"Nigel Bradham\"\na 15–10 victory against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional Round. The Philadelphia Eagles reached Super Bowl LII after defeating the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 4, 2018, Bradham started in Super Bowl LII and recorded seven combined tackles in the Eagles' 41–33 victory over the New England Patriots. On March 14, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles signed Bradham to a five-year, $40 million contract that includes $14 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $5 million. On June 29, 2018, Bradham was suspended for the first game of the season for violating the NFL's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_881
|
who did the united states win its independence from?
|
n/a
|
[
"the British Empire",
"Great Britain"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14312660",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nUnited States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12765886",
"chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (United States)\"\nother public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States. During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain's rule. After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10399528",
"chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nas Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and John Adams eventually resulted in seeking full independence from the mother country. Thus, the Declaration of Independence, unanimously ratified on 4 July 1776, was a radical and decisive break. The United States of America became the first colony in the world to successfully achieve independence in the modern era. In early 1775 the Patriots forced all the British officials and soldiers out of the new nation. The British returned in force in August 1776, and captured New York City, which became their base until the war ended in 1783. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13833439",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nAmerican Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th-century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11730090",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolution\"\nsecond British army at Yorktown in the fall of 1781, effectively ending the war. The Treaty of Paris was signed September 3, 1783, formally ending the conflict and confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida. Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of the United States Constitution, establishing a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive, a national judiciary, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1163127",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nNew Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Lee Resolution for independence was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. The Committee of Five had drafted the Declaration to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12765885",
"chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (United States)\"\nIndependence Day (United States) Independence Day (colloquial: the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as free and independent states, the United States of America, and were no longer connected to the British Crown. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8879243",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nat embarrassingly low levels. With the British invasion of the state in 1781, Virginia was mired in class division as its native son, George Washington, made desperate appeals for troops. These are some of the standard works about the war in general that are not listed above; books about specific campaigns, battles, units, and individuals can be found in those articles. American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th-century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11587097",
"chunk_text": "\"Decolonization of the Americas\"\nand France has fully \"\"integrated\"\" most of its former colonies as fully constituent \"\"departments\"\" of France. The United States of America declared independence from Great Britain on July 2, 1776 (although the event is now commemorated on July 4, the date when the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted by Congress), in so doing becoming the first independent, foreign-recognized nation in the Americas and the first European colonial entity to break from its mother country. Britain formally acknowledged American independence in 1783 after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War. Although initially occupying only the land east of the Mississippi",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8123125",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolution\"\nland in six states. American Revolution The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in alliance with France and others. Members of American colonial society argued the position of \"\"no taxation without representation\"\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body. Protests steadily escalated to the Boston",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7970796",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\nHistory of the United States (1776–1789) Between 1776 and 1789, the United States of America emerged as an independent country, creating and ratifying its new constitution and establishing its national government. In order to assert their traditional rights, American Patriots seized control of the colonies and launched a war for independence. The Americans declared independence on July 4, 1776, proclaiming \"\"all men are created equal\"\". Congress raised the Continental Army under the command of General George Washington, forged a military alliance with France and defeated the two main British invasion armies. Nationalists replaced the governing Articles of Confederation to strengthen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19286937",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\npunitive laws by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts. Armed conflict began in 1775. In 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared the independence of the colonies as the United States of America. Led by General George Washington, it won the Revolutionary War with large support from France. The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River (except Canada and Florida). The Articles of Confederation established a central government, but it was ineffectual at providing stability, as it could not collect taxes and had no executive officer. A convention in 1787 wrote a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11730085",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolution\"\nAmerican Revolution The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in alliance with France and others. Members of American colonial society argued the position of \"\"no taxation without representation\"\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body. Protests steadily escalated to the Boston Massacre in 1770 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4315548",
"chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nof July is celebrated annually as Independence Day. The Second Continental Congress declared on September 9 \"\"where, heretofore, the words 'United Colonies' have been used, the stile be altered for the future to the 'United States' \"\". In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak government that operated until 1789. Britain recognized the independence of the United States following their defeat at Yorktown in 1781. In the peace treaty of 1783, American sovereignty was recognized from the Atlantic coast west to the Mississippi River. Nationalists led the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in writing the United States Constitution, ratified in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14179729",
"chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (United States)\"\nIndependence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. Rebild National Park in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States. Independence Day (United States) Independence Day (colloquial: the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as free and independent states, the United States of America, and were no longer connected to the British Crown. The Congress",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8347740",
"chunk_text": "\"American nationalism\"\nAmerica. American Patriots won the American Revolutionary War and received generous peace terms from Britain in 1783. The minority of Loyalists (loyal to King George III) could remain or leave, but about 80% remained and became full American citizens. Frequent parades along with new rituals and ceremonies—and a new flag—provided popular occasions for expressing a spirit of American nationalism. The new nation operated under the very weak national government set up by the Articles of Confederation and most Americans put loyalty to their state ahead of loyalty to the nation. Nationalists led by George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16723731",
"chunk_text": "\"Lee Resolution\"\nLee Resolution The Lee Resolution (also known as \"\"The Resolution for Independence\"\") was the formal assertion passed by the Second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776 which declared the establishment of a new country of United Colonies as independent from the British Empire, creating what became the United States of America. News of this act was published that evening in the \"\"Pennsylvania Evening Post\"\" and the next day in the \"\"Pennsylvania Gazette\"\". The text of the document formally announcing this action was the Declaration of Independence, approved two days later on July 4, 1776, which is celebrated as Independence Day.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16718177",
"chunk_text": "\"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\nSigning of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \"\"United States of America,\"\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6765711",
"chunk_text": "\"Thirteen Colonies\"\nand become states. The Second Continental Congress assembled in May 1775 and began to coordinate armed resistance against Britain. It established a government that recruited soldiers and printed its own money. General Washington took command of the Patriot soldiers in New England and forced the British to withdraw from Boston. In 1776, the Thirteen Colonies declared their independence from Britain. With the help of France and Spain, they defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War. In the Treaty of Paris (1783), Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States of America. The colonial population rose to a quarter",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3571275",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nbeing the 1789 \"\"Declaration of Flanders\"\" issued during the Brabant Revolution in the Austrian Netherlands. It also served as the primary model for numerous declarations of independence in Europe and Latin America, as well as Africa (Liberia) and Oceania (New Zealand) during the first half of the 19th century. By the time that the Declaration of Independence was adopted in July 1776, the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain had been at war for more than a year. Relations had been deteriorating between the colonies and the mother country since 1763. Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase revenue from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16723750",
"chunk_text": "\"Lee Resolution\"\nto the resolution of independence and the Declaration of Independence in the \"\"Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789\"\", from American Memory, published by the Library of Congress: Lee Resolution The Lee Resolution (also known as \"\"The Resolution for Independence\"\") was the formal assertion passed by the Second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776 which declared the establishment of a new country of United Colonies as independent from the British Empire, creating what became the United States of America. News of this act was published that evening in the \"\"Pennsylvania Evening Post\"\" and the next day in the \"\"Pennsylvania Gazette\"\". The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2062974",
"chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nfrom Siberia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the French and Indian War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3571278",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nAmerica, so the First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia in September 1774 to coordinate a response. Congress organized a boycott of British goods and petitioned the king for repeal of the acts. These measures were unsuccessful because King George and the ministry of Prime Minister Lord North were determined to enforce parliamentary supremacy in America. As the king wrote to North in November 1774, \"\"blows must decide whether they are to be subject to this country or independent\"\". Most colonists still hoped for reconciliation with Great Britain, even after fighting began in the American Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5631472",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\ngave a speech in reply to Dickinson, restating the case for an immediate declaration. A vote was taken after a long day of speeches, each colony casting a single vote, as always. The delegation for each colony numbered from two to seven members, and each delegation voted amongst themselves to determine the colony's vote. Pennsylvania and South Carolina voted against declaring independence. The New York delegation abstained, lacking permission to vote for independence. Delaware cast no vote because the delegation was split between Thomas McKean, who voted yes, and George Read, who voted no. The remaining nine delegations voted in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1163139",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nof Caesar Rodney, who voted for independence. The New York delegation abstained once again since they were still not authorized to vote for independence, although they were allowed to do so a week later by the New York Provincial Congress. The resolution of independence was adopted with twelve affirmative votes and one abstention, and the colonies officially severed political ties with Great Britain. John Adams wrote to his wife on the following day and predicted that July 2 would become a great American holiday He thought that the vote for independence would be commemorated; he did not foresee that Americans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3571321",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n9, with thousands of British troops on ships in the harbor. Washington and Congress hoped that the Declaration would inspire the soldiers, and encourage others to join the army. After hearing the Declaration, crowds in many cities tore down and destroyed signs or statues representing royal authority. An equestrian statue of King George in New York City was pulled down and the lead used to make musket balls. British officials in North America sent copies of the Declaration to Great Britain. It was published in British newspapers beginning in mid-August, it had reached Florence and Warsaw by mid-September, and a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5631466",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nare now obscure, having been overshadowed by the declaration approved by Congress on July 2, and signed July 4. Some colonies held back from endorsing independence. Resistance was centered in the middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Advocates of independence saw Pennsylvania as the key; if that colony could be converted to the pro-independence cause, it was believed that the others would follow. On May 1, however, opponents of independence retained control of the Pennsylvania Assembly in a special election that had focused on the question of independence. In response, Congress passed a resolution on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11587096",
"chunk_text": "\"Decolonization of the Americas\"\nDecolonization of the Americas Decolonization of the Americas refers to the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule. Decolonization began with a series of revolutions in the late 18th and early to mid-19th centuries. The status quo then prevailed for more than a century, excepting the independence of Cuba (whose war for independence culminated in the Spanish–American War). Peaceful independence by voluntary withdrawal of colonial powers then became the norm in the second half of the 20th century. However, there are still many British and Dutch colonies in North America (mostly Caribbean islands),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6040581",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nterritorial gains were of little value to Spain. France's only net gains were the island of Tobago in the Caribbean and Senegal in Africa, after agreeing to return all other colonial conquests to British sovereignty. Britain returned Dutch Caribbean territories to Dutch sovereignty, in exchange for free trade rights in the Dutch East Indies and control of the Indian port of Negapatnam. Preliminary peace articles were signed in Paris on 30 November 1782, while preliminaries between Britain, Spain, France, and the Netherlands continued until September 1783. The United States Congress of the Confederation ratified the Treaty of Paris on January",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9602807",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolution\"\njustifications for separation from Britain. After securing enough votes for passage, independence was voted for on July 2. The Declaration of Independence was drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson and presented by the committee; it was unanimously adopted by the entire Congress on July 4, and each of the colonies became independent and autonomous. The next step was to form a union to facilitate international relations and alliances. The Second Continental Congress approved the \"\"Articles of Confederation\"\" for ratification by the states on November 15, 1777; the Congress immediately began operating under the Articles' terms, providing a structure of shared sovereignty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12447424",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nJuly 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6271142",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nindependence until after Congress had made its decision. Political maneuvering was setting the stage for an official declaration of independence even while a document was being written to explain the decision. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a \"\"Committee of Five\"\" to draft a declaration, consisting of John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut. The committee took no minutes, so there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded; contradictory accounts were written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, too many years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19286982",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nWashington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them. Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power for himself, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia. Political scientist Seymour Martin Lipset observes, \"\"The United States was the first major colony successfully to revolt against colonial rule. In this sense, it was the first 'new nation'.\"\" On July 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, declared the independence of the colonies by adopting the resolution from Richard Henry Lee, that stated: <br>",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3717459",
"chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nlegislatures. They demanded their rights as Englishmen and \"\"no taxation without representation\"\". The British insisted on administering the empire through Parliament, and the conflict escalated into war. The Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, which recognized, in a long preamble, that all men are created equal and endowed by their Creator with unalienable rights and that those rights were not being protected by Great Britain, and declared, in the words of the resolution, that the thirteen United Colonies formed an independent nation and had no further allegiance to the British crown. The fourth day",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8713928",
"chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\nBritish Parliament's insistence on taxing colonists without their consent. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War began, as the Americans trapped the British army in Boston and suppressed the Loyalists who supported the Crown. In 1776 the Americans declared the independence of the United States of America. Under the military leadership of General George Washington, and, with economic and military assistance from France, the Dutch Republic, and Spain, the United States held off successive British invasions. The Americans captured two main British armies in 1777 and 1781. After that King George III lost control of Parliament and was unable to continue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5189864",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nwar had evaporated and both sides agreed to a peace that left the prewar boundaries intact. Americans claimed victory on February 18, 1815 as news came almost simultaneously of Jackson's victory of New Orleans and the peace treaty that left the prewar boundaries in place. Americans swelled with pride at success in the \"\"second war of independence\"\"; the naysayers of the antiwar Federalist Party were put to shame and the party never recovered. The Indians were the big losers; they never gained the independent nationhood Britain had promised and no longer posed a serious threat as settlers poured into the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9654183",
"chunk_text": "\"Patriot (American Revolution)\"\nPatriot (American Revolution) Patriots (also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rejected British rule during the American Revolution and declared the United States of America as an independent nation in July 1776. Their decision was based on the political philosophy of republicanism as expressed by spokesmen such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Thomas Paine. They were opposed by the Loyalists who supported continued British rule. Patriots represented the spectrum of social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. They included lawyers such as John Adams, students such as Alexander Hamilton, planters such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6364491",
"chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\n4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Although he was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the Committee, Franklin made several small changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. While the states had already rejected the governance of Parliament,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3571288",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nindependence in the event that Lee's resolution was approved when it was brought up again in July. Support for a Congressional declaration of independence was consolidated in the final weeks of June 1776. On June 14, the Connecticut Assembly instructed its delegates to propose independence and, the following day, the legislatures of New Hampshire and Delaware authorized their delegates to declare independence. In Pennsylvania, political struggles ended with the dissolution of the colonial assembly, and a new Conference of Committees under Thomas McKean authorized Pennsylvania's delegates to declare independence on June 18. The Provincial Congress of New Jersey had been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14312672",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nabout. In the campaign to revise Congressional instructions, many Americans formally expressed their support for separation from Great Britain in what were effectively state and local declarations of independence. Historian Pauline Maier identifies more than ninety such declarations that were issued throughout the Thirteen Colonies from April to July 1776. These \"\"declarations\"\" took a variety of forms. Some were formal written instructions for Congressional delegations, such as the Halifax Resolves of April 12, with which North Carolina became the first colony to explicitly authorize its delegates to vote for independence. Others were legislative acts that officially ended British rule in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1163138",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nfavor of independence, which meant that the resolution had been approved by the committee of the whole. The next step was for the resolution to be voted upon by Congress itself. Edward Rutledge of South Carolina was opposed to Lee's resolution but desirous of unanimity, and he moved that the vote be postponed until the following day. On July 2, South Carolina reversed its position and voted for independence. In the Pennsylvania delegation, Dickinson and Robert Morris abstained, allowing the delegation to vote three-to-two in favor of independence. The tie in the Delaware delegation was broken by the timely arrival",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1042783",
"chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of the United States\"\nTerritorial evolution of the United States The United States of America was created on July 4, 1776, with the declaration of independence of thirteen British colonies. Their independence was recognized by Great Britain with the Treaty of Paris of 1783, following the American Revolutionary War. This effectively doubled the size of the colonies, now able to stretch west past the Proclamation Line to the Mississippi River. This land was organized into territories and then states, though there remained some conflict with the sea-to-sea grants claimed by some of the original colonies. In time, these grants were ceded to the federal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "714664",
"chunk_text": "\"Confederation Period\"\nConfederation Period The Confederation Period was the era of United States history in the 1780s after the American Revolution and prior to the ratification of the United States Constitution. In 1781, the United States ratified the Articles of Confederation and prevailed in the Battle of Yorktown, the last major land battle between British and American forces in the American Revolutionary War. American independence was confirmed with the 1783 signing of the Treaty of Paris. The fledgling United States faced several challenges, many of which stemmed from the lack of a strong national government and unified political culture. The period ended",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12447426",
"chunk_text": "\"American Revolutionary War\"\nescape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe, India and the Caribbean. In the latter the British scored a major victory over the French navy, and then later defeated Spanish and French attempts to seize Gibraltar. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6582935",
"chunk_text": "\"Timeline of the American Revolution\"\nTimeline of the American Revolution Timeline of the American Revolution — timeline of the political upheaval in the 18th century in which Thirteen Colonies in North America joined together for independence from the British Empire, and after victory in the Revolutionary War combined to form the United States of America. The American Revolution includes political, social, and military aspects. The revolutionary era is generally considered to have begun with the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 and ended with the ratification of the United States Bill of Rights in 1791. The military phase of the revolution, the American Revolutionary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12895105",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nVenezuelan Declaration of Independence (1811), the Liberian Declaration of Independence (1847), the declarations of secession by the Confederate States of America (1860–61), and the Vietnamese Proclamation of Independence (1945). These declarations echoed the United States Declaration of Independence in announcing the independence of a new state, without necessarily endorsing the political philosophy of the original. Other countries have used the Declaration as inspiration or have directly copied sections from it. These include the Haitian declaration of January 1, 1804, during the Haitian Revolution, the United Provinces of New Granada in 1811, the Argentine Declaration of Independence in 1816, the Chilean",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6364492",
"chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\nthrough the Declaration the new United States now rejected the legitimacy of the monarchy to demand allegiance. The war raged for seven years, with effective American victory, followed by formal British abandonment of any claim to the United States with the Treaty of Paris. The Philadelphia Convention set up the current United States; the United States Constitution ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a limited central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791. The decolonization of the Americas was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10399546",
"chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nby either side, and the British plan to create an Indian nation was abandoned. The United Kingdom retained the theoretical right of impressment, but stopped impressing any sailors, while the United States dropped the issue for good. The US celebrated the outcome as a victorious \"\"second war of independence.\"\" The British, having finally defeated Napoleon at Waterloo, celebrated that triumph and largely forgot the war with America. Tensions between the US and Canada were resolved through diplomacy. The War of 1812 marked the end of a long period of conflict (1775–1815) and ushered in a new era of peace between",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11156345",
"chunk_text": "\"History of United States foreign policy\"\nof defeating Napoleon, while the American armies defeated the Indian alliance that the British had supported, ending the British war goal of establishing a pro-British Indian boundary nation in the Midwest. The British stopped impressing American sailors and trade with France (now an ally of Britain) resumed, so the causes of the war had been cleared away. Especially after the great American victory at the Battle of New Orleans, Americans felt proud and triumphant for having won their \"\"second war of independence.\"\" Successful generals Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became political heroes as well. After 1815 tensions de-escalated along",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7310224",
"chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of North America since 1763\"\nto what is now Prince of Wales Island and as far north and west as Unalaska. Great Britain surrendered East Florida and West Florida to Spain; British inhabitants had 18 months from the date of ratification to leave. The 1783 Treaty of Paris formally ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America, which had rebelled against British rule. The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic, had separate agreements, known as the Peace of Paris (1783). The Kingdom of Great Britain recognized the territory south of what is now Canada, east of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_882
|
who won season 8 of america's next top model?
|
n/a
|
[
"Jaslene Gonzalez"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4872760",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 8)\"\n\"\"One Shot\"\" and Shiny Toy Guns' \"\"Le Disko.\"\" The winner was 20-year-old Jaslene Gonzalez from Chicago, Illinois, who notably had made it to the semi-finals of cycle 7, but was not cast. Gonzalez became the first winner without any bottom two appearance. The cycle's finale episode attracted more than 6.6 million viewers, a record for both the franchise and the CW. \"\"First aired February 28, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired March 7, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired March 14, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired March 21, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired March 28, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired April 4, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired April 11, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired April 18,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8651933",
"chunk_text": "\"Jaslene Gonzalez\"\nThailand; she is currently working in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand and Singapore. She was also a guest judge for Miss Malaysia World 2010. Gonzalez hosts events on Spanish 'Yeah!' channel. Jaslene Gonzalez Jaslene González (born May 29, 1986) is a Puerto Rican model, television host, and winner of Cycle 8 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Gonzalez was born in Puerto Rico and grew up in Humboldt Park, Chicago. She attended Notre Dame High School for Girls on the Northwest Side of Chicago. She was an online college admissions advisor prior to America's Next Top Model. Gonzalez had done some modeling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1741873",
"chunk_text": "\"Jaslene Gonzalez\"\nJaslene Gonzalez Jaslene González (born May 29, 1986) is a Puerto Rican model, television host, and winner of Cycle 8 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Gonzalez was born in Puerto Rico and grew up in Humboldt Park, Chicago. She attended Notre Dame High School for Girls on the Northwest Side of Chicago. She was an online college admissions advisor prior to America's Next Top Model. Gonzalez had done some modeling prior to \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", having been represented by \"\"Avant Garde Models\"\". In her CW \"\"Close-up\"\" interview, it was revealed that she appeared in fashion shows for local Chicago",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15837818",
"chunk_text": "\"Renee Alway\"\nprison as of April 2018 after serving a 5-year sentence since June 2013. Renee Alway Renee Diane Alway (born April 29, 1986) is an American fashion model, the 3rd place of \"\"America's Next Top Model, Cycle 8\"\" and the runner-up on \"\"Modelville\"\". Alway was born and raised in northern Michigan, where her father was a pastor and police officer. She revealed in the first episode of \"\"Modelville\"\" on October 8, 2008 that her father was physically and mentally abusive, and that she, her siblings, and her mother Sandra, were afraid to leave due to her father's respected position in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11001394",
"chunk_text": "\"McKey Sullivan\"\nMost Beautiful People of 2009. She was also named the 44th sexiest woman of 2008 by BuddyTv. McKey Sullivan Brittany \"\"McKey\"\" Alvey (née Sullivan; born September 9, 1988) is an American fashion model most notable as the winner of the eleventh cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Sullivan was born to Michael and Gayle Sullivan and has three siblings, Bridgette, Jimmy, and Mikey. She is a graduate of Lake Forest High School and attended Ripon College where she majored in government and chemical biology and was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She also trains in mixed martial arts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "625389",
"chunk_text": "\"Melissa Juratowitch\"\n\"\"Nylon\"\" Singapore, \"\"Nüyou\"\" and \"\"Her World\"\" and graced the cover of \"\"\"\". Melissa Juratowitch Melissa Juratowitch is an Australian model, best known for being the winner of cycle 8 of \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\". As winner of \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\", Cycle 8, Juratowitch appeared on the cover of \"\"Harper's Bazaar Australia\"\" in November 2013. The winner's prizes also included a one-year modelling contract with IMG Sydney and worldwide representation by IMG London, New York, Milan and Paris, as well as a A$20,000 cash prize thanks to TRESemmé, a Nissan Dualis and an overseas trip to Paris to meet with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18455371",
"chunk_text": "\"Melissa Juratowitch\"\nMelissa Juratowitch Melissa Juratowitch is an Australian model, best known for being the winner of cycle 8 of \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\". As winner of \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\", Cycle 8, Juratowitch appeared on the cover of \"\"Harper's Bazaar Australia\"\" in November 2013. The winner's prizes also included a one-year modelling contract with IMG Sydney and worldwide representation by IMG London, New York, Milan and Paris, as well as a A$20,000 cash prize thanks to TRESemmé, a Nissan Dualis and an overseas trip to Paris to meet with IMG Paris. In 2015, Juratowitch appeared in editorials for magazines including \"\"Oyster\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11251822",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 18)\"\nCBS Records, and a 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old British model Sophie Sumner from Oxford, England. The cycle featured seven contestants from previous cycles of \"\"Britain's Next Top Model\"\" for a second chance to win the title. Cycles 1 and 7 were unrepresented, cycles 2, 3, 4 and 6 were each represented by one contestant, and cycle 5 was represented by three contestants. The returning contestants from \"\"Britain's Next Top Model\"\" and their prior placements were: No episode aired on April 4, 2012 due to the CW's broadcast of \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8253848",
"chunk_text": "\"Loiza Lamers\"\nLoiza Lamers Loiza Lamers (born 1995) is a Dutch model, best known for being the winner of the eighth cycle of \"\"Holland's Next Top Model\"\", and the world's first transgender winner of the global \"\"Top Model\"\" TV-franchise. Lamers, a Gelderland native, was born in Driel in 1995. Lamers expressed her gender nonconformity early in life, beginning her gender transition early in her childhood. At the age of 10, Lamers was featured in a 2005 documentary by Charlotte Hoogakker titled \"\"Van Lucas naar Luus\"\" (From Lucas to Luus), which focused on her transition. Lamers underwent Sex reassignment surgery at the age",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16550239",
"chunk_text": "\"Holland's Next Top Model\"\neliminations. In 2015, the show crowned the first openly transgender contestant in the history of the franchise when Loiza Lamers was chosen as the winner of the eighth cycle by the Dutch public. In 2017, it was announced that the show would begin allowing the participation of male contestants, becoming the 11th adaptation in the franchise to convert to a co-ed show since 2013. The current judging panel consists of fashion blogger and model Anna Nooshin, stylist JeanPaul Paula, former \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" panelist Nigel Barker, and cycle 2 winner Kim Feenstra. The most recent winner of the series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2516031",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nReighard. The \"\"ANTM\"\" franchise released a clothing and accessories line based on the television show, which is sold at most Walmart stores. It ranges from cosmetic products to handbags. Dolls were also released based on the show that were made by MGA Entertainment. 2015: Eighth-placing finalist Mirjana Puhar (cycle 21) was shot and killed on February 24, 2015 in her boyfriend's home in Charlotte, North Carolina. 2016: Kimberly Rydzewski (cycle 10) died on December 19, 2016 due to suicide, she was 29 years old. 2018: On December 4, 2018 Jeall Strauss (cycle 8) died at age 34 due to stage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13869111",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nthat most of cycle 8's girls were unusually heavy smokers. \"\"Tyra and I understand the influence 'Top Model' has on a generation of young people, and we want to make sure we get the right message to our audience,\"\" Mok said, which then prompted the \"\"green\"\" theme of cycle 9. The winner of cycle 9, Saleisha Stowers, was discovered to have been in a Wendy's commercial, on a catwalk in the cycle 6 show and an episode of Tyra Banks Show prior to her participation. The rules of the competition stated that a contestant must not have appeared as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18074536",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 17)\"\nFeel...\"\" by Cobra Starship ft. Sabi. This was the final season filmed and broadcast in standard definition and the final season for Andre Leon Talley as a judge. The winner of the competition was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato from Los Angeles, California, who originally placed sixth in cycle 5 making her the oldest winner at the age of 30. Angelea Preston, who originally placed third on cycle 14, and was disqualified from the competition in the final episode of the cycle, said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2772527",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 13)\"\ncycle filmed entirely in the United States. The winner was Nicole Fox from Louisville, Colorado making her the youngest winner at the age of 18. This cycle featured one major change to the judging panel: judge Paulina Porizkova left the show after the previous season, marking the first change to the judging panel since Cycle 10. With her departure, only three permanent judges remained, a first for the series. This cycle also moved back to Los Angeles, after being filmed in New York City for cycle 12. The cast size was once again increased to 14 contestants. All of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3288287",
"chunk_text": "\"Renee Alway\"\nRenee Alway Renee Diane Alway (born April 29, 1986) is an American fashion model, the 3rd place of \"\"America's Next Top Model, Cycle 8\"\" and the runner-up on \"\"Modelville\"\". Alway was born and raised in northern Michigan, where her father was a pastor and police officer. She revealed in the first episode of \"\"Modelville\"\" on October 8, 2008 that her father was physically and mentally abusive, and that she, her siblings, and her mother Sandra, were afraid to leave due to her father's respected position in the community as well as his mental instability. Alway was one of the final",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2516032",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\n4 breast cancer. The show has been referred to in many series, such as ABC Family's \"\"GREEK\"\", CBS's \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", and Fox's \"\"Family Guy\"\". It also had its own \"\"E! True Hollywood Story\"\" episode, featuring past contestants Ebony Haith, Giselle Samson, Elyse Sewell (all cycle 1), Adrianne Curry (cycle 1 winner), Camille McDonald (cycles 2 & 17), April Wilkner, Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (both cycle 2), Toccara Jones, Ann Markley, Amanda Swafford (all cycle 3), Eva Pigford (cycle 3 winner), Michelle Deighton (cycle 4), Brittany Brower (cycles 4 & 17), Naima Mora (cycle 4 winner), Ebony Taylor (cycle 5), Lisa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11226938",
"chunk_text": "\"CariDee English\"\nCariDee English CariDee English (born September 23, 1984) is an American fashion model and TV personality who won Cycle 7 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" in December 2006. Her prize was a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics, a modeling contract with Elite Models, and a six-page fashion editorial and cover for \"\"Seventeen\"\" magazine. She is the first natural blonde to win \"\"ANTM\"\" and the second \"\"ANTM\"\" winner from North Dakota, the first being Nicole Linkletter of Cycle 5. English was also the host of Oxygen's biggest-premiering show to date, \"\"Pretty Wicked\"\". English was born in Fargo, North Dakota, to Pam",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2516030",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nwith seasons 10, 12, 14 and 23. \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" was also connected with Banks' talk show, on which several contestants have appeared, most notably Natasha Galkina (cycle 8), who worked as a correspondent for the show. The show's stage was also used for the cycle 5 reunion show. In 2008, Banks launched a new reality show inside the \"\"Tyra Show\"\", called \"\"Modelville\"\" which featured past contestants Renee DeWitt (cycle 8), Bianca Golden (cycle 9), Dominique Reighard, Fatima Siad and Lauren Utter (all cycle 10) vying for a $50,000 contract with Carol's Daughter. The competition was ultimately won by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17167942",
"chunk_text": "\"Yoanna House\"\n\"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" Naima Mora. In the summer of 2008, House hosted The N's reality series \"\"Queen Bees\"\", which attempts to reform mean girls. She filmed a PSA for Declare Yourself, parodying a lipstick commercial. Yoanna House Yoanna House (born April 9, 1980) is an American fashion model and television host, best known as the winner of Cycle 2 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". House was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. House's father, a medical doctor, is from Canada and her mother is from Mexico. From early childhood, House showed great interest in fashion, which she claims was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17167938",
"chunk_text": "\"Yoanna House\"\nYoanna House Yoanna House (born April 9, 1980) is an American fashion model and television host, best known as the winner of Cycle 2 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". House was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. House's father, a medical doctor, is from Canada and her mother is from Mexico. From early childhood, House showed great interest in fashion, which she claims was spurred by her grandmother, saying: I was always in her closet. We would watch TV, read magazines, go to the mall. She taught me about couture and how important it was. A lot of my appreciation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4872759",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 8)\"\nAmerica's Next Top Model (season 8) The eighth cycle of America's Next Top Model aired from February 28, 2007 to May 16, 2007, and was the second season of the series to be aired on The CW network. The international destination during this cycle was Sydney, Australia. The winner, similar to all of the cycles aired on The CW network, received representation by Elite Model Management, a cover & six-page spread within \"\"Seventeen\"\" magazine, and a US$100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The cycle's promotional tagline was \"\"Welcome To The Jungle, Ladies\"\" and the promotional theme songs were both Danity Kane's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5130318",
"chunk_text": "\"Krista White\"\nKrista White Krista White (born December 19, 1984) is an American fashion model, best known as the winner of Cycle 14 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". As part of her win, she was signed with Wilhelmina Models, received a $100,000 contract with Covergirl, and appeared on the cover of Seventeen Magazine. White was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. She worked as a retail manager before her stint on ANTM. White won the fourteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model. She received four consecutive first call-outs. She was never placed in the bottom two, making her the fourth winner to achieve",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6222414",
"chunk_text": "\"Australia's Next Top Model (season 8)\"\nYork, Milan and Paris, as well as a 20,000 cash prize thanks to TRESemmé, a brand new Nissan Dualis, an overseas trip to Paris to meet with IMG Paris, and an eight-page editorial spread and the cover of \"\"Harper's Bazaar\"\" Australia. The winner of the competition was 16-year-old Melissa Juratowitch from Melbourne, Victoria. Fifty semi-finalists were selected to take part in this years' competition. The first episode of the show was shown in a special screening for fans of the series. Fifteen official contestants were chosen to compete for the title. The all contestants had to be aged 16 or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5856257",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 23)\"\nconsisting of Banks, fashion publicist Kelly Cutrone, and runway coach J. Alexander. Banks still served as the series' executive producer. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old India Gants from Seattle, Washington. \"\"Original air date:\"\" Twenty-eight semi-finalists partook in their first photo shoot and went on go-sees for Philipp Plein and LaQuan Smith. The contestants then had one-on-one interviews with the judges, and the episode concluded with the selection of the fourteen finalists. \"\"Original air date:\"\" The contestants received runway training from model and former \"\"Canada's Next Top Model\"\" judge Stacey McKenzie. Later, the models were introduced to Zendaya,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10324697",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 7)\"\ndeciding on the winner. The prizes for this were: The following prizes have been removed: The international destination during this cycle was Barcelona, Spain. The winner was 21-year-old CariDee English from Fargo, North Dakota. Amanda and Michelle Babin are identical twins; however, they competed individually. \"\"First aired September 20, 2006 The thirty-three semi-finalists went on their first photoshoot which consisted of ten poses. They then had their interviews with Jay Manuel, J. Alexander, and Tyra. The cuts reduced the semi-finalists down to twenty-one where they had their first nude shoot. The final cut resulted in thirteen finalists. The thirteen finalists",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11001387",
"chunk_text": "\"McKey Sullivan\"\nMcKey Sullivan Brittany \"\"McKey\"\" Alvey (née Sullivan; born September 9, 1988) is an American fashion model most notable as the winner of the eleventh cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Sullivan was born to Michael and Gayle Sullivan and has three siblings, Bridgette, Jimmy, and Mikey. She is a graduate of Lake Forest High School and attended Ripon College where she majored in government and chemical biology and was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She also trains in mixed martial arts with her husband, Sam Alvey. She was known for appearing at the Bristol Renaissance Faire, which inspired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8986647",
"chunk_text": "\"Vietnam's Next Top Model (season 8)\"\nentire panel of judges was replaced. The jury consisted of model-actress Trương Ngọc Ánh, make-up artist Nam Trung, and model Võ Hoàng Yến. Ngọc Ánh acted as the show's presenter, while Nam Trung served as the show's creative director, and Hoàng Yến served as a model mentor. The winner of the competition was 24-year-old Lê Thị Kim Dung, who originally placed twelfth in cycle 5. In addition to the returning contestants, an online contest organized by Kenh14.vn in partnership with Maybelline was held to find an additional a best contestant, who would enter the model house alongside the all-star cast.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "20830968",
"chunk_text": "\"Holland's Next Top Model (season 8)\"\nHolland's Next Top Model (season 8) The eighth cycle of Holland's Next Top Model premiered on 31 August 2015 on RTL5. The panel from the show's previous cycle remained unchanged. The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Touché Models valued at €50,000, an online feature in the style and fashion website \"\"Amayzine.com\"\", and a brand new car. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Loiza Lamers from Driel, Gelderland. Lamers is the first ever transgender winner of the \"\"Top Model\"\" franchise. With the exception of the first two episodes, this was the first cycle of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "7657140",
"chunk_text": "\"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model (series 8)\"\n1 December. The filming of the show wrapped up on April 2012. The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Models 1, a fashion spread and cover feature in \"\"Company\"\" magazine, a contract with Revlon cosmetics, an international fashion campaign for Miss Selfridge, trip to Atlantis, The Palm in Dubai courtesy of Destinology, and an apartment at 51 Buckingham Gate. The winner of the competition was 18 year-old Letitia Herod from Oxshott, Surrey. \"\"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" Amelia Raven - 10 Anita Kaushik - 10 Anne Winterburn - 10 Emma Grattidge - 10 Emma Sharratt",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4603379",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox\"\nshe knows how to communicate her emotions through her eyes, she has a suggestive voice, an impressive physique, and she isn’t afraid of taking risks.\"\" In 2014, Fox starred in\"\" Girlhouse\"\" as Mia, a beautiful young model who lives in a house that streams content to an X-rated website. Nicole Fox Nicole Arianna Fox (born March 6, 1991) is an American-French model and actress, best known as the winner of Cycle 13 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Fox graduated from Monarch High School. As of 2009, she was a sophomore student at University of Colorado at Boulder majoring in studio",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19755993",
"chunk_text": "\"Laura James\"\nLaura James Laura Ellen James (born November 18, 1990) is an American model. She is the winner of America's Next Top Model Cycle 19. She is the daughter of actor John James, known for portraying Jeff Colby on the 1980s soap opera \"\"Dynasty\"\". Her mother is also a model who represented Australia in the Miss World Pageant. In 2012, James rose to prominence after winning the nineteenth cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", and was consequentially signed with L.A. Models and New York Model Management. Laura James was born in Cambridge, New York to American actor John James and Australian",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5149505",
"chunk_text": "\"Brittani Kline\"\nBrittani Kline Brittani Kline (born May 19, 1991) is an American fashion model best known as the winner of cycle 16 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Kline was born on May 19, 1991, in Beech Creek, Pennsylvania, and is currently living in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. In 2011, Kline appeared in cycle 16 of the CW Network reality television show \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", in which she competed against thirteen other aspiring models. Kline eventually went on to become the winner of that cycle, winning a US$ contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics, a contract with IMG Models, the cover of \"\"Beauty In",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "11094554",
"chunk_text": "\"Ann Ward\"\nmodeling, Ward has been noted to enjoy drawing and sharing her art onto her Tumblr, Instagram, and Twitter accounts. \"\"The New York Times\"\" additionally wrote that Ward live streams herself drawing comic and anime characters. Ann Ward Ann Marie Ward (born April 20, 1991) is an American fashion model, best known as the winner of Cycle 15 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Ward states that Dallas, Texas is her hometown, although she hails from nearby Prosper, a small suburb that straddles Collin and Denton counties. She graduated from Prosper High School in 2009. She stated repeatedly that she was mocked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10475209",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 12)\"\nthe first time since cycle 9, after being maintained at 14 in the last two cycles. This was the last time Paulina Porizkova participated as judge. The winner was 20-year-old Teyona Anderson from Woodstown, New Jersey. This season averaged 4.35 million viewers per episode. \"\"(ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"First aired March 4, 2009\"\" 34 semi-finalists arrived at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada, where they were dressed up as \"\"goddesses\"\" and took a profile shot before showing off their walks. Later that night, Tyra arrived dressed up as the \"\"Goddess of Fierce\"\", and told the models that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "20744363",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 21)\"\na factor in eliminations, with public voting taking place on the show's official page. The fourteen finalists were revealed when voting began. The international destination for this cycle was Seoul, South Korea. Five of the episodes were filmed in Seoul, one of which featured James of Royal Pirates, and the finale had guest appearances from K-pop girl group 2NE1, boy band BTOB, actor and model Lee Soo-hyuk and fashion designer Lie Sang Bong. The winner of the competition was 26-year-old Keith Carlos from Bridgeport, Connecticut. He was the show's first male winner. Eighth-placing finalist Mirjana Puhar was shot and killed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "13125871",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox\"\nNicole Fox Nicole Arianna Fox (born March 6, 1991) is an American-French model and actress, best known as the winner of Cycle 13 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Fox graduated from Monarch High School. As of 2009, she was a sophomore student at University of Colorado at Boulder majoring in studio arts. She wanted to be an artist, journalist and model. Fox was the eleventh girl selected as one of the 14 finalists to compete in Cycle 13: the \"\"Petite Edition\"\" of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", a cycle that was specially created for models who are 5'7\"\" and under. Fox",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1020551",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 8)\"\n2007\"\" \"\"First aired April 25, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired May 2, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired May 9, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired May 16, 2007\"\" On December 4 2018 Strauss died at age 34 due to stage 4 breast cancer. America's Next Top Model (season 8) The eighth cycle of America's Next Top Model aired from February 28, 2007 to May 16, 2007, and was the second season of the series to be aired on The CW network. The international destination during this cycle was Sydney, Australia. The winner, similar to all of the cycles aired on The CW network, received representation by Elite",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "13805644",
"chunk_text": "\"Project Runway\"\nAaron Henderson won the competition with his model Kristina Sajko. Emilio Sosa and his model Lorena Angjeli placed second, while Mila Hermanovskie and her model Brandise Danesewich placed third. Maya Luz won the fan favorite award. The eighth season premiered on July 29, 2010, on the Lifetime network with a new 90-minute format for each episode and in a new time-slot, 9pm PT/ET. This season featured 17 competing designers, the most in the show's history. Heidi Klum, Michael Kors, Nina Garcia and Tim Gunn all returned for the eighth season. This season featured the longest winner deliberation in Project Runway",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20211408",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 11)\"\nwinner was 19-year-old McKey Sullivan from Lake Forest, Illinois. Starting from this cycle, the contestant called first in judging every week would have her picture (or commercial) displayed as digital art in the models' house for the rest of the week. The CoverGirl of the Week contest was replaced by a new segment called Top Models in Action, focusing on former alums post-show careers. The show featured fourteen contestants, similar to cycles 3, 4 and 10. The winner of this cycle, similar to the past four cycles, won management and representation by Elite Model Management, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "18975946",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 20)\"\nModel Management, a spread in \"\"Nylon\"\" magazine, and a US$100,000 campaign with \"\"Guess\"\". The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend, Oregon. \"\"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (8/7c)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (9/8c)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 9, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 16, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 23, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 30, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 6, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 13, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 20, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 27, 2013\"\" \"\"Original airdate: October 4, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: October 11, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: October 18, 2013\"\" \"\"Original",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8651922",
"chunk_text": "\"Jaslene Gonzalez\"\nthe competition, Gonzalez was called first at panel four times, received four Covergirl of the Week awards, and won one reward challenge. She was also the second contestant and first winner to never be in the bottom two. On the season finale, Gonzalez was revealed as the winner. She is the second of three winners from Illinois, preceded by Adrianne Curry of cycle 1, and followed by McKey Sullivan of cycle 11. Contrary to popular belief she is not the first Hispanic to win America's Next Top Model, as cycle 2 winner Yoanna House was born to a Mexican mother",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15284578",
"chunk_text": "\"Lovelyn Enebechi\"\nLovelyn Enebechi Lovelyn Chinwe Enebechi (born 21 October 1996) is a German-Nigerian fashion model, best known for winning the eighth cycle of \"\"Germany's Next Topmodel\"\". Enebechi was chosen from 15,500 applicants to be one of the final 25 finalists of cycle 8 of \"\"Germany's Next Topmodel\"\". Ultimately, she was crowned the winner of the competition during the cycle's live finale on May 30, 2013, beating Maike van Grieken. As her prizes, she received a spread in and cover of German \"\"Cosmopolitan\"\", an Opel Adam, a modeling contract with ONEeins Management, a €250,000 cash prize and an apartment in a fashion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "9346050",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 10)\"\nalso altered; Twiggy was replaced by Czech model Paulina Porizkova due to the former's scheduling conflicts. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destination for this cycle is Rome, Italy. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Whitney Thompson from Atlantic Beach, Florida. Thompson was the first plus-size model to win the competition. This season averaged 4.23 million viewers. Starting with this season, episode titles are taken from quotes made by the contestants and crew. It replaces \"\"The Girl is...\"\" episode. \"\"First aired February 20, 2008\"\" \"\"First aired February 27, 2008\"\" \"\"First aired March 5, 2008\"\" \"\"First aired March",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2516023",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nreviewed the best catfights, mishaps and most memorable photo shoots, personalities, defining moments and contained other segments about the show since cycles 1 to 9, and featured a special opening fusing all three openings together. Camille McDonald (cycles 2 and 17), Toccara Jones (cycle 3), Eva Pigford (cycle 3 winner), Bre Scullark (cycles 5 and 17), Cassandra Whitehead (cycle 5), Joanie Dodds (cycle 6), Jael Strauss (cycle 8), Dionne Walters (cycle 8), Heather Kuzmich (cycle 9), and Bianca Golden (cycles 9 and 17) all returned to comment on events that happened in their or other cycles. After announcing that the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17817590",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicole Linkletter\"\nNicole Linkletter Nicole Linkletter Nathanson (born 18 April 1985) is an American fashion model and the winner of Cycle 5 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Her prizes were a contract with Ford Models, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl, and her photo appearing in a Ford Fusion (Americas) national advert. She is the first of two America's Next Top Model winners from North Dakota, the second being CariDee English, winner of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7. Linkletter was born and raised in Grand Forks, North Dakota, the daughter of Monica and Steve Linkletter. She has two sisters. Linkletter graduated from",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10324702",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 7)\"\nthe winner being CariDee. The models travelled to Barcelona, Spain, where they shot a commercial for Secret Deodorant in Catalan. The judging saw Jaeda become the eighth model eliminated. \"\"First aired November 22, 2006\"\" The five finalists participated in a challenge where they had to go on go-sees, with the winner being Melrose. They had a photoshoot where they portrayed Spanish matadors. The judging saw Michelle become the ninth model eliminated. \"\"First aired November 29, 2006\"\" \"\"First aired December 6, 2006\"\" America's Next Top Model (season 7) The seventh cycle of America's Next Top Model started airing on September 20,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4603372",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox\"\nwas one of the strongest girls of her cycle. At the final judging, Fox was lauded for her high-fashion photographs and her successful mastery of her body proportion, in spite of her unconventional runway walk in the Maui fashion show. In the end, she was chosen as the thirteenth winner of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", beating runner-up Laura Kirkpatrick, who was considered another favorite of the judges. Fox became the third winner to have never appeared in the bottom two during her time on Top Model. This record was preceded by winners Jaslene Gonzalez and McKey Sullivan from Cycles 8",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20239435",
"chunk_text": "\"Melanie Moore\"\nMelanie Moore Melanie Moore (born September 17, 1991) is an American actress and professional dancer best known as the winner of the eighth season of the U.S. reality television competition \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". According to the results announced on the broadcast, Moore won \"\"overwhelmingly\"\", garnering 47% of the vote in a four-way final tally. Moore was educated in Marietta, Georgia, where she attended Lassiter High School and was crowned homecoming queen. At the time of the competition, she was a 19-year-old college freshman attending Fordham University at Lincoln Center in New York City. Moore trained and competed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9436280",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 19)\"\nadditionally serves as its executive producer and presenter. The international destination during the cycle was Ocho Rios, Jamaica, becoming the second occasion in which the series traveled to the country, after cycle 3. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Paul Smith's College student Laura James from Cambridge, New York. This was the first cycle to feature a cast of all-new contestants since cycle 16 (cycle 17 (\"\"All-Stars\"\") featured only returning contestants from previous cycles, while cycle 18 (\"\"British Invasion\"\") featured seven new American models alongside seven returning contestants from previous cycles of \"\"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model\"\"). Judge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15450233",
"chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 14)\"\nRenee Alway from cycle 8) \"\"First aired April 21, 2010\"\" The girls received a surprise visit from model Pat Cleveland and fashion designer Whitney Port, who dolled them up for a night out at Lucky Cheng’s drag queen cabaret. There, they met Ms. J, who introduced them to their runway challenge. Krista’s personality on the runway won the audience’s vote and she was declared the winner. She and Angelea won specially designed pieces from Whitney Port’s collection. While leaving for the photo shoot, the other girls finally had enough of Alasia's tardiness, and decided to leave her (with the elevator",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_883
|
who was an early advocate for using scientific methods based on inductive reasoning?
