Split (1)

test · 3.61k rows

interaction_id stringlengths 6 9	query stringlengths 26 101	query_time stringclasses 1 value	answer listlengths 1 23	alt_ans listlengths 0 0	domain stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 1 value	static_or_dynamic stringclasses 1 value	search_results listlengths 0 0	retrieved_chunks listlengths 50 50
test_700	what was the religion in persia before islam?	n/a	[ "the Zoroastrian religion", "Zoroastrian" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19758746", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Iranian religion\"\nAncient Iranian religion Ancient Iranian religion refers to the ancient beliefs and practices of the Iranian peoples before the rise of Zoroastrianism. The Iranian peoples emerged as a separate branch of the Indo-Iranians in the 2nd-millennium BC, during which they came to dominate the Eurasian Steppe and the Iranian Plateau. Their religion is derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian religion, and therefore shares many similarities with Vedic religion. Although the Iranian peoples left few written or material evidence of their religious practices, their religion is possible to reconstruct from scant Iranian, Babylonian and Greek accounts, similarities with Vedic and other Indo-European religions, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11351326", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Iran\"\nIslam in Iran The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity. Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then, except for a short duration after the Mongol raids and establishment of Ilkhanate. Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Before the Islamic conquest, the Persians had been mainly Zoroastrian; however, there were also large and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20577107", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Empire\"\nera and it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. From 247 BC to 224 AD, Persia was ruled by the Parthian Empire, which supplanted the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, and then by the Sassanian Empire, which ruled up until the mid-7th century. The Persian Empire in the Sasanian era was interrupted by the Arab conquest of Persia in 651 AD, establishing the even larger Islamic caliphate, and later by the Mongol invasion. The main religion of ancient Persia was the native Zoroastrianism, but after the seventh century, it was slowly replaced by Islam which achieved a majority in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1924696", "chunk_text": "Zoroastrianism\npossible roots dating back to the second millennium BCE, Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the 5th-century BCE. Along with a Mithraic Median prototype and a Zurvanist Sassanid successor, it served as the state religion of the pre-Islamic Iranian empires for more than a millennium, from around 600 BCE to 650 CE. Zoroastrianism was suppressed from the 7th century onwards following the Muslim conquest of Persia of 633–654. Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 190,000, with most living in India and in Iran; their number is declining. In 2015, there were reports of up to 100,000 converts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11183969", "chunk_text": "\"History of Asia\"\nsignificant infrastructure developments. Later, in Darius the Great's rule, the territories were integrated, a bureaucracy was developed, nobility were assigned military positions, tax collection was carefully organized, and spies were used to ensure the loyalty of regional officials. The primary religion of Persia at this time was Zoroastrianism, developed by the philosopher Zoroaster. It introduced an early form of monotheism to the area. The religion banned animal sacrifice and the use of intoxicants in rituals; and introduced the concept of spiritual salvation through personal moral action, an end time, and both general and Particular judgment with a heaven or hell.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15321420", "chunk_text": "\"Zoroastrians in Iran\"\nZoroastrians in Iran Zoroastrians are the oldest religious community of Iran. Prior to the Muslim conquest of Persia, Zoroastrianism was the primary religion of the nation. It originated from the pre-Zoroastrian Religion of Iran, Iranic paganism. According to the country's official census, there were 25,271 Zoroastrians within the country as of 2011. There are no written records from Zarathushtra's time. The earliest surviving written references to Zarathushtra are those of Greek writers from 1000 BC. Prophet Zoroaster and his first followers were Iranians that lived between the Bronze Age and Iron Age (est. 1200-600 BC). The term \"\"Prophet\"\" is of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1002336", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Iran\"\nof religious buildings according to \"\"آمارنامه اماکن مذهبی\"\" which has been gathered in 2003. Islam in Iran The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity. Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then, except for a short duration after the Mongol raids and establishment of Ilkhanate. Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Before the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3270210", "chunk_text": "Iran\nas the Proto-Iranic religion and the subsequent Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism were the dominant religions in Iran, particularly during the Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian eras. This changed after the fall of the Sasanian Empire by the centuries-long Islamization that followed the Muslim Conquest of Iran. Iran was predominantly Sunni until the conversion of the country (as well as the people of what is today the neighboring Republic of Azerbaijan) to Shia Islam by the order of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th century. Today, Twelver Shia Islam is the official state religion, to which about 90% to 95% of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3076884", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Iranian religion\"\nriding and pulling chariots in sport and warfare. Exactly how rigid their society was is difficult to determine. The Iranian peoples were specialists in religious matters. Men who could afford chariots and horses were recognized as leaders and warriors. By the creation of the Achaemenid Empire, a more rigid division of society into priests, nobles, farmers and artisans had developed. Society was heavily patriarchal, which was strongly reflected in religion. As the Iranian peoples settled the land they became more engaged in agriculture and sedentary life. During this process they were influenced by the indigenous populations. The religions of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15193453", "chunk_text": "\"Muslim conquest of Persia\"\nwere Sunni Muslims, though today Iran is known as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith, recognizing Islam as their religion and the prophet's son in law, Ali as an enduring symbol of justice. According to Amoretti in Cambridge History of Islam, the Arab conquerors brought with them a new religion and a new language, but they did not use force to spread it. While giving freedom of choice, however, the Arab conquerors designated privileges for those who converted. During the Rashidun Caliphate, the official language of Persia (including Mesopotamia) remained Middle Persian (Pahlavi), just as the official languages of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19758751", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Iranian religion\"\ncomposed) initially in the 5th-century BC. Another Iranian source are royal inscriptions of the Achaemenid Empire made in the Old Persian (with Akkadian, Aramaic and Elamite translations). These inscriptions, in particular those of Darius I and his son Xerxes I, contain many references to religion. The fact that these are fixed in time and place make them particularly useful. Except from the Achaemenid inscriptions, there is no evidence that the Iranian religious compositions were written until the late Parthian or Sassanid period. This makes ancient Iranian religion the only major religion of the Middle East which has no written texts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11351327", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Iran\"\nthriving Christian and Jewish communities, especially in the territories of at that time northwestern, western, and southern Iran, mainly Caucasian Albania, Asōristān, Persian Armenia, and Caucasian Iberia. Eastern Sassanian Iran, what is now solely composed of Afghanistan and Central Asia, was predominantly Buddhist. There was a slow but steady movement of the population toward Islam. When Islam was introduced to Iranians, the nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert, Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the \"\"dehqans\"\", or landed gentry. By the late 11th century, the majority of Persians had become Muslim, at least nominally. Iran's population", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12014227", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia\"\nTamim had converted to the religion. There is also evidence of existence of Manichaeism in Arabia as several early sources indicate a presence of \"\"zandaqas\"\" in Mecca, although the term could also be interpreted as referring to Mazdakism. There is evidence for the circulation of Iranian religious ideas in the form of Persian loan words in Quran such as \"\"firdaws\"\" (paradise). Zoroastrianism was also present in Eastern Arabia and Persian-speaking Zoroastarians lived in the region. They were known as \"\"Majoos\"\" in pre-Islamic times. The religion was introduced in the region including modern-day Bahrain during the rule of Persian empires in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10720970", "chunk_text": "\"Persecution of Zoroastrians\"\nflourished. On occasion, the Zoroastrian clergy assisted Muslims in attacks against those who they deemed Zoroastrian heretics. Until the Arab invasion and subsequent Muslim conquest, in the mid 7th century Persia (modern-day Iran) was a politically independent state, spanning from the Mesopotamia to the Indus River and dominated by a Zoroastrian majority. Zoroastrianism was the official state religion of four pre-Islamic Persian empires, the last being the Sassanian empire that passed a decree solidifying this in 224 CE. The Arab invasion abruptly brought to an end the religious domination of Zoroastrianism in Persia and instituted Islam as the official religion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5913998", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Iran\"\nMongol conquest, but subsequently Shi'ism became eventually utterly dominant in all of Iran and modern-day Azerbaijan (though highly secular) with the advent of the Safavids. Islam has been the official religion and part of the governments of Iran since the Arab conquest of Iran circa 640 AD. It took another few hundred years for Shia Islam to gather and become a religious and political power in Iran. In the history of Shia Islam the first Shia state was Idrisid dynasty (780–974) in Maghreb, a region of north west Africa. Then the Alavids dynasty (864 – 928AD) became established in Mazandaran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19758753", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Iranian religion\"\nIt is composed of more than 1,000 hymns dedicated to various deities. The Rigveda can be dated to the period between 1700 and 1100 BC. Material sources are rather limited and mostly confined to western Iran. The remains of Achaemenid architecture are the most important of these material sources. They provide a mass of evidence of imperial articulation of religious symbols and indicate a significant dependence on Middle Eastern precedents. During the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, one group of Indo-Europeans migrated southwards from the Eurasian Steppe into the Middle East, the Iranian plateau and the northwestern part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19758747", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Iranian religion\"\nmaterial evidence. Their religion was polytheistic and the chief god of their pantheon was Ahura Mazda, who was recognized as the creator of the world. They had a three-tiered division of the cosmos into the earth, the atmosphere and the heaven above. Dualism was strongly emphasized and human nature was considered essentially good. The chief ritual of the ancient Iranians was the yazna, in which the deities were praised and the mind-altering drug hauma was consumed. This ritual was performed by a highly trained priestly class. Fire was worshiped as the deity Atar. Politician and religion under the Persian Empires", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10075397", "chunk_text": "\"Middle Persian\"\nmodern-day descendant of Middle Persian is New Persian. The changes between late Middle and Early New Persian were very gradual, and in the 10th-11th centuries, Middle Persian texts were still intelligible to speakers of Early New Persian. However, there are definite differences that had taken place already by the 10th century: \"\"Pahlavi Middle Persian\"\" is the language of quite a large body of literature which details the traditions and prescriptions of Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion of Sasanian Iran (224 to c. 650) before the Muslim conquest of Persia. The earliest texts in Zoroastrian Middle Persian were probably written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11963793", "chunk_text": "\"History of religion\"\nChristianity at its foundation. The historical roots of Jainism in India date back to the 9th-century BCE with the rise of Parshvanatha and his non-violent philosophy. World religions of the present day established themselves throughout Eurasia during the Middle Ages by: During the Middle Ages, Muslims came into conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia (633-654); Christians fought against Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars (7th to 11th centuries), the Crusades (1095 onward), the Reconquista (718-1492), the Ottoman wars in Europe (13th century onwards) and the Inquisition; Shamanism was in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15193452", "chunk_text": "\"Muslim conquest of Persia\"\nAllah and Iblis. In Afghanistan, Islam was spread due to Umayyad missionary efforts particularly under the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and Umar ibn AbdulAziz. There were also large and thriving Christian and Jewish communities, along with smaller numbers of Buddhists and other groups. However, there was a slow but steady movement of the population towards Islam. The nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert. Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the \"\"dihqans\"\", or landed gentry. By the late 10th century, the majority of the Persians had become Muslim. Until the 15th century, most Persian Muslims", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12014226", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia\"\npresent in Arabia, and it has been proposed that the Qur'an refers to their beliefs. However, other scholars, notably Mircea Eliade, William Montgomery Watt, G.R. Hawting and Sidney H. Griffith, cast doubt on the historicity or reliability of such references in the Quran. Iranian religions existed in pre-Islamic Arabia on account of Sasanian military presence along the Persian Gulf and South Arabia and on account of trade routes between the Hejaz and Iraq. Some Arabs in northeast of the peninsula converted to Zoroastrianism and several Zoroastrian temples were constructed in Najd. Some of the members from the tribe of Banu", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1002302", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Iran\"\nthe original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and India. The Ottoman Turks brought a form of Iranian civilization to the walls of Vienna...\"\" The Islamization of Iran was to yield deep transformations within the cultural, scientific, and political structure of Iran's society: The blossoming of Persian literature, philosophy, medicine and art became major elements of the newly forming Muslim civilization. Inheriting a heritage of thousands of years of civilization, and being at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19758754", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient Iranian religion\"\nof the Indian subcontinent. These were Indo-Iranians calling themselves Arya (\"\"nobles\"\"). Those that settled in the Near East and India are known as Indo-Aryan peoples, while those that settled in Greater Iran are known are Iranian peoples. Because of their common origin, Iranian and Indo-Aryan religion is substantially similar. Through a comparative study of both groups one can reconstruct general features of Iranian religion for which there is no direct documentation. The Iranian peoples were originally seminomadic pastoralists whoe main economic base was cattle, chiefly bovines but also goats and sheep. They excelled at breeding horses, which they used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6152062", "chunk_text": "\"Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan\"\nof the world`s oldest religions Zoroastrianism was also practiced in the territory of Azerbaijan in ancient times. Zoroastrianism, sharing its name with its founder Iranian prophet Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra), was the first monotheistic belief in the world and the official religion in Persia from 600 BCE to 650 CE. Zoroastrians believed that a god called Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) created the universe. Sacred book of Zoroastrianism Avesta consists of two main sections: the oldest section contains the Gathas including seventeen hymns and the younger Avesta containing commentaries to the older one. It also includes myths, stories and details", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12014166", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia\"\nReligion in pre-Islamic Arabia Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia was a mix of polytheism, Christianity, Judaism, and Iranian religions. Arab polytheism, the dominant form of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, was based on veneration of deities and other rituals. Gods and goddesses, including Hubal and the goddesses al-Lāt, Al-‘Uzzá and Manāt, were worshipped at local shrines such as the Kaaba in Mecca. Different theories have been proposed regarding the role of Allah in Meccan religion. Many of the physical descriptions of the pre-Islamic gods are traced to idols, especially near the Kaaba, which is said to have contained up to 360 of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13785379", "chunk_text": "\"Iranian religions\"\nIranian religions Iranian religions are religions which originated in Greater Iran. The beliefs, activities, and cultural events of the ancient Iranians in ancient Iran are complex matters. The ancient Iranians made references to a combination of several Aryans and non-Aryan tribes. Aryans, or ancient Iranians, worshiped natural elements such as the sun, sunlight and thunder, but they eventually shifted their attention mostly to a single god, whilst acknowledging others. The Iranian ancient prophet, Zoroaster, reformed Iranian religious beliefs to a form of Henotheism. The Gathas, hymns of Zoroaster's Avesta, brought monotheistic ideas to Persia, while through the Yashts and Yasna,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10730562", "chunk_text": "\"Persianate society\"\nchange was largely on the basis of a binary model: a struggle between the religious landscapes of late Iranian antiquity and a monotheist paradigm provided by the new religion, Islam. This duality is symbolically expressed in the Shiite tradition that Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shi'ite Imam, had married Shahrbanu, daughter of Yazdegerd III, the last Sassanid king of Iran. This genealogy makes the later imams, descended from Husayn and Shahrbanu, the inheritors of both the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and of the pre-Islamic Sassanid kings. After the Arab Muslim conquest of Iran, Pahlavi, the language of Pre-Islamic Iran, continued to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3636791", "chunk_text": "Zoroaster\nand Darius I. Zoroastrianism eventually became the official religion of Ancient Persia and its distant subdivisions from the 6th century BCE to the 7th century CE. Zoroaster is credited with authorship of the Gathas as well as the Yasna Haptanghaiti, hymns composed in his native dialect, Old Avestan, and which comprise the core of Zoroastrian thinking. Most of his life is known from these texts. By any modern standard of historiography, no evidence can place him into a fixed period, and the historicization surrounding him may be a part of a trend from before the 10th century that historicizes legends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "820539", "chunk_text": "\"Pre-Islamic Arabia\"\nthe Umayyad period, to support the cause of different political factions. The several different Bedouin tribes throughout Arabian history are traditionally regarded as having emerged from two main branches: the Rabi`ah, from which amongst others the Banu Hanifa emerged, and the Mudhar, from which amongst others the Banu Kinanah (and later Muhammad's own tribe, the Quraysh) emerged. Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia was a mix of polytheism, Christianity, Judaism, and Iranian religions. Arab polytheism, the dominant belief system, was based on the belief in deities and other supernatural beings such as djinn. Gods and goddesses were worshipped at local shrines, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20577108", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Empire\"\nthe 10th century. The Safavid Empire was the first Persian Empire established after the Arab conquest of Persia by Shah Ismail I. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavid Persians established control over parts of Greater Persia/Iran and reasserted the Persian identity of the region, becoming the first native Persian dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a unified Persian state. Literature, art and architecture flourished in the Safavid era once again, and it is often cited as the \"\"rebirth of the Persian Empire\"\". Safavids also announced Shia Islam as the official religion in the empire versus the Sunni Islam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11837127", "chunk_text": "\"Ancient history of Afghanistan\"\nremained the official religion of Persia until the defeat of the Sassanian ruler Yazdegerd III—over a thousand years after its founding—by Muslim Arabs. In what is today southern Iran, the Persians emerged to challenge Median supremacy on the Iranian plateau. By 550 BC, the Persians had replaced Median rule with their own dominion and even began to expand past previous Median imperial borders. Both Gandhara and Kamboja Mahajanapadas of the Buddhist texts soon fell a prey to the Achaemenian Dynasty during the reign of Achaemenid, Cyrus the Great (558–530 BC), or in the first year of Darius I, marking the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15193455", "chunk_text": "\"Muslim conquest of Persia\"\nfrom the Pahlavi scripts to a modified version of the Arabic alphabet. Today Persian is spoken officially in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. The Arab conquest of Persia led to a period of extreme urbanisation in Iran, starting with the ascension of the Abbasid dynasty and ending in the 11th century CE. This was particularly true for the eastern parts of the country, for regions like Khorasan and Transoxiana. During this period, Iran saw the development of massive metropolises, some reaching population numbers of up to 200,000 people. Before this period, the important Persian cities had been situated outside of Persia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11351328", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Iran\"\nis about 82,000,000 people, and Islam is the religion of 99.4% of Iranians. Nearly 90% of Iranians are Shi'a and about 10% are Sunni. Most Sunnis in Iran are Kurds, Larestani people (from Larestan), Turkomen, and Baluchs, living in the northwest, northeast, south, and southeast. Almost all of Iranian Shi'as are Twelvers. Though Iran is known today as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith, it did not become so until much later, around the 15th century. The Safavid dynasty made Shi'a Islam the official state religion in the early sixteenth century and aggressively proselytized on its behalf. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836366", "chunk_text": "\"Muslim conquest of Persia\"\ncontrol. The violent subjugation of Bukhara is a case in point: Conversion to Islam was gradual, partially as the result of this violent resistance; however, Zoroastrian scriptures were burnt and many priests were executed. However, the Persians began to reassert themselves by maintaining Persian language and culture. Islam would become the dominant religion late in the medieval ages. When Western academics first investigated the Muslim conquest of Persia, they only had to rely on the accounts of the Armenian Christian bishop Sebeos, and accounts in Arabic that were written some time after the events they describe. The most significant work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19089978", "chunk_text": "\"Buddhism in Iran\"\nBuddhism in Iran Buddhism in Iran dates back to the 2nd century, when Parthians, such as An Shigao, were active in spreading Buddhism in China. Many of the earliest translators of Buddhist literature into Chinese were from Parthia and other kingdoms linked with present-day Iran. Buddhists were persecuted during the Sasanid rule in the vast territory they ruled, as they made Zoroastrianism the state religion in 224 AD, and thereafter burned many Buddhist sites in the regions where it was practised, namely Central Asia. Surviving Buddhist sites in the easternmost Sassanian territories comprising modern day Central Asia were later raided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20577106", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Empire\"\nPersian Empire The Persian Empire (, translit. \"\"\"\", lit. 'Imperial Iran') refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties that were centred in Persia/Iran from the 6th century BC Achaemenid Empire era to the 20th century AD in the Qajar dynasty era. The first dynasty of the Persian Empire was created by Achaemenids, established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires. It covered much of the Ancient world when it was conquered by Alexander the Great. Persepolis is the most famous historical site related to Persian Empire in the Achaemenid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11488054", "chunk_text": "Religion\nby Muslims to be revealed by God, and on the teachings (hadith) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a major political and religious figure of the 7th century CE. Islam is based on the unity of all religious philosophies and accepts all of the Abrahamic prophets of Judaism, Christianity and other Abrahamic religions before Muhammad. It is the most widely practiced religion of Southeast Asia, North Africa, Western Asia, and Central Asia, while Muslim-majority countries also exist in parts of South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Europe. There are also several Islamic republics, including Iran, Pakistan, Mauritania, and Afghanistan. Other denominations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9807557", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia\"\nthem. Other religions were represented to varying, lesser degrees. The influence of the adjacent Roman, Aksumite and Sasanian Empires resulted in Christian communities in the northwest, northeast and south of Arabia. Christianity made a lesser impact, but secured some conversions, in the remainder of the peninsula. With the exception of Nestorianism in the northeast and the Persian Gulf, the dominant form of Christianity was Miaphysitism. The peninsula had been a destination for Jewish migration since Roman times, which had resulted in a diaspora community supplemented by local converts. Additionally, the influence of the Sasanian Empire resulted in Iranian religions being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10849886", "chunk_text": "\"Iranian religions\"\nmentions are made to Polytheism and earlier creeds. The Vedas and the Avesta have both served researchers as important resources in discovering early Aryan beliefs and ideas. Some religionists made syncretic teachings of Islam and local Zoroastrianism. Iranian religions Iranian religions are religions which originated in Greater Iran. The beliefs, activities, and cultural events of the ancient Iranians in ancient Iran are complex matters. The ancient Iranians made references to a combination of several Aryans and non-Aryan tribes. Aryans, or ancient Iranians, worshiped natural elements such as the sun, sunlight and thunder, but they eventually shifted their attention mostly to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400797", "chunk_text": "\"Comparative religion\"\nthe Qur'an is the final revelation from God and a completion of all previous revelations, including the Bible. Several important religions and religious movements originated in Greater Iran, that is, among speakers of various Iranian languages. They include Mithraism, Ætsæg Din, Yazdanism, Ahl-e Haqq, Zurvanism, Mandaeism, Manichaeism, and Mazdakism. Most scholars believe that Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world., with origins perhaps as far back as to the prehistoric times, or 5000 years. So \"\"the kinship of the religions of India stems from the fact that Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs look back to Hinduism as their common mother.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3357705", "chunk_text": "Monotheism\nis Akal Purakh (which means \"\"the true immortal\"\") or Waheguru, the Primal Being. Zoroastrianism combines cosmogonic dualism and eschatological monotheism which makes it unique among the religions of the world. Zoroastrianism proclaims an evolution through time from dualism to monotheism. Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion, although Zoroastrianism is often regarded as dualistic, duotheistic or bitheistic, for its belief in the hypostatis of the ultimately good Ahura Mazda \"\"(creative spirit)\"\" and the ultimately evil Angra Mainyu \"\"(destructive spirit)\"\". Zorastrianism was once one of the largest religions on Earth, as the official religion of the Persian Empire. By some scholars, the Zoroastrians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4015706", "chunk_text": "\"Pre-Islamic Arabia\"\nthe home to a number of kingdoms such as the Sabaeans and Eastern Arabia was inhabited by Semitic speakers who presumably migrated from the southwest, such as the so-called Samad population. A few nodal points were controlled by Iranian Parthian and Sassanian colonists. Pre-Islamic religion in Arabia consisted of indigenous polytheistic beliefs, Ancient Arabian Christianity, Nestorian Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism and Rahmanism. Scientific studies of Pre-Islamic Arabs starts with the Arabists of the early 19th century when they managed to decipher epigraphic Old South Arabian (10th century BCE), Ancient North Arabian (6th century BCE) and other writings of pre-Islamic Arabia. Thus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18147967", "chunk_text": "\"Persian Empire\"\nin the neighbouring Ottoman Empire. Persian Empire The Persian Empire (, translit. \"\"\"\", lit. 'Imperial Iran') refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties that were centred in Persia/Iran from the 6th century BC Achaemenid Empire era to the 20th century AD in the Qajar dynasty era. The first dynasty of the Persian Empire was created by Achaemenids, established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires. It covered much of the Ancient world when it was conquered by Alexander the Great. Persepolis is the most famous historical site related to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15193372", "chunk_text": "\"Muslim conquest of Persia\"\nMuslim conquest of Persia The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion. The rise of Muslims coincided with an unprecedented political, social, economic, and military weakness in Persia. Once a major world power, the Sasanian Empire had exhausted its human and material resources after decades of warfare against the Byzantine Empire. The internal political situation quickly deteriorated after the execution of King Khosrow II in 628 AD. Subsequently, ten new claimants were enthroned within the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3350462", "chunk_text": "\"Scythian religion\"\nScythian religion Scythian religion refers to the mythology, ritual practices and beliefs of the Scythians, an ancient Iranian people who dominated Central Asia and the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Eastern Europe throughout Classical Antiquity. What little is known of the religion is drawn from the work of the 5th century Greek historian and ethnographer Herodotus. Scythian religion is assumed to have been related to the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian religion, and to have influenced later Slavic, Hungarian and Turkic mythologies, as well as some contemporary Eastern Iranian and Ossetian traditions. The primary archaeological context of horse sacrifice are burials, notably chariot burials, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4962707", "chunk_text": "Persis\nPersis Persis (), better known as Persia (Old Persian: \"\"Parsa\"\"; , \"\"Pars\"\"), or \"\"Persia proper\"\", was originally a name of a region near the Zagros mountains at Lake Urmia. The country name Persia was derived directly from the Old Persian \"\"Parsa\"\". Over time, the area of settlement shifted to the southwest of modern Iran (now Fars). The ancient Persians were present in the region from about the 10th century BC, and became the rulers of the largest empire the world had yet seen under the Achaemenid dynasty which was established in the late 6th century BC, at its peak stretching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13558193", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Afghanistan\"\nReligion in Afghanistan Afghanistan is an Islamic republic where Islam is practiced by 99% of its citizens. As high as 80% of the population follow Sunni Islam. The remaining are Shias. Apart from Muslims, there are also small minorities of Sikhs and Hindus. The religion Zoroastrianism is believed by some to have originated in what is now Afghanistan between 1800 and 800 BCE, as its founder Zoroaster is thought to have lived and died in Balkh while the region at the time was referred to as Ariana. Ancient Eastern Iranian languages may have been spoken in the region around the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4427375", "chunk_text": "\"Islamization of Iran\"\nIslamization of Iran The Islamization of Iran occurred as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia. It was a long process by which Islam, though long rejected, was gradually accepted by the majority of the population. On the other hand, Iranians have maintained certain pre-Islamic traditions, including language and culture, and adapted them with Islamic codes. Finally these two customs and traditions merged as the \"\"Iranian Islamic\"\" identity. The Islamization of Iran was to yield deep transformations within the cultural, scientific, and political structure of Iran's society: The blossoming of Persian literature, philosophy, medicine and art became major elements", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9807558", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia\"\npresent in the peninsula. Zoroastrianism existed in the east and south, while there is evidence of Manichaeism or possibly Mazdakism being practised in Mecca. Until about the fourth century, almost all Arabs practised polytheistic religions. Although significant Jewish and Christian minorities developed, polytheism remained the dominant belief system in pre-Islamic Arabia. The religious beliefs and practices of the nomadic Bedouin were distinct from those of the settled tribes of towns such as Mecca. Nomadic religious belief systems and practices are believed to have included fetishism, totemism and veneration of the dead but were connected principally with immediate concerns and problems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16051996", "chunk_text": "Zoroastrianism\nare encouraged to marry others of the same faith, but this is not a requirement. The roots of Zoroastrianism are thought to have emerged from a common prehistoric Indo-Iranian religious system dating back to the early 2nd millennium BCE. The prophet Zoroaster himself, though traditionally dated to the 6th century BCE, is thought by many modern historians to have been a reformer of the polytheistic Iranian religion who lived in the 10th century BCE. Zoroastrianism as a religion was not firmly established until several centuries later. Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the mid-5th century BCE. Herodotus' \"\"The Histories\"\" (completed \"\"c.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_701	why does kerosene oil rise up in the wick of lantern?	n/a	[ "capillary action" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401177", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nA kerosene lantern, also known as a \"\"barn lantern\"\" or \"\"hurricane lantern\"\", is a flat-wick lamp made for portable and outdoor use. They are made of soldered or crimped-together sheet-metal stampings, with tin-plated sheet steel being the most common material, followed by brass and copper. There are three types: dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast. Both hot-blast and cold-blast designs are called tubular lanterns and are safer than dead-flame lamps, as tipping over a tubular lantern cuts off the oxygen flow to the burner and will extinguish the flame within seconds. The earliest portable kerosene \"\"glass globe\"\" lanterns, of the 1850s and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401166", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nKerosene lamp A kerosene lamp (also known as a paraffin lamp in some countries) is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene (paraffin) as a fuel. Invented by the Polish pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz in 1853, kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may be used for portable lighting. Like oil lamps, they are useful for lighting without electricity, such as in regions without rural electrification, in electrified areas during power outages, at campsites, and on boats. There are three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401183", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nAny liquid with a low flash point presents a high risk of fire or explosion if used in a kerosene wick lamp. Such liquids are dangerous and should not be used in a kerosene lamp or lantern. Examples include: Contamination of lamp fuel with even a small amount of gasoline results in a lower flash point and higher vapor pressure for the fuel, with potentially dangerous consequences. Vapors from spilled fuel may ignite; vapor trapped above liquid fuel may lead to excess pressure and fires. Kerosene lamps are still extensively used in areas without electrical lighting; the cost and dangers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401181", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nand is slightly less expensive than K-1 kerosene, as no motor-fuel taxes are collected on it. Red kerosene is not recommended because the dye will gradually clog the lantern wick, causing odor and reduced performance. Citronella-scented lamp oil containing lemongrass oil is sold for its insect repellent properties. Citronella fuels should only be used outdoors. Liquid paraffin-based \"\"lamp oil\"\" should only be used in round-wick lamps with a wick diameter of less than . Used in larger wicks, this fuel causes the wicks to clog. Flat-wick kerosene lamps should only be operated with kerosene or lamp oil, but alternative fuels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176201", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\na \"\"carrier\"\", which is some form of a toothed rack that engages into the gears of the wick-raising mechanism of the burner and allows the wick to be raised and lowered. The wick rides in between the inner and outer wick tubes; the inner wick tube (central draft tube) provides the \"\"central draft\"\" or draft that supplies air to the flame spreader. When the lamp is lit, the central draft tube supplies air to the flame spreader that spreads out the flame into a ring of fire and allows the lamp to burn cleanly. A variation on the \"\"central-draught\"\" lamp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4743349", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\ncan be exposed to kerosene in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit of 100 mg/m over an 8-hour workday. Kerosene Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in industry as well as households. Its name derives from (\"\"keros\"\") meaning wax, and was registered as a trademark by Canadian geologist and inventor Abraham Gesner in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176197", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\ntank, four prongs hold the glass chimney, which acts to prevent the flame from being blown out and enhances a thermally induced draft. The glass chimney needs a \"\"throat\"\", or slight constriction, to create the proper draft for complete combustion of the fuel; the draft carries more air (oxygen) past the flame, helping to produce a smokeless light, which is brighter than an open flame would produce. The lamp burner has a flat wick, usually made of cotton. The lower part of the wick dips into the fount and absorbs the kerosene; the top part of the wick extends out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401167", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\ntypes of kerosene lamp: flat-wick, central-draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. Kerosene lanterns meant for portable use have a flat wick and are made in dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast variants. Pressurized kerosene lamps have a gas generator and gas mantle; these are known as Petromax, Tilley lamps, or Coleman lamps, among other manufacturers. They produce more light per unit of fuel than wick-type lamps, but are more complex and expensive in construction and more complex to operate. A hand-pump pressurizes air, which forces liquid fuel from a reservoir into a gas generator. Vapor from the gas generator burns, heating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401178", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\n1860s, were of the dead-flame type, meaning that it had an open wick, but the airflow to the flame was strictly controlled in an upward motion by a combination of vents at the bottom of the burner and an open topped chimney. This had the effect of removing side-to-side drafts and thus significantly reducing or even eliminating the flickering that can occur with an exposed flame. Later lanterns, such as the hot-blast and cold-blast lanterns, took this airflow control even further by partially enclosing the wick in a \"\"deflector\"\" or \"\"burner cone\"\" and channeling the airflow through that restricted area,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4743332", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\ndiesel fuel. Kerosene kept some market share by being increasingly used in stoves and portable heaters. In 2013, kerosene made up about 0.1 percent by volume of petroleum refinery output in the United States. At one time the fuel, also known as heating oil in the UK and Ireland, was widely used in kerosene lamps and lanterns. Although it replaced whale oil, the 1873 edition of \"\"Elements of Chemistry\"\" said, \"\"The vapor of this substance [kerosene] mixed with air is as explosive as gunpowder.\"\" This may have been due to the common practice of adulterating kerosene with cheaper but more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18024115", "chunk_text": "Lantern\nceramic impregnated gas mantle to accept and re-radiate heat as visible light from a flame. The mantle does not burn (but the cloth matrix carrying the ceramic must be \"\"burned out\"\" with a match prior to its first use). When heated by the operating flame the mantle becomes incandescent and glows brightly. The heat may be provided by a gas, by kerosene, or by a pressurized liquid such as \"\"white gas\"\", which is essentially naphtha. For protection from the high temperatures produced and to stabilize the airflow, a cylindrical glass shield called the globe or chimney is placed around the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046060", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nKerosene Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in industry as well as households. Its name derives from (\"\"keros\"\") meaning wax, and was registered as a trademark by Canadian geologist and inventor Abraham Gesner in 1854 before evolving into a genericized trademark. It is sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage. The term kerosene is common in much of Argentina, Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, and the United States, while the term paraffin (or a closely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176196", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nin rural areas of Africa and Asia, where electricity is not distributed or is too costly. Kerosene lamps consume an estimated 77 billion litres of fuel per year, equivalent to 1.3 million barrels of oil per day, comparable to annual U.S. jet-fuel consumption of 76 billion litres per year. A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of kerosene lamp, which burns kerosene drawn up through a wick by capillary action. If this type of lamp is broken, it can easily start a fire. A flat-wick lamp has a fuel tank (fount), with the lamp burner attached. Attached to the fuel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176199", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nlit, the kerosene that the wick has absorbed burns and produces a clear, bright, yellow flame. As the kerosene burns, capillary action in the wick draws more kerosene up from the fuel tank. All kerosene flat-wick lamps use the dead-flame burner design, where the flame is fed cold air from below, and hot air exits above. This type of lamp was very widely used by railways, both on the front and rear of trains and for hand signals, due to its reliability. At a time when there were few competing light sources at night outside major towns, the limited brightness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401171", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nof the wick tube of the lamp burner, which includes a wick-adjustment mechanism. Adjusting how much of the wick extends above the wick tube controls the flame. The wick tube surrounds the wick and ensures that the correct amount of air reaches the lamp burner. Adjustment is usually done by means of a small knob operating a cric, which is a toothed metal sprocket bearing against the wick. If the wick is too high, and extends beyond the burner cone at the top of the wick tube, the lamp will produce smoke and soot (unburned carbon). When the lamp is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401179", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\ncreating a brighter and even more stable flame. The hot-blast design, also known as a \"\"tubular lantern\"\" due to the metal tubes used in its construction, was invented by John Irwin and patented on January 12, 1868. The hot-blast design collected hot air from above the globe and fed it through metal side tubes to the burner, to make the flame burn brighter. The cold-blast design is similar to the hot-blast, except that cold fresh air is drawn in from around the top of the globe and is then fed though the metal side tubes to the flame, making it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16131085", "chunk_text": "\"Candle wick\"\nCandle wick A candle wick is usually a braided cotton that holds the flame of an oil lamp or candle. A candle wick works by capillary action, conveying (\"\"wicking\"\") the fuel to the flame. When the liquid fuel, typically melted candle wax, reaches the flame it then vaporizes and combusts. The candle wick influences how the candle burns. Important characteristics of the wick include diameter, stiffness, fire-resistance, and tethering. Candle wicks are normally made out of braided cotton. Wicks are sometimes braided flat, so that as they burn they also curl back into the flame, thus making them self-consuming. Prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401182", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\ncan be used in an emergency. Such fuels may produce additional smoke and odor and may not be usable indoors. Tractor vaporizing oil is made from kerosene with some additive to make a motor fuel for tractors. No. 1 diesel fuel (also called winter diesel) is about the same as kerosene but with the additives to make it a motor fuel. Jet A jet-engine fuel is essentially kerosene with a few additives. RP-1 (Rocket Propellant-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel. Round-wick center-draft lamps must only burn low-odor mineral spirits.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401180", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nburn brighter. This design produces a brighter light than the hot-blast design, because the fresh air that is fed to the flame has plenty of oxygen to support the combustion process. Generic lamp oil is available clear or in a choice of several colors and in scented and unscented forms. Although more expensive, lamp oil is highly refined and burns more cleanly and with less odor than kerosene. \"\"Lamp oil\"\" must not be liquid paraffin. \"\"Water-clear\"\" K-1 kerosene is the next grade of preferred fuel for kerosene wick lamps. In some locations \"\"red kerosene\"\" is sold, which is dyed red", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14401176", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nA lamp set too high will burn off its soot harmlessly if quickly turned down, but if not caught soon enough, the soot itself can ignite, and a \"\"runaway lamp\"\" condition can result. One popular model of mantle lamp uses only a wick and is unpressurized. Pressurized mantle lamps contain a gas generator and require preheating the generator before lighting. An air pump is used to deliver fuel under pressure to the gas generator. Large fixed pressurized kerosene mantle lamps were used in lighthouse beacons for navigation of ships, brighter and with lower fuel consumption than oil lamps used before.