|
n/a
|
[
"Aristotle",
"René Descartes"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "14392995",
"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nInductivism Inductivism is the traditional model of scientific method attributed to Francis Bacon, who in 1620 vowed to subvert allegedly traditional thinking. In the Baconian model, one observes nature, proposes a modest law to generalize an observed pattern, confirms it by many observations, ventures a modestly broader law, and confirms that, too, by many more observations, while discarding disconfirmed laws. The laws grow ever broader but never much exceed careful, extensive observation. Thus, freed from preconceptions, scientists gradually uncover nature's causal and material structure. In 1740, David Hume found multiple obstacles in the use of experience to infer causality. Hume",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6331097",
"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nInductivism Inductivism is the traditional model of scientific method attributed to Francis Bacon, who in 1620 vowed to subvert allegedly traditional thinking. In the Baconian model, one observes nature, proposes a modest law to generalize an observed pattern, confirms it by many observations, ventures a modestly broader law, and confirms that, too, by many more observations, while discarding disconfirmed laws. The laws grow ever broader but never much exceed careful, extensive observation. Thus, freed from preconceptions, scientists gradually uncover nature's causal and material structure. In 1740, David Hume found multiple obstacles in the use of experience to infer causality. Hume",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14275627",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nand Democritus, and in ancient India, in the Nyaya, Vaisesika and Buddhist schools, while Charvaka materialism rejected inference as a source of knowledge in favour of an empiricism that was always subject to doubt. Aristotle pioneered scientific method in ancient Greece alongside his empirical biology and his work on logic, rejecting a purely deductive framework in favour of generalisations made from observations of nature. Some of the most important debates in the history of scientific method center on: rationalism, especially as advocated by René Descartes<nowiki>;</nowiki> inductivism, which rose to particular prominence with Isaac Newton and his followers; and hypothetico-deductivism, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14275685",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nwhat can be kept while building a hypothesis. George Boole and William Stanley Jevons also wrote on the principles of reasoning. Attempts to systematize a scientific method were confronted in the mid-18th century by the problem of induction, a positivist logic formulation which, in short, asserts that nothing can be known with certainty except what is actually observed. David Hume took empiricism to the skeptical extreme; among his positions was that there is no logical necessity that the future should resemble the past, thus we are unable to justify inductive reasoning itself by appealing to its past success. Hume's arguments,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1054921",
"chunk_text": "\"Scientific method\"\nhistory of science concern rationalism, especially as advocated by René Descartes; inductivism and/or empiricism, as argued for by Francis Bacon, and rising to particular prominence with Isaac Newton and his followers; and hypothetico-deductivism, which came to the fore in the early 19th century. The term \"\"scientific method\"\" emerged in the 19th century, when a significant institutional development of science was taking place and terminologies establishing clear boundaries between science and non-science, such as \"\"scientist\"\" and \"\"pseudoscience\"\", appeared. Throughout the 1830s and 1850s, by which time Baconianism was popular, naturalists like William Whewell, John Herschel, John Stuart Mill engaged in debates",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14227823",
"chunk_text": "\"Inductive reasoning\"\ntheology or by metaphysics. Regarding experience to justify enumerative induction by having shown uniformity of nature, Mill welcomed Comte's positivism, but thought laws susceptible to recall or revision, and withheld from Comte's Religion of Humanity. Comte was confident to lay laws as irrefutable foundation of other knowledge, and the churches, honoring eminent scientists, sought to focus public mindset on \"\"altruism\"\"—a term Comte coined—to apply science for humankind's social welfare via Comte's spearheaded science, sociology. During the 1830s and 1840s, while Comte and Mill were the leading philosophers of science, William Whewell found enumerative induction not nearly so simple, but, amid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "186746",
"chunk_text": "\"Scientific method\"\nnormally accepted. The scientific method is of necessity also an expression of an opposition to claims that e.g. revelation, political or religious dogma, appeals to tradition, commonly held beliefs, common sense, or, importantly, currently held theories, are the only possible means of demonstrating truth. Different early expressions of empiricism and the scientific method can be found throughout history, for instance with the ancient Stoics, Epicurus, Alhazen, Roger Bacon, and William of Ockham. From the 16th century onwards, experiments were advocated by Francis Bacon, and performed by Giambattista della Porta, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei. There was particular development aided by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11647412",
"chunk_text": "\"Inductive reasoning\"\nof inference to the best explanation (IBE). IBE is otherwise synonym to C S Peirce's abduction. Many philosophers of science espousing scientific realism have maintained that IBE is the way that scientists develop approximately true scientific theories about nature. Inductive reasoning has been criticized by thinkers as far back as Sextus Empiricus. The classic philosophical treatment of the problem of induction was given by the Scottish philosopher David Hume. Although the use of inductive reasoning demonstrates considerable success, its application has been questionable. Recognizing this, Hume highlighted the fact that our mind draws uncertain conclusions from relatively limited experiences. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6331099",
"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nhuman experience is the mind, whose innate constants thus determine \"\"space\"\", \"\"time\"\", and \"\"substance\"\" and determine the correct scientific theory. Though protecting both metaphysics and Newtonian physics, Kant discarded scientific realism by restricting science to tracing appearances (phenomena), not unveiling reality (noumena). Kant's transcendental idealism launched German idealism—increasingly speculative metaphysics—while philosophers continued awkward confidence in empirical sciences as inductive. Refining Baconian inductivism, John Stuart Mill posed his own five methods of discerning causality to describe the reasoning whereby scientists exceed mere inductivism. In the 1830s, opposing metaphysics, Auguste Comte explicated positivism, which, unlike Baconian model, emphasized \"\"predictions\"\", confirming them, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12135451",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nascertain whether their effect is general; and in pushing the application of our laws to extreme cases.\"\" William Whewell (1794–1866) regarded his \"\"History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Time\"\" (1837) to be an introduction to the \"\"Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences\"\" (1840) which analyzes the method exemplified in the formation of ideas. Whewell attempts to follow Bacon's plan for discovery of an effectual art of discovery. He named the hypothetico-deductive method (which \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"\" credits to Newton); Whewell also coined the term \"\"scientist\"\". Whewell examines ideas and attempts to construct science by uniting ideas to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12135456",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nin broader context in \"\"How to Make Our Ideas Clear\"\" (1878), Peirce outlined an objectively verifiable method to test the truth of putative knowledge on a way that goes beyond mere foundational alternatives, focusing upon both Deduction and Induction. He thus placed induction and deduction in a complementary rather than competitive context (the latter of which had been the primary trend at least since David Hume a century before). Secondly, and of more direct importance to scientific method, Peirce put forth the basic schema for hypothesis-testing that continues to prevail today. Extracting the theory of inquiry from its raw materials",
"is_relevant": null,
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12135455",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nSummary of the Theory of Inductive Inference, states \"\"Thus there are but three steps in the process of induction :- Jevons then frames those steps in terms of probability, which he then applied to economic laws. Ernest Nagel notes that Jevons and Whewell were not the first writers to argue for the centrality of the hypothetico-deductive method in the logic of science. In the late 19th century, Charles Sanders Peirce proposed a schema that would turn out to have considerable influence in the further development of scientific method generally. Peirce's work quickly accelerated the progress on several fronts. Firstly, speaking",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10050165",
"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nother considerations upon the evidence, render scientific theories of known metaphysical truth. By 1880, C S Peirce had clarified the basis of deductive inference and, although recognizing induction, proposed a third type of inference that Peirce called \"\"abduction\"\", now otherwise termed \"\"inference to the best explanation\"\" (IBE). Since the 1920s, although opposing all metaphysical inference via scientific theories, the logical positivists sought to understand scientific theories as provably false or true as to strictly observations. Though accepting hypotheticodeductivism to originate theories, they launched verificationism whereby Rudolf Carnap tried but never succeeded to formalize an inductive logic whereby a universal law's",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nof course, came on the heels of many, many centuries of excessive speculation upon excessive speculation not grounded in empirical observation and testing. Many of Hume's radically skeptical arguments were argued against, but not resolutely refuted, by Immanuel Kant's \"\"Critique of Pure Reason\"\" in the late 18th century. Hume's arguments continue to hold a strong lingering influence and certainly on the consciousness of the educated classes for the better part of the 19th century when the argument at the time became the focus on whether or not the inductive method was valid. Hans Christian Ørsted, (Ørsted is the Danish spelling;",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scientific method\"\nthe data and methods and build on the research that has gone before. Scientific data archiving can be done at a number of national archives in the U.S. or in the World Data Center. The classical model of scientific inquiry derives from Aristotle, who distinguished the forms of approximate and exact reasoning, set out the threefold scheme of abductive, deductive, and inductive inference, and also treated the compound forms such as reasoning by analogy. The hypothetico-deductive model or method is a proposed description of scientific method. Here, predictions from the hypothesis are central: if you assume the hypothesis to be",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nwhere Herschel held that the origin of new biological species would be found in a natural rather than a miraculous process, Whewell opposed this and considered that no natural cause had been shown for adaptation so an unknown divine cause was appropriate. John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) was stimulated to publish \"\"A System of Logic\"\" (1843) upon reading Whewell's \"\"History of the Inductive Sciences\"\". Mill may be regarded as the final exponent of the empirical school of philosophy begun by John Locke, whose fundamental characteristic is the duty incumbent upon all thinkers to investigate for themselves rather than to accept the",
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"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nlaying scientific laws irrefutable by theology or metaphysics. Finding experience to show uniformity of nature and thereby justify enumerative induction, Mill accepted positivism: the first modern philosophy of science, which, simultaneously, was a political philosophy whereby only scientific knowledge was reliable knowledge. Nearing 1840, William Whewell thought that the inductive sciences, so called, were not so simple after all, and asked recognition of \"\"superinduction\"\", an explanatory scope or principle invented by the mind to unite facts, but not present \"\"in\"\" the facts. Mill would have none of hypotheticodeductivism, posed by Whewell as science's method, which Whewell believed to sometimes, via",
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_text": "\"Baconian method\"\nBaconian method The Baconian method is the investigative method developed by Sir Francis Bacon. The method was put forward in Bacon's book \"\"Novum Organum\"\" (1620), or 'New Method', and was supposed to replace the methods put forward in Aristotle's \"\"Organon\"\". This method was influential upon the development of the scientific method in modern science; but also more generally in the early modern rejection of medieval Aristotelianism. Bacon's method is an example of the application of inductive reasoning. However, Bacon's method of induction is much more complex than the essential inductive process of making generalizations from observations. Bacon's method begins with",
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"chunk_text": "\"Inductive reasoning\"\nseveral chapters to \"\"methods of induction\"\" and sometimes said \"\"logic of induction\"\"—and yet stressed it lacks rules and cannot be trained. Originator of pragmatism, C S Peirce who, as did Gottlob Frege independently, in the 1870s performed vast investigations that clarified the basis of deductive inference as mathematical proof, recognized induction but continuously insisted on a third type of inference that Peirce variously termed \"\"abduction\"\" or \"\"retroduction\"\" or \"\"hypothesis\"\" or \"\"presumption\"\". Later philosophers gave Peirce's abduction, \"\"etc\"\", the synonym \"\"inference to the best explanation\"\" (IBE). Having highlighted Hume's problem of induction, John Maynard Keynes posed \"\"logical probability\"\" as its answer—but",
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"chunk_text": "\"Inductive reasoning\"\nmodern philosophy of science. In the French Revolution's aftermath, fearing society's ruin again, Comte opposed metaphysics. Human knowledge had evolved from religion to metaphysics to science, said Comte, which had flowed from mathematics to astronomy to physics to chemistry to biology to sociology—in that order—describing increasingly intricate domains, all of society's knowledge having become scientific, as questions of theology and of metaphysics were unanswerable. Comte found enumerative induction reliable by its grounding on experience available, and asserted science's use as improving human society, not metaphysical truth. According to Comte, scientific method frames predictions, confirms them, and states laws—positive statements—irrefutable by",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nin classical logic, he refined it in parallel with the early development of symbolic logic to address the then-current problems in scientific reasoning. Peirce examined and articulated the three fundamental modes of reasoning that play a role in scientific inquiry today, the processes that are currently known as abductive, deductive, and inductive inference. Thirdly, he played a major role in the progress of symbolic logic itself – indeed this was his primary specialty. Charles S. Peirce was also a pioneer in statistics. Peirce held that science achieves statistical probabilities, not certainties, and that chance, a veering from law, is very",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nauthority of others. Knowledge must be based on experience. In the mid-19th century Claude Bernard was also influential, especially in bringing the scientific method to medicine. In his discourse on scientific method, \"\"An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine\"\" (1865), he described what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist a true discoverer. Unlike many scientific writers of his time, Bernard wrote about his own experiments and thoughts, and used the first person. William Stanley Jevons' \"\"The Principles of Science: a treatise on logic and scientific method\"\" (1873, 1877) Chapter XII \"\"The Inductive or Inverse Method\"\",",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nchange brought about by the work of Galileo. Both Bacon and Descartes wanted to provide a firm foundation for scientific thought that avoided the deceptions of the mind and senses. Bacon envisaged that foundation as essentially empirical, whereas Descartes provides a metaphysical foundation for knowledge. If there were any doubts about the direction in which scientific method would develop, they were set to rest by the success of Isaac Newton. Implicitly rejecting Descartes' emphasis on rationalism in favor of Bacon's empirical approach, he outlines his four \"\"rules of reasoning\"\" in the \"\"Principia\"\", But Newton also left an admonition about a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scientific Revolution\"\nmethod as conceived in the 17th century, natural and artificial circumstances were set aside as a research tradition of systematic experimentation was slowly accepted by the scientific community. The philosophy of using an inductive approach to obtain knowledge — to abandon assumption and to attempt to observe with an open mind — was in contrast with the earlier, Aristotelian approach of deduction, by which analysis of known facts produced further understanding. In practice, many scientists and philosophers believed that a healthy mix of both was needed — the willingness to question assumptions, yet also to interpret observations assumed to have",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nfor finding a first principle: the ancient Aristotelian method of induction (\"\"istiqra\"\"), and the more recent method of examination and experimentation (\"\"tajriba\"\"). Avicenna criticized Aristotelian induction, arguing that \"\"it does not lead to the absolute, universal, and certain premises that it purports to provide.\"\" In its place, he advocated \"\"a method of experimentation as a means for scientific inquiry.\"\" Earlier, in \"\"The Canon of Medicine\"\" (1025), Avicenna was also the first to describe what is essentially methods of agreement, difference and concomitant variation which are critical to inductive logic and the scientific method. However, unlike his contemporary al-Biruni's scientific method,",
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"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nEnglish-speaking world, and inductivism fell. Besides Popper and Kuhn, other postpostivist philosophers of science—including Paul Feyerabend, Imre Lakatos, and Larry Laudan—have all but unanimously rejected inductivism. Among them, those who have asserted scientific realism—that scientific theory can and does offer approximately true understanding of nature's unobservable aspects—have tended to claim that scientists develop approximately true theories about nature through IBE. And yet IBE, which, so far, cannot be trained, lacks particular rules of inference. By the 21st century's turn, inductivism's heir was Bayesianism. Until the 1960s, in a tradition traced to Francis Bacon at 1620, inductivism was presumed to be",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scientific Revolution\"\na \"\"tabula rasa\"\", a \"\"blank tablet,\"\" upon which sensory impressions were recorded and built up knowledge through a process of reflection. The philosophical underpinnings of the Scientific Revolution were laid out by Francis Bacon, who has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the \"\"Baconian method\"\", or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. Bacon proposed a great reformation",
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"chunk_text": "\"Inductive reasoning\"\n(for example, statistical syllogisms, discussed below). For a move from particular to universal, Aristotle in the 300s BCE used the Greek word \"\"epagogé\"\", which Cicero translated into the Latin word \"\"inductio\"\". In the 300s CE, Sextus Empiricus maintained that all knowledge derives from sensory experience—concluded in his \"\"Outlines of Pyrrhonism\"\" that acceptance of universal statements as true cannot be justified by induction. In 1620, early modern philosopher Francis Bacon repudiated mere experience and enumerative induction, and sought to couple those with neutral and minute and many varied observations before to uncover the natural world's structure and causal relations beyond the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nnecessary preliminary to the main business of scientific enquiry, providing the primary premises required for scientific demonstrations. Aristotle largely ignored inductive reasoning in his treatment of scientific enquiry. To make it clear why this is so, consider this statement in the \"\"Posterior Analytics\"\": We suppose ourselves to possess unqualified scientific knowledge of a thing, as opposed to knowing it in the accidental way in which the sophist knows, when we think that we know the cause on which the fact depends, as the cause of that fact and of no other, and, further, that the fact could not be other",
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"chunk_text": "Logic\nnarrow conception controversially excludes most of what is called informal logic from the discipline. There are other forms of reasoning that are rational but that are generally not taken to be part of logic. These include inductive reasoning, which covers forms of inference that move from collections of particular judgements to universal judgements, and abductive reasoning, which is a form of inference that goes from observation to a hypothesis that accounts for the reliable data (observation) and seeks to explain relevant evidence. The American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) first introduced the term as \"\"guessing\"\". Peirce said that to \"\"abduce\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nletter to his friend and critic Mersenne from 1638, without having considered the first causes of nature, [Galileo] has merely looked for the explanations of a few particular effects, and he has thereby built without foundations. Whereas Aristotle purported to arrive at his first principles by induction, Descartes believed he could obtain them using reason only. In this sense, he was a Platonist, as he believed in the innate ideas, as opposed to Aristotle's blank slate (\"\"tabula rasa\"\"), and stated that the seeds of science are inside us. Unlike Bacon, Descartes successfully applied his own ideas in practice. He made",
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"chunk_text": "Inductivism\ninduction reliable upon experience available, and asserted science's use as improving human society, not metaphysical truth. According to Comte, scientific method constrains itself to observations, but frames \"\"predictions\"\", confirms them, and states laws—positive statements—irrefutable by theology or by metaphysics, and laid as foundation for subsequent knowledge. Later, concluding science insufficient for society, Comte launched Religion of Humanity, whose churches, honoring eminent scientists, led worship of humankind. Comte coined the term \"\"altruism\"\", and emphasized science's application for humankind's social welfare, which would be revealed by Comte's spearheaded science, sociology. Comte's influence is prominent in Herbert Spencer of England and Émile Durkheim",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scientific method\"\nexistential statements, stating that some particular instance of the phenomenon being studied has some characteristic and causal explanations, which have the general form of universal statements, stating that every instance of the phenomenon has a particular characteristic. Scientists are free to use whatever resources they have – their own creativity, ideas from other fields, inductive reasoning, Bayesian inference, and so on – to imagine possible explanations for a phenomenon under study. Albert Einstein once observed that \"\"there is no logical bridge between phenomena and their theoretical principles.\"\" Charles Sanders Peirce, borrowing a page from Aristotle (\"\"Prior Analytics\"\", 2.25) described the",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nby revising what the search for knowledge, particularly physical knowledge, might be. The first of these, philosopher and physician Francisco Sanches, was led by his medical training at Rome, 1571–73, to search for a true method of knowing (\"\"modus sciendi\"\"), as nothing clear can be known by the methods of Aristotle and his followers — for example, 1) syllogism fails upon circular reasoning; 2) Aristotle's modal logic was not stated clearly enough for use in medieval times, and remains a research problem to this day. Following the physician Galen's \"\"method of medicine\"\", Sanches lists the methods of judgement and experience,",
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"chunk_text": "Reason\nor laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns. Inductive reasoning contrasts strongly with deductive reasoning in that, even in the best, or strongest, cases of inductive reasoning, the truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion. Instead, the conclusion of an inductive argument follows with some degree of probability. Relatedly, the conclusion of an inductive argument contains more information than is already contained in the premises. Thus, this method of reasoning is ampliative. A classic example of inductive reasoning comes from the empiricist David Hume: Abductive reasoning, or argument to the best explanation, is",
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"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nrelativism even similar to religious experience. Postpositivism's poster became Popper's view of human knowledge as hypothetical, continually growing, always tentative, open to criticism and revision. In 1945, Bertrand Russell had proposed enumerative induction as an \"\"independent logical principle\"\", one \"\"incapable of being inferred either from experience or from other logical principles, and that without this principle, science is impossible\"\". And yet in 1963, Karl Popper declared, \"\"Induction, \"\"i\"\".\"\"e\"\". inference based on many observations, is a myth. It is neither a psychological fact, nor a fact of ordinary life, nor one of scientific procedure\"\". Popper's 1972 book \"\"Objective Knowledge\"\" opens, \"\"I",
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_text": "\"Problem of induction\"\nProblem of induction The problem of induction is the philosophical question of whether inductive reasoning leads to knowledge understood in the classic philosophical sense, highlighting the apparent lack of justification for: The problem calls into question all empirical claims made in everyday life or through the scientific method, and, for that reason, the philosopher C. D. Broad said that \"\"induction is the glory of science and the scandal of philosophy.\"\" Although the problem arguably dates back to the Pyrrhonism of ancient philosophy, as well as the Carvaka school of Indian philosophy, David Hume popularized it in the mid-18th century. In",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nthat change and subdivision do not exist. In the 3rd and 4th centuries BCE, the Greek physicians Herophilos (335–280 BCE) and Erasistratus of Chios employed experiments to further their medical research; Erasistratus at one time repeatedly weighing a caged bird, and noting its weight loss between feeding times. Aristotle's inductive-deductive method used inductions from observations to infer general principles, deductions from those principles to check against further observations, and more cycles of induction and deduction to continue the advance of knowledge. The \"\"Organon\"\" (Greek: Ὄργανον, meaning \"\"instrument, tool, organ\"\") is the standard collection of Aristotle's six works on logic. The",
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nHistory of scientific method The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of one or another approach to establishing scientific knowledge. Despite the disagreements about approaches, scientific method has advanced in definite steps. Rationalist explanations of nature, including atomism, appeared both in ancient Greece in the thought of Leucippus",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_text": "\"Philosophy of science\"\nvalues held by scientists about race shaped research on evolution, and values concerning social class influenced debates on phrenology (considered scientific at the time). Feminist philosophers of science, sociologists of science, and others explore how social values affect science. The origins of philosophy of science trace back to Plato and Aristotle who distinguished the forms of approximate and exact reasoning, set out the threefold scheme of abductive, deductive, and inductive inference, and also analyzed reasoning by analogy. The eleventh century Arab polymath Ibn al-Haytham (known in Latin as Alhazen) conducted his research in optics by way of controlled experimental testing",
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"chunk_text": "Inductivism\nScience\"\"—a project begun by logical positivists—and somehow, at last, unified the empirical sciences by freeing them from the physics model, and calling them for assessment in history and sociology. Lacking such heavy use of mathematics and logic's formal language—an approach introduced in 1920s by Rudolph Carnap—Kuhn's book, powerful and persuasive, was written in natural language open to laypersons. \"\"Structure\"\" finds science to be puzzlesolving toward a vision projected by the \"\"ruling class\"\" of a scientific specialty's community, whose \"\"unwritten rulebook\"\" dictates proper scientific problems and solutions, altogether \"\"normal science\"\". The scientists reinterpret ambiguous data, discard anomalous data, and try to",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\n\"\"errors caused by the use of small instruments and errors made by human observers.\"\" He argued that if instruments produce errors because of their imperfections or idiosyncratic qualities, then multiple observations must be taken, analyzed qualitatively, and on this basis, arrive at a \"\"common-sense single value for the constant sought\"\", whether an arithmetic mean or a \"\"reliable estimate.\"\" In his scientific method, \"\"universals came out of practical, experimental work\"\" and \"\"theories are formulated after discoveries\"\", as with inductivism. In the \"\"On Demonstration\"\" section of \"\"The Book of Healing\"\" (1027), the Persian philosopher and scientist Avicenna (Ibn Sina) discussed philosophy of",
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"chunk_text": "\"John Stuart Mill\"\nthis in his 1837 \"\"History of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Time\"\" followed in 1840 by \"\"The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded Upon their History\"\", presenting induction as the mind superimposing concepts on facts. Laws were self-evident truths, which could be known without need for empirical verification. Mill countered this in 1843 in \"\"A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation.\"\" In Mill's Methods of induction, like Herschel's, laws were discovered through observation and induction, and required empirical verification. Mill's \"\"On",
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"chunk_text": "\"Works by Francis Bacon\"\nWorks by Francis Bacon Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban(s), KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author, and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the creator of empiricism. His works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the Scientific Method.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
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"chunk_id": "6331138",
"chunk_text": "Inductivism\ndeductive logic through vast efforts identifying it with mathematical proof. Originator of pragmatism—or, since 1905, \"\"pragmaticism\"\", distinguished from more recent appropriations of Peirce's original term—the American Peirce recognized induction, too, but continuously insisted on a third type of inference that Pierce variously termed \"\"abduction\"\" or \"\"retroduction\"\" or \"\"hypothesis\"\" or \"\"presumption\"\". Later philosophers gave Peirce's abduction, \"\"etc\"\", the synonym \"\"inference to the best explanation\"\" (IBE). Many philosophers of science espousing scientific realism have maintained that IBE is how scientists develop approximately true scientific theories about nature. After defeat of National Socialism with the close of World War II in 1945, logical",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nthe Logic of Science\"\" (1877–1878) and \"\"A Theory of Probable Inference\"\" (1883). With a repeated measures design, he introduced blinded, controlled randomized experiments (before Fisher). He invented an optimal design for experiments on gravity, in which he \"\"corrected the means\"\". He used logistic regression, correlation, and smoothing, and improved the treatment of outliers. He introduced terms \"\"confidence\"\" and \"\"likelihood\"\" (before Neyman and Fisher). (See the historical books of Stephen Stigler.) Many of Peirce's ideas were later popularized and developed by Ronald A. Fisher, Jerzy Neyman, Frank P. Ramsey, Bruno de Finetti, and Karl Popper. Karl Popper (1902–1994) is generally credited",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12135452",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nfacts. He analyses induction into three steps: Upon these follow special techniques applicable for quantity, such as the method of least squares, curves, means, and special methods depending on resemblance (such as pattern matching, the method of gradation, and the method of natural classification (such as cladistics). But no art of discovery, such as Bacon anticipated, follows, for \"\"invention, sagacity, genius\"\" are needed at every step. Whewell's sophisticated concept of science had similarities to that shown by Herschel, and he considered that a good hypothesis should connect fields that had previously been thought unrelated, a process he called consilience. However,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
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"chunk_text": "\"On the Origin of Species\"\nmechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's \"\"A System of Logic\"\", while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's \"\"Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences\"\", in which investigation could begin with the intuitive idea that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
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"chunk_id": "14275684",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\ntheory of everything: To explain all nature is too difficult a task for any one man or even for any one age. 'Tis much better to do a little with certainty, and leave the rest for others that come after you, than to explain all things. Newton's work became a model that other sciences sought to emulate, and his inductive approach formed the basis for much of natural philosophy through the 18th and early 19th centuries. Some methods of reasoning were later systematized by Mill's Methods (or Mill's canon), which are five explicit statements of what can be discarded and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
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"chunk_id": "14275688",
"chunk_text": "\"History of scientific method\"\nBy 1820, he felt confident enough in his beliefs that he resolved to demonstrate them in a public lecture, and in fact observed a small magnetic effect from a galvanic circuit (i.e., voltaic circuit), \"\"without rehearsal\"\"; In 1831 John Herschel (1792–1871) published \"\"A Preliminary Discourse on the study of Natural Philosophy\"\", setting out the principles of science. Measuring and comparing observations was to be used to find generalisations in \"\"empirical laws\"\", which described regularities in phenomena, then natural philosophers were to work towards the higher aim of finding a universal \"\"law of nature\"\" which explained the causes and effects producing",
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"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_884
|
the first political society started under british rule in india was?
|
n/a
|
[
"The British Indian Association"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "18051593",
"chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (India)\"\noutposts in the Indian subcontinent by the 17th century. Through overwhelming military strength, the British East India company subdued local kingdoms and established themselves as the dominant force by the 18th century. Following the First War of Independence of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led the British Crown to assume direct control of India. In the decades following, civic society gradually emerged across India, most notably the Indian National Congress Party, formed in 1885. The period after World War I was marked by British reforms such as the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, but it also witnessed the enactment of the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nPolitical warfare in British colonial India Political warfare in British colonial India aided a British minority in maintaining control over large parts of present-day India, Pakistan, and Burma. The East India Company obtained a foothold in India in 1695 and from that start expanded the territory it controlled until it was the primary power in the subcontinent. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the British Government nationalised the Company creating the British Raj. The Company lost all its administrative powers; its Indian possessions, including its armed forces, were taken over by the Crown pursuant to the provisions of the Government",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Indian Home Rule Society\"\nIndian Home Rule Society The Indian Home Rule Society (IHRS) was an Indian organisation founded in London in 1905 that sought to promote the cause of self-rule in British India. The organisation was founded by Shyamji Krishna Varma, with support from a number of prominent Indian nationalists in Britain at the time, including Bhikaji Cama, Dadabhai Naoroji and S.R. Rana, and was intended to be a rival organisation to the British Committee of the Indian National Congress that was the main avenue of the loyalist opinion at the time. Founded on 18 February 1905, the IHRS was a metropolitan organisation",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
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"chunk_id": "19895390",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the British Raj\"\nHistory of the British Raj The history of the British Raj refers to the period of British rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who in 1876 was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when the British provinces of India were partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the \"\"Dominion of India\"\" and the \"\"Dominion of Pakistan\"\", leaving the princely states to choose between them. The two new dominions later",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
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"chunk_id": "4423632",
"chunk_text": "\"Presidencies and provinces of British India\"\nPresidencies and provinces of British India The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent. Collectively, they were called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods: In 1608, Mughal authorities allowed the English East India Company to establish a small trading settlement at Surat (now in the state of Gujarat), and this became the company's first headquarters town. It was followed in 1611 by a permanent factory at Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_text": "\"British Raj\"\nit was a of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945. This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when it was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India (later the Republic of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
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"chunk_text": "India\nintroduction in Europe. However, disaffection with the company also grew during this time, and set off the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Fed by diverse resentments and perceptions, including invasive British-style social reforms, harsh land taxes, and summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, the rebellion rocked many regions of northern and central India and shook the foundations of Company rule. Although the rebellion was suppressed by 1858, it led to the dissolution of the East India Company and the direct administration of India by the British government. Proclaiming a unitary state and a gradual but limited British-style parliamentary system,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "18806996",
"chunk_text": "\"Panchayati raj\"\nPanchayati raj The Panchayat raj ( \"\"panchayat-\"\" \"\"village council\"\", \"\"raj\"\" \"\"rule\"\") is a South Asian political system found mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It is the oldest system of local government in South Asia, and historical mentions date to the c. 250 AD period. The word \"\"raj\"\" means \"\"rule\"\" and \"\"panchayat\"\" means \"\"assembly\"\" (\"\"ayat\"\") of five (\"\"panch\"\"). Traditionally panchayats consisted of wise and respected elders chosen and accepted by the local community. However, there were varying forms of such assemblies. Traditionally, these assemblies settled disputes between individuals and between villages. The leader of the panchayat was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "8773614",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian independence movement\"\nIndian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Raj and encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Raj (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947) considering movement against British Indian Empire. The Indian Independence movement includes both protest (peaceful and non-violent) and militant (violent) mechanisms to root out British Administration from India. The first organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Direct rule\"\nBritish India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The \"\"de facto\"\" political amalgamation was also called the \"\"Indian Empire\"\" and after 1876 issued passports under that name. As India, it was a of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945. This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "14445238",
"chunk_text": "\"Dharmaśāstra\"\n(Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs). In 18th century, the earliest British of the East India Company acted as agents of the Mughal emperor. As the British colonial rule took over the political and administrative powers in India, it was faced with various state responsibilities such as legislative and judiciary functions. The East India Company, and later the British Crown, sought profits for its British shareholders through trade as well as sought to maintain effective political control with minimal military engagement. The administration pursued a path of least resistance, relying upon co-opted local intermediaries that were mostly Muslims and some Hindus in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "19895430",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the British Raj\"\ninto being, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi. The following day, 15 August 1947, India, now a smaller \"\"Union of India\"\", became an independent country with official ceremonies taking place in New Delhi, and with Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of the prime minister, and the viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, staying on as its first Governor General. History of the British Raj The history of the British Raj refers to the period of British rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "9755841",
"chunk_text": "\"British Raj\"\nBritish Raj The British Raj (; from \"\"rāj\"\", literally, \"\"rule\"\" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called British India or simply India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The whole was also informally called the Indian Empire. As India,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_text": "\"British Raj\"\nlanguage. Zinkin argues that in the long-run, what matters most about the legacy of the Raj is the British political ideologies which the Indians took over after 1947, especially the belief in unity, democracy, the rule of law and a certain equality beyond caste and creed. Zinkin sees this not just in the Congress party but also among Hindu nationalists in the Bharatiya Janata Party, which specifically emphasises Hindu traditions. British Raj The British Raj (; from \"\"rāj\"\", literally, \"\"rule\"\" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The rule is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_text": "\"British Indian Association\"\nKrishna Kishore Ghosh, Jagadananda Mukhopadhyay, Peary Chand Mitra, and Sambhunath Pandit. Most of the early leaders of the British Indian Association were conservatives by tradition and temperament, although there were some progressive like Ramgopal Ghosh and Peary Chand Mitra. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society. The Zamindari Association, which was later renamed Landholders’ Society, was established in 12 November 1837 by Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Radhakanta Deb, Ramkamal Sen and Bhabani Charan Mitra. It has been described as “the first organisation of Bengal with distinct political object.” The society",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "9740381",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Civil Service (British India)\"\nIndian Civil Service (British India) The Indian Civil Service (ICS), for part of the 19th century officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the elite higher civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Its members ruled more than 300 million people in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma (then comprising British Raj). They were ultimately responsible for overseeing all government activity in the 250 districts that comprised British India. They were appointed under Section XXXII of the Government of India Act 1858, enacted by the Parliament of the",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nimportant role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated from Magadha. These empires saw advancements in ancient India's science, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy and were considered the Indian \"\"Golden Age\"\". The Magadha kingdom included republican communities such as the community of Rajakumara. Villages had their own assemblies under their local chiefs called Gramakas. Their administrations were divided into executive, judicial, and military functions. The Hindu epic \"\"Mahabharata\"\" calls Brihadratha the first ruler of Magadha. Early sources, from the Buddhist Pāli Canon, the Jain Agamas and the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "15607883",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Empire Society\"\nIndian Empire Society The Indian Empire Society was a London-based lobbying organization, formed in 1930 to promote the cause of the British Empire in India. The Society came into being at a meeting in July 1930 held in the Caxton Hall, London, at which the prime mover was Sir Michael O'Dwyer, a former Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, following correspondence between the 4th Marquess of Salisbury and George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe. Its activists were mostly former members of the Indian Civil Service and included several former provincial governors of British India, among them O'Dwyer, Lord Meston, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "15607886",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Empire Society\"\nIndian Empire Society The Indian Empire Society was a London-based lobbying organization, formed in 1930 to promote the cause of the British Empire in India. The Society came into being at a meeting in July 1930 held in the Caxton Hall, London, at which the prime mover was Sir Michael O'Dwyer, a former Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, following correspondence between the 4th Marquess of Salisbury and George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe. Its activists were mostly former members of the Indian Civil Service and included several former provincial governors of British India, among them O'Dwyer, Lord Meston, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Indian Empire Society\"\na too rapid advance towards self-government would be fraught with the utmost danger, not only to British trade and commerce, but also to the security and happiness of the 350,000,000 of our Indian fellow-subjects.\"\"\"\" (published in the Times, 1933) The society's first public meeting was held in Westminster in July 1930. The first president was Lord Sumner. Winston Churchill joined in October 1930 and made speeches to the society on a number of occasions.. Other prominent members included: Correspondence and papers of the Society from 1930 to 1948 are held in the Bodleian Library's Special Collections and Western Manuscripts section.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "3808292",
"chunk_text": "\"Early Nationalists\"\nEarly Nationalists The Early Nationalists, also known as the Moderates, were a group of political leaders in India active between 1885 and 1905. Their emergence marked the beginning of the organised national movement in India. With members of the group drawn from educated middle-class professionals including lawyers, teachers and government officials, many of them were educated in England. They have become known as \"\"Early Nationalists\"\" because they believed in demanding reforms while adopting constitutional and peaceful means to achieve their aims. The Early Nationalists had full faith in the British sense of justice, fair play, honesty, and integrity while they",
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "1136680",
"chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nrequired replacing of pre-existing political institutions and replacing them with centralised, territory-wide, and bureaucratic legal-administrative institutions that were controlled by colonial officials. Indirect rule was a form of colonial domination via collaboration with indigenous intermediaries who controlled regional political institutions. Colonial India was a mix of the two types of rule. While the Civil Service ran a large portion of the country, \"\"in peripheral regions, chiefs, princes, sultans, and other indigenous leaders controlled \"\"customary\"\" legal-administrative institutions that were organised along patrimonial lines.\"\" Leading colonial officials believed indirect rule was more adaptive and culturally sensitive, far superior to direct rule, in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "14523673",
"chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nCompany rule in India Company rule in India (sometimes, Company \"\"Raj\"\", \"\"\"\"raj\"\", lit. \"\"rule\"\" in Hindi) refers to the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when Mir Jafar, the new Nawab of Bengal enthroned by Robert Clive, became a puppet in the Company's hands; in 1765, when the Company was granted the \"\"diwani\"\", or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first",
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "4306015",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Indian National Congress\"\n(A political party of India (British India to Free India)) in order to form a platform for civic and political dialogue among educated Indians. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, control of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Empire. British-controlled India, known as the British Raj, or just the Raj, worked to try to support and justify its governance of India with the aid of English-educated Indians, who tended to more familiar with and friendly to British culture and political thinking. Ironically, a few of the reasons that the Congress grew and survived, particularly in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Indian Political Department\"\nofficers continued to serve as employees of the Union of India. The staff employed by the IPD, known as the Indian Political Service, were generally referred to as political officers, or colloquially as \"\"politicals\"\", and were recruited from four areas: Employees of the political service were predominantly racially European, although small numbers of Indians were employed. Indian Political Department The Indian Political Department (IPD) was a government department in British India. It originated in a resolution passed on 13 September 1783 by the Board of Directors of the East India Company; this decreed the creation of a department which could",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_text": "\"Presidencies and provinces of British India\"\nIndia Company had become the paramount political and military power in south Asia, its territory held in trust for the British Crown. Company rule in Bengal from 1793, however, ended with the Government of India Act 1858 following the events of the Bengal Rebellion of 1857. From then known as British India, it was thereafter directly ruled by the British Crown as a colonial possession of the United Kingdom, and India was officially known after 1876 as the Indian Empire. India was divided into British India, regions that were directly administered by the British, with Acts established and passed in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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"chunk_id": "18630322",
"chunk_text": "\"The History of British India\"\nThe History of British India The History of British India is a history of Company rule in India by the 19th century British historian and imperial political theorist James Mill. This \"\"History\"\" went into many editions and during the 19th century became the standard reference work on its subject among British imperialists. James Mill began his History of British India in 1806, expecting it to take him about three years, but its completion proved to take instead twelve years, with three substantial volumes at last being published early in 1817. The work was immediately successful among British imperialists and secured",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "9050761",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of India under Company rule\"\nEconomy of India under Company rule The Economy of India under Company rule describes the economy of those regions (contemporaneously British India) that fell under Company rule in India during the years 1757 to 1858. The British East India Company began ruling parts of the Indian subcontinent beginning with the Battle of Plassey, which led to the conquest of Bengal Subah and the founding of the Bengal Presidency, before the Company expanded across most of the subcontinent up until the Indian Rebellion of 1857. A number of historians point to the colonization of India as a major factor in both",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of the British Empire\"\nBritish Raj, also called the Indian Empire, was the imperial political structure in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947, comprising British India (a Crown colony: presidencies and provinces directly governed by the British Crown through the Viceroy and Governor-General of India) and Princely States, governed by Indian rulers, under the suzerainty of the British Crown exercised through the Viceroy and Governor-General of India. Within twenty years of the partition and independence in 1947 of British India (considered to be the most important colonial possession), most of the Empire's territories had achieved full independence. Today 14 former colonies (since 2002",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Lok Sabha\"\nwithin the premises of Parliament. A major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1858 to 1947. During this period, the office of the Secretary of State for India (along with the Council of India) was the authority through whom British Parliament exercised its rule in the Indian sub-continent, and the office of Viceroy of India was created, along with an Executive Council in India, consisting of high officials of the British government. The Indian Councils Act 1861 provided for a Legislative Council consisting of the members of the Executive Council and non-official members. The Indian Councils",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
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"chunk_text": "\"British Raj\"\njudges in the Bengal Presidency on equal footing with British ones, that transformed the discontent into political action. On 28 December 1885, professionals and intellectuals from this middle-class—many educated at the new British-founded universities in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, and familiar with the ideas of British political philosophers, especially the utilitarians assembled in Bombay. The seventy men founded the Indian National Congress; Womesh Chunder Bonerjee was elected the first president. The membership comprised a westernised elite and no effort was made at this time to broaden the base. During its first twenty years, the Congress primarily debated British policy toward",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "18114238",
"chunk_text": "\"Early Nationalists\"\nof the Indians.His book \"\"Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India\"\" pointed out how India was exploited and economically drained by the British Government. Early Nationalists The Early Nationalists, also known as the Moderates, were a group of political leaders in India active between 1885 and 1905. Their emergence marked the beginning of the organised national movement in India. With members of the group drawn from educated middle-class professionals including lawyers, teachers and government officials, many of them were educated in England. They have become known as \"\"Early Nationalists\"\" because they believed in demanding reforms while adopting constitutional and peaceful means",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"British Raj\"\nto be an egalitarian and tolerant society, one befitting the principles of Truth and \"\"Ahimsa\"\", while the last, by making Indians more self-reliant, would break the cycle of dependence that was not only perpetrating the direction and tenor of the British rule in India, but also the British commitment to it. At least until 1920, the British presence itself, was not a stumbling block in Gandhi's conception of \"\"swaraj\"\"; rather, it was the inability of Indians to create a modern society. Gandhi made his political debut in India in 1917 in Champaran district in Bihar, near the Nepal border, where",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "3174938",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Home Rule Society\"\nSociologist\"\", was the foundation of the militant Indian nationalist movement in Britain. After Krishna Varma's shift to Paris in 1907, the society gave way the secret nationalist society of Abhinav Bharat Mandal, founded by V.D. Savarkar. The society was founded amongst efforts and movements that arose to reverse the flow of authority and power from Britain to India. along with substantial help from Bhikaji Cama. Indian Home Rule Society The Indian Home Rule Society (IHRS) was an Indian organisation founded in London in 1905 that sought to promote the cause of self-rule in British India. The organisation was founded by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
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"chunk_id": "7468153",
"chunk_text": "Bengal\nindependent Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. In Bengal effective political and military power was transferred from the old regime to the British East India Company around 1757–65. Company rule in India began under the Bengal Presidency. Calcutta was named the capital of British India in 1772. The presidency was run by a military-civil administration, including the Bengal Army, and had the world's sixth earliest railway network. Great Bengal famines struck several times during colonial rule (notably the Great Bengal famine of 1770 and Bengal famine of 1943). The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was initiated on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "1723900",
"chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nthe rise of Indian nationalism, leading Indians to seek first \"\"self-rule\"\" and later \"\"complete independence\"\". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a \"\"clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests\"\", \"\"racial discriminations\"\", and \"\"the revelation of India's past\"\". The first step toward Indian self-rule was the appointment of councillors to advise the British viceroy in 1861 and the first Indian was appointed in 1909. Provincial Councils with Indian members were also set up. The councillors' participation was subsequently widened into legislative councils. The British built a large British Indian Army, with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2618152",
"chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nthe total budget of 82 million pounds) to the army and civil administration. Imperial service enabled the mainly southern, professional and public-school culture to reproduce itself abroad and also... create facsimiles among elites in the new colonies established. The Indians in the Civil Service were to be brought up as gentleman and an \"\"Eton in India\"\" was established, thereby perpetuating a political ruling class of Indians owing their position to England. The native Indians in the Civil Service became the bridge by which Englishmen governed the masses or as the official Zachary Macaulay said in 1834, we \"\"must do our",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "10381741",
"chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nin 1791 during the administration of Lord Cornwallis. The promotion of knowledge of Asia had attracted scholars as well to the Company's service. Earlier, in 1784, the Asiatick Society had been founded in Calcutta by William Jones, a puisne judge in the newly established Supreme Court of Bengal. Soon, Jones was to advance his famous thesis on the common origin of Indo-European languages. The third related goal grew out of the philosophy then current among some Company officials that they would themselves become better administrators if they were better versed in the languages and cultures of India. It led in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "11333447",
"chunk_text": "Diarchy\nDiarchy A diarchy (from Greek , \"\"di-\"\", \"\"double\"\", and , \"\"-arkhía\"\", \"\"ruled\"\") or duumvirate (from Latin ', \"\"the office of the two men\"\") is a form of government characterized by corule, with two people ruling a polity together either lawfully or \"\"de facto\"\", by collusion and force. The leaders of such a system are usually known as corulers. Historically, \"\"diarchy\"\" particularly referred to the system of shared rule in British India established by the Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935, which devolved some powers to local councils, which had included native Indian representation under the Indian Councils Act",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "1723896",
"chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\na \"\"cultural\"\" organisation. Sikhs founded the Shiromani Akali Dal in 1920. However, the largest and oldest political party Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, attempted to keep a distance from the socio-religious movements and identity politics. The Hindu Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent during the period of British rule dominated by Bengali Hindus. The Hindu Renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772–1833) and ended with Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), although many stalwarts thereafter continued to embody particular aspects",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "14282405",
"chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nWhile this policy was not adopted, the Company did establish a more universal currency based on the sicca rupee to restrain the power of the shroff moneylenders. Later when the Company had increased its power and influence in the subcontinent it started acting as a government. In 1793, Lord Cornwallis abolished the right of local landholders to collect dues on trade which cut back on the feudal powers of the princes, limiting their martial strength and turning them into landlords. After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the new British administration created a close partnership with certain land-holders and princes to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7635571",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian political philosophy\"\nIndian political philosophy Indian political philosophy may be categorized into several distinct traditions, including: the Vedic (c. 1200 BCE - 10th century CE); the Jain-Buddhist-Hindu (6th century BCE - 2nd century CE); the Indo-Islamic (10th century CE-1857); the modern or Indo-British (c. 1857 - 1947); and the contemporary (post-independence - present). In India as elsewhere, political philosophy involves on the one hand speculations on the relationships between individual, society and state, and detailed treatises on the mechanics of statecraft, state policy, war and diplomacy and international relations. Contemporary Indian political philosophy is an emerging discipline garnering increasing interest with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7635719",
"chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\ncontrol over large areas of the Indian subcontinent. From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company of the British Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of rapid development of infrastructure, economic decline and major famines. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched with the leading party involved being the Indian National Congress which was later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "192164",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian National Association\"\nfully into the hands of Brahmo Samaj by 1885 allowing all the Brahmo factions (i.e. Adi Brahmo Samaj, Adi Dharm Sabha, Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, Prarthana Samaj) to form in 1885 the Indian National Congress which has ruled present day India for most of its independent history. Indian National Association The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The objectives of this Association were \"\"promoting by every legitimate means the political , intellectual and material advancement of the people\"\". The Association",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2865864",
"chunk_text": "\"British Indian Association\"\nBritish Indian Association The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. Its formation was a major event of 19th-century India. Its establishment meant Indians had come together and could no longer be ignored. It developed enormous hopes amongst the Indians about their future. The first committee of the association was composed of : Raja Radhakanta Deb – President, Raja Kalikrishna Deb – Vice-President, Debendranath Tagore – secretary, Digambar Mitra – Asst Secretary, members – Raja Staya Saran Ghosal, Harakumar Tagore, Prasanna Coomar Tagore, Ramanath Tagore, Jay Krishna Mukerjee, Asutosh Deb, Harimohan Sen, Ramgopal Ghosh, Umesh Chandra Dutta (Rambagan),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5492658",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian National Congress\"\nIndian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. Congress is a secular party whose socialdemocratic platform is generally considered to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2618154",
"chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nbeen able to save them.\"\" In 1885 after the founding of the Indian National Congress, native Indians began campaigning against the power of the Indian Civil Service by attacking it with a slogan that stressed the \"\"unBritishness of British rule.\"\" In response, the Service rejected the idea of more Indians in its ranks, but instead offered concessions to allow more Indians in local legislative councils; however as the ICS integrated the councils, they carefully included members of different religions and castes to inhibit effectiveness and largely neutralise any check on their power. In addition, membership to the legislative councils was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1136692",
"chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nthe political process to make the body less effective. For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, political warfare and subversion were used by the Russians to destabilise British rule in India, as well as by the British to retain a hold on those conquered subjects. This political contest, largely using proxies, is called The Great Game. The term was coined by British officer Captain Arthur Conolly in the early 19th century and made famous by Rudyard Kipling’s book Kim. The Game took place from the Caucuses to Tibet and south to India, with the wealth and control of India",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17905802",
"chunk_text": "\"Historiography of the British Empire\"\nlocal rulers who are supervised behind the scenes by British advisors, with different economic results as shown by Lakshmi Iyer (2010). In much of the Empire, large local populations were ruled in close cooperation with the local hierarchy. Historians have developed categories of control, such as \"\"subsidiary alliances\"\", \"\"paramountcy\"\", \"\"protectorates\"\", \"\"indirect rule\"\", \"\"clientelism\"\", or \"\"collaboration\"\". Local elites were co-opted into leadership positions, and often had the role of minimizing opposition from local independence movements. Fisher has explored the origins and development of the system of indirect rule. The British East India Company starting in the mid-18th century stationed its staff",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14523676",
"chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nRaj. The English East India Company (\"\"the Company\"\") was founded in 1600, as \"\"The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies\"\". It gained a foothold in India with the establishment of a factory in Masulipatnam on the Eastern coast of India in 1611 and the grant of the rights to establish a factory in Surat in 1612 by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. In 1640, after receiving similar permission from the Vijayanagara ruler farther south, a second factory was established in Madras on the southeastern coast. Bombay island, not far from Surat, a former Portuguese outpost gifted to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_885
|
what is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant?
|
n/a
|
[
"Amineptine"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "14298314",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nTricyclic antidepressant Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds. Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been largely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13514388",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nmechanisms other than serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibition: Legend: Tricyclic antidepressant Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds. Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been largely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "14301390",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\ndescribed in U.S. patent 3,074,931 issued 1963-01-22 by assignment to Smith Kline & French Laboratories. The compounds described share a tricyclic backbone different from the backbone of the TCA amitriptyline. Merck introduced the second member of the TCA family, amitriptyline (Elavil), in 1961. This compound has a different three-ring structure than imipramine. A very small number of cases involving non-medical use of antidepressants have been reported over the past 30 years. According to the US government classification of psychiatric medications, TCAs are \"\"non-abusable\"\" and generally have low abuse potential. Nonetheless due to their atypical MOA, amineptine and tianeptine (dopamine reuptake",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3557623",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nSSRIs and other newer antidepressants such as the novel reversible MAOI moclobemide. However, tricyclic antidepressants are possibly more effective in treating melancholic depression than other antidepressant drug classes. Newer antidepressants are thought to have fewer and less severe side effects and are also thought to be less likely to result in injury or death if used in a suicide attempt, as the doses required for clinical treatment and potentially lethal overdose (see therapeutic index) are far wider in comparison. Nonetheless, the TCAs are still occasionally used for treatment-resistant depression that has failed to respond to therapy with newer antidepressants. They",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2676713",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nimipramine, a dibenzazepine analogue of chlorpromazine code-named G22355. It was not originally targeted for the treatment of depression. The drug's tendency to induce manic effects was \"\"later described as 'in some patients, quite disastrous'\"\". The paradoxical observation of a sedative inducing mania led to testing with depressed patients. The first trial of imipramine took place in 1955 and the first report of antidepressant effects was published by Swiss psychiatrist Roland Kuhn in 1957. Some testing of Geigy’s imipramine, then known as Tofranil, took place at the Münsterlingen Hospital near Konstanz. Geigy later became Ciba-Geigy and eventually Novartis. Dibenzazepine derivatives are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298315",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\n(NRIs). Adverse effects have been found to be of a similar level between TCAs and SSRIs. The TCAs are used primarily in the clinical treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and treatment-resistant variants. They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP) also known as social anxiety disorder (SAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and panic disorder (PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, certain personality disorders such as borderline",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20650892",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\"\nTricyclic antidepressant overdose Tricyclic antidepressant overdose is poisoning caused by excessive medication of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) type. Symptoms may include elevated body temperature, blurred vision, dilated pupils, sleepiness, confusion, seizures, rapid heart rate, and cardiac arrest. If symptoms have not occurred within six hours of exposure they are unlikely to occur. TCA overdose may occur by accident or purposefully in an attempt to cause death. The toxic dose depends on the specific TCA. Most are non-toxic at less than 5 mg/kg except for desipramine, nortriptyline, and trimipramine, which are generally non-toxic at less than 2.5 mg/kg. In small children",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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{
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"chunk_id": "2676710",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nbut with a vastly different pharmacology. Therapeutic levels of TCAs are generally in the range of about 100 to 300 ng/mL, or 350 to 1,100 nM. Plasma protein binding is generally 90% or greater. There are two major groups of TCAs in terms of chemical structure, which most, but not all, TCAs fall into. The groupings are based on the tricyclic ring system. They are the dibenzazepines (imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, lofepramine) and the dibenzocycloheptadienes (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, butriptyline). Minor TCA groups based on ring system include the dibenzoxepins (doxepin), the dibenzothiepines (dosulepin), and the dibenzoxazepines (amoxapine). In addition to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298329",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nreuptake inhibitors (DRIs). Both serotonin and norepinephrine have been highly implicated in depression and anxiety, and it has been shown that facilitation of their activity has beneficial effects on these mental disorders. In addition to their reuptake inhibition, many TCAs also have high affinity as antagonists at the 5-HT (5-HT and 5-HT), 5-HT, 5-HT, α-adrenergic, and NMDA receptors, and as agonists at the sigma receptors (σ and σ), some of which may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, as well as their side effects. The TCAs also have varying but typically high affinity for antagonising the H and H histamine receptors,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2345527",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\"\n33% of all fatal poisonings, second only to analgesics. Another study reported 95% of deaths from antidepressants in England and Wales between 1993 and 1997 were associated with tricyclic antidepressants, particularly dothiepin and amitriptyline. It was determined there were 5.3 deaths per 100,000 prescriptions. Sodium channel blockers such as Dilantin should not be used in the treatment of TCA overdose as the Na+ blockade will increase the QTI. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose Tricyclic antidepressant overdose is poisoning caused by excessive medication of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) type. Symptoms may include elevated body temperature, blurred vision, dilated pupils, sleepiness, confusion, seizures, rapid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2676708",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nas well as the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. As a result, they also act as potent antihistamines and anticholinergics. These properties are often beneficial in antidepressants, especially with comorbid anxiety, as it provides a sedative effect. Most, if not all, of the TCAs also potently inhibit sodium channels and -type calcium channels, and therefore act as sodium channel blockers and calcium channel blockers, respectively. The former property is responsible for the high mortality rate upon overdose seen with the TCAs via cardiotoxicity. It may also be involved in their efficacy as analgesics, however. In summary, tricyclic antidepressants can acts through NMDA",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2676711",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nclassification based on the ring system, TCAs can also be usefully grouped based on the number of substitutions of the side chain amine. These groups include the tertiary amines (imipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, amitriptyline, butriptyline, doxepin, dosulepin) and the secondary amines (desipramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline). Lofepramine is technically a tertiary amine, but acts largely as a prodrug of desipramine, a secondary amine, and hence is more similar in profile to the secondary amines than to the tertiary amines. Amoxapine does not have the TCA side chain and hence is neither a tertiary nor secondary amine, although it is often grouped with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9762219",
"chunk_text": "Butriptyline\nButriptyline Butriptyline, sold under the brand name Evadyne among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and several other European countries for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed. Along with trimipramine, iprindole, and amoxapine, it has been described as an \"\"atypical\"\" or \"\"second-generation\"\" TCA due to its relatively late introduction and atypical pharmacology. It was very little-used compared to other TCAs, with the number of prescriptions dispensed only in the thousands. Butriptyline was used in the treatment of depression. It was usually used at dosages of 150–300 mg/day.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3557635",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nprotein bound and become less bound in more acidic conditions, so by reversing the acidosis, protein binding increases and bioavailability thus decreases – the sodium load may also help to reverse the Na+ channel blocking effects of the TCA). The TCAs are highly metabolised by the cytochrome P450 hepatic enzymes. Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 (for example cimetidine, methylphenidate, fluoxetine, antipsychotics, and calcium channel blockers) may produce decreases in the TCAs' metabolism, leading to increases in their blood concentrations and accompanying toxicity. Drugs that prolong the QT interval including antiarrhythmics such as quinidine, the antihistamines astemizole and terfenadine, and some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298316",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\npersonality disorder (BPD), Neurological disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's disease as well as chronic pain, neuralgia or neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia, headache, or migraine, smoking cessation, tourette syndrome, trichotillomania, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), interstitial cystitis (IC), nocturnal enuresis (NE), narcolepsy, insomnia, pathological crying and/or laughing, chronic hiccups, ciguatera poisoning, and as an adjunct in schizophrenia. For many years the TCAs were the first choice for pharmacological treatment of clinical depression. Although they are still considered to be highly effective, they have been increasingly replaced by antidepressants with an improved safety and side effect profile, such as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6251258",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nare not considered addictive and are somewhat preferable to the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The side effects of the TCAs usually come to prominence before the therapeutic benefits against depression and/or anxiety do, and for this reason, they may potentially be somewhat dangerous, as volition can be increased, possibly giving the patient a greater desire to attempt or commit suicide. The TCAs were used in the past in the clinical treatment of ADHD, though they are not typically used anymore, having been replaced by more effective agents with fewer side effects such as atomoxetine (Strattera, Tomoxetin) and stimulants like methylphenidate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298321",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nblurry vision, lowered gastrointestinal motility or constipation, urinary retention, cognitive and/or memory impairment, and increased body temperature. Other side effects may include drowsiness, anxiety, emotional blunting (apathy/anhedonia), confusion, restlessness, dizziness, akathisia, hypersensitivity, changes in appetite and weight, sweating, sexual dysfunction, muscle twitches, weakness, nausea and vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia, and rarely, irregular heart rhythms. Twitching, hallucinations, delirium and coma are also some of the toxic effects caused by overdose. Rhabdomyolysis or muscle breakdown has been rarely reported with this class of drugs as well. Tolerance to these adverse effects of these drugs often develops if treatment is continued. Side effects may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2676709",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nantagonism, opioidergic effects, sodium, potassium and calcium channel blocking, through interfering with the reuptake of serotonin, and acting as antagonists to SHAM (serotonin, histamine, alpha, muscarinic) receptors. Thus their dangerous side effect profile limits their use in daily practice. The binding profiles of various TCAs and some metabolites in terms of their affinities (, ) for various receptors and transporters are as follows: With the exception of the sigma receptors, the TCAs act as antagonists or inverse agonists of the receptors and as inhibitors of the transporters. Tianeptine is included in this list due to it technically being a TCA,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6128728",
"chunk_text": "Antidepressant\nlargely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs). Adverse effects have been found to be of a similar level between TCAs and SSRIs. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of antidepressants that were first introduced in the 1970s. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains four rings of atoms, and are closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which contain three rings of atoms. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are chemicals which inhibit the activity of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6251268",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nalso be less troublesome if treatment is initiated with low doses and then gradually increased, although this may also delay the beneficial effects. TCAs can behave like class 1A antiarrhythmics, as such, they can theoretically terminate ventricular fibrillation, decrease cardiac contractility and increase collateral blood circulation to ischemic heart muscle. Naturally, in overdose, they can be cardiotoxic, prolonging heart rhythms and increasing myocardial irritability. New research has also revealed compelling evidence of a link between long-term use of anticholinergic medications like TCAs and dementia. Although many studies have investigated this link, this was the first study to use a long-term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298324",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nor months to minimise symptoms. In tricyclics, discontinuation syndrome symptoms include anxiety, insomnia, headache, nausea, malaise, or motor disturbance. TCA overdose is a significant cause of fatal drug poisoning. The severe morbidity and mortality associated with these drugs is well documented due to their cardiovascular and neurological toxicity. Additionally, it is a serious problem in the pediatric population due to their inherent toxicity and the availability of these in the home when prescribed for bed-wetting and depression. In the event of a known or suspected overdose, medical assistance should be sought immediately. A number of treatments are effective in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13514387",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\ninhibition and μ-opioid receptor agonism, respectively) are the two TCAs with the highest addiction and abuse potential. Several cases of the misuse of amitriptyline alone or together with methadone or in other drug dependent patients and of dosulepin with alcohol or in methadone patients have been reported. Those that preferentially inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (by at least 10-fold over norepinephrine) include: Those that preferentially inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine (by at least 10-fold over serotonin) include: Whereas either fairly balanced reuptake inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine or unspecified inhibitors include: And the following are TCAs that act via main",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20669741",
"chunk_text": "\"Tetracyclic antidepressant\"\nTetracyclic antidepressant Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of antidepressants that were first introduced in the 1970s. They are named after their tetracyclic chemical structure, containing four rings of atoms, and are closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which contain three rings of atoms. Drugs that contain four rings not all fused together but are sometimes still classified as TeCAs include: Drugs that contain four rings not all fused together but could still be classified as tetracyclic include: Drugs that contain four rings not all fused together but could still be classified as tetracyclic include: TeCAs have diverse pharmacology",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2676712",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nsecondary amines due to sharing more in common with them. The TCAs were developed amid the \"\"explosive birth\"\" of psychopharmacology in the early 1950s. The story begins with the synthesis of chlorpromazine in December 1950 by Rhône-Poulenc's chief chemist, Paul Charpentier, from synthetic antihistamines developed by Rhône-Poulenc in the 1940s. Its psychiatric effects were first noticed at a hospital in Paris in 1952. The first widely used psychiatric drug, by 1955 it was already generating significant revenue as an antipsychotic. Research chemists quickly began to explore other derivatives of chlorpromazine. The first TCA reported for the treatment of depression was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298320",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nof chronic pain, notably neuralgia or neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. The precise mechanism of action in explanation of their analgesic efficacy is unclear, but it is thought that they indirectly modulate the opioid system in the brain downstream via serotonergic and noradrenergic neuromodulation, among other properties. They are also effective in migraine prophylaxis, though not in the instant relief of an acute migraine attack. They may also be effective to prevent chronic tension headaches. Many side effects may be related to the antimuscarinic properties of the TCAs. Such side effects are relatively common and may include dry mouth, dry nose,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7459295",
"chunk_text": "\"Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome\"\nusually resolve within days or weeks of delivery. Antidepressant discontinuation symptoms were first reported with imipramine, the first tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), in the late 1950s, and each new class of antidepressants has brought reports of similar conditions, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), SSRIs, and SNRIs. As of 2001, at least 21 different antidepressants, covering all the major classes, were known to cause discontinuation syndromes. The problem has been poorly studied, and most of the literature has been case reports or small clinical studies; incidence is hard to determine and controversial. With the explosion of use and interest in SSRIs in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11978135",
"chunk_text": "Iprindole\nIprindole Iprindole, sold under the brand names Prondol, Galatur, and Tertran, is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed. It was developed by Wyeth and was marketed in 1967. The drug has been described by some as the first \"\"second-generation\"\" antidepressant to be introduced.<ref name=\"\"doi:10.1002/ddr.430030302\"\"></ref> However, it was very little-used compared to other TCAs, with the number of prescriptions dispensed only in the thousands. Iprindole was used in the treatment of major depressive disorder in dosages similar to those of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298328",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\nantipsychotics may increase the chance of ventricular dysrhythmias. TCAs may enhance the response to alcohol and the effects of barbiturates and other CNS depressants. Side effects may also be enhanced by other drugs that have antimuscarinic properties. The majority of the TCAs act primarily as SNRIs by blocking the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), respectively, which results in an elevation of the synaptic concentrations of these neurotransmitters, and therefore an enhancement of neurotransmission. Notably, with the sole exception of amineptine, the TCAs have negligible affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT), and therefore have no efficacy as dopamine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5790323",
"chunk_text": "Desipramine\nDesipramine Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin and Pertofrane among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used in the treatment of depression. It acts as a relatively selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, though it does also have other activities such as weak serotonin reuptake inhibitory, α-blocking, antihistamine, and anticholinergic effects. The drug is not considered a first-line treatment for depression since the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which have fewer side effects and are safer in overdose. Desipramine is primarily used for the treatment of depression. It may also be useful to treat symptoms of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20746021",
"chunk_text": "Dosulepin\nDosulepin Dosulepin, also known as dothiepin and sold under the brand name Prothiaden among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used in the treatment of depression. Dosulepin was once the most frequently prescribed antidepressant in the United Kingdom, but it is no longer widely used due to its relatively high toxicity in overdose without therapeutic advantages over other TCAs. It acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and also has other activities including antihistamine, antiadrenergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, and sodium channel-blocking effects. Dosulepin is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. There is clear evidence of the efficacy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2467250",
"chunk_text": "Antidepressant\nrewarding effects in psychostimulant drugs of abuse. The only drug used of this class for depression is bupropion. The majority of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) act primarily as serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) by blocking the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), respectively, which results in an elevation of the synaptic concentrations of these neurotransmitters, and therefore an enhancement of neurotransmission. Notably, with the sole exception of amineptine, the TCAs have negligible affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT), and therefore have no efficacy as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9978487",
"chunk_text": "Depressogenic\nDepressogenic A depressogenic substance (or depressogen) is one that causes or can cause depression, usually as a side effect. They are the functional opposites of antidepressants. Examples of drugs commonly associated with depressogenic effects include some anticonvulsants such as the barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam), vigabatrin, and topiramate, corticosteroids like dexamethasone and prednisone, cytokines like interferon-α and interleukin-2, certain antihypertensives such as amiodarone, clonidine, methyldopa, reserpine, and tetrabenazine (used as an antipsychotic/antihyperkinetic), and agents with antiandrogen, antiestrogen, and/or anti-neurosteroid activities such as GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin, goserelin), anastrozole (an aromatase inhibitor), finasteride (a 5α-reductase inhibitor), and clomiphene (a SERM),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20805257",
"chunk_text": "Maprotiline\nMaprotiline Maprotiline, sold under the brand name Ludiomil among others, is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) that is used in the treatment of depression. It may alternatively be classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), specifically a secondary amine. In terms of its chemistry and pharmacology, maprotiline is closely related to other secondary amine TCAs like nortriptyline and protriptyline, and has similar effects to them. Maprotiline is used in the treatment of depression, such as depression associated with agitation or anxiety and has similar efficacy to the antidepressant drug moclobemide. The use of maprotiline in the treatment of enuresis in pediatric patients",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "979071",
"chunk_text": "Imipraminoxide\nImipraminoxide Imipraminoxide (brand names Imiprex, Elepsin), or imipramine \"\"N\"\"-oxide, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that was introduced in Europe in the 1960s for the treatment of depression. Imipraminoxide is both an analogue and a metabolite of imipramine, and has similar effects. However, in clinical trials, imipraminoxide was found to have a faster onset of action, slightly higher efficacy, and fewer and less marked side effects, including diminished orthostatic hypotension and anticholinergic effects like dry mouth, sweating, dizziness, and fatigue. Imipraminoxide's pharmacology has not been well elucidated, but based on its very close relationship with imipramine, it likely acts as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14298319",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant\"\n(Ritalin, Focalin, Concerta), and amphetamine (Adderall, Attentin, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). ADHD is thought to be caused by an insufficiency of dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Most of the TCAs inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine, though not dopamine, and as a result, they show some efficacy in remedying the disorder. Notably, the TCAs are more effective in treating the behavioral aspects of ADHD than the cognitive deficits, as they help limit hyperactivity and impulsivity, but have little to no benefits on attention. The TCAs show efficacy in the clinical treatment of a number of different types",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5014181",
"chunk_text": "Trimipramine\nof trimipramine have included Herphonal, Rhotrimine, Sapilent, Stangyl, and Tydamine. Trimipramine is no longer marketed in Australia, though it was previously. Trimipramine Trimipramine, sold under the brand name Surmontil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression. It has also been used for its sedative, anxiolytic, and weak antipsychotic effects in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, respectively. The drug is described as an atypical or \"\"second-generation\"\" TCA because, unlike other TCAs, it seems to be a fairly weak monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Similarly to other TCAs however, trimipramine does have antihistamine, antiserotonergic, antiadrenergic,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2345525",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\"\nwith fluids along with bicarbonate to reverse metabolic acidosis (if present), if the blood pressure remains low despite fluids then further measures such as the administration of epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine can be used to increase blood pressure. Another potentially severe symptom is seizures: Seizures often resolve without treatment but administration of a benzodiazepine or other anticonvulsive may be required for persistent muscular overactivity. There is no role for physostigmine in the treatment of tricyclic toxicity as it may increase cardiac toxicity and cause seizures. In cases of severe TCA overdose that are refractory to conventional therapy, intravenous lipid emulsion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2467269",
"chunk_text": "Antidepressant\nonly the MAO-A subtype of inhibitors, making this drug safer to use. By the 1960s, it was thought that the mode of action of tricyclics was to inhibit norepinephrine reuptake. However, norepinephrine reuptake became associated with stimulating effects. Later tricyclics were thought to affect serotonin as proposed in 1969 by Carlsson and Lindqvist as well as Lapin and Oxenkrug. Researchers began a process of rational drug design to isolate antihistamine-derived compounds that would selectively target these systems. The first such compound to be patented was zimelidine in 1971, while the first released clinically was indalpine. Fluoxetine was approved for commercial",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11792849",
"chunk_text": "\"Atypical antidepressant\"\nwhich are under development and, at present, would be considered to be atypical antidepressants. Unlike current agents, they are more rapidly-acting antidepressants. Atypical antidepressant An atypical antidepressant is a type of antidepressant medication which acts in an atypical manner relative to most other antidepressants. Examples of atypical antidepressants include mirtazapine, bupropion, trazodone, nefazodone, tianeptine, and agomelatine. The agents vilazodone and vortioxetine are also partially atypical. Atypical antidepressants are as opposed to typical antidepressants like the , , , and , which act mainly by increasing the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin and/or norepinephrine. Among TCAs, trimipramine is an atypical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6899815",
"chunk_text": "Desipramine\nFrench and its are \"\"désipramine\"\", in Spanish and Italian and its are \"\"desipramina\"\", in German is \"\"desipramin\"\", and in Latin is \"\"desipraminum\"\". Desipramine is or has been marketed throughout the world under a variety of brand names, including Irene, Nebril, Norpramin, Pertofran, Pertofrane, Pertrofran, and Petylyl among others. Desipramine Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin and Pertofrane among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used in the treatment of depression. It acts as a relatively selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, though it does also have other activities such as weak serotonin reuptake inhibitory, α-blocking, antihistamine, and anticholinergic effects.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5343639",
"chunk_text": "Antidepressant\nin the available evidence base, including large variations in efficacy seen in trials performed in German-speaking relative to other countries. Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs) have also been shown to be an effective drug therapy with greater tolerability than other antidepressants; however, the efficacy of SSRIs, tricyclic, and tetracyclic antidepressants in treating depression is supported by a much larger evidence base compared to other antidepressant drug therapies (i.e., St John's wort, rMAO-A inhibitors, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants). In a 2008 publication, Irving Kirsch and Thomas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7641918",
"chunk_text": "Lofepramine\nLofepramine Lofepramine, sold under the brand names Gamanil, Lomont, and Tymelyt among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression. The TCAs are so named as they share the common property of having three rings in their chemical structure. Like most TCAs lofepramine is believed to work in relieving depression by increasing concentrations of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse, by inhibiting their reuptake. It is usually considered a third-generation TCA, as unlike the first- and second-generation TCAs it is relatively safe in overdose and has milder and less frequent side effects. Lofepramine is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20650895",
"chunk_text": "\"Tricyclic antidepressant overdose\"\nbeing sinus tachycardia and intraventricular conduction delay resulting in prolongation of the QRS complex and the PR/QT intervals. Seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and apnea are the most important life-threatening complications. Tricyclics have a narrow therapeutic index, \"\"i.e.\"\", the therapeutic dose is close to the toxic dose. Factors that increase the risk of toxicity include advancing age, cardiac status, and concomitant use of other drugs. However, serum drug levels are not useful for evaluating risk of arrhythmia or seizure in tricyclic overdose. Most of the toxic effects of TCAs are caused by four major pharmacological effects. TCAs have anticholinergic effects, cause excessive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13888639",
"chunk_text": "\"Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor\"\nbecame the first clinically useful tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Imipramine was found to affect numerous neurotransmitter systems and to block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin from the synapse, therefore increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters. Use of MAOIs and TCAs gave major advances in treatment of depression but their use was limited by unpleasant side effects and significant safety and toxicity issues. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the catecholamine hypothesis of emotion and its relation to depression was of wide interest and that the decreased levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine might play a role in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16813466",
"chunk_text": "\"Treatment-resistant depression\"\nTreatment-resistant depression Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or treatment-refractory depression is a term used in clinical psychiatry to describe a condition that affects people with major depressive disorder (MDD) who do not respond adequately to a course of appropriate antidepressant medication within a certain time. The term was first coined in 1974 by the World Psychiatric Association, who defined TRD as \"\"an absence of clinical response to treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant at a minimum dose of 150 mg per day of Imipramine (or equivalent drug) for 4 to 6 weeks\"\". Typical definitions of TRD vary, and they do not include a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6352616",
"chunk_text": "Trimipramine\nTrimipramine Trimipramine, sold under the brand name Surmontil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression. It has also been used for its sedative, anxiolytic, and weak antipsychotic effects in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, respectively. The drug is described as an atypical or \"\"second-generation\"\" TCA because, unlike other TCAs, it seems to be a fairly weak monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Similarly to other TCAs however, trimipramine does have antihistamine, antiserotonergic, antiadrenergic, antidopaminergic, and anticholinergic activities. Trimipramine's primary use in medicine is in the treatment of major depressive disorder, especially where sedation is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7862630",
"chunk_text": "Melitracen\nMelitracen Melitracen (brand names Adaptol, Dixeran, Melixeran, Thymeol, Trausabun) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) marketed in Europe and Japan by Lundbeck and Takeda, respectively, for the treatment of depression and anxiety. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as Deanxit, a combination product containing both melitracen and flupentixol. The pharmacology of melitracen has not been properly investigated and is largely unknown, but it is likely to act in a similar manner to other TCAs. Indeed, melitracen is reported to have imipramine and amitriptyline-like effects and efficacy against depression and anxiety, though with improved tolerability and a somewhat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1977465",
"chunk_text": "Dibenzepin\nDibenzepin Dibenzepin, sold under the brand name Noveril among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used widely throughout Europe for the treatment of depression. It has similar efficacy and effects relative to other TCAs like imipramine but with fewer side effects. Dibenzepin is used mainly in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Like other TCAs, dibenzepin may have potential use in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. As TCAs have a relatively narrow therapeutic index, the likelihood of overdose (both accidental and intentional) is fairly high and should be considered carefully by the prescribing physician prior to patient use. Symptoms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14751845",
"chunk_text": "\"Atypical antidepressant\"\nAtypical antidepressant An atypical antidepressant is a type of antidepressant medication which acts in an atypical manner relative to most other antidepressants. Examples of atypical antidepressants include mirtazapine, bupropion, trazodone, nefazodone, tianeptine, and agomelatine. The agents vilazodone and vortioxetine are also partially atypical. Atypical antidepressants are as opposed to typical antidepressants like the , , , and , which act mainly by increasing the levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin and/or norepinephrine. Among TCAs, trimipramine is an atypical agent in that it does not appear to do this. Esketamine (JNJ-54135419) and buprenorphine/samidorphan (ALKS-5461) are antidepressants with novel mechanisms of action",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5343636",
"chunk_text": "Antidepressant\nfound that TCAs were the most effective drug, followed by SNRIs, MAOIs, SSRIs and atypical antidepressants. The Cochrane Collaboration published a systematic review of clinical trials of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline in 2012. The study concluded that in spite of moderate evidence for publication bias, there is strong evidence that the efficacy of amitriptyline is superior to placebo. The efficacy of paroxetine (Paxil) and imipramine was observed in a 2010 meta analysis to be dependent upon the baseline severity, as measured by the HDRS. Antidepressants in patients with a score less than 23 (indicating mild to moderate depression) demonstrated a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_886
|
who won mark and goal of the year 2017?