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11961301", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene heater\"\nA kerosene heater is an appliance in which kerosene is gasified by surface evaporation and burned. The amount of kerosene evaporated and heat generated can be increased in direct proportion to the area of the contact surface between the kerosene and air. The wick used in a kerosene heater consists of many bundles of fine fibers and, in accordance with the principle behind it, it is designed to provide a large evaporation area. The kerosene is drawn up from the tank into the combustion area by these capillary tubes. If the kerosene becomes viscous or dirt and dust find their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "280505", "chunk_text": "\"Candle wick\"\nmelted wax, and improve the flow of that wax up the wick. Common treatments are borax and salt which are dissolved in water in which the wicks are soaked. Candle wick A candle wick is usually a braided cotton that holds the flame of an oil lamp or candle. A candle wick works by capillary action, conveying (\"\"wicking\"\") the fuel to the flame. When the liquid fuel, typically melted candle wax, reaches the flame it then vaporizes and combusts. The candle wick influences how the candle burns. Important characteristics of the wick include diameter, stiffness, fire-resistance, and tethering. Candle wicks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176211", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nof combustion lighting are a continuing concern in many countries. Flat-wick lamps have the lowest light output, center-draft round-wick lamps have 3–4 times the output of flat-wick lamps, and pressurized lamps have higher output yet; the range is from 8 to 100 lumens. A kerosene lamp producing 37 lumens for 4 hours per day consumes about 3 litres of kerosene per month. 12.57 lumens = 1 CP Kerosene lamp A kerosene lamp (also known as a paraffin lamp in some countries) is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene (paraffin) as a fuel. Invented by the Polish pharmacist Ignacy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046063", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nthe combustion chamber of a jet engine (after an initial spark) becomes ignited and then continues to burn. (And as the jet engine's inlet area is larger than its exhaust area, this causes the flame to draw air through the engine. Fans in the front and generators behind the combustion chamber then enforces efficiency.) To prevent confusion between kerosene and the much more flammable and volatile gasoline, some jurisdictions regulate markings or colorings for containers used to store or dispense kerosene. For example, in the United States, Pennsylvania requires that portable containers used at retail service stations for kerosene be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "376822", "chunk_text": "Candle\nis used to light the candle's wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel (the wax). Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to ignite and form a constant flame. This flame provides sufficient heat to keep the candle burning via a self-sustaining chain of events: the heat of the flame melts the top of the mass of solid fuel; the liquefied fuel then moves upward through the wick via capillary action; the liquefied fuel finally vaporizes to burn within the candle's flame. As the solid fuel (wax) is melted and burned, the candle becomes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12056216", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nhighway construction zones were marked at night by kerosene fired, pot-bellied torches. Most of these uses of kerosene created thick black smoke because of the low temperature of combustion. A notable exception, discovered in the early 19th century, is the use of a gas mantle mounted above the wick on a kerosene lamp. Looking like a delicate woven bag above the woven cotton wick, the mantle is a residue of mineral materials (mostly thorium dioxide), heated to incandescence by the flame from the wick. The thorium and cerium oxide combination produces both a whiter light and a greater fraction of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1726139", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene heater\"\nfilled with 1-K kerosene. The wick draws kerosene from the tank via capillary action. Once lit, the wick heats the Kerosene until it turns into a gas (gasification) and this gas is then burnt which heats air via convection or nearby objects via radiation. The burner is designed to properly oxygenate and distribute the flames. The flame height is controlled by raising or lowering the exposed wick height inside the burner unit via an adjusting mechanism. The kerosene heater is extinguished by fully retracting the wick into a cavity below the burner, which will snuff out the flame. There has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176200", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nof these lamps was adequate and could be seen at sufficient distance to serve as a warning or signal. A central-draught lamp, or Argand lamp, works in the same manner as the flat-wick lamp. The burner is equipped with a tall glass chimney, of around tall or taller, to provide the powerful draft this lamp requires to burn properly. The burner uses a wick, usually made of cotton, that is made of a wide, flat wick rolled into a tube, the seam of which is then stitched together to form the complete wick. The tubular wick is then mounted into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5001270", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nis the mantle lamp. The mantle is a roughly pear-shaped mesh made of fabric placed over the burner. The mantle typically contains thorium or other rare-earth salts; on first use the cloth burns away, and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure, which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. Mantle lamps are considerably brighter than flat- or round-wick lamps, produce a whiter light and generate more heat. Mantle lamps typically use fuel faster than a flat-wick lamp, but slower than a center-draught round-wick, as they depend on a small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11961297", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene heater\"\nKerosene heater A kerosene heater, also known as a paraffin heater, is typically a portable, unvented, kerosene-fueled, space (i.e., convectional) heating device. In Japan and other countries, they are a primary source of home heat. In the United States and Australia, they are a supplemental heat or a source of emergency heat during a power outage. Most kerosene heaters produce between 3.3 and 6.8 kW (11000 to 23000 BTU per hour). A kerosene heater operates much like a large kerosene lamp. A circular wick made from fiberglass and/or cotton is integrated into a burner unit mounted above a font (tank)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11797654", "chunk_text": "\"Davy lamp\"\ndistrust of London-based, theoretical, scientific experts. The lamp consists of a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. The screen acts as a flame arrestor; air (and any firedamp present) can pass through the mesh freely enough to support combustion, but the holes are too fine to allow a flame to propagate through them and ignite any firedamp outside the mesh. It originally burned a heavy vegetable oil. The lamp also provided a test for the presence of gases. If flammable gas mixtures were present, the flame of the Davy lamp burned higher with a blue tinge.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176195", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\na mantle to incandescence and also providing heat to the gas generator. The first description of a simple lamp using crude mineral oil was provided by Persian alchemist al-Razi (Rhazes) in 9th century Baghdad, who referred to it as the \"\"naffatah\"\" in his \"\"Kitab al-Asrar\"\" (\"\"Book of Secrets\"\"). In 1846 Abraham Pineo Gesner invented a substitute for whale oil for lighting, distilled from coal. Later made from petroleum, kerosene became a popular lighting fuel. Modern and most popular versions of the kerosene lamp were later constructed by Polish inventor and pharmacist Ignacy Łukasiewicz. Kerosene lamps are widely used for lighting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348128", "chunk_text": "Driptorch\nwick can be secured upside down inside the canister for storage or transport. Typically the fuel used is a mixture of gasoline and diesel with a ratio of 30% to 70% respectively, although, the amounts may need to be adjusted according to fuel and weather conditions. Sometimes heavier oils are used to increase adhesion of the liquid fuel to the vegetation, and increase burn time and heat. Variations of the driptorch can be attached to off-road vehicles (like tractors etc.) to ignite a fire while driving slowly along the ignition line. Another variant of the driptorch is the \"\"helitorch\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046066", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\n°C (100 and 150 °F), and its autoignition temperature is . The pour point of kerosene depends on grade, with commercial aviation fuel standardized at . 1-K grade kerosene freezes around −40 °C (−40 °F, 233 K). Heat of combustion of kerosene is similar to that of diesel fuel; its lower heating value is 43.1 MJ/kg (around 18,500 Btu/lb), and its higher heating value is . In the United Kingdom, two grades of heating oil are defined. BS 2869 Class C1 is the lightest grade used for lanterns, camping stoves, wick heaters, and mixed with gasoline in some vintage combustion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348127", "chunk_text": "Driptorch\nDriptorch A driptorch is a tool used in wildfire suppression, controlled burning, and other forestry applications to intentionally ignite fires by dripping flaming fuel onto the ground. The driptorch consists of a canister for holding fuel with a handle attached to the side, a spout with a loop to prevent fire from entering the fuel canister, a breather valve to allow air into the canister while fuel is exiting through the spout, and a wick from which flaming fuel is dropped to the ground. The wick is ignited and allows the fire to be directed as needed. The spout and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12056211", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nhad largely taken over whaling’s lucrative market in lamp oil. Electric lighting started displacing kerosene as an illuminant in the late 19th century, especially in urban areas. However, kerosene remained the predominant commercial end-use for petroleum refined in the United States until 1909, when it was exceeded by motor fuels. The rise of the gasoline-powered automobile in the early 20th century created a demand for the lighter hydrocarbon fractions, and refiners invented methods to increase the output of gasoline, while decreasing the output of kerosene. In addition, some of the heavier hydrocarbons that previously went into kerosene were incorporated into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046082", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nvolatile hydrocarbon mixtures, such as naphtha. Kerosene was a significant fire risk; in 1880, nearly two of every five New York City fires were caused by defective kerosene lamps. In less-developed countries kerosene is an important source of energy for cooking and lighting. It is used as a cooking fuel in portable stoves for backpackers. As a heating fuel, it is often used in portable stoves, and is sold in some filling stations. It is sometimes used as a heat source during power failures. Kerosene is widely used in Japan as a home heating fuel for portable and installed kerosene", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11961303", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene heater\"\nto air mixture is quite rich. This results in a small amount of unburned kerosene, thus creating an odour. A common strategy is to light the heater outdoors, on the patio for example, until the fumes dissipate, and then bring it indoors. Once the heater is burning normally, no additional odour is created. An improperly adjusted wick also causes smoke and odour. This is corrected by adjusting the wick-height. A wick with carbon build-up will also cause odour and should be replaced. Odour may also be apparent when the heater is extinguished. The wick holder remains quite warm, and as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046070", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nprevented its use for indoor illumination. In cities, much indoor illumination was provided by piped-in coal gas, but outside the cities, and for spot lighting within the cities, the lucrative market for fueling indoor lamps was supplied by whale oil, specifically that from sperm whales, which burned brighter and cleaner. Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner claimed that in 1846, he had given a public demonstration in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island of a new process he had discovered. He heated coal in a retort, and distilled from it a clear, thin fluid that he showed made an excellent lamp fuel. He coined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9331262", "chunk_text": "\"Will-o'-the-wisp\"\nnumber of sightings has increased alongside the increasing ingression of Europeans into the region. According to folklore, the lights sometimes followed or approached people and have disappeared when fired upon, only to reappear later on. In modern science, it is generally accepted that will-o'-the-wisp phenomena (ignis fatuus) are caused by the oxidation of phosphine (PH), diphosphane (PH), and methane (CH). These compounds, produced by organic decay, can cause photon emissions. Since phosphine and diphosphane mixtures spontaneously ignite on contact with the oxygen in air, only small quantities of it would be needed to ignite the much more abundant methane to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046064", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\ncolored blue, as opposed to red (for gasoline) or yellow (for diesel fuel). Kerosene is a low viscosity, clear liquid formed from hydrocarbons obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum between , resulting in a mixture with a density of composed of carbon chains that typically contain between 10 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. It is miscible in petroleum solvents but immiscible in water. The American Society for Testing and Materials standard specification D-3699-78 recognizes two grades of kerosene: grades 1-K (less than 0.04% sulfur by weight) and 2-K (0.3% sulfur by weight). 1-K grade kerosene burns cleaner with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12056217", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nthe energy in the form of visible light than a black body at the same temperature would. These types of lamps are still in use today in areas of the world without electricity, because they give a much better light than a simple wick-type lamp does. Recently, a multipurpose lantern that doubles as a cook stove has been introduced in India in areas with no electricity. In countries such as India and Nigeria, kerosene is the main fuel used for cooking, especially by the poor, and kerosene stoves have replaced traditional wood-based cooking appliances. As such, increase in the price", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176203", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene lamp\"\nflame heating a mantle, rather than having all the light coming from the flame itself. Mantle lamps are nearly always bright enough to benefit from a lampshade, and a few mantle lamps may be enough to heat a small building in cold weather. Mantle lamps, because of the higher temperature at which they operate, do not produce much odor, except when first lit or extinguished. Like flat- and round-wick lamps, they can be adjusted for brightness; however, caution must be used, because if set too high, the lamp chimney and the mantle can become covered with black areas of soot.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11961304", "chunk_text": "\"Kerosene heater\"\nthe wick continues to draw kerosene, it causes vaporization of the fuel which is detected as odour. The wicks require routine maintenance. With fiberglass wicks, the kerosene heater is placed outdoors and allowed to operate until it runs out of fuel. Tar and other leftover deposits on the wick are burned off. This should be done at least once a week if operated 24hr a day. With cotton wicks, the heater must never be run dry to clean the wick. Cleaning is instead accomplished with a paper towel, wiping down the top of the wick to remove any residue. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17595810", "chunk_text": "\"LLNL RISE process\"\nof the total deposit) is removed by the conventional mining technique. The remaining deposit is then broken up with explosives to increase porosity of the deposit. As a result, a large underground retort chamber by square and high is created. The retort chamber is ignited at the top. The combustion zone moves downward as an oxygen gas provided, similar to the process developed by the Occidental Petroleum. The heat causes retorting process converting kerogen in oil shale to oil shale gas and shale oil vapors. Some oil is collected at the bottom of the retort, other collected at the surface", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18397279", "chunk_text": "Lantern\nmore energy-efficient and rugged than other types, and prices of LEDs suitable for lighting have dropped. Notes Bibliography Lantern Today, English-speakers use the term lantern to describe many types of portable lighting, but lanterns originated as a protective enclosure for a light source—usually a candle or a wick in oil—to make it easier to carry and hang up, and more reliable outdoors or in drafty interiors. Lanterns were usually made from a metal frame with several sides (usually four, but up to eight), commonly with a hook or a hoop of metal on top. Windows of some translucent material would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18024114", "chunk_text": "Lantern\nlip as it was a hereditary feature of the House of Habsburg (see for example portraits of ). All fueled lanterns are somewhat hazardous owing to the danger of handling flammable and toxic fuel, danger of fire or burns from the high temperatures involved, and potential dangers from carbon monoxide poisoning if used in an enclosed environment. Simple wick lanterns remain available. They are cheap and durable, but provide little light and are unsuitable for reading. They require periodic trimming of the wick and regular cleaning of soot from the inside of the glass chimney. Mantle lanterns use a woven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2798265", "chunk_text": "Candle\nwick works by capillary action, drawing (\"\"wicking\"\") the melted wax or fuel up to the flame. When the liquid fuel reaches the flame, it vaporizes and combusts. The candle wick influences how the candle burns. Important characteristics of the wick include diameter, stiffness, fire-resistance, and tethering. A candle wick is a piece of string or cord that holds the flame of a candle. Commercial wicks are made from braided cotton. The wick's capillarity determines the rate at which the melted hydrocarbon is conveyed to the flame. If the capillarity is too great, the molten wax streams down the side of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9181898", "chunk_text": "Lighter\ntypical form of lighter is the \"\"permanent match\"\" or \"\"everlasting match\"\", consisting of a naphtha fuel-filled metal shell and a separate threaded metal rod assembly —the \"\"match\"\"— serving as the striker and wick. This \"\"metal match\"\" is stored screwed into the fuel storage compartment, the shell. The fuel-saturated striker/wick assembly is unscrewed to remove, and scratched against a flint on the side of the case to create a spark. Its concealed wick catches fire, resembling a match. The flame is extinguished by screwing the \"\"match\"\" back into the shell, where it absorbs fuel for the next use. An advantage over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046069", "chunk_text": "Kerosene\nwas also produced during the same period from oil shale and bitumen by heating the rock to extract the oil, which was then distilled. During the medieval Chinese Ming Dynasty, the Chinese made use of kerosene through extracting and purifying petroleum and then converted it into lamp fuel. The Chinese made use of petroleum and kerosene for lighting lamps and heating homes as early as 1500 BC. Although \"\"coal oil\"\" was well known by industrial chemists at least as early as the 1700s as a byproduct of making coal gas and coal tar, it burned with a smoky flame that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_702	mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergo to be able to act as mature insulin?	n/a	[ "post translational modification" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972317", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nform mature insulin. Mature insulin has 35 fewer amino acids; 4 are removed altogether, and the remaining 31 form the C-peptide. The C-peptide is abstracted from the center of the proinsulin sequence; the two other ends (the B chain and A chain) remain connected by disulfide bonds. The post translational modification of proinsulin to mature insulin only occurs in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. When proinsulin is transported through the Golgi apparatus the C-peptide is cleaved. This cleavage occurs with the aid of two endoproteases. Type I endoproteases, PC1 and PC3, disrupt the C peptide-B chain connection.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972314", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nplacement of the C peptide sets the molecule up to create correctly positioned disulfide bonds in and between the A and B chains. There are three disulfide bonds that are necessary for mature insulin to be the correct structure. Two of these disulfide bonds are between the A and B chains, and one is an intra-A chain bond. The disulfide bonds occur between the seventh residues of the A and B chain, the 19th residue of the A chain and the 20th residue of the B chain, and the 6th and 11th residues of the A chain. The C peptide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972318", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nPC2, a type II endoprotease, cleaves the C peptide-A chain bond. The resulting molecule, now mature insulin, is stored as a hexamer in secretory vesicles and is stabilized with formula_1 molecules until it is secreted. When insulin was originally purified from bovine or porcine pancreata, all the proinsulin was not fully removed. When some people used these insulins, the proinsulin may have caused the body to react with a rash, to resist the insulin, or even to make dents or lumps in the skin at the place where the insulin was injected. This can be described as an iatrogenic injury", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972313", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nthe insulin receptor. Due to the relative similarities in structure, proinsulin can produce between 5% and 10% of the metabolic activity similarly induced by insulin. Proinsulin is the final single chain protein structure secreted by cells before cleavage into mature insulin. Proinsulin was discovered by Professor Donald F. Steiner of the University of Chicago in 1967. Proinsulin is made up of 81 residues and formed by three distinct chains. The A chain, B chain, and the area connecting the two named the C peptide. The correct structure of proinsulin is crucial for the correct folding of mature insulin, as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972312", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nProinsulin Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the \"\"INS\"\" gene. The islets of Langerhans only secrete between 1% and 3% of proinsulin intact. However, because proinsulin has a longer half life than insulin, it can account for anywhere from 5–30% of the insulin-like structures circulating in the blood. There are higher concentrations of proinsulin after meals and lower levels when a person is fasting. Additionally, while proinsulin and insulin have structural differences, proinsulin does demonstrate some affinity for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972320", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nlives. Historically, the focus of many insulin related metabolic diseases has focused on mature insulin. However, in recent years the importance of studying the structure and function of proinsulin in relation to these diseases has become increasingly clear. Increased levels of proinsulin in the circulatory system relative to mature insulin concentrations can indicate impending insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Additional problems with proinsulin that can lead to diabetes include mutations in the number of cysteines present, which could affect correct folding. If the mutation causes only a mild change it could simply stress the endoplasmic reticulum’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972316", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nseen from one species to another present in the C peptide. That said, the residues of the C peptide that are conserved across species interact with similarly conserved residues on the A and B chains. Thus, it is hypothesized that these conserved residues are important for the functionality of mature insulin. Proinsulin is synthesized on membrane associated ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where it is folded and its disulfide bonds are oxidized. It is then transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is packaged into secretory vesicles, and where it is processed by a series of proteases to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972322", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nonly amino acid change mutations found in the B domain lead to the disease. Proinsulin Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the \"\"INS\"\" gene. The islets of Langerhans only secrete between 1% and 3% of proinsulin intact. However, because proinsulin has a longer half life than insulin, it can account for anywhere from 5–30% of the insulin-like structures circulating in the blood. There are higher concentrations of proinsulin after meals and lower levels when a person is fasting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7660444", "chunk_text": "Insulin\nbeta