|
n/a
|
[
"Joe Daniher"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4876219",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark of the Year\"\nTony Modra (Adelaide/Fremantle) have won the most Mark of the Year awards, with three each. The competition is run in conjunction with the Goal of the Year contest, which recognizes the best goal kicked during an AFL season. Two players have won both the \"\"Mark of the Year\"\" and \"\"Goal of the Year\"\" awards in the same season: Michael Mitchell and Peter Bosustow. Currently also known by its sponsorship name as the \"\"Weet Bix AFL Mark of the Year\"\", the competition is open to players in the AFL (Australian rules football's highest league). Winners receive an assortment of prizes, including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11360773",
"chunk_text": "\"PFA Players' Player of the Year\"\naward on 22 April 2018 for his displays throughout the 2017–18 season, representing Liverpool. The first winner of the award was Leeds United defender Norman Hunter. As of 2017, only Mark Hughes, Alan Shearer, Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale have won the award on two occasions, and only Henry and Ronaldo have won the award in consecutive seasons. Of the five, only Shearer won his awards playing for two teams. Although there is a separate PFA Young Player of the Year award for players under the age of 23, young players remain eligible to win the senior award,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2434722",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 AFL Mark of the Year\"\n2017 AFL Mark of the Year The Australian Football League celebrates the best mark of the season through the annual Mark of the Year competition. In 2017, this is officially known as the Woolworths AFL Mark of the Year Each round three marks are nominated and fans are able to vote online for their favourite. The winner was 's Joe Daniher, which surprised many fans and media personal who expected Jeremy Howe of to win the award for his screamer against in round 12. Following the shock win, Collingwood's president Eddie McGuire said that the voting system for Mark of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2434723",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 AFL Mark of the Year\"\nthe Year needs an overhaul. 2017 AFL Mark of the Year The Australian Football League celebrates the best mark of the season through the annual Mark of the Year competition. In 2017, this is officially known as the Woolworths AFL Mark of the Year Each round three marks are nominated and fans are able to vote online for their favourite. The winner was 's Joe Daniher, which surprised many fans and media personal who expected Jeremy Howe of to win the award for his screamer against in round 12. Following the shock win, Collingwood's president Eddie McGuire said that the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14283924",
"chunk_text": "\"BBC Goal of the Season\"\nhave won the award for his 66-yard effort against Chelsea; fellow pundit Danny Murphy felt former Fulham teammate Bobby Zamora should have won. The incident was labelled a \"\"shambles\"\" by Pete Smith of \"\"The Stoke Sentinel\"\" who thought that Stoke City's Adam should have won, and a \"\"concerted campaign by Arsenal fans\"\" by Alan Pattullo of \"\"The Scotsman\"\", who also believed that the Scottish midfielder was deserving of the award. Mark Brus of Caught Offside also criticized the choice stating that a goal in a meaningless game should not have won Goal of the Season and that Juan Mata's acrobatic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1700024",
"chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nThe Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 were held on 23 October 2017 in London, England. The ceremony was held at the London Palladium and was hosted by Idris Elba and Layla Anna-Lee. Cristiano Ronaldo, Lieke Martens, Gianluigi Buffon, Zinedine Zidane and Sarina Wiegman were among the award-winners. A panel of experts on men's football representing various FIFA and external football stakeholders compiled a shortlist of 24 male players for The Best FIFA Men's Player. The 24 candidates were announced on 17 August. The three finalists were announced on 22 September 2017. Cristiano Ronaldo won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14376900",
"chunk_text": "\"Goal of the Year (AFL)\"\nGoal of the Year (AFL) The Goal of the Year is a competition for the best goal kicked in the Australian Football League (AFL) during that season. It is run in conjunction with the Mark of the Year competition and is currently sponsored by Coates Hire. The winner is awarded the Phil Manassa Medal. The concept of awards for the goal and mark of the year is thought to have been initiated in 1970, as an unofficial award given by the media to Alex Jesaulenko following his famous mark in that season's grand final. The official awards were first given",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1700029",
"chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nor in relation to an official football match during November 2016 to August 2017. The award was given to the most outstanding ”fair-play” gesture/behaviour of the year (an act of fair play either on the pitch or in relation to an official football match — which could also include any amateur league). The shortlist was announced on 22 September 2017. The three finalists were announced on 9 October 2017. Olivier Giroud won the award with over 36% of the vote. The award celebrates the best fan moment of November 2016 to August 2017, regardless of championship, gender or nationality. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13906158",
"chunk_text": "\"Goal celebration\"\nhave managed to injure themselves during celebration: examples include Paulo Diogo (who severed a finger after it got caught in a fence), Thierry Henry, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Fabián Espíndola, (who celebrated a goal that was later disallowed due to offside) and Michy Batshuayi. An Indian footballer, Peter Biaksangzuala, died from a spine injury in 2014 following a failed somersault celebration. Managers (and coaching staff) have been known for their exuberant goal celebrations. Some notable celebrations include; Goal celebration In association football and ice hockey, a goal celebration is the practice of celebrating the scoring of a goal. The celebration is normally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15986804",
"chunk_text": "\"FWA Footballer of the Year\"\nFWA Footballer of the Year The Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year (often called the FWA Footballer of the Year, or in England simply the Footballer of the Year) is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the season in English football. The award has been presented since the 1947–48 season, when the inaugural winner was Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews. The latest winner of the award as of 2017–18 is Mohamed Salah of Liverpool. Eight players have won the award on more than one occasion, the most recent being Cristiano",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12035463",
"chunk_text": "\"Football Supporters' Federation\"\nthe Year is an annual award, presented at the FSF Awards ceremony in association with William Hill, given to the player who is adjudged to have had the best year in all of the divisions of Welsh and English football. The award has been presented since 2013, when the inaugural winner was Liverpool striker Luis Suárez. The latest winner of the award is Mohamed Salah of Liverpool in 2018. Winners are selected by public vote following a nominations process. The table indicates where the winning player also won one or more of the other major \"\"player of the year\"\" awards",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5156994",
"chunk_text": "\"Dmitri Sychev\"\nSychev received a degree from the Russian State University Of Physical culture. Sychev was in Danila Kozlovsky's directorial debut \"\"Coach\"\" which was released in 2018. Sychev was as Dodin, the player who scored the winning goal for his team. Dmitri Sychev Dmitri Yevgenyevich Sychev (; born 26 October 1983) is a Russian association footballer. He has been hailed by the international press as \"\"The Russian Michael Owen\"\" because of his pace and as \"\"The most sensational young Russian forward since Vladimir Beschastnykh\"\". He is well known for his blinding pace and agility. Sychev was born in Omsk, a city in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14283923",
"chunk_text": "\"BBC Goal of the Season\"\nin the studio. On 24 May 2015, the final day of the 2014–15 season, \"\"Match of the Day\"\" held an online vote at around 11 pm GMT for the Goal of the Season award. Users were able to vote via the BBC website or via Twitter. The poll was quickly skewed by Arsenal supporters, many from the Far East, resulting in Jack Wilshere winning the award for his final day strike against West Bromwich Albion, despite not being the favourite. Host Gary Lineker expressed surprise as he read out the winner, and pundit Alan Shearer suggested that Charlie Adam should",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14376901",
"chunk_text": "\"Goal of the Year (AFL)\"\nin 2001. Eddie Betts has been awarded Goal of the Year on three occasions (2006, 2015, and 2016), the most of any player, and is the only player to win the award in consecutive seasons. Each week, three of the best goals of the round (including the finals) are selected as nominees. A panel of AFL selectors choose the winning goal of the round. For the first time in 2006, the general public are able to vote for nominated marks via the AFL's website. The results of the public voting are combined with the panel's votes. Any one of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19041750",
"chunk_text": "\"Mohd Faiz Subri\"\nHe garnered nearly 60% of the online votes, while Brazilian Marlone and Venezuelan Daniuska Rodriguez came in second and third places respectively. Faiz Subri becomes the latest player to collect this award after Cristiano Ronaldo (2009), Hamit Altintop (2010), Neymar (2011), Miroslav Stoch (2012), Zlatan Ibrahimović (2013), James Rodríguez (2014) and Wendell Lira (2015). Kelantan Penang Mohd Faiz Subri Mohd Faiz bin Subri (born 8 November 1987) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or forward for Malaysia Premier League side Penang. Faiz is well-known for his free-kick goal which won him the 2016 FIFA Puskás",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4359819",
"chunk_text": "\"European Golden Shoe\"\nAlly McCoist (1991–92, 1992–93), Thierry Henry (2003–04, 2004–05), Lionel Messi (2011–12, 2012–13 and 2016–17, 2017–18), and Cristiano Ronaldo (2013–14, 2014–15) have won the award in consecutive years. Diego Forlán (Villarreal, Atlético Madrid), Luis Suárez (Liverpool, Barcelona), Mário Jardel (Porto, Sporting CP) and Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, Real Madrid) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs. European Golden Shoe The European Golden Shoe or Golden Boot is an award that is presented each season to the leading goalscorer in league matches from the top division of every European national league. The trophy is a sculpture of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13906155",
"chunk_text": "\"Goal celebration\"\nwith a quenelle. While there was controversy with the gesture being linked to anti-Semitism, Anelka was cleared of being anti-Semitic or endorsing anti-Semitism. At the 2018 World Cup in Russia, Xherdan Shaqiri and fellow Swiss goalscorer Granit Xhaka, who is also of Kosovar descent, celebrated their goals by making an eagle gesture, a symbol of ethnic Albanians, towards Serbian fans. FIFA fined Xhaka and Shaqiri 10,000 Swiss francs \"\"for unsporting behaviour contrary to the principles of fair-play”. Refusing to celebrate a goal or undertaking muted goal celebrations is not unknown and not uncommon in football. In the case of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5687007",
"chunk_text": "\"FIFA 17\"\nhe faces Gareth Walker for the second time since his departure from the club. Before the game, Hunter and Walker encounter in the tunnel. Regardless of the result, Walker and Hunter shake hands after the game and they become reconciled. Later, in Hunter's flat, Hunter discovers that he has been named to the list of likely players to be called up to the England national team. Marco Reus, Eden Hazard, James Rodríguez and Anthony Martial were announced as the official ambassadors of the game. After a global cover vote conducted by EA Sports, Reus emerged as the winner. The game",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20259539",
"chunk_text": "\"Ander Herrera\"\nagainst the same team at Old Trafford in the Premier League by shackling Eden Hazard, assisting Marcus Rashford for the first goal, then he himself got on the scoresheet by scoring the second goal which secured a 2–0 win for United which kept them in the hunt for a top-four finish and extending their unbeaten run to twenty-two matches. On 18 May 2017, Herrera was presented with the Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year award. After helping Manchester United win the 2017 UEFA Europa League Final on 24 May, Herrera was awarded the game's man of the match accolade,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5582099",
"chunk_text": "\"Harry Kane\"\nThe hat-trick, his sixth of the year in the Premier League (eighth in all competitions), also made him the first player in Premier League history to score six hat-tricks in a year. With a total of 56 goals scored in all competitions for the year, he also became Europe's top goal scorer of 2017, breaking the seven-year dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo as Europe's top goalscorer in a calendar year. In January 2018, he scored twice in the 4–0 home win against Everton, and became Tottenham's top goalscorer in the Premier League era, breaking Teddy Sheringham's record of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1700025",
"chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nthe award with over 43% of the vote. The selection criteria for the men's players of the year were: sporting performance, as well as general conduct on and off the pitch from 20 November 2016 to 2 July 2017. A panel of experts on football representing various FIFA and external football stakeholders compiled a shortlist of three goalkeepers for The Best FIFA Goalkeeper. Gianluigi Buffon won the award with over 42% of the vote. The selection criteria for the men's football coaches of the year were: the best goalkeeper, regardless of championship or nationality, for his achievements during the period",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3032325",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 EFL Cup Final\"\nby Cédric, but the goal was controversially disallowed for offside. Zlatan Ibrahimović opened the scoring in the 19th minute, with a free kick to the left of Southampton goalkeeper Fraser Forster awarded following a foul by Oriol Romeu on Ander Herrera. Despite the Saints enjoying a spell of pressure on the United goal, Jesse Lingard doubled the lead in the 38th minute with a low right foot shot to the right corner of the net from just inside the penalty area. Gabbiadini brought Southampton back into the game on the stroke of half-time, converting James Ward-Prowse's cross from the right",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14106378",
"chunk_text": "\"Harry Kane\"\ncity, including quadruple Olympic champion Mo Farah and Chelsea playmaker Eden Hazard, highlighting London's diversity. Ahead of UEFA Euro 2016, Kane featured in advertisements for Mars Bars and Beats by Dr. Dre headphones, the latter alongside Antoine Griezmann, Mario Götze and Cesc Fàbregas. Kane features in EA Sports' \"\"FIFA\"\" video game series: he was named in the Team of the Year in \"\"FIFA 18\"\", joining Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo in attack. Kane and Camila Cabello announced the winner of the \"\"Best International Male Solo Artist\"\" award at the 2018 Brit Awards at the O Arena on 21 February, namely",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8815203",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark Marshall\"\nof the Month award for January 2017, which was won by Bury striker James Vaughan. In April 2017 he was named Bradford City's Player of the Year for the 2016–17 season. Manager Stuart McCall praised Marshall's consistency and versatility, saying that \"\"he crosses and shoots equally as well with both feet\"\" and \"\"is one of the highest for assists in the league\"\". He helped the \"\"Bantams\"\" to reach the League One play-off final against Millwall at Wembley Stadium, and was described by the BBC as \"\"particularly influential\"\" in the match; he provided a goalscoring opportunity to Billy Clarke, but Clarke's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11177043",
"chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nthree nominees were announced on 22 September 2017. Celtic supporters won the award with nearly 56% of the vote. The 55–player men's shortlist was announced on 20 September 2017. The players chosen included Gianluigi Buffon as goalkeeper, Dani Alves, Leonardo Bonucci, Sergio Ramos, and Marcelo as defenders, Luka Modrić, Toni Kroos, and Andrés Iniesta as midfielders, and Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Neymar as forwards. The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 were held on 23 October 2017 in London, England. The ceremony was held at the London Palladium and was hosted by Idris Elba",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19041749",
"chunk_text": "\"Mohd Faiz Subri\"\nmedia for its '\"\"physics-defying flight\"\"'. The free kick he took was described as \"\"'a swerve so wicked that the goalkeeper... stood no chance\"\"'. The free kick goal he scored was nominated for the FIFA Puskás Award later that year by the Football Association of Malaysia. The nomination was accepted by FIFA, and Faiz subsequently made it all the way to FIFA's top 3 shortlist for the Puskás Award, beating the likes of professional stars such as Lionel Messi and Neymar. On 9 January 2017, Faiz was awarded the FIFA Puskás Award during The Best FIFA Football Awards in Zurich, Switzerland.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17676905",
"chunk_text": "\"FIFA Puskás Award\"\nFIFA Puskás Award The FIFA Puskás Award is an award established on 20 October 2009 by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), at the behest of then-president Sepp Blatter, in order to award the player, male or female, judged to have scored the most aesthetically significant, or \"\"most beautiful\"\", goal of the year. The award is in honor of Ferenc Puskás, the striker of Real Madrid at the late 1950s and the 1960s, and central member of the highly successful Hungarian side of the same era. Puskás is widely considered by many to be the most powerful and prolific",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2614096",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\n4–3 win against City won with 18% of the public vote, beating Liverpool's 4–3 win against Newcastle into second place with 15%, and Liverpool's 4–4 draw against Arsenal into third place with 14%. The award for Best Goal Celebration was given to Manchester United striker Eric Cantona, for his nonchalant celebration after he chipped the ball over the advancing Sunderland goalkeeper Lionel Pérez at Old Trafford in December 1996. Nine other celebrations were short-listed for the public vote for the Best Goal Celebration, including teams managerial staff: Cantona's celebration won with 26% of the public vote, beating LuaLua's celebration for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10434606",
"chunk_text": "\"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\nthe Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men's Player, a revival of the former FIFA World Player of the Year, largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016. In Real Madrid's 3–2 away win against Villarreal on 27 February 2017, Ronaldo overtook Hugo Sánchez as the most prolific penalty-kick scorer in La Liga history. As a result of the penalty scored by Ronaldo, Real Madrid reached its 5,900th goal in the history of the league and became the first team to do so. On 12 April, in the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12993498",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Southampton F.C. season\"\nfinal since 1979. The result made Southampton the first team to advance to the final of the tournament without conceding a single goal. In the 2017 EFL Cup Final on 26 February 2017, Southampton lost 3–2 to Manchester United to finish as runners-up. Manolo Gabbiadini scored early on in the game, but the goal was controversially disallowed for offside. Zlatan Ibrahimović opened the scoring in the 19th minute, with a free-kick awarded following a foul by Oriol Romeu on Ander Herrera. Despite the Saints enjoying a spell of pressure on the United goal, Jesse Lingard doubled the lead in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17958557",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\nPremier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16582197",
"chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2016\"\nwon the award with over 59% of the vote. The three nominees were announced on 9 December 2016. It was the first time that this award was given. Borussia Dortmund and Liverpool supporters won the award with nearly 46% of the vote. The 55–player men's shortlist was announced on 1 December 2016. The players chosen included Manuel Neuer as goalkeeper, Dani Alves, Gerard Piqué, Sergio Ramos, and Marcelo as defenders, Luka Modrić, Toni Kroos, and Andrés Iniesta as midfielders, and Lionel Messi, Luis Suárez, and Cristiano Ronaldo as forwards. 9 out of the 11 players played in La Liga. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15117107",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark (Australian rules football)\"\nways. While the Mark of the Year competition has produced many famous marks, other marks include: In the 1970 Grand Final before a record crowd, Carlton full forward, and giant of the game, Alex Jesaulenko, took one of the most inspirational marks in the history of 'the Australian game' leaping high for a specky over Collingwood's Graeme Jenkin just before half time, to help inspire a Carlton side that was behind by 44 points at the half. Sydney's Leo Barry leapt into history with his match-saving mark in the final seconds of the 2005 grand final against the West Coast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "667916",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Europa League Final\"\nin four price categories: €150, €100, €70, and €45. The remaining tickets were allocated to the local organising committee, UEFA and national associations, commercial partners and broadcasters, and to serve the corporate hospitality programme. A minute's silence was observed before the final in memory to victims of the bombing in Manchester which occurred two days before the final; the opening ceremony was thus considerably reduced. Slovenian referee Damir Skomina was announced as the final referee by UEFA on 12 May 2017. Paul Pogba opened the scoring for Manchester United in the 18th minute when his low left foot shot from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5362374",
"chunk_text": "\"Luis Suárez\"\nLuis Suárez Luis Alberto Suárez Díaz (; born 24 January 1987) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club Barcelona and the Uruguay national team. Often regarded as one of the best players in the world, Suárez has won 17 trophies in his career, including five league titles and a UEFA Champions League title at club level, and a Copa América with Uruguay. A prolific goalscorer, Suárez has won two European Golden Shoes, an Eredivisie Golden Boot, a Premier League Golden Boot, as well as ending the six-year dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20253839",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Glove\"\n10 consecutive clean sheets by reaching 14. During his streak, Van der Sar went 1,311 minutes without conceding a goal. In the process, he broke Čech's Premier League record (1,025 minutes), Steve Death's Football League record (1,103 minutes) and the all-time league record in Britain (1,155 minutes) for most consecutive scoreless minutes. Manchester United keeper David de Gea is the winner for the 2017–18 season. Premier League Golden Glove The Premier League Golden Glove is an annual association football award presented to the goalkeeper who has kept the most clean sheets (when a goalkeeper concedes no goals during a single",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17958558",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\ngoals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award, scoring 29 goals in 30 games in 2016–17 for a rate of 0.97. General Specific Premier League Golden Boot The Premier League Golden Boot is an annual association",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11370724",
"chunk_text": "\"PFA Young Player of the Year\"\nwas Ipswich Town defender Kevin Beattie. The current holder is Leroy Sané, who won the award for his performances throughout the 2017–18 campaign for Manchester City. Although the award is open to players at all levels, all winners to date have played in the highest division of the English football league system. As of 2017, only Ryan Giggs, Robbie Fowler, Wayne Rooney and Dele Alli have won the award on more than one occasion. Only five players from outside the United Kingdom have won the trophy, compared with nine winners of the main PFA Players' Player of the Year award.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8252651",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 FA Cup Final\"\nfrom six yards out with his right foot. The goal was initially flagged as offside due to Aaron Ramsey being in an offside position. After discussing with his linesman, referee Anthony Taylor overrode the decision and awarded Arsenal the goal due to Ramsey not attempting to play the ball. Sánchez also handled the ball in the lead up to the goal but this was not seen by the referee. Arsenal then hit the post twice from close range in the first half through Aaron Ramsey and Danny Welbeck. In the second half, Victor Moses received a second yellow card for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3925637",
"chunk_text": "\"2007–08 Premier League\"\nSteven Gerrard (Liverpool), Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United), Cesc Fàbregas (Arsenal), Ashley Young (Aston Villa) Attack: Emmanuel Adebayor (Arsenal), Fernando Torres (Liverpool) The PFA Young Player of the Year award was won by Cesc Fàbregas of Arsenal. The shortlist for the award was as follows: The FWA Footballer of the Year award for 2008 was won by Cristiano Ronaldo for a second successive season. The Manchester United winger saw off the challenges of Liverpool striker Fernando Torres and Portsmouth goalkeeper David James, who finished second and third respectively. Cristiano Ronaldo was named the winner of the Premier League Golden Boot award.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14283922",
"chunk_text": "\"BBC Goal of the Season\"\nTwitter poll and the BBC Sport website. Jack Wilshere is the first player to win Goal of the Season in consecutive seasons (2013–14 and 2014–15) since the start of the Premier League. The 1987-88 competition was unique in that all 10 goals shortlisted were scored by Liverpool players. As of 2015-16, this is the only occasion where the contenders were made up entirely of goals scored by players for one club. For several years in the late 2000s, the winner was not subject to public vote due to the 2007 Phone-in scandals. The winning goal was instead decided by pundits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5328505",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 EFL Cup Final\"\nfrom three yards out. After the break, Gabbiadini equalised for the Saints when he flicked the ball low into the net with his left foot, it was his fifth goal in his first three games, as the Saints continued to dominate possession and chances on goal. The Saints continued having chances to take the lead throughout the second half, as Dušan Tadić and Ward-Prowse saw efforts saved by United goalkeeper David de Gea, and Oriol Romeu hit the post with a header from a corner, but with three minutes remaining Ibrahimović scored his second with a close range header after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3439312",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark of the Year\"\nYear Winners Mark of the Year The annual Australian Football League Mark of the Year competition (currently also known as the Weet Bix AFL Mark of the Year) is a sporting award that celebrates each best mark. A mark is the action of a player cleanly catching a kicked ball that has travelled more than without the ball hitting the ground. Originally known as the \"\"VFL Mark of the Year\"\" and selected by a panel of football experts on Network Seven's \"\"World of Sport\"\" program, the contest was renamed the \"\"AFL Mark of the Year\"\" following the competition's renaming in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20154351",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Copa del Rey Final\"\nto score in four different finals after Telmo Zarra, who himself has totally scored in five. Messi was named man of the match with one goal scored, one goal assisted and another one created. Lionel Messi opened the scoring in the 30th minute when he shot left footed from just outside the penalty area to left corner of the net. It was 1-1 three minutes later when Theo Hernández scored with a long range free-kick to the left corner of the net from the right of the penalty area. Neymar put Barcelona back in front in the final minute of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4359817",
"chunk_text": "\"European Golden Shoe\"\nin the leagues ranked six to 21 are multiplied by a factor of 1.5, and goals scored in leagues ranked 22 and below are multiplied by a factor of 1. Thus, goals scored in higher ranked leagues will count for more than those scored in weaker leagues. Since this change, there has only been one winner who was not playing in one of the top five leagues (Henrik Larsson, 2000–01 Scottish Premier League). Lionel Messi in 2018 won the European Golden Shoe for the record 5th time. Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times, all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4876218",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark of the Year\"\n2001 it has been run by the AFL. It is open only to players within the AFL and applies to marks taken during official AFL season matches. Several other Australian rules football leagues followed with their own \"\"Mark of the Year\"\" competitions. A famous VFL footballer, Alex Jesaulenko, unofficially won the first award for a \"\"spectacular mark\"\" during the 1970 VFL Grand Final, a mark that has been frequently called \"\"The Mark of the Century\"\". Thirty-two players have won the competition; of those, five have won multiple times and six are still active in the AFL. Peter Knights (Hawthorn) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20350407",
"chunk_text": "\"Matty Burrows\"\nthe likes of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, with \"\"The Sun\"\" claiming that the two would be \"\"proud to score a goal like that\"\". The goal was shortlisted for the 2010 FIFA Puskás Award, which honours the player judged to have scored the \"\"most beautiful\"\" goal of the year. However, Burrows lost out at the Ballon d'Or awards ceremony on 10 January 2011 to Bayern Munich and Turkey midfielder Hamit Altıntop, for his volleyed goal in Turkey's UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying game against Kazakhstan on 3 September 2010. In January 2012, he asked to go out on loan. After no",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2600160",
"chunk_text": "Grafite\nthe Year\"\". In October 2009, FIFA announced the introduction of the FIFA Puskás Award, awarded to the player who has scored the \"\"most beautiful goal\"\" over the past year. The inaugural Puskás Award went to Cristiano Ronaldo and Grafite's effort was rated third. Grafite, however, was rewarded with the highest individual honour German football has to bestow, and was voted Footballer of the Year, and became only the third foreigner to achieve this. By ESPN Brasil he also received the \"\"Prêmio Futebol no Mundo\"\" award as the promising discovery of the 2008–09 season, as well as the top goalscorer award",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1038801",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Celtic F.C. season\"\nYear, Brendan Rodgers as the Manager of the Year. Moussa Dembélé was also named as the winner of Goal of the Season, as well as Sinclair, Tierney, Dembélé, Mikael Lustig, Stuart Armstrong and Scott Brown were named in the Premiership Team of the Year. On 19 May 2017, Scott Brown was named as the Scottish Premiership Player of the Season and Brendan Rodgers was named as the Scottish Premiership Manager of the Season. On 21 May 2017, Scottish Football Writers' Association named Scott Sinclair as the Footballer of the Year, Kieran Tierney as the Young Player of the Year and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "125277",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 FA Community Shield\"\nElneny resulted in the Chelsea attacker being shown a red card. Arsenal were awarded a free-kick and from that they scored the equaliser. Xhaka’s delivery met Kolašinac, whose header went across Courtois and into the net. No further goals meant the game was decided by a penalty shoot-out. The first three penalties were scored – Cahill for Chelsea, and Walcott and Nacho Monreal for Arsenal, before Courtois kicked his over the bar and Morata saw his go wide. Oxlade-Chamberlain converted his and Giroud scored the winning penalty to give Arsenal a 4–1 win in the shoot-out. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The result marked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_887
|
who will get ticket to finale in rising star 2?
|
n/a
|
[
"Hemant Brijwasi"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10726175",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nwill move on to compete for the \"\"Ticket To Finale\"\". The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round. The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated, making the Top 4. The Top 4 finalists compete in the first round. The Top 3 contestants proceed to the Face-off round. Rising Star India (season 2) Rising Star is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10726167",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nlive via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on Colors TV. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through Voot App. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts in the show. The show is hosted by TV Actor Ravi Dubey. The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is Hemant Brijwasi. In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, \"\"Rising Star\"\" features a cast of celebrity",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10726173",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nof the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. Wild Card Twist: Some of the eliminated contestants were brought back for another chance. Raenit Singh, Aman Biswal & Chetan Brijvasi. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. WILD CARD Top 12 The Top 10 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nby using a mobile voting app. While the viewers at home are considered the \"\"judges\"\", the expert panelists (Brad Paisley, Kesha, and Ludacris) also influence the vote. For the first six shows, a yes vote from one of the judges added 7% to the performers total. In the round of 13 it was announced that their yes vote would add 5%. In the quarterfinals the expert's yes vote was lowered to a 3% add. In the semifinals, the expert's yes vote was lowered to a 1% add. In the finale, the expert's yes vote only counts as a home judge",
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"chunk_id": "2921342",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Indian TV series)\"\nshow is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, winning Rs. 20 lakhs and the opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The second season of \"\"Rising Star\"\" was started on 20 January 2018. The expert panel remains the same, with Mahadevan, Thakur and Dosanjh. The second season is hosted by television actor Ravi Dubey. The registration of the third of Rising Star started from 16 December 2019.Audition and Casting are underway. In contrast to other singing competition TV",
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"chunk_id": "10726171",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nfirst contestant goes through. The Live auditions began on 20 January 2018 and went on till 4 February 2018. The top 31 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 10 February 2018. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals. The Top 16 contestants compete in this round. Eight teams of two perform in duets. The first team perform with the wall up and set the target percentage. The next teams perform with the wall down and attempt to beat the target score. The duo with",
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"chunk_id": "18742901",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (franchise)\"\nsecond contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant is through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first contestant is through. After the duel rounds, half the contestants perform with the wall up, after which the contestant with the lowest vote total is placed in the \"\"hot seat\"\". The subsequent contestants perform with the wall down, and they have to better the vote total of the contestant in the hot seat to raise the",
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"chunk_id": "18742903",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (franchise)\"\nnumber of contestants goes down. During the finale, contestants are paired into a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the \"\"benchmark\"\" for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant gets the higher percentage of votes, then the wall rises and the second contestant moves onto the next round of duels. However, if the second contestant's percentage is lower than the first contestant's, the wall stays down and the contestant is eliminated. In the second round, the two contestants that moved on will duel against each other with",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nthe least score move to the Red Sofa (unsafe zone). The team with the lowest score gets eliminated. Episode 11: 24 February 2018 The Top 14 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nThe panel of experts consisted of Brad Paisley, Kesha and Ludacris. June 22, 2014 June 29, 2014 July 6, 2014 July 13–27, 2014 August 3, 2014 The Experts' votes count as 5%. August 10, 2014 The Experts' votes count as 3%. August 17, 2014 The Experts' votes count as 1%. August 24, 2014 The experts voted on their phones, making theirs count as equal to a home judge's vote, as well as keeping their votes secret from the performers and the audience. The West Coast was not allowed to vote for the finals. Season Averages: 1.1 demo and 4.08 million",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nThirteen, except with a few changes to the weightage of the panelists' votes and number of contestants. In the quarterfinals, eight contestants battle for six spots (including the West Coast save), and each panelist's vote counts as 3%. In the semifinals, six contestants battle for four spots (including the West Coast save), and each panelist's vote counts as 1%. During the finale, contestants are paired into a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the benchmarks for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant gets the higher percentage",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nof votes, then the wall rises and the second contestant moves onto the next round of duels. However, if the second contestant's percentage was lower than the first contestant's, the wall stays down and the contestant was eliminated. In the second round, the two contestants that moved on will duel against each other with their second song. The same process applies for this round, except the running vote total was not revealed and both contestants sing with the wall up. The contestant with the higher vote percentage becomes the winner of Rising Star. The experts' yes vote counts as a",
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"chunk_id": "4750079",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star Indonesia\"\nto get the highest voting. By singing the \"\" Animals\"\" from Maroon 5 in the first round, \"\"Man Down\"\" from Rihanna in the second half and the victory song, \"\"Come N Love Me\"\" at the end of the round, Indah Nevertari get the highest number of votes and became the champion of the first season Rising Star Indonesia. Season 2 began airing in 12 December 2016 and this season, the competition was won by Andmesh Kamaleng after received 80 percent in the final round by singing the \"\"Making Love Out of Nothing at All\"\" from Air Supply. Rising Star Indonesia",
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"chunk_id": "10726170",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nis raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition. Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the",
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"chunk_id": "10726168",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nexperts and considers the viewers at home the judges. During each performance, the audience at home is able to decide in real time whether or not a contestant is sent through to the next round by using a mobile voting app. While the viewers at home are considered the \"\"judges\"\", the expert panelists also may influence the vote but with continuously decreasing percentage votes over the total public vote and not exceeding 5% of the total voting power. The first round where the acts are individually called to perform. As a reportage of the announced performer is shown, viewers are",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\ncontestant was through. Also, the losing contestant with the highest number of West Coast votes in each episode was given a save and was through the next round. After the duel rounds end, 13 of the contestants that survived perform. The first 7 contestants perform with the wall up, after which the contestant with the lowest vote total was placed in the hot seat. The subsequent contestants perform with the wall down, and they have to better the vote total of the contestant in the hot seat to raise the wall. If they succeed in doing so, the contestant in",
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"chunk_id": "18742902",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (franchise)\"\nwall. If they succeed in doing so, the contestant in the \"\"hot seat\"\" is eliminated, the contestant with the next lowest vote total is placed in the hot seat, and the performing contestant is provisionally qualified; otherwise, the performing contestant is eliminated if they fail to raise the wall. This continues until the remaining contestants with the lowest number of votes are eliminated. In this stage, each panelist's vote counts as 5%. The quarterfinals and semifinals follow the same format, except with a lower weightage of the panelists' votes of 3% in quarterfinals and 1% in the semifinals as the",
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"chunk_id": "18742900",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (franchise)\"\ncontestants also see random photos of voters in their favour. Faces of panelists voting \"\"yes\"\" will also be shown in much larger frames. Once the contestant reaches 70% of \"\"Yes\"\" votes, the wall is raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition. Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant to sing, chosen by a coin toss before the show, sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the",
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"chunk_id": "10726174",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\nvotes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The Top 8 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. The contestants compete to earn a direct entry to the finale week. In each episode, the contestant sitting on Golden Sofa (the contestant with the highest score)",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10726169",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 2)\"\ninvited to register for voting for that specific act. Following a countdown of three seconds, the candidate has to start performing behind a screen called \"\"The Wall\"\". With start of performance, the voting kicks in. Registered voters have the option of voting just \"\"Yes\"\" or \"\"No\"\". Non-votes are also considered \"\"No\"\" votes. If an expert votes \"\"Yes\"\", another 5% is added to the tally of the contestant. The contestants also see random photos of voters in their favour. Faces of panelists voting \"\"Yes\"\" is also be shown in larger frames. Once the contestant reaches 80% of \"\"Yes\"\" votes, the wall",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16568350",
"chunk_text": "\"The Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2)\"\nThe Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2) The second season of \"\"\"\" premiered on Fox on June 7, 2018. Fergie hosted the show, while Sean Combs, DJ Khaled and Meghan Trainor were judges. On August 2, 2018, the winner was announced as James Graham from Chelmsford, United Kingdom. Key: Key: Before the competition began, each original member of The Four performed a solo song. Note: This is the first time that all four members have been challenged this season and this is the first time on The Four that all four members have defended their seats. Similar to last season,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4750078",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star Indonesia\"\nleaves four finalists competing for the first prize. Indah Nevertari, , and Bluesmates band made it through to the grand final. This round is divided into three stages. At each stage, the finalists had to get the highest vote to beat other finalists. In the first stage, Bluesmates get the lowest voting and failed to get into the next stage. In the second half, the results of voting of the first and second appearance Ghaitsa accumulated and get the lowest number of votes which would automatically qualify for the next stage. In the final round, Indah and Hanin must compete",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2921345",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Indian TV series)\"\nvoting \"\"yes\"\" are also shown in larger frames. Once the contestant reaches 80% of \"\"yes\"\" votes, the wall is raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition. Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18054043",
"chunk_text": "\"The Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2)\"\nFor their second song, each selected pair went head-to-head. The judges picked a winner from each pair to move on to the final battle. For the final battle, the two finalists performed once more for the votes of the judges. The winner of this battle would be crowned the winner of The Four. The Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2) The second season of \"\"\"\" premiered on Fox on June 7, 2018. Fergie hosted the show, while Sean Combs, DJ Khaled and Meghan Trainor were judges. On August 2, 2018, the winner was announced as James Graham from Chelmsford, United",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nCoast and West Coast votes but did not make it through the auditions was given a slot in the duels). The first contestant to sing, chosen by a coin toss before the show, sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1678045",
"chunk_text": "\"StarStruck (season 2)\"\nbecause of the \"\"Strike Back\"\", Benj Pacia was later replaced by him and returned to the contest through a major twist wherein an Avenger \"\"(a losing contestant)\"\" will be given the chance to re-enter the contest by emerging with at least fourth-best in cumulative scores among the Survivor Six (LJ Reyes, Megan Young, Ryza Cenon, Benj Pacia, Kirby de Jesus and Mike Tan). CJ Muere emerged in the \"\"Final 4\"\", and was reinstated while Benj Pacia was eliminated. Some viewers did not like this twist for it undermined the rules and regulations of the show. Although, the fans of CJ",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "9073895",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nvote. Each performance begins with the contestant singing behind a screen (\"\"The Wall\"\"). Once the contestant reaches 70% of \"\"Yes\"\" votes, the wall was raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition. Alongside the viewers' vote, three of the panelists (excluding the host) have 7% of the vote each, which will be added should they vote \"\"Yes\"\". Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel (in the event of an odd number of contestants making it through, the contestant who had the highest number of East",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8342234",
"chunk_text": "\"Superstar K 2\"\nnext day. There is only one winner per pair and there are no cases of both members going through. However this year, the Rival Mission took a shocking turn and became messed up as some pairs had both members eliminated due to their lacking effort. Only 7 members were chosen (Kim Ji-soo (21), Park Bo-ram (17), Kang Seung-yoon (17), Kim Greem (24), Lee Bo-ram (19), Kim Eun-bi (18) and John Park (23). The judges once again held a wild card round and selected Andrew Nelson (15), Hyun Seung-hee (15), Jang Jae-in (20), Kim So-jung (22), Huh Gak (26) and Kim",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Greek TV series)\"\nwill also be shown in much larger frames. Once the contestant reaches 70% of \"\"Yes\"\" votes, the wall is raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition. Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant to sing,sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant is through to the next round while the first",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next: Fame Is at Your Doorstep\"\nthey performed. The participants highlighted in green were chosen by the public in each city to continue to the next round. The participant highlighted in blue was chosen by the public as a wildcard to continue to the next round. The first round of the semifinals were broadcast live on The CW from the Orpheum Theater in Los Angeles on September 27. Jordan Baird, Ali Brustofski, Krystle Cruz, Iliana, Ashley Kimbrae, Michael Ray were selected from their respective cities to compete. Semifinalist Michael Ray, mentored by John Rich, was already voted to perform at the final night, that same night",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nthe hot seat was eliminated, the contestant with the next lowest vote total was placed in the hot seat, and the performing contestant was provisionally qualified; otherwise, the performing contestant was eliminated if they fail to raise the wall. This continues until the six contestants with the lowest number of votes are eliminated. In addition, the eliminated contestant with the highest number of West Coast votes in each episode was given a save and was through the next round. In this stage, each panelist's vote counts as 5%. The quarterfinals and semifinals follow the same format as the Round of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "18054041",
"chunk_text": "\"The Four: Battle for Stardom (season 2)\"\nAmerica voted on which of the eliminated contestants they wanted to return to the competition by tweeting the hashtag #TheFourComeback and the hashtag of the contestant’s name. However, this season, people who challenged The Four and lost were also eligible in addition to previous members. On July 23, @TheFourOnFox (via Instagram) posted pictures which announced that Carvena Jones, Dylan Jacob, Ebon Lurks, James Graham, Jesse Kramer, Lil Bri, Stephanie Zelaya, and Whitney Reign were the top eight vote-getters, and will be returning to the competition. During the first part of competition, the comeback artists split into pairs and performed for",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Stars Philippines\"\nchoice, Top voter & best performance).The finalists will then have a mall show where the winners will be revealed. Until it was famous enough to be launched, Venus Raj and Ogie Alcasid take the role as the hosts of the show. Jaya and Papa Jack served as casual judges and Nina, and Jimmy Bondoc as guest judges. Jimmy Bondoc was an official casual judge until he left due to personal reasons. Anna Feliciano served as the show's coach. On the finale, Ms. Gwen Albarracin, the President and CEO of the Center for Pop and Ms. Wilma Galvante,the Chief Entertainment Content",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (French TV series)\"\nwith the close of voting. He was just 25 and prior to \"\"Rising Star\"\" had also auditioned twice for \"\"Nouvelle Star\"\" in 2010 and 2012. A homage was broadcast in the next show on 23 October 2014 with participants singing \"\"Prayer in C\"\" again as a tribute. In the second stage of competition, the 28 candidates through in the auditions are coupled into 14 pairs by a lottery to confront each other. The first candidate performs with \"\"the wall\"\" lifted throughout the performance. His aim is to attain the highest percentage possible. The confronting candidate has to perform \"\"behind the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 1)\"\ntelevision debut. The show is hosted by singer-actor Meiyang Chang and dancer-choreographer Raghav Juyal. Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, won Rs. 20 lakhs and also an opportunity to sing a song in an upcoming Vishesh Films movie. Maithili Thakur was declared as the first runner-up. The Live auditions began on 4 February 2017 and lasted for 8 episodes. The top 30 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 4 March 2017. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals. Episode 9: 4 March 2017",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (French TV series)\"\nthe episode, all the candidates sang a tribute to parting contestant Gaël Lopes who had died a few days earlier, just 2 days after performing on the show. The sixth episode, and the second of two duels was broadcast on 30 October 2014 at 20:55. In the duel of the champions stage, two candidates are confronted one to one. The names are decided randomly by a lottery. The weight for the panelists is reduced in this stage to 5% each. The seventh episode was broadcast on 6 November 2014 at 20:55. The final was broadcast on 13 November 2014 at",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "19362373",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (French TV series)\"\nwall\"\". To pass through to the next stage, the second contestant has to outdo the first performance in percentage points in order to \"\"raise the wall\"\". The candidate with the lower percentage is eliminated even if he/she has attained the 70% barrier. Just like in the auditions, the vote of each panelist counts for 7% of the vote. During each contestant's performance, random pictures of people voting in his favour will appear on screen. The fifth episode of the series and the first of the two duels rounds was broadcast on 23 October 2014 at 20:55. At the end of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nvote of 76%. Macy Kate holds the record of highest vote with 93% and she came in 9th place. Daniel & Olivia hold the record of lowest vote with 6% and they came in last place. \"\"Rising Star\"\" was cancelled after the season. In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, \"\"Rising Star\"\" features a cast of celebrity experts and considers the viewers at home the judges. During each performance, the audience at home was able to decide in real time whether or not a contestant was sent through to the next round",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "8342233",
"chunk_text": "\"Superstar K 2\"\nThey chose Kang Seung-yoon (17), Kim Greem (24), Kim He Min (24), Kim Yon-jin (25), Moon Son Young (26), Woo Eun-mi (19), John Park (23) and Hyun Seung-hee (15) to get on cars. In the end, John Park, Hyun Seung-hee, Kang Seung-yoon and Kim Greem successfully passed the round and joined the rest of the Top 24. The other four were taken to Seoul Station. The Rival Mission consists of two rivals per pair. The pairs are organised by two people having the similar vocal skills. Like the group mission, the rivals are given an overnight practice and perform the",
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Indian TV series)\"\nis eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first contestant goes through. On 16 October 2016, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that Viacom18 had signed a licensing deal with Keshet International for the format rights to \"\"Rising Star\"\". The show began airing on Colors TV from 4 February 2017. Rising Star (Indian TV series) Rising Star is an Indian version of the international franchise series \"\"Rising Star\"\", a reality television singing competition. The program format lets viewers vote for contestants live via the television channel's mobile app. This is the first reality television",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next Star\"\nmeningitis and pneumonia in her right lung and therefore couldn't continue in the competition (she had been chosen to carry on as one of the top six). Amanda Rowland was selected as a replacement. Each of the six finalists also got to record a single, available on iTunes or on the show's season one compilation EP. The first three episodes consisted of auditions and narrowing the top 12 down to 6 finalists. The second season of \"\"The Next Star!\"\" premiered on July 17, 2009. Suzie McNeil, Steve Cranwell and Christopher Ward all returned as judges, and Adamo Ruggiero returned as",
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"page_id": 40
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1421208",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Israeli TV series)\"\nopportunity to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest. 2014–2015 winner Nadav Guedj represented Israel in 2015 with \"\"Golden Boy\"\" 2015–2016 winner Hovi Star represented Israel in 2016 with \"\"Made of Stars\"\", 2016–2017 winner Imri Ziv represented Israel in 2017 with \"\"I Feel Alive\"\", and 2017–2018 winner Netta Barzilai who went on to win the 2018 contest with \"\"Toy\"\". As the season begins, each contestant is asked to perform a well-known song in front of judges. After the song, a vote is taken among judges whether to transfer the applicant to the test stage facing the audience at home. If",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7864047",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Star\"\nTwitter though nothing was said about it. \"\"The Next Star – SuperGroup\"\" appears to be similar to \"\"The Next Star\"\" but \"\"The Next Star – SuperGroup\"\" is not about solo singers, it is about groups of singers performing. There will be new judges and coaches. Not much is known about it. There will be contestants from other seasons on the show including: Parker Schmidt, Shania Fillmore, Isabelle Stern, Amer Dhaliwal, Mimoza Duot, Gary Gordon, Dane Bjornson, Olenka Bak, Bradley Martinez, and Ryan Hawken. The very first episode premiered March 11, 2014. The season one finale premiered April 13, 2014. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1173718",
"chunk_text": "\"The Four: Battle for Stardom\"\nand Zhavia. The second season of \"\"The Four\"\" premiered on June 7, 2018, and concluded on August 2, 2018. The first members of \"\"The Four\"\" were announced on May 9, 2018. They included Carvena Jones, James Graham, Sharaya J, and Stephanie Zelaya. Following eight episodes, James Graham was announced as the winner of the season, with Sharaya J as the runner-up. Leah Jenea and Whitney Reign were finalists. Runner-up Sharaya J remained undefeated throughout the entirety of the season. The first season of \"\"The Four\"\" was Fox's most watched and highest-rated new unscripted series in nearly four years. The Four:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15364474",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Greek TV series)\"\ncontestant is eliminated.If the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first contestant is through.The panelist of judges is 5%. Τhe rival teams in the duels are joined and the contestants of the two teams,are paired in a duet.The competition system is similar to with the duels.In the end of the live,the judges select four contestants to participate in the \"\"Hot Seat\"\" rounds.At this stage,do not vote the judges and vote only the world. In the first live of round \"\"Hot Seat\"\",the οpponents of the contestants is their groups identical.The first contestant sings",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19362051",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (franchise)\"\nday. As a reportage of the randomly announced performer is shown, viewers are invited to register for voting for that specific act. As the candidate makes to the stage, the host has a very brief conversation with him/her. With a countdown of three seconds, the candidate has to start performing behind a screen called \"\"The Wall\"\". With start of performance, the voting kicks in. Registered voters have the option of voting just \"\"yes\"\" or \"\"no\"\". Non-votes are also considered \"\"no\"\" votes. If a panelist (excluding the host) votes \"\"yes\"\", another 7% is added to the tally of the contestant. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20941047",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star Indonesia (season 2)\"\nRising Star Indonesia (season 2) The second season of Rising Star Indonesia an Indonesian reality singing television competition aired on RCTI. Judika, , Ariel \"\"\"\"Noah\"\"\"\" and Rossa are appointed as the experts. Boy William, Nirina Zubir and are appointed as hosts. The winner of which receives a 1 billion rupiahs recording contract with Warner Music Indonesia. The second season aired on 12 December 2016 and is produced by RCTI in-house production and led by Fabian Dharmawan. This season, the competition was won by Andmesh Kamaleng after received 80 percent in the final round. The open call auditions were held in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14624624",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (U.S. TV series)\"\nhome vote as they vote with their phones; their choices are not revealed to both the performers and the audience. The West Coast cannot vote during the finale. Due to the effects of time zones on North American broadcasting, the show aired at 9 p.m Eastern, 8 p.m. Central, and 7 p.m. Mountain Time Zones. To accommodate the Mountain Time Zone (which usually does not carry any live programming with the Eastern and Central time zones and airs it on an hour delay), ABC rotated the usual 7 p.m. MT program, Wipeout to air at 8 p.m. MT instead out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14385984",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star India (season 1)\"\nSaleem, Neha Bhasin, Akriti Kakar & Jubin Nautiyal. Finalist Maithili Thakur gave a guest performance along with Jubin Nautiyal and sang the song Bawra Mann. Takkar The two bottom scorers of the episode participate in a face-off round. In this round, the collective judges score of 21% will be given to only one contestant who, according to them, performed better. Episode 24: 23 April 2017 The top 3 finalists Maithili Thakur, Bannet Dosanjh and Ankita Kundu compete in the first round. Each expert has 1% vote each as opposed to 7%. The top 2 contestants proeed to the Face-off round.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3750171",
"chunk_text": "\"Rising Star (Israeli TV series)\"\nsingers then move on to a section where the judges and the audience at home vote. At the final stage, four singers are left and one will be elected \"\"The Next Star\"\". This season host is Assi Azar and the co-host is Esti Ginzburg. The judges are Rita, Zvika Hadar, Muki and Rani Rahav. Eyal Golan judged the program until his suspension on November 20, 2013, and after four days was replaced by Muki. In order: The winner of season two would represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. In order: This season was named \"\"The Next Star to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_888
|
when's the last time philly won the superbowl?