cells. Preproinsulin contains a 24-residue signal peptide which directs the nascent polypeptide chain to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The signal peptide is cleaved as the polypeptide is translocated into lumen of the RER, forming proinsulin. In the RER the proinsulin folds into the correct conformation and 3 disulfide bonds are formed. About 5–10 min after its assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum, proinsulin is transported to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) where immature granules are formed. Transport to the TGN may take about 30 min. Proinsulin undergoes maturation into active insulin through the action of cellular endopeptidases known as prohormone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15378445", "chunk_text": "Preproinsulin\nPreproinsulin Preproinsulin is the primary translational product of the \"\"INS\"\" gene. It is a peptide that is 110 amino acids in length. Preproinsulin is a proinsulin molecule with a signal peptide attached to its N-terminus. Preproinsulin is a biologically inactive precursor to the biologically active endocrine hormone insulin. Preproinsulin is converted into proinsulin by signal peptidases, which remove its signal peptide from its N-terminus. Finally, proinsulin is converted into the bioactive hormone insulin by removal of the C-peptide. Almost no preproinsulin exists in the cell, because removal of the signal peptide is not a separate step, but rather is closely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972321", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nability to properly fold the protein. This stress, after a while, would lead to a decrease in the number of β-cells producing mature insulin, and would then lead to diabetes mellitus. Postnatal proinsulin is crucial for metabolic regulation. However, proinsulin in neonates is important for normal development of the nerves of the eye, development of the heart, and general survival of embryonic cells. Regulation of the concentration of proinsulin during embryonic development is crucial, as too much or too little of the peptide can cause defects and death of the fetus. Thus far in the study of neonatal diabetes mellitus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5304780", "chunk_text": "\"Protein precursor\"\nProtein precursor A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by \"\"pro-\"\". Examples include proinsulin and proopiomelanocortin, which are both prohormones. Protein precursors are often used by an organism when the subsequent protein is potentially harmful, but needs to be available on short notice and/or in large quantities. Enzyme precursors are called zymogens or proenzymes. Examples are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12451303", "chunk_text": "Preproinsulin\nlinked to translocation of the protein into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). For the same reason, preproinsulin is rarely used medicinally, unlike insulin, the mature product, and proinsulin, a stable ER intermediate. Preproinsulin Preproinsulin is the primary translational product of the \"\"INS\"\" gene. It is a peptide that is 110 amino acids in length. Preproinsulin is a proinsulin molecule with a signal peptide attached to its N-terminus. Preproinsulin is a biologically inactive precursor to the biologically active endocrine hormone insulin. Preproinsulin is converted into proinsulin by signal peptidases, which remove its signal peptide from its N-terminus. Finally, proinsulin is converted into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2363205", "chunk_text": "\"Proprotein convertase 2\"\nProprotein convertase 2 Proprotein convertase 2 (PC2) also known as prohormone convertase 2 or neuroendocrine convertase 2 (NEC2) is a serine protease and proprotein convertase PC2, like proprotein convertase 1 (PC1), is an enzyme responsible for the first step in the maturation of many neuroendocrine peptides from their precursors, such as the conversion of proinsulin to insulin intermediates. To generate the bioactive form of insulin (and many other peptides), a second step involving the removal of C-terminal basic residues is required; this step is mediated by carboxypeptidases E and/or D. PC2 plays only a minor role in the first step", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15854314", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nInsulin analog An insulin analog is an altered form of insulin, different from any occurring in nature, but still available to the human body for performing the same action as human insulin in terms of glycemic control. Through genetic engineering of the underlying DNA, the amino acid sequence of insulin can be changed to alter its ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) characteristics. Officially, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refers to these as \"\"insulin receptor ligands\"\", although they are more commonly referred to as insulin analogs. These modifications have been used to create two types of insulin analogs:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6173780", "chunk_text": "Proteolysis\npolypeptide chains linked by two disulfide bonds. Removal of two C-terminal residues from the B-chain then yields the mature insulin. Protein folding occurs in the single-chain Proinsulin form which facilitates formation of the ultimately inter-peptide disulfide bonds, and the ultimately intra-peptide disulfide bond, found in the native structure of insulin. Proteases in particular are synthesized in the inactive form so that they may be safely stored in cells, and ready for release in sufficient quantity when required. This is to ensure that the protease is activated only in the correct location or context, as inappropriate activation of these proteases can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11784016", "chunk_text": "Hyperproinsulinemia\nHyperproinsulinemia Hyperproinsulinemia is a disease where insulin is not sufficiently processed before secretion and immature forms of insulin make up the majority of circulating insulin immunoreactivity in both fasting and glucose-stimulated conditions (insulin immunoreactivity refers to all molecules detectable by an insulin antibody, i.e. insulin, proinsulin, and proinsulin-like material). The term is composed of \"\"hyper\"\" - high, \"\"proinsulin\"\" - immature insulin molecule, and \"\"-emia\"\" - blood condition. Hyperproinsulinemia is more frequent in type 2 diabetes. It has been attributed to either a direct β-cells defect or an indirect effect of cell dysregulation under sustained elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Some alleles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972319", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\ndue to slight differences between the proinsulin of different species. Since the late 1970s, when highly purified porcine insulin was introduced, and the level of insulin purity reached 99%, this ceased to be a significant clinical issue. It should also be noted that in respect of their influence on insulin pharmacokinetics, moderate concentrations of certain insulin antibodies may, in fact, be of positive advantage to all diabetics without endogenous insulin secretion (e.g. people with type 1 diabetes) because insulin binding antibodies effectively increase the insulin's clearance rate and distribution space and therefore helps to prolong its pharmacological and biological half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "938598", "chunk_text": "Insulin\nconvertases (PC1 and PC2), as well as the exoprotease carboxypeptidase E. The endopeptidases cleave at 2 positions, releasing a fragment called the C-peptide, and leaving 2 peptide chains, the B- and A- chains, linked by 2 disulfide bonds. The cleavage sites are each located after a pair of basic residues (lysine-64 and arginine-65, and arginine-31 and −32). After cleavage of the C-peptide, these 2 pairs of basic residues are removed by the carboxypeptidase. The C-peptide is the central portion of proinsulin, and the primary sequence of proinsulin goes in the order \"\"B-C-A\"\" (the B and A chains were identified on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2937440", "chunk_text": "\"Donald F. Steiner\"\nDonald F. Steiner Donald Frederick Steiner (July 15, 1930 – November 11, 2014) was an American biochemist and a professor at the University of Chicago. Donald F. Steiner was born in 1930 in Lima, Ohio. He completed his B.S. in Chemistry and Zoology from the University of Cincinnati in 1952. He completed his M.S. in Biochemistry from the University of Chicago in 1956 and M.D. from the same university in 1956. Donald F. Steiner is known for his discoveries on proinsulin, the precursor of insulin which is a hormone that helps the body control the use of sugar. He found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16402328", "chunk_text": "C-peptide\nthe Golgi apparatus (beta-granules), the C-peptide is removed, leaving the A-chain and B-chain bound together by disulfide bonds, that constitute the insulin molecule. Proinsulin C-peptide was first described in 1967 in connection with the discovery of the insulin biosynthesis pathway. It serves as a linker between the A- and the B- chains of insulin and facilitates the efficient assembly, folding, and processing of insulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Equimolar amounts of C-peptide and insulin are then stored in secretory granules of the pancreatic beta cells and both are eventually released to the portal circulation. Initially, the sole interest in C-peptide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2972315", "chunk_text": "Proinsulin\nis between the A and B chains of proinsulin. The connection between the A chain and C peptide is much more stable than the junction between the C peptide and B chain, with alpha helical features being exhibited near the C peptide-A chain connection. The C peptide-A chain junction occurs between residues 64 and 65 of proinsulin. These are lysine and arginine molecules, respectively. The C peptide-B chain connection is between two arginine residues at positions 31 and 32 of proinsulin. There is conservation of much of the structure of proinsulin among mammalian species, with much of the residue changes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8029448", "chunk_text": "Amylin\ninsulin. Insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes produces a greater demand for insulin production which results in the secretion of proinsulin. ProIAPP is secreted simultaneously, however, the enzymes that convert these precursor molecules into insulin and IAPP, respectively, are not able to keep up with the high levels of secretion, ultimately leading to the accumulation of proIAPP. In particular, the impaired processing of proIAPP that occurs at the N-terminal cleavage site is a key factor in the initiation of amyloid. Post-translational modification of proIAPP occurs at both the carboxy terminus and the amino terminus, however, the processing of the amino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14075657", "chunk_text": "\"NPH insulin\"\naction, which is the primary reason NPH remains on the market today, because manufacturers sell a variety of premixed insulin formulations. Eventually all animal insulins made by Novo Nordisk were replaced by synthetic, recombinant 'human' insulin. Synthetic 'human' insulin is also complexed with protamine to form NPH. It has an intermediate duration of action, meaning longer than that of regular and rapid-acting insulin, and shorter than long acting insulins (ultralente, glargine or detemir). NPH insulin may be combined with faster acting insulin to allow more accurate dosing and better blood sugar level control. When administered this way, the two insulin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583742", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin glulisine\"\nInsulin glulisine Insulin glulisine is a rapid-acting insulin analogue that differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid. It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis and is sold under the trade name Apidra. When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than human insulin. When used as a meal time insulin, the dose is to be administered within 15 minutes before or 20 minutes after starting a meal. Intravenous injections may also be used for extreme hyperglycemia, but must be performed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15288671", "chunk_text": "\"Granule (cell biology)\"\nclathrin-coated transport vesicle. The process of proteolysis, removes the unwanted parts from the secretory granule resulting in mature granules. Insulin granules mature in three steps: (1) the lumen of the granule undergoes acidification, due to the acidic properties of a secretory granule; (2) proinsulin becomes insulin through the process of proteolysis. The endoproteases PC1/3 and PC2 aid in this transformation from proinsulin to insulin; and (3) the clathrin protein coat is removed. Granules are one of the non-living cell organelle of plant cell(the others-vacuole and nucleoplasm). It serves as small container of starch in plant cell. In photosynthesis, plants use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583743", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin glulisine\"\nunder the supervision of a medical professional. Insulin glulisine Insulin glulisine is a rapid-acting insulin analogue that differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid. It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis and is sold under the trade name Apidra. When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than human insulin. When used as a meal time insulin, the dose is to be administered within 15 minutes before or 20 minutes after starting a meal. Intravenous injections may also be used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11784017", "chunk_text": "Hyperproinsulinemia\nof insulin can cause hyperproinsulinemia (see table 2: monogenic forms of type 1 diabetes, INS (insulin). For a more detailed descriptions of the insulin gene variations leading to hyperproinsulinemia see NCBI's OMIM 176730 Hyperproinsulinemia Hyperproinsulinemia is a disease where insulin is not sufficiently processed before secretion and immature forms of insulin make up the majority of circulating insulin immunoreactivity in both fasting and glucose-stimulated conditions (insulin immunoreactivity refers to all molecules detectable by an insulin antibody, i.e. insulin, proinsulin, and proinsulin-like material). The term is composed of \"\"hyper\"\" - high, \"\"proinsulin\"\" - immature insulin molecule, and \"\"-emia\"\" - blood condition.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "938599", "chunk_text": "Insulin\nthe basis of mass and the C-peptide was discovered later). The resulting mature insulin is packaged inside mature granules waiting for metabolic signals (such as leucine, arginine, glucose and mannose) and vagal nerve stimulation to be exocytosed from the cell into the circulation. The endogenous production of insulin is regulated in several steps along the synthesis pathway: Insulin and its related proteins have been shown to be produced inside the brain, and reduced levels of these proteins are linked to Alzheimer's disease. Insulin release is stimulated also by beta-2 receptor stimulation and inhibited by alpha-1 receptor stimulation. In addition, cortisol,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7900714", "chunk_text": "\"Beta cell\"\nmore. Beta cells are the only site of insulin synthesis in mammals. As glucose stimulates insulin secretion, it simultaneously increases proinsulin biosynthesis, mainly through translational control. The insulin gene is first transcribed into mRNA and translated into preproinsulin. After translation, the preproinsulin precursor contains an N-terminal signal peptide that allows translocation into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Inside the RER, the signal peptide is cleaved to form proinsulin. Then, folding of proinsulin occurs forming three disulfide bonds. Subsequent to protein folding, proinsulin is transported to the Golgi apparatus and enters immature insulin granules where proinsulin is cleaved to form insulin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15256357", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nhuman recombinant analogues were available, porcine insulin was chemically converted into human insulin. Chemical modifications of the amino acid side chains at the N-terminus and/or the C-terminus were made in order to alter the ADME characteristics of the analogue. Semisynthetic insulins were clinically used for some time based on chemical modification of animal insulins, for example Novo Nordisk enzymatically converted porcine insulin into semisynthetic 'human' insulin by removing the single amino acid that varies from the human variety, and chemically adding the human amino acid. Normal unmodified insulin is soluble at physiological pH. Analogues have been created that have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15256365", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nglycemic control and adverse reaction profile. Insulin analog An insulin analog is an altered form of insulin, different from any occurring in nature, but still available to the human body for performing the same action as human insulin in terms of glycemic control. Through genetic engineering of the underlying DNA, the amino acid sequence of insulin can be changed to alter its ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) characteristics. Officially, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refers to these as \"\"insulin receptor ligands\"\", although they are more commonly referred to as insulin analogs. These modifications have been used to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8664890", "chunk_text": "Insulin\nthe brand name Humulin. The vast majority of insulin currently used worldwide is now biosynthetic recombinant \"\"human\"\" insulin or its analogues. Recombinant insulin is produced either in yeast (usually \"\"Saccharomyces cerevisiae\"\") or \"\"E. coli\"\". In yeast, insulin may be engineered as a single-chain protein with a KexII endoprotease (a yeast homolog of PCI/PCII) site that separates the insulin A chain from a c-terminally truncated insulin B chain. A chemically synthesized c-terminal tail is then grafted onto insulin by reverse proteolysis using the inexpensive protease trypsin; typically the lysine on the c-terminal tail is protected with a chemical protecting group to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "938596", "chunk_text": "Insulin\neffect of increasing glucose uptake and storage. Finally, insulin is degraded, terminating the response. In mammals, insulin is synthesized in the pancreas within the beta cells. One million to three million pancreatic islets form the endocrine part of the pancreas, which is primarily an exocrine gland. The endocrine portion accounts for only 2% of the total mass of the pancreas. Within the pancreatic islets, beta cells constitute 65–80% of all the cells. Insulin consists of two polypeptide chains, the A- and B- chains, linked together by disulfide bonds. It is however first synthesized as a single polypeptide called preproinsulin in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15256351", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nto 18 to 26 hours provided by other marketed long-acting insulins such as insulin glargine and insulin detemir). Sanofi-Aventis developed glargine as a longer-lasting insulin analogue, and markets it under the trade name Lantus. It was created by modifying three amino acids. Two positively charged arginine molecules were added to the C-terminus of the B-chain, and they shift the isoelectric point from 5.4 to 6.7, making glargine more soluble at a slightly acidic pH and less soluble at a physiological pH. Replacing the acid-sensitive asparagine at position 21 in the A-chain by glycine is needed to avoid deamination and dimerization", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18296591", "chunk_text": "Amylin\nAmylin Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in the ratio of approximately 100:1 (insulin:amylin). Amylin plays a role in glycemic regulation by slowing gastric emptying and promoting satiety, thereby preventing post-prandial spikes in blood glucose levels. IAPP is processed from an 89-residue coding sequence. Proislet amyloid polypeptide (proIAPP, proamylin, proislet protein) is produced in the pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) as a 67 amino acid, 7404 Dalton pro-peptide and undergoes post-translational modifications including protease cleavage to produce amylin. ProIAPP consists of 67 amino acids, which follow a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7062080", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin aspart\"\ntheir eating habits. The safety and efficacy of insulin aspart (NovoLog/NovoRapid) in real-life clinical practice was evaluated in the A1chieve study. It was created through recombinant DNA technology so that the amino acid, B28, which is normally proline, is substituted with an aspartic acid residue. This analog has increased charge repulsion, which prevents the formation of hexamers, to create a faster-acting insulin. The sequence was inserted into the yeast genome, and the yeast expressed the insulin analog, which was then harvested from a bioreactor. According to JDRF, insulin aspart was approved for marketing in the United States by the Food", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11430859", "chunk_text": "\"NPH insulin\"\nneedle has been injected to check for blood, is not appropriate for subcutaneous injections. NPH stands for neutral protamine Hagedorn, and the words refer to neutral pH (pH = 7), protamine (a protein), and Hans Christian Hagedorn (an insulin researcher). Brand names include Humulin N, Novolin N, Novolin NPH, Gensulin N, SciLin N, Insulatard, and NPH Iletin II. NPH insulin NPH insulin, also known as isophane insulin, is an intermediate–acting insulin given to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It is used by injection under the skin once to twice a day. Onset of effects is typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11415349", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nshifted isoelectric point so that they exist in a solubility equilibrium in which most precipitates out but slowly dissolves in the bloodstream and is eventually excreted by the kidneys. These insulin analogues are used to replace the basal level of insulin, and may be effective over a period of up to 24 hours. However, some insulin analogues, such as insulin detemir, bind to albumin rather than fat like earlier insulin varieties, and results from long-term usage (e.g. more than 10 years) are currently not available but required for assessment of clinical benefit. Unmodified human and porcine insulins tend to complex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10186323", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin signal transduction pathway\"\nenters passively. In the beta-cells of the pancreas, glucose enters through the GLUT 2 receptors (process described below). Insulin biosynthesis is regulated by transcriptional and translational levels. The β-cells promote their protein transcription in response to nutrients. The exposure of rat Langerhans islets to glucose for 1 hour is able to remarkably induce the intracellular proinsulin levels. It was noted that the proinsulin mRNA remained stable. This suggests that the acute response to glucose of the insulin synthesis is independent of mRNA synthesis in the first 45 minutes, because the blockage of the transcription decelerated the insulin accumulation during that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15256352", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nof the arginine residue. These three structural changes and formulation with zinc result in a prolonged action when compared with biosynthetic human insulin. When the pH 4.0 solution is injected, most of the material precipitates and is not bioavailable. A small amount is immediately available for use, and the remainder is sequestered in subcutaneous tissue. As the glargine is used, small amounts of the precipitated material will move into solution in the bloodstream, and the basal level of insulin will be maintained up to 24 hours. The onset of action of subcutaneous insulin glargine is somewhat slower than NPH human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6173779", "chunk_text": "Proteolysis\nPOMC, however, may vary between different tissues, yielding different sets of polypeptide hormones from the same polyprotein. Many viruses also produce their proteins initially as a single polypeptide chain that were translated from a polycistronic mRNA. This polypeptide is subsequently cleaved into individual polypeptide chains. Many proteins and hormones are synthesized in the form of their precursors - zymogens, proenzymes, and prehormones. These proteins are cleaved to form their final active structures. Insulin, for example, is synthesized as preproinsulin, which yields proinsulin after the signal peptide has been cleaved. The proinsulin is then cleaved at two positions to yield two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12584355", "chunk_text": "Glycation\nof post-translational modification of proteins and is required for the functioning of the mature molecule. Much of the early laboratory research work on fructose glycations used inaccurate assay techniques that led to drastic underestimation of the importance of fructose in glycation. Exogenous, meaning \"\"outside the body\"\", may also be referred to as \"\"dietary\"\" or \"\"pre-formed\"\". Exogenous glycations and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are formed when sugars are cooked with proteins or fats. Temperatures over 120 °C (~248 °F) greatly accelerate the reactions, but lower temperatures with longer cooking times also promote their