|
n/a
|
[
"2017"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5816571",
"chunk_text": "Philadelphia\nPlace became the first building to surpass the height of the William Penn statue on top of City Hall's tower in 1987. After ten years passed without another championship, the Eagles won their first Super Bowl in 2018. In 2004, ESPN placed Philadelphia second on its list of The Fifteen Most Tortured Sports Cities. Fans of the Eagles and Phillies were singled out as the worst fans in the country by \"\"GQ\"\" magazine in 2011, which used the subtitle of \"\"Meanest Fans in America\"\" to summarize incidents of drunken behavior and a history of booing. Major professional sports teams that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11598890",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\n2004 and 2018), and won in 2018. The franchise frequently finished at the bottom of the standings in the 1930s, but improved in the 1940s, and became the only NFL team to win back to back championships by shutout (in 1948 and 1949). Though the franchise was average for much of the 1950s, the 1960 championship-winning Eagles were the only team to defeat the Vince Lombardi-coached Packers in a playoff game. The Eagles did not experience much success in the 1960s and early 1970s, but the franchise made four straight playoff appearances starting in 1978, including a Super Bowl appearance",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494373",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nRedskins during the 2017 season for the first time since the 2013 season. The Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers are both located in Pennsylvania and began play in 1933. From that season, through 1966, this was a major rivalry for both teams as both were part of the same division. In 1967, they were placed in separate divisions but remained in the same conference for three years. In 1970, the Steelers (along with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts) moved to the American Football Conference while the Eagles stayed with the rest of the old-line NFL teams in the National Football",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8780917",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nin 1980. After another down period, the franchise made the playoffs in six of nine seasons between 1988 and 1996. Andy Reid was hired as head coach in 1999, and across fourteen seasons he led the franchise to nine playoff appearances and a run to the 2004 Super Bowl. After Chip Kelly's three-year tenure as head coach, the Eagles hired Doug Pederson, a former offensive coordinator under Reid. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. In 1994, defensive end Reggie White, running back Steve Van Buren, and two-way players Chuck Bednarik and Pete Pihos were named",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9773234",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSeahawks, 28–24, ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, 34-28, two years later. The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams (5 by the Patriots, 3 by the Red Sox, and one each by the Celtics and Bruins) since 2002. With the Eagles’ loss, the city of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philly-based pro sports team since the 1983 Sixers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494404",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nstarring Danny DeVito makes several references to the Philadelphia Eagles, most notably Season 3, Episode 2 – \"\"The Gang Gets Invincible,\"\" the title being a reference to the Wahlberg film. Philadelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2212262",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia City Hall\"\nwere in contention for a championship: a Phillies cap in 1993 and a Flyers jersey in 1997—both teams lost. The supposed curse ended 22 years later when the Phillies won the 2008 World Series, a year and four months after a Penn statuette had been affixed to the final beam of the Comcast Center during its topping out ceremony in June 2007. Another Penn statuette was placed on the topmost beam of the Comcast Technology Center in November 2017, and the Eagles won the Super Bowl a few months later. City Hall is a masonry structure with load-bearing walls up",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17185999",
"chunk_text": "\"Vince Lombardi Trophy\"\n(1976, 1980, 1983), the Washington Redskins (1982, 1987, 1991) and the Denver Broncos (1997, 1998, 2015) are tied for seventh with three each. Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls, two of them have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one twice in three years: The Dallas Cowboys (1992, 1993, 1995) and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004) and (2014, 2016). The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979). The trophy has been presented on a stage constructed on the field since Super Bowl XXX in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9679297",
"chunk_text": "\"Dallas Cowboys\"\non December 11, 1988. In the 2010s, the Redskins have struggled to consistently compete for the Division title, but still play the Cowboys particularly tough, posting an impressive upset victory against Dallas in 2014, despite being outclassed by the Cowboys in the overall standings. The competition with Philadelphia has been particularly intense since the late 1970s, when the long-moribund Eagles returned to contention. In January 1981, the two teams faced off in the NFC Championship, with Philadelphia winning 20–7. A series of other factors heightened tensions during the 1980s and 1990s, including several provocative actions by Philadelphia fans and Eagles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14841207",
"chunk_text": "\"Curse of Billy Penn\"\nplaced a new William Penn figurine atop the building's highest beam in hopes to ward off the curse. On February 4, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl in team history, and first championship since the 1960 NFL Championship. Curse of Billy Penn The Curse of Billy Penn was a curse used to explain the failure of major professional sports teams based in Philadelphia to win championships since the March 1987 construction of the One Liberty Place skyscraper, which exceeded the height of William Penn's statue atop",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494322",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nPhiladelphia Eagles The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. They are Super Bowl champions, having won Super Bowl LII; their first Super Bowl in franchise history, and their fourth NFL title overall, after winning the Championship Game in 1948, 1949, and 1960. The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets, when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3720868",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Pennsylvania\"\nSports in Pennsylvania Sports in Pennsylvania includes numerous professional sporting teams, events, and venues located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Between 1979 and 1980, the Pirates, Phillies, Steelers, Eagles, Sixers, and Flyers all made it to the end of the postseason, with the Steelers, Pirates, and Phillies being victorious. . Until recently, when the Philadelphia Eagles won the super bowl 2018. Pennsylvania is home to eight teams from the five major American professional sports leagues. Football is the most popular sport in Pennsylvania, especially in the Lehigh Valley, Northeastern Pennsylvania, Central Pennsylvania, and Western Pennsylvania. Western Pennsylvania in particular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3719963",
"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nYuengling later retracted their file for the trademark. At the NFL Owners Meetings in Orlando, Doug Pederson said that the play is being unofficially retired for at least the next season due to other teams' awareness of the play. On June 14, 2018, the Eagles received their Super Bowl rings. The bezel of the ring contained 127 diamonds, which is the total from the numbers of the jerseys of the three players who handled the ball after the snap on the Philly Special—Corey Clement (30), Trey Burton (88) and Nick Foles (9). In September 2018, a statue commemorating the Philly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17831318",
"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nthe game that the Browns went on to win, ending a 19-game winless streak. Bud Light placed \"\"victory fridges\"\" in several Cleveland-area taverns that unlocked upon the Browns winning. Philly Special The Philly Special (also known as Philly Philly) was an American football trick play between Philadelphia Eagles players Corey Clement, Trey Burton and Nick Foles on fourth-down-and-goal toward the end of the second quarter of Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. On the play, quarterback Foles moved up to behind his offensive line and the ball was directly snapped to running back Clement. Clement went on to pitch",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2483779",
"chunk_text": "\"Doug Pederson\"\nleague MVP, tore his ACL in Week 14, leaving backup [[Nick Foles]] with the starting job for the remainder of the year. Despite becoming major playoff underdogs due to the loss of Wentz, Foles filled in admirably as the starter, allowing Philadelphia to make it to [[Super Bowl LII]], their first Super Bowl appearance since the 2004 season. Eventual Super Bowl MVP Foles led the team in a 41-33 win over the [[New England Patriots]], giving them their first Lombardi Trophy in franchise history and their first league championship since 1960. On May 3, 2018, it was reported the Philadelphia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12693612",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n2016 home opener against the Cleveland Browns, and the 2017 home opener against the Giants. In the 2010 season against the Green Bay Packers, on September 12, 2010, the Eagles wore uniforms similar to the ones that were worn by the 1960 championship team in honor the 50th anniversary of that team. In weeks 4 and 6 of the 2010 season, the Eagles wore their white jerseys in a match-up against the Washington Redskins and Atlanta Falcons respectively before reverting to their midnight green jerseys for the rest of their home games. For the 2011 season, the Eagles did not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5817669",
"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nlevels of the sport for confirming proper alignment before a play. The Eagles went on to win Super Bowl LII, 41–33. It was the team's first NFL championship since 1960, and first ever Super Bowl win. After the game, coach Doug Pederson told reporters \"\"We call [the play] the Philly special...\"\" Pederson also noted that the play came from “...[looking] at different plays around the league and the collegiate ranks, and things that over the years that might fit what we do. We found this one that fit, and we’ve been working on it for the last couple of weeks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16032894",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7598366",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nto overcome numerous injuries, particularly to its defense, to reach the NFC Championship for the third year in a row, only to suffer a heartbreaking 14-3 loss against the Carolina Panthers. On January 23, 2005, the Eagles reached a fourth consecutive conference championship game (the first time this happened in the salary cap era of the NFL). At long last, the Eagles justified the hopes of their long-suffering fan base, defeating Michael Vick's much-hyped Atlanta Falcons, 27-10, sending them to their first Super Bowl in 24 years. The victory sent the city of Philadelphia into wild celebrations. With two Super",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14190442",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nPhiladelphia baseball club, the history of baseball in Philadelphia extends to even before the Athletics, as Philadelphians were playing town ball by the 1820s. The Philadelphia Eagles, founded in 1933, are members of the East Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League. They have operated continuously since then, with the partial exception of the 1943 season, when the Eagles temporarily merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers to become the Steagles. The Eagles have won three NFL titles (1948, 1949, 1960), four conference championships, and thirteen division championships. They have made three Super Bowl appearances (in 1980,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8607334",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Philadelphia Eagles\"\nfirst time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12693608",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nhowever, re-appeared for the 2008 Thanksgiving night game against the Arizona Cardinals. The black jerseys were most recently used in a December 21, 2016 game against the New York Giants, in which they won 24-19. From 2006 to 2013, the Eagles have only worn the alternate black jerseys once a season and for the last November home game, but did not use them in 2007, 2010, and 2011. For the 2007 and 2010 seasons, the Eagles used throwback uniforms in place of the black alternates for their anniversary to commemorate past teams. The team also started wearing black shoes exclusively",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11598177",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\n2010 Stanley Cup Finals made the city of Philadelphia the first North American city to have all four of its major professional sports league teams play in the league championship finals at least once since 2000, although the Phillies and the Eagles are the only teams to have won a championship since 2000. Philadelphia has had an odd trend of losing championship games during presidential inauguration years; the Sixers, Eagles, Phillies, and Flyers collectively have an 0-8 record in such games since 1977. In 2011, the Phillies became the first team in the city's major professional sports history to finish",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8780946",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nan Arena Football League franchise founded in 2004. The team plays in the Wells Fargo Center. The Philadelphia Soul won ArenaBowl XXII in 2008 before the league formally disbanded in 2009. The Soul returned in 2010 after the Arena Football League restarted its operations as a new entity. The Soul have won four conference championships and four division championships. The Philadelphia Soul won back-to-back championships in 2017 (Arena Bowl XXIX) and 2018 (Arena Bowl XXX), making it a total of three Arena Bowl (League) Championships. Philadelphia hosts some women's football teams as well. The city's first women's tackle football team",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4320756",
"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nPhilly Special The Philly Special (also known as Philly Philly) was an American football trick play between Philadelphia Eagles players Corey Clement, Trey Burton and Nick Foles on fourth-down-and-goal toward the end of the second quarter of Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. On the play, quarterback Foles moved up to behind his offensive line and the ball was directly snapped to running back Clement. Clement went on to pitch the ball to Burton, who passed the ball to a wide open Foles to score a touchdown; Foles thereby became the first player in Super Bowl history to both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9773209",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\ntime in January, the Eagles were also trying to end a losing streak—teams in the city of Philadelphia had lost six straight championships during presidential inauguration years, beginning with the 76ers loss in . The streak included the Eagles in Super Bowl XV in 1981. 1989 was not included in that streak, but 1977, 1981, 1985 (Flyers), 1993 (Phillies), 1997 (Flyers), and 2001 (76ers) were. The game was televised in the United States by Fox, with play-by-play announcer Joe Buck and color commentators Cris Collinsworth and Troy Aikman. Pam Oliver (Patriots sideline) and Chris Myers (Eagles sideline) served as sideline",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8649173",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lombardi Curse\"\nthat the franchise is cursed by Vince Lombardi; that beating Lombardi meant never winning the trophy named after him. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41 to 33 in Super Bowl LII at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 4, 2018, ending the alleged curse. In 1958, the Philadelphia Eagles offered and nearly hired Vince Lombardi to be their head coach after having served as the offensive coordinator for the New York Giants, but after some discussion he refused it in the end. The Eagles were reportedly not happy with his decision. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494374",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nConference. As a result, the Eagles and Steelers no longer played each other every year; instead, they are scheduled to meet once every four years in the regular season, the most recent meeting being in 2016 at Lincoln Financial Field, with the Eagles winning 34–3. The Steelers have lost nine straight games on the road against the Eagles dating back to 1966, which was also the start of the Super Bowl era. The Eagles lead the all-time series 47–28–3. For several decades, the Eagles' colors were kelly green, silver, and white. In 1954, the Eagles, along with the Baltimore Colts,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13651801",
"chunk_text": "\"Philly Special\"\nSpecial, showing the moment of discussion between Nick Foles and Doug Pederson, was unveiled at Lincoln Financial Field. On September 6, 2018, during the first game of the 2018 season, the Eagles ran a similar trick play against the Atlanta Falcons successfully, gaining a first down. Despite the Philly Special being occasionally called \"\"Philly Philly\"\" due to the conversation Foles and Pederson had regarding calling that play, Pederson indicated the play in the Falcons-Eagles game is called \"\"Philly Philly.\"\" It is notable that in Super Bowl LII, the Patriots ran a play that was essentially identical, albeit not successful, to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17192626",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars\"\nallowing the Panthers to carry a 17–3 lead into the fourth quarter. Sources The Stars remained in Philadelphia for the 1984 season but were forced to relocate their post-season home games to Franklin Field due to a conflict with the Philadelphia Phillies. The Stars roared through the regular season with the league best record, and routed George Allen's Arizona Wranglers, 23–3 for the league title in Florida at Tampa Stadium on July 15. It was the last traditional professional football championship for the city of Philadelphia until the Eagles' Super Bowl LII victory at the end of the 2017 season,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9773187",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nSuper Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8767199",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\ntheir dark-colored uniform in more recent years are the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV and the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII, with teams in white winning 12 of the last 14 Super Bowls. The 49ers, as part of the league's 75th Anniversary celebration, used their 1955 throwback uniform in Super Bowl XXIX, which for that year was their regular home jersey. No team has yet worn a third jersey or Color Rush uniform for the Super Bowl. Fifteen different regions have hosted Super Bowls. A total of 26",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494372",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nbases, with incidents such as the 1989 Bounty Bowl. The rivalry has even spilled over into Draft Weekend, with Cowboys legend Drew Pearson and Eagles legend David Akers exchanging insults at the opposing franchise in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Not as big as the rivalries between the Giants and Cowboys, that with division rivals Washington Redskins is still fierce. It started in 1934 when the Washington Redskins were first known as the Boston Redskins; the Redskins defeated the Eagles 6–0, and lead the all-time series 85–76–6. The rivalry has been very even since 2010 overall. However, the Eagles swept the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10985677",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia 76ers\"\n2016-2017 Golden State Warriors, who won the title with a 16-1 playoff record. The Philadelphia-based group Pieces Of A Dream had a minor hit in 1983 with the R&B song \"\"Fo-Fi-Fo\"\", which title was prompted by Malone's quip. This also marked the last championship in Philadelphia until the Phillies won the 2008 World Series. After a disappointing 1983–84 season, which ended with a five-game loss to the upstart New Jersey Nets in the first round of the playoffs, Charles Barkley arrived in Philadelphia for the 1984–85 season. For the next eight seasons, Barkley brought delight to the Philadelphia fans thanks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4211065",
"chunk_text": "\"Multiple major sports championship seasons\"\nTherefore, Pittsburgh was in fact the most recent city to win multiple championships in the same season. On the other hand, Super Bowl III, won by the New York Jets of the AFL on January 12, 1969, is counted towards the 1968 season, disqualifying consideration of 3 titles in New York City in 1969. All four of Philadelphia's major professional sports teams played in the championship game or series, in their respective sports, following the 1980 season: The 1980 Philadelphia Phillies won the World Series, while the 1980 Philadelphia Eagles lost Super Bowl XV, the 1979-80 Philadelphia 76ers lost the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15632263",
"chunk_text": "\"Merrill Reese\"\n(1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the \"\"Philly Special\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14975104",
"chunk_text": "\"NFC East\"\nEast receives a high amount of coverage from national sports media outlets. In the early 1990s the division claimed four consecutive Super Bowl champions, all 4 against the Buffalo Bills, with the Giants and Redskins respectively winning back-to-back in Super Bowls XXV and XXVI; and the Cowboys winning twice after in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII. Those same three teams won seven out of ten Super Bowls, from 1986-87 to 1995-96 (the 49ers won the other three during that span). The Philadelphia Eagles are the only NFC East team to actually play in the city of the team's naming, Philadelphia.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494370",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\ngoal by Jake Elliott to make the final score 41–33. The franchise won their first Super Bowl ever and their first championship since 1960. Foles won Super Bowl MVP going 28 out of 43 with 373 passing yards, three touchdowns, and an interception. Foles became the first backup quarterback to start and win a Super Bowl since his opponent Tom Brady won as the backup for Drew Bledsoe in 2002's Super Bowl XXXVI. One of the NFL's oldest, this rivalry began on October 15, 1933 when the Giants defeated the newly founded Eagles 56–0. The all-time series is tied at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13421028",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nmet the Boston Bruins seven times in the NHL playoffs, including a stretch where they met four out of five years. The Philadelphia Phillies and the Boston Red Sox are interleague rivals, and the two franchises met in the 1915 World Series. The Eagles and the New England Patriots rarely play, but the teams met in both the 2005 Super Bowl and the 2018 Super Bowl. The Union and the New England Revolution both play in the MLS's Eastern Conference. Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. have teams in the same division in the NFL, NHL, MLB, and MLS. The Eagles and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2568707",
"chunk_text": "\"Duce Staley\"\nwas promoted to special teams quality control coach. After the departure of Andy Reid, Staley remained on the new staff with Chip Kelly and was promoted to the team's running backs coach. Kelly was fired as the team's head coach in December 2015 and Staley was interviewed for the vacant head coaching job in January 2016. Staley was retained as the team's running backs coach by new head coach Doug Pederson on January 20, 2016. On February 4, 2018, Staley won his first Super Bowl as a coach, and second overall, as the Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 in Super",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10494324",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\none of the fiercest and most well-known rivalries in the American football community. They also have a bitter rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys, which has become more high-profile since the 1960s, as well as a historic rivalry with the Washington Redskins. Their rivalry with the Pittsburgh Steelers is another bitter rivalry, roughly dating back to 1933, that mostly arises from the two teams' statuses as being from opposite ends of the same state. The team consistently ranks among the best in the league in attendance and has sold out every game since the 1999 season. In a \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" poll",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14189713",
"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Philadelphia\"\nis one of just three cities in which one team from every league plays within city limits. These major sports teams are the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball, the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League, the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association and the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League. Each team has played in Philadelphia since at least the 1960s, and each team has won at least one championship. Since 2010, the Greater Philadelphia area has been the home of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer, making the Philadelphia market one of nine cities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12693599",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\n86–86–2. Three of the best known comebacks against the Giants are labeled as \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands – Herm Edwards\"\", \"\"Miracle In The Meadowlands II – Brian Westbrook\"\" and \"\"Miracle In The New Meadowlands – DeSean Jackson\"\". The Cowboys have been one of the Eagles' biggest rivals. The Eagles won the first game in this rivalry 27–25 on September 30, 1960. Dallas leads the all-time series 63–51–0. They have been close in recent years, with Dallas winning 12 games from 2006 to the present while the Eagles have also won 12. There is much hostility between the two teams' fan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10636395",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season, and the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city. New England finished the regular season with an AFC-best 13–3 record, then extended their record Super Bowl appearances to ten, their third in four years, and their eighth under the leadership of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady. Philadelphia also finished the regular season with an NFC-best 13–3 record but entered the playoffs as underdogs after starting quarterback Carson Wentz suffered a season-ending injury late in the regular season and was replaced by backup quarterback Nick Foles. Still,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17477218",
"chunk_text": "\"Vince Lombardi Trophy\"\nfor the 2015 NFL season. The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played. The Pittsburgh Steelers (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies. The Dallas Cowboys (1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995), the San Francisco 49ers (1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994), and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016) are tied for second with 5 each. The Green Bay Packers (1966, 1967, 1996, 2010) and the New York Giants (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011) are tied for fifth with four each. The Oakland Raiders",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9773208",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\nthe Patriots became the 8th team to make it to the Super Bowl for the 5th time. They joined the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Pittsburgh Steelers, San Francisco 49ers, Miami Dolphins, Washington Redskins, and Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders. They would be joined by the Green Bay Packers in 2011 and the New York Giants in 2012. The Eagles were trying to win their first NFL title since 1960 and the first championship for the city of Philadelphia since Moses Malone's \"\"fo', fi', fo'\"\" during the 76ers run to the NBA Championship. With President George W. Bush being inaugurated for a second",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15454257",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Foles\"\navoid injury in the regular season finale, a 6–0 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. On January 13, 2018, the Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10, in the NFC Divisional playoff game, with Foles completing 23 of 30 passes for 246 yards. This was the Eagles' first playoff victory in nine seasons. On January 21, 2018, the Eagles defeated the Minnesota Vikings, 38–7, in the NFC Championship Game, with Foles going 26 of 33 for 352 yards and 3 touchdowns. The Vikings were 3-point favorites with the league's top-ranked defense entering the game. In Super Bowl LII, Foles caught a touchdown",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12693624",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\ncity. The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles. The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets. Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005 season, the Eagles ranked second in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12693621",
"chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia Eagles\"\nagainst each of the Minnesota Vikings, Denver Broncos, and Oakland Raiders, and losing against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers. The Eagles previously held their preseason training camp from the end of July through mid-August each year at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley. With the addition of head coach Chip Kelly, the Eagles in 2013, moved their training camp to the NovaCare Complex in Philadelphia. Training camps were previously held at Chestnut Hill Academy in 1935, Saint Joseph's University in 1939 and 1943, Saranac Lake from 1946 to 1948, Hershey from 1951 to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11376203",
"chunk_text": "\"National Football League\"\nthe Green Bay Packers with thirteen (nine NFL titles before the Super Bowl era, and four Super Bowl championships afterwards); the team with the most Super Bowl championships is the Pittsburgh Steelers with six. The current NFL champions are the Philadelphia Eagles, who defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII, their first Super Bowl championship after winning three NFL titles before the Super Bowl era. On August 20, 1920, a meeting was held by representatives of the Akron Pros, Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians, and Dayton Triangles at the Jordan and Hupmobile auto showroom in Canton, Ohio. This meeting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_889
|
where does the term pop music come from?
|
n/a
|
[
"Britain"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336229",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nPop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms \"\"popular music\"\" and \"\"pop music\"\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. \"\"Pop\"\" and \"\"rock\"\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15301672",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nbeen as successful. Pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms \"\"popular music\"\" and \"\"pop music\"\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. \"\"Pop\"\" and \"\"rock\"\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336232",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nmusic since industrialization in the 1800s that is most in line with the tastes and interests of the urban middle class.\"\" The term \"\"pop song\"\" was first used in 1926, in the sense of a piece of music \"\"having popular appeal\"\". Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues, and hillbilly music. According to the website of \"\"The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\"\", called Grove Music Online, the term \"\"pop music\"\" \"\"originated in Britain in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9343660",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nstill does) with that of 'rock and roll'\"\". From about 1967, the term “pop music” was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, a division that gave generic significance to both terms. While rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of popular music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral, and accessible. According to British musicologist Simon Frith, pop music is produced \"\"as a matter of enterprise not art\"\", and is \"\"designed to appeal to everyone\"\" but \"\"doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste\"\". Frith adds that it is \"\"not driven by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10172433",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop rock\"\nPop rock Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is rock music with a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude. Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll, early pop rock was influenced by the beat, arrangements, and style of rock and roll (and sometimes doo-wop). It may be viewed as a distinct genre field, rather than music that overlaps with pop and rock. The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than rock music. Much pop and rock music has been very similar",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336231",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nit is not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. As a genre, Pop music is seen to exist and develop separately. Therefore, the term \"\"pop music\"\" may be used to describe a distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as \"\"instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers\"\" in contrast to rock music as \"\"album-based music for adults\"\". Pop music continuously evolves along with the term's definition. According to \"\"The New Grove Dictionary Of Music and Musicians\"\", popular music is defined as \"\"the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336230",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nfrom other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as \"\"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics\"\". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is \"\"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\"\". Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336233",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nthe mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced\"\". \"\"The Oxford Dictionary of Music\"\" states that while pop's \"\"earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience [...] since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus[ic], usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc.\"\" \"\"Grove Music Online\"\" also states that \"\"[...] in the early 1960s, [the term] 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music [in England], while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336238",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\ngenres of popular music. Early pop music drew on the sentimental ballad for its form, gained its use of vocal harmonies from gospel and soul music, instrumentation from jazz and rock music, orchestration from classical music, tempo from dance music, backing from electronic music, rhythmic elements from hip-hop music, and spoken passages from rap. In the 1960s, the majority of mainstream pop music fell in two categories: guitar, drum and bass groups or singers backed by a traditional orchestra. Since early in the decade, it was common for pop producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with musical form, orchestration,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19106770",
"chunk_text": "\"New Pop\"\nNew Pop New Pop was a loosely defined British-centric pop music movement consisting of ambitious, DIY-minded artists who achieved commercial success in the early 1980s through sources such as MTV. Rooted in the post-punk movement of the late 1970s, the movement spanned a wide variety of styles and artists, including acts such as Orange Juice, the Human League and ABC. The term \"\"rockist\"\", a pejorative against people who shunned this type of music, coincided and was associated with New Pop. \"\"New Music\"\" is a roughly equivalent but slightly more expansive umbrella term for a pop music and cultural phenomenon in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7880697",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop rock\"\nof the 1970s were called \"\"pop rock\"\". Moore-Gilbert claims that this approach unfairly puts rock at the apex, and makes every other influence become an add-on to the central core of rock. Other guitar-based pop genres Pop rock Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is rock music with a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude. Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll, early pop rock was influenced by the beat, arrangements, and style of rock and roll (and sometimes doo-wop). It may be viewed as a distinct genre field,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9343665",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nunnatural reverb, and other sound effects. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spector's Wall of Sound and Joe Meek's use of homemade electronic sound effects for acts like the Tornados. At the same time, pop music on radio and in both American and British film moved away from refined Tin Pan Alley to more eccentric songwriting and incorporated reverb-drenched rock guitar, symphonic strings, and horns played by groups of properly arranged and rehearsed studio musicians. During the mid-1960s, pop music made repeated forays into new sounds, styles, and techniques that inspired public discourse among its listeners. The word",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15431406",
"chunk_text": "K-pop\nK-pop K-pop (abbreviation of Korean pop; ) is a genre of music characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. While the modern form of K-pop can be traced back to the early 90s, the term itself has been popularized since the 2000s, replacing the term \"\"Gayo\"\" (가요), which also refers to domestic pop music in South Korea. Although it generally indicates \"\"popular music\"\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop that is influenced by styles and genres from around the world, such as experimental, jazz,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12973316",
"chunk_text": "J-pop\nJ-pop J-pop ( \"\"jeipoppu\"\"; often stylized as J-POP; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as , is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s. J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "801679",
"chunk_text": "\"Iranian pop music\"\nIranian pop music Iranian pop music refers to pop music originated in Iran, with songs mainly in Persian and other regional languages of the country. It is also widely referred to as Persian pop music in the Western world. The origin of Iranian pop music dates back to the time of the 19th-century Qajar dynasty. Following the invent of radio in 1930, and after World War II, a form of popular music emerged and began to develop in Iran. Iran's western-influenced pop music emerged by the 1950s. Prior to the 1950s, Iran's music industry was dominated by traditional singers. Viguen,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12165739",
"chunk_text": "\"Power pop\"\nPower pop Power pop (also typeset as powerpop) is a form of pop rock based on the early music of bands such as the Who, the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Byrds. It originated in the late 1960s as young music fans began to rebel against the emerging pretensions of rock music, and developed mainly among American musicians who came of age during the British Invasion. The genre typically incorporates melodic hooks, vocal harmonies, an energetic performance, and \"\"happy\"\"-sounding music supported by a sense of yearning, longing, or despair. The term \"\"power pop\"\" was coined by the Who's Pete",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5580034",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nRock music Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"\"rock and roll\"\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the genres of blues, rhythm and blues, and from country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9152800",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian pop\"\nIndian pop Indian pop music (; Urdu: ہندوستانی پاپ), also known as Indi-pop, I-pop, or Hindi-pop (for Hindi music), refers to pop music produced in India. The term refers to popular music not associated with filmi soundtracks for Indian cinema, such as the music of Bollywood, which tends to be more popular. Indian pop is closely linked to Bollywood, Pakistani pop, Bangladeshi rock, and the Asian Underground scene of the United Kingdom. Pop music originated in the South Asian region with the playback singer Ahmed Rushdi's song ‘\"\"Ko Ko Korina\"\"’ in 1966 and has since then been adopted in India,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18623053",
"chunk_text": "\"Popular music\"\nis to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States. Although popular music sometimes is known as \"\"pop music\"\", the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular music is a generic term for a wide variety of genres of music that appeal to the tastes of a large segment of the population, whereas pop music usually refers to a specific musical genre \"\"within\"\" popular music. Popular music songs and pieces typically have easily singable melodies. The song structure of popular music commonly involves repetition of sections, with the verse and chorus or refrain repeating throughout the song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10172435",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop rock\"\ngeneral, but from the mid-1950s it began to be used for a distinct genre, aimed at a youth market, often characterized as a softer alternative to rock and roll. In the aftermath of the British Invasion, from about 1967, it was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, to describe a form that was more commercial, ephemeral and accessible. As of the 2010s, \"\"guitar pop rock\"\" and \"\"indie rock\"\" are roughly synonymous terms used as a contrast to non-guitar based pop music like hip hop and R&B. Critic Philip Auslander argues that the distinction between pop and rock",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11532792",
"chunk_text": "\"French pop music\"\nFrench pop music French pop music is pop music sung in the French language. It is usually performed by singers from France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, or any of the other francophone areas of the world. The target audience is the francophone market (primarily France), which is considerably smaller than and largely independent from the mainstream anglophone market. The first distinct French pop music styles that emerged were the French rock and the yé-yé, which originated in France during the 1960s. They were influenced by the American rock & roll of the 1950s. In the early days, this style of French",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2141067",
"chunk_text": "\"Indie pop\"\nIndie pop Indie pop (also typeset as indie-pop or indiepop) is a music genre and subculture that combines guitar pop with DIY ethic in opposition to the style and tone of mainstream pop music. It originated from British post-punk in the late 1970s and subsequently generated a thriving fanzine, label, and club and gig circuit. Compared to its counterpart, indie rock, the genre is more melodic, less abrasive, and relatively angst-free. In later years, the definition of \"\"indie pop\"\" has bifurcated to also mean bands from unrelated DIY scenes/movements with pop leanings. Subgenres include chamber pop and twee pop. Some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336241",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\ncontent and marketing. This situation fell in disuse after the late 1970s and would not reemerge until the rise of Internet stars. Indie pop, which developed in the late 1970s, marked another departure from the glamour of contemporary pop music, with guitar bands formed on the then-novel premise that one could record and release their own music without having to procure a record contract from a major label. By 2014, pop music worldwide had been permeated by electronic dance music. A \"\"Scientific Reports\"\" study that examined over 464,000 recordings of popular music recorded between 1955 and 2010 found less variety",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18330520",
"chunk_text": "\"British pop music\"\nBritish pop music British pop music is popular music, produced commercially in the United Kingdom. It emerged in the mid-to late 1950s as a softer alternative to rock 'n' roll and later to rock music. Like American pop music it has a focus on commercial recording, often orientated towards a youth market, as well as that of the Singles Chart usually through the medium of relatively short and simple love songs. While these basic elements of the genre have remained fairly constant, pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, particularly borrowing from the development of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5580057",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nend. The term \"\"pop\"\" has been used since the early 20th century to refer to popular music in general, but from the mid-1950s it began to be used for a distinct genre, aimed at a youth market, often characterized as a softer alternative to rock and roll. From about 1967, it was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, to describe a form that was more commercial, ephemeral and accessible. In contrast rock music was seen as focusing on extended works, particularly albums, was often associated with particular sub-cultures (like the counterculture of the 1960s), placed an emphasis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13987355",
"chunk_text": "\"New wave music\"\nNew wave music New wave is a genre of rock music popular in the late 1970s and the 1980s with ties to mid-1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from blues and rock and roll sounds to create rock music (early new wave) or pop music (later) that incorporated disco, mod, and electronic music. Initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop. New wave differs from other movements with ties to first-wave punk as it displays characteristics common to pop music, rather than the more \"\"artsy\"\" post-punk.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14653666",
"chunk_text": "\"Yé-yé\"\nYé-yé Yé-yé () was a style of pop music that emerged from Southern Europe in the early 1960s. The term \"\"yé-yé\"\" was derived from the English term \"\"yeah! yeah!\"\", popularized by British beat music bands such as the Beatles. The style expanded worldwide, due to the success of figures such as the French singer-songwriters Serge Gainsbourg and Françoise Hardy. Yé-yé was a particular form of counterculture, deriving most of its inspiration from UK or American rock and roll. Additional stylistic elements of yé-yé song composition include baroque, exotica, pop, jazz, and the French \"\"chanson.\"\" The yé-yé movement had its origins",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9343671",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\nSome non-Western countries, such as Japan, have developed a thriving pop music industry, most of which is devoted to Western-style pop. Japan has for several years produced a greater quantity of music than everywhere except the US. The spread of Western-style pop music has been interpreted variously as representing processes of Americanization, homogenization, modernization, creative appropriation, cultural imperialism, or a more general process of globalization. In Korea, pop music's influence has led to the birth of boy bands and girl groups which have gained overseas renown through both their music and aesthetics. Korean co-ed groups (mixed gender groups) have not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17892199",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockism and poptimism\"\n1960s and 1970s, with some formative rock critics suggesting that enduring pop music art was made by singer-songwriters using traditional rock instruments on long-playing albums, and that pop hits reside on a lower aesthetic plane as a source of \"\"guilty pleasure\"\". The term \"\"rockism\"\" was coined in 1981 by English rock musician Pete Wylie and soon became a pejorative used humorously by self-described \"\"anti-rockist\"\" critics in the British press. Originally coinciding with the rise of New Pop in the early 1980s, the term was not generally used beyond small music magazines until the mid 2000s, partly due to the increasing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5230476",
"chunk_text": "C-pop\nC-pop C-pop is an abbreviation for Chinese popular music (), a loosely defined musical genre by artists originating from mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Others come from countries where the Chinese language is used by a large number of the population, such as Singapore and Malaysia. C-pop is sometimes used as an umbrella term covering not only Chinese pop but also R&B, ballads, Chinese rock, Chinese hip hop and Chinese ambient music, although Chinese rock branched off as a separate genre during the early 1990s. There are currently three main subgenres within C-pop: Cantopop, Mandopop and Minnan Pop. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14338986",
"chunk_text": "Europop\nEuropop Europop (also Euro pop) is a style of pop music that originated in Europe during the late 1960s and developed to today's form throughout the late 1970s. Europop topped the charts throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Many successful Europop artists came from France, West Germany, Poland, Romania, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. During the 1970s and early 1980s, such groups were primarily popular in continental countries, with the exception of ABBA (1972–1983). The Swedish four-piece band achieved great success in the UK, where they scored nineteen top 10 singles and nine chart-topping albums,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "686168",
"chunk_text": "\"Traditional pop music\"\nTraditional pop music Traditional pop (also classic pop or pop standards) is music that was recorded or performed after the Big Band era and before the advent of rock music. The most popular and enduring songs from this style of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the Great American Songbook. More generally, the term \"\"standard\"\" can be applied to any popular song that has become widely known in mainstream culture. This definition is disputed by many scholars; however, as many of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12973317",
"chunk_text": "J-pop\nSouthern All Stars. Eventually, J-pop replaced \"\"kayōkyoku\"\" (\"\"Lyric Singing Music\"\", a term for Japanese pop music from the 1920s to the 1980s) in the Japanese music scene. The term was coined by the Japanese media to distinguish Japanese music from foreign music and now refers to most Japanese popular music. Popular styles of Japanese pop music included technopop during the 1970s1980s, city pop in the 1980s, and Shibuya-kei in the 1990s. The origin of modern J-pop is said to be Japanese-language rock music inspired by the likes of The Beatles. Unlike the Japanese music genre called \"\"kayōkyoku\"\", J-pop uses a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9222874",
"chunk_text": "\"British popular music\"\nBritish popular music British popular music and popular music in general, can be defined in a number of ways, but is used here to describe music which is not part of the art/classical music or Church music traditions, including folk music, jazz, pop and rock music. These forms of music have particularly flourished in Britain, which, it has been argued, has influenced popular music disproportionately to its size, partly due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly the former areas of British control such as United States, Canada, and Australia, but also a capacity for invention, innovation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16972578",
"chunk_text": "\"American pop\"\nAmerican pop American pop is pop music in the United States. American folk singer Pete Seeger defined pop music as \"\"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\"\". An early genre of American pop music was the swing craze, a popular dance style in the early part of the 20th century. Jazz artist Rudy Vallée became what was perhaps the first complete example of the 20th century mass media pop star. Vallée became the most prominent and, arguably, the first of a new style of popular singer, the crooner. One of the most successful crooners was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13342379",
"chunk_text": "Pop-rap\nPop-rap Pop-rap or hip-pop is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop music's preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes, which gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with choruses similar to those heard in pop music. The influences and roots of pop rap trace back to late 1980s hip hop artists, such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, and Beastie Boys. Allmusic describes pop-rap as \"\"a marriage of hip-hop beats and raps with strong melodic hooks, which are usually featured as part of the chorus section in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8807204",
"chunk_text": "Song\npop band or a rhythm section) or even a big band (for a jazz song) or orchestra (for a classical aria). One division is between \"\"art songs\"\", \"\"pop songs\"\" and traditional music which includes \"\"folk songs\"\" and early blues songs. Other common methods of classification are by purpose (sacred vs secular), by style (dance, ballad, Lied, etc.), or by time of origin (Renaissance, Contemporary, etc.). Songs may be learned and passed on \"\"by ear\"\" (as in traditional folk songs); from a recording or lead sheet (in jazz and pop) or from detailed music notation (in classical music). Some instrumental music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4020139",
"chunk_text": "K-pop\nwere raised went toward youth suicide prevention organizations. K-pop K-pop (abbreviation of Korean pop; ) is a genre of music characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. While the modern form of K-pop can be traced back to the early 90s, the term itself has been popularized since the 2000s, replacing the term \"\"Gayo\"\" (가요), which also refers to domestic pop music in South Korea. Although it generally indicates \"\"popular music\"\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop that is influenced by styles and genres",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16972580",
"chunk_text": "\"American pop\"\nThe Backstreet Boys, 98° and girl groups such as The Spice Girls and Destiny's Child. American pop American pop is pop music in the United States. American folk singer Pete Seeger defined pop music as \"\"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\"\". An early genre of American pop music was the swing craze, a popular dance style in the early part of the 20th century. Jazz artist Rudy Vallée became what was perhaps the first complete example of the 20th century mass media pop star. Vallée became the most prominent and, arguably, the first of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4594986",
"chunk_text": "Dance-pop\nDance-pop Dance-pop is a pop and dance subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally uptempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable but also suitable for contemporary hit radio. Developing from a combination of electronic dance music and pop music, with influences of disco, post-disco and synth-pop, it is generally characterised by strong beats with easy, uncomplicated song structures which are generally more similar to pop music than the more free-form dance genre, with an emphasis on melody as well as catchy tunes. The genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5774113",
"chunk_text": "\"Beat music\"\nBeat music Beat music, British beat, or Merseybeat (after bands from Liverpool and nearby areas beside the River Mersey) is a popular music genre that developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1960s. Beat music is a fusion of rock and roll (mainly Chuck Berry guitar style and the midtempo beat of artists like Buddy Holly), doo-wop, skiffle and R&B. The genre provided many of the bands responsible for the British Invasion of the American pop charts starting in 1964, and provided the model for many important developments in pop and rock music, including the format of the rock",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8090807",
"chunk_text": "\"Indie pop\"\nthe sophisticated use of orchestras and voices that typified the style. Bibliography Indie pop Indie pop (also typeset as indie-pop or indiepop) is a music genre and subculture that combines guitar pop with DIY ethic in opposition to the style and tone of mainstream pop music. It originated from British post-punk in the late 1970s and subsequently generated a thriving fanzine, label, and club and gig circuit. Compared to its counterpart, indie rock, the genre is more melodic, less abrasive, and relatively angst-free. In later years, the definition of \"\"indie pop\"\" has bifurcated to also mean bands from unrelated DIY",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18105763",
"chunk_text": "\"Soft rock\"\nSoft rock Soft rock (or lite rock) is a derivative form of pop rock that originated in the early 1970s in southern California. The style smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s. Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1968. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6705897",
"chunk_text": "\"Popular music\"\nPopular music Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or \"\"folk\"\" music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of written music, although since the beginning of the recording industry, it is also disseminated through recordings. Traditional music forms such as early blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller, local audiences. The original application of the term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "140141",
"chunk_text": "\"Arabic pop music\"\nArabic pop music Arabic pop music or Arab pop is a subgenre of pop music and Arabic music. Arabic pop is mainly produced and originated in Cairo, Egypt; with Beirut as a secondary center. It is an outgrowth of the Arabic film industry (mainly Egyptian movies), also predominantly located in Cairo. The primary style is a genre that synthetically combines pop melodies with elements of different Arabic regional styles, called \"\"ughniyah\"\" () or in English \"\"Arabic song\"\". It uses string instruments including the guitar as well as traditional Middle Eastern instruments. Another aspect of Arab pop is the overall tone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6944037",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop punk\"\nBeatles, the Kinks and the Beach Boys all paved the way for pop punk. With their love of the Beach Boys and late 1960s bubblegum pop, the Ramones paved the way to what became known as pop punk. The Ramones' loud and fast melodic minimalism differentiated them from other bands in New York City's budding art rock scene, but pop punk was not considered a separate subgenre until later. An early use of the term \"\"pop punk\"\" appeared in a 1977 \"\"New York Times\"\" article, \"\"Cabaret: Tom Petty's Pop Punk Rock Evokes Sounds of 60s\"\". In the late 1970s, English",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8259831",
"chunk_text": "\"Yé-yé\"\nscene and created an indelible mark in the worlds of both fashion and style. The \"\"...escapist, ironic...\"\" facets of yé-yé enticed thousands of listeners, promoting an unshakeable gaiety and a glamour that intertwined greatly with the sexual freedom and modernity of the swinging 60s. Yé-yé Yé-yé () was a style of pop music that emerged from Southern Europe in the early 1960s. The term \"\"yé-yé\"\" was derived from the English term \"\"yeah! yeah!\"\", popularized by British beat music bands such as the Beatles. The style expanded worldwide, due to the success of figures such as the French singer-songwriters Serge Gainsbourg",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336240",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop music\"\n\"\"progressive\"\" was frequently used, and it was thought that every song and single was to be a \"\"progression\"\" from the last. Music critic Simon Reynolds writes that beginning with 1967, a divide would exist between \"\"progressive\"\" pop and \"\"mass/chart\"\" pop, a separation which was \"\"also, broadly, one between boys and girls, middle-class and working-class.\"\" Before the progressive pop of the late 1960s, performers were typically unable to decide on the artistic content of their music. Assisted by the mid-1960s economic boom, record labels began investing in artists, giving them the freedom to experiment, and offering them limited control over their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18171859",
"chunk_text": "\"American popular music\"\n\"\"big band swing\"\" and Latin music like the Cuban son and \"\"Mexican rhythms\"\". Another author, George Lipsitz claims that rock arose in America's urban areas, where there formed a \"\"polyglot, working-class culture (where the) social meanings previously conveyed in isolation by blues, country, polka, zydeco and Latin musics found new expression as they blended in an urban environment\"\". The middle of the 20th century saw a number of very important changes in American popular music. The field of pop music developed tremendously during this period, as the increasingly low price of recorded music stimulated demand and greater profits for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9454155",
"chunk_text": "\"Origins of rock and roll\"\nOrigins of rock and roll Rock and roll emerged as a defined musical style in the United States in the early to mid-1950s. It derived most directly from the rhythm and blues music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlier blues, boogie woogie, jazz and swing music, and was also influenced by gospel, country and western, and traditional folk music. Rock and roll in turn provided the main basis for the music that, since the mid-1960s, has been generally known simply as rock music. The phrase \"\"rocking and rolling\"\" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_890
|
who became the king of ayodhya after ram?
|
n/a
|
[
"Kusha"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17355295",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya (Ramayana)\"\n\"\"yojanas\"\" in area. Both \"\"Ramayana\"\" and \"\"Mahabharata\"\" describe Ayodhya as the capital of the Ikshvaku dynasty of Kosala, including Rama and Dasharatha. The \"\"Purana-pancha-lakshana\"\" also describes the city as the capital of Ikshvaku kings, including Harishchandra. The \"\"Ramayana\"\" states that the city was ruled by king Dasaratha, who a descendant of king Ikshvaku. His son Rama was exiled to forest, and returned to the city after several travails, establishing an ideal rule in the kingdom. According to \"\"Uttara Kanda\"\", a later addition to the \"\"Ramayana\"\", Rama divided the kingdom into North and South Kosala at the end of his reign,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13561632",
"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nLater, the capital of the Gupta Empire was moved from Pataliputra to Ayodhya. Paramartha states that king Vikramaditya moved the royal court to Ayodhya; Xuanzang also corroborates this, stating that this king moved the court to the \"\"country of Shravasti\"\", that is, Kosala. A local oral tradition of Ayodhya, first recorded in writing by Robert Montgomery Martin in 1838, mentions that the city was deserted after the death of Rama's descendant Brihadbala. The city remain deserted until King Vikrama of Ujjain came searching for it, and re-established it. He cut down the forests that had covered the ancient ruins, erected",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18536954",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya (Ramayana)\"\nwith respective capitals at Shravasti and Kusavati, and installed his two sons (Lava and Kusa) to rule them. Rama himself entered the waters of the Sarayu river, along with all the inhabitants of the city, and ascended to heaven. The location of this mass suicide was the \"\"Gopratara Tirtha\"\", according to the \"\"Mahabharata\"\". Ayodhya was subsequently repopulated by king Rishabha. Several other literary works based on the story of Rama also mention Ayodhya. These include the \"\"Abhisheka\"\" and \"\"Pratimanataka\"\" by the poet Bhāsa (dated 2nd century CE or earlier), and the \"\"Raghuvamsha\"\" of Kalidasa (c. 5th century CE). According to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13561633",
"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nthe Ramgar fort, and built 360 temples. Vikramditya was a title of multiple Gupta kings, and the king who moved the capital to Ayodhya is identified as Skandagupta. Bakker theorizes that the move to Ayodhya may have been prompted by a flooding of the river Ganges at Pataliputra, the need to check the Huna advance from the west, and Skandagupta's desire to compare himself with Rama (whose Ikshvaku dynasty is associated with the legendary Ayodhya). According to Paramaratha's \"\"Life of Vasubandhu\"\", Vikramaditya was a patron of scholars, and awarded 300,000 pieces of gold to Vasubandhu. The text states that Vasubandhu",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5270123",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya (Ramayana)\"\nwriting by Robert Montgomery Martin in 1838, mentions that the city was deserted after the death of Rama's descendant Brihadbala. It remain deserted for several centuries until King Vikrama (or Vikramaditya) of Ujjain came searching for it. On the advice of a sage, Vikrama determined that the site of ancient Ayodhya as the place where the milk would flow from the udder of a calf. He cut down the forests that had covered the ancient ruins, established a new city, erected the Ramgar fort, and built 360 temples. According to the JNU historians, this myth of \"\"re-discovery\"\" seems to recognize",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10986765",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya dispute\"\nto be called Ayodhya. Kalidasa wrote Raghuvamsa here, and referred to \"\"Gopratara tirtha\"\" (Guptar Ghat), where Rama was believed to have entered the waters of Saryu in his ascent to heaven. According to a local tradition recorded by Francis Buchanan and Alexander Cunningham, Ayodhya became desolate after Rama's ascent to heaven and \"\"Vikramaditya\"\" revived it. (In \"\"Raghuvamsa\"\", Rama's son \"\"Kusa\"\" revived it.) Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II, was a Rama devotee. Her son, Pravarasena II wrote \"\"Sethubandha\"\", in which Rama is regarded as identical to Vishnu. He also built a temple to Rama at Pravarapura (Paunar near Ramtek) in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10986762",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya dispute\"\na temple, it did agree that a temple or a temple structure predated the mosque at the same site. The excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India were heavily used as evidence by the court that the predating structure was a massive Hindu religious building. The Ayodhya debate centres around the land known today as Ram Janmabhoomi, on which the Babri Mosque was built in 1528. In the \"\"Ramayana\"\", Ayodhya is the birthplace of the god-king Rama, the son of Dasharatha, the ruler of Ayodhya, and his queen Kausalya. He is worshiped by many Hindus as an \"\"Avatar\"\", or incarnation,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10986766",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya dispute\"\nabout 450 A.D. After the Guptas, the capital of North India moved to Kannauj and Ayodhya fell into relative neglect. It was revived by the Gahadavalas, coming to power in the 11th century A.D. The Gahadavalas were Vaishnavas. They built several Vishnu temples in Ayodhya, five of which survived till Aurangzeb's reign. Indologist Hans T. Bakker concludes that there might have been a temple at the supposed birth spot of Rama built by the Gahadavalas. In subsequent years, the cult of Rama developed within Vaishnavism, with Rama being regarded as the foremost avatar of Vishnu. Consequently, Ayodhya's importance as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11690205",
"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\n(infant Rama). The court further ruled that the area where the idols of Ram are present be given to Hindus in the final decree, while the rest of the land shall be divided equally by metes and bounds among the three parties. Some South Koreans have identified the \"\"Ayuta\"\" mentioned in their ancient Samgungnyusa legend with Ayodhya. According to this legend, the ancient Korean princess Heo Hwang-ok came from Ayuta. In the 2000s, the local government of Ayodhya and South Korea acknowledged the connection and held a ceremony to raise a statue of the princess. India census, Ayodhya had a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Ram Rajya\"\nyear exile, whereby he demolishes the evil empire of Lord Ravan, rescues his wife, Sita, and returns triumphantly home to Ayodhya to be crowned the King. Bhagwan Ram arranges for Sita to be placed on top a funeral pyre, and when she comes out unscathed with the Lord of Fire himself appearing and asking Bhagwan Ram to take Sita back as she is pure, and her presence has not only purified Ayodhya, but also Sri Lanka, as well as himself. Thus satiated, Ram and Sita return to Ayodhya, but not for long as the people, especially a washer-man (Dhobi) demands",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ram ke Naam\"\nsubcontinent, Mir Baqi, a general of the emperor Babur, built a mosque at Ayodhya which he named after Babur. In Hindu mythology, Ayodhya is the birthplace of the god-king Rama. Local traditions hold that a temple to Rama stood at the site and was demolished by Baqi. The site was used for religious purposes by people of both beliefs until 1949. In that year, idols of Rama were surreptitiously placed inside the mosque. An uproar followed, and multiple civil suits were filed laying claim to the site. The site was declared to be in dispute, and the gates to the",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nto have shifted southwards during this period, now passing through Saketa, Ahichhatra and Kanyakubja. After the Deva kings, Saketa appears to have been ruled by the Datta, Kushan, and Mitra kings, although the chronological order of their rule is uncertain. Bakker theorizes that the Dattas succeeded the Deva kings in the mid-1st century CE, and their kingdom was annexed to the Kushan Empire by Kanishka. The Tibetan text \"\"Annals of Li Country\"\" (c. 11th century) mentions that an alliance of king Vijayakirti of Khotan, king Kanika, the king of Gu-zan, and the king of Li, marched to India and captured",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nAyodhya Ayodhya (; IAST \"\"Ayodhyā\"\") is a city located in Ayodhya District of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is identified with the legendary city of Ayodhya, and as such, is the birthplace of Rama and setting of the epic \"\"Ramayana\"\". The accuracy of this identification is central to the Ayodhya dispute: modern scholars variously believe that the present-day Ayodhya is same as the legendary Ayodhya, or that the legendary city is a mythical place that came to be identified with the present-day Ayodhya only during the Gupta period around the 4th-5th century CE. The present-day city is identified as the location",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath\"\nmind in asking King Dashratha for her two pending boons —to make her son Bharat the next king of Ayodhya and to exile Rama from Ayodhya for the next 14 years. With a heavy heart, King Dashrath exiles his sons Rama.Rama's half-brother, Lakshman and wife Sita also accompany him. Stricken with grief, obedient half-brother Bharata begins to rule Ayodhya under the name of rightful King Rama, who begins his exile in Panchvati. After 12 years, Ram, Lakshman and Sita are well acquainted with the forest. But they are yet to meet the most feared villain of all times - Ravana.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya (Ramayana)\"\nAyodhya (Ramayana) Ayodhya is a legendary city mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit-language texts, including the \"\"Ramayana\"\" and the \"\"Mahabharata\"\". These texts describe it as the capital of the Ikshvaku kings, including Rama. The historicity of this legendary city is of concern to the Ayodhya dispute. According to one theory, it is same as the present-day Ayodhya city. According to another theory, it is a fictional city, and the present-day Ayodhya was renamed after it around the 4th or 5th century, during the Gupta period. According to the \"\"Ramayana\"\", Ayodhya was founded by Manu, the progenitor of mankind, and measured 12x3",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya dispute\"\nI (1643–1712) and granddaughter of emperor Aurangzeb, in the early 18th century. It mentioned mosques having been constructed after demolishing the \"\"temples of the idolatrous Hindus situated at Mathura, Banaras and Awadh etc.\"\" Hindus are said to have called these demolished temples in Awadh \"\"\"\"Sita Rasoi\"\"\"\" (Sita's kitchen) and \"\"Hanuman's abode.\"\" While there was no mention of Babur in this account, the Ayodhya mosque had been juxtaposed with those built by Aurangzeb at Mathura and Banaras. Jai Singh II (popularly called \"\"Sawai Jai Singh\"\", 1688-1743) purchased land and established \"\"Jaisinghpuras\"\" in all Hindu religious centres in North India, including Mathura,",
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"chunk_text": "Rama\nRama Rama or Ram (; Sanskrit: राम, IAST: \"\"Rāma\"\"), also known as Ramachandra, is the name of \"\"Shuddh Brahm\"\" who took avatar in Treta Yuga. He is the seventh avatar of the god Vishnu, one of his most popular incarnations along with Krishna and Gautama Buddha. In Rama-centric traditions of Hinduism, he is considered the Supreme Being. Rama was born to Kaushalya and Dasharatha in Ayodhya, the ruler of the Kingdom of Kosala. His siblings included Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. He married Sita. Though born in a royal family, their life is described in the Hindu texts as one challenged",
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"chunk_text": "Ramcharitmanas\nhim of the arrival of Rama, Sita and Laksman. Bharata rushes to Ayodhya to tell the citizens of the great news. As the Pushpak Vimaan landed in Ayodhya the citizens shouted chants of 'Glory be to Ramchandra'. Rama, Sita and Laksman collectively touch the feet of the sage Vashishta on arriving in Ayodhya and thereafter greet all that have gathered in the assembly. Lastly Rama meets Bharata with great affection and love. Rama's coronation takes place and he is finally crowned king of Ayodhya. Shiva arrives to glorify the festivities further and asks Rama of the boon that he may",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ramdev Pir\"\nRamdev Pir Baba Ramdev ()(or Ramdevji, or Ramdeo Pir, Ramsha Pir) (1352–1385 AD; V.S. 1409–1442) is a Hindu folk deity of Rajasthan, India. He was a fourteenth-century ruler, said to have miraculous powers, who devoted his life to the upliftment of the downtrodden and poor people of society. He is worshiped today by many social groups of India as Ishta-deva. Ramdev is considered to be an incarnation of Vishnu. King Ajmal (Ajaishinh) married Queen Minaldevi, daughter of Pamji Bhati of Chhahan Baru village. The childless king went to Dwaraka and pleaded with Krishna about his wish to have child like",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nto several major cities and towns, including Lucknow (134 km), Gorakhpur (132 km), Jhansi (441 km), Allahabad (166 km), Sravasti (109 km), Varanasi (209 km) and Gonda (51 km). A direct bus service has been started between Ayodhya and Janakpur (birthplace of Sita), in Nepal as a part of Ramayana Circuit. Sources Ayodhya Ayodhya (; IAST \"\"Ayodhyā\"\") is a city located in Ayodhya District of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is identified with the legendary city of Ayodhya, and as such, is the birthplace of Rama and setting of the epic \"\"Ramayana\"\". The accuracy of this identification is central to the",
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nbuilt by the Gahadavalas (see Vishnu Hari inscription). In subsequent years, the cult of Rama developed within Vaishnavism, with Rama being regarded as the foremost avatar of Vishnu. Consequently, Ayodhya's importance as a pilgrimage centre grew. In 1226 CE, Ayodhya became the capital of the province of Awadh (or \"\"Oudh\"\") within the Delhi sultanate. Muslim historians state that the area was little more than wilderness prior to this. Pilgrimage was tolerated, but the tax on pilgrims ensured that the temples did not receive much income. Under Mughal rule, the Babri mosque was constructed in Ayodhya. The city was the capital",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nsome how related to this legendary ruler who is regarded as an icon of virtue, truth and devotion. Chakravarti Maharaja Dasrath Mahal is not an exception to this common phenomenon. It is where Maharaja Dasharatha is believed to reside with his kith and kin. Now the place houses a temple, which depicts Ram, Sita, Lakshmana, Bharat and Shatrughan as the chief deities.The environment there, provides such serene and tranquil feeling that a devotee would be able to sense the presence of Lord Ram. The legendary princess Heo Hwang-ok, who married king Suro of Geumgwan Gaya of Korea, is believed by",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya dispute\"\nof Vishnu. According to the Garuda Purana, a Hindu religious text, Ayodhya is one of seven sacred sites where \"\"Moksha\"\", or a final release from the cycle of death and rebirth, may be obtained. In 1525, the Mughal king Babur invaded north India, and conquered a substantial part of northern India. One of his generals, Mir Baqi came to Ayodhya in 1528 and after reportedly destroying a pre-existing temple of Rama at the site, built a mosque, which has come to be called \"\"masjid-i-janmasthan\"\" (mosque at the birthplace) as well as \"\"Babri Masjid\"\" (Babur's mosque). The Babri Mosque was one",
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\na massive four-sided fort with circular bastions at each corner and a temple of Hanuman inside, is the most popular shrine in Ayodhya. Situated in the center of town, it is approachable by a flight of 76 steps. Its legend is that Hanuman lived here in a cave and guarded the Janambhoomi, or Ramkot. The main temple contains the statue of Maa Anjani with Bal Hanuman seated on her lap. The faithful believe wishes are granted with a visit to the shrine. Kanak Bhawan is a temple said to have been given to Sita and Rama by Rama's stepmother Kaikeyi",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\narea continued during this period. According to Indologist Hans T. Bakker, the only religious significance of Ayodhya in the first millennium CE was related to the \"\"Gopratara\"\" tirtha (now called Guptar Ghat), where Rama and his followers are said to have ascended to heaven by entering the waters of Sarayu. In the 11th century, the Gahadavala dynasty came to power in the region, and promoted Vaishnavism. They built several Vishnu temples in Ayodhya, five of which survived till the end of Aurangzeb's reign. Hans Bakker concludes that there might have been a temple at the supposed birth spot of Rama",
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"chunk_text": "Rama\ncommanders such as Hanuman who is a minister of Sugriva. Meanwhile, Ravana harasses Sita and tries to make her into a concubine. Sita refuses him. Ravana is enraged. Rama ultimately reaches Lanka, fights in a war that has many ups and downs, but ultimately Rama prevails, kills Ravana and forces of evil, and rescues his wife Sita. They return to Ayodhya. The return of Rama to Ayodhya is celebrated with his coronation. It is called \"\"Rama pattabhisheka\"\", and his rule itself as \"\"Rama rajya\"\" described to be a just and fair rule. It is believed by many that when Rama",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya (Ramayana)\"\nof the Ikshvaku dynasty with their tirthankaras and chakravartins. For example, the first tirthankara Rishabha is said to have been born in Ikkhagabhumi (according to \"\"Kalpasutra\"\") or Viniya (according to \"\"Jambu-dvipa-prajnapati\"\"), which are identified as Ayodhya (Aojhha) or Saketa. In the 19th century, Alexander Cunningham of Archaeological Survey of India believed that \"\"Ramayana\"\" also identifies Ayodhya with a Saketa, based on a verse that supposedly describes Dasharatha as the king of \"\"Saketa-nagara\"\". However, this verse was fabricated by a Brahmin of Lucknow: it is not found in the original \"\"Ramayana\"\" text. A local oral tradition of Ayodhya, first recorded in",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nbestowed the \"\"riyasat\"\" (principality) of Ayodhya on his loyal Brahmin soldier Dwijdeo Mishra of the Kasyapa gotra, for quelling revenue rebels in Mehendauna in Eastern UP. Ayodhya was annexed in 1856 by the British rulers. The rulers of Awadh were Shia, and the Sunni groups had already protested against the permissive attitude of the former government. The British intervened and crushed the Sunni resistance. In 1857, the British annexed Oudh (Awadh) and subsequently reorganised it into the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. In the 1850s, a group of Hindus attacked the Babri mosque, on the grounds that it was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Reasons for Ram avatar\"\nmother! Due to my benevolence your divine Jnana will never be destroyed.\"\" (That is, they are holy/immortal.) Then the king said — \"\"O lord! I have one more request... Like a fish cannot survive without water, [let] that way my life be dependent on you.\"\" Ram said — \"\"So be it. [For now, come] stay in the [celestial] capital Amaravati [with me]...[A]fter some time, you will be the king of [the earthly kingdom] Awadh (Kosala or Ayodhya). Then I will be your son. Adorning a human body created as per my wish I will manifest myself in your home.\"\" After",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya dispute\"\nsquare box raised 5 inches above the ground, which was said to be called the \"\"\"\"Bedi\"\", i.e., the cradle.\"\" \"\"The reason for this is that once upon a time, here was a house where Beschan [Vishnu] was born in the form of Ram.\"\" He recorded that Rama's birthday was celebrated every year, with a big gathering of people, which was \"\"so famous in the entire India.\"\" The first recorded instances of religious violence in Ayodhya occurred in the 1850s over a nearby mosque at Hanuman Garhi. The Babri mosque was attacked by Hindus in the process. Since then, local Hindu",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scion of Ikshvaku\"\nScion of Ikshvaku Scion of Ikshvaku (also known as Ram: Scion of Ikshvaku) is a fantasy book by Indian author Amish Tripathi, released on 22 June 2015. It is based on Ram, the legendary Indian king regarded as an incarnation of Vishnu. The title was revealed by the author at the Jaipur Literature Festival. The story begins with King Dashrath of Ayodhya being defeated in a war by Lankan trader Raavan, and the birth of his son Ram. It follows through Ram's childhood and tutelage, along with the politics surrounding his ascension to the throne, and ultimately his 14-year exile,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scion of Ikshvaku\"\naccompanied by wife Sita and brother Lakshman. King Dashrath of Ayodhya, Emperor of the Sapta Sindhu region in India, objects demands made by Lankan trader Kubera. He declares war but is defeated by Kubera's general, Raavan, at Karachapa. Dashrath barely escapes with his life thanks to Kaikeyi, his second queen. At the same time in Ayodhya, Dashrath's first queen Kaushalya gives birth to their son, Ram. Following the defeat, Ravan monopolizes the entire trade system in India, causing economic crisis. Dashrath blames Ram as the reason for his defeat, and treats him apathetically. Ram and his half-brothers, Bharat (son of",
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_text": "Samprati\nand undated medieval texts devoted solely to the story of Samprati, such as the 461-verse Sanskrit \"\"Deeds of King Samprati (Samprati Nripa Charitra)\"\". Samprati Samprati () was an emperor of the Maurya dynasty. He was the son of Ashoka's blind son, Kunala, and succeeded his cousin, Dasharatha, as emperor of the Maurya Empire. Kunala was the son of one of Ashoka's queens, Padmavati (who was Jain), but was blinded in a conspiracy to remove his claim to the throne. Thus, Kunala was replaced by Dasharatha as the heir to the throne. Kunala lived in Ujjain with his \"\"Dhai Maa\"\". Samprati",
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"chunk_id": "11690187",
"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\na small, independent kingdom. The \"\"Yuga Purana\"\" states that Saketa was ruled by seven powerful kings after the retreat of the Greeks. The \"\"Vayu Purana\"\" and the \"\"Brahmanda Purana\"\" also state that seven powerful kings ruled in the capital of Kosala. The historicity of these kings is attested by the discovery of the coins of the Deva dynasty kings, including Dhanadeva, whose inscription describes him as the king of Kosala (\"\"Kosaladhipati\"\"). As the capital of Kosala, Saketa probably eclipsed Shravasti in importance during this period. The east-west route connecting Pataliputra to Taxila, which earlier passed through Saketa and Shravasti, appears",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Ramcharitmanas\nto dwell in Indra's capital in heaven. The Lord explains that after some time Manu would be born as the king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha and Satarupa as Kausalya. He would then manifest Himself in the royal household as their son. He reassured the couple that their desire would be accomplished. Prior to the birth of Rama, Muni Bharadwaja is told the story of King Pratapbhanu by Yajnavalkya. There is a kingdom called Kaikay where Satyaketu is king. He has two sons, Pratapbhanu and Arimardana and rules his kingdom with his prime minister Dharamaruchi. Satyaketu abdicates and hands the reign to",
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nof the province of Awadh, which is also believed to be a variant of the name \"\"Ayodhya.\"\" During the British Raj the city was known as Ajodhya or Ajodhia and was part of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It was also the seat of a small 'talukdari' state. After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 CE, the central Muslim rule weakened, and Awadh became virtually independent, with Ayodhya as its capital. However, the rulers became increasingly dependent on the local Hindu nobles, and control over the temples and pilgrimage centres was relaxed. Saadat Ali Khan, Nawab of Awadh,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Ram Mohan Roy\"\na Grade II* historic site by English Heritage and attract many admiring visitors today. Ram Mohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1774 – 27 September 1833) was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered by",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scion of Ikshvaku\"\ndecides to take a 14-year exile as punishment for breaking Rudra's rule about the weapon. A begrudged Manthara asks Kaikeyi to substantiate the matter by using two boons given to her by Dashrath for saving his life. Thus Ram undertakes the exile with Sita and Lakshman. After Dashrath's death, Bharat declares Ram as King of Ayodhya and decides to rule the kingdom as a regent. Sita makes a secret deal with the vulture-like Naga Jatayu and his men, to protect Ram and supply the trio with the anti-ageing drink, Somras. Thirteen years pass and one day, Ram's camp is approached",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_text": "\"Ram Lalla Temple\"\nRam Lalla Temple Ayodhya is one of seven most holy places for Hindus in India. Ayodhya is revered as the birthplace of the Maryaada Purushottama, i.e. ideal man, Lord Rama King of Ayodhya, as worshiped also by Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu. The Skandha Puraana, narrates in detail the different temples in Ayodhya, including the one commemorating the birthplace of Rama. The deities are perpetual minors and against them Limitation Laws do not run. The place of birth that is Rama Janma Bhumi is a juristic person. The deity also attained divinity like Agni, Vayu, Kedarnatha. Asthana is personified",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_text": "Ramcharitmanas\ntakes place and Vibhishan is crowned the king of Lanka. Hanuman carries the happy news to Sita in Ashok Vatika. Finally Rama and Sita are reunited. Rama and the army prepare to depart Lanka and return towards Ayodhya. Rama, Sita, Lakshman and the senior monkeys travel back in Ravana's flying vehicle, Pushpak Vimaan. The Epilogue It is now the day before Rama is to return to Ayodhya after serving his exile. Bharata is anxious that his brother still hasn't arrived. The Mānas mentions that Bharata had passed his days shedding tears for fourteen years in Nandigram. Hanuman meets Bharata telling",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nbuilt over the birthplace of the Hindu deity Rama. To prevent further disputes, the British administrators divided the mosque premises between Hindus and Muslims. A movement was launched in 1984 by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad party to reclaim the Babri mosque site for a Rama temple. In 1992, a right wing Hindu nationalist rally progressed into a riot, leading to the demolition of the Babri mosque. Now, there is a makeshift mandir at Ram Janmabhoomi with a \"\"Ram Lalla\"\", representing Rama as a child, smiling over a blooming lotus. Under Indian government no one was permitted near the site for",
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"chunk_text": "Ramcharitmanas\nforgiveness and loudly laments while the Queen attempts to pacify him. She asks him to carry out his duty and rule Ayodhya, but Bharata cannot bear the thought of sitting on the throne with his father dead and his brothers in exile in the forest. The cremation of King Dasharatha takes place. Bharata and Shatrughna decide to go into the forest and ask Rama to return to Ayodhya and take the throne. Many citizens as well as the royal family, who have been grieving ever since Rama had left them, decide to join the brothers. The Nishads see the approaching",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_text": "\"Bharata (Ramayana)\"\nserved as the king of Ayodhya as a sage for the 14 years of Rama, Sita and Lakshman's exile. His mother was the reason that Lord Ram was exiled, since she wished Bharat to become the King instead of Ram. Bharat was sad with his mother's act. He also attempted to bring Rama back to Ayodhya after his family sage Vashisht advised him to ascend the throne. He never sat on the throne instead he brought the paduka of Lord Ram and placed them on the throne. After 11,000 years of Rama's rule, Bharata also merges with Rama's Mahavishnu form",
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"page_id": 42
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"chunk_text": "\"Ram statue\"\nRam statue in Ayodhya as part of the “Navya Ayodhya” scheme of the UP Tourism Department to develop the area into tourist center. On 24 November 2018, the design of the statue was finalised. The statue of Ram would be accompanied by one of Nishadraj, a boatman who helped Ram, Sita and Laxman cross the Ganga when in exile. Yogi Adityanath, the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, had in September said ₹ 34 crore would be allocated for the project of Nishadraj. Ram statue Ram Statue is a planned monument in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, dedicated to the Hindu God Ram.",
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"chunk_id": "11130347",
"chunk_text": "\"Sri Rama Rajyam\"\nrespectively. The film has also a Malayalam dubbed version with the same title. This film was also dubbed Hindi as Ayodhyapati Sri Ram The story begins with Rama (Nandamuri Balakrishna) returning to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana along with Goddess Sita (Nayanthara) and crowned as the emperor, settles down to a harmonious lifestyle. When his spies inform him that his reputation may be at stake as Sita had spent over a year in Ravana's Lanka, he asks Lakshman (Srikanth) to ensure that Sita is sent to exile. A devastated, pregnant, and distraught Sita is rescued by Valmiki (Akkineni Nageswara Rao), who",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9321409",
"chunk_text": "Dasharatha\nDasharatha Dasharatha (Sanskrit: दशरथ, IAST \"\"Daśaratha\"\") was a descendant of the Raghuvansha-Ikshvaku-Suryavansha dynasty and the Maharaja of Ayodhya as mentioned in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. Dasharatha was the son of Aja and Indumati. He had three wives; Kausalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra and out of the union bore Rama (the principal character in the Ramayana), Bharatha, Lakshmana, Shatrughna. King Dasarath was incarnation of Dronavasu Bramhin, who gives a bone from Lord Vishnu in his first life in Satyayuga. Dasharatha was the son of King Aja of Ayodhya and Princess Indumati of Vidarbha. His birth name was Nemi, but he acquired",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13561629",
"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\nfound on the pedestal of a Buddha image in Shravasti, and records the gift of the image by Sihadeva of Saketa. Before or after the Kushans, Saketa appears to have been ruled by a dynasty of kings whose names end in \"\"-mitra\"\", and whose coins have been found at Ayodhya. They may have been members of a local dynasty that was distinct from the Mitra dynasty of Mathura. These kings are attested only by their coinage: Sangha-mitra, Vijaya-mitra, Satya-mitra, Deva-mitra, and Arya-mitra; coins of Kumuda-sena and Aja-varman have also been discovered. Around the 4th century, the region came under the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16617298",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayodhya (Ramayana)\"\nthat modern Ayodhya is not same as the ancient Ayodhya, and appears to be an attempt to impart the modern town a religious sanctity that it originally lacked. These historians theorize that the 5th century emperor Skandagupta (who adopted the title Vikramditya) moved his residence to Saketa, and renamed it to Ayodhya, probably to associate himself with the legendary solar dynasty. According to Bakker, the Guptas moved their capital to Saketa either during the reign of Kumaragupta I or Skandagupta, and this event is possibly alluded to in the \"\"Raghuvamsha\"\". Kishore Kunal argues that there is no historical evidence to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11690203",
"chunk_text": "Ayodhya\n200 yards, and the gate was locked to the outside. Hindu pilgrims, however, began entering through a side door to offer puja. In 2003, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) carried out an excavation at the mosque site to determine if it was built over the ruins of a temple. The excavation uncovered a variety of objects, including a statue of Lord Hanuman and coins dating to early historic times and other historic objects. The ASI concluded that an ancient temple had been demolished or modified to create the Babri Mosque under Babur. Besides Hindus, the Buddhist and Jain representatives",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6315477",
"chunk_text": "Ramayana\nof Bala Kanda and Ayodhya Kanda appear to be familiar with the eastern Gangetic basin region of northern India and with the Kosala, Mithila and Magadha regions during the period of the sixteen Mahajanapadas, based on the fact that the geographical and geopolitical data accords with what is known about the region. Dasharatha was the king of Ayodhya. He had three wives: Kaushalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra. He was childless for a long time and anxious to produce an heir, so he performs a fire sacrifice known as \"\"putra-kameshti yagya\"\". As a consequence, Rama is first born to Kaushalya, Bharata is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_891
|
what is the most famous building in rennes?
|
n/a
|
[
"Parlement de Bretagne",
"The Parlement de Bretagne"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "3694051",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes Cathedral\"\nRennes Cathedral Rennes Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Rennes, France. It has been a monument historique since 1906. The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Peter, is the seat of the Archbishop of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo, previously Bishop of Rennes. The site has been used for a cathedral more or less from the beginnings of the see in the 6th century. The earliest building was completely replaced by a Gothic cathedral in the 12th century, of which in 1490 the tower and the entire west front collapsed. The existing façade with its neoclassical granite",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
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"chunk_id": "10090132",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nbotanical garden on 10 hectares of land, built between 1860 and 1867. 17th century promenade \"\"la Motte à Madame\"\", and a monumental stairway overlooking the Rue de Paris entrance to the Thabor. The south city centre is a mix of old buildings and 19th and 20th centuries constructions. The Fine Arts Museum is situated on Quai Émile Zola, by the Vilaine River. Les Champs Libres is a building on Esplanade Charles de Gaulle, and was designed by the architect Christian de Portzamparc. It houses the Brittany Museum (Musée de Bretagne), the regional library Bibliothèque de Rennes Métropole with six floors,",
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"chunk_id": "10090129",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\n\"\"parlement de Bretagne\"\", many \"\"hôtels particuliers\"\" were built in the northern part, the richest in the 18th century. Most of the monuments historiques can be found there. Colourful traditional half-timbered houses are situated primarily along the roads of Saint-Sauveur, Saint-Georges, de Saint-Malo, Saint-Guillaume, des Dames, du Chapitre, Vasselot, Saint-Michel, de la Psallette and around the plazas of Champ-Jacquet, des Lices, Saint-Anne and Rallier-du-Baty. The \"\"Parlement de Bretagne\"\" (Administrative and judicial centre of Brittany, ) is the most famous 17th century building in Rennes. It was rebuilt after a terrible fire in 1994 that may have been caused by a flare",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10090130",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nfired by a protester during a demonstration. It houses the Rennes Court of Appeal. The plaza around is built on the classical architecture. On the west, the Place de la Mairie (City Hall Plaza, Plasenn Ti Kêr): On the east, at the end of the \"\"Rue Saint-Georges\"\" with traditional half-timbered houses: On the south-east: The Place des Lices is lined by hôtels particuliers with the place Railler-du-Baty, is the location of the weekly big market, the marché des Lices. Near the Rennes Cathedral (cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Rennes) is the Rue du Chapitre: On this era are the former St. Yves",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_id": "6387459",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nRennes Rennes (; , ; Gallo: \"\"Resnn\"\"; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department. Rennes's history goes back more than 2,000 years, at a time when it was a small Gallic village named Condate. Together with Vannes and Nantes, it was one of the major cities of the ancient Duchy of Brittany. From the early sixteenth century until the French Revolution, Rennes was a parliamentary, administrative and garrison city of the",
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"chunk_id": "6387461",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\ninhabitants of Rennes are called Rennais(e)(es) in French. In 2018, \"\"L'Express\"\" named Rennes as \"\"the most liveable city in France\"\". Since 2015, Rennes is divided into 6 cantons (populations as of 2014): Rennes is divided into 12 quarters: The current mayor of Rennes is Nathalie Appéré. A member of the Socialist Party, she replaced retiring Socialist incumbent Daniel Delaveau, in office from 2008 to 2014. Among previous well-known mayors are: The \"\"\"\" (\"\"city hall\"\") is right in the centre of Rennes. The French Prison Service operates the \"\"Centre pénitentiaire de Rennes\"\", the largest women's prison in France. The ancient centre",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
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"chunk_id": "10090133",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nand the Espace des Sciences science centre with a planetarium. At Place Honoré Commeurec is Les Halles Centrales, a covered market from 1922, with one part converted into contemporary art gallery. The Mercure Hotel is located in a restored building on Rue du Pré-Botté, which was the prior location of Ouest-Éclair, and then of Ouest-France, a premier daily regional newspaper. There are large mills at Rue Duhamel, constructed on each side of the south branch of the Vilaine in 1895 and 1902. To the northwest of Rennes, near Rue de Saint-Malo are the locks of the Canal d'Ille-et-Rance of 1843.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "5299574",
"chunk_text": "\"Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes\"\nMuseum of Fine Arts of Rennes The Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes ( \"\"Musée des beaux-arts de Rennes\"\") is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Rennes, the capital of Brittany. Its collections range from ancient Egypt antiquities to the Modern art period and make the museum one of the most important in France outside Paris, notably for its paintings and drawings holdings. The museum was established in 1794 during the French Revolution like most of the main French museums. Its first collections were the confiscated artworks of the churches and public buildings of Rennes.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_text": "\"Rennes Cathedral\"\nchoir, and it was decided, before the entire body of the cathedral collapsed, to demolish all these parts and rebuild them. The demolition was carried out between 1756 and 1768, leaving only the towers and west front standing. Rebuilding began in 1787, shortly after which the French Revolution began and all work was suspended. It did not recommence until 1816, initially under the supervision of the architect Mathurin Crucy. He died in 1826; the work was continued under the local architect Louis Richelot, and finished in 1845. The original decoration was in a plain neo-classical style, but during the 19th",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_id": "10090131",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nchapel, now the tourism office and a museum about the historical development of Rennes and the Basilica Saint-Sauveur Built from the 3rd to the 12th centuries, the ramparts were largely destroyed between the beginning of the 16th century and the 1860s. Place Saint-Anne (Plasenn Santez-Anna) South-western, \"\"La Rue Saint-Michel\"\" nicknamed \"\"Rue de La Soif\"\" (\"\"Road of Thirst\"\") because there are bars all along this street. South-eastern, the Champ-Jacquet square, with Renaissance buildings and a statue of mayor Jean Leperdit ripping up a conscription list. Area of Saint-Melaine square Jardin botanique du Thabor (formal French garden, orangerie, rose garden, aviary) a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "6387464",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nafter Toulouse and before Montpellier, Bordeaux and Nantes. The inhabitants of Rennes are called \"\"Rennais\"\" in French. Rennes is classified as a city of art and history. The historic centre is located on the former plan of the ramparts. There is a difference between the northern city centre and the southern city centre due to the 1720 fire, which destroyed most of the timber framed houses in the northern part of the city. The rebuilding was done in stone, on a grid plan. The southern part, the poorest at this time, was not rebuilt. Due to the presence of the",
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "10090134",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nThere are two halls of the printer, Oberthür, built by Marthenot between 1870 and 1895 on Rue de Paris in the eastern part of the city. Oberthür Park is the second biggest garden in the city. The 17th century manor of Haute-Chalais, a granite château, is situated to the south of the city in Blosne Quarter (Bréquigny). Parc du Thabor contains a compact but significant botanical garden, the Jardin botanique du Thabor. The University of Rennes 1, with a campus in the city's eastern section, also contains a botanical garden and collections (the Jardin botanique de l'Université de Rennes). Local",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "6387460",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nhistoric province of Brittany of the Kingdom of France. Since the 1950s, Rennes has grown in importance through rural flight and its modern industrial development, partly automotive. The city developed extensive building plans to accommodate upwards of 200,000 inhabitants. During the 1980s, Rennes became one of the main centres in telecommunication and high technology industry. It is now a significant digital innovation centre in France. In 2015, the city was the tenth largest in France, with a metropolitan area of about 720,000 inhabitants. With more than 66,000 students in 2016, it is also the eighth-largest university campus of France. The",
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "15363774",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes-le-Château\"\nRennes-le-Château Rennes-le-Château () is a small commune approximately 5 km (3 miles) south of Couiza, in the Aude department in Languedoc in southern France. This small French hilltop village is known internationally, and receives tens of thousands of visitors per year, because of various conspiracy theories, about an alleged buried treasure discovered by its 19th-century priest Bérenger Saunière, the precise nature of which is disputed by those who believe in its existence. Mountains frame both ends of the region—the Cevennes to the northeast and the Pyrenees to the south. The area is known for beautiful scenery, with jagged ridges, deep",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_id": "5773254",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes Cathedral\"\nthe first Bishop of Rennes, buried here in the 6th century. The present buildings were constructed in the 17th century, and were badly damaged during World War II. Rennes Cathedral Rennes Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Rennes, France. It has been a monument historique since 1906. The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Peter, is the seat of the Archbishop of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo, previously Bishop of Rennes. The site has been used for a cathedral more or less from the beginnings of the see in the 6th century. The earliest building was completely",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "5773250",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes Cathedral\"\ntowers in four stages was constructed over the next two centuries or so, with long gaps between the different stages: the lowest level was built between 1541 and 1543, the second from 1640 to 1654 (by Tugal Caris), and the fourth (by Pierre Corbineau) from 1654 to 1678. Yet another architect, François Hoguet, completed the towers, between 1679 and 1704, at their present height of 48 metres and added the device of Louis XVI between them. The nave and choir however had not been restored. During vespers on 11 February 1754 a great stone fell from the roof of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "10090138",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nFrance (800,000 daily copies) and Samsic Service (cleanliness, industrial safety, job search, etc.). Rennes is known to be one of the most festive cities of France. It invests heavily in arts and culture and a number of its festivals (such as the music festival \"\"Les Transmusicales\"\", \"\"Les Tombées de la Nuit\"\", \"\"Mythos\"\", Stunfest (fighting game competition) and \"\"Travelling (a cinematic festival)\"\") are well known throughout France. During the 80's, Rennes was often cited as the French town of rock and new wave music. Rennes is well equipped in musical facilities: There are also five museums in Rennes: In addition to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "9499617",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Rennes\"\nbrought Brittany into the French kingdom. Anne zealously guarded Brittany's autonomy and the treaty promised that justice would continue to be dispensed according to practices, usages and customs maintained and observed heretofore. Furthermore, he promised the continuation of the Parlement of Brittany which met in February–April 1493, September 1494 and September 1495. In 1720, a major fire destroyed all timber framing houses in the northern part of the city. The rebuilding was made of stone, on a grid plan. In 1857, Rennes railway station was built, which gradually led to the southward sprawl of the town. In 1899, Alfred Dreyfus'",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "6387463",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nthan in the western parts of Brittany, reaching only half of the levels of, e.g., the city of Quimper, which makes rainfall in Rennes comparable to the levels of larger parts of western Germany. Sunshine hours range between 1,700 and 1,850 annually, which is about the amount of sunshine received by the city of Lausanne. In 2018, the inner population of the city was of 221,272 inhabitants, the Rennes intercommunal structure connecting Rennes with 42 nearby suburbs (named Rennes Métropole) counted 450,593 inhabitants and the metropolitan area counted over 720,000 inhabitants. Rennes has the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in France",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "10090135",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\neconomy include car manufacturing, telecommunications, digital sector and agrofood. The ITC firm Orange (ex-France Telecom) is the largest private employer with 4,800 people. PSA Peugeot Citroën, is the second largest private employer in the metropolitan area of Rennes, with 4,000 people. PSA opened a manufacturing plant at La Janais in Chartres-de-Bretagne in 1961. Technicolor, one of the biggest firms in TV and cinema broadcasting in the world employs over 500 people. In a few years, Rennes became one of the main centres in high technology industry and digital. The city hosts one of the first Technopoles established in France: Rennes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "6387488",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nRome-Fiumicino, Southampton, Dublin, Exeter, Manchester, Amsterdam Schiphol, Madrid Barajas, Birmingham, London-City, London-Gatwick</small> and daily flights to London Southend Airport with Flybe. Rennes is twinned with: \"\"(These twinned towns save one are inscribed on the bridge over the central canal of Rennes)\"\" Within France Pacts of cooperation Sponsorship Rennes also has the only Institut Franco-Américain in France. Rennes Rennes (; , ; Gallo: \"\"Resnn\"\"; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department. Rennes's",
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"chunk_id": "7194432",
"chunk_text": "\"Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes\"\nArtworks in this section include drawings by Filippo Lippi, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Donatello, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Michelangelo, Giovanni Bellini, Albrecht Dürer, Corregio, Pontormo, Giulio Romano, Parmigianino, Nicolo dell'Abbate, Federico Barocci, Rubens, Pietro da Cortona, Simon Vouet, Pierre Puget, Rembrandt, Salvator Rosa, Antoine Watteau, Sebastiano Ricci, Pierre Bonnard, Maurice Denis, Édouard Vuillard and Pablo Picasso. Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes The Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes ( \"\"Musée des beaux-arts de Rennes\"\") is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Rennes, the capital of Brittany. Its collections range from ancient Egypt antiquities to the Modern",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "5909222",
"chunk_text": "Montparnasse\nMontparnasse Montparnasse ()( ) is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred at the crossroads of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes, between the Rue de Rennes and boulevard Raspail. Montparnasse has been part of Paris . The area also gives its name to: The Pasteur Institute is located in the area. Beneath the ground are tunnels of the Catacombs of Paris. Students in the 17th century who came to recite poetry in the hilly neighbourhood nicknamed it after \"\"Mount Parnassus\"\", home to the nine Muses of arts and sciences",
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "6387485",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\ndesigned by architect Norman Foster (La Poterie station). A second light metro line is being planned, it should be operational by 2019, and the construction began in 2014. Rennes provides other modes of local transport: a bike sharing system with 900 bicycles (named ). Rennes created the first system of modern French bike sharing (1998). The city is an important hub of Brittany's motorway network and is surrounded by a ring road: the Rocade (national road 136). The construction of the bypass was started in 1968 and completed in 1999. It is 31 km (18.5 mi) long, it has 2",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "5927445",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes (Paris Métro)\"\nRennes (Paris Métro) Rennes () is a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 6th arrondissement. Located in the 6th arrondissement, part of the Left Bank of the city, Rennes is one of a number of Line 12 stations underneath Boulevard Raspail, in this case at its intersection with Rue de Rennes. It is from this street that it takes its name, in turn named after the city of Rennes. The station opened on 5 November 1910 as part of the original section of the Nord-Sud Company's line A between Porte de Versailles and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. On 27",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "10090141",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nnumber of pupils enrolled in these schools is steadily growing. Specialties from Rennes include: Many other Breton specialties (seafood, milk, vegetables, cheese, meat) are seen at the Marché des Lices, a weekly market held every Saturday morning (one of the most important markets in France). The Rennes agglomeration has a large student population (around 63,000). The city has two main universities; \"\"Université de Rennes 1\"\", which offers courses in science, technology, medicine, philosophy, law, management and economics and \"\"Université Rennes 2\"\", which has courses in the arts, literature, languages, communication, human and social sciences and sport. The official website of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "8117753",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes-le-Château\"\npillared arcades on the north side of the apse. This survived in poor repair until the 19th century, when it was renovated by the local priest, Bérenger Saunière. Surviving receipts and existing account books belonging to Saunière reveal that the renovation of the church, including works on the presbytery and cemetery, cost 11,605 Francs over a ten-year period between 1887 and 1897. One of the new elements was the Latin inscription \"\"Terribilis est locus iste\"\" above the front doors, taken from the Common Dedication of a Church, which translates as: \"\"This is a place of awe\"\"; the rest of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8755455",
"chunk_text": "\"Tourism in France\"\nhosts some of the world's most recognizable landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, which is the most-visited paid monument in the world, the Arc de Triomphe, the cathedral of Notre-Dame, or the Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre. The Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, located in Parc de la Villette, is the biggest science museum in Europe. Near Paris are located the Palace of Versailles, the former palace of the Kings of France, now a museum, and the medieval village of Provins. Both attractions are protected as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. With more than 10 million tourists a year, the French Riviera",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "6387486",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nlanes each way (sometimes 3 lanes) and toll free. Many other expressways are connected to the Rennes ring road for local and regional service. By road, Saint-Malo can be reached in 45 minutes, Nantes in 1 hour, Brest in 2 hours and 30 minutes, Paris in 4 hours, Bordeaux in 5 hours and Bruxelles in 6 hours and 30 minutes. Rennes has a major French railway station, the Gare de Rennes, opened in 1857. Since July 2, 2017, it is now one hour twenty seven minutes by TGV high speed train from Paris ( after the extension of the High",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "15363802",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes-le-Château\"\ninto manure as soon as a human being touches it, it remains impalpable. It can only exist as long as it remains on the distinctive level of the dream, between the real and the imaginary.\"\" Category;Castles in Aude Rennes-le-Château Rennes-le-Château () is a small commune approximately 5 km (3 miles) south of Couiza, in the Aude department in Languedoc in southern France. This small French hilltop village is known internationally, and receives tens of thousands of visitors per year, because of various conspiracy theories, about an alleged buried treasure discovered by its 19th-century priest Bérenger Saunière, the precise nature of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
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"chunk_id": "20052406",
"chunk_text": "Angers\nthe streets around the castle. The city also displays several Renaissance and classical hôtels particuliers, the most renowned being the \"\"Logis Pincé\"\" from the 16th century. The \"\"Maison bleue\"\" (\"\"Blue House\"\"), built in 1927, is an Art Deco masterpiece. The former seat of the French Aviation Company () was built in 1938 and abandoned during the Second World War. Totally refurbished in 2004, it is now a testimony to 1930s architecture. The Saint-Maurice cathedral is a major landmark in the cityscape, with its two spires culminating at . The construction of the current building started during the 12th century on",
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},
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"chunk_id": "9935306",
"chunk_text": "Brittany\nwhich displays an elaborately decorated church surrounded by an entirely walled churchyard. Many villages still have their closes, they date from the 16th and 17th centuries and sometimes include an elaborately carved calvary sculpture. During the 17th and the 18th centuries, the main seaports and towns obtained a typical French look, with baroque and neoclassical buildings. Nantes, which was at the time the biggest French harbour, received a theatre, large avenues and quays, and Rennes was redesigned after a fire in 1720. At the same period, the wealthy ship-owners from Saint-Malo built many mansions called \"\"Malouinières\"\" around their town. Along",
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"chunk_text": "\"Rennes-le-Château\"\nto the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene; a similar subject matter can be seen in the Saint Vincent Collegiate church in Montréal, a short distance from Rennes-le-Château. The new figures and statues were not made especially for this church, but were chosen by Saunière from a catalogue published by Giscard, sculptor and painter in Toulouse who, among other things, offered statues and sculptures for church refurbishment. Saunière also funded the construction of the Tour Magdala, a tower-like structure originally named the Tour de L'horloge and later renamed after Saint Mary Magdalene. Saunière used it as his library. The structure includes",
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Rennes\"\nto accommodate upwards of 220,000 inhabitants, helping it become the second fastest-growing city in France, after Toulouse (1999 census). History of Rennes Rennes, France, is the administrative capital of the French department of Ille-et-Vilaine. Before the French Revolution, prior to the integration of the Duchy of Brittany into the Kingdom of France, Rennes was the capital of the duchy, with the other historical capitals of Brittany's Ducal period being Nantes and Vannes. It has a long history due to its location at the confluence of two rivers and its proximity to the bordering regions from which arose various challenges to",
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"chunk_id": "16912493",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Rennes\"\nHistory of Rennes Rennes, France, is the administrative capital of the French department of Ille-et-Vilaine. Before the French Revolution, prior to the integration of the Duchy of Brittany into the Kingdom of France, Rennes was the capital of the duchy, with the other historical capitals of Brittany's Ducal period being Nantes and Vannes. It has a long history due to its location at the confluence of two rivers and its proximity to the bordering regions from which arose various challenges to the borders of Brittany. By the 2nd century BC the Gallic tribe known as the Redones had occupied a",
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_text": "\"Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume\"\nimportant impressionist works now housed in the Musée d'Orsay. Widely considered as the \"\"most famous museum of impressionist painting in the world\"\", the rooms bore names such as Salle Degas, Salle Cézanne, or Salle Monet. From 1989, as part of the Grands Projets of François Mitterrand, the building underwent a $10 million renovation by architect Antoine Stinco, resulting in about 12,700 square feet of exhibition space spread across three floors. The formerly walled-in reception hall was transformed into an atrium-like open area flooded with natural light from large bay windows, allowing views of the neighboring Tuileries Gardens, Place de la",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "4905872",
"chunk_text": "\"Hôtel de Blossac\"\nHôtel de Blossac The Hôtel de Blossac is an 18th-century \"\"\"\" in the historic center of Rennes, Brittany. The building, which has two main wings, was constructed in 1728. (A fire in 1720 had destroyed much of the city of Rennes.) The architect is said to have been Jacques Gabriel. The building has a unique classical architecture for Brittany, including its size, the assembly of several architectural components, and its grand staircase. Property of the La Bourdonnaye family, earls of Blossac, for nearly two centuries, it was leased by the city as the residence of the commander in chief of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "8117754",
"chunk_text": "\"Rennes-le-Château\"\ndedication reads \"\"this is God's house, the gate of heaven, and it shall be called the royal court of God.\"\" The first part of the dedication is above the front doors—the rest inscribed on the arches over the two front doors of the church. Inside the church, one of the added figures was of a devil holding up the holy water stoup. Its original head was stolen in 1996 and has never been recovered. A devil like figure holding up the holy water stoup is a rare and unusual choice for the interior decoration of a Church but not exclusive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5193617",
"chunk_text": "\"University of Rennes 1\"\nBAC +3 level. The Saint-Malo University Institute of Technology delivers two types of degrees: the University Technology Diplomas and Professional Licenses. Most of the article was translated from the University of Rennes 1 The University of Rennes 1 is one of the two main universities in the city of Rennes, France. It is under the Academy of Rennes. It specializes in science, technology, law, economy, management and philosophy. The University of Rennes 1 has been in existence since 1969, but its heritage stems back to the days of the Breton University founded in 1461. There are currently about students enrolled,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_text": "\"Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes\"\nHowever the majority of the present holdings come from the private collection of Christophe-Paul de Robien (1698–1756), a president of the Parlement de Bretagne, which was at the time of the Revolution one of the largest of its kind in Europe. It comprised drawings, prints, paintings, antiques and sculptures. The museum's collections continued to expand during the 19th and the 20th centuries thanks to donations and acquisitions. The building housing the museum was built between in 1847 and 1855 but it is only since 1911 that it is entirely devoted to the museum's collections. The building and the exposition rooms",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "13524193",
"chunk_text": "Tours\nlocated between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called \"\"Ardoise\"\") roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have terracotta roofs . Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called \"\"le Vieux Tours\"\". Unique to the Old City are its preserved half-timbered buildings and \"\"la Place Plumereau\"\", a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the Rue Nationale at the Place",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "19290233",
"chunk_text": "\"University of Rennes 1\"\nUniversity of Rennes 1 The University of Rennes 1 is one of the two main universities in the city of Rennes, France. It is under the Academy of Rennes. It specializes in science, technology, law, economy, management and philosophy. The University of Rennes 1 has been in existence since 1969, but its heritage stems back to the days of the Breton University founded in 1461. There are currently about students enrolled, with about members of teaching staff and other staff members employed by the university. Asked by Francis II, Duke of Brittany, the Pope created the first university of Brittany",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "16912499",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Rennes\"\na church having occupied the site of the current Rennes Cathedral since the start of the 6th century. One of the earliest bishops of Rennes, Melaine - who would become the city's patron saint - played an important role in the peace treaty between the Franks and the Armoricans in 497. He famously declared \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" (\"\"Peace must be made between Christians\"\"). From the 5th century, Bretons occupied the western part of the Armorican peninsula, which was resultantly known as Brittany (i.e. Little Britain), while the Franks took the rest of Armorica. To contain the expansion and avoid Breton incursions, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "1075358",
"chunk_text": "Saint-Renan\nsix artificial lakes are part of the industrial heritage of the city, which nickname was \"\"the European capital of pewter\"\" in the 60s. The two largest ones, named \"\"Ty Colo\"\" and \"\"Comiren\"\" are perfect places for long relaxing walks. The church of the XVII century has undergone several transformations over time. Built on top of a hill, its bell tower is visible from a large part of the city. The churchyard contains a military area dedicated to the British aviators from the Royal Air Force who died for freedom and for France during the World War II. In 2016, 14%",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "11504743",
"chunk_text": "\"Renzo Piano\"\nliterally it turned architecture inside-out, since in the new museum, the apparent structural frame of the building and the heating and air conditioning ducts were on the exterior, painted in bright colors. The escalator, in a transparent tube, crossed the facade of the building at a diagonal. The building was an astonishing success, entirely transforming the character a run-down commercial section near the Marais in Paris, and made Piano one of the best-known architects in the world. The media dubbed the style of the building as \"\"high-tech\"\", but this was later disputed by Piano. \"\"Beaubourg,\"\" he said, \"\"was a joyous",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"University of Rennes 1\"\nand the faculty of letter were thus relocated in 1909 in the Séminaire, located currently in the Place Hoche. In 1969, in order to enforce the growth of French universities, a law was passed, splitting the University of Rennes into two new entities. This new university took the name of 'University of Rennes 1'. Most of the university's 1.64 km² of grounds lie within the city boundary of Rennes, but it has other sites dotted around Brittany. The three main campuses are in Beaulieu (in the east of Rennes), Villejean (in the north-west of Rennes) and a central campus. Situated",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "10090144",
"chunk_text": "Rennes\nSchool Year Abroad, in which students are immersed in French culture through five classes in the language and a nine-month home stay. The \"\"École Compleméntaire Japonaise de Rennes\"\" (レンヌ補習授業校 \"\"Rennu Hoshū Jugyō Kō\"\"), a part-time Japanese supplementary school, is held in the \"\"Collège Anne de Bretagne\"\" in Rennes. Rennes has well-developed national road, rail and air links. Local transport is based primarily on an extensive bus network (65 lines) and a light metro line that was inaugurated in March 2002 and cost €500 million to build. The driverless Rennes Metro (VAL) is in length and has 15 stations, including one",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3674304",
"chunk_text": "\"Uzès\"\n16th century. The town is also homes to three feudal towers, the Bermonde Tower (part of the \"\"château du Duché\"\"), the Bishop Tower and the Royal Tower. Uzès Cathedral was destroyed in the Albigensian Crusade, rebuilt, and destroyed again in the 16th century Wars of Religion. Rebuilt again in the 17th century, it was stripped out during the French Revolution. The 11th century Romanesque \"\"Tour Fenestrelle\"\" (\"\"Window Tower\"\"), with its paired windows, is probably the most famous icon of the city. It was listed as a French Historical Monument in 1862. Uzès is famous in the area for its Saturday",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19800708",
"chunk_text": "\"Siege of Rennes (1356–57)\"\nthe sappers before setting on fire the beams that supported the gallery. Alain Bouchart, in his \"\"Great Chronicles of Brittany\"\", places the site of the counter-mine inside the church of Saint-Sauveur just under the crucifix. A later legend asserts that the statue of the Virgin and Child, situated in a chapel of the church, miraculously came to life and showed with its finger where they need to dig. A cult of this statue then developed, called Notre-Dame of the Miracles and Virtues. An even more famous episode in this siege involved a herd of pigs (2000 to 4000 according to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5193615",
"chunk_text": "\"University of Rennes 1\"\nin the north-east of the city, the Beaulieu campus is a large complex that was still in development in 1969. Beaulieu is the home of more than a dozen science buildings (for the Faculties of mathematics, physics, biology and other schools such as the INSA) and one of philosophy. The sports facilities and the students' entertainment building are also located there. In the north-west, the Villejean campus gathers Rennes 2's Faculties of Foreign Languages, Arts, Human Sciences and Social Sciences. Rennes I University's Faculty of Medicine is located on the edge of this Villejean campus, nearby Brittany's largest hospital center,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_892
|
when did equus first appear in fossil record?
|
n/a
|
[
"1820s",
"~3.5 million years old",
"about 3.5 mya"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "677662",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\neach other both visually and vocally. Human activities have threatened wild equine populations. The word \"\"equus\"\" is Latin for \"\"horse\"\", and is cognate with the Greek ἵππος (\"\"hippos\"\"), \"\"horse\"\", and Mycenaean Greek \"\"i-qo\"\" /ikkʷos/, the earliest attested variant of the Greek word, written in Linear B syllabic script.; compare the alternative development of the Proto-Greek labiovelar in Ionic ἴκκος (\"\"ikkos\"\"). The genus \"\"Equus\"\" was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is the only recognized extant genus in the family Equidae. The first equids were small, dog-sized mammals (e.g. \"\"Eohippus\"\") adapted for browsing on shrubs during the Eocene, around",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "677664",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\nThe oldest material to date was found in Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"\"E. livenzovensis\"\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate that the most recent common ancestor of all modern equines (members of the genus \"\"Equus\"\") lived ~5.6 (3.9-7.8) Mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Mya for the most recent common ancestor within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Mya. Mitochondrial evidence supports the division of \"\"Equus\"\" species into noncaballoid (which includes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "1609537",
"chunk_text": "Equidae\nEquidae Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus \"\"Equus\"\". Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes the extant tapirs and rhinoceros, and several extinct families. The term equid refers to any member of this family, including any equine. The oldest known fossils assigned to Equidae date from the early Eocene, 54 million years ago. They used to be assigned to the genus \"\"Hyracotherium\"\", but the type species of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5994898",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\ngroup forms a protective front with the foals in the center and the stallion will rush at predators that come too close. In territory-holding species, mothers may gather into small groups and leave their young in \"\"kindergartens\"\" under the guard of a territorial male while searching for water. Grévy's zebra stallions may look after a foal in his territory to ensure that the mother stays, though it may not be his. The earliest archaeological evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from sites in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, dating to around 4000-3500 BC. By 3000 BC, the horse was completely",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
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"chunk_id": "677663",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\n54 million years ago (Mya). These animals had three toes on the hind feet and four on the front feet with small hooves in place of claws, but also had soft pads.<ref name=\"\"doi10.1126/science.1105458\"\"></ref> Equids developed into larger, three-toed animals (e.g. \"\"Mesohippus\"\") during the Oligocene and Miocene. From there, the side toes became progressively smaller through the Pleistocene until the emergence of the single-toed \"\"Equus\"\". The genus \"\"Equus\"\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"\"Dinohippus\"\", via the intermediate form \"\"Plesippus\"\". One of the oldest species is \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-like head shape.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "677660",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\nEquus (genus) Equus is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Within Equidae, \"\"Equus\"\" is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses. Like Equidae more broadly, \"\"Equus\"\" has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus most likely originated in North America and spread quickly to the Old World. Equines are odd-toed ungulates with slender legs, long heads, relatively long necks, manes (erect in most subspecies), and long tails. All species are herbivorous, and mostly grazers, with simpler",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15119555",
"chunk_text": "Onager\nancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"\"Equus\"\") lived around 5.6 (3.9–7.8) million years ago (Mya). Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Mya for the most recent common ancestor within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Mya. The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus \"\"E. (Asinus)\"\", including the kulan, onager, and kiang), followed by the African zebras (subgenera \"\"E. (Dolichohippus)\"\", and \"\"E. (Hippotigris)\"\"). All other modern forms including the domesticated horse (and many fossil Pliocene and Pleistocene forms) belong to the subgenus \"\"E. (Equus)\"\" which",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5994899",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\ndomesticated, and by 2000 BC, a sharp increase occurred in the number of horse bones found in human settlements in northwestern Europe, indicating the spread of domesticated horses throughout the continent. The most recent, but most irrefutable, evidence of domestication comes from sites where horse remains were buried with chariots in graves of the Sintashta and Petrovka cultures c. 2100 BC. Studies of variation in genetic material shows that very few wild stallions, possibly all from a single haplotype, contributed to the domestic horse, while many mares were part of early domesticated herds. Przewalski's horse has been conclusively shown not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11929888",
"chunk_text": "Horse\nHorse The horse (\"\"Equus ferus caballus\"\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"\"Equus ferus\"\". It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"\"Eohippus\"\", into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies \"\"caballus\"\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "677685",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\nto be an ancestor of the domestic horse, though the two can hybridize and produce fertile offspring. The split between Przewalskii's horse and \"\"E. ferus caballus\"\" is estimated to have occurred 120,000– 240,000 years ago, long before domestication. Of the caballine equines of \"\"E. ferus,\"\" \"\"E. f. ferus,\"\" also known as the European wild horse or \"\"tarpan\"\", shares ancestry with the modern domestic horse. In addition, tarpans that lived into modern times may have been hybridized with domestic horses. Archaeological, biogeographical, and linguistic evidence suggests that the donkey was first domesticated by nomadic pastoral people in North Africa over 5,000",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19429810",
"chunk_text": "\"Horses in the United States\"\nanimals on the continent. Fossils of the earliest direct ancestor to the modern horse, \"\"Eohippus\"\" have been found in the Eocene layers of North American strata, mainly in the Wind River basin in Wyoming. Fossils found at the Hagerman Fossil Beds in Idaho, called the Hagerman horse or \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\" are from the Pliocene, dating to about 3.5 million years ago (mya). Paleontologists determined the fossils represented the oldest remains of the genus \"\"Equus\"\". The genus \"\"Equus\"\", which includes all extant equines, was plentiful in North America and spread into the Old World by about 2.5 mya. A 2005 genetic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16857919",
"chunk_text": "Kiang\nthe end of the tail, which ends in a tuft of blackish brown hairs. The genus \"\"Equus\"\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"\"Dinohippus\"\", via the intermediate form \"\"Plesippus\"\". One of the oldest species is \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"\"Equus livenzovensis\"\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18585528",
"chunk_text": "Orohippus\nOrohippus Orohippus (Gr., \"\"mountain horse\"\") is an extinct equid that lived in the Eocene (about 50 million years ago). It is believed to have evolved from equids such as \"\"Eohippus\"\", as the earliest evidence for \"\"Orohippus\"\" appears about 2 million years after the first appearance of \"\"Eohippus\"\". The anatomical differences between the two are slight: they were the same size, but \"\"Orohippus\"\" had a slimmer body, a more elongated head, slimmer forelimbs and longer hind legs, all of which are characteristics of a good jumper. Its teeth were brachydont in height, but the development of flattened surfaces and shearing lophs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3786352",
"chunk_text": "\"African wild ass\"\ncommon ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"\"Equus\"\") lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Myr before present date for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Myr BP. The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus \"\"E. (Asinus)\"\", including the kulan, onager, and kiang), followed by the African zebras (subgenera \"\"E. (Dolichohippus)\"\", and \"\"E. (Hippotigris)\"\"). All other modern forms including the domesticated horse (and many fossil Pliocene and Pleistocene forms) belong to the subgenus \"\"E.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7611324",
"chunk_text": "Horse\nknown informally as splint bones. Their legs also lengthened as their toes disappeared until they were a hooved animal capable of running at great speed. By about 5 million years ago, the modern \"\"Equus\"\" had evolved. Equid teeth also evolved from browsing on soft, tropical plants to adapt to browsing of drier plant material, then to grazing of tougher plains grasses. Thus proto-horses changed from leaf-eating forest-dwellers to grass-eating inhabitants of semi-arid regions worldwide, including the steppes of Eurasia and the Great Plains of North America. By about 15,000 years ago, \"\"Equus ferus\"\" was a widespread holarctic species. Horse bones",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "677665",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\nzebras and asses) and caballoids or \"\"true horses\"\" (which includes \"\"E. ferus\"\" and \"\"E. przewalskii\"\"). Of the extant equine species, the lineage of the asses may have diverged first, possibly as soon as \"\"Equus\"\" reached the Old World. Zebras appear to be monophyletic and differentiated in Africa, where they are endemic. Molecular dating indicates the caballoid lineage diverged from the noncaballoids 4 Mya. Genetic results suggest that all North American fossils of caballine equines, as well as South American fossils traditionally placed in the subgenus \"\"E.\"\" (\"\"Amerhippus\"\"), belong to \"\"E. ferus\"\". Remains attributed to a variety of species and lumped",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7280329",
"chunk_text": "Astrohippus\nAstrohippus Astrohippus is an extinct member of the Equidae tribe Equini, the same tribe that contains the only living equid genus, \"\"Equus\"\". Fossil remains have been found in the central United States, Florida, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Jalisco, and Guanajuato. The fossils date in time from the oldest dating from the Barstovian in the Miocene to the youngest dating in the Hemphillian faunal stage of the early Pliocene. Based on study of the tooth morphology it is considered unlikely that \"\"Astrohippus\"\" could be an ancestor of modern horses, with the most likely ancestor of \"\"Astrohippus\"\" being \"\"Pliohippus\"\". The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728402",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nEvolution of the horse The evolution of the horse, a mammal of the family Equidae, occurred over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dog-sized, forest-dwelling \"\"Eohippus\"\" into the modern horse. Paleozoologists have been able to piece together a more complete outline of the evolutionary lineage of the modern horse than of any other animal. Much of this evolution took place in North America, where horses originated but became extinct about 10,000 years ago. The horse belongs to the order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), the members of which all share hooved feet and an odd number of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9458995",
"chunk_text": "Eohippus\nEohippus Eohippus is an extinct genus of small equid ungulates. The only species is \"\"E. angustidens\"\", which was long considered a species of \"\"Hyracotherium\"\". Its remains have been identified in North America and date to the Early Eocene (Ypresian) stage. In 1876, Othniel C. Marsh described a skeleton as \"\"Eohippus validus\"\", from the Greek ἠώς (eōs, \"\"dawn\"\") and ἵππος (hippos, \"\"horse\"\"), meaning \"\"dawn horse\"\". Its similarities with fossils described by Richard Owen were formally pointed out in a 1932 paper by Sir Clive Forster Cooper. \"\"E. validus\"\" was moved to the genus \"\"Hyracotherium\"\", which had priority as the name for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5185538",
"chunk_text": "\"European ass\"\nEuropean ass The European ass \"\"(Equus hydruntinus)\"\" is an extinct equine from the middle and late Pleistocene of Eurasia. It appeared first in the fossil report 300,000 years before present and did not disappear until Holocene times. In the late Pleistocene it was widespread throughout much of western Eurasia from the Middle East to Europe, especially along the Mediterranean, with fossil reports from Sicily, Turkey, Spain, France and Portugal. In the east the range apparently stretched at least to the Volga and to Iran. In the north it reached almost to the North Sea in Germany. It is possible that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3221236",
"chunk_text": "Equidae\nnew species appearing. By this time, equids were more truly horse-like, having developed the typical body shape of the modern animals. Many of these species bore the main weight of their bodies on their central, third, toe, with the others becoming reduced, and barely touching the ground, if at all. The sole surviving genus, \"\"Equus\"\", had evolved by the early Pleistocene, and spread rapidly through the world. Equidae Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728407",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\n\"\"Beagle\"\" survey expedition, the young naturalist Charles Darwin had remarkable success with fossil hunting in Patagonia. On 10 October 1833, at Santa Fe, Argentina, he was \"\"filled with astonishment\"\" when he found a horse's tooth in the same stratum as fossil giant armadillos, and wondered if it might have been washed down from a later layer, but concluded this was \"\"not very probable\"\". After the expedition returned in 1836, the anatomist Richard Owen confirmed the tooth was from an extinct species, which he subsequently named \"\"Equus curvidens\"\", and remarked, \"\"This evidence of the former existence of a genus, which, as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5740262",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus scotti\"\nAmericas until the reintroduction of the horse approximately 10,000 years later, when conquistadors brought modern horses to North and South America around the 16th century. Paleontological excavations have identified the locations of numerous places where \"\"E. scotti\"\" occurred. The species was named from Rock Creek, Texas, United States, where multiple skeletons were recovered. A closely related fossil find was made of \"\"Equus bautistensis\"\" in California; this species appeared closely related, but of a slightly more primitive form than \"\"E. scotti\"\". However, \"\"E. bautistensis\"\" was redefined as a junior synonym of \"\"E. scotti\"\" in 1998 by paleontologist E. Scott, who also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3786351",
"chunk_text": "\"African wild ass\"\nlarge with black margins. The tail terminates with a black brush. The hooves are slender and approximately of the diameter as the legs. The genus \"\"Equus\"\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"\"Dinohippus\"\", via the intermediate form \"\"Plesippus\"\". One of the oldest species is \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"\"Equus livenzovensis\"\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728429",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\n\"\"Astrohippus\"\". \"\"Dinohippus\"\" was the most common species of Equidae in North America during the late Pliocene. It was originally thought to be monodactyl, but a 1981 fossil find in Nebraska shows some were tridactyl. \"\"Plesippus\"\" is often considered an intermediate stage between \"\"Dinohippus\"\" and the extant genus, \"\"Equus\"\". The famous fossils found near Hagerman, Idaho were originally thought to be a part of the genus \"\"Plesippus\"\". Hagerman Fossil Beds (Idaho) is a Pliocene site, dating to about 3.5 mya. The fossilized remains were originally called \"\"Plesippus shoshonensis\"\", but further study by paleontologists determined the fossils represented the oldest remains of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728413",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nin Europe and were about the size of a sheep, with tails making slightly less than half of the length of their bodies and unlike their ancestors, good running skills for eluding predators. \"\"Eohippus\"\" appeared in the Ypresian (early Eocene), about 52 mya (million years ago). It was an animal approximately the size of a fox (250–450 mm in height), with a relatively short head and neck and a springy, arched back. It had 44 low-crowned teeth, in the typical arrangement of an omnivorous, browsing mammal: three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and three molars on each side of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728416",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nfruits and foliage to one focused increasingly on browsing foods. During the Eocene, an \"\"Eohippus\"\" species (most likely \"\"Eohippus angustidens\"\") branched out into various new types of Equidae. Thousands of complete, fossilized skeletons of these animals have been found in the Eocene layers of North American strata, mainly in the Wind River basin in Wyoming. Similar fossils have also been discovered in Europe, such as \"\"Propalaeotherium\"\" (which is not considered ancestral to the modern horse). Approximately 50 million years ago, in the early-to-middle Eocene, \"\"Eohippus\"\" smoothly transitioned into \"\"Orohippus\"\" through a gradual series of changes. Although its name means \"\"mountain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728431",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nyears old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"\"Equus livenzovensis\"\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"\"Equus\"\") lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Myr before present date for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Myr BP. The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus \"\"E. (Asinus)\"\", including the kulan,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5326172",
"chunk_text": "Mesohippus\nMesohippus Mesohippus (Greek: \"\"μεσο\"\"/\"\"meso\"\" meaning \"\"middle\"\" and \"\"ιππος\"\"/\"\"hippos\"\" meaning \"\"horse\"\") is an extinct genus of early horse. It lived some 30 to 40 million years ago from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene. Like many fossil horses, \"\"Mesohippus\"\" was common in North America. \"\"Mesohippus\"\" had longer legs than its predecessor \"\"Eohippus\"\" and stood about 60 cm (6 hands) tall. This equid is the first fully tridactyl horse in the evolutionary record, with the third digit being longer and larger than its second and fourth digits; Mesohippus had not developed a hoof at this point, rather it still had pads",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7611323",
"chunk_text": "Horse\nRhinocerotidae (the rhinoceroses)—have survived to the present day. The earliest known member of the family Equidae was the \"\"Hyracotherium\"\", which lived between 45 and 55 million years ago, during the Eocene period. It had 4 toes on each front foot, and 3 toes on each back foot. The extra toe on the front feet soon disappeared with the \"\"Mesohippus\"\", which lived 32 to 37 million years ago. Over time, the extra side toes shrank in size until they vanished. All that remains of them in modern horses is a set of small vestigial bones on the leg below the knee,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5740261",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus scotti\"\nEquus scotti Equus scotti (translated from Latin as Scott's horse, named after vertebrate paleontologist William Berryman Scott) is an extinct species of \"\"Equus\"\", the genus that includes the horse. \"\"E. scotti\"\" was native to North America and likely evolved from earlier, more zebra-like North American equids early in the Pleistocene Epoch. The species may have crossed from North America to Eurasia over the Bering land bridge during the Pleistocene. The species died out at the end of the last ice age in the large-scale Pleistocene extinction of megafauna. It was among the last of the native horse species in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15119554",
"chunk_text": "Onager\nwhite. Onagers are larger than donkeys at about in size and in head-body length. Male onagers are usually larger than females. The genus \"\"Equus\"\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"\"Dinohippus\"\" via the intermediate form \"\"Plesippus\"\". One of the oldest species is \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is about 3.5 million years old from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"\"Equus livenzovensis\"\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18165102",
"chunk_text": "Pliohippus\nPliohippus Pliohippus (Greek πλεῖον (pleion, \"\"more\"\") and ἵππος (ippos, \"\"horse\"\")) is an extinct genus of Equidae, the \"\"horse family\"\". \"\"Pliohippus\"\" arose in the middle Miocene, around 15 million years ago. It was similar in appearance to \"\"Equus\"\", but had two long extra toes on both sides of the hoof, externally barely visible as callused stubs. The long and slim limbs of \"\"Pliohippus\"\" reveal a quick-footed steppe animal. Until recently, because of its many anatomical similarities, \"\"Pliohippus\"\" was believed to be the ancestor of the present-day horse and its relatives in \"\"Equus\"\". Although \"\"Pliohippus\"\" clearly is an equid and thus related",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2936802",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus lambei\"\npriscus\"\"), woolly mammoths (\"\"Mammuthus primigenius\"\") and caribou (\"\"Rangifer tarandus\"\"), \"\"Equus lambei\"\" was one of the most common ice-age species known to occupy the steppe-like grasslands of Eastern Beringia. \"\"E. lambei\"\" can be identified by numerous teeth and bones, and one partial carcass discovered in 1993. This \"\"E. lambei\"\" carcass yielded a radiocarbon date of 26,280 ± 210 years BP. The carcass consisted of a large part of the hide, a few tailbones, one lower leg, and some intestine. The hide retained some long blondish mane and tail hairs, coarse whitish upper body hairs, and dark brown hairs on the lower",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728437",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nor more North American populations of \"\"E. ferus\"\" entered South America ~1.0–1.5 million years ago, leading to the forms currently known as \"\"E. (Amerhippus)\"\", which represent an extinct geographic variant or race of \"\"E. ferus\"\". In June 2013, a group of researchers announced that they had sequenced the DNA of a 560–780 thousand year old horse, using material extracted from a leg bone found buried in permafrost in Canada's Yukon territory. Before this publication, the oldest nuclear genome that had been successfully sequenced was dated at 110–130 thousand years ago. For comparison, the researchers also sequenced the genomes of a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "677689",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\nand pioneer spirit of the West\"\" under the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971, and in \"\"Kleppe v. New Mexico\"\", the United States Supreme Court ruled that the animals so designated were, as a matter of law, wildlife. Equus (genus) Equus is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Within Equidae, \"\"Equus\"\" is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses. Like Equidae more broadly, \"\"Equus\"\" has numerous extinct species known only from fossils. The genus most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "677666",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus (genus)\"\ntogether as New World stilt-legged horses (including \"\"E. francisci\"\", \"\"E. tau\"\", and \"\"E. quinni\"\") probably all belong to a second species that was endemic to North America. The possible causes of the extinction of horses in the Americas (about 12,000 years ago) have been a matter of debate. Hypotheses include climate change and overexploitation by newly arrived humans. Horses only returned to the American mainland with the arrival of the \"\"conquistadores\"\" in 1519. extinct species/subspecies are marked with † Equine species can crossbreed with each other. The most common hybrid is the mule, a cross between a male donkey and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5232119",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus conversidens\"\nEquus conversidens Equus conversidens (Owen 1869), or the Mexican horse, is a dubious Pleistocene species of horse, now extinct, that inhabited North America. The holotype of \"\"Equus conversidens\"\", a partial palate, was unearthed in Pleistocene deposits northeast of Mexico City, Mexico. In January 1963, a partial skeleton was found in the city of Canyon, Texas in a white clay bed during the excavation of a basement, and was referred to \"\"E. conversidens\"\" by Dalquest and Hughes (1965), who interpreted the species as medium to small-sized, and added additional records of the species from Texas (including a skeleton from Slaton), Arizona,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4210451",
"chunk_text": "Hyracotherium\nHyracotherium Hyracotherium ( ; \"\"hyrax-like beast\"\") is an extinct genus of very small (about 60 cm in length) perissodactyl ungulates that was found in the London Clay formation. This small, dog-sized animal was once considered to be the earliest known member of Equidae before the type species, \"\"H. leporinum\"\", was reclassified as a palaeothere, a perissodactyl family basal to both horses and brontotheres. The remaining species are now thought to belong to different genera, such as \"\"Eohippus\"\", which had previously been synonymised with \"\"Hyracotherium\"\". \"\"Hyracotherium\"\" averaged 78 cm (2.5 feet) in length and weighed about 9 kg (20 pounds). It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5740263",
"chunk_text": "\"Equus scotti\"\nassigned fossils from the Anza-Borrego Desert in California, tentatively interpreted to represent \"\"E. bautistensis\"\", to \"\"E. scotti\"\". One of the reported locations farthest south in the Americas is Pali Aike National Park in Chile. Equus scotti Equus scotti (translated from Latin as Scott's horse, named after vertebrate paleontologist William Berryman Scott) is an extinct species of \"\"Equus\"\", the genus that includes the horse. \"\"E. scotti\"\" was native to North America and likely evolved from earlier, more zebra-like North American equids early in the Pleistocene Epoch. The species may have crossed from North America to Eurasia over the Bering land bridge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728445",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nblack and spotted have been inferred from cave wall paintings and confirmed by genomic analysis. Domestication may have also led to more varieties of coat colors. Evolution of the horse The evolution of the horse, a mammal of the family Equidae, occurred over a geologic time scale of 50 million years, transforming the small, dog-sized, forest-dwelling \"\"Eohippus\"\" into the modern horse. Paleozoologists have been able to piece together a more complete outline of the evolutionary lineage of the modern horse than of any other animal. Much of this evolution took place in North America, where horses originated but became extinct",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728430",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nthe genus \"\"Equus\"\". Their estimated average weight was 425 kg, roughly the size of an Arabian horse. At the end of the Pliocene, the climate in North America began to cool significantly and most of the animals were forced to move south. One population of \"\"Plesippus\"\" moved across the Bering land bridge into Eurasia around 2.5 mya. The genus \"\"Equus\"\", which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from \"\"Dinohippus\"\", via the intermediate form \"\"Plesippus\"\". One of the oldest species is \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\", described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10009447",
"chunk_text": "\"Hagerman horse\"\nHagerman horse The Hagerman horse (\"\"Equus simplicidens\"\"), also called the Hagerman zebra or the American zebra, was a North American species of equid from the Pliocene epoch and the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the oldest horses of the genus \"\"Equus\"\" and was discovered in 1928 in Hagerman, Idaho. It is the state fossil of Idaho. The Hagerman horse was given the scientific name of \"\"Plesippus shoshonensis\"\" in 1930 by a Smithsonian paleontologist named James W. Gidley who led the initial excavations at Hagerman that same year. However further study by other paleontologists determined that fossils closely resembled fossils",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18319014",
"chunk_text": "Sifrhippus\nSifrhippus Sifrhippus is an extinct genus of equid containing the species \"\"S. sandrae\"\" and \"\"S. grangeri\"\". \"\"Sifrhippus\"\" is the oldest known equid, and its fossils come from the earliest moments of the Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. A 2012 study found \"\"Arenahippus\"\" to be synonymous with \"\"Sifrhippus\"\". \"\"Sifrhippus\"\" was a very small equid the size of a house cat, varying from , the size variance, according to one theory, depending on the warmth of the climate. \"\"Sifrhippus sandrae\"\" is referred to in earlier literature as \"\"Hyracotherium sandrae\"\", but Froehlich, arguing that the traditional genus \"\"Hyracotherium\"\" was not monophyletic, reassigned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18596661",
"chunk_text": "Hippidion\nHippidion Hippidion (meaning \"\"little horse\"\") is an extinct genus of horse that lived in South America from the Pliocene to the mid-Holocene, between two million and 8,000 years ago. \"\"Hippidion\"\" has been considered a descendant of pliohippines, horses that migrated into the South American continent around 2.5 million years ago. However, recent analysis of the DNA of \"\"Hippidion\"\" and other New World Pleistocene horses supports the novel hypothesis that \"\"Hippidion\"\" is actually a member of the living genus \"\"Equus\"\", with a particularly close relationship to the wild horse, \"\"Equus ferus\"\". \"\"Hippidion\"\" and other South American horses became extinct approximately 8,000",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6540993",
"chunk_text": "Donkey\nold from Idaho, USA. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged \"\"Equus livenzovensis\"\" documented from western Europe and Russia. Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus \"\"Equus\"\") lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Myr before present date for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Myr BP. The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus \"\"E. (Asinus)\"\", including the kulan, onager,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "349612",
"chunk_text": "\"Hagerman horse\"\nof a primitive horse from Texas named \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\", named by paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1892. Because of this similarity, the two forms were interpreted to be the same species, and since the name \"\"Equus simplicidens\"\" was the older name, it was retained following the taxonomic Principle of Priority. The Hagerman fossils represent some of the oldest widely accepted remains of the genus \"\"Equus\"\". A cattle rancher named Elmer Cook discovered some fossil bones on this land in Hagerman, Idaho. In 1928, he showed them to Dr. H. T. Stearns of the U.S. Geological Survey who then passed them",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6728409",
"chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the horse\"\nsame year, he visited Europe and was introduced by Owen to Darwin. The original sequence of species believed to have evolved into the horse was based on fossils discovered in North America in the 1870s by paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh. The sequence, from \"\"Eohippus\"\" to the modern horse (\"\"Equus\"\"), was popularized by Thomas Huxley and became one of the most widely known examples of a clear evolutionary progression. The horse's evolutionary lineage became a common feature of biology textbooks, and the sequence of transitional fossils was assembled by the American Museum of Natural History into an exhibit that emphasized the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12393728",
"chunk_text": "\"Domestication of the horse\"\nits tail\"\", and one image from his reign showed a man apparently riding a horse at full gallop. Horses were imported into Mesopotamia and the lowland Near East in larger numbers after 2000 BCE in connection with the beginning of chariot warfare. A further expansion, into the lowland Near East and northwestern China, also happened around 2000 BCE, again apparently in conjunction with the chariot. Although \"\"Equus\"\" bones of uncertain species are found in some Late Neolithic sites in China dated before 2000 BCE, \"\"Equus caballus\"\" or \"\"Equus ferus\"\" bones first appeared in multiple sites and in significant numbers in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5676637",
"chunk_text": "Equijubus\nEquijubus Equijubus (; \"\"Mǎzōng\"\" meaning \"\"horse mane\"\" after the area Mǎzōng Mountain 马鬃山 in which it was found), is a genus of herbivorous hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of northwestern China. The type (and only known) specimen was found in the summer of 2000 by a Chinese-American expedition in the Mazong (= \"\"horse mane\"\") Shan area of China's Gansu Province. In 2002 You Hialu in a dissertation named and described the species \"\"Equijubus normani\"\". The generic name is derived from Latin \"\"equus\"\", \"\"horse\"\", and \"\"juba\"\", \"\"mane\"\". The specific epithet \"\"normani\"\" is in honour of British palaeontologist David",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_893
|
where was percy jackson and the olympians filmed?