formation. These compounds are absorbed by the body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7062079", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin aspart\"\nInsulin aspart Insulin aspart is a fast-acting insulin analog marketed by Novo Nordisk as NovoLog/NovoRapid. It is a manufactured form of human insulin; where a single amino acid has been exchanged. This change helps the fast-acting insulin analog be absorbed quickly into the bloodstream. As a result, it starts working in minutes, which allows one to take insulin and eat right away. Fast-acting insulin analogs are considered to act similarly to the way insulin is released in people without diabetes mellitus. Novolog allows for a flexible dosing schedule, which allows patients to adjust their insulin according to any changes in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15256353", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\ninsulin. It is clear solution as there is no zinc in formula. NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin with delayed absorption after subcutaneous injection, used for basal insulin support in diabetes type 1 and type 2. NPH insulins are suspensions that require shaking for reconstitution prior to injection. Many people reported problems when being switched to intermediate acting insulins in the 80s, using NPH formulations of porcine/bovine insulins. Basal insulin analogs were subsequently developed and introduced into clinical practice to achieve more predictable absorption profiles and clinical efficacy. The amino acid sequence of animal insulins in different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11415340", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin analog\"\nengineered through recombinant DNA technology so that the penultimate lysine and proline residues on the C-terminal end of the B-chain were reversed. This modification did not alter the insulin receptor binding, but blocked the formation of insulin dimers and hexamers. This allowed larger amounts of active monomeric insulin to be available for postprandial (after meal) injections. Novo Nordisk created \"\"aspart\"\" and marketed it as NovoLog/NovoRapid (UK-CAN) as a rapid-acting insulin analogue. It was created through recombinant DNA technology so that the amino acid, B28, which is normally proline, is substituted with an aspartic acid residue. The sequence was inserted into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "938594", "chunk_text": "Insulin\nThe hexamer is an inactive form with long-term stability, which serves as a way to keep the highly reactive insulin protected, yet readily available. The hexamer-monomer conversion is one of the central aspects of insulin formulations for injection. The hexamer is far more stable than the monomer, which is desirable for practical reasons; however, the monomer is a much faster-reacting drug because diffusion rate is inversely related to particle size. A fast-reacting drug means insulin injections do not have to precede mealtimes by hours, which in turn gives people with diabetes more flexibility in their daily schedules. Insulin can aggregate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2842", "chunk_text": "\"Proprotein convertase 2\"\nIt is related to the bacterial enzyme subtilisin, and altogether there are 9 different subtilisin-like genes in mammals: furin, PACE4, PC4, PC5/6, PC7/8, PCSK9, and SKI1/S1P. Proprotein convertase 2 Proprotein convertase 2 (PC2) also known as prohormone convertase 2 or neuroendocrine convertase 2 (NEC2) is a serine protease and proprotein convertase PC2, like proprotein convertase 1 (PC1), is an enzyme responsible for the first step in the maturation of many neuroendocrine peptides from their precursors, such as the conversion of proinsulin to insulin intermediates. To generate the bioactive form of insulin (and many other peptides), a second step involving the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16402327", "chunk_text": "C-peptide\nC-peptide The connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In diabetes and other diseases a measurement of C-peptide blood serum levels can be used to distinguish between certain diseases with similar clinical features. In the insulin synthesis pathway, first preproinsulin is translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum of beta cells of the pancreas with an A-chain, a C-peptide, a B-chain, and a signal sequence. The signal sequence is cleaved from the N-terminus of the peptide by a signal peptidase, leaving proinsulin. After proinsulin is packaged into vesicles in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7062081", "chunk_text": "\"Insulin aspart\"\nand Drug Administration in June 2000. The components of insulin aspart are as follows: The pH of insulin aspart is 7.2–7.6. The onset of action is approximately 15 minutes, the peak action is reached in 45–90 minutes, and the duration is 3–5 hours. However, as with all insulin, these numbers are based on averages, and vary between individuals due to blood flow, injection site, temperature and exercise. It has been debated whether or not insulin aspart (or NovoLog/NovoRapid) should be kept refrigerated at all times. The manufacturer claims it can last 28 days without refrigeration, as long as it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_703	where does the sweetness of fruit come from?	n/a	[ "Fructose, or fruit sugar", "Fructose" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4281241", "chunk_text": "Sucrose\nmany food plants along with the monosaccharide fructose. In many fruits, such as pineapple and apricot, sucrose is the main sugar. In others, such as grapes and pears, fructose is the main sugar. Although sucrose is almost invariably isolated from natural sources, its chemical synthesis was first achieved in 1953 by Raymond Lemieux. In nature, sucrose is present in many plants, and in particular their roots, fruits and nectars, because it serves as a way to store energy, primarily from photosynthesis. Many mammals, birds, insects and bacteria accumulate and feed on the sucrose in plants and for some it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4281242", "chunk_text": "Sucrose\ntheir main food source. Seen from a human consumption perspective, honeybees are especially important because they accumulate sucrose and produce honey, an important foodstuff all over the world. The carbohydrates in honey itself primarily consists of fructose and glucose with trace amounts of sucrose only. As fruits ripen, their sucrose content usually rise sharply, but some fruits contain almost no sucrose at all. This includes grapes, cherries, blueberries, blackberries, figs, pomegranates, tomatoes, avocados, lemons and limes. Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar, but with the advent of industrialization, it has been increasingly refined and consumed in all kinds of processed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19570730", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nSweetness Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars. Sweet tastes are regarded as a pleasurable experience, except perhaps in excess. In addition to sugars like sucrose, many other chemical compounds are sweet, including aldehydes, ketones, and sugar alcohols. Some are sweet at very low concentrations, allowing their use as non-caloric sugar substitutes. Such non-sugar sweeteners include saccharin and aspartame. Other compounds, such as miraculin, may alter perception of sweetness itself. The chemosensory basis for detecting sweetness, which varies between both individuals and species, has only begun to be understood since the late 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3598269", "chunk_text": "Apple\nApple An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus \"\"Malus\"\". The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"\"Malus sieversii\"\", is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions. Apple trees are large if grown from seed. Generally apple cultivars are propagated by grafting onto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17469044", "chunk_text": "Miraculin\nMiraculin Miraculin is a , a glycoprotein extracted from the fruit of \"\"Synsepalum dulcificum\"\". The berry, also known as the miracle fruit, was documented by explorer Chevalier des Marchais, who searched for many different fruits during a 1725 excursion to its native West Africa. Miraculin itself is not sweet. After the taste buds are exposed to miraculin (which binds to sweet receptors on the tongue), acidic foods that are ordinarily sour (such as citrus) are perceived as sweet. This effect lasts up to about an hour. The active substance was named miraculin after its extraction was published in 1968. Miraculin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "498006", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (fruit)\"\nare a group of intergeneric sweet orange x trifoliate orange hybrids. The taste of oranges is determined mainly by the relative ratios of sugars and acids, whereas orange aroma derives from volatile organic compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes, and esters. Bitter limonoid compounds, such as limonin, decrease gradually during development, whereas volatile aroma compounds tend to peak in mid– to late–season development. Taste quality tends to improve later in harvests when there is a higher sugar/acid ratio with less bitterness. As a citrus fruit, the orange is acidic, with pH levels ranging from 2.9 to 4.0. Sensory qualities vary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11849812", "chunk_text": "Fruit\nIn common language usage, \"\"fruit\"\" normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of a plant that are sweet or sour, and edible in the raw state, such as apples, bananas, grapes, lemons, oranges, and strawberries. On the other hand, in botanical usage, \"\"fruit\"\" includes many structures that are not commonly called \"\"fruits\"\", such as bean pods, corn kernels, tomatoes, and wheat grains. The section of a fungus that produces spores is also called a fruiting body. Many common terms for seeds and fruit do not correspond to the botanical classifications. In culinary terminology, a \"\"fruit\"\" is usually any sweet-tasting plant part,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5644319", "chunk_text": "Melon\nMelon A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet edible, fleshy fruit. The word \"\"melon\"\" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a \"\"pepo\"\". The word \"\"melon\"\" derives from Latin \"\"\"\", which is the latinization of the Greek (\"\"mēlopepōn\"\"), meaning \"\"melon\"\", itself a compound of (\"\"mēlon\"\"), \"\"apple, treefruit (\"\"of any kind\"\")\"\" and (\"\"pepōn\"\"), amongst others \"\"a kind of gourd or melon\"\". Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of cantaloupes. Melons originated in Northeastern Africa and the Middle East, but they gradually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7831979", "chunk_text": "Fructose\nFructose Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into blood during digestion. Fructose was discovered by French chemist Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1847. The name \"\"fructose\"\" was coined in 1857 by the English chemist William Allen Miller. Pure, dry fructose is a sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid, and is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15769736", "chunk_text": "\"Candied fruit\"\nCandied fruit Candied fruit, also known as crystallized fruit or glacé fruit, has existed since the 14th century. Whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel, are placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually preserves it. Depending on size and type of fruit, this process of preservation can take from several days to several months. This process allows the fruit to retain its quality for a year. The continual process of drenching the fruit in syrup causes the fruit to become saturated with sugar, preventing the growth of spoilage microorganisms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20667083", "chunk_text": "Sugar-apple\nenergy, an excellent source of vitamin C and manganese, a good source of thiamine and vitamin B, and provides vitamin B, B B, B, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium in fair quantities. For uses of other fruit from the Custard-apple family see: Sugar-apple The sugar-apple, sweetsop, or custard apple is the fruit of \"\"Annona squamosa\"\", the most widely grown species of \"\"Annona\"\" and a native of the tropical Americas and West Indies. The Spanish traders of Manila galleons brought it to Asia, where its old Mexican name \"\"ate\"\" may still be found in Bengali ata, Nepalese aati, Sinhalese mati anoda,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16753566", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nA few substances alter the way sweet taste is perceived. One class of these inhibits the perception of sweet tastes, whether from sugars or from highly potent sweeteners. Commercially, the most important of these is lactisole, a compound produced by Domino Sugar. It is used in some jellies and other fruit preserves to bring out their fruit flavors by suppressing their otherwise strong sweetness. Two natural products have been documented to have similar sweetness-inhibiting properties: gymnemic acid, extracted from the leaves of the Indian vine \"\"Gymnema sylvestre\"\" and ziziphin, from the leaves of the Chinese jujube (\"\"Ziziphus jujuba\"\"). Gymnemic acid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4108411", "chunk_text": "Apple\nphrase evolved to \"\"an apple a day, no doctor to pay\"\" and \"\"an apple a day sends the doctor away\"\", while the phrasing now commonly used was first recorded in 1922. Books Apple An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus \"\"Malus\"\". The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"\"Malus sieversii\"\", is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2877233", "chunk_text": "Sorbitol\nSorbitol Sorbitol (), less commonly known as glucitol (), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Most sorbitol is made from corn syrup, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "497990", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (fruit)\"\ndiffering only by mutations selected for during agricultural propagation. Sweet oranges have a distinct origin from the bitter orange, which arose independently, perhaps in the wild, from a cross between pure mandarin and pomelo parents. The earliest mention of the sweet orange in Chinese literature dates from 314 B.C. In Europe, the Moors introduced the orange to Spain which was known as Al-Andalus, modern Andalusia, with large scale cultivation starting in the 10th century as evidenced by complex irrigation techniques specifically adapted to support orange orchards. Citrus fruits — among them the bitter orange — were introduced to Sicily in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9728105", "chunk_text": "Food\nothers, such as bitter, are not enjoyable. Water, while important for survival, has no taste. Fats, on the other hand, especially saturated fats, are thicker and rich and are thus considered more enjoyable to eat. Generally regarded as the most pleasant taste, sweetness is almost always caused by a type of simple sugar such as glucose or fructose, or disaccharides such as sucrose, a molecule combining glucose and fructose. Complex carbohydrates are long chains and thus do not have the sweet taste. Artificial sweeteners such as sucralose are used to mimic the sugar molecule, creating the sensation of sweet, without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12335710", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (fruit)\"\ndietary fiber, total polyphenols, carotenoids, limonene and dietary minerals, such as potassium and magnesium. Orange (fruit) The orange is the fruit of the citrus species \"\"Citrus\"\" × \"\"sinensis\"\" in the family Rutaceae. It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related \"\"Citrus × aurantium\"\", referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations. The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (\"\"Citrus maxima\"\") and mandarin (\"\"Citrus reticulata\"\"). The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. The sweet orange has had its full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7832007", "chunk_text": "Fructose\nfood and beverage products cause less of a rise in blood glucose levels than do those manufactured with sucrose or glucose. Fructose Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into blood during digestion. Fructose was discovered by French chemist Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1847. The name \"\"fructose\"\" was coined in 1857 by the English chemist William Allen Miller. Pure, dry fructose is a sweet, white, odorless,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16321439", "chunk_text": "\"Orange (fruit)\"\nOrange (fruit) The orange is the fruit of the citrus species \"\"Citrus\"\" × \"\"sinensis\"\" in the family Rutaceae. It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related \"\"Citrus × aurantium\"\", referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations. The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (\"\"Citrus maxima\"\") and mandarin (\"\"Citrus reticulata\"\"). The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. The sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced. Sweet oranges were mentioned in Chinese literature in 314 BC. , orange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4481781", "chunk_text": "\"Malic acid\"\nthe salt(s) \"\"Malat(e)\"\". Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabelles, peaches, pears, plums, and quince and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus. It contributes to the sourness of green (unripe) apples. It is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/l. It confers a tart taste to wine, although the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness. The taste of malic acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant for which it is the primary flavor. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7699114", "chunk_text": "Tree\nAn area of woodland composed primarily of trees established by planting or artificial seeding is known as a plantation. Trees are the source of many of the world's best known fleshy fruits. Apples, pears, plums, cherries and citrus are all grown commercially in temperate climates and a wide range of edible fruits are found in the tropics. Other commercially important fruit include dates, figs and olives. Palm oil is obtained from the fruits of the oil palm (\"\"Elaeis guineensis\"\"). The fruits of the cocoa tree (\"\"Theobroma cacao\"\") are used to make cocoa and chocolate and the berries of coffee trees,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13302806", "chunk_text": "\"Synsepalum dulcificum\"\nSynsepalum dulcificum Synsepalum dulcificum is a plant known for its berry that, when eaten, causes sour foods (such as lemons and limes) subsequently consumed to taste sweet. This effect is due to miraculin. Common names for this species and its berry include miracle fruit, miracle berry, miraculous berry, sweet berry, and in West Africa, where the species originates, agbayun, taami, asaa, and ledidi. The berry itself has a low sugar content and a mildly sweet tang. It contains a glycoprotein molecule, with some trailing carbohydrate chains, called miraculin. When the fleshy part of the fruit is eaten, this molecule binds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19570734", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nserine are the sweetest. Some other amino acids are perceived as both sweet and bitter. A number of plant species produce glycosides that are sweet at concentrations much lower than sugar. The most well-known example is glycyrrhizin, the sweet component of licorice root, which is about 30 times sweeter than sucrose. Another commercially important example is stevioside, from the South American shrub \"\"Stevia rebaudiana\"\". It is roughly 250 times sweeter than sucrose. Another class of potent natural sweeteners are the sweet proteins such as thaumatin, found in the West African katemfe fruit. Hen egg lysozyme, an antibiotic protein found in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18008322", "chunk_text": "Grapefruit\nGrapefruit The grapefruit (\"\"Citrus\"\" × \"\"paradisi\"\") is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (\"\"C. sinensis\"\") and pomelo, or shaddock (\"\"C. maxima\"\"), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the \"\"forbidden fruit\"\"; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7887176", "chunk_text": "Berry\nBerry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, red currants, white currants and blackcurrants. In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits. The scientific usage of the term \"\"berry\"\" differs from common usage. In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9728106", "chunk_text": "Food\nthe calories. Other types of sugar include raw sugar, which is known for its amber color, as it is unprocessed. As sugar is vital for energy and survival, the taste of sugar is pleasant. The stevia plant contains a compound known as steviol which, when extracted, has 300 times the sweetness of sugar while having minimal impact on blood sugar. Sourness is caused by the taste of acids, such as vinegar in alcoholic beverages. Sour foods include citrus, specifically lemons, limes, and to a lesser degree oranges. Sour is evolutionarily significant as it is a sign for a food that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19570732", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nthe lowest detection threshold, at about 1 part in 2 million for quinine in solution. In the natural settings that human primate ancestors evolved in, sweetness intensity should indicate energy density, while bitterness tends to indicate toxicity. The high sweetness detection threshold and low bitterness detection threshold would have predisposed our primate ancestors to seek out sweet-tasting (and energy-dense) foods and avoid bitter-tasting foods. Even amongst leaf-eating primates, there is a tendency to prefer immature leaves, which tend to be higher in protein and lower in fibre and poisons than mature leaves. The 'sweet tooth' thus has an ancient evolutionary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13302807", "chunk_text": "\"Synsepalum dulcificum\"\nto the tongue's taste buds, causing sour foods to taste sweet. At neutral pH, miraculin binds and blocks the receptors, but at low pH (resulting from ingestion of sour foods) miraculin binds proteins and becomes able to activate the sweet receptors, resulting in the perception of sweet taste. This effect lasts until the protein is washed away by saliva (up to about 30 minutes). The names \"\"miracle fruit\"\" and \"\"miracle berry\"\" are shared by \"\"Gymnema sylvestre\"\" and \"\"Thaumatococcus daniellii\"\", which are two other species of plant used to alter the perceived sweetness of foods. The berry has been used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19856303", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Sweet\"\nGolden Sweet Golden Sweet is a cultivar of domesticated apple. The apple originated in the American state of Connecticut, but beyond that, its parentage is a mystery. A Golden Sweet apple is a medium- to large-sized apple. Golden Sweet apples usually ripen from late July through early August, though this depends on the area. The harvest may continue into September. The flavor of a Golden Sweet apple is very sweet, rich, and has almost no tartness. The flavor has been described as \"\"honey sweet\"\". Golden Sweet has no acid flavor. Golden Sweet tend to bear apples, every other year. Golden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19570733", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nheritage, and while food processing has changed consumption patterns, human physiology remains largely unchanged. A great diversity of chemical compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones are sweet. Among common biological substances, all of the simple carbohydrates are sweet to at least some degree. Sucrose (table sugar) is the prototypical example of a sweet substance. Sucrose in solution has a sweetness perception rating of 1, and other substances are rated relative to this. For example, another sugar, fructose, is somewhat sweeter, being rated at 1.7 times the sweetness of sucrose. Some of the amino acids are mildly sweet: alanine, glycine, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15769737", "chunk_text": "\"Candied fruit\"\ndue to the unfavourable osmotic pressure this creates. Fruits that are commonly candied include dates, cherries, pineapple, and a root, ginger. The principal candied peels are orange and citron; these with candied lemon peel are the usual ingredients of mixed chopped peel (which may also include glacé cherries). Recipes vary from region to region, but the general principle is to boil the fruit, steep it in increasingly strong sugar solutions for a number of weeks, and then dry off any remaining water. Food preservation methods using sugar (palm syrup and honey) were known to the ancient cultures of China and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3407231", "chunk_text": "Ripening\nRipening Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green (typically \"\"redder\"\"), and softer as it ripens. Even though the acidity of fruit increases as it ripens, the higher acidity level does not make the fruit seem tarter. This is attributed to the Brix-Acid Ratio. Ripening agents speed up the ripening process. They allow many fruits to be picked prior to full ripening, which is useful, since ripened fruits do not ship well. For example, bananas are picked when green and artificially ripened after shipment by being gassed with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2394906", "chunk_text": "\"Fruit salt\"\nFruit salt Fruit salt or fruit salts is a term for effervescent compounds made up of organic acids such as citric acid or tartaric acid and salts such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bitartrate in combination with added flavoring and sugar. Historically, fruit salts were sold for a wide range of ailments, and today they are used primarily as antacids. In the 17th and 18th centuries, scientists began uncovering the chemical make-up and physiological benefits of various salts such as Glauber's salt and Epsom salts. The fact that these were found in mineral springs led to the rise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16753570", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nsignificantly. For example, even amongst the primates sweetness is quite variable. New World monkeys do not find aspartame sweet, while Old World monkeys and apes (including humans) all do. Felids like domestic cats cannot perceive sweetness at all. The ability to taste sweetness often atrophies genetically in species of carnivores who do not eat sweet foods like fruits, including bottlenose dolphins, sea lions, spotted hyenas and fossas. To depolarize the cell, and ultimately generate a response, the body uses different cells in the taste bud that each express a receptor for the perception of sweet, sour, salty, bitter or umami.