|
n/a
|
[
"Vancouver",
"Mission, British Columbia"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3167488",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\nto the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver. Portions of the film were shot at the Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee, that has a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens. The Lotus Casino sequence was filmed at The Westin Bayshore Hotel in Vancouver in June 2009, and additional scenes of Percy, Grover and Annabeth driving to and from the casino were shot on the Las Vegas Strip and in front of the Fremont Street Experience. Filming wrapped up on the morning of July 25, 2009,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson (film series)\"\nthe movie will film between April 26, 2012 - July 11, 2012 with scenes being filmed in Vancouver, B.C. and New Orleans, Louisiana. Filming wrapped up in July 2012, but then started again in January 2013 for reshoots. Filming was officially wrapped up on January 20, 2013. In June 2004, 20th Century Fox acquired feature film rights to the book. In April 2007, director Chris Columbus was hired to helm the project. Filming began in April 2009 in Vancouver. The film was released on February 12, 2010 and was met with mixed reviews upon release and was a commercial success",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\nin Mission, British Columbia. Additional exterior scenes were filmed on location in Brooklyn, New York during the first week of August 2009. Digital intermediate work began in San Francisco in November 2009. Christophe Beck composed the score. Columbus has stated that the cast was chosen specifically with sequels in mind. \"\"I think with Percy Jackson it was a matter of finding the right cast to fit into these roles, sort of the perfect cast for these roles, because hopefully, God willing, we will go on to do other Percy Jackson films and you want the cast to grow with their",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters\"\nthe movie. Shooting began in summer 2012. On October 12, 2011, it was announced that the film would be released on March 26, 2013. On April 6, it was announced that the movie was pushed up to August 7, 2013. On May 31, 2012, it was announced that the movie had been pushed back to August 16, 2013. On January 13, 2012, a brand new production list was released and stated that filming would take place between April 26, 2012 and July 11, 2012. It was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, and New Orleans, Louisiana, with the abandoned Six Flags",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters\"\non March 15, 2013, but in May 2012, the release date was postponed to August 16, 2013. In April 2013, a final release date was set for August 7, 2013. Filming took place in Robert Burnaby Park in Burnaby, B.C.; however from June 20 to July 22, they filmed in New Orleans for Princess Andromeda scenes, including the former site of Six Flags New Orleans. More filming took place in January 2013. On January 22, 2013, Logan Lerman released a statement on Twitter that read \"\"Last day of shooting on Percy Jackson 2\"\" accompanied by a photo of the shooting.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\n\"\"the reality of the tale\"\", claiming that \"\"monsters in the St. Louis Arch\"\" and \"\"the entrance to Olympus in New York\"\" were unimaginable, despite Riordan's explanations of why he chose these certain locations. However, studies show that overall, readers appreciated the mundane language, witty tone and aesthetic plot of the novels, as well as how it introduced Greek mythology to them. These films have been made from the books: Chris Columbus directed and produced \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\" for 20th Century Fox through 1492 Pictures. The film was released in 2010 in the United States, Canada",
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"chunk_text": "\"Logan Lerman\"\n\"\"captures the ease with which an angry teen will use a growing vocabulary to wound a parent\"\". In spring 2009, Lerman was cast in the lead role as Percy Jackson in \"\"\"\". The movie was filmed in 2009 in Vancouver, British Columbia, and was released in February 2010. Lerman has stated that he was not familiar with the book series when he received the script. During his teenage years, Lerman and his family had viewed his acting work as just a \"\"hobby\"\" before college; his parents had only become more comfortable with acting as a career in 2010, the year",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nnew avenue, dealing with mythological creatures in a contemporary setting.\"\" The second film in the series, \"\"Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters\"\", was released on August 7, 2013. Filming began in April 2012. Chris Columbus stated that there will not be a third movie any time soon. To accompany the film, a video game was produced. Michael Splechta gave it a 6/10, saying \"\"\"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" might not make a splash when it comes to movie tie-in games, but fans of turn-based combat might find some redeeming qualities in this otherwise bare-bones game.\"\" On January 12, 2017, \"\"A Series",
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"chunk_text": "Mythodea\nsetting was the ancient (6th century BC) Temple of Olympian Zeus in Athens, Greece, featured on the album and video covers. Vangelis commented on the selection of location in an interview: \"\"The record company wanted to promote this work and asked me 'where [...]?' and I thought that [...] Greece was really appropriate. And at the same time I had a proposition from the Minister of Culture [...] and this is what happened.\"\" The concert was filmed by a 20 members of camera crew, and taped for later broadcast on TV in November, and release on DVD. The budget was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson (film series)\"\nPercy Jackson (film series) Percy Jackson & the Olympians (also known as Percy Jackson) is an feature film series based on the novel series of the same name by the author Rick Riordan. The series is distributed by 20th Century Fox, produced by 1492 Pictures and currently consists of two installments. The first film, \"\"\"\" (2010), was directed by Chris Columbus, and was released on February 12, 2010. The second installment, \"\"\"\" (2013), was originally intended to be released in March 2013 but was instead pushed back to August 7, 2013, and was directed by Thor Freudenthal. The series has",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film series)\"\nShelby. All of the Games scenes were filmed on location. All of the Capitol scenes were filmed in a studio in Shelby and Charlotte, North Carolina. Principal photography for \"\"The Hunger Games: Catching Fire\"\" began on September 10, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia and concluded in April 2013. In November 2012, production moved to Hawaii to film the arena scenes. Filming took a Christmas break before filming resumed for two weeks in mid-January. In March 2013, the film went back to Hawaii for re-shoots. Atlanta was used for all the Capitol scenes, Hawaii for the arena scenes, and Oakland, New Jersey",
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"chunk_text": "\"Olympia, Greece\"\nOlympia, Greece Olympia (Greek: ; ; \"\"Olymbía\"\"), is a small town in Elis on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, famous for the nearby archaeological site of the same name, which was a major Panhellenic religious sanctuary of ancient Greece, where the ancient Olympic Games were held. The site was primarily dedicated to Zeus and drew visitors from all over the Greek world as one of a group of such \"\"Panhellenic\"\" centres which helped to build the identity of the ancient Greeks as a nation. Despite the name, it is nowhere near Mount Olympus in northern Greece, where the Twelve Olympians,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters\"\nNew Orleans also serving as a filming location. Filming wrapped up in July and then started again in January for reshoots. It wrapped up on January 22, 2013. Five official stills were released on March 21, 2013. On April 2, the trailer for the film was uploaded on YouTube. A teaser poster was released on April 16. A second trailer was released on May 29, 2013. A third international trailer was released on the June 25, 2013, on YouTube. Since July 19, three TV spots have been released known as \"\"Story\"\", \"\"Cast\"\" and \"\"Family\"\". A clip from the film was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\na quest to prevent it and chooses to bring Tyson, Percy, and Grover, even though it was traditional to bring only two companions on a quest, as explained by Chiron. While in the Labyrinth, Percy and Annabeth become separated from Grover and Tyson. They encounter Nico, who begins to forgive Percy. Percy and Annabeth arrive under Mount St. Helens. Percy accidentally causes St. Helens to erupt and washes ashore on Calypso's island, Ogygia. He returns to Camp Half-Blood, rather than staying with her, stating that \"\"she would always be his biggest 'what-if'\"\". Then he and Annabeth recruit a mortal girl,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Wrath of the Titans\"\nbehind the conversion was because he wants to shoot on film, which will give the film's imagery better texture than he would get shooting digitally. Principal photography began on March 23, 2011. Filming took place in studios outside London and later shot on location in Surrey, South Wales and in the Canary Islands on the island of Tenerife and Torres del Paine National Park in Chilean Patagonia. \"\"Wrath of the Titans\"\" premiered on Monday, March 26, 2012 at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater in New York City. \"\"Wrath of the Titans\"\" was released on Blu-ray, 3D Blu-ray, DVD and digital",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\nFebruary 12, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. The film cost $95 million to make. In its opening weekend in North America, it ranked number two at the box office, making $38.8 million. Though it received mixed reviews from critics, the film grossed $226.4 million worldwide. The film was released on June 29, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray. A video game based on the film developed by Activision was released for Nintendo DS on February 11, 2010. A sequel, \"\"\"\", was released on August 7, 2013. In New York City, Zeus and Poseidon meet at the top",
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"chunk_text": "\"To Nisi\"\nof the series. The direction of photography was undertaken by Vaggelis Katrizidakis. Cretan director Thodoris Papadoulakis convinced Mega Channel to keep Athens out of the filming by having the entire series shot on location in Crete, arguing that Spinalonga recreates a natural setting. Filming began in December 2009 and concluded in December 2010, primarily taking place in Plaka, Spinalonga, upper Elounda, and Agios Nikolaos. Sets portraying the villages from 1939 to 1957 were designed by stage director Antonis Halkias and his colleagues. For authenticity purposes, as many scenes as possible were shot on location in Plaka and Spinalonga, including scenes",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nand in the United Kingdom on February 12 and in Australia on February 11. Columbus has stated that he was drawn to directing the Percy Jackson movie because it gave him the \"\"opportunity to do a movie that we haven't really seen before for this generation. When I was a kid, there were movies that dealt with Greek mythology, which in terms of visual effects was really primitive. So I thought this was an opportunity to deal with Greek mythology which children and adults all over the world are fascinated by and it was not a new genre but a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Xena: Warrior Princess\"\nand Tapert returning as executive producers, with the show's debut sometime in 2016. Javier Grillo-Marxuach was hired as writer and producer for the reboot, but left the project in April 2017, because of creative differences. In August 2017, NBC announced that it had cancelled its plans for the reboot for the foreseeable future. \"\"Xena: Warrior Princess\"\" is set primarily in a fantasy version of ancient Greece (sometimes alluding to Roman Greece) and was filmed in New Zealand. Some filming locations are confidential, but many scenes were recorded in places such as the Waitakere Ranges Regional Park, part of the Auckland",
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"chunk_text": "\"Poseidonos Avenue\"\nPoseidonos Avenue Poseidonos Avenue (), also known as Paraliaki (), is a coastal road in Athens, Greece. It runs form Faliro in Piraeus to Glyfada and beyond, traversing all the coastal suburbs of Athens; thus it is the major highway in the southern part of the Greek capital and one of the largest in the Athens urban area. The road is notable for having some of the stadiums that were used in the 2004 Athens Olympics, going through the major Olympic complexes of Faliro and Hellinikon. Several Greek films were shot on the road, particularly between the 1950s and the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\nPercy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (also known as Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief) is a 2010 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus. The film is based on the 2005 novel \"\"The Lightning Thief\"\", the first novel in the \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" series by Rick Riordan. It stars Logan Lerman as Percy Jackson alongside an ensemble cast that includes Brandon T. Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, Jake Abel, Rosario Dawson, Steve Coogan, Uma Thurman, Catherine Keener, Kevin McKidd, Sean Bean and Pierce Brosnan. It was released to theaters on",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nstole the bolt to allow Kronos, the defeated king of the Titans, a chance to rise again. The book was adapted into a film by Chris Columbus and 20th Century Fox, under the title \"\"\"\", and was released on February 12, 2010. \"\"The Sea of Monsters\"\" is the second installment in the series, released on April 1, 2006. Camp Half-Blood is under attack when Thalia's tree, which guards the borders of the camp, is poisoned and slowly begins to die. In order to save the tree and the camp, someone must recover the Golden Fleece, which is somewhere in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Young Hercules\"\nin color and broader in the chest to help create a more bulky look. Makeup was used on Ryan's arms to help add muscle contours. Similar tricks were used for both Kevin Sorbo and Lucy Lawless for their characters. It was known to be only superficially faithful to Greek mythology, as was its predecessor; it uses similar characters, but in a variety of stories, some of which contain anachronisms. The series was filmed entirely in New Zealand. The series was aired out of order. The episodes are listed below, as presented on DVD, in the order of their production codes.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Athena: Goddess of War\"\nactress joined the filming when the production moved to New Zealand at the end of November. Filming commenced on \"\"Athena\"\" in Korea near the end of June 2010, with overseas shoots in Italy following in July. Additional shooting locations in Japan and China were revealed to be in planning in May 2010 along with a shooting schedule expected to span a total of five months with three crews operating concurrently in different locations. Principal photography continued as scheduled, as the crew began work in Italy on July 11. The production company revealed the shoot is to cover twenty days in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mount Othrys\"\nthe Olympian Gods known as the Titanomachy. It was also the birthplace of the elder gods, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades and Poseidon. It was assaulted by the Olympians, led by Kronos's son Zeus. Zeus later overthrew his father and gained dominion in all of the heavens and the earth. Mount Othrys Mount Othrys ( - \"\"oros Othrys\"\", also Όθρη - \"\"Othri\"\") is a mountain in central Greece, in the northeastern part of Phthiotis and southern part of Magnesia. Its highest summit, \"\"Gerakovouni\"\", situated on the border of Phthiotis and Magnesia, is 1,726 m above sea level. The population density in",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\"\nAtlanta had just wrapped up, followed by director Francis Lawrence announcing the next day about moving production to Europe. It was announced that they would be filming battle scenes in Paris and at Berlin Tempelhof Airport in Berlin. They began filming in the streets of Paris and in the city of Ivry-sur-Seine on May 7, where Lawrence and Hemsworth were spotted during the filming of some scenes among extras. On May 9, it was reported that filming was taking place in Noisy le Grand, Paris where Lawrence, Hemsworth, Hutcherson, and Claflin were spotted on the set which re-created the world",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nPercy Jackson & the Olympians Percy Jackson & the Olympians, often shortened to Percy Jackson, is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure novels written by American author Rick Riordan, and the first book series in the Camp Half-Blood Chronicles. Five supplementary books, along with three graphic novels, have also been released. More than 45 million copies of the books have been sold in more than 35 countries. As of October 28, 2011, the series has been on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list for children's book series for 245 weeks. The first book was adapted into a film titled \"\"\"\"",
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"chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nRobin Wright were confirmed to reprise their roles as Hippolyta and Antiope in a flashback sequence. In November 2018, Kristoffer Polaha revealed that he has a role in the film. Principal photography began in Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) on June 13, 2018, under the working title \"\"Magic Hour\"\". Filming took place at the Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in the United Kingdom, and at a number of locations around the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia in the United States, including the Landmark Mall in Alexandria, Virginia during June and July 2018, with scenes shot in Alexandria from June 18 through July",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson (film series)\"\nand grossed almost $227 million at the worldwide box office against a budget of $95 million. The plot revolves around a sixteen-year-old Percy Jackson who discovers that he is the son of Poseidon, Greek God of the sea, and goes to Camp Half-Blood, a training camp for demigods, the half mortal children of Greek gods. When Percy's mom is kidnapped by Hades, and Percy is accused of stealing Zeus' lightning bolt, Percy and his friends go on a quest to rescue his mom from the underworld, leading them across America to find Persephone's pearls, while proving that Percy is not",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games: Catching Fire\"\nChristmas break, filming resumed for two weeks in mid January for some of the main cast and was placed on hold for awards season. Principal photography resumed and concluded in March 2013. Shooting first took place in and around metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia and then moved to Hawaii, to shoot the arena scenes. The cast and crew were on a busy schedule, working 14-hour days and six days a week. In an interview with MTV, Josh Hutcherson confirmed scenes in the film would use IMAX cameras by stating, \"\"They're shooting, I think, all the stuff in the arena is going to",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2\"\nhim. Filming in Atlanta completed in mid-April 2014, and production moved to Europe. On May 9, filming took place in Noisy le Grand, Paris. It is the same location where \"\"Brazil\"\" (1985) was filmed 30 years earlier. Toward the end of May, the cast and crew shot scenes at several locations in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. In Rüdersdorf, Brandenburg, the crew shot scenes for the portrayal of District 8 in an old cement factory. Hemsworth was injured on the set and was brought to a doctor in the Berlin borough Mitte. Scenes for District 2 were shot at Berlin Tempelhof",
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"chunk_text": "\"Clash of the Titans (2010 film)\"\n27, 2009, near London, at Shepperton Studios, and also at Pinewood Studios and at Longcross Studios, near Chertsey, in Surrey. Filming also took place in Wales, the Canary Islands (Spain) (primarily at the World Heritage Site, Teide National Park in Tenerife), Maspalomas Dunes, Gran Canaria, and Timanfaya National Park in Lanzarote. Aerial photography was conducted in Iceland and Ethiopia. Filming of volcano scenes at the Harriet hole in Dinorwic Slate Quarry in Wales wrapped at the end of July. This slate quarry has also been used for locations for \"\"Willow\"\" and \"\"Street Fighter\"\". Bubo, Athena's mechanical owl in the original",
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"chunk_text": "\"San Andreas (film)\"\nand actress Kylie Minogue joined the film to play Gruffudd's sister. On December 17, 2013 \"\"Variety\"\" reported that the film would be shot at Village Roadshow Studios in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The production was set to start in April 2014 in Queensland, with locations including Ipswich and Brisbane. On March 20, 2014, it was announced that \"\"Gods of Egypt\"\" had started production in Australia, and \"\"San Andreas\"\" was set to begin soon after. On April 16, 2014, Johnson tweeted photos from the training for the film. Filming began on April 22, 2014 in Australia and was also shot in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\nstepping on them and visualizing where they wish to be taken. Percy is also given a pair of flying Converse All-Star shoes (which Luke stole from his father), and a shield, which Luke describes as his favorite. The trio heads out, and they begin searching for the first pearl at the old, abandoned \"\"Auntie Em's Garden Emporium\"\" in Leeds Point, New Jersey, which turns out to be the lair of Medusa. She tries to kill them until Percy decapitates her from behind. They take her head, to use as a weapon; a fistful of gold drachmas, and the pearl, which",
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"chunk_id": "7106415",
"chunk_text": "\"Greek (TV series)\"\nThe series follows Rusty and Casey Cartwright as they endure the events surrounding the Greek system at Cyprus-Rhodes. There are six chapters, arranged into four seasons. The series stars Jacob Zachar and Spencer Grammer as the lead characters. Filmed primarily in Los Angeles, the show was also filmed on location at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) campus in the Westwood district of Los Angeles. Some scenes were shot at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California and at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The exterior and some interior",
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"chunk_id": "4848288",
"chunk_text": "Thermopylae\nThermopylae Thermopylae (; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: (\"\"Thermopylai\"\") , Demotic Greek (Greek): , (\"\"Thermopyles\"\") ; \"\"hot gates\"\") is a place in Greece where a narrow coastal passage existed in antiquity. It derives its name from its hot sulphur springs. The Hot Gates is \"\"the place of hot springs\"\" and in Greek mythology it is the cavernous entrances to Hades\"\". Thermopylae is world-famous for the battle that took place there between the Greek forces (notably the Spartans) and the invading Persian forces, commemorated by Simonides in the famous epitaph, \"\"Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, That here obedient to their",
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"chunk_id": "10089628",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Olympus\"\nMount Olympus Mount Olympus (; \"\"Olympos\"\", for Modern Greek also transliterated \"\"Olimbos\"\", or ) is the highest mountain in Greece. It is located in the Olympus Range on the border between Thessaly and Macedonia, between the regional units of Pieria and Larissa, about southwest from Thessaloniki. Mount Olympus has 52 peaks, deep gorges, and exceptional biodiversity. The highest peak, Mytikas (Μύτικας \"\"Mýtikas\"\"), meaning \"\"nose\"\", rises to . It is one of the highest peaks in Europe in terms of topographic prominence. Olympus is notable in Greek mythology as the home of the Greek gods, on Mytikas peak. Mount Olympus is",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gods of Egypt (film)\"\nand Victoria competed to be the location of the film's production, and Summit selected NSW in February 2014. The state's deputy premier, Andrew Stoner, estimated that the production would add 400 jobs to the state and contribute million to its economy. Principal photography began on , 2014 at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney. The setting of Anubis' temple was filmed at Centennial Park in Sydney, and visual effects were laid over the scene. The production budget was . Jon Feltheimer, the CEO of Summit's parent company Lionsgate, said Lionsgate's financial exposure was under due to tax incentives of filming in",
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15893778",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nwherein he and his mortal mother Sally Jackson, travel to their cabin in Montauk to take their mind off things. However, the trip is cut short after a series of harrowing incidents, such as being attacked by the Minotaur. Percy finds himself at Camp Half-Blood, a training camp for demigods like him. He discovers that he is a demigod, son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and father of all horses, (which he made from sea foam). Percy also learns that his best friend, Grover Underwood, is actually a satyr (a half-goat, half-man), and that the Greek",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13159775",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson (film series)\"\nsave it, and find the challenges that may await them. The film grossed just over $202 million at the worldwide box office. Rick Riordan, the author of the book series, has mentioned in numerous interviews that he has never seen the movies, to keep them from influencing the way he views the characters. During March 2016, Riordan wrote a letter asking teachers not to show the movie to students during class time. Percy Jackson (film series) Percy Jackson & the Olympians (also known as Percy Jackson) is an feature film series based on the novel series of the same name",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7947877",
"chunk_text": "\"The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (film)\"\nshe is like her mother, whose mood also swung easily from very up to very down, eventually resulting in deep depression and suicide. Carmen and Tibby comfort Bridget by reassuring her that she is stronger than her mother. Eric visits Bridget and apologizes for his behavior over the summer, and tells her that while she is too young for him now, he hopes she will give him a shot when she is older, giving Bridget much-needed closure. Principal photography started on the island of Santorini, Greece. Filming then continued in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. According to review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4658049",
"chunk_text": "\"Chariots of Fire\"\nwere filmed at West Sands, St Andrews. A plaque commemorating the filming can be found there today. The very last scene of the opening titles crosses the 1st and 18th holes of the Old Course at St Andrews Links. All of the Cambridge scenes were actually filmed at Hugh Hudson's alma mater Eton College, because Cambridge refused filming rights, fearing depictions of anti-Semitism. The Cambridge administration greatly regretted the decision after the film's enormous success. Liverpool Town Hall was the setting for the scenes depicting the British Embassy in Paris. The Colombes Olympic Stadium in Paris was represented by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8545883",
"chunk_text": "\"Camp Half-Blood chronicles\"\nand \"\"Kane\"\" books. \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" is a pentalogy of adventure and fiction books written by Rick Riordan. Set in the United States, the books are predominantly based on Greek mythology and deal with a demigod, Percy Jackson, and his quest to stop the rise of the Titan lord Kronos. All five books are seen from Percy's witty and sardonic point of view. The series tackles themes like coming of age, love and teenage angst. More than 20 million copies of the books have been sold in more than 10 countries. As of August 14, 2015, the series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15893790",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\nattack Olympus. Poseidon, Percy's father, decides that it is time for Percy to now fulfill the Great Prophecy. Seeking a way to defeat Kronos, Nico di Angelo tells Percy his plan, though Percy doesn't like it, Percy bathes in the River Styx, making his body invulnerable except one small chosen part of his body (the small of his back). Kronos leads a siege of New York City and puts its citizens to sleep. Percy leads the campers, Hunters, nature spirits, and centaurs to protect Mount Olympus from Kronos and his forces. While they protect Olympus, the gods hold down the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6785958",
"chunk_text": "\"Greek epic in film\"\nfilmed in Malta, Turkey, parts of England, as well as places around the Mediterranean where the story took place. Jason and the Argonauts is an American-British fantasy film made in 1963. Known for its fantasy creatures and iconic fight scenes, the film was released by Columbia Pictures in association with Morningside Productions. The film tells the story of the Greek hero as he leads a team of adventurers in a quest for the legendary Golden Fleece. Hercules is an Italian epic fantasy based upon both Hercules and the Quest for the Golden Fleece myths. The film’s screenplay is based loosely",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18037843",
"chunk_text": "\"Prometheus (2012 film)\"\n2010 Arab Spring protests forced the change of venue. Alternatives including the Mojave Desert had been considered, but Scott explained that Iceland was ultimately chosen because \"\"here it is so rough and 'Jurassic-like' and that proved decisive\"\". In September 2011, filming moved to the Ciudad de la Luz audiovisual complex in Alicante, Spain. Shooting areas included the complex's large water tank, and a nearby beach. The complex was booked from August 22, 2011, through to December 10, 2011, and set construction occurred from August until late September. Approximately 250 people worked on the three-month-long Spain shoot, generating over €1 million",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3900441",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson (film series)\"\ngrossed nearly $430 million at the worldwide box office. The films follow the adventures of demigod Percy Jackson and his comrades at the demigod training ground of Camp Half-Blood. In the first film, Percy must go on a quest to save his mother from the underworld and prove his innocence when he is accused of stealing lightning from Zeus. The second film revolves around Percy’s escapade as he must retrieve the legendary golden fleece from the sea of monsters, or the Bermuda triangle, which is the only thing that will save the camp from the forces of darkness. In December",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1657570",
"chunk_text": "\"The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2\"\nas was done with \"\"Clash of the Titans\"\" (2010). On February 12, 2012 it was confirmed that \"\"Part 2\"\" would not be filmed in 3D. Filming started on November 1, 2010 and wrapped, for most of the cast, on April 15, 2011, ending the franchise's three years of production since March 2008. Filming was shot on location in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Vancouver, British Columbia; New Orleans; and at the Raleigh Studios in Baton Rouge. On the subject of the final day and her final moment as Bella, Stewart stated, \"\"After that scene, my true final scene, I felt like I",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13664577",
"chunk_text": "\"Athena: Goddess of War\"\nthe series. To lend authenticity and create the sense that a real crowd was present, the production secretly filmed during the concert in Seoul that had drawn over 40,000 attendees. On September 15, it was reported that the production had landed in Japan to begin a two-week stint in the Tottori Prefecture. Several famous Tottori landmarks are expected to be incorporated into the filming of the series, including the Tottori Sand Dunes and the volcanic mountain of Daisen. The filming was interrupted shortly into the Japan shoot when Cha Seung-won fell ill with what was initially reported as septicemia brought",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "137824",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief\"\nMedusa wore on her bracelet. They locate the second pearl in the Parthenon in Nashville; Percy uses the flying shoes to take it from the crown of the replica Athena Parthenos statue. However, they are confronted by the Lernaean Hydra, and Grover turns it to stone with Medusa's head. The last pearl is searched for at the Lotus Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, where, at the casino's cocktail waitress' offer, the three sample the casino's signature dish, lotus flowers. They quickly forget their reason for being there, and stay in the casino for five days until Poseidon abruptly speaks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_894
|
when was the last amendment to the constitution passed?
|
n/a
|
[
"May 5, 1992"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1003731",
"chunk_text": "\"Article Seven of the United States Constitution\"\nthe Constitution would take effect. Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution under Article VII, doing so on May 29, 1790. On September 20, 1787, three days after its adoption by the Constitutional Convention, the drafted Constitution was submitted to the Congress of the Confederation for its endorsement. After eight days of debate, the opposing sides came to the first of many compromises that would define the ratification process. The Confederation Congress voted to release the proposed Constitution to the states for their consideration, but neither endorsed nor opposed its ratification. The Constitution was ratified by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1147643",
"chunk_text": "\"Third Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nand Virginia finally followed on December 15, 1791. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the ten successfully ratified amendments on March 1, 1792. The Third Amendment is among the least cited sections of the U.S. Constitution. In the words of \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica\"\", \"\"as the history of the country progressed with little conflict on American soil, the amendment has had little occasion to be invoked.\"\" To date, no major Supreme Court decision has used the amendment as its primary basis. The Third Amendment has been invoked in a few instances as helping establish an implicit right to privacy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1147693",
"chunk_text": "\"Second Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nlieu thereof \"\"necessary to the\"\" . The Senate then slightly modified the language to read as the fourth article and voted to return the Bill of Rights to the House. The final version by the Senate was amended to read as: The House voted on September 21, 1789 to accept the changes made by the Senate. The enrolled original Joint Resolution passed by Congress on September 25, 1789, on permanent display in the Rotunda, reads as: On December 15, 1791, the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the Constitution) was adopted, having been ratified by three-fourths of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13521111",
"chunk_text": "\"Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\ncame from Southern Democrats, a trend which remained consistent with Tennessee as the last state to pass the amendment, during a special session right before the ratification period was to expire. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee narrowly approved the Nineteenth Amendment, with 50 of 99 members of the Tennessee House of Representatives voting yes. This provided the final ratification necessary to add the amendment to the Constitution. The Congress proposed the Nineteenth Amendment on June 4, 1919, and the following states ratified the amendment. Ratification was completed on August 18, 1920, and the following states subsequently ratified the amendment: The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13569978",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Bill of Rights\"\n25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution, each consisting of one one-sentence paragraph, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is still pending before the states. Although Madison's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2680569",
"chunk_text": "\"Second Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nthe original thirteen states had ratified it. The remaining four states later followed suit, although the last two states, North Carolina and Rhode Island, ratified only after Congress had passed the Bill of Rights and sent it to the states for ratification. James Madison drafted what ultimately became the Bill of Rights, which was proposed by the first Congress on June 8, 1789, and was adopted on December 15, 1791. The debate surrounding the Constitution's ratification is of practical importance, particularly to adherents of originalist and strict constructionist legal theories. In the context of such legal theories and elsewhere, it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13517129",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nset in 1789, when Congress considered and proposed the first several Constitutional amendments. Among these, Amendments 1–10 are collectively known as the Bill of Rights, and Amendments 13–15 are known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Excluding the Twenty-seventh Amendment, which was pending before the states for , the longest pending amendment that was successfully ratified was the Twenty-second Amendment, which took . The Twenty-sixth Amendment was ratified in the shortest time, days. The average ratification time for the first twenty-six amendments was 1 year, 252 days, for all twenty-seven, 9 years, 48 days. A proposed amendment becomes an operative part of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10933559",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nthe amendment had been proposed. Speaker of the House Tom Foley and others called for a legal challenge to the amendment's unusual ratification. On May 20, 1992, under the authority recognized in \"\"Coleman\"\", and in keeping with the precedent first established regarding the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, each house of the 102nd Congress passed its own version of a concurrent resolution agreeing that the amendment was validly ratified, despite the unorthodox period of more than 202 years for the completion of the task. The Senate's approval of the resolution was unanimous (99 to 0) and the House vote was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18442728",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nproposed amendment was adopted on December 5, 1933. It is the only amendment to have been ratified by state ratifying conventions, specially selected for the purpose. All other amendments have been ratified by state legislatures. It is also the only amendment that was approved for the explicit purpose of repealing a previously existing amendment to the Constitution. The Twenty-first Amendment ending national prohibition became officially effective on December 15, though people started drinking openly before that date. The various responses of the 48 states is as follows: The following states ratified the amendment: Ratification was completed on December 5, 1933.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10933540",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nTwenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-seventh Amendment (Amendment XXVII) to the United States Constitution prohibits any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress from taking effect until the start of the next set of terms of office for Representatives. The amendment is the most recent to be adopted, but one of the first proposed. It was submitted by the 1st Congress to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789, along with eleven other proposed amendments. While ten of these twelve proposals were ratified in 1791 to become the Bill of Rights, what",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3559016",
"chunk_text": "\"Article Five of the United States Constitution\"\nnon-justiciable one, leaving the issue to Congress's discretion. It would appear that the length of time elapsing between proposal and ratification is irrelevant to the validity of the amendment. Based upon this precedent, the Archivist of the United States proclaimed the Twenty-seventh Amendment as having been ratified when it surpassed the \"\"three fourths of the several states\"\" plateau for becoming a part of the Constitution. Declared ratified on May 7, 1992, it had been submitted to the states for ratification—without a ratification deadline—on September 25, 1789, an unprecedented time period of . Whether once it has prescribed a ratification period",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148933",
"chunk_text": "\"Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nFourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Arguably one of the most consequential amendments to this day, the amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13518415",
"chunk_text": "\"Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nDecember 22, 1789, and January 19, 1790, respectively, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina ratified all twelve amendments. On January 25 and 28, 1790, respectively, New Hampshire and Delaware ratified eleven of the Bill's twelve amendments, including the Fourth. This brought the total of ratifying states to six of the required ten, but the process stalled in other states: Connecticut and Georgia found a Bill of Rights unnecessary and so refused to ratify, while Massachusetts ratified most of the amendments, but failed to send official notice to the Secretary of State that it had done so. (All three states would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148711",
"chunk_text": "\"Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nand Virginia finally followed on December 15, 1791. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the ten successfully ratified amendments on March 1, 1792. The Seventh Amendment is generally considered one of the more straightforward amendments of the Bill of Rights. Scholar Charles W. Wolfram states that it has usually \"\"been interpreted as if it were virtually a self-explanatory provision\"\". Unlike most of the provisions of the Bill of Rights, the Seventh Amendment has never been applied to the states. The Supreme Court stated in \"\"Walker v. Sauvinet\"\" (1875), \"\"Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad v. Bombolis\"\" (1916) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13517143",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\ncolor, or previous condition of servitude in determining which citizens may vote. The last of three post Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, it sought to abolish one of the key vestiges of slavery and to advance the civil rights and liberties of former slaves. The Nineteenth Amendment (1920) prohibits the government from denying women the right to vote on the same terms as men. Prior to the amendment's adoption, only a few states permitted women to vote and to hold office. The Twenty-third Amendment (1961) extends the right to vote in presidential elections to citizens residing in the District of Columbia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "609801",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nTwenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-first Amendment (Amendment XXI) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol. The Twenty-first Amendment was proposed by Congress on February 20, 1933, and was ratified by the requisite number of states on December 5, 1933. It is unique among the 27 amendments of the U.S. Constitution for being the only one to repeal a prior amendment, as well as being the only amendment to have been ratified by state ratifying conventions. The Eighteenth Amendment was ratified on January",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1147649",
"chunk_text": "\"Second Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nSecond Amendment to the United States Constitution The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court ruled in the 2008 \"\"Heller\"\" decision that the right belongs to individuals in their homes for self-defense while also ruling that the right is not unlimited and does not preclude the existence of certain long-standing prohibitions such as those forbidding \"\"the possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill\"\" or restrictions on \"\"the carrying",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12405104",
"chunk_text": "\"Constitutional right\"\nin the world. Only on December 15, 1791 the Bill of Rights comprising the first 10 Amendments became part of the U.S. Constitution. Later on, other 17 Amendments were added. Thus, the U.S Constitution is summing a total of 27 Amendments and 7 Articles. During all this time, only one amendment overturned a previous one, more precisely the twenty-first Amendment ratified on December 5, 1933 repealed the prohibition of alcohol established by the eighteenth Amendment on January 16, 1919. The provisions providing for rights under the Bill of Rights were originally binding upon only the federal government. In time, most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148709",
"chunk_text": "\"Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nportions of the Constitution, such as the federal judiciary and direct taxation, intact. On November 20, 1789, New Jersey ratified eleven of the twelve amendments, rejecting an amendment to regulate congressional pay raises. On December 19 and 22, respectively, Maryland and North Carolina ratified all twelve amendments. On January 19, 25, and 28, 1790, respectively, South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Delaware ratified the Bill, though New Hampshire rejected the amendment on Congressional pay raises, and Delaware rejected the Congressional Apportionment Amendment. This brought the total of ratifying states to six of the required ten, but the process stalled in other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10933538",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\n94–0 in favor of proposing a Constitutional amendment to guarantee that the minimum voting age could not be higher than 18. On March 23, 1971, the House of Representatives voted 401–19 in favor of the proposed amendment. Having been passed by the 92nd United States Congress, the proposed Twenty-sixth Amendment was sent to the state legislatures for their consideration. Ratification was completed on July 1, 1971, after the amendment had been ratified by the following thirty-eight states: Having been ratified by three-fourths of the States (38), the Twenty-sixth Amendment became part of the Constitution. On July 5, 1971, the Administrator",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "609925",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\neventually became part of the United States Constitution, effective May 5, 1992, completing a record-setting ratification period of 202 years, 7 months, and 10 days. Several states raised the issue of Congressional salaries as they debated whether to ratify the Constitution. The North Carolina ratifying convention proposed several amendments to the Constitution including the following: \"\"The laws ascertaining the compensation of senators and representatives, for their services, shall be postponed in their operation until after the election of representatives immediately succeeding the passing thereof; that excepted which shall first be passed on the subject.\"\" Virginia's ratifying convention recommended the identical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13519654",
"chunk_text": "\"Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nits new draft, the Judiciary Committee removed language that would have allowed a constitutional amendment to be adopted with only a majority vote in each House of Congress and ratification by two-thirds of the states (instead of two-thirds and three-fourths, respectively). The Senate passed the amendment on April 8, 1864, by a vote of 38 to 6; two Democrats, Reverdy Johnson of Maryland and James Nesmith of Oregon voted \"\"aye.\"\" However, just over two months later on June 15, the House failed to do so, with 93 in favor and 65 against, thirteen votes short of the two-thirds vote needed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10933555",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nfor a 50-state sweep, the Kentucky General Assembly post-ratified the amendment in 1996 (Senate Joint Resolution No. 50), at Watson's request, likewise unaware that the task had already been attended to some 204 years earlier. In April 1983, Maine became the first state to ratify the amendment as a result of Watson's campaign, followed by Colorado in April 1984. Numerous state legislatures followed suit. Michigan's ratification on May 7, 1992, provided what was believed to be the 38th state ratification required for the archivist to certify the amendment—Kentucky's 1792 ratification having been overlooked. In 2016, Zach Elkins, a professor in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148799",
"chunk_text": "\"Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nwas ratified by the state legislatures of the following states: On January 8, 1798, approximately three years after the Eleventh Amendment's adoption, President John Adams stated in a message to Congress that the Eleventh Amendment had been ratified by the necessary number of States and that it was now a part of the Constitution of the United States. New Jersey and Pennsylvania did not take action on the amendment during that era; neither did Tennessee, which had become a State on June 16, 1796. However, on June 25, 2018, the New Jersey Senate adopted Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 75 to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1147641",
"chunk_text": "\"Third Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nas the federal judiciary and direct taxation, intact. On November 20, 1789, New Jersey ratified eleven of the twelve amendments, rejecting Article II, which regulated Congressional pay raises. On December 19 and 22, respectively, Maryland and North Carolina ratified all twelve amendments. On January 19, 25, and 28, 1790, respectively, South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Delaware ratified the Bill, though New Hampshire rejected the amendment on Congressional pay raises, and Delaware rejected Article I, which regulated the size of the House. This brought the total of ratifying states to six of the required ten, but the process stalled in other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148766",
"chunk_text": "\"Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nindicated by Madison in his speech introducing the Bill of Rights (emphasis added): The First through Eighth Amendments address the means by which the federal government exercises its enumerated powers, while the Ninth Amendment addresses a \"\"great residuum\"\" of rights that have not been \"\"thrown into the hands of the government,\"\" as Madison put it. The Ninth Amendment became part of the Constitution on December 15, 1791 upon ratification by three-fourths of the states. The final form of the amendment ratified by the states is as follows: The Ninth Amendment has generally been regarded by the courts as negating any",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1147634",
"chunk_text": "\"Third Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nCongress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789, and by December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment on March 1, 1792. The amendment is one of the least controversial of the Constitution and is rarely litigated, with the American Bar Association calling it the \"\"runt piglet\"\" of the U.S. Constitution. To date, it has never been the primary basis of a Supreme Court decision, though it was the basis of the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit case \"\"Engblom v.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13519575",
"chunk_text": "\"Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nTenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. It expresses the principle of federalism and states' rights, which strictly supports the entire plan of the original Constitution for the United States of America, by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the United States Constitution. All remaining powers are reserved for the states or the people. The amendment was proposed by the 1st United States Congress in 1789 during its first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12170929",
"chunk_text": "\"Congressional Apportionment Amendment\"\nthat finalized 12 Constitutional amendments for the House and Senate to consider. Regarding the apportionment amendment, the House passed version prevailed with one change: the final instance of the word \"\"less\"\" was changed to \"\"more\"\". The amendments were finally approved by both Houses on September 25, 1789. Having been approved by Congress the twelve Bill of Rights amendments were sent to the states for ratification. This proposed amendment was placed first among the twelve and was ratified by the legislatures of the following states: When originally submitted to the states, nine ratifications would have made this amendment part of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13570001",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Bill of Rights\"\namendments at the Constitution's end so that the document would \"\"remain inviolate\"\", rather than adding them throughout, as Madison had proposed. The amendments, revised and condensed from twenty to seventeen, were approved and forwarded to the Senate on August 24, 1789. The Senate edited these amendments still further, making 26 changes of its own. Madison's proposal to apply parts of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal government was eliminated, and the seventeen amendments were condensed to twelve, which were approved on September 9, 1789. The Senate also eliminated the last of Madison's proposed changes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7595280",
"chunk_text": "\"Reconstruction Amendments\"\nReconstruction Amendments The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. The last time the Constitution had been amended was with the Twelfth Amendment more than 60 years earlier in 1804. The Reconstruction amendments were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the war. Their proponents saw them as transforming the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) \"\"half slave and half free\"\" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed \"\"blessings of liberty\"\" would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13518414",
"chunk_text": "\"Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nshifted in both parties. Many Federalists, who had previously opposed a Bill of Rights, now supported the Bill as a means of silencing the Anti-Federalists' most effective criticism. Many Anti-Federalists, in contrast, now opposed it, realizing that the Bill's adoption would greatly lessen the chances of a second constitutional convention, which they desired. Anti-Federalists such as Richard Henry Lee also argued that the Bill left the most objectionable portions of the Constitution, such as the federal judiciary and direct taxation, intact. On November 20, 1789, New Jersey ratified eleven of the twelve amendments, including the Fourth. On December 19, 1789,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2180840",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nwin a third term, giving rise to concerns about the potential issues involved with a president serving an unlimited number of terms. Congress approved the Twenty-second Amendment on March 24, 1947, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification. That process was completed on February 27, 1951, after the amendment had been ratified by the requisite 36 of the then-48 states (as neither Alaska nor Hawaii had yet been admitted as states), and its provisions came into force on that date. The amendment prohibits any individual who has been elected president twice from being elected again. Under the amendment,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2680640",
"chunk_text": "\"Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nMadison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights, in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress submitted the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-fourths of the states had ratified it. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced that it was officially part of the Constitution. Because the Bill of Rights did not initially apply to state or local governments, and federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history, there is little significant case law for the Fourth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148798",
"chunk_text": "\"Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nhear cases in law and equity brought by private citizens against states and that states did not enjoy sovereign immunity from suits made by citizens of other states in federal court. Thus, the amendment clarified Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution, which gives diversity jurisdiction to the judiciary to hear cases \"\"between a state and citizens of another state\"\". The Eleventh Amendment was proposed by the 3rd Congress on March 4, 1794, when it was approved by the House of Representatives by vote of 81–9, having been previously passed by the Senate, 23–2, on January 14, 1794. The amendment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2680736",
"chunk_text": "\"Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nSeventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Seventh Amendment (Amendment VII) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact. An early version of the Seventh Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments, in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed a revised version of the Seventh Amendment to the states on September 28, 1789, and by December 15, 1791, the necessary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1003732",
"chunk_text": "\"Article Seven of the United States Constitution\"\n13 states between December 7, 1787 and May 29, 1790 as follows: In 1787 and 1788, following the Constitutional Convention, a great debate took place throughout the United States over the Constitution that had been proposed. The supporters of the Constitution began the ratification campaign in those states where there was little or no controversy, postponing until later the more difficult ones. On July 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, thus establishing it as the new framework of governance for the United States. Though officially enacted, four states, Virginia, New York, North Carolina and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1149017",
"chunk_text": "\"Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nFifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's \"\"race, color, or previous condition of servitude\"\". It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments. In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of former black slaves. By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1148829",
"chunk_text": "\"Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nRepublican small state. The Twelfth Amendment was proposed by the 8th Congress on December 9, 1803, when it was approved by the House of Representatives by vote of 84–42, having been previously passed by the Senate, 22–10, on December 2. The amendment was officially submitted to the states on December 12, 1803, and was ratified by the legislatures of the following states: The amendment was rejected by Delaware, on January 18, 1804, and by Connecticut, on May 10, 1804. In a September 25, 1804, circular letter to the governors of the states, Secretary of State Madison declared the amendment ratified",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18013049",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Constitution\"\nratify the new Constitution, with its vote being unanimous. Pennsylvania ratified on December 12, 1787, by a vote of 46 to 23 (66.67%). New Jersey ratified on December 19, 1787, and Georgia on January 2, 1788, both unanimously. The requirement of ratification by nine states, set by Article Seven of the Constitution, was met when New Hampshire voted to ratify, on June 21, 1788. In New York, fully two thirds of the convention delegates were at first opposed to the Constitution. Hamilton led the Federalist campaign, which included the fast-paced appearance of \"\"The Federalist Papers\"\" in New York newspapers. An",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13519509",
"chunk_text": "\"Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\namendments to twelve, and these were proposed to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789. By the time the Bill of Rights was submitted to the states for ratification, opinions had shifted in both parties. Many Federalists, who had previously opposed a Bill of Rights, now supported the Bill as a means of silencing the Anti-Federalists' most effective criticism. Many Anti-Federalists, in contrast, now opposed it, realizing that the Bill's adoption would greatly lessen the chances of a second constitutional convention, which they desired. Anti-Federalists such as Richard Henry Lee also argued that the Bill left the most objectionable",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13279372",
"chunk_text": "\"Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution\"\nTimeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution The drafting of the Constitution of the United States began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation, and ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Constitution drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. The ratification process for the Constitution began that day, and ended when the final state, Rhode Island, ratified it on May 29, 1790. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2679445",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nshared process of constitutional amendment. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force. Since the Constitution came into force in 1789, it has been amended 27 times, including an amendment to repeal a previous one, in order to meet the needs of a nation that has profoundly changed since the eighteenth century. In general, the first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18442797",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nof the poll tax could still be deterred by such requirements as having to register far in advance of the election and retain records of such registration. States such as Alabama also continued to exercise discrimination in the application of literacy tests. Congress proposed the Twenty-fourth Amendment on August 27, 1962. The amendment was submitted to the states on September 24, 1962, after it passed with the requisite two-thirds majorities in the House and Senate. The following states ratified the amendment: Ratification was completed on January 23, 1964. The Georgia legislature did make a last-second attempt to be the 38th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1147692",
"chunk_text": "\"Second Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\na single amendment together with other proposed rights such as the due process right. As a Representative explained, this change allowed each amendment to \"\"be passed upon distinctly by the States.\"\" On September 4, the Senate voted to change the language of the Second Amendment by removing the definition of militia, and striking the conscientious objector clause: The Senate returned to this amendment for a final time on September 9. A proposal to insert the words \"\"for the common defence\"\" next to the words \"\"bear arms\"\" was defeated. A motion passed to replace the words \"\"the best,\"\" and insert in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1760646",
"chunk_text": "\"Birch Bayh\"\nvalid. Faced with another constitutional crisis, Bayh's subcommittee quickly began hearings on an amendment to lower the voting age to 18. What became the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution passed through Congress within weeks of the Supreme Court's decision, and was ratified by the states within months. In the decades since its enactment, the amendment has enfranchised millions of Americans who would have been otherwise shut out. As such, Senator Bayh is the only person since the Founding Fathers to draft more than one amendment to the United States Constitution. On June 19, 1964, Bayh, his wife, Senator",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18013056",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Constitution\"\nbeing ratified (submitted for ratification in 1789 as part of the Bill of Rights, but not ratified until 1992), the Twenty-second Amendment held the record for longest time taken to successfully complete the ratification process – 3 years, 11 months, 6 days. The Twenty-sixth Amendment holds the record for shortest time taken – 3 months, 8 days. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states and are not part of the Constitution. Four of these are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3560737",
"chunk_text": "\"Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nTwentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3. It also has provisions that determine what is to be done when there is no president-elect. The Twentieth Amendment was adopted on January 23, 1933. The amendment was designed largely to limit the \"\"lame duck\"\" period, the period served by Congress and the president after an election but before the end of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2679475",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nratification, have been frequently cited by the Supreme Court as an authoritative contemporary interpretation of the meaning of its provisions. The dispute over additional powers for the central government was close, and in some states ratification was effected only after a bitter struggle in the state convention itself. On June 21, 1788, the constitution had been ratified by the minimum of nine states required under Article VII. Towards the end of July, and with eleven states then having ratified, the process of organizing the new government began. The Continental Congress, which still functioned at irregular intervals, passed a resolution on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2180826",
"chunk_text": "\"Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nThe amendment was subsequently ratified by conventions in the following states: The amendment was rejected by the following state: Voters in the following state rejected holding a convention to consider the amendment: The following states took no action to consider the amendment: After more than ten years of the country going dry, on December 6, 1932, Senator John Blaine of Wisconsin submitted a resolution onto the floor of the Senate to submit the amendment to the states for ratification, which followed in February 1933. The Amendment was quickly ratified, with Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Utah ratifying the amendment on December 5,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_895
|
sending money home to the native country is an example of?
|
n/a
|
[
"international capital flows",
"remittance"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10921254",
"chunk_text": "\"Cultural remittances\"\nCultural remittances In anthropology, Cultural remittances are the ensembles of ideas, values, and expressive forms introduced into societies of origin by emigrants and their families as they return home, sometimes for the first time, temporary visits, or permanent resettlement. The term, which has been summarized as \"\"product sent back\"\", developed in the early 2000s, is also used to describe \"\"the way that migrants own and build homes in the country of origin.\"\" Monetary remittances are the transfer of money from migrant workers in a host country to a developing country through various financial institutions such as Western Union, Banco Agricola,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1454953",
"chunk_text": "\"Cultural remittances\"\nresistance. Cultural remittances In anthropology, Cultural remittances are the ensembles of ideas, values, and expressive forms introduced into societies of origin by emigrants and their families as they return home, sometimes for the first time, temporary visits, or permanent resettlement. The term, which has been summarized as \"\"product sent back\"\", developed in the early 2000s, is also used to describe \"\"the way that migrants own and build homes in the country of origin.\"\" Monetary remittances are the transfer of money from migrant workers in a host country to a developing country through various financial institutions such as Western Union, Banco",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11265353",
"chunk_text": "Remittance\nRemittance A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in their home country. Money sent home by migrants competes with international aid as one of the largest financial inflows to developing countries. Workers' remittances are a significant part of international capital flows, especially with regard to labour-exporting countries. According to the World Bank, in 2018 overall global remittance grew 10% to US$689 billion, including US$528 billion to developing countries. Overall global remittance is expected to grow 3.7% to US$ 715 billion in 2019, including US$549 billion to dveloping nations. Due to its large diaspora",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11907776",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittance man\"\nRemittance man A remittance man is a historic term for an emigrant, often from Britain to a colony, supported by regular payments from home, on the expectation that he stay away. Note that in this context, money is being sent in the opposite direction to today's usual usage of the term remittance, which means money that migrants send to their countries of origin. \"\"Remittance man\"\" is defined in \"\"The Canadian Encyclopedia\"\" as \"\"a term once widely used, especially in the West before WWI, for an immigrant living in Canada on funds remitted by his family in England, usually to ensure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17699957",
"chunk_text": "\"Gifting remittances\"\nGifting remittances \"\"Gifting remittances\"\" describes a range of scholarly approaches relating remittances to anthropological literature on gift giving. The terms draws on Lisa Cliggett’s “gift remitting,” but is used to describe a wider body of work. Broadly speaking, remittances are the money, goods, services, and knowledge that migrants send back to their home communities or families. Remittances are typically considered as the economic transactions from migrants to those at home. While remittances are also a subject of international development and policy debate and sociological and economic literature, this article focuses on ties with literature on gifting and reciprocity or gift",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1454947",
"chunk_text": "\"Cultural remittances\"\nand Banco Cuscatlan that transfer monetary capital from the host country of the migrant worker to the home country. Monetary remittances from the United States to various countries in Latin America often make up significant portions of the GDP of Latin American Countries. The impacts of monetary remittances differ from those of cultural remittances in that, monetary remittances mainly influence the economic sector of the receiving country, although monetary remittances can also be introduced into communities through individuals or organizations that receive remittances in order to create basic infrastructures within the communities. The term cultural remittances was created in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "376578",
"chunk_text": "Repatriation\nRepatriation Repatriation is the process of returning an asset, an item of symbolic value or a personvoluntarily or forciblyto its owner or their place of origin or citizenship. The term may refer to non-human entities, such as converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country, as well as to the process of returning military personnel to their place of origin following a war. It also applies to diplomatic envoys, international officials as well as expatriates and migrants in time of international crisis. For refugees, asylum seekers and illegal migrants, repatriation can mean either voluntary return or deportation.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7280108",
"chunk_text": "\"Gifting remittances\"\nConway’s work in Oaxaca), it is an insight that is also central to work within the general rubric of gifting remittances. Gifting remittances \"\"Gifting remittances\"\" describes a range of scholarly approaches relating remittances to anthropological literature on gift giving. The terms draws on Lisa Cliggett’s “gift remitting,” but is used to describe a wider body of work. Broadly speaking, remittances are the money, goods, services, and knowledge that migrants send back to their home communities or families. Remittances are typically considered as the economic transactions from migrants to those at home. While remittances are also a subject of international development",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15684068",
"chunk_text": "\"Hometown association\"\nor circumstances, such as a religious celebration or to repaint or repair a local church in either their new community or in their place of origin. The percentage of remittance (money sent by migrants to their home country) varies. Often, HTAs coordinate with local organizations within their community of origin to put projects into practice. Because HTAs are volunteer-based groups, getting participation outside one's family ties can be a major challenge. People who migrated from common hometowns who appreciate the public goods that HTAs produce tend to believe that the collective benefit outweighs the individual cost of contributing. The challenge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2798016",
"chunk_text": "Repatriation\nancient art), or (for looted material) its former owners (or their heirs). Economic repatriation refers to economic measures taken by a country to reduce foreign capital investment. Repatriation of currency is when foreign currency is converted back to the currency of the home country. An example would be an American converting British pounds back to U.S. dollars. Repatriation also refers to the payment of a dividend by a foreign corporation to a U.S. corporation. This happens often where the foreign corporation is considered a \"\"controlled foreign corporation\"\" (CFC), which means that more than 50% of the foreign corporation is owned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9421776",
"chunk_text": "Repatriation\nMacroeconomic Accounts for the United States, available at the Bureau of Economic Analysis.) Repatriation Repatriation is the process of returning an asset, an item of symbolic value or a personvoluntarily or forciblyto its owner or their place of origin or citizenship. The term may refer to non-human entities, such as converting a foreign currency into the currency of one's own country, as well as to the process of returning military personnel to their place of origin following a war. It also applies to diplomatic envoys, international officials as well as expatriates and migrants in time of international crisis. For refugees,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8103722",
"chunk_text": "\"Money Remittances Improvement Act of 2014\"\nMoney Remittances Improvement Act of 2014 The Money Remittances Improvement Act of 2014 (; ) is a bill that passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The bill would \"\"allow the Treasury secretary to use state examinations for certain financial institutions instead of federal reporting requirements.\"\" The bill would make it easier for nonbank financial institutions such as money service businesses to provide remittance payments internationally. A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in his or her home country. Money sent home by migrants competes with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9173509",
"chunk_text": "Remittance\nthe cost of the remittances received. Since 2000, remittances have increased sharply worldwide, having almost tripled to $529 billion in 2012. In 2012, migrants from India and China alone sent more than $130 billion to their home countries. In 2004 the G8 met at the Sea Island Summit and decided to take action to lower the costs for migrant workers who send money back to their friends and families in their country of origin. In light of this, various G8 government developmental organizations, such as the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID) and USAID began to look into ways",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15038537",
"chunk_text": "Remittance\nto falling levels of remittances sent to Latin American countries from the United States. Remittances to Africa play an important role to national economies. However, little data exists as many rely on informal channels to send money home. Immigrants from Africa today number approximately 20 to 30 million adults, who send around $40 billion USD annually to their families and local communities back home. For the region as a whole, this represents 50 percent more than net official development assistance (ODA) from all sources, and, for most countries, the amount also exceeds foreign direct investment (FDI). In several fragile states,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7280088",
"chunk_text": "\"Gifting remittances\"\nstudying remittances as an international process, documenting the impact of remittances on both sides of the exchange, an approach to which anthropologists are well trained. One space for such a transnational treatment of “gifting remittances” is in the analysis of barrels filled with new and recycled gifts sent home, typically to the Caribbean or Asia. While remittances could also be theorized as gifts in the above-mentioned transnational work, the terms gift remitting and remitting the gift make explicit the focus on gifts and the accompanying social ties. Discussion of “gift remittances” goes back at least to Aderanti Adepoju’s work in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "718071",
"chunk_text": "\"Transfer payment\"\nTransfer payment In economics, a transfer payment (or government transfer or simply transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth (payment) made without goods or services being received in return. These payments are considered to be non-exhaustive because they do not directly absorb resources or create output. Examples of transfer payments include welfare, financial aid, social security, and government making subsidies for certain businesses (firms). For the purposes of calculating gross domestic product (GDP), government spending does not include transfer payments – the reallocation of money from one party to another – which includes Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, welfare",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11265377",
"chunk_text": "Remittance\nhome and host countries in a temporary and repetitive manner. At the state level, countries with diversified migration destinations are likely to have more sustainable remittance flows. From a macroeconomic perspective, there is no conclusive relationship between remittances and GDP growth. While remittances can boost aggregate demand and thereby spur economic activity, other research indicates that remittances may also have adverse macroeconomic impacts by increasing income inequality and reducing labour supply among recipient countries. The World Bank and the Bank for International Settlements have developed international standards for remittance services. Remittance A remittance is a transfer of money by a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2461602",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittances from the United States\"\nof the money is spent on consumable goods and day to day expenses. This type of spending has a slight impact on demand, but has little effect on overall investment and infrastructure development. Another way Mexican communities have benefited from remittances, is through the use of hometown associations (HTAs). An HTA is a community of Mexican immigrants who pool their resources in an effort to improve their communities of origin back in Mexico. They do this most often by hosting community events in order to raise money for public works and social projects in their hometowns. In 2008 Honduras received",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14908242",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittance man\"\nThe Great Fortune. Yakimov is always 'waiting for his remittance' as he sponges off the expatriate community in wartime Bucharest. Jimmy Buffett wrote a song entitled \"\"Remittance Man\"\" for his album \"\"Barometer Soup\"\". Buffett took inspiration from Mark Twain's description of meeting two remittance men during his voyage in \"\"Following the Equator\"\". TV Tropes describes the remittance man: Remittance man A remittance man is a historic term for an emigrant, often from Britain to a colony, supported by regular payments from home, on the expectation that he stay away. Note that in this context, money is being sent in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7430857",
"chunk_text": "\"Money transmitter\"\nDodd-Frank Act the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) extended its regulation under a \"\"Remittance Rule\"\" that added some additional protection for US consumers who send money electronically to foreign countries. The rule targets any remittance institution defined as consumer-to-consumer transfers of low monetary value, made via money transmitters, banks or credit unions, through wire transfers or Automated Clearing House (ACH) transactions, to businesses as well as to individuals in foreign countries. Money transmitter In the legal code of the United States, a money transmitter or money transfer service is a business entity that provides money transfer services or payment instruments.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12601756",
"chunk_text": "Transnationalism\ntheir country of origin and their country of settlement\"\". These social fields are the product of a series of interconnected and overlapping economic, political, and socio-cultural activities: Economic transnational activities such as business investments in home countries and monetary remittances are both pervasive and well documented. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) estimates that in 2006 immigrants living in developed countries sent home the equivalent of $300 billion in remittances, an amount more than double the level of international aid. This intense influx of resources may mean that for some nations development prospects become inextricably linked—if not dependent upon—the economic activities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14632493",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittances from the United States\"\nRemittances from the United States International money transfers made by migrant workers and immigrants sending a portion of their earnings to their families in their country of origin are known as remittances. Remittances are an important aspect of the global economy, totaling an estimated $601 billion (USD) for the year 2015. The United States is currently the largest source of international remittances in the world, sending a total of $56.3 billion in 2015. Mexico received the largest portion of these remittances, accounting for an estimated $25.2 billion, making the U.S.-Mexico remittance corridor one of the largest in the world. With",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2461593",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittances from the United States\"\ninclude the use of credit cards, cash transfers, account-to-account transfers, and prepaid funds. Wire transfers are the preferred method within the banking industry, as they allow for nearly instantaneous transfer within a secure network of financial institutions. Informal methods of transfer are just about any money transfer system that does not involve a traditional bank. This can range from using a smaller unlicensed Money Transfer Operator (MTO) to the sending of physical money in the mail, or through a friend or family member. Informal methods of transfer have been historically the most popular methods for immigrants and workers to send",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4690642",
"chunk_text": "Clientitis\nClientitis Clientitis (also called clientism or localitis) is the tendency of resident in-country staff of an organization to regard the officials and people of the host country as \"\"clients\"\". This condition can be found in business or government. The term clientitis is somewhat similar to the phrases \"\"gone native\"\" or \"\"going native\"\". A hypothetical example of clientitis would be an American Foreign Service Officer (FSO), serving overseas at a U.S. Embassy, who drifts into a mode of routinely and automatically defending the actions of the host country government. In such an example, the officer has come to view the officials",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19953286",
"chunk_text": "\"Cash transfers\"\nCash transfers Cash transfers are direct transfer payments of money to eligible people. Cash transfers are usually provided by the state and federal government. Cash transfer programmes in developing countries are constrained by three factors: financial resources, institutional capacity and ideology. Governments in poorer countries tend to have restricted financial resources, and are therefore limited in the amount they can invest both directly in cash transfers and in measures to ensure that such programmes are effective. The amount invested is influenced by ‘value for money’ considerations, as well as by political and ideological concerns regarding ‘free handouts’ and ‘creating dependency’.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20231960",
"chunk_text": "\"Illicit financial flows\"\nIllicit financial flows Illicit financial flows, in economics, are a form of illegal capital flight that occurs when money is illegally earned, transferred, or spent. This money is intended to disappear from any record in the country of origin, and earnings on the stock of illicit financial flows outside a country generally do not return to the country of origin. Illicit financial flows can be generated in a variety of ways that are not revealed in national accounts or balance of payments figures, including trade mispricing, bulk cash movements, \"\"hawala\"\" transactions, and smuggling. Although illicit financial flows are closely related",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13658223",
"chunk_text": "\"Wire transfer\"\nWire transfer Wire transfer, bank transfer or credit transfer is a method of electronic funds transfer from one person or entity to another. A wire transfer can be made from one bank account to another bank account or through a transfer of cash at a cash office. Different wire transfer systems and operators provide a variety of options relative to the immediacy and finality of settlement and the cost, value, and volume of transactions. Central bank wire transfer systems, such as the Federal Reserve's FedWire system in the United States, are more likely to be real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13890200",
"chunk_text": "\"Reverse brain drain\"\nReverse brain drain Reverse brain drain is a form of brain drain where human capital moves in reverse from a more developed country to a less developed country that is developing rapidly. These migrants may accumulate savings, also known as remittances, and develop skills overseas that can be used in their home country. Brain drain can occur when scientists, engineers, or other intellectual elites migrate to a more developed country to learn in its universities, perform research, or gain working experience in areas where education and employment opportunities are limited in their home country. These professionals then return to their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11265354",
"chunk_text": "Remittance\nand overseas expats population, India consecutively remains the top receiver of remittance, e.g. with US$80 billion in 2018, US$65.3 billion (2.7% of India's GDP) in 2017, US$ 62.7 billion in 2016 and US$70 billion in 2014, Other top recipients in 2018 were US$67 billion to China, US$34 billion each to Philippines and Mexico, US$26 billion to Egypt. Remittances are playing an increasingly large role in the economies of many countries. They contribute to economic growth and to the livelihoods of those countries. According to World Bank estimates, remittances will total US$585.1 billion in 2016, of which US$442 billion went to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4194282",
"chunk_text": "\"International mobile remittance\"\nInternational mobile remittance International mobile remittance (also known as \"\"international mobile airtime recharge / international top-up / top-up credit\"\") is a remittance transfer service which allows a person in one country to securely and electronically transfer or top-up mobile credit to another mobile belonging to a family member or friend abroad. The top-up can happen through various payment mechanisms. The sender selects the country, mobile network, number of the recipient, mobile air time amount, and makes the transfer. The mobile air time is credited to the recipient instantly. The history of international mobile remittances is inextricably linked to the development",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10921258",
"chunk_text": "\"Cultural remittances\"\nThe return migrant also brings back with him the ability and incentive to challenge and change the society to which he returns because of his experiences. He brings back new ideas, work skills, artistic expression, and capital which help benefit the home nation. Not just in terms of money, but these new ideas will serve as a type of social change where there is progress toward the establishment of a self-reliant society. Remittances, monetary and cultural, help support the nation in building a stronger economy and contribute education, housing and business development. Music is also a cultural remittance. In Flores’",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17399507",
"chunk_text": "Offshoring\nOffshoring Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as accounting. Typically this refers to a company business, although state governments may also employ offshoring. More recently, offshoring has been associated primarily with the outsourcing of technical and administrative services supporting domestic and global operations from outside the home country (\"\"offshore outsourcing\"\"), by means of internal (captive) or external (outsourcing) delivery models. The term is in use in several distinct but closely related ways. It is sometimes used broadly to include substitution of a service",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17699970",
"chunk_text": "\"Gifting remittances\"\none point, be altruistic and at other self-interested. Tumama describes motivations for remitting among New Zealand migrants which range from future investments to maintaining kinship ties which pushed some to go without food while striving to remit. A motivation of self-interest may become necessary as “it is likely that the pressures of providing for a family in New Zealand may override the gift giving traditions for some younger Pacific people” who are unable to meet the financial stress of general and traditional gift giving. Focusing on El Salvador, Ester Hernandez and Susan Bibler Coutin, take the discussion of motives –",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20623710",
"chunk_text": "\"Informal value transfer system\"\nIn the past, the message could be delivered using couriers, with men or even animals (such as pigeons). Settlements are made either with a private delivery service or wire transfer in the opposite direction. Another method of balancing the books is to under-invoice goods shipped abroad, so that the receiver can resell the products at a higher market price. IVTS are used by a variety of individuals, businesses, organisations, and even governments to remit funds domestically and abroad. Expatriates and immigrants often use IVTS to send money back to their families and friends in their home countries (for workers who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15038533",
"chunk_text": "Remittance\nat the time of the survey regularly sent money home. The remittances sent by these 10 million immigrants were transmitted via more than 100 million individual transactions per year and amounted to an estimated $30 billion during 2004. Each transaction averaged about $150–$250, and, because these migrants tended to send smaller amounts more frequently than others, their remittances had a higher percentage of costs due to transfer fees. Migrants sent approximately 10% of their household incomes; these remittances made up a corresponding 50–80% of the household incomes for the recipients. Significant amounts of remittances were sent from 37 U.S. states,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19420277",
"chunk_text": "Payment\nPayment A payment is the trade of value from one party (such as a person or company) to another for goods, or services, or to fulfill a legal obligation. Payment can take a variety of forms. Barter, the exchange of one good or service for another, is a form of payment. The most common means of payment involve use of money, cheque, or debit, credit or bank transfers. Payments may also take complicated forms, such as stock issues or the transfer of anything of value or benefit to the parties. In US law, the payer is the party making a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1086081",
"chunk_text": "\"Relocation service\"\npermissions), finding a new house (accommodation), finding a school for children (education), finding a job for the partner or \"\"trailing spouse\"\", arranging a teacher for the family (language training) and introduce expatriates to the local culture. Dating back to the Dutch East India Company, sending an employee to work in another country (sometimes called a \"\"global assignment\"\" in current HR jargon) has carried considerable costs while theoretically opening the potential for financial returns for the employer. With tax equalization, housing allowance, cost-of-living adjustment and other benefits, the typical expatriate compensation package is two to three times the home-country base salary.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2461591",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittances from the United States\"\nthe exception of the 2008 global financial crisis, remittances sent from the U.S. have been consistently climbing for the past half century. This major increase in remittances can be partially attributed to the larger population of immigrants and migrant workers, as well as to increasing globalization in the financial and money markets. China and India are also major recipients of U.S. remittances, and are the top two recipients of remittances globally. Remittances from the U.S. to Latin America have been on the decline in the 2000s and 2010s. While there was USD 69.2 billion worth of remittances sent in 2008,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11057666",
"chunk_text": "Aid\nAid In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another. Aid may serve one or more functions: it may be given as a signal of diplomatic approval, or to strengthen a military ally, to reward a government for behaviour desired by the donor, to extend the donor's cultural influence, to provide infrastructure needed by the donor for resource extraction from the recipient country, or to gain other kinds of commercial access. Countries may provide aid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1632054",
"chunk_text": "Aid\nAid In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another. Aid may serve one or more functions: it may be given as a signal of diplomatic approval, or to strengthen a military ally, to reward a government for behaviour desired by the donor, to extend the donor's cultural influence, to provide infrastructure needed by the donor for resource extraction from the recipient country, or to gain other kinds of commercial access. Countries may provide aid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2461608",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittances from the United States\"\nGDP for that year. Undocumented Guatemalan migrants living in the U.S. make up the majority of remitters to the country. Young male migrants between 20–44 years old account for 63% of U.S. remitters. Many of these migrants have limited education and financial literacy. They typically send monthly remittances averaging $280 directly to their family members, the majority of whom live in rural areas of Guatemala with high levels of poverty. These remittances are primarily used for daily household expenses such as consumption, as well as for education and home improvement. Unskilled labor is the most common employment opportunity for them,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12932611",
"chunk_text": "Money\nMoney Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment. Any item or verifiable record that fulfils these functions can be considered as money. Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money. Fiat money, like any check",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4690645",
"chunk_text": "Clientitis\nOfficers from providing accurate analysis to policymakers. In the 1990s the phenomenon was seen within the State Department as being particularly acute in El Salvador, reflecting \"\"both the polarization of the country and the highly ideological position of the United States within that polarization.\"\" Clientitis Clientitis (also called clientism or localitis) is the tendency of resident in-country staff of an organization to regard the officials and people of the host country as \"\"clients\"\". This condition can be found in business or government. The term clientitis is somewhat similar to the phrases \"\"gone native\"\" or \"\"going native\"\". A hypothetical example of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14632497",
"chunk_text": "\"Remittances from the United States\"\nmoney to their families back home. Accessibility, Cost, and Speed are some of the major factors that contribute to their popularity. The use of formal methods by individual immigrants and workers in the U.S. has been increasing over the last decade, this can be attributed partially to a sharp decline in the average cost of formal money transfer systems, brought about by increased competition as more and more companies now offer their own international money transfer services. Another factor that has increased the use of formal methods has been the scrutiny which informal money transfers have come under. Since the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9421766",
"chunk_text": "Repatriation\nboundaries of a country, as in the case of returning internally displaced persons and demobilized combatants. Repatriation is linked with health care due to the costs and resources associated with providing medical treatment to travelers and immigrants pursuing citizenship. For example, if a foreign national is in the United States with a visa and becomes ill, the insurance that the visa holder has in his or her native country may not apply in the United States, especially if it is a country with universal health care coverage. This scenario forces hospitals to choose one of three options: Determining which option",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17246661",
"chunk_text": "Expatriate\nExpatriate An expatriate (often shortened to expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than their native country. In common usage, the term often refers to professionals, skilled workers, or artists taking positions outside their home country, either independently or sent abroad by their employers, who can be companies, universities, governments, or non-governmental organisations. Effectively migrant workers, they usually earn more than they would at home, and more than local employees. However, the term 'expatriate' is also used for retirees and others who have chosen to live outside their native country. Historically, it has also referred",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1161607",
"chunk_text": "\"Chain migration\"\nmarkets, chain migration via family has been used informally to balance out the gender ratio in ethnic immigrant communities. Remittances contribute to chain migration by aiding in both funding and interest in migration. Ralitza Dimova and Francois Charles Wolff argue that besides the recognized benefits remittances provide to the economies of the home countries of immigrants, money sent home can lead to chain migration. Dimova and Wolff posit that remittances can provide the necessary capital. H. van Dalen et al. “find that recipients of remittances are more likely to consider migrating than non-recipients. This study also references the fact that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13890203",
"chunk_text": "\"Reverse brain drain\"\nof the benefit of an inflow of high quality human resources which is brain gain. Reverse brain drain is sometimes related to the term ‘brain circulation', which is when migrants return to their own country on a regular or occasional basis, sharing the benefits of the skills and resources they have acquired while living and working abroad. An example of the benefits for the host countries, especially developing countries, are the payments of remittances. This provides a reason for governments to issue new legislation and tax rules that encourage outward migration and remittances. However, \"\"brain circulation\"\" is known as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16074465",
"chunk_text": "\"Home state regulation\"\nHome state regulation Home state regulation is a principle in the law of the European Union for resolving conflict of laws between Member States when dealing with cross-border selling or marketing of goods and services. The principle states that, where an action or service is performed in one country but received in another, the applicable law is the law of the country where the action or service is performed. It is also called home country control, country of origin rule, or country of origin principle. It is one possible rule of EU law, specifically of European Single Market law, that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14343204",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-deliverable forward\"\ncreate a foreign currency loan in a currency, which may not be of interest to the lender. For example, the borrower wants dollars but wants to make repayments in euros. So, the borrower receives a dollar sum and repayments will still be calculated in dollars, but payment will be made in euros, using the current exchange rate at time of repayment. The lender wants to lend dollars and receive repayments in dollars. So, at the same time as disbursing the dollar sum to the borrower, the lender enters into a non-deliverable forward agreement with a counterparty (for example, on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_896
|
how many points did lebron james scored in his career?
|
n/a
|
[
"31,038"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18455388",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\n2011, he has been ranked the best player in the NBA by ESPN and \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\". As an 18-year-old rookie, James led the Cavaliers in scoring. He holds numerous \"\"youngest to\"\" distinctions, including being the youngest player to score 30,000 career points. During his first stint in Cleveland, he was primarily used as an on-ball point forward, and although his shooting tendencies were perimeter-oriented, he established himself as one of the best slashers and finishers in basketball. His combination of speed, quickness, and size often created matchup problems for opposing teams because he was capable of blowing by larger defenders",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
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"chunk_id": "625396",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nWilt Chamberlain for fifth on the all-time NBA scoring list. On November 18, he scored a season-high 51 points in a 113–97 win over the Heat. James made his debut for the United States national team at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Greece. He spent the Games mostly on the bench, averaging 14.6 minutes per game with 5.8 points and 2.6 rebounds per game in eight games. Team USA finished the competition with a bronze medal, becoming the first U.S. basketball team to return home without a gold medal since adding active NBA players to their line-up. James felt his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
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{
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"chunk_id": "17022214",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nLeBron James LeBron Raymone James Sr. (; born December 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Often considered the best basketball player in the world and regarded by some as the greatest player of all time, James' accomplishments are extensive and include four NBA Most Valuable Player Awards, three NBA Finals MVP Awards, two Olympic gold medals, three All-Star Game MVP awards, and an NBA scoring title. He is the all-time NBA playoffs scoring leader and has amassed fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, twelve All-NBA First Team designations,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "625393",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nFebruary, Cleveland returned to form and James reached a number of historical milestones; for example, on March 30, he set an NBA record with 867 straight games scoring in double-digits. James eventually finished the season with averages of 27.5 points, 8.6 rebounds, and a career-high 9.2 assists and 4.2 turnovers per game. In the playoffs, he guided the Cavaliers to another Finals rematch with the Warriors. Along the way, he had some of the most memorable moments of his career, including a game-winning shot against the Pacers and another against the Raptors. In the first game of the Finals, James",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17022280",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nJames \"\"is the best player, he is the best leader and he is as smart as anybody playing the game right now.\"\" Standing and weighing , James has started at small forward and power forward, but he can also play the other three positions. Thoughout most of his career, he has controlled the offense as the primary ball handler on his team. His athletic and versatile playing style has drawn comparisons to Hall of Famers Oscar Robertson, Magic Johnson, and Michael Jordan. James's career averages are 27.2 points, 7.4 rebounds, 7.2 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.8 blocks per game. Since",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "625348",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nAAU basketball game. Some sports analysts, football critics, high school coaches, former and current players have speculated that James could have played in the National Football League. James was selected by his hometown team, the Cleveland Cavaliers, as the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft. In his first regular season game, he scored 25 points against the Sacramento Kings, setting an NBA record for most points scored by a prep-to-pro player in his debut performance. At the conclusion of the season, he was named the NBA Rookie of the Year, finishing with averages of 20.9 points, 5.5 rebounds,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10943088",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nand five All-Defensive First Team honors. A prep-to-pro, James played high school basketball for St. Vincent–St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio, where he was heavily touted in the national media as a future NBA superstar. He joined the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2003 as the first overall draft pick. James quickly emerged as a league star and concluded his first season by winning the NBA Rookie of the Year Award. He would go on to establish himself as one of the premier players in the NBA with multiple accolades, including being given the NBA Most Valuable Player",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17022217",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nwith Miami after four seasons to re-sign with the Cavaliers. In 2016, James led the Cavaliers to their first NBA championship by defeating the Golden State Warriors to end Cleveland's 52-year professional sports title drought. In 2018, he opted out of his Cleveland contract to sign with the Lakers. James was born on December 30, 1984, in Akron, Ohio to a 16-year-old mother, Gloria Marie James. His father, Anthony McClelland, has an extensive criminal record and was not involved in their life. When James was growing up, life was often a struggle for the family, as they moved from apartment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nhis actions during the 2010 free agency period and, more specifically, \"\"The Decision\"\", he was listed as one of most disliked athletes in the US. By 2013, his image had mostly recovered and he was reported by ESPN as the most popular player in the NBA for the second time in his career. In 2014, he was named the most popular male athlete in America by the Harris Poll. He has led the league in jersey sales six times. In March 2008, James became the first black manand third man overall after Richard Gere and George Clooneyto appear on the",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\n\"\"Sports Illustrated\"\", \"\"It's weird talking about a 20-year-old kid being a great player, but he is a great player ... He's the exception to almost every rule.\"\" On March 20, James scored 56 points against the Toronto Raptors, setting Cleveland's new single-game points record. With final averages of 27.2 points, 7.4 rebounds, 7.2 assists, and 2.2 steals per game, he was named to his first All-NBA Team. Despite a 30–20 record to start the year, the Cavaliers again failed to make the playoffs, finishing the season 42–40. At the 2006 All-Star Game, James led the East to victory with 29",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nbest in modern NBA history by ESPN. In February of the 2012–13 season, James averaged 29.7 points and 7.8 assists per game while setting multiple shooting efficiency records. That same month, the Heat also began a 27-game winning streak, the third longest in NBA history. Based on these accomplishments, James's performance was described as a \"\"month for the ages\"\" by \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\". Miami eventually finished the year with a franchise and league best 66–16 record, and James was named MVP for the fourth time, falling just one vote shy of becoming the first player in NBA history to win the",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nJames scored a career-high and franchise-record 61 points in a game against the Charlotte Bobcats. Throughout the year, he was one of the few staples for a Heat roster that used 20 different starting lineups due to injuries, finishing with averages of 27.1 points, 6.9 rebounds, and 6.4 assists per game on 56.7 percent shooting. In the second round of the playoffs, he tied a career postseason-high by scoring 49 points in Game 4 against the Brooklyn Nets. In the next round, Miami defeated the Pacers to earn their fourth consecutive Finals berth, becoming one of only four teams in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mark Termini\"\ncontract for LeBron James, which made him the highest paid player in the NBA for the first time in his career. They also finalized a four-year, $57 million deal for Klutch Sports Group client J.R. Smith just before the start of the 2016-17 season. Termini is often quoted in the media on issues related to sports economics and sports law. He has written on these topics as well. A former basketball standout in high school and college, Termini scored 1,161 career points when he played for Case Western Reserve University from 1974 through 1978. He averaged 21.7 points per game",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nPacers, leading Cleveland to a comeback victory after trailing by 25 points at halftime, representing the largest halftime deficit overcome in NBA playoff history. In Game 5 of the Conference Finals against the Celtics, James scored 35 points and surpassed Michael Jordan as the league's all-time postseason scoring leader. The Cavaliers won the game and the series, advancing to their third consecutive Finals against the Warriors. Behind averages of 33.6 points, 12 rebounds, and 10 assists per game, James became the first player to average a triple-double in the Finals, but Cleveland was defeated in five games. Prior to the",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\n14 All-NBA teams, which is tied for the fourth-most in league history, and 12 All-NBA first teams, which is an NBA record. With four MVP awards, he is part of a select group of players who have won the award four times, including Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Wilt Chamberlain, Michael Jordan, and Bill Russell; James and Russell are the only players to win four MVP awards in a five-year span. James has also won three Finals MVP Awards, which is tied for the second-most all-time, and earned All-Defensive honors every season from 2009 to 2014. While he has never won the Defensive",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nNBA history to do so. In Game 1 of the Finals, James missed most of the fourth quarter because of leg cramps, helping the Spurs take an early series lead. In Game 2, he led the Heat to a series-tying victory with 35 points on a 64 percent shooting rate. San Antonio eventually eliminated the Heat in five games, ending Miami's quest for a three-peat. For the Finals, James averaged 28.2 points, 7.8 rebounds, and 2.0 steals per game. On June 25, 2014, James opted out of his contract with the Heat, and on July 1, he officially became an",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\npoints, 8.3 rebounds, and 8 assists per game, finishing the postseason with a career playoff-high 35.3 points per game. In February of the 2009–10 season, James was forced into a temporary point guard role following a series of injuries to players in the Cavaliers' backcourt. Behind his leadership, Cleveland lost no momentum, finishing the year with the best record in the league for the second consecutive season. Due in part to his increased minutes as the Cavaliers' primary ball handler, James increased his statistical production, averaging 29.7 points, 7.3 rebounds, 8.6 assists, 1.6 steals, and 1 block per game on",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nPlayer of the Year Award, he has finished second in the voting twice and lists it as one of his main goals. His teams have appeared in the Finals nine times and won three championships. Some analysts have criticized him for not having a better Finals record, while others have defended him, arguing that James usually performed well, but his team was defeated by superior competition. James is widely considered to be one of the greatest basketball players of all-time. In February 2016, he was ranked fifth by \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\"; in March 2016, he was ranked third by ESPN; in",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nbeing ousted by the Detroit Pistons in the second round. In 2006–07, James's averages declined to 27.3 points, 6.7 rebounds, 6 assists, and 1.6 steals per game. Some analysts attributed the fall to a regression in his passing skills and shot selection, which stemmed from a lack of effort and focus. The Cavaliers finished the season with 50 wins for the second consecutive year and entered the playoffs as the East's second seed. In Game 5 of the NBA Conference Finals, James notched 48 points with 9 rebounds and 7 assists, scoring 29 of Cleveland's last 30 points, including the",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nand 5.9 assists per game. He became the first Cavalier to receive the honor and just the third player in NBA history to average at least 20 points, 5 rebounds, and 5 assists per game as a rookie. The Cavaliers finished the season 35–47, failing to make the playoffs despite an 18-game improvement over the previous year. James earned his first NBA All-Star Game selection in 2004–05, contributing 13 points, 8 rebounds, and 6 assists in a winning effort for the Eastern Conference. Around the league, teams took note of his rapid development, with Denver Nuggets coach George Karl telling",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\npoints and was named the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. Behind final season averages of 31.4 points, 7 rebounds, and 6.6 assists per game, he also finished second in overall NBA Most Valuable Player Award voting to Steve Nash. Under James's leadership, the Cavaliers qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1998. In his postseason debut, James recorded a triple-double in a winning effort versus the Washington Wizards. In Game 3 of the series, he made the first game-winning shot of his career, making another in Game 5. Cleveland would go on to defeat the Wizards before",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nwere sidelined due to injury, giving James more offensive responsibilities. Behind his leadership, the Cavaliers opened the series with a 2–1 lead before being eliminated in six games. Despite the loss, he received serious consideration for the Finals MVP Award, averaging 35.8 points, 13.3 rebounds, and 8.8 assists per game for the championship round. During the 2015–16 season, James was criticized for his role in several off-court controversies, including the midseason firing of Cavaliers' coach David Blatt. Despite these distractions, Cleveland finished the year with 57 wins and the best record in the East. James's final averages were 25.3 points,",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\ncompleted on July 9. In an interview with \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\", James's agent, Rich Paul, explained, \"\"In 2010, when he went to Miami, it was about championships. In 2014, when he went back to Cleveland, it was about delivering on a promise. In 2018, it was just about doing what he wants to do.\"\" Reaction to the move was more positive than his original departure from the Cavaliers, albeit still mixed, as some onlookers felt that Los Angeles was not his optimal destination. On November 14, 2018, James scored 44 points in a 126–117 win over the Portland Trail Blazers, passing",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nCleveland was eliminated in a sweep. In February of the 2007–08 season, James was named All-Star Game MVP for the second time behind a 27-point, 8-rebound, and 9-assist performance. On March 21, he moved past Brad Daugherty as the Cavaliers' all-time leading scorer in a game against the Raptors, doing so in over 100 less games than Daugherty. His 30 points per game were also the highest in the league, representing his first scoring title. Despite his individual accomplishments, Cleveland's record fell from the year before to 45–37. Seeded fourth in the East entering the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated the",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nstrains, which represented the longest stretch of missed games in his career. In total, he played a career-low 69 games and his final averages were 25.3 points, 6 rebounds, and 7.4 assists per game. In the second round of the playoffs, he hit a baseline jumper at the buzzer to give Cleveland a 2–2 series tie with the Bulls. In the Conference Finals, the Cavaliers defeated the Hawks to advance to the Finals, making James the first player since the 1960s to play in five consecutive Finals. For most of the Finals against the Golden State Warriors, Irving and Love",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nunderstood what it meant to put on a USA uniform and all the people that we were representing in 2004. We definitely know that now.\"\" At the Olympics, Team USA went unbeaten, winning their first gold medal since 2000. In the final game, James turned in 14 points, 6 rebounds, and 3 assists against Spain. James did not play at the 2010 FIBA World Championship but rejoined Team USA for the 2012 Olympics in London, England. He became the leader of the team with Kobe Bryant, who would soon be 34, stepping back. James facilitated the offense from the post",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\naward unanimously. His final season averages were 26.8 points, 8 rebounds, 7.3 assists, and 1.7 steals per game on 56.5 percent shooting. In Game 1 of the Conference Finals, James scored a buzzer-beating layup to give Miami a one-point victory against the Pacers. Throughout the series, his supporting cast struggled significantly, and his added scoring load prompted him to compare his responsibilities to those of his \"\"Cleveland days\"\". Despite these struggles, the Heat advanced to the Finals for a meeting with the Spurs, signifying a rematch for James from his first Finals six years earlier. At the beginning of the",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nstart of the 2017–18 season season, the Cavaliers overhauled their roster by moving Kyrie Irving to the Celtics, who requested a trade in part because he no longer wanted to play with James. After a slow start to the year, Cleveland rebounded by winning 18 of 19 games in December. Their turnaround began with a victory over the Wizards where James scored 57 points, which represented the second-highest point total of his career and tied a franchise record. In January, the Cavaliers had a losing record, and James was criticized for his lackluster effort. Following another round of trades in",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\n2014, some analysts noted a regression in his defensive impact, stemming from a lack of effort and expected age-related declines. James himself admitted to taking plays off at times, referring to this approach as \"\"chill mode\"\". James eventually developed a reputation for raising his defensive level in the playoffs, which some analysts referred to as \"\"Playoff LeBron\"\". James left high school as one of the most hyped basketball prospects of all-time. Upon entering the NBA, he made an immediate impact, and was voted Rookie of the Year in his debut season. As of June 2018, he has been named to",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nHis shooting also temporarily regressed, and he briefly ranked as the worst high-volume outside shooter from outside the paint in the NBA. Despite these changes, he has remained an elite offensive player who is capable of beating defenses with body control, strength, and varying attacking speeds. James's playmaking ability is generally considered to be one of his premier skills, with some analysts ranking him among the greatest passers in NBA history. Using his size, vision, and the attention he garners from opposing defenses to his advantage, James is able to create easy points for his teammates with accurate assists. He",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nscored a playoff career-high 51 points, but Cleveland was defeated in overtime. Following the defeat, James injured his hand after punching a wall in the locker room, which hindered his effectiveness for the remainder of the series. The Cavaliers lost the series in four games, with James averaging 34 points, 8.5 rebounds, and 10 assists per game for the Finals. On June 29, 2018, James opted out of his contract with the Cavaliers and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 1, his management company, Klutch Sports, announced that he would sign with the Los Angeles Lakers, which was officially",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nBefore naming James to the 2008 Olympic team, Team USA managing director Jerry Colangelo and coach Mike Krzyzewski gave James an ultimatum to improve his attitude, and he heeded their advice. At the FIBA Americas Championship 2007, he averaged 18.1 points, 3.6 rebounds, and 4.7 assists per game, including a 31-point performance against Argentina in the championship game, the most ever by an American in an Olympic qualifier. Team USA went 10–0, winning the gold medal and qualifying for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China. James credited the team's attitude and experience for their improvement, saying: \"\"I don't think we",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\npoints, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks in a single season. Behind his play and the acquisition of All-Star guard Mo Williams, Cleveland went a franchise record 66–16 and fell just one game short of matching the best home record in league history. With final averages of 28.4 points, 7.6 rebounds, 7.2 assists, 1.7 steals, and 1.2 blocks per game, James became the first Cavalier to win the MVP Award. Reflecting on James's performance for ESPN, John Hollinger later wrote, \"\"He's having what is arguably the greatest individual season in history, and it's time we gave him his due for it.\"\"",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\n19 rebounds, 10 assists, and nine turnovers in the losing effort. James became an unrestricted free agent at 12:01 am EDT on July 1, 2010. During this time, he was contacted by several teams, including the Bulls, Los Angeles Clippers, Miami Heat, New York Knicks, New Jersey Nets, and Cavaliers. On July 8, he announced on a live ESPN special titled \"\"The Decision\"\" that he would sign with the Heat. The telecast was broadcast from the Boys & Girls Club of Greenwich, Connecticut and raised $2.5 million for the charity. An additional $3.5 million was raised from advertising revenue, which",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\n7.4 rebounds, and 6.8 assists per game on 52 percent shooting. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers advanced comfortably to the Finals, losing only two games en route to a rematch with the Warriors, who were coming off a record-setting 73-win season. To begin the series, Cleveland fell behind 3–1, including two blowout losses. James responded by registering back-to-back 41 point games in Games 5 and 6, leading the Cavaliers to two consecutive wins to stave off elimination. In Game 7, he posted a triple-double and made a number of key plays, including \"\"The Block\"\" on Andre Iguodala, as Cleveland emerged",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nAs a result of James's endorsement money and NBA salary, he has been listed as one of the world's highest-paid athletes. In 2013, he surpassed Kobe Bryant as the highest paid basketball player in the world, with earnings of $56.5 million. In 2014, James realized a profit of more than $30 million as part of Apple's acquisition of Beats Electronics; he had originally struck a deal to get a small stake in the company at its inception in exchange for promoting its headphones. In 2015, he was ranked the sixth highest earning sportsperson, and third highest in 2016 (after Cristiano",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\ngame-winning layup with two seconds left, against the Pistons. After the game, play-by-play announcer Marv Albert called the performance \"\"one of the greatest moments in postseason history\"\" and color commentator Steve Kerr described it as \"\"Jordan-esque\"\". In 2012, ESPN ranked the performance the fourth greatest in modern NBA playoff history. The Cavaliers went on to win Game 6 and claim their first-ever Eastern Conference championship, earning them a matchup with the San Antonio Spurs in the NBA Finals. During the championship round, James struggled, averaging 22 points, 7.0 rebounds, and 6.8 assists per game on just 35.6 percent shooting, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nand perimeter, called the defensive sets, and provided scoring when needed. During a game against Australia, he recorded the first triple-double in U.S. Olympic basketball history with 11 points, 14 rebounds and 12 assists. Team USA went on to win their second straight gold medal, again defeating Spain in the final game. James contributed 19 points in the win, becoming the all-time leading scorer in U.S. men's basketball history. He also joined Michael Jordan as the only players to win an NBA MVP award, NBA championship, NBA Finals MVP, and Olympic gold medal in the same year. Afterwards, Krzyzewski said",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nallotted him the option of seeking a new contract worth more money as an unrestricted free agent following the 2010 season. This move ultimately allowed James, Dwyane Wade, and Chris Bosh to sign with the Heat together. During his second stint in Cleveland, he began opting out and re-signing on new contracts after each season in order to take advantage of higher salaries resulting from the NBA's rising salary cap. In 2016, he signed with the Cavaliers on a three-year deal, becoming the highest-paid player in the league for the first time in his career. James has signed numerous endorsement",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nand James's budding rival, Kevin Durant. Late in Game 4 of the series, James hit a three-pointer to give the Heat a lead, helping them win the game despite missing time with leg cramps. In Game 5, he registered a triple-double as Miami defeated Oklahoma City for their second-ever championship and James's first championship. James was unanimously voted the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player with averages of 28.6 points, 10.2 rebounds, and 7.4 assists per game. His full postseason run, in which he averaged 30.3 points, 9.7 rebounds, and 5.6 assists per game, was later ranked the second",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nAward in 2009 and 2010. However, after falling short of the championship expectations set by the media, fans, and himself, James departed Cleveland in 2010 as a free agent to sign with the Miami Heat. This move was announced in an ESPN special titled \"\"The Decision\"\", and is one of the most controversial free agent decisions in American sports history. In Miami, James won his first NBA championship in 2012, and followed that with another title a year later. He was named league MVP and NBA Finals MVP in both championship years. In 2014, James opted out of his contract",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nfirst game back after the suspension, James scored a career-high 52 points. St. Vincent-St. Mary went on to win the Division II championship, marking their third division title in four years. As an underclassman, James played wide receiver for St. Vincent-St. Mary's football team. He was recruited by some Division I programs, including Notre Dame. At the conclusion of his sophomore year, he was named first team all-state, and as a junior, he helped lead the Fighting Irish to the state semifinals. He did not play during his senior year because of a wrist injury that he sustained in an",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nvictorious, winning the city's first professional sports title in 52 years and becoming the first team in NBA history to come back from a 3–1 series deficit in the Finals. James became just the third player to record a triple-double in an NBA Finals Game 7, and behind series averages of 29.7 points, 11.3 rebounds, 8.9 assists, 2.3 blocks, and 2.6 steals per game, he also became the first player in league history to lead both teams in all five statistical categories for a playoff round, culminating in a unanimous Finals MVP selection. The 2016–17 season was marred by injuries",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nviewed more favorably. At the beginning of James's NBA career, he was considered a poor defensive player, but he improved steadily through the years. In 2009, he became proficient at the chase-down block, which involves coming in from behind the opposition in transition to block their shot. In Miami, he developed into a more versatile defensive player, and the Heat relied on him to guard all five positions. Along with Shane Battier and Dwyane Wade, Miami used James in an ultra-aggressive defensive scheme, with James cheating off the ball to help out inside or get into rebounding position. Beginning in",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nseries, he was criticized for his lack of aggressiveness and poor shot selection as Miami fell behind 2–3. In Game 6, he recorded his second triple-double of the series, including 16 fourth quarter points, to lead the Heat to a comeback victory. In Game 7, he tied the Finals record for most points scored in a Game 7 victory, leading Miami over San Antonio with 37 points. He was named Finals MVP for the second straight season, averaging 25.3 points, 10.9 rebounds, 7 assists, and 2.3 steals per game for the championship round. On March 3 of the 2013–14 season,",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nand overpowering smaller ones. These qualities became more apparent in transition, where he developed a reputation for grabbing defensive rebounds and then beating the defense downcourt for highlight reel baskets. Around this time, James was frequently criticized for not having a reliable jump shot or post game. Teams would try to exploit these weaknesses by giving him space in the half court and forcing him to settle for three-pointers and long two-pointers, a strategy famously utilized by Spurs coach Greg Popovich in the 2007 Finals, where James converted on only 36 percent of his field goals in four games. In",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nWizards in the first round for the third consecutive season before being eliminated in seven games by the eventual-champion Boston Celtics in the next round. During the decisive seventh game in Boston, James scored 45 points and Paul Pierce scored 41 in a game the Associated Press described as a \"\"shootout\"\". At the conclusion of the 2008–09 season, James finished second in NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award voting and made his first NBA All-Defensive Team, posting 23 chase-down blocks and a career-high 93 total blocks. He also became only the fourth postmerger player to lead his team in",
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"chunk_text": "\"James Jones (basketball player)\"\n11 points per game. He was named Third-team All-Big East his junior year and Second-team Verizon Academic All-American his senior year. He was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame in 2014. Jones was drafted by the Indiana Pacers in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft. He went on to play for the Pacers, Phoenix Suns, Portland Trail Blazers, Miami Heat and Cleveland Cavaliers. He won three NBA championships, two with the Heat and one with the Cavaliers. He and teammate LeBron James reached the NBA Finals for seven consecutive years from 2011 to 2017.",
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"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nhe famously knelt on the court in an emotional moment, later telling reporters that it was an extremely personal victory for him and the team. The Heat eventually advanced to the Finals, where they were defeated by the Dallas Mavericks in six games. James received the brunt of the criticism for the loss, averaging only three points in fourth quarters in the series. His Finals scoring average of 17.8 points per game signified an 8.9-point drop from the regular season, the largest point drop-off in league history. James was humbled by the Heat's loss to the Mavericks, and the experience",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18455401",
"chunk_text": "\"LeBron James\"\nand Chris Bosh, to bring James to Miami in 2010. James left CAA for Paul in 2012. James, Paul, Maverick Carter, and Randy Mims—all childhood friends—formed agent and sports-marketing company LRMR after James left Goodwin. LRMR handles James's marketing, including the marketing of \"\"The Decision\"\", for which it was criticized. Throughout his career, James has taken a unique approach to his NBA contracts, usually opting to sign shorter-term deals in order to maximize his earnings potential and flexibility; for example, in 2006, he and the Cavaliers negotiated a three-year, $60 million contract extension instead of the four-year maximum as it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_897
|
who was charlie writing to in perks of being a wallflower movie?
|
n/a
|
[
"an unknown recipient"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253802",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nThe Perks of Being a Wallflower (film) The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky, based on Chbosky’s 1999 novel of the same name. Logan Lerman stars as a teenager named Charlie who writes to an unnamed friend, and these epistles chronicle his trials, tribulations, and triumphs as he goes through his first year of high school. The film depicts his depression and anxiety as he goes through his journey in high school making new friends. The film's ensemble cast also features Emma Watson, Ezra Miller, Mae Whitman, Kate",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253825",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nWallflower\"\" one of the best films of the year. The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film) The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky, based on Chbosky’s 1999 novel of the same name. Logan Lerman stars as a teenager named Charlie who writes to an unnamed friend, and these epistles chronicle his trials, tribulations, and triumphs as he goes through his first year of high school. The film depicts his depression and anxiety as he goes through his journey in high school making new friends. The film's ensemble cast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253807",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\naccepted to Pennsylvania State University, so Charlie offers to tutor her, improving her grades. At Christmas, Sam gives Charlie a vintage typewriter to thank him for his help. The two discuss relationships, and Charlie reveals he has never been kissed. Sam, though already involved with someone else, tells Charlie she wants his first kiss to be from someone who loves him, and kisses him. Charlie, in love with Sam, begins to try to find ways to show her how he feels. At a regular \"\"Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\" performance, Charlie is asked to fill in for Sam's boyfriend Craig, who",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613615",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\n15-year-old protagonist, begins writing letters about his own life to an unknown recipient. In these letters he discusses his first year at high school and his struggles with two traumatic experiences: the suicide of his only middle-school friend, Michael Dobson, and the death of his favorite aunt, Helen. His English teacher, who encourages Charlie to call him Bill, notices Charlie's passion for reading and writing, and acts as a mentor by assigning him extracurricular books and reports. Although he is a wallflower, Charlie is befriended by two seniors: Patrick and Sam. Patrick is secretly dating Brad, a closeted football player,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253808",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nis not there. Their friend Mary Elizabeth (Mae Whitman) is impressed and asks Charlie to the Sadie Hawkins dance. The two enter into a unsatisfactory relationship. Finally, at a party, when Charlie is dared to kiss the prettiest girl in the room, he chooses Sam, upsetting both her and Mary Elizabeth. Patrick recommends Charlie stay away from the group for a while, and the isolation causes him to sink back into depression. He experiences flashbacks of his Aunt Helen (Melanie Lynskey), who died in a car accident when he was seven years old. Brad shows up to school with a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253811",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nup in a hospital, where psychiatrist Dr. Burton (Joan Cusack) manages to bring out Charlie's repressed memories which reveals that his aunt sexually abused him. The night Charlie is released from the hospital he is visited by Sam and Patrick. Sam explains what college life is like, and that she has found \"\"The Tunnel Song\"\" \"\"Heroes\"\" by David Bowie. The three revisit the tunnel, where Charlie kisses Sam again, and he stands up in the back of the truck. Charlie acknowledges that he feels alive and in that moment\"\"We are infinite.\"\" John Hughes read the novel and attempted to write",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613620",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nCharlie understands that he is recovering from his romance with Brad. Soon Patrick sees Brad engaging with a stranger in the park and Patrick is able to move on from the relationship. As the school year ends, Charlie is anxious about losing his older friends—especially Sam, who is leaving for a summer college-preparatory program and has learned that her boyfriend cheated on her. When Charlie helps her pack, they talk about his feelings for her; she is angry that he never acted on them. They begin to engage sexually, but Charlie suddenly grows inexplicably uncomfortable and stops Sam. Charlie begins",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253806",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nBrad (Johnny Simmons), a popular athlete, kissing. Patrick tells Charlie that Brad doesn't want anyone to know he's gay, so Charlie agrees to keep it a secret. Sam realizes that Charlie has no other friends, so she and Patrick make a special effort to bring Charlie into their group. On their way home the three hear an unknown song on the radio, Sam instructs Patrick to drive through a tunnel so she can stand up in the back of the pickup while the music blasts. Sam needs to improve her SAT scores to be have a better chance of being",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253805",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nsuffering from clinical depression from childhood setbacks has recently been discharged from a mental health care institution. Charlie is uneasy about beginning his freshman year of high school; he is shy and finds difficulty in making friends, but he connects with his English teacher, Mr. Anderson (Paul Rudd). Charlie meets two seniors, Sam (Emma Watson) and her stepbrother Patrick (Ezra Miller), at a football game and they invite him to a party. Charlie unknowingly eats a cannabis brownie, gets high and discloses to Sam that the year before, his best friend committed suicide. He also walks in on Patrick and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613614",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nPerks of Being a Wallflower\"\" , creating the characters and other aspects of the story from his own memories. The novel addresses themes permeating adolescence, including introversion, sexuality, drug use, and mental health, while also making several references to other literary works, films, and pop culture in general. Because of the mentioned themes, it was banned in some American schools for its content. In 2012, Chbosky himself adapted and directed a film version starring Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and Ezra Miller. The film boosted the novel's sales, and the book reached \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. Charlie, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613633",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nPerks of Being a Wallflower\"\", Chbosky aspired to adapt it into a film, calling this \"\"a lifelong dream of mine\"\". After the publication of the novel, the author said he received film offers, refusing them because he \"\"owed the fans a movie that was worthy of their love for the book\"\". In 2010 Mr. Mudd began developing a film version, and the author was signed to write and direct the film by producers John Malkovich, Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith. The film, shot in the Pittsburgh area from May 9 to June 29, 2011, starred Logan Lerman as Charlie, Emma",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613613",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nThe Perks of Being a Wallflower The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a coming-of-age epistolary novel by American writer Stephen Chbosky, which was first published on February 1, 1999, by Pocket Books. Set in the early 1990s, the novel follows Charlie, an introverted teenager, through his freshman year of high school in a Pittsburgh suburb. The novel details Charlie’s unconventional style of thinking as he navigates between the worlds of adolescence and adulthood, and attempts to deal with poignant questions spurred by his interactions with both his friends and family. Chbosky took five years to develop and publish \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613618",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nPicture Show\"\" performance, Charlie is asked to fill in as Rocky for Sam's boyfriend Craig, who is unavailable. Their friend Mary Elizabeth is impressed and asks Charlie to the Sadie Hawkins dance and they enter into a desultory relationship. The relationship ends, however, during a game of truth or dare when Charlie is dared to kiss the prettiest girl in the room. He kisses Sam, and Mary Elizabeth storms out of the room in response. Following this, Patrick suggests that Charlie stay away from Sam for a while, and the rest of the friend group shuns him. His flashbacks of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253804",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\n\"\"Ghost World\"\" and \"\"Juno\"\". The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, followed by the United States' theatrical release on September 21, 2012, by Summit Entertainment. It received positive critical response and commercial success, earning $33.4 million to a budget of $13 million. It received several accolades, including the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature, two Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations, including Best Adapted Screenplay for Chbosky, and the 2013 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film – Wide Release. Set in 1992, a young high school student, Charlie (Logan Lerman), who has been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613616",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nand Sam is Patrick's stepsister. Charlie quickly develops a crush on Sam and subsequently admits his feelings to her. It is revealed that Sam was sexually abused as a child, and she kisses Charlie to ensure that his first kiss is from someone who truly loves him. In parallel, Charlie witnesses his sister's boyfriend hit her across the face, but she forbids him from telling their parents. He eventually mentions the occurrence to Bill, who tells Charlie's parents about it. Charlie's relationship with his sister rapidly deteriorates and she continues to see her boyfriend against her parents' wishes. Eventually, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6292729",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nway to their own identity.\"\" The idea of anonymous letters came from a real experience; during his senior year in high school, Chbosky wrote an anonymous letter to Stewart Stern about how \"\"Rebel Without a Cause\"\" had influenced him. A year and a half later, Stern found Chbosky and became his mentor. By using a series of letters from Charlie to an anonymous character, Chbosky found \"\"the most intimate way\"\" to talk directly to the reader. He thought the letters would help him keep the story cohesive, \"\"to convey the highs and lows of being young—one day, you're on top",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6292728",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nCharlie was loosely based on Chbosky himself. In the novel, Chbosky included much of his own memories from the time he lived in Pittsburgh. The other characters were manifestations of people Chbosky had known throughout his life; Chbosky focused on people's struggles and what they are passionate about, attempting to pin down the very nature of each of the characters. The characters of Sam and Patrick were an \"\"amalgamate and celebration\"\" of several people Chbosky has met; Sam was based on girls who confided in him, and Patrick was \"\"all the kids I knew who were gay and finding their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253815",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nhe had seen \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\" there when younger. The film also has scenes within Pittsburgh city limits inside the Fort Pitt Tunnel, Fort Pitt Bridge on Interstate 376 and on Mount Washington. The Perks of Being a Wallflower (Soundtrack) is the official music for the book turned film, \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012).\"\" The soundtrack was selected by music supervisor, Alexandra Patsavas and the score was composed Michael Brook. The film itself follows the main characters Charlie, and step brother and sister combo Patrick and Sam, as they grow throughout high school. Screenwriter and director",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253810",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\non her. The night before she departs, she brings Charlie to her room. They confide in each other and kiss, but when Sam touches Charlie's thigh, he experiences a momentary flashback of his Aunt Helen, which he passes off as nothing, and they continue to kiss. After she leaves for college, though, his emotional state deteriorates and his flashbacks worsen. He calls his sister blaming himself for Helen's death, and admits he may have wanted it to happen. His sister realizes he is in trouble and calls the police. Charlie passes out as they burst through the door and wakes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253817",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nsoundtrack shows the three main characters with a green backdrop behind them. The character Sam (Emma Watson) is leaning her head on the main character Charlie’s (Logan Lerman) shoulder. The third member of the famous trio, Patrick (Ezra Miller), stands on the other side of Sam looking straight forward. Written above their heads are the words, “The Perks of being a Wallflower: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack”. Helping the film in its advertisement was the song \"\"It’s Time\"\" by the Las Vegas native band Imagine Dragons. This song found its way on the trailer for the movie, however, it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253809",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nblack eye having been caught by his father having sex with Patrick. Brad lies, saying that he was jumped and beaten up. Brad distances himself from Patrick, calling him a \"\"faggot\"\" causing Patrick to punch him. Brad's friends begin beating Patrick, but Charlie forcefully intervenes, then blacks out. When he recovers he finds that he has bruised knuckles and Brad's friends are on the floor, incapacitated. Sam and Patrick express their gratitude to Charlie, and the three become friends again. Sam is accepted into Penn State, and breaks up with Craig on prom night after learning he has been cheating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613619",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nAunt Helen return. Patrick and Brad's relationship is discovered by Brad's abusive father, and Brad disappears from school for a few days. Upon returning, Brad is cold and mean toward Patrick, while Patrick attempts to reconnect with him. However, when Brad derogatorily attacks Patrick's sexuality in public, Patrick physically attacks Brad until other football players join in and gang up on Patrick. Charlie joins in the fight to help Patrick, and breaks it up, regaining the respect of Sam and her friends. Patrick begins spending much of his time with Charlie and Patrick kisses Charlie impulsively and then apologizes, but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613617",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\ndiscovers that his sister is pregnant and agrees to bring her to an abortion clinic without telling anyone. His sister breaks up with her boyfriend, after which her and Charlie's relationship begins to improve significantly. Charlie is accepted by Sam and Patrick's group of friends and begins experimenting with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. At a party Charlie trips on LSD. He cannot control his flashbacks of Aunt Helen, who died in a car crash on her way to buy him a birthday gift. He ends up in the hospital after falling asleep in the snow. At a \"\"Rocky Horror",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253813",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nThe producersJohn Malkovich, Lianne Halfon, and Russell Smithhired Chbosky to write a screenplay adaptation (instead of Hughes) and to direct the film. Chbosky found value in half of Hughes' screenplay, so he negotiated for the rights from Hughes' heirs and added his own touches. In January 2011, Summit acquired distribution rights. The following month, Summit sought a buyer for the project at the European Film Market held simultaneously with the Berlin International Film Festival. In May 2010, actors Logan Lerman and Emma Watson were reported as in talks for the project and confirmed the following year. In April 2011, Mae",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253812",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\na screenplay after he got the rights from Chbosky; however, he never finished this screenplay. Hughes was going to use the project as a directorial comeback with more of a black comedy style. He had in mind particular actors while writing the screenplay, namely, Shia LaBeouf as Charlie, Kirsten Dunst as Sam and Patrick Fugit as Patrick. Other filmmakers who were interested in the project were Ron Howard, Richard Linklater, Josh Schwartz, McG, Joel Schumacher, Ryan Murphy and British filmmaker Danny Boyle. Mr. Mudd Productions (producers of \"\"Juno\"\") became interested in the project and wanted Chbosky to adapt the film.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253803",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nWalsh, Dylan McDermott, Nina Dobrev, Johnny Simmons, Erin Wilhelmi, Melanie Lynskey, Paul Rudd and Joan Cusack. John Hughes originally read the novel and attempted to write a screenplay after he got the rights from Chbosky; however, he never finished writing the screenplay. Mr. Mudd Productions wanted Chbosky to adapt his own novel; after he finished writing the screenplay, production was approved. Filming began in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on May 2011 and lasted approximately fifty days. This is one of the three films from John Malkovich, Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith's Mr. Mudd Productions that feature struggling teenagers; the other two are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253824",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nsuicide of Charlie’s best friend, which takes place before the film opens, seems glossed over too quickly\"\" despite the event being Charlie's main character motivation in the film. Jack Wilson of \"\"The Age\"\" writes, \"\"the script is transparently fake at almost every moment, congratulating the gang on their non-conformity while soft-pedalling any aspect of adolescent behaviourdrug use, sex, profanitythat might upset the American mainstream.\"\" Richard Corliss of \"\"Time\"\" criticized the casting of actors in their twenties to play teenagers, unlike the film \"\"Heathers\"\" where the cast were actually teenagers. MTV, \"\"Us Weekly\"\" and \"\"Complex\"\" named \"\"The Perks of Being a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613622",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nthe case with early childhood trauma, Charlie's young mind tried to protect him from his abuse, causing him to repress his traumatic memories. This psychological damage explains his flashbacks and derealization phases throughout the book. In two months Charlie is released, and Sam and Patrick visit him. In the epilogue, Sam, Patrick and Charlie go through the tunnel again and Charlie stands up and exclaims that he feels infinite. Charlie eventually comes to terms with his past: \"\"Even if we don't have the power to choose where we come from, we can still choose where we go from there\"\". Charlie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253814",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nWhitman signed on as Mary Elizabeth and Nina Dobrev was cast as Candace. Paul Rudd was cast as Mr Anderson later that month. On May 9, 2011, Kate Walsh announced that she was cast in the film as Charlie's mother and had begun filming. The film was shot in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area from May 9 to June 29, 2011. Initial filming began in Pittsburgh's South Hills, including South Park, Upper St. Clair, and Peters Township High School. \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\" scenes were filmed at The Hollywood Theater in Dormont after Chbosky learned that the theater was re-opening;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613634",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nWatson as Sam, Ezra Miller as Patrick, and Nina Dobrev as Charlie's sister, Candace. With the announcement of a film adaptation, the novel received more attention; its sales increased from 88,847 copies in 2011 to 425,933 in 2012, and it reached the \"\"New York Times\"\" bestseller lists. It entered the Children's Paperback Books category on the June 23, 2012 list, and had 1.5 million copies in print in November 2012. As of May 11, 2014 it appeared on \"\"The New York Times\"\" top 10 list for the 71st non-consecutive week, and was in the top 15 on the November 23",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613635",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nlist. It premiered on September 8, 2012 at the Toronto International Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United States by Summit Entertainment on September 21. According to Metacritic it has received \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\", with an average of 67 out of 100 based on 36 reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported an 86% approval rate, based on 153 reviews. The film grossed over $33 million worldwide from a $13 million production budget. Even though the movie was directed and scripted by the author himself, some scenes were omitted from the film adaptation. In the book, Charlie's parents are notified by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613621",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nto realize that his sexual contact with Sam has stirred up repressed memories of him being molested by his Aunt Helen as a little boy. Charlie shows signs of PTSD from the incident and the revelation of his abuse helps the reader understand his view of relationships and love. In an epilogue, Charlie is discovered by his parents in a catatonic state and does not show any movement despite being hit reluctantly by his father. After being admitted to a mental hospital, it is revealed that Helen actually sexually abused him when he was young. As is far too often",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253822",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nbe immediately likeable while still holding onto some deep darkness that can't be fully revealed until the end.\"\" John Anderson of \"\"Newsday\"\" also praised the cast saying \"\"As Sam, the quasi-bad girl trying to reinvent herself before college, she (Emma Watson) brings honesty and a lack of cliche to a character who might have been a standard-issue student. But equally fine are her co-stars: Ezra Miller, who plays the gay character Patrick as something messy and unusual; Paul Rudd, as their English teacher, is refreshingly thoughtful. And Charlie is portrayed by Lerman as quietly observant, yearning and delicate in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613629",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nwriter\"\"; he saw \"\"how readers could compare Charlie to Salinger's Holden Caulfield, but \"\"they are very different people with unique problems and perspectives\"\". More positive was Francisca Goldsmith of the \"\"School Library Journal\"\", who said the novel \"\"cleverly\"\" makes the readers the recipients of Charlie's letters, and it \"\"will engage teen readers for years to come.\"\" Common Sense Media's Kate Pavao praised its relevant themes for teenagers: \"\"Readers will find themselves quickly feeling sorry for the protagonist and worrying about him throughout his transformative journey.\"\" For \"\"The A.V. Club\"\", Marah Eakin wrote that although for an adult \"\"\"\"Perks\"\" suffers from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613636",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nBill that Candace is being abused by her boyfriend, to which his parents take direct intervention in the abusive relationship in the book. In addition, Candace gets pregnant by her abusive boyfriend and is accompanied by Charlie to the abortion clinic, a scene that is also omitted from the movie. In addition, one of the more important pieces of the book, the poem, was also one of the many deleted scenes. In the DVD, there is a special features section to watch scenes that were originally deleted from the movie. The Perks of Being a Wallflower The Perks of Being",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6292727",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nfuture, and not just romantic love. The story began when Chbosky was in school, evolving from another book on which he was working. In that book he wrote the sentence, \"\"I guess that's just one of the perks of being a wallflower\"\", which led him to realize \"\"that somewhere in that ... was the kid I was really trying to find.\"\" Chbosky began writing the novel in the summer of 1996 while he was in college, and within ten weeks he completed the story. He rewrote it into two more drafts, concluding the published version in the summer of 1998.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15253821",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)\"\nindicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". The lead cast also received positive notices. Ian Buckwalter of \"\"The Atlantic\"\" said \"\"The primary trio of actors delivers outstanding performances, starting with Watson, who sheds the memory of a decade playing Hermione in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series with an about-face as a flirtatious but insecure free spirit. Miller also plays against his most recent performance, which was as the tightly wound eponymous teenage psychopath in \"\"We Need to Talk About Kevin\"\", to deliver a giddy, scene-stealing turn as Patrick. Lerman, best known from the \"\"Percy Jackson\"\" series, shines as Charlie, a role that demands he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6292726",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\ndecides to \"\"participate\"\" in life, and his letter-writing ends. Chbosky incorporated both fictional ideas and personal experiences to the novel. After five years with these elements in mind, he had the idea of writing the novel during a difficult period in his life. He was experiencing an unpleasant breakup of his own, which led him to ask, \"\"Why good people let themselves get treated so badly?\"\" The author tried to answer the question with the sentence \"\"we accept the love we think we deserve\"\". This quoted references the struggle of finding self love, encompassing one's life and hope for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17850275",
"chunk_text": "\"Joan Cusack\"\nRoad\"\". For many years, Cusack was also the commercial spokeswoman for U.S. Cellular. One of Cusack's most well-known roles was the principal of Horace Green Elementary School, Rosalie 'Roz' Mullins, in \"\"School of Rock\"\". She also voiced Jessie in \"\"Toy Story 2\"\" and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\", and played Dr. Burton, the therapist of Charlie (Logan Lerman), in the teen film \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\" (2012). Cusack was a cast member on the NBC sketch show \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" from 1985 to 1986. Her recurring characters on \"\"SNL\"\" included Salena, a socially inept girl who tries to ask out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1591504",
"chunk_text": "\"Logan Lerman\"\nto leave his home... as a young kid\"\", in the 1930s. Lerman trained in sword fighting for three months and wore hair extensions to portray d'Artagnan, whom he has described as \"\"the most different character to me that I've ever played\"\". The film received negative reviews, with Michael Phillips of the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" writing that \"\"Lerman already has done solid work... but he's a blank slate here\"\". Lerman starred in a film adaptation of Stephen Chbosky's novel \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\", playing the lead role, Charlie; filming took place in 2011, and the movie was released in September",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613627",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nwe hope our life can be.\"\" As such, the book contains several cultural references across all mediums: musically the book references The Smiths and Fleetwood Mac, literarily the book references \"\"This Side of Paradise\"\", \"\"On the Road\"\", \"\"To Kill a Mockingbird\"\" and theatrically the book references \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\". \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\" was first published on February 1, 1999 by Pocket Books through its MTV Books imprint. It became the subsidiary's best-selling book with 100,000 copies in print as of 2000, and was included on school reading lists and gathered a cult following. By 2012,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10613628",
"chunk_text": "\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\nthe novel had been published in 16 countries in 13 languages, and that same year it placed at number 16 on NPR's list of the \"\"100 Best-Ever Teen Novels\"\". Critical response was mixed; \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\" called the novel \"\"trite\"\", dealing with \"\"standard teenage issues\"\" in which \"\"Chbosky infuses a droning insistence on Charlie's supersensitive disposition.\"\" Although \"\"Kirkus Reviews\"\" said it had \"\"the right combination of realism and uplift\"\", the reviewer criticized Chbosky's \"\"rip-off\"\" of J. D. Salinger's \"\"The Catcher in the Rye\"\". Although other reviewers made similar comparisons, Chbosky said he \"\"was not trying to mimic [Salinger's] style as a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15589775",
"chunk_text": "\"This Side of Paradise\"\nof the self.\"\" In the television series \"\"30 Rock\"\", the character Jack Donaghy (played by Alec Baldwin) says that he was awarded the \"\"Amory Blaine Handsomeness Scholarship\"\" by Princeton University. The 24th episode of the first season of \"\"Star Trek\"\" is called \"\"This Side of Paradise\"\" as well. Both were inspired by \"\"Rupert Brooke\"\"'s poem Tiare Tahiti. The book is read by the main character, Charlie, in Stephen Chbosky's coming-of-age novel \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\". Alternative band Glass Animals subtly referenced the novel on their 2016 album, How to Be a Human Being, with a track entitled \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16241657",
"chunk_text": "\"Rachel Stephens\"\nRachel Stephens Rachel Stephens is an American television, stage, and motion picture actress. She has a master's degree from Indiana University Bloomington in theatre arts. Prior to acting in movies she was a CBS research assistant and a television actress. Stephens performed on stage as a reporter in \"\"The Best Things In Life Are Free\"\" and as the sister of Hope Lange in \"\"Bus Stop (play)\"\" (1955). In 1972 she appeared with Jo Anne Worley at the Arlington Park Theater in Chicago. Stephens played Charlie's former mistress in a rendition of the comedy \"\"Goodbye Charlie\"\" by George Axelrod. She was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1174143",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlie Bartlett\"\nafter having an in-depth conversation with Principal Gardner. Charlie discovers Kip is writing a play about adolescent issues and pitches it to Gardner who is, at first, unsure but agrees when Kip says that it would make him less inclined to attempt suicide again. One day, Charlie comes by Susan's house to pick her up for a date and he gives her a pharmacy bag. Mr. Gardner comes out and, thinking the bag is full of \"\"inappropriate items\"\", attempts to grab Susan's to make her go into the house. Charlie warns Mr. Gardner not to touch Susan, but he pushes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4424618",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Chbosky\"\nthe first films shown on the Sundance Channel. In the late 1990s, Chbosky wrote several unproduced screenplays, including ones titled \"\"Audrey Hepburn's Neck\"\" and \"\"Schoolhouse Rock\"\". In 1994, Chbosky was working on a \"\"very different type of book\"\" than \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\" when he wrote the line, \"\"I guess that's just one of the perks of being a wallflower.\"\" Chbosky recalled that he \"\"wrote that line. And stopped. And realized that somewhere in that [sentence] was the kid I was really trying to find.\"\" After several years of gestation, Chbosky began researching and writing \"\"The Perks of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4424623",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Chbosky\"\nconvinced CBS to renew the series for a second season, which premiered on February 12, 2008, before being canceled once more in March 2008. Chbosky wrote the screenplay of and directed the film \"\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\"\", based on his novel. Production took place in mid-2011, and the film was released in fall 2012. The film starred Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and Ezra Miller. Chbosky was nominated in the Best Adapted Screenplay category for the 2013 Writers Guild Awards, and the film won the 2013 Independent Spirit Awards for Best First Feature, as well as the 2013 People's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20329956",
"chunk_text": "\"Nice to Meet You, Walden Schmidt\"\nexpresses dismay about it not being an open-casket ceremony. Alan yields the pulpit to Rose, who reveals that Charlie proposed to her in Paris. A few days later, however, Rose caught him in the shower with another woman, something everyone murmurs Charlie would do while Berta (Conchata Ferrell) announces the thought with a laugh. Rose then goes on to explain she forgave him and was greatly saddened when Charlie \"\"accidentally\"\" fell in front of a moving train the following day. Alan suspects that Rose might have had something to do with Charlie's death, but keeps silent while Berta quietly states",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11841161",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlie Harper (Two and a Half Men)\"\nsingle mother/author (Susan Blakely), but he later blew it with both women. In season 6, Charlie proposes to his girlfriend Chelsea (Jennifer Taylor, who has also played three other roles in earlier seasons) just to get her to return his love for her. But eventually turns out that it was the only love of his life when he dumped Mia and confessed his love for Chelsea. At the end of season 8 he goes off with Rose to a romantic getaway in Paris, which ultimately resulted in his 'death'. Charlie and Rose (Melanie Lynskey) spent one night together shortly before",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4424619",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Chbosky\"\nBeing a Wallflower\"\", an epistolary novel that follows the intellectual and emotional maturation of a teenager who uses the alias Charlie over the course of his first year of high school. The book is semi-autobiographical; Chbosky has said that he \"\"relate[s] to Charlie[...] But my life in high school was in many ways different.\"\" The book, Chbosky's first novel, was published by MTV Books in 1999, and was an immediate popular success with teenage readers; by 2000, the novel was MTV Books' best-selling title, and \"\"The New York Times\"\" noted in 2007 that it had sold more than 700,000 copies",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_898
|
who won the men's single title of australia open on 1 february 2015?