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1008155", "chunk_text": "Ripening\nthe fruit is degraded. Enzymatic breakdown and hydrolysis of storage polysaccharides occurs during ripening. The main storage polysaccharides include starch. These are broken down into shorter, water-soluble molecules such as fructose, glucose and sucrose. During fruit ripening, gluconeogenesis also increases. Acids are broken down in ripening fruits and this contributes to the sweeter rather than sharp tastes associated with unripe fruits. In some fruits such as guava, there is a steady decrease in vitamin C as the fruit ripens. This is mainly as a result of the general decrease in acid content that occurs when a fruit ripens. Different fruit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10674541", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Ann cherry\"\nis toxic or lethal in large doses. These compounds can be found in the bark, flowers, seeds, and leaves of cherry trees. Children have been poisoned in the past by eating or swallowing large amounts of seeds. Livestock have been killed by grazing on branches and leaves. It is thought that cherries first originated in Turkey, near the Black Sea. Cultivation has been credited to the Greeks who helped the fruit spread through the Roman Empire and to England, where cherry trees were used as a food source and also for timber. Sweet cherry trees were initially brought to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20103481", "chunk_text": "Sugar-apple\nSugar-apple The sugar-apple, sweetsop, or custard apple is the fruit of \"\"Annona squamosa\"\", the most widely grown species of \"\"Annona\"\" and a native of the tropical Americas and West Indies. The Spanish traders of Manila galleons brought it to Asia, where its old Mexican name \"\"ate\"\" may still be found in Bengali ata, Nepalese aati, Sinhalese mati anoda, Burmese awzar thee, Indonesia “ Srikaya”’ and atis in the Philippines. It is also known as sitaphal in India (mainly \"\"Annona reticulata\"\"), in the Philippines and in Australia. The name is also used in Portuguese as ata. The fruit is spherical-conical, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19575568", "chunk_text": "Sugar-apple\ndiameter and long, and weighing , with a thick rind composed of knobby segments. The color is typically pale green through blue-green, with a deep pink blush in certain varieties, and typically has a bloom. It is unique among \"\"Annona\"\" fruits in being segmented, and the segments tend to separate when ripe, exposing the interior. The flesh is fragrant and sweet, creamy white through light yellow, and resembles and tastes like custard. It is found adhering to seeds forming individual segments arranged in a single layer around a conical core. It is soft, slightly grainy, and slippery. The hard, shiny", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2490517", "chunk_text": "\"Berry (botany)\"\nBerry (botany) In botany, a berry is a fleshy fruit without a stone produced from a single flower containing one ovary. Berries so defined include grapes, currants, and tomatoes, as well as cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas, but exclude certain fruits commonly called berries, such as strawberries and raspberries. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire outer layer of the ovary wall ripens into a potentially edible \"\"pericarp\"\". Berries may be formed from one or more carpels from the same flower (i.e. from a simple or a compound ovary). The seeds are usually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2877244", "chunk_text": "Sorbitol\nonly a small amount of sorbitol is absorbed in the small intestine, and most of the sorbitol enters the colon, with consequent gastrointestinal effects. Sorbitol Sorbitol (), less commonly known as glucitol (), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Most sorbitol is made from corn syrup, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16753569", "chunk_text": "Sweetness\nbut also in the lining of gastrointestinal tract as well as nasal epithelium, pancreatic islet cells, sperm and testes. It is proposed that the presence of sweet taste receptors in the GI tract controls the feeling of hunger and satiety. Another research has shown that the threshold of sweet taste perception is in direct correlation with the time of day. This is believed to be the consequence of oscillating leptin levels in blood that may impact the overall sweetness of food. Scientists hypothesize that this is an evolutionary relict of diurnal animals like humans. Sweetness perception may differ between species", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11572039", "chunk_text": "Sugar\nreduce their intake of free sugars to less than 10%, and encouraged a reduction to below 5%, of their total energy intake. The etymology reflects the spread of the commodity. From Sanskrit (\"\"śarkarā\"\"), meaning \"\"ground or candied sugar,\"\" originally \"\"grit, gravel\"\", came Persian \"\"shakar\"\", whence Arabic (\"\"sukkar\"\"), whence Medieval Latin \"\"succarum\"\", whence 12th-century French \"\"sucre\"\", whence the English word \"\"sugar\"\". Italian \"\"zucchero\"\", Spanish \"\"azúcar\"\", and Portuguese \"\"açúcar\"\" came directly from Arabic, the Spanish and Portuguese words retaining the Arabic definite article. The earliest Greek word attested is (\"\"sákkʰaris\"\"). The English word \"\"jaggery\"\", a coarse brown sugar made from date palm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18335724", "chunk_text": "Candy\nwhile the word sugar is derived from the Sanskrit word \"\"Sharkara\"\". Pieces of sugar were produced by boiling sugarcane juice in ancient India and consumed as \"\"Khanda\"\", dubbed as the original candy and the etymology of the word. Before sugar was readily available, candy was based on honey. Honey was used in Ancient China, Middle East, Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy. Candy is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of garnish. Before the Industrial Revolution,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18033674", "chunk_text": "\"Malic acid\"\nMalic acid Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (- and -enantiomers), though only the -isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. The name \"\"malic\"\" derives from Latin, \"\"malus\"\" meaning \"\"apple\"\". This derivation is also seen in the traditional German name for malic acid being Äpfelsäure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15289314", "chunk_text": "\"Synsepalum dulcificum\"\nban on importing \"\"Synsepalum dulcificum\"\" (specifying 'miraculin') from its origin in Taiwan, declaring it as an \"\"illegal undeclared sweetener\"\". Synsepalum dulcificum Synsepalum dulcificum is a plant known for its berry that, when eaten, causes sour foods (such as lemons and limes) subsequently consumed to taste sweet. This effect is due to miraculin. Common names for this species and its berry include miracle fruit, miracle berry, miraculous berry, sweet berry, and in West Africa, where the species originates, agbayun, taami, asaa, and ledidi. The berry itself has a low sugar content and a mildly sweet tang. It contains a glycoprotein molecule,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16849614", "chunk_text": "\"Peach (fruit)\"\nurticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms). Adverse reactions are related to the \"\"freshness\"\" of the fruit: peeled or canned fruit may be tolerated. Some 110 chemical compounds contribute to peach aroma, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, polyphenols and terpenoids. Peach (fruit) A peach is a soft, juicy and fleshy stone fruit produced by a peach tree. Peaches were cultivated in China as far back as 8,000 years ago, with domestication at least 4,000 years ago. The peach is deeply interwoven into Chinese traditions. Hundreds of peach and nectarine cultivars are known. These are classified into two categories — the freestones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18615857", "chunk_text": "\"Dried fruit\"\nhave been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwi fruit and pineapple are most often candied fruit. Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method. Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1278572", "chunk_text": "\"Palm sugar\"\nPalm sugar Palm sugar is a sweetener derived from any variety of palm tree. Palm sugar is sometimes qualified by the type of palm, as in coconut palm sugar. While sugars from different palms may have slightly different compositions, all are processed similarly and can be used interchangeably. The predominant sources of palm sugar are the Palmyra, date, nipa, sugar and coconut palms. The Palmyra palm (\"\"Borassus\"\" spp.) is grown in Africa, Asia, and New Guinea. The tree has many uses, such as thatching, hatmaking, timber, use as a writing material, and in food products. Palm sugar is produced from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7734243", "chunk_text": "\"Fruit brandy\"\nFruit brandy Fruit brandy or fruit spirit is a distilled beverage produced from mash, juice, wine or residues of edible fruits. The term covers a broad class of spirits produced across the world, and typically excludes beverages made from grapes, which are referred to as plain brandy (when made from distillation from wine) or pomace brandy (when made directly from grape pomace). Apples, pears, apricots, plums and cherries are the most commonly used fruits. According to a legal definition in the United States, a \"\"fruit brandy\"\" is distilled \"\"solely from the fermented juice or mash of whole, sound, ripe fruit,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11572040", "chunk_text": "Sugar\nsap or sugarcane juice, has a similar etymological origin: Portuguese \"\"jágara\"\" from the Malayalam (\"\"cakkarā\"\"), which is itself from the Sanskrit (\"\"śarkarā\"\"). Sugar has been produced in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times and its cultivation spread from there into modern-day Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. It was not plentiful or cheap in early times, and in most parts of the world, honey was more often used for sweetening. Originally, people chewed raw sugarcane to extract its sweetness. Sugarcane was a native of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species seem to have originated from different locations with \"\"Saccharum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_704	an object that moves around an external axis is said to be?	n/a	[ "revolution or orbital revolution", "orbit" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12991513", "chunk_text": "Rotation\nRotation A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation. A three-dimensional object can always be rotated around an infinite number of imaginary lines called \"\"rotation axes\"\" ( ). If the axis passes through the body's center of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself, or spin. A rotation about an external point, e.g. the Earth about the Sun, is called a revolution or orbital revolution, typically when it is produced by gravity. The axis is called a pole. Mathematically, a rotation is a rigid body movement which, unlike a translation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9345771", "chunk_text": "Precession\nobject (e.g., a gyroscope) describes a cone in space when an external torque is applied to it. The phenomenon is commonly seen in a spinning toy top, but all rotating objects can undergo precession. If the speed of the rotation and the magnitude of the external torque are constant, the spin axis will move at right angles to the direction that would intuitively result from the external torque. In the case of a toy top, its weight is acting downwards from its center of mass and the normal force (reaction) of the ground is pushing up on it at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8381179", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\nCoriolis force In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial or fictitious force that seems to act on objects that are in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the left of the motion of the object. In one with anticlockwise (or counterclockwise) rotation, the force acts to the right. Deflection of an object due to the Coriolis force is called the Coriolis effect. Though recognized previously by others, the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1245279", "chunk_text": "Rotation\naxis of rotation. Similarly the torque is an axial vector. The physics of the rotation around a fixed axis is mathematically described with the axis–angle representation of rotations. According to the right-hand rule, the direction away from the observer is associated with clockwise rotation and the direction towards the observer with counterclockwise rotation, like a screw. The laws of physics are currently believed to be invariant under any fixed rotation. (Although they do appear to change when viewed from a rotating viewpoint: see rotating frame of reference.) In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the distribution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8269394", "chunk_text": "Rolling\naxis that passes through the point of contact with the same angular velocity. Any point in the rolling object farther from the axis than the point of contact will temporarily move opposite to the direction of the overall motion when it is below the level of the rolling surface (for example, any point in the part of the flange of a train wheel that is below the rail). Since kinetic energy is entirely a function of an object mass and velocity, the above result may be used with the parallel axis theorem to obtain the kinetic energy associated with simple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2799247", "chunk_text": "\"Centrifugal force\"\nCentrifugal force In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force (also called a \"\"fictitious\"\" or \"\"pseudo\"\" force) that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference. It is directed away from an axis passing through the coordinate system's origin and parallel to the axis of rotation. If the axis of rotation passes through the coordinate system's origin, the centrifugal force is directed radially outwards from that axis. The concept of centrifugal force can be applied in rotating devices, such as centrifuges, centrifugal pumps, centrifugal governors, and centrifugal clutches, and in centrifugal railways,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13716255", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis field\"\nseen to slide away from the centre of the roundabout. In the non-rotating frame of reference, the outward motion is a consequence of the object’s \"\"inertial mass\"\" and the object's tendency to continue moving in a straight line. However, in the rotating frame as a reference, the object is pulled outwards by a radial gravitational field \"\"caused by the relative rotation of the outside universe\"\". In that view, the (outward) motion is instead a consequence of its \"\"gravitational mass\"\". This dual description is used to unify the ideas of inertial and gravitational mass under general theories of relativity, and to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2799278", "chunk_text": "\"Centrifugal force\"\npath of the mass. The concept of the reactive centrifugal force is sometimes used in mechanics and engineering. It is sometimes referred to as just \"\"centrifugal force\"\" rather than as \"\"reactive\"\" centrifugal force although this usage is deprecated in elementary mechanics. Centrifugal force In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force (also called a \"\"fictitious\"\" or \"\"pseudo\"\" force) that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference. It is directed away from an axis passing through the coordinate system's origin and parallel to the axis of rotation. If the axis of rotation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2799250", "chunk_text": "\"Centrifugal force\"\nits origin, all objects, regardless of their state of motion, appear to be under the influence of a radially (from the axis of rotation) outward force that is proportional to their mass, to the distance from the axis of rotation of the frame, and to the square of the angular velocity of the frame. This is the centrifugal force. As humans usually experience centrifugal force from within the rotating reference frame, e.g. on a merry-go-round or vehicle, this is much more well-known than centripetal force. Motion relative to a rotating frame results in another fictitious force: the Coriolis force. If", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1245281", "chunk_text": "Rotation\nphysical system is invariant under rotation, then angular momentum is conserved. Euler rotations provide an alternative description of a rotation. It is a composition of three rotations defined as the movement obtained by changing one of the Euler angles while leaving the other two constant. Euler rotations are never expressed in terms of the external frame, or in terms of the co-moving rotated body frame, but in a mixture. They constitute a mixed axes of rotation system, where the first angle moves the line of nodes around the external axis \"\"z\"\", the second rotates around the line of nodes and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "201112", "chunk_text": "\"Rotation around a fixed axis\"\na fixed axis is typically taught in introductory physics courses after students have mastered linear motion; the full generality of rotational motion is not usually taught in introductory physics classes. A \"\"rigid body\"\" is an object of finite extent in which all the distances between the component particles are constant. No truly rigid body exists; external forces can deform any solid. For our purposes, then, a rigid body is a solid which requires large forces to deform it appreciably. A change in the position of a particle in three-dimensional space can be completely specified by three coordinates. A change in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19717811", "chunk_text": "\"Fictitious force\"\nFictitious force A fictitious force (also called a pseudo force, d'Alembert force, or inertial force) is an apparent force that acts on all masses whose motion is described using a non-inertial frame of reference, such as a rotating reference frame. Examples are the forces that act on passengers in an accelerating or braking automobile, and the force that pushes objects toward the rim of a centrifuge. The fictitious force F is due to an object's inertia when the reference frame does not move inertially, and thus begins to accelerate relative to the free object. The fictitious force thus does not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12340676", "chunk_text": "\"Free body diagram\"\nExternal forces known to be small that are known to have negligible effect on the result of the analysis, are sometimes omitted, but only after careful consideration or after other analysis proving it (e.g. buoyancy forces of the air in the analysis of a chair, or atmospheric pressure on the analysis of a frying pan). The external; forces acting on the object include friction, gravity, normal force, drag, tension, or a human force due to pushing or pulling. When in a non-inertial reference frame (see coordinate system, below), fictitious forces, such as centrifugal pseudoforce are appropriate. A coordinate system is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4579502", "chunk_text": "\"Yaw (rotation)\"\nYaw (rotation) A yaw rotation is a movement around the yaw axis of a rigid body that changes the direction it is pointing, to the left or right of its direction of motion. The yaw rate or yaw velocity of a car, aircraft, projectile or other rigid body is the angular velocity of this rotation, or rate of change of the heading angle when the aircraft is horizontal. It is commonly measured in degrees per second or radians per second. Another important concept is the yaw moment, or yawing moment, which is the component of a torque about the yaw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "201126", "chunk_text": "\"Rotation around a fixed axis\"\nabove. Kinetic energy must always be either zero or a positive value. While velocity can have either a positive or negative value, velocity squared will always be positive. The above development is a special case of general rotational motion. In the general case, angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and torque are considered to be vectors. An angular displacement is considered to be a vector, pointing along the axis, of magnitude equal to that of formula_8. A right-hand rule is used to find which way it points along the axis; if the fingers of the right hand are curled to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14415779", "chunk_text": "Herpolhode\nHerpolhode A herpolhode is the curve traced out by the endpoint of the angular velocity vector ω of a rigid rotor, a rotating rigid body. The endpoint of the angular velocity moves in a plane in absolute space, called the invariable plane, that is orthogonal to the angular momentum vector L. The fact that the herpolhode is a curve in the invariable plane appears as part of Poinsot's construction. The trajectory of the angular velocity around the angular momentum in the invariable plane is a circle in the case of a symmetric top, but in the general case wiggles inside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "129839", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\nto the Northern Hemisphere. As the Earth turns around its axis, everything attached to it, including the atmosphere, turns with it (imperceptibly to our senses). An object that is moving without being dragged along with the surface rotation or atmosphere such as an object in ballistic flight or an independent air mass within the atmosphere, travels in a straight motion over the turning Earth. From our rotating perspective on the planet, the direction of motion of an object in ballistic flight changes as it moves, bending in the opposite direction to our actual motion. When viewed from a stationary point", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20350907", "chunk_text": "\"Axes conventions\"\nAxes conventions In ballistics and flight dynamics, axes conventions are standardized ways of establishing the location and orientation of coordinate axes for use as a frame of reference. Mobile objects are normally tracked from an external frame considered fixed. Other frames can be defined on those mobile objects to deal with relative positions for other objects. Finally, attitudes or orientations can be described by a relationship between the external frame and the one defined over the mobile object. The orientation of a vehicle is normally referred to as \"\"attitude\"\". It is described normally by the orientation of a frame fixed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19603701", "chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nCircular motion In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. It can be uniform, with constant angular rate of rotation and constant speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves circular motion of its parts. The equations of motion describe the movement of the center of mass of a body. Examples of circular motion include: an artificial satellite orbiting the Earth at a constant height, a ceiling fan's blades rotating around a hub, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9345768", "chunk_text": "Precession\nis the spin rate about the axis of symmetry, is the moment of inertia about the axis of symmetry, is moment of inertia about either of the other two equal perpendicular principal axes, and is the angle between the moment of inertia direction and the symmetry axis. When an object is not perfectly solid, internal vortices will tend to damp torque-free precession, and the rotation axis will align itself with one of the inertia axes of the body. For a generic solid object without any axis of symmetry, the evolution of the object's orientation, represented (for example) by a rotation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14415780", "chunk_text": "Herpolhode\nan annulus, while still being concave towards the angular momentum. H. Goldstein, \"\"Classical Mechanics\"\", Addison-Wesley (1950), p. 159 ff. V. I. Arnold, \"\"Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics\"\", Second edition, Springer (1989), p. 146. Herpolhode A herpolhode is the curve traced out by the endpoint of the angular velocity vector ω of a rigid rotor, a rotating rigid body. The endpoint of the angular velocity moves in a plane in absolute space, called the invariable plane, that is orthogonal to the angular momentum vector L. The fact that the herpolhode is a curve in the invariable plane appears as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20738039", "chunk_text": "\"Orientation (geometry)\"\nOrientation (geometry) In geometry the orientation, angular position, or attitude of an object such as a line, plane or rigid body is part of the description of how it is placed in the space it occupies. Namely, it is the imaginary rotation that is needed to move the object from a reference placement to its current placement. A rotation may not be enough to reach the current placement. It may be necessary to add an imaginary translation, called the object's location (or position, or linear position). The location and orientation together fully describe how the object is placed in space.