|
n/a
|
[
"Djokovic",
"Novak Djokovic"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1852456",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but he lost in the semifinals to Novak Djokovic. Andy Murray and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the third time, having met for the title in 2011 and 2013 with Djokovic winning both times. Djokovic went on to win his fifth Australian Open title by defeating Murray once again, 7–6, 6–7, 6–3, 6–0. The defeat saw Murray lose the Australian Open final for the fourth time in his career, becoming the first man in the Open Era to achieve four runner-up finishes in Melbourne. Roger Federer's streak",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8301013",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\n2015 Australian Open The 2015 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park from 19 January to 1 February 2015. It was the 103rd edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion in men's singles but lost to four-time Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic in the semi-finals. Reigning women's champion Li Na did not defend her title, as she retired from professional tennis in September, 2014. Novak Djokovic won an Open Era record fifth men's singles crown by defeating Andy Murray in the final,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "44651",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Andy Murray, 6–1, 7–5, 7–6 in a rematch of the previous year's final, and the fourth Australian Open final between the pair. Djokovic also equaled Roy Emerson's all-time men's record of six Australian Open singles titles. Murray also became the second man in the Open Era (after Ivan Lendl) to lose five Grand Slam finals at one event, and is the only one to have the distinction without having won the title. Australian Lleyton Hewitt, a 2005 finalist, two-time Grand Slam champion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1852457",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\nof eleven consecutive Australian Open semifinals ended when he lost to Andreas Seppi in the third round. The defeat marked Federer's earliest exit from the tournament since 2001. Nick Kyrgios became the first teenager to reach the Australian Open quarterfinals since Andrei Cherkasov in 1990 and the first Australian to reach that round since Lleyton Hewitt in 2005. Kyrgios also became the first teenager to reach a second Grand Slam quarterfinal since Rafael Nadal in 2006. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but he lost in the semifinals to Novak Djokovic.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "44652",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\nand former world No. 1, played his last professional singles matches. He lost to David Ferrer in the second round. 2016 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Andy Murray, 6–1, 7–5, 7–6 in a rematch of the previous year's final, and the fourth Australian Open final between the pair. Djokovic also equaled Roy Emerson's all-time men's record of six Australian Open singles titles. Murray also became the second man in the Open Era (after Ivan Lendl) to lose five Grand Slam finals at one event, and is the only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "716612",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 US Open – Men's Singles\"\n2015 US Open – Men's Singles Marin Čilić was the defending champion, but was defeated by the eventual champion, Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Djokovic went on to win the title, defeating Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4. By reaching the final, Djokovic became the third man to reach all four major Grand Slam finals in the same year in the Open Era after Rod Laver and Federer. Earlier that year, he won the Australian Open and Wimbledon and lost to Stan Wawrinka at Roland Garros. This was the first time since the 2010 US Open that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14686572",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nA$5,165,200 – for doubles players, A$480,000 for mixed doubles players and A$605,330 for competitors in other events, while A$3,609,470 was used to cover other fees, including players' per diem and trophies. 2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles This was the third time these two players met in the final. The other two times were in 2011 and 2013, when Djokovic won. This time would prove no different with Djokovic winning his fifth title, an Open Era record, to go along with his titles in 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013. This victory was Djokovic's eighth grand slam title, tying him in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5823264",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 French Open – Men's Singles\"\nin the quarterfinals, meaning that for the first time since 2004, neither Nadal nor Federer would win the title. This was the most recent time Federer competed at the French Open. Wawrinka defeated Djokovic in the final, 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 6–4, to win his first French Open and second Grand Slam title. As he did when he won the 2014 Australian Open, Wawrinka defeated the world No. 1 and world No. 2 on his way to the title. 2015 French Open – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was five-time defending champion, but was defeated by Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals. This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12940455",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2018 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–2, 6–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1. It was Federer's 20th Grand Slam singles title and record-equalling sixth Australian Open men's singles title (tied with Roy Emerson and Novak Djokovic). With the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least six titles at two Grand Slam tournaments (six at the Australian Open and eight at Wimbledon). Federer became the oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era since Ken Rosewall in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14686565",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nand this was the third time they met each other in the final. Serena Williams won an Open Era record six women's singles championships by defeating Maria Sharapova in the final, and this was the second time they met each other in the final. Simone Bolelli and Fabio Fognini teamed up to win the men's doubles title for the first time over the team of Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut. Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie Šafářová teamed up to win the women's doubles crown for the first time over the team of Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie. Martina Hingis and Leander",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10759328",
"chunk_text": "\"Simone Bolelli\"\nhe preferred to work on his fast-court game in Asia. \"\"Current through the 2018 US Open.\"\" Notes<br> Simone Bolelli Simone Bolelli (; born 8 October 1985) is an Italian professional tennis player. Bolelli is a Grand Slam champion since he won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event with Fabio Fognini, becoming the first all Italian men's pair to win a Grand Slam title in the Open Era. In 2003, Bolelli reached his first ITF Futures tournament semifinal at Egypt F1, losing to 485th-ranked Jaroslav Pospíšil. He played entirely Futures events except for one Challenger tournament in Brindisi. 2004 saw Simone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "716613",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 US Open – Men's Singles\"\nAndy Murray was beaten before the quarter-finals of a Grand Slam tournament, losing to Kevin Anderson in the fourth round. This ended a streak of 18 consecutive Grand Slam quarter-finals (he missed the 2013 French Open due to injury). This was also the last Grand Slam tournament for former World No. 7 Mardy Fish and former top fifteen player Jarkko Nieminen. 2015 US Open – Men's Singles Marin Čilić was the defending champion, but was defeated by the eventual champion, Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Djokovic went on to win the title, defeating Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 5–7,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4509198",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\nthe win, Federer became the first male player to win at least five titles at three Grand Slam tournaments (five at the Australian Open, seven at Wimbledon and five at the US Open). The win was also Federer's first title on the ATP tour in over 12 months; his last win was at Basel on 1 November 2015. This was the first Grand Slam tournament in which Andy Murray started as World No. 1 and top seed. Murray retained the top ranking despite losing to Mischa Zverev in the fourth round, because second seeded Djokovic needed to win the tournament",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14686573",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nthe Open Era with Jimmy Connors, Ivan Lendl and Andre Agassi. This was Murray's fourth loss in the final of the Australian Open, three of them to Djokovic and one to Roger Federer in 2010. This marks the first time since Björn Borg at the US Open that someone has lost all four of his final appearances at a particular grand slam event. This marked the second time these two players met in the final. The other time was in 2007, which Williams won. This time would be exactly the same, with Williams winning her sixth title (an Open Era",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9234399",
"chunk_text": "\"Lleyton Hewitt\"\nLleyton Hewitt Lleyton Glynn Hewitt (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian professional tennis player and former world No. 1. He is the last Australian male to win a men's singles Grand Slam title. In November 2001 Hewitt became the youngest male ever to be ranked No. 1 in the world in singles at the age of . He won 30 singles titles and 3 doubles titles, his highlights being the 2001 US Open and 2002 Wimbledon men's singles titles, the 2000 US Open men's doubles title, back-to-back Tennis Masters Cup titles in 2001 and 2002, and the Davis Cup",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7251973",
"chunk_text": "\"2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic in 2011, 2012 and 2013) to win three consecutive Australian Open titles. Rafael Nadal can become the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8211218",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\nwin a Grand Slam since Juan Martín del Potro won the 2009 US Open. He also became the first male player to defeat the top two seeds at a Grand Slam since Sergi Bruguera at the 1993 French Open. By participating in this tournament, Roger Federer broke the record of consecutive Grand Slam appearances as this was his 57th consecutive appearance at a Major. Rafael Nadal \"\"(Final)\"\" 2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to eventual champion Stanislas Wawrinka, bringing Djokovic's 25-match winning streak at the Australian Open, 28-match",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17769592",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 ATP World Tour Finals\"\nrun to the US Open final, Roger Federer became the third man to qualify. Roger Federer made a winning start to his 2015 season, winning the title at the Brisbane International, defeating Milos Raonic in three tight sets the final. He couldn't carry the momentum into the Australian Open however, losing in the third round against Andreas Seppi, bringing to an end his record streak of 11 consecutive semifinal appearances in Melbourne. Federer rebounded well in the Dubai Tennis Championships reaching his second final of the season, and subsequently defeating Novak Djokovic to win the title in Dubai for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8211217",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2014 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to eventual champion Stanislas Wawrinka, bringing Djokovic's 25-match winning streak at the Australian Open, 28-match winning streak overall, and streak of 14 consecutive Grand Slam semifinals to an end. Rafael Nadal was trying to become the third man to complete a double career Grand Slam and was also trying to tie Pete Sampras's record of 14 Grand Slam wins. Eighth seed Wawrinka won the title by defeating top seed Nadal in the final, becoming the first man outside the Big Four to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14642716",
"chunk_text": "\"2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\nappearance from Spaniard David Ferrer, who lost to Lee Hyung-taik in the first round and was also the final Grand Slam appearance of former no. 4 player Richard Krajicek. The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated. 2003 Australian Open – Men's Singles Thomas Johansson was the defending champion, but he did not participate this year due to an injury. Andre Agassi defeated Rainer Schüttler 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 in the final to win the Men's Singles title at the 2003 Australian Open. This was Agassi's eighth and last",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "567115",
"chunk_text": "\"Novak Djokovic\"\nNovak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( / \"\"Novak Đoković\"\", ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Djokovic has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 32 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for over 200 weeks. In majors, he has won six Australian Open titles, four Wimbledon titles, three US Open titles and one French Open title. Following",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11208724",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Courier\"\nJim Courier James Spencer Courier Jr. (born August 17, 1970) is an American former world No. 1 professional tennis player. During his career, he won four Grand Slam singles titles, two at the French Open and two at the Australian Open. He holds the record for being the youngest man to have reached the finals of all four Grand Slam singles tournaments, at the age of 22 years and 11 months. He also won five Masters 1000 series titles. Until Novak Djokovic in 2016, Courier was the last man to win both the Australian and French Open titles in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14904296",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Brisbane International\"\n2015 Brisbane International The 2015 Brisbane International was a tournament of the 2015 ATP World Tour and 2015 WTA Tour. It was played on outdoor hard courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson. It was held from 4 to 11 January 2015. It was part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year. It was announced on 1 September 2014 that Roger Federer had again committed to the event. Federer and Sharapova won the singles titles. <br>",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14686575",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nthe event and in their respective careers. One of their finalist opponents, Zheng Jie won the title in 2006 with Yan Zi. This was a match of past mixed doubles champions at the event, which Hingis won with Mahesh Bhupathi in 2006, while her partner Paes won titles in 2003 with Martina Navratilova and in 2010 with Cara Black. Their finalist opponents' won the event last year, but Nestor won titles in 2007 with Elena Likhovtseva and 2011 with Katarina Srebotnik. This was Hingis' second mixed doubles title for her career, and for Paes' it is his seventh mixed doubles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16291377",
"chunk_text": "\"Simone Bolelli\"\nSimone Bolelli Simone Bolelli (; born 8 October 1985) is an Italian professional tennis player. Bolelli is a Grand Slam champion since he won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event with Fabio Fognini, becoming the first all Italian men's pair to win a Grand Slam title in the Open Era. In 2003, Bolelli reached his first ITF Futures tournament semifinal at Egypt F1, losing to 485th-ranked Jaroslav Pospíšil. He played entirely Futures events except for one Challenger tournament in Brindisi. 2004 saw Simone reached his second Futures final, losing to Dominique Coene. He made another final and won two Futures",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3411343",
"chunk_text": "\"Kooyong Classic\"\nAssociated Motor Insurers Limited (AAMI) eventually picked up the event's sponsorship in 2006 for a three-years contract, renewed in 2009 -starting the tournament's run as the \"\"AAMI Classic\"\". 2003 US Open champion Andy Roddick tied countrymen Chang and Agassi with three titles (2006, 2007, 2008), Roger Federer won his second title (2009), Fernando Verdasco became the first Spanish champion at the event (2010), before 19-year-old Bernard Tomic (2012) and former World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt (2011, 2013) claimed three consecutive titles for Australia. Questions rose recently concerning the Kooyong event's future, as new tune-up events for the Australian Open flourished,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16680768",
"chunk_text": "\"Benoît Paire\"\nBenoît Paire Benoît Paire (; born 8 May 1989) is a French professional tennis player. His best result in a Grand Slam came at the US Open in 2015, where he reached the fourth round. He has won one singles title, at the 2015 Swedish Open, and his career-high singles ranking is World No. 18, first achieved in January 2016. His current ATP ranking is 52, as of July 23, 2018. In 2015, Paire was voted Comeback Player of the Year, rising from #126 to a then career-high #19 after a knee injury had sidelined him for much of 2014.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1470028",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\"\n2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19634603",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open\"\nallow him to successfully serve out the match in the final ninth game. This was Roger Federer's 18th Grand Slam singles title, the most ever by a man in the history of tennis, and it was his fifth Australian Open title, just one shy of the record co-held by Novak Djokovic and Roy Emerson. Federer would go on to equal this record by defending his title successfully the next year. This was a rematch of the 2003 Australian Open final, where Serena Williams completed the first \"\"Serena Slam\"\" and her career Grand Slam, whilst Serena won five more Australian Open",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14686571",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nstuff.\"\" At least one media outlet pointed out that as part of a pre-tournament interview Rafael Nadal was asked to take off his shirt for the enjoyment of female fans. Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The Australian Open total prize money for 2015 was increased to A$40,000,000, with men's and women's singles champions to receive a tournament-record 3.1 million Australian dollars reward. Out of total prize money, A$28,796,000 was paid for players competing in singles main draw, further A$1,344,000 for players, who lost in qualifying,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11562839",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Novak Djokovic tennis season\"\nrecord breaking amount of prize money. Djokovic had an impressive 15-4 record against the other 3 members of male tennis's Big Four, including a 4-0 record versus Rafael Nadal, 6-1 record against Andy Murray, and a 5-3 record against Roger Federer. Some experts consider it the greatest season ever in men's tennis. Djokovic managed to reach the final of the 2015 Australian Open after beating Milos Raonic in the quarterfinals and defending champion Stan Wawrinka in the semifinals. He would then defeat Andy Murray in the final, earning him a fifth Australian Open title, an Open Era record. At the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11333788",
"chunk_text": "\"Lleyton Hewitt\"\nthe amount of tax he would otherwise have had to pay, Hewitt relocated his family for the European and North American season to their home in the Old Fort Bay estate, in Nassau, Bahamas. Hewitt has a nickname, 'Rusty', which was given to him by Darren Cahill who at the time thought Hewitt resembled the character Rusty, from the National Lampoon film series. Lleyton Hewitt Lleyton Glynn Hewitt (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian professional tennis player and former world No. 1. He is the last Australian male to win a men's singles Grand Slam title. In November 2001",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14686574",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nrecord), to go along with wins in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2010. This was her nineteenth career grand slam singles title, behind only Steffi Graf's twenty-two titles in the Open Era of tennis. This was Sharapova's third loss in the final; the other two losses were in 2012 to Victoria Azarenka and to Williams in 2007. Sharapova won the title in 2008. This was the first men's doubles title for the team of Bolelli and Fognini at the event and in their respective careers. This was the first women's doubles title for the team of Mattek-Sands and Šafářová at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7251974",
"chunk_text": "\"2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\nfirst player in the Open Era to achieve a double career grand slam by winning this tournament. 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "854486",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 Australian Open\"\n2016 Australian Open The 2016 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 18–31 January 2016. It was the 104th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments. Novak Djokovic successfully defended the men's singles title and thus won a record-equaling sixth Australian Open title. Serena Williams was the defending champion in the women's singles but failed to defend her title, losing to Angelique",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18238929",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final\"\nhis years-long quest since his 2012 Wimbledon title win for his 18th Grand Slam singles title, which previously saw three finals appearances and losses all to then-reigning No. 1 Novak Djokovic at the 2014 Wimbledon, 2015 Wimbledon and the 2015 US Open. At 35 years and 174 days of age, Federer became the second-oldest winner of a Grand Slam after Ken Rosewall since 1972. Considered altogether along with his return from his six-month injury layoff, his 2017 Australian Open run seeing three 5-set match wins over top 10 players, and his Grand Slam match history of losses against Nadal, Federer's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6379781",
"chunk_text": "\"Marc Polmans\"\nOctober, Polmans partnered Jeremy Beale to win his first doubles challenger title at Traralgon. Marc Polmans Marc David Polmans (born 2 May 1997) is a South African-born Australian tennis player. Polmans won the 2015 Australian Open – Boys' Doubles title with fellow Australian Jake Delaney, defeating Hubert Hurkacz and Alex Molčan in the final, 0–6, 6–2, [10–8]. He reached the semi-final of the 2017 Australian Open – Men's Doubles with Andrew Whittington. Polmans has a career high ATP singles ranking of 161 achieved in October 2018. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 68 achieved on 16",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17551081",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final\"\nThe most striking difference between this match and past Fedal Slam finals is that Federer hit more than double the number of winning shots than Nadal, 73 to 35. Winning his 5th Australian Open men's singles title, Roger Federer extended his all-time record of Grand Slam titles to 18, pulling four ahead of the second all-time count of 14 held by Rafael Nadal and Pete Sampras. Federer also became the first man ever to win at least 5 singles majors at 3 different Grand Slams each (Australian Open, Wimbledon, and US Open). In addition to being denied his third effort",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16134087",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 French Open – Men's Singles\"\n2016 French Open – Men's Singles Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Andy Murray. Murray became the first British man since Bunny Austin in 1937 to reach the final. Novak Djokovic won his first French Open title, defeating Murray in the final, 3–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4. Djokovic completed a career Grand Slam and achieved a non-calendar year Grand Slam with this title, becoming the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four major titles at once and the first man in history to do so on three different surfaces. Djokovic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8301015",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Australian Open\"\nPaes teamed up to win the mixed doubles title, it was the second for Hingis and third for Paes, over the defending champions Kristina Mladenovic and Daniel Nestor. The 2015 Australian Open was the 103rd edition of the tournament and was held at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The tournament was run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and was part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and the 2015 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consisted of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as well as a mixed doubles event. There were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17488516",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 US Open Series\"\nto win her fourth title of the year, tying Serena Williams at the moment. Eight of the world top 10 players headlined the event, with Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka led the field. Qualifier Ernests Gulbis had two match points against first seed Djokovic in quarterfinals, but eventually lost. Djokovic went on to reach the final, after win over another unseeded player, Jérémy Chardy. Murray beat defending champion Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in quarterfinals, before losing just three games against Kei Nishikori in semifinals. Murray defeated Djokovic in the final 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, meaning that Djokovic lost for the first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20439508",
"chunk_text": "\"Novak Djokovic\"\nDjokovic was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. The foundation partnered with the World Bank in August 2015 to promote early childhood education in Serbia. Following his 2016 Australian Open victory, Djokovic donated $20,000.00 to Melbourne City Mission's early childhood education programme to help disadvantaged children. \"\"Current through the 2018 ATP Finals.\"\" Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( / \"\"Novak Đoković\"\", ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Djokovic has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1470030",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\"\nSteve Darcis (135th) in 2013, and Nick Kyrgios (144th) in 2014. This was the first major since the 2002 US Open where Spaniard David Ferrer (world number eight) did not participate in as he withdrew with an elbow injury that occurred in the lead up tournament at the 2015 Queen's Club Championships. This ended Ferrer's streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. This is also the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future three-time Masters 1000 champion and world number 3 Alexander Zverev. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11905168",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 Novak Djokovic tennis season\"\nof 2nd place on the list for most Australian Open match-wins in the Open Era) to win his eleventh major title (3rd consecutive win Grand Slam), placing him in equal fifth place on the all-time list with Björn Borg and Rod Laver. His sixth title in Melbourne equals Roy Emerson's record. He also won his seventh (2015 US Open, 2015 Beijing, 2015 Shanghai, 2015 Paris, the 2015 ATP World Tour Finals, 2016 Doha and 2016 Australian Open) consecutive Tour-level title. Djokovic began 16th Grand Slam tournament as the No. 1 seed. It's also the fourth time in five years at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19559714",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Kyrgios\"\nNick Kyrgios Nicholas Hilmy Kyrgios ( ; born 27 April 1995) is an Australian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 35 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He is currently the second highest-ranked Australian in the ATP rankings. Kyrgios has won four ATP Titles, and has reached seven ATP finals, including the 2017 Cincinnati Masters. During his junior career, Kyrgios won the boys' singles event at the 2013 Australian Open and the boys' doubles event at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships. During his professional career, Kyrgios reached the quarter-finals of the 2014 Wimbledon Championships—upsetting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4169276",
"chunk_text": "\"2015 ATP World Tour Finals\"\nfifth title of the year at the Erste Bank Open, defeating Steve Johnson to bring his finals record in the year to 5–0. He followed it up with a semifinal showing at the BNP Paribas Masters falling to Murray. Kei Nishikori began the 2015 season by participating in the Brisbane International and reached the semifinals before being beaten by Milos Raonic in 3 tight-set tiebreaks. Nishikori equalled his best record yet in the Australian Open by reaching the quarterfinals, but he was beaten in straight sets by defending champion Stan Wawrinka. Nishikori won his eighth singles title and became the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4509197",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to the 117th ranked Denis Istomin from Uzbekistan. It was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, where he lost to Marat Safin, that Djokovic failed to make it past the second round of a major and the first time since the 2006 Australian Open that he failed to make it to the third round in Melbourne. Roger Federer won his fifth Australian Open title, and 18th Major title overall, defeating Rafael Nadal in the final in five sets. With",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18238921",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final\"\n2017 Australian Open men's singles final would either see Federer breaking his historic all-time record of 17 men's Grand Slam singles titles, or, Nadal with 15 Grand Slam singles titles that would break the tie between himself and Sampras' Grand Slam title count and subsequently narrow the Grand Slam title count gap between himself and Federer. Furthermore, should Nadal win, he would become the first man in the Open Era to achieve a double career Grand Slam, winning each of the Grand Slams at least twice in men's singles. Numerous tennis players and legends fielded their opinions on the match",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17486269",
"chunk_text": "\"2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and successfully defended his title by defeating Andy Murray in the final 6–7, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2. In winning the 2013 title, Djokovic became the first man in the Open Era to win the Australian Open three consecutive times, and the third man after Roger Federer and Andre Agassi to win the title four times overall. Djokovic retained the ATP number 1 ranking by reaching the semifinals after Federer failed to win the title. They were in contention for the top ranking at the start of the tournament.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17486268",
"chunk_text": "\"2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles\"\n2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and successfully defended his title by defeating Andy Murray in the final 6–7, 7–6, 6–3, 6–2. In winning the 2013 title, Djokovic became the first man in the Open Era to win the Australian Open three consecutive times, and the third man after Roger Federer and Andre Agassi to win the title four times overall. Djokovic retained the ATP number 1 ranking by reaching the semifinals after Federer failed to win the title. They were in contention for the top ranking at the start of the tournament.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_899
|
who played mr. willoughby in sense and sensibility?
|
n/a
|
[
"Matthew Gregory Wise"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5646839",
"chunk_text": "\"Greg Wise\"\nGreg Wise Matthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in many British television works, as well as several feature films (notably the role of John Willoughby in \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\"). He was born to architect parents in Newcastle upon Tyne, and was educated at the independent St Peter's School, York. He went to Heriot-Watt University to study architecture and performed with the Edinburgh University Theatre Company. Wise then moved to Glasgow where he studied drama at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. He then travelled in the Far East.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3342903",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\n1995, though some of the actors met with Thompson the previous year to help her conceptualise the script. Lee eventually cast all but one of them: Hugh Grant (as Edward Ferrars), Robert Hardy (as Sir John Middleton), Harriet Walter (as Fanny Ferrars Dashwood), Imelda Staunton (as Charlotte Jennings Palmer), and Hugh Laurie (as Mr. Palmer). Amanda Root had also worked with Thompson on the screenplay, but had already committed to star in the 1995 film \"\"Persuasion\"\". Commenting on the casting of Laurie, whom she had known for years, Thompson has said, \"\"There is no one [else] on the planet who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5646842",
"chunk_text": "\"Greg Wise\"\nDame Emma Thompson, star and writer of \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\", since 2003. The couple had a daughter, Gaia (born in 2000). In 2003, they informally adopted a Rwandan orphan and former child soldier named Tindyebwa Agaba. They met at a Refugee Council event when he was 16, and she invited him to spend Christmas at their home. Later Agaba became a British citizen in 2009. Greg Wise Matthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in many British television works, as well as several feature films (notably the role of John Willoughby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13928272",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\nMrs. Jennings, Imogen Stubbs as Lucy Steele, Richard Lumsden as Robert Ferrars, Tom Wilkinson as Mr. Dashwood, and Lone Vidahl as Miss Grey. According to Austen scholar Linda Troost, the costumes used in \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" helped emphasise the class and status of the various characters, particularly among the Dashwoods. They were created by Jenny Beavan and John Bright, a team of designers best known for Merchant Ivory films who began working together in 1984. The two attempted to create accurate period dress, and featured the \"\"fuller, classical look and colours of the late 18th century.\"\" They found inspiration in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13100601",
"chunk_text": "\"James Fleet\"\nJohn Dashwood in 1995's \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" and that of Lytton Strachey in the 2003 film \"\"Al Sur de Granada\"\" (\"\"South from Granada\"\"). In 2014 he played John Constable in the Mike Leigh film \"\"Mr Turner\"\". He played Kevin’s dad in the 2000 cult film \"\"Kevin and Perry Go Large\"\". James Fleet James Edward Fleet (born 11 March 1952) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" and the dim-witted but kind Hugo Horton in the BBC sitcom television",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4351956",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\nMarianne, but she believes he is too old for her. While out walking with Margaret, Marianne falls and twists her ankle. She is rescued by a young man, who carries her back to the cottage. He introduces himself as John Willoughby (Dominic Cooper), and states that he will return to check on Marianne the following day. Brandon also comes to visit, but upon seeing Willoughby, he quickly departs. Willoughby and Marianne grow close through their mutual love of poetry, and he later takes a lock of her hair. Mrs. Dashwood and Elinor begin to speculate on whether they have become",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3342906",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\nnature,\"\" as he had played \"\"Machiavellian types so effectively\"\" in other films. Greg Wise was cast as Marianne's other romantic interest, John Willoughby, his most noted role thus far. Twelve-year-old Emilie François, appearing as Margaret Dashwood, was one of the last people cast in the production; she had no professional acting experience. Thompson praised the young actress in her production diaries, \"\"Emilie has a natural quick intelligence that informs every movement – she creates spontaneity in all of us just by being there.\"\" Other cast members included Gemma Jones as Mrs. Dashwood, James Fleet as John Dashwood, Elizabeth Spriggs as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4351964",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\nrole of John Willoughby, Brandon's rival for Marianne's affections. Describing his character, Cooper said \"\"The way I tried to persuade myself he wasn't too bad was that he's a 25-year-old young guy and he genuinely falls in love with Marianne – he's not just doing it for one moment in time.\"\" Cooper said that he had fun working on the project. Janet McTeer and Lucy Boynton were cast as Mrs Dashwood and Margaret Dashwood respectively. Mark Gatiss portrayed John Dashwood; his casting was revealed in June 2007. Claire Skinner received the role of John's wife, Fanny, while Mark Williams was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5502767",
"chunk_text": "\"Crispin Bonham-Carter\"\nCrispin Bonham-Carter Crispin Daniel Bonham-Carter (born 23 September 1969 in Colchester, Essex) is an English former actor and theatre director. In 1994 he starred in the TV sitcom \"\"Honey for Tea\"\". Bonham-Carter also starred alongside Ewan McGregor in the 1993 BBC period drama \"\"Scarlet and Black\"\" playing Rachel Weisz's suitor. He played a small role in \"\"Bridget Jones's Diary\"\". He appeared as Mr Bingley in the 1995 BBC adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, alongside Colin Firth. He appeared on Season 4 of \"\"Absolutely Fabulous\"\" as a gardener named Jago Balfour who was commissioned to redesign the back garden. Bonham-Carter is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3876424",
"chunk_text": "\"John Willoughby\"\nand guilt concerning his actions toward Marianne, and showed himself to be capable of falling in love. In contrast, Wickham was very calculating in his behaviour and never demonstrated any regret regarding his treatment of Georgiana or Lydia, or embarrassment about his lies to Elizabeth. John Willoughby John Willoughby is a fictional character in Jane Austen's 1811 novel \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\". He is described as being a handsome young man with a small estate, but has expectations of inheriting his aunt's large estate. John Willoughby first appears in \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" when he rescues Marianne Dashwood after she falls down",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10318892",
"chunk_text": "\"John Willoughby\"\nJohn Willoughby John Willoughby is a fictional character in Jane Austen's 1811 novel \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\". He is described as being a handsome young man with a small estate, but has expectations of inheriting his aunt's large estate. John Willoughby first appears in \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" when he rescues Marianne Dashwood after she falls down a hill and twists her ankle during a rainstorm. Because of this action, he is known as \"\"Marianne's Preserver\"\" by her younger sister, Margaret. After this action, Marianne Dashwood falls in love with him. Willoughby and Marianne obviously have strong sentiments of warmth and affection",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5502769",
"chunk_text": "\"Crispin Bonham-Carter\"\nSchool, a comprehensive school in north London. Crispin Bonham-Carter Crispin Daniel Bonham-Carter (born 23 September 1969 in Colchester, Essex) is an English former actor and theatre director. In 1994 he starred in the TV sitcom \"\"Honey for Tea\"\". Bonham-Carter also starred alongside Ewan McGregor in the 1993 BBC period drama \"\"Scarlet and Black\"\" playing Rachel Weisz's suitor. He played a small role in \"\"Bridget Jones's Diary\"\". He appeared as Mr Bingley in the 1995 BBC adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, alongside Colin Firth. He appeared on Season 4 of \"\"Absolutely Fabulous\"\" as a gardener named Jago Balfour who was commissioned",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\nsumptuous townhouse. Sixteenth-century Montacute House in South Somerset was the setting for the Palmer estate of Cleveland House. Further scenes were shot at Compton Castle in Devon (Mr Willoughby's estate) and at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. Composer Patrick Doyle, who had previously worked with his friend Emma Thompson in the films \"\"Henry V\"\", \"\"Much Ado About Nothing\"\", and \"\"Dead Again\"\", was hired to produce the music for \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\". Asked by the director to select existing music or compose new \"\"gentle\"\" melodies, Doyle wrote a score that reflected the film's events. He explained, \"\"You had this middle-class",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\ncritics, while the cast and crew earned several award nominations for their work. It was released on a two-disc DVD in the UK on 14 January 2008. When Henry Dashwood (Simon Williams) dies, he leaves his entire fortune and his home, Norland Park, to his son John (Mark Gatiss). John promises that he will provide for his stepmother, Mary Dashwood (Janet McTeer), and half-sisters Elinor (Hattie Morahan), Marianne (Charity Wakefield), and Margaret (Lucy Boynton). However, John's wife, Fanny (Claire Skinner), convinces him to give the family a smaller inheritance than he had intended. Fanny's brother, Edward Ferrars (Dan Stevens), comes",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\nand director John Alexander have also taken some liberties by crafting scenes of the men together (something Austen herself never did) – having the steely Brandon, for example, pull Willoughby aside to question his intentions toward Marianne. Featuring a top-drawer cast, the filmmakers create several delicate moments – from Willoughby's elegant seduction of Marianne to the stoic Elinor's pining for the elusive Edward who, as played by Stevens, adorably stammers in a Hugh Grant-like way.\"\" Serena Davies from \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" praised the first episode, calling it \"\"faithful to the spirit of the book\"\" and stating that the series \"\"deftly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1986977",
"chunk_text": "\"Martin Wimbush\"\nMartin Wimbush Martin Wimbush (born 1949) is a British actor. Born in London, Wimbush trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama between 1967–69, and then worked extensively in regional theatre, before going into television and then later into film. His television appearances include \"\"Upstairs, Downstairs\"\" (1975), \"\"The Glittering Prizes\"\" (1976), \"\"Happy Ever After\"\" (1976), \"\"Agony\"\" (1981), \"\"Educating Marmalade\"\" (1982), \"\"No Problem!\"\" (1983), \"\"Terry and June\"\" (1983), \"\"Boon\"\" (1986), \"\"Lovejoy\"\" (1993), \"\"Hale and Pace\"\" (1993), \"\"Then Churchill Said to Me\"\" (1993), \"\"The Old Curiosity Shop\"\" (1995), \"\"A Dance to the Music of Time\"\" (1997), \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" (1998), \"\"Randall and",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\nSense and Sensibility (film) Sense and Sensibility is a 1995 American period drama film directed by Ang Lee and based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel of the same name. Emma Thompson wrote the screenplay and stars as Elinor Dashwood, while Kate Winslet plays Elinor's younger sister Marianne. The story follows the Dashwood sisters, members of a wealthy English family of landed gentry, as they must deal with circumstances of sudden destitution. They are forced to seek financial security through marriage. Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman play their respective suitors. The film was released on December 13, 1995, in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "4351963",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\nThe actor revealed to a BBC journalist that he had really wanted the part and was excited by the challenge of the character. Stevens became ill with tonsillitis during the shoot, and quipped that there are very few shots of him in full health still in the series. David Morrissey portrayed Colonel Brandon. The actor was sent the script by his agent, and he initially questioned whether another Austen adaptation was needed. However, he then read the script and thought it was \"\"just brilliant\"\", especially as Davies had added more scenes featuring the male characters. Dominic Cooper took on the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\na dromedary.\"\" However, many other major critics such as LaSalle, Roger Ebert, James Berardinelli and Janet Maslin praised Grant's performance. Maslin wrote, Grant \"\"rises touchingly to the film's most straightforward and meaningful encounters.\"\" In \"\"The Mail on Sunday\"\", William Leith found \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" to be \"\"an extremely sharp, subtle, clever, lovely looking film\"\" that was superior to the serial \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\". Leith especially saved praise for the cast, writing that Grant plays his role \"\"masterfully\"\" and Harriet Walter \"\"conveys sour bitchiness like you never thought she could.\"\" Jarr Carr of \"\"The Boston Globe\"\" thought that Lee \"\"nail[ed] Austen's",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "13336564",
"chunk_text": "\"Philip Locke\"\n\"\"Pennies from Heaven\"\", \"\"The Omega Factor\"\", \"\"Codename Icarus\"\", \"\"The Box of Delights\"\", \"\"Bergerac\"\", \"\"Inspector Morse\"\", \"\"Jeeves and Wooster\"\", \"\"Minder\"\", \"\"Antony and Cleopatra\"\", \"\"She Fell Among Thieves\"\" (BBC), \"\"Oliver Twist\"\", \"\"Ivanhoe\"\" and \"\"Jekyll & Hyde\"\". A member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, he also played \"\"\"\"Professor Moriarty\"\"\"\" on Broadway in \"\"Sherlock Holmes\"\" in 1974–76 and appeared in \"\"Amadeus\"\" at the National Theatre. Locke was survived by his companion Michael Ivan. Philip Locke Philip Locke (29 March 1928, London – 19 April 2004, Dedham, Essex) was an English actor. He trained at RADA, and from the late 1950s was part of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12445039",
"chunk_text": "\"John Turner (actor)\"\nJohn Turner (actor) John Turner (born 7 July 1932 London, England) is a British television actor. One of Turner's most recognisable roles was that of Roderick Spode (6 episodes, 1991–1993) in the ITV television series \"\"Jeeves and Wooster\"\", based on the P. G. Wodehouse novels. He had performed the same role earlier in his career at Her Majesty's Theatre, London in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical flop \"\"Jeeves\"\". Turner made his television debut in 1957, playing a hillbilly in \"\"Operation Fracture\"\". In 1963 he appeared in 5/13 episodes of \"\"The Sentimental Agent\"\" as Bill Randall and in four episodes replaced the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\ncast as Sir John Middleton. Linda Bassett and Jean Marsh were given the roles of Mrs Jennings and Mrs Ferrars respectively. Robert Bianco from \"\"USA Today\"\" commented that both women were \"\"wonderfully cast\"\". Actresses Anna Madeley and Daisy Haggard portrayed Lucy Steele and her sister Anne, a character who was omitted from the 1995 film. \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" was shot entirely on location within England, mostly in the counties of Berkshire, Surrey, Buckinghamshire, and Devon. Filming began in April 2007 and lasted until early June. Blackpool Mill, a fifteenth-century cottage in north Devon, was turned into Barton Cottage, the home",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8774074",
"chunk_text": "\"Willoughby Goddard\"\nWilloughby Goddard Willoughby Wittenham Rees Goddard (4 July 1926 – 11 April 2008) was an English actor whose trademark rotund figure was well known on television and in films for more than 40 years. Goddard was born in Bicester, Oxfordshire. He played Mr. Bumble in two versions of Charles Dickens's \"\"Oliver Twist\"\" – a 1962 television adaptation, and the original Broadway production of the musical \"\"Oliver!\"\". He originated the role of Cardinal Wolsey in the West End production of Robert Bolt's \"\"A Man for All Seasons\"\". He appeared in the television series \"\"The Adventures of William Tell\"\" (which lasted 39",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
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"chunk_id": "878094",
"chunk_text": "\"James Grout\"\nand \"\"Any Other Business\"\" (1995). Some of his television credits include Dai Owen in \"\"Looking For Clancy\"\" (1975), Jonas Bradlaw in \"\"Murder Most English\"\" (1977), Superintendent Rafferty in \"\"Turtle's Progress\"\" (Series 1 only), Div. Supt. Albert Hallam in \"\"Juliet Bravo\"\" (1981), The Doctor in \"\"Shelley\"\" (1982), Mr McAllister in \"\"The Beiderbecke Affair\"\" (1984), Prof. George Bunn in \"\"A Very Peculiar Practice\"\" (1988), Granville Bennett in \"\"All Creatures Great and Small\"\", Chief Superintendent Strange in \"\"Inspector Morse\"\" and Mr. Justice Ollie Oliphant in \"\"Rumpole of the Bailey\"\" as well as the \"\"chief whip\"\" in \"\"Yes Minister\"\". He was nominated for a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "823396",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Farrell\"\nNicholas Farrell Nicholas Farrell (born Nicholas Frost in 1955) is an English stage, film and television actor. Farrell was educated at Fryerns Grammar and Technical School in Basildon, Essex, followed by the University of Nottingham and the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, alongside fellow pupil Daniel Day-Lewis. Farrell's early screen career included the role of Aubrey Montague in the 1981 film \"\"Chariots of Fire\"\". In 1983, he starred as Edmund Bertram in a television adaptation of the Jane Austen novel, \"\"Mansfield Park\"\". In 1984, he appeared in \"\"\"\" and \"\"The Jewel in the Crown\"\". Since then, his film and television",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5526166",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wolves of Willoughby Chase (film)\"\nThe Wolves of Willoughby Chase (film) The Wolves of Willoughby Chase is a 1989 dark fantasy film directed by Stuart Orme with a screenplay by William M. Akers. The cast includes Stephanie Beacham as Letitia Slighcarp, Mel Smith as Mr. Grimshaw, Richard O'Brien as James, and Jane Horrocks as Pattern. Newcomers Emily Hudson and Aleks Darowska played Bonnie Willoughby and her cousin Sylvia. The film is based on the 1962 novel of the same name written by Joan Aiken. It is currently aired on British television and it is also available on both VHS and DVD. The film is set",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "4837115",
"chunk_text": "\"John Woodnutt\"\n1980s, he played various guest roles in several television movies such as \"\"\"\", starring Bill Nighy and John Shea. In the BBC Scotland television series of The Secret Garden, made in 1975, he played the part of Mr. Archibald Craven. He appeared in producer Barry Letts's classic serials \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\", \"\"Stalky & Co.\"\", and \"\"The Pickwick Papers\"\". He played the Senior Tutor in \"\"Porterhouse Blue\"\", appeared regularly as Sir Watkyn Bassett in the \"\"Jeeves and Wooster\"\" series alongside Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie and also appeared briefly in the comedy sketch show \"\"\"\" in the early 1990s. He also",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12445041",
"chunk_text": "\"John Turner (actor)\"\nThe Major-domo in \"\"The Slipper and the Rose\"\" (1976), the Afrikaner Minister in \"\"The Power of One\"\" (1992), \"\"\"\" (1996) and Lord Lot in \"\"Merlin\"\" (1998). John Turner (actor) John Turner (born 7 July 1932 London, England) is a British television actor. One of Turner's most recognisable roles was that of Roderick Spode (6 episodes, 1991–1993) in the ITV television series \"\"Jeeves and Wooster\"\", based on the P. G. Wodehouse novels. He had performed the same role earlier in his career at Her Majesty's Theatre, London in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical flop \"\"Jeeves\"\". Turner made his television debut in 1957,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10926172",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeeves and Wooster\"\nJeeves and Wooster Jeeves and Wooster is a British comedy-drama series adapted by Clive Exton from P. G. Wodehouse's \"\"Jeeves\"\" stories. The series was a collaboration between Brian Eastman of Picture Partnership Productions and Granada Television. It aired on the ITV network from 22 April 1990 to 20 June 1993, with the last series nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series. It starred Hugh Laurie as Bertie Wooster, a young gentleman with a \"\"distinctive blend of airy nonchalance and refined gormlessness\"\", and Stephen Fry as Jeeves, his improbably intelligent and bold valet. The stories are set",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1247933",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Rickman\"\nother film roles included the Sheriff of Nottingham in \"\"\"\" (1991), for which he received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Jamie in \"\"Truly, Madly, Deeply\"\" (1990), P.L. O'Hara in \"\"An Awfully Big Adventure\"\" (1995), Colonel Brandon in \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" (1995), Alexander Dane in \"\"Galaxy Quest\"\" (1999), Harry in \"\"Love Actually\"\" (2003) and Judge Turpin in the film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's musical of \"\"\"\" (2007). Rickman gained further notice for his film performances as Severus Snape in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series. Rickman also starred in television films, playing the title character in \"\"\"\" (1996),",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13511869",
"chunk_text": "\"George Willoughby (theatre entrepreneur)\"\nGeorge Willoughby (theatre entrepreneur) George Willoughby Dowse (c. 1869 – 23 December 1951), professionally known as \"\"George Willoughby\"\", was an English comic actor and theatre manager who had a substantial career in Australia. George came from Southsea, England, and may have been educated at Christ's Hospital. He was a member of the Charles Arnold theatrical company when he married actress Alice Jackson who adopted the professional name Ada Willoughby. He later, and with her consent, toured South Africa but while there received a postcard informing him that she no longer wanted to live with him. He later came in contact",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "13706923",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew Macfadyen\"\nMatthew Macfadyen David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor. He played MI5 Intelligence Officer Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series \"\"Spooks\"\", Mr. Darcy in the 2005 film of \"\"Pride & Prejudice\"\" and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\". He also portrayed John Birt in the political drama \"\"Frost/Nixon\"\", and Detective Inspector Edmund Reid in the BBC series \"\"Ripper Street\"\". In 2015 he starred in the Sky Living series \"\"The Enfield Haunting\"\" as Guy Lyon Playfair. In June 2010, Macfadyen won a British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2318003",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Bayliss\"\nranged from \"\"The Red Shoes\"\" (1948) to \"\"Darling\"\" (1965). He acted in more than 40 television productions including \"\"Please Sir!\"\", \"\"The Sweeney\"\", \"\"Coronation Street\"\", \"\"Lovejoy\"\" and \"\"The Bill\"\", plus dramas like \"\"Bye, Bye Columbus\"\" (1990), \"\"Merlin\"\" (1998) and \"\"The Arabian Nights\"\" (1999). On radio he was particularly good in Jacobean adaptations, playing characters with names such as Sir Moth-Interest and Walter Whorehound. He appeared in more than 100 theater productions. Peter Bayliss Peter Bayliss (27 June 1922 – 29 July 2002) was an English actor. Bayliss was born in Kingston upon Thames and trained at the Italia Conti Academy and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "3342904",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\ncould capture Mr. Palmer's disenchantment and redemption so perfectly, and make it funny.\"\" Thompson wrote the part of Edward Ferrars with Grant in mind, and he agreed to receive a lower salary in line with the film's budget. Grant called her screenplay \"\"genius\"\", explaining \"\"I've always been a philistine about Jane Austen herself, and I think Emma's script is miles better than the book and much more amusing.\"\" Grant's casting was criticised by the Jane Austen Society of North America (JASNA), whose representatives said that he was too handsome for the part. Actress Kate Winslet initially intended to audition for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "6221460",
"chunk_text": "\"Adrian Scarborough\"\nChildren's Television programme \"\"Abney & Teal\"\". He voiced Benjamin Bunny in \"\"The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends\"\". In 2007, he played the character Harry Hepple in an episode of BBC New Tricks series 4.4 \"\"Nine Lives\"\". Scarborough is particularly well known for his appearances with Julia Davis in the BBC sitcom \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\" as warring married couple Pete and Dawn Sutcliffe, who are friends and neighbours of Gavin Shipman's (Mathew Horne) parents in Essex. He is also identified for his role as the butler Mr. Pritchard in the BBC series \"\"Upstairs, Downstairs\"\". In 2012 he appeared in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1316382",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Vaughan\"\nPeter Vaughan Peter Vaughan (born Peter Ewart Ohm; 4 April 1923 – 6 December 2016) was an English character actor, known for many supporting roles in British film and television productions. He also worked extensively on the stage. He was best known for his role as Grouty in the sitcom \"\"Porridge\"\" (despite appearing in only three episodes and the 1979 film) and also had a recurring role alongside Robert Lindsay in \"\"Citizen Smith\"\", written by John Sullivan. He also had parts as Tom Franklin in \"\"Chancer\"\" (1990–91), playing the father of Anthony Hopkins's character in \"\"The Remains of the Day\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "4351955",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\nto visit, and he quickly befriends Elinor. While Mrs. Dashwood hopes they will become engaged, Fanny informs her that his mother will not approve the match. Mrs. Dashwood receives a letter from her cousin, Sir John Middleton (Mark Williams), offering her a small cottage house on his estate, Barton Park in Devonshire. She and her daughters decide to leave Norland immediately. During a welcome dinner at Barton Park, Sir John introduces the Dashwoods to his wife, Lady Middleton (Rosanna Lavelle); her mother, Mrs. Jennings (Linda Bassett); and their family friend, Colonel Brandon (David Morrissey). Brandon instantly falls in love with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13826999",
"chunk_text": "\"Julian Curry\"\nJulian Curry Julian Burnlee Curry (born 8 December 1937 in Devon) is an English actor best known for playing Claude Erskine-Browne in ITV's comedy-drama \"\"Rumpole of the Bailey\"\". The son of William Burnlee Curry (1900-1962), headmaster of Dartington Hall School from 1930 to 1957, and Marjorie Graham (née McIldowie), Curry was educated at Dartington Hall School and King's College, Cambridge. Curry made his first television appearance in 1965 in an episode of the series \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\". Other TV appearances include roles in \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\" (1967), \"\"Softly, Softly\"\" (1968), \"\"Nicholas Nickleby\"\" (1968), \"\"Z-Cars\"\" (1965 & 1975), \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "19217157",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Hollander\"\nTom Hollander Thomas Anthony Hollander (; born 25 August 1967) is an English actor. He began his career in theatre, winning the Ian Charleson Award in 1992 for his performance as Witwoud in \"\"The Way of the World\"\" at the Lyric Hammersmith Theatre. He is known for his roles in films such as \"\"Pirates of the Caribbean\"\" and \"\"In the Loop\"\" and drama films such as \"\"Enigma\"\", \"\"Pride & Prejudice\"\", \"\"Gosford Park\"\", and \"\"Hanna\"\". He played the lead role in the sitcom \"\"Rev.\"\", which won the British Academy Television Award for best sitcom in 2011. He also played the lead",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "16213659",
"chunk_text": "\"Dominic Cazenove\"\nOscar Wilde's \"\"The Importance of Being Earnest\"\". In 2005 he appeared as Sir Andrew Aguecheek in \"\"Twelfth Night\"\" at the Broadway Theatre Studio, in 2006 was Dromio of Syracuse in a touring production of \"\"A Comedy of Errors\"\", and in 2007 played Benedick in \"\"Much Ado about Nothing\"\". In 2008, he starred in Royce Ryton's \"\"Crown Matrimonial\"\", opposite Patricia Routledge. In 2012, he toured the UK as a clergyman in \"\"Funny Peculiar\"\" with Suzanne Shaw, Vicky Entwistle, Craig Gazey and Gemma Bissix. Dominic Cazenove Dominic Cazenove (born 8 January 1975) is an English film, television and stage actor. He was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1144262",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Hardy\"\nthe French TV mini-series, \"\"Le Grand Charles\"\", about the life of Charles de Gaulle. He also played Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in \"\"Elizabeth R\"\", and took the role of Sir John Middleton in the 1995 film version of \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\". His big screen roles included Professor Krempe in \"\"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein\"\" and Minister of Magic Cornelius Fudge in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" films. His voice performance as Robin Hood in \"\"Tale Spinners For Children\"\", an LP from the 1960s, is considered one of the best Robin Hood renditions. His voice was also the voice of D'Artagnan in \"\"The Three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18156697",
"chunk_text": "\"Noel Howlett\"\nto Donald Pleasence's Launcelot Gobbo) in \"\"The Merchant of Venice\"\", Edward IV (brother to Marius Goring's Richard III), Baptista in \"\"The Taming of the Shrew\"\" and Gloucester in \"\"King Lear\"\". An early TV role was portraying a vicar in the 1958/59 BBC series \"\"Quatermass and the Pit\"\". He appeared as Professor Rushton in a one-off 1967 edition (\"\"Mission Highly Improbable\"\") of \"\"The Avengers\"\" and as the Reverend Simon Blanding in a one-off 1967 edition (\"\"Dead Man's Shoes\"\") of \"\"Man in a Suitcase\"\". Other screen appearances include the 1960s TV shows \"\"Softly, Softly\"\" and \"\"Danger Man\"\". He also appeared in one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9999628",
"chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Whitrow\"\nBenjamin Whitrow Benjamin John Whitrow (17 February 1937 – 28 September 2017) was an English actor. He was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor for his role as Mr Bennet in the 1995 BBC version of \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\", and voiced the role of Fowler in the 2000 animated film \"\"Chicken Run\"\". His other film appearances include \"\"Quadrophenia\"\" (1979), \"\"Personal Services\"\" (1987) and \"\"Bomber\"\" (2009). Whitrow was born in Oxford, the son of Mary Alexandra (Flaunders) and Philip Whitrow. He attended the Dragon School, Tonbridge School, and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He served in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "3342897",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\nproducer and distributor. As Thompson mentioned on the BBC program \"\"QI\"\" in 2009, at one point in the writing process a laptop failure almost lost the entire work. In panic Thompson called fellow actor and close friend Stephen Fry, the host of \"\"QI\"\" and a self-professed \"\"geek\"\". After seven hours, Fry was able to recover the documents from the device. Taiwanese director Ang Lee was hired as a result of his work in the 1993 family comedy film \"\"The Wedding Banquet\"\", which he co-wrote, produced, and directed. He was not familiar with Jane Austen. Doran felt that Lee's films, which",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "9999631",
"chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Whitrow\"\nBoth plays were broadcast on BBC Radio 4 during Christmas 2017. Whitrow was married to Catherine Cook, with whom he had two children: Hannah Mary Whitrow (b. 1973) and Thomas George Whitrow (b. 1976). He also had a son, Angus Imrie (b. 1994) with actress Celia Imrie. Whitrow died on 28 September 2017, aged 80. Benjamin Whitrow Benjamin John Whitrow (17 February 1937 – 28 September 2017) was an English actor. He was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor for his role as Mr Bennet in the 1995 BBC version of \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\", and voiced the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "18852745",
"chunk_text": "\"Donald Eccles\"\nin the navy. In 1960 he acted in the film \"\"A Taste of Money\"\" and later appeared in many other films including \"\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\"\" (1968), \"\"The Wicker Man\"\" (1973), \"\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\"\" (1982), \"\"Coming Out of the Ice\"\" (1982), \"\"The Dresser\"\" (1983), \"\"The Master of Ballantrae\"\" (1984), \"\"A Private Function\"\" (1984) and \"\"Young Sherlock Holmes\"\" (1985). He also appeared in many television roles, such as Pollio in \"\"I, Claudius\"\" and Mr Justice Vosper in the second series of \"\"Rumpole of the Bailey\"\", until his death in a road accident in Brighton. Donald Eccles Donald Eccles (26",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3833500",
"chunk_text": "\"James Norton (actor)\"\ngroom of a conflicted bride. He appeared in the 2013 film \"\"Rush\"\" as Formula One driver Guy Edwards. In the 2013 film \"\"Belle\"\", he played a suitor of the title character, a mixed-race lady in 18th century English society. Norton's television appearances include the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"Cold War\"\", in which he played a crewman on a Soviet submarine during the Cold War, and \"\"Death Comes to Pemberley\"\", based on the P. D. James novel involving characters from Jane Austen's \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\" caught up in a murder mystery. Norton was acclaimed for his role as Tommy Lee Royce, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13928270",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (film)\"\nthe role of Marianne but Lee disliked her work in the 1994 drama film \"\"Heavenly Creatures;\"\" she auditioned for the lesser part of Lucy Steele. Winslet pretended she had heard that the audition was still for Marianne, and won the part based on a single reading. Thompson later said that Winslet, only nineteen years old, approached the part \"\"energised and open, realistic, intelligent, and tremendous fun.\"\" The role helped Winslet become recognised as a significant actress. Also appearing in the film was Alan Rickman, who portrayed Colonel Brandon. Thompson was pleased that Rickman could express the \"\"extraordinary sweetness [of] his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4351952",
"chunk_text": "\"Sense and Sensibility (2008 TV series)\"\nSense and Sensibility (2008 TV series) Sense and Sensibility is a 2008 British television drama adaptation of Jane Austen's 1811 novel \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\". The screenplay was written by Andrew Davies, who revealed that the aim of the series was to make viewers forget Ang Lee's 1995 film \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\". The series was \"\"more overtly sexual\"\" than previous Austen adaptations, and Davies included scenes featuring a seduction and a duel that were absent from the feature film. \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" was directed by John Alexander and produced by Anne Pivcevic. Hattie Morahan and Charity Wakefield star as Elinor and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8667464",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Cordery\"\na 2011 production of \"\"The Importance of Being Earnest\"\" at the Rose Theatre, Kingston. \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" praised the actor for giving a \"\"performance of comic bliss as the amorous and sententious Canon Chasuble, baffled by each new turn of events while supporting his prodigious bulk on a surprisingly nifty pair of pins.\"\" Cordery is a former teacher who once taught in an inner-London secondary school. Richard Cordery Richard Cordery is a character actor of film, television, and stage. Some of his television credits include \"\"Doc Martin\"\" as Dennis Dodds, \"\"Whitechapel\"\" as George Collier, \"\"Garrow's Law\"\" as Sir Sampson Wright,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
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