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16150224", "chunk_text": "\"Projectile motion\"\nProjectile motion Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle (a projectile) that is thrown near the Earth's surface and moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only (in particular, the effects of air resistance are assumed to be negligible). This curved path was shown by Galileo to be a parabola. The study of such motions is called ballistics, and such a trajectory is a \"\"ballistic trajectory\"\". The only force of significance that acts on the object is gravity, which acts downward, thus imparting to the object a downward acceleration. Because of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6610833", "chunk_text": "\"Absolute rotation\"\nframe. If you see all the stars whirling around you, Mach suggests that there is some physical law which would make it so you would feel a centrifugal force. The principle is often stated in vague ways, like \"\"mass out there influences inertia here\"\". The example considered by Einstein was the rotating elastic sphere. Like a rotating planet bulging at the equator, a rotating sphere deforms into an oblate (squashed) spheroid depending on its rotation. In classical mechanics, an explanation of this deformation requires external causes in a frame of reference in the spheroid it is not rotating, and these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6811751", "chunk_text": "\"Euler angles\"\naround the external axis \"\"z\"\", the second rotates around the line of nodes \"\"N\"\" and the third one is an intrinsic rotation around \"\"Z\"\", an axis fixed in the body that moves. The static definition implies that: If \"\"β\"\" is zero, there is no rotation about \"\"N\"\". As a consequence, \"\"Z\"\" coincides with \"\"z\"\", \"\"α\"\" and \"\"γ\"\" represent rotations about the same axis (\"\"z\"\"), and the final orientation can be obtained with a single rotation about \"\"z\"\", by an angle equal to \"\"α\"\"+\"\"γ\"\". As an example, consider a top. The top spins around its own axis of symmetry; this corresponds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18410040", "chunk_text": "\"Screw axis\"\nwith Chasles’ theorem. The motion of a rigid body may be the combination of rotation about an axis (the screw axis) and a translation along that axis. This screw move is characterized by the velocity vector for the translation and the angular velocity vector in the same or opposite direction. If these two vectors are constant and along one of the principal axes of the body, no external forces are needed for this motion (moving and spinning). As an example, if gravity and drag are ignored, this is the motion of a bullet fired from a rifled gun. This parameter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3389035", "chunk_text": "\"Motion (physics)\"\nMotion (physics) In physics, motion is a change in position of an object over time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, time, and speed. Motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame. If the position of a body is not changing with respect to a given frame of reference (reference point), the body is said to be \"\"at rest\"\", \"\"motionless\"\", \"\"immobile\"\", \"\"stationary\"\", or to have constant (time-invariant) position. An object's motion cannot change unless it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5302211", "chunk_text": "Velocity\nvelocity w, relative to object A moving with velocity v is: Usually the inertial frame is chosen in which the latter of the two mentioned objects is in rest. In the one-dimensional case, the velocities are scalars and the equation is either: In polar coordinates, a two-dimensional velocity is described by a radial velocity, defined as the component of velocity away from or toward the origin (also known as \"\"velocity made good\"\"), and an angular velocity, which is the rate of rotation about the origin (with positive quantities representing counter-clockwise rotation and negative quantities representing clockwise rotation, in a right-handed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8269397", "chunk_text": "Rolling\nforce upon an object in simple rotation may be conceptualized as accelerating the sum of the real mass and the virtual mass that represents the rotational inertia, which is formula_13. Since the work done by the external force is split between overcoming the translational and rotational inertia, the external force results in a smaller net force by the dimensionless multiplicative factor formula_14 where formula_15 represents the ratio of the aforesaid virtual mass to the object actual mass and it is equal to formula_16 where formula_17 is the radius of gyration corresponding to the object rotational inertia in pure rotation (not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11480807", "chunk_text": "Vortex\nto its axis and decreases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis. In the absence of external forces, viscous friction within the fluid tends to organize the flow into a collection of irrotational vortices, possibly superimposed to larger-scale flows, including larger-scale vortices. Once formed, vortices can move, stretch, twist, and interact in complex ways. A moving vortex carries with it some angular and linear momentum, energy, and mass. A key concept in the dynamics of vortices is the vorticity, a vector that describes the \"\"local\"\" rotary motion at a point in the fluid, as would be perceived by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11566756", "chunk_text": "\"Rotation around a fixed axis\"\npoint in the way that the object has rotated, then the thumb of the right hand points in the direction of the vector. The angular velocity vector also points along the axis of rotation in the same way as the angular displacements it causes. If a disk spins counterclockwise as seen from above, its angular velocity vector points upwards. Similarly, the angular acceleration vector points along the axis of rotation in the same direction that the angular velocity would point if the angular acceleration were maintained for a long time. The torque vector points along the axis around which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "129828", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\nbe considered, but that is not so. A turntable for which the Coriolis force \"\"is\"\" the only factor is the parabolic turntable. A somewhat more complex situation is the idealized example of flight routes over long distances, where the centrifugal force of the path and aeronautical lift are countered by gravitational attraction. The figure illustrates a ball tossed from 12:00 o'clock toward the center of a counter-clockwise rotating carousel. On the left, the ball is seen by a stationary observer above the carousel, and the ball travels in a straight line to the center, while the ball-thrower rotates counter-clockwise with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5109841", "chunk_text": "\"Rigid body dynamics\"\npseudovectors τ and L are, respectively, the torques on the body and its angular momentum, the scalar \"\"I\"\" is its moment of inertia, the vector ω is its angular velocity, the vector α is its angular acceleration, D is the differential in an inertial reference frame and d is the differential in a relative reference frame fixed with the body. It follows from this that a torque τ applied perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and therefore perpendicular to L, results in a rotation about an axis perpendicular to both τ and L. This motion is called \"\"precession\"\". The angular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4704135", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\ncamera to bear continuously to the left of its direction of travel to hit the rail (\"\"left\"\" because the carousel is turning \"\"clockwise\"\"). The ball appears to bear to the left from direction of travel on both inward and return trajectories. The curved path demands this observer to recognize a leftward net force on the ball. (This force is \"\"fictitious\"\" because it disappears for a stationary observer, as is discussed shortly.) For some angles of launch, a path has portions where the trajectory is approximately radial, and Coriolis force is primarily responsible for the apparent deflection of the ball (centrifugal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16483033", "chunk_text": "\"Rotating spheres\"\npointing in the direction of motion. The frame rotates at a rate ω, so the vector of rotation is Ω = ω u (u a unit vector in the \"\"z\"\"-direction), and Ω × u = ω (u × u) = ω u ; Ω × u = −ω u. The centrifugal force is then: which naturally depends only on the rate of rotation of the frame and is always outward. The Coriolis force is and has the ability to change sign, being outward when the spheres move faster than the frame ( ω > 0 ) and being inward when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "201116", "chunk_text": "\"Rotation around a fixed axis\"\nof mass. There remains the matter of describing the rotation of the body about the center of mass and relating it to the external forces acting on the body. The kinematics and dynamics of \"\"rotational motion around a single axis\"\" resemble the kinematics and dynamics of translational motion; rotational motion around a single axis even has a work-energy theorem analogous to that of particle dynamics. A particle moves in a circle of radius formula_2. Having moved an arc length formula_3, its angular position is formula_4 relative to its original position, where formula_5. In mathematics and physics it is usual to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6333959", "chunk_text": "\"External ray\"\nExternal ray An external ray is a curve that runs from infinity toward a Julia or Mandelbrot set. Although this curve is only rarely a half-line (ray) it is called a ray because it is an image of a ray. External rays are used in complex analysis, particularly in complex dynamics and geometric function theory. External rays were introduced in Douady and Hubbard's study of the Mandelbrot set External rays of (connected) Julia sets on dynamical plane are often called dynamic rays. External rays of the Mandelbrot set (and similar one-dimensional connectedness loci) on parameter plane are called parameter rays.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18053119", "chunk_text": "\"Frame of reference\"\nside of a road watching a car drive past him from left to right. In his frame of reference, Alfred defines the spot where he is standing as the origin, the road as the x-axis and the direction in front of him as the positive y-axis. To him, the car moves along the \"\"x\"\" axis with some velocity \"\"v\"\" in the positive x-direction. Alfred's frame of reference is considered an inertial frame of reference because he is not accelerating (ignoring effects such as Earth's rotation and gravity). Now consider Betsy, the person driving the car. Betsy, in choosing her frame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "612473", "chunk_text": "Polhode\na moment of inertia somewhere between the maximum and minimum. If energy is dissipated while an object is rotating, this will cause the polhode motion about the axis of maximum inertia (also called the major principal axis) to damp out or stabilize, with the polhode path becoming a smaller and smaller ellipse or circle, closing in on the axis. A body is never stable when spinning about the intermediate principal axis, and dissipated energy will cause the polhode to start migrating to the object’s axis of maximum inertia. The transition point between two stable axes of rotation is called the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9949884", "chunk_text": "Rotation\nor \"\"spin\"\". The key distinction is simply where the axis of the rotation lies, either within or outside of a body in question. This distinction can be demonstrated for both “rigid” and “non rigid” bodies. If a rotation around a point or axis is followed by a second rotation around the same point/axis, a third rotation results. The reverse (inverse) of a rotation is also a rotation. Thus, the rotations around a point/axis form a group. However, a rotation around a point or axis and a rotation around a different point/axis may result in something other than a rotation, e.g.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7236763", "chunk_text": "\"External ballistics\"\nof the drift depends on the firing and target location, azimuth of firing, projectile velocity and time of flight. Viewed from a non-rotating reference frame (i.e. not one rotating with the Earth) and ignoring the forces of gravity and air resistance, a projectile moves in a straight line. When viewed from a reference frame fixed with respect to the Earth, that straight trajectory appears to curve sideways. The direction of this horizontal curvature is to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere, and does not depend on the azimuth of the shot. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "129824", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\nsay, it causes acceleration and has real effects). However, the Coriolis force is a consequence of inertia, and is not attributable to an identifiable originating body, as is the case for electromagnetic or nuclear forces, for example. From an analytical viewpoint, to use Newton's second law in a rotating system, the Coriolis force is mathematically necessary, but it disappears in a non-accelerating, inertial frame of reference. For example, consider two children on opposite sides of a spinning roundabout (Merry-go-round ), who are throwing a ball to each other. From the children's point of view, this ball's path is curved sideways", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9211321", "chunk_text": "\"Fictive motion\"\nFictive motion Fictive motion is the metaphorical motion of an object or abstraction through space. Fictive motion has become a subject of study in psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics. In fictive motion sentences, a motion verb applies to a subject that is not literally capable of movement in the physical world, as in the sentence, \"\"The fence runs along the perimeter of the house.\"\" Fictive motion is so called because it is attributed to material states, objects, or abstract concepts, that cannot (sensibly) be said to move themselves through physical space. Fictive motion sentences are pervasive in English and other languages.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12565275", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\nand internal vibration of atoms about their equilibrium position. As a result of the vibrations of the atoms, the atoms are in motion relative to the rotating coordinate system of the molecule. Coriolis effects are therefore present, and make the atoms move in a direction perpendicular to the original oscillations. This leads to a mixing in molecular spectra between the rotational and vibrational levels, from which Coriolis coupling constants can be determined. When an external torque is applied to a spinning gyroscope along an axis that is at right angles to the spin axis, the rim velocity that is associated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14660807", "chunk_text": "\"Darboux vector\"\nβ(\"\"t\"\"). This object has its own intrinsic coordinate system. As the object moves along the curve, let its intrinsic coordinate system keep itself aligned with the curve's Frenet frame. As it does so, the object's motion will be described by two vectors: a translation vector, and a rotation vector ω, which is an areal velocity vector: the Darboux vector. Note that this rotation is kinematic, rather than physical, because usually when a rigid object moves freely in space its rotation is independent of its translation. The exception would be if the object's rotation is physically constrained to align itself with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7660643", "chunk_text": "Inertia\nprinciples of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum. Another form of inertia is \"\"rotational inertia\"\" (→ moment of inertia), the property that a rotating rigid body maintains its state of uniform rotational motion. Its angular momentum is unchanged, unless an external torque is applied; this is also called conservation of angular momentum. Rotational inertia depends on the object remaining structurally intact as a rigid body, and also has practical consequences. For example, a gyroscope uses the property that it resists any change in the axis of rotation. A gas or liquid in a container will also resist changes in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2759064", "chunk_text": "\"Optical axis\"\nOptical axis An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optical system such as a camera lens or microscope. The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry. The optical axis is often coincident with the system's mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off-axis optical systems.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1631887", "chunk_text": "Slewing\nSlewing Slewing is the rotation of an object around an axis, usually the z axis. An example is a radar scanning 360 degrees by slewing around the z axis. This is also common terminology in astronomy. The process of rotating a telescope to observe a different region of the sky is referred to as slewing. The term slewing is also found in motion control applications. Often the slew axis is combined with other axis to form a motion profile. In crane terminology, slewing is the angular movement of a crane boom or crane jib in a horizontal plane. The term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "129840", "chunk_text": "\"Coriolis force\"\nin space directly above the north pole, any land feature in the Northern Hemisphere turns anticlockwise—and, fixing our gaze on that location, any other location in that hemisphere rotates around it the same way. The traced ground path of a freely moving body in ballistic flight traveling from one point to another therefore bends the opposite way, clockwise, which is conventionally labeled as \"\"right,\"\" where it will be if the direction of motion is considered \"\"ahead,\"\" and \"\"down\"\" is defined naturally. Consider a location with latitude \"\"φ\"\" on a sphere that is rotating around the north-south axis. A local coordinate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3040843", "chunk_text": "\"Fictitious force\"\nthe carousel, or perhaps the dynamics of skateboarding, if the walker switched to travel by skateboard. Whatever the means of travel across the carousel, the forces calculated above must be realized. A very rough analogy is heating your house: you must have a certain temperature to be comfortable, but whether you heat by burning gas or by burning coal is another problem. Kinematics sets the thermostat, kinetics fires the furnace. Fictitious force A fictitious force (also called a pseudo force, d'Alembert force, or inertial force) is an apparent force that acts on all masses whose motion is described using a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_705	what was the name of the plant on little shop of horrors?	n/a	[ "Audrey II" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7871971", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nflower district, a sudden eclipse of the sun occurred, and when the light returned, the weird plant had appeared (\"\"Da-Doo\"\"). Seymour, who is secretly in love with Audrey, names the plant Audrey II in her honor. The plant does not thrive in its new environment and appears to be dying. Seymour questions why it should be doing poorly, since he takes such good care of it. He accidentally pricks his finger on a rose thorn, which draws blood, and Audrey II's pod opens thirstily. Seymour realizes that Audrey II requires blood to survive and allows the plant to suckle from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328387", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nThey lament that they cannot escape the neighborhood (\"\"Skid Row (Downtown)\"\"). Struggling from a lack of customers, Mr. Mushnik (Vincent Gardenia) decides to close the store, but Audrey suggests he may have more success by displaying an unusual plant that Seymour owns. Immediately attracting a customer, Seymour explains he bought the plant, which he dubbed \"\"Audrey II\"\", from a Chinese flower shop during a solar eclipse (\"\"Da-Doo\"\"). Attracting business to Mushnik's shop, the plant soon starts dying, worrying Seymour. Accidentally pricking his finger, he then discovers Audrey II needs human blood to thrive (\"\"Grow for Me\"\"). Seymour takes Audrey II", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328359", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nstreet urchins: Crystal, Chiffon and Ronette, named after (and reminiscent of) girl groups of the 1960s. The plant is named \"\"Audrey II\"\" in the musical, rather than the film's \"\"Audrey Junior\"\", and instead of being a crossbreed of a butterwort and a Venus Flytrap, in the musical it is a creature from outer space intent on taking over the world. Perhaps the biggest difference is the ending. The musical ends with Orin, Mushnik, Audrey and Seymour all eaten by the plant, and the three girls report that Audrey II's progeny continues to consume people. In the 1960 film, Mushnik and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15681541", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\n2003 Broadway revival, all of which have attracted attention to the 1960 film. Penny-pinching Gravis Mushnick owns a florist shop which is staffed by himself and his two employees, the sweet Audrey Fulquard and clumsy Seymour Krelboyne. The rundown shop gets little business. When Seymour fouls up the arrangement of Dr. Farb, a sadistic dentist, Mushnick fires him. Hoping Mushnick will change his mind, Seymour tells him about a special plant that he has grown from seeds he got from a \"\"Japanese gardener over on Central Avenue.\"\" Seymour admits that he named the plant \"\"Audrey Jr.\"\", a revelation that delights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060024", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nthe real Audrey. Seymour fetches his sickly, odd-looking, potted plant, but Mushnick is unimpressed. When it is suggested that Audrey Jr.'s uniqueness might attract people to see it, Mushnick gives Seymour one week to revive it. The usual kinds of plant food do not nourish the plant, but when Seymour accidentally pricks his finger he discovers that the plant craves blood. Fed on Seymour's blood, Audrey Jr. begins to grow and the shop's revenues increase due to the curious customers who are lured in to see the plant. The plant develops the ability to speak and demands that Seymour feed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328350", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nher and pulls her into the plant's gaping maw (\"\"Sominex/Suppertime II\"\"). Seymour arrives and attacks the plant in an attempt to save Audrey. He pulls her out, but Audrey is mortally wounded and tells him to feed her to the plant after she dies so that they can always be together. She dies in his arms, and he reluctantly honors her request (\"\"Somewhere That's Green\"\" (reprise)). Seymour falls asleep as Audrey II grows small red flower buds. The next day, Patrick Martin from the World Botanical Enterprises tells Seymour that his company wishes to take leaf cuttings of Audrey II", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11860928", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nThe Little Shop of Horrors The Little Shop of Horrors is a 1960 American comedy film directed by Roger Corman. Written by Charles B. Griffith, the film is a farce about an inadequate florist's assistant who cultivates a plant that feeds on human flesh and blood. The film's concept is thought to be based on a 1932 story called \"\"Green Thoughts\"\", by John Collier, about a man-eating plant. However, Dennis McDougal suggests that Griffith may have been influenced by Arthur C. Clarke's sci-fi short story from 1956, \"\"The Reluctant Orchid\"\" (which was in turn inspired by the 1905 H. G.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311713", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nand eats him alive. The plant then spits out Seymour's glasses and laughs victoriously (\"\"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space)\"\". The three chorus girls appear in front of a large American flag and tell how although Audrey II buds became a worldwide consumer craze, the buds grew into an army of monstrous plants who begin to take over the Earth. Giant Audrey II plants are shown destroying cities, toppling buildings, as well as eating people. The United States Army attempts to fight the buds as they ascend the Statue of Liberty and Audrey II eventually bursts through the movie screen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11860961", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nautograph cards by both Jonathan Haze and Jackie Joseph. The Little Shop of Horrors The Little Shop of Horrors is a 1960 American comedy film directed by Roger Corman. Written by Charles B. Griffith, the film is a farce about an inadequate florist's assistant who cultivates a plant that feeds on human flesh and blood. The film's concept is thought to be based on a 1932 story called \"\"Green Thoughts\"\", by John Collier, about a man-eating plant. However, Dennis McDougal suggests that Griffith may have been influenced by Arthur C. Clarke's sci-fi short story from 1956, \"\"The Reluctant Orchid\"\" (which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328351", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nand sell them across America. Seymour realizes the plant's evil plan: during the solar eclipse, Audrey II came from an unknown planet to conquer Earth. He tries shooting, cutting, and poisoning the plant, but it has grown too hardy to kill. Seymour, in desperation, runs into its open jaws with a machete planning to kill it from the inside, but he is quickly eaten. Patrick, Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon search for Seymour. Not finding him, Patrick tells the girls to take the cuttings. Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon relate that, following these events, other plants appeared across America, tricking innocent people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328360", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nAudrey survive, and the plant's carnivorous activities are discovered when its flowers bloom with the faces of its victims, including Seymour, imprinted on them. The musical references this ending in its finale, in which the Plant's four victims' faces are seen in its blooming flowers. The change in ending of the musical contributes to its portrayal of class struggles and moral values. While the film shows Seymour and Audrey escaping to the dream suburban house, encapsulating ideals of the 1950s American Dream, the musical hints to a metaphorical portrayal of Seymour's greed as the plant. Seymour's greed gradually consumes himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "488846", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nwould pantomime and lip sync in slow motion. The film was then sped up to the normal 24 frames per second and voices were reinserted in post-production. Levi Stubbs' recordings were run through a harmonizer when slowed down so that they were coherent for Moranis or Ellen Greene. There are no blue screens or opticals involved in any of Audrey II's scenes, with the exception of the reshot ending where the plant is electrocuted, designed by Visual Effects supervisor Bran Ferren, and in some shots during the rampage in the original ending. The plant was made in six different stages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311712", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\noff the roof of a building, only to be stopped by Patrick Martin. Martin offers to reproduce and sell Audrey IIs and has already grown a smaller Audrey II from one of the cuttings that he harvested earlier. He also warns Seymour that his consent is not necessary as plants are considered to be in the public domain. Realizing Audrey II is planning global domination, Seymour climbs down from the roof with the resolution to destroy the plant. Returning to the shop, he confronts and tries to kill Audrey II, who tears down the shop, fishes him from the rubble", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328393", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nin time to save Audrey, escapes the store with her. Explaining that he fed the plant to become successful and win Audrey's heart, Seymour discovers she has always loved him. Approached by an executive named Patrick Martin (Jim Belushi) from a botanical company, Seymour is offered a contract to breed Audrey II and sell the saplings worldwide. Horrified by the idea, Seymour drives Martin away and realizes he must destroy Audrey II for the sake of humanity. Returning to the shop, Seymour learns that Audrey II is actually an alien from outer space (\"\"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space\"\"). Audrey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15681539", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nWells story \"\"The Flowering of the Strange Orchid\"\"). Mythology about man-eating plants dates back to at least the 1800s, and probably much earlier. The film stars Jonathan Haze, Jackie Joseph, Mel Welles, and Dick Miller, all of whom had worked for Corman on previous films. Produced under the title \"\"The Passionate People Eater\"\", the film employs an original style of humor, combining black comedy with farce and incorporating Jewish humor and elements of spoof. \"\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\" was shot on a budget of $28,000, with interiors being shot in two days utilizing sets that had been left standing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7871970", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nset the scene (\"\"Little Shop of Horrors\"\") and comment on the action throughout the show. Seymour Krelborn is a poor young man, an orphan living in an urban skid row. Audrey is a pretty blonde with a fashion sense that leans towards the tacky. They lament their stations in life and the urban blight in their neighborhood (\"\"Skid Row (Downtown)\"\"). They are co-workers at Mushnik's Skid Row Florists, a run-down flower shop owned and operated by the cranky Mr. Mushnik. Seymour has recently obtained a mysterious plant that looks like a large venus flytrap. While he was browsing the wholesale", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255301", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop\"\nLittle Shop Little Shop is a 1991 American/French animated fantasy comedy television series that aired on Saturday mornings on the Fox Kids TV network in 1991, about a teenager and a giant talking plant. \"\"Little Shop\"\" was based on the 1960 Roger Corman film \"\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\"; Corman served as a consultant. The concept of the adaptation is credited to Ellen Levy and Mark Edward Edens, and the series was produced by Tom Tataranowicz. The horror elements in previous versions of the story, in which characters are eaten by the plant, are toned down for children in this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8508262", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nbuds open and inside each flower is the face of one of the plant's victims. Fink and Stoolie realize Seymour is their culprit; he flees from the shop with the officers in pursuit. Seymour manages to lose them before eventually making his way back to Mushnick's now empty shop. Audrey Jr. demands, \"\"Feed me!\"\" Seymour curses the plant, grabs a kitchen knife and climbs into Audrey Jr.'s maw, saying, \"\"I'll feed you like you've never been fed before!\"\" Later that evening, it is discovered that Audrey Jr. has begun to wither and die. One final bud opens to reveal the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311693", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nplants. An ending more faithful to the stage version was filmed, in which the plant eats Audrey and Seymour and then, having grown to massive size and reproduced, goes on a King Kong-style rampage through New York City. It was received poorly by test audiences, and the upbeat alternate ending was used for the theatrical cut. In October 2012, the original ending was restored and released with the film as \"\"The Director's Cut\"\" on DVD and Blu-ray. A new song for Audrey II, \"\"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space\"\", was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Little", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311706", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nnitrous oxide, puts on a type of venturi mask to receive a constant flow of the gas. Accidentally breaking an intake valve and unable to remove the mask, Orin begs Seymour for help removing it, but Seymour does nothing. When Orin asks Seymour what he ever did to him, Seymour coldly replies \"\"Nothing, it's what you did to her.\"\" Orin dies from asphyxiation and Seymour drags his body back to Audrey II. While dismembering the body to feed to the plant, Seymour is unknowingly witnessed by Mushnik, who flees in fear. After feeding Orin's parts to Audrey II, which has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328371", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\ndirected by Maria Aberg, choreographed by Lizzi Gee and designed by Tom Scutt. It starred Marc Antolin as Seymour, Jemima Rooper as Audrey, Forbes Masson as Mr Mushnik, Matt Willis as Orin and American drag performer Vicky Vox as Audrey II. The production included the song \"\"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space\"\", written for the 1986 film. The character of Audrey II is described as being \"\"An anthropomorphic cross between a Venus flytrap and an avocado. It has a huge, nasty-looking pod that gains a shark-like aspect when open and snapping at food. The creature is played by a series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328391", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\ngrown to enormous size, Seymour discovers the police investigating Orin's disappearance. Audrey, feeling guilty about wishing Orin would disappear, is comforted by Seymour and the two admit their feelings for each other (\"\"Suddenly, Seymour\"\"). That night, Mushnik confronts Seymour about what he saw and holds Seymour at gunpoint, threatening to report him to the police. Mushnik then changes his mind, saying that since Seymour was \"\"like a son\"\" to him, he'll allow Seymour to leave town, blackmailing him into giving the plant to Mushnik. With no choice, Seymour steadily backs him towards the plant, which swallows Mushnik whole (\"\"Suppertime\"\"). Despite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328372", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nof increasing[ly] large puppets\"\". In productions, the first puppet is a small potted plant \"\"less than one foot tall\"\" held by the actor portraying Seymour. He manipulates the plant himself with his hand and then sets it down, where it is moved by an unseen hand from beneath a shelf. The second puppet is slightly larger than the first and is operated by Seymour during the song \"\"You Never Know\"\". A fake arm in a sleeve matching Seymour's jacket is attached to the plant's pot, while the actor's real arm operates the plant. The third puppet sits on the floor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328395", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nfor the theatrical release with a \"\"happier ending.\"\" In the original ending, when Audrey is attacked by the plant, Seymour pulls her from its jaws but is too late to save her, as she is mortally wounded. As she is dying she tells him what the plant said about Orin and Mushnik, and then Seymour confesses that he fed them to the plant. Audrey requests that Seymour feed her to the plant too so that it will live and Seymour can earn the success he deserves (\"\"Somewhere That's Green (Reprise)\"\"). After fulfilling her dying wish, he attempts suicide by jumping", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19255302", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop\"\nseries. Self-proclaimed nerd Seymour Krelborn, an adolescent boy who works in a flower shop, keeps a pet Venus flytrap named Junior. Junior sprouts from a 200-million-year-old seed and has the ability to talk and hypnotize people. Only Seymour is aware of Junior's abilities. The flower shop is owned by stodgy Mr. Mushnik, whose daughter Audrey is the object of Seymour's affections. Audrey, however, does not seem to reciprocate his feelings. Buck-toothed Paine Driller, a neighborhood bully, continuously targets Seymour. Episodes focus on the pubescent exploits of the leads and frequently feature a moral. They also feature a couple of musical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328368", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nA three-performance Encores! concert staging at New York City Center as part of its Off-Center series ran in July 2015. Directed by Dick Scanlan, the production starred Jake Gyllenhaal as Seymour, and Ellen Greene reprising her role as Audrey. Taran Killam played Orin, with Tracy Nicole Chapman, Marva Hicks and Ramona Keller as the urchins. Joe Grifasi was Mr. Mushnik, with Eddie Cooper as the plant. Reviewers praised Greene, Gyllenhaal and the cast in general. Ben Brantley wrote in \"\"The New York Times\"\": \"\"A confluence of alchemical elements was at work, converging in ways that made a perfectly charming but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7497904", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nSociety of Silent Flower Observers of Southern California comes to the shop and announces that Seymour will receive a trophy, and that she will return when the plant's buds open. While Seymour is on a date with Audrey, Mushnick stays at the shop to see that Audrey Jr. does not hurt anyone else. Mushnick finds himself at the mercy of a robber who believes that the huge crowds must indicate the presence of a large amount of money. Mushnick tricks the robber into thinking that the money is with the plant, which crushes and eats him. After Seymour is forced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10839353", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop\"\nversion of the plant does not feast on human blood but he does eat other types of meat. There is, however, a running gag which involves Junior eating the piano teacher in every episode in which the teacher appears, and then belching out the teacher's scarf. The plant retains its ability to hypnotize people, as it did in the film, as well as the ability to telekinetically manipulate meat - an ability he dubbed his \"\"vegetable magnetism.\"\" Junior sometimes aids Seymour without his knowledge, sometimes by using his hypnotic abilities. However, he does insult Seymour from time to time, for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7872036", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nwhen it was rediscovered on a VHS workprint that contained alternate and extended takes and sequences. The film's version of Audrey II was an extremely elaborate creation, using puppets designed by Lyle Conway. While developing the mouth of the plant for the dialogue scenes and musical numbers, Oz, Conway and his crew were struggling to figure out how to make the plant move convincingly. \"\"We kept trying and trying and it didn't work.\"\" The solution presented itself while reviewing test footage of the puppet. When the film ran backwards or forward at a faster than normal speed, the footage looked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7872045", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nwhich Seymour fires his revolver at Audrey II, only to discover that the bullets ricochet harmlessly off of the plant. In the happy ending, Audrey II is destroyed and Seymour, Audrey, and humanity survive. This happy ending is made somewhat ambiguous, however, with a final shot of a smiling Audrey II bud in Seymour and Audrey's front yard. Tisha Campbell was unavailable for the final appearance of the chorus girls in the yard and was replaced with a lookalike seen only from the waist down. \"\"We had to do it,\"\" Oz recounted. \"\"[and do it] in such a manner that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328337", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nLittle Shop of Horrors (musical) Little Shop of Horrors is a horror comedy rock musical with music by Alan Menken and lyrics and a book by Howard Ashman. The story follows a hapless florist shop worker who raises a plant that feeds on human blood and flesh. The musical is based on the low-budget 1960 black comedy film \"\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\". The music, composed by Menken in the style of early 1960s rock and roll, doo-wop and early Motown, includes several well-known tunes, including the title song, \"\"Skid Row (Downtown)\"\", \"\"Somewhere That's Green\"\", and \"\"Suddenly, Seymour\"\". The musical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328352", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\ninto feeding them blood in exchange for fame and fortune. Out of the fog, Audrey II, bigger than ever, appears with opened new flowers revealing the faces of Seymour, Audrey, Mushnik and Orin, who beg that, no matter how persuasive the plants may be, they must not be fed (\"\"Finale Ultimo: Don't Feed the Plants\"\"). Audrey II slithers towards the audience threateningly (In the original Off-Broadway production, plant tendrils fell all over the audience, as if each audience member were to be pulled into the plant, while in the Broadway production, a monstrously huge Audrey II was projected out over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11860939", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\n\"\"Oriole Plove\"\". Actress Nancy Kulp was a leading candidate for the part. The characters that eventually became Seymour and Winifred Krelboyne were named \"\"Irish Eye\"\" and \"\"Iris Eye.\"\" Actor Mel Welles was scheduled to play a character named \"\"Draco Cardala\"\", Jonathan Haze was scheduled to play \"\"Archie Aroma,\"\" and Jack Nicholson would have played a character named \"\"Jocko\"\". Charles B. Griffith wanted to write a horror-themed comedy film. According to Mel Welles, Corman was not impressed by the box office performance of \"\"A Bucket of Blood\"\", and had to be persuaded to direct another comedy. However, Corman later claimed he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328386", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nThe film's original 23-minute finale, based on the musical's ending, was rewritten and reshot after test audiences did not react positively to it. For years only available as black-and-white workprint footage, the original ending was fully restored in 2012 by Warner Home Video. In the early 1960s, a three-girl \"\"Greek chorus\"\"—Crystal, Ronnette, and Chiffon—introduce the movie, warning the audience that some horror is coming their way (\"\"Prologue: Little Shop of Horrors\"\"). Seymour Krelborn (Rick Moranis) and his colleague, Audrey (Ellen Greene), work at Mushnik's Flower Shop in a run-down, rough neighborhood in New York City referred to as \"\"Skid Row\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17546328", "chunk_text": "\"Dave Elsey\"\nwas Henson's creature shop designer on The Dark Crystal. After repeated requests for a job, Conway gave Elsey his first break in the industry, putting him to work creating animatronics for the movie Little Shop of Horrors. In the course of his work, Elsey made many of the special Vine effects as well as the tongue of alien plant Audrey II. The experience taught Elsey the art of using mechanical effects to create the illusion of life in puppetry. They did a lot of reverse shots, turned the camera upside down, changed camera speeds, and other things that most engineers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328384", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nLittle Shop of Horrors (film) Little Shop of Horrors is a 1986 American rock musical comedy horror film directed by Frank Oz. It is a film adaptation of the off-Broadway musical comedy of the same name by composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman about a geeky florist shop worker who finds out his Venus flytrap can speak. Menken and Ashman's Off-Broadway musical was based on the low-budget 1960 film \"\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\", directed by Roger Corman. The 1986 film stars Rick Moranis, Ellen Greene, Vincent Gardenia, Steve Martin, and Levi Stubbs as the voice of Audrey II.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060026", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nfrom a toothache and so he visits Dr. Farb. Farb and Seymour fight after the doctor tries to get even for his flowers having been ruined. Grabbing a sharp tool, Seymour accidentally stabs and kills Farb. Although horrified, Seymour feeds Farb's body to Audrey Jr. The unexplained disappearances of the two men attract the attention of Sergeant Joe Fink and his assistant Officer Frank Stoolie, who are take-offs of \"\"Dragnet\"\" characters Joe Friday and Frank Smith. Audrey Jr., which has grown several feet tall, is beginning to bud, as is the relationship between Seymour and Audrey. A representative of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2113763", "chunk_text": "Tradescantia\ninclude \"\"T. albiflora\"\" (Scurvy Weed), \"\"T. spathacea\"\" (Moses In The Cradle), and \"\"T. pallida\"\" (Purple Heart). American Indians used \"\"T. virginiana\"\" to treat a number of conditions, including stomachache and cancer. It was also used as a food source. The cells of the stamen hairs of some \"\"Tradescantia\"\" are colored blue, but when exposed to sources of ionizing radiation such as gamma rays, the cells mutate and change color to pink; they are one of the few tissues known to serve as an effective bioassay for ambient radiation levels. Tradescantia Tradescantia is a genus of 75 species of herbaceous perennial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7497905", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\nto damage his relationship with Audrey to keep her from discovering the plant's nature, he confronts the plant asserting he will no longer do its bidding. The plant then employs hypnosis on Seymour and commands him to bring it more food. He wanders the night streets and knocks out a street walker to feed Audrey Jr. Lacking clues about the mysterious disappearances of the two men, Fink and Stoolie attend a sunset celebration at the shop, during which Seymour is to be presented with the trophy and Audrey Jr.'s buds are expected to open. As the attendees look on, four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7871995", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nclosing Broadway cast included Joey Fatone as Seymour. On August 10, 2004, a U.S. national tour of the Broadway production began, with Anthony Rapp starring as Seymour, Tari Kelly as Audrey and Lenny Wolpe as Mushnik. The tour closed April 16, 2006 in Columbus, Ohio. A production began previews on November 17, 2006 at the Menier Chocolate Factory. This revival, directed by Matthew White, featured a new Audrey II designed by David Farley, resembling the pitcher plant. The production was a critical and commercial success and transferred to the Duke of York's Theatre in London's West End in March 2007.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "488847", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (film)\"\nof growth and there were three different versions of Mushnik's shop, making it possible for two units to work with different sized plants at the same time. Each of the talking plants had to be cleaned, re-painted and patched up at the end of each shooting day, which would take up to three hours depending on the size. The \"\"Suppertime\"\" number uses two different sizes of Audrey II. When the plant is singing all alone in the shop, it is actually a smaller size: the same size as when it sang \"\"Feed Me\"\", but now standing on a scaled down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328345", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nappointment with Orin, intending to kill him. However, Seymour loses his nerve and decides not to commit the crime. Unfortunately for Orin, who is getting high on nitrous oxide, the gas device is stuck in the \"\"on\"\" position, and he overdoses while asking Seymour to save him. Seymour cannot bring himself to shoot Orin but lets him die of asphyxiation (\"\"Now (It's Just The Gas)\"\"). Seymour feeds Orin's body to the now huge Audrey II, and the plant consumes it with ravenous glee (\"\"Act I Finale\"\"). The flower shop is much busier, and Seymour and Audrey have trouble keeping up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7694988", "chunk_text": "\"Carnivorous plant\"\na kind of artistic license. Two of the most famous examples of fictional carnivorous plants in popular culture are the 1960s black comedy \"\"The Little Shop of Horrors\"\" and the triffids of John Wyndham's \"\"The Day of the Triffids\"\". Other movies, such as \"\"The Hellstrom Chronicle\"\" (1971), and television series utilize accurate depictions of carnivorous plants for cinematic purposes. The earliest known depiction of carnivorous plants in popular culture was a case wherein a large man-eating tree was reported to have consumed a young woman in Madagascar in 1878. The \"\"South Australian Register\"\" carried the story in 1881. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328342", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nhis finger (\"\"Grow For Me\"\"). As Audrey II grows, it becomes an attraction and starts generating brisk business for Mushnik. As the caretaker of the plant, the timid Seymour is suddenly regarded as a hero (\"\"Ya Never Know\"\"), while Audrey secretly longs to leave her abusive boyfriend. Her dream is to lead an ideal suburban life with Seymour, complete with a tract home, frozen dinners, and plastic on the furniture (\"\"Somewhere That's Green\"\"). Meanwhile, the employees at Mushnik's are sprucing up the flower shop because of the popularity of the rapidly growing Audrey II and the revenue that it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486844", "chunk_text": "\"Levi Stubbs\"\nLevi Stubbs Levi Stubbs (born Levi Stubbles, June 6, 1936 – October 17, 2008) was an American baritone singer, best known as the lead vocalist of the R&B group the Four Tops, a group known for a variety of Motown hit records and other songs created in the 1960s and 1970s. He has been noted by writers for his powerful, emotional, dramatic style of singing. Stubbs was also a voice artist in film and animated television series, most famously having provided the voice of \"\"Audrey II\"\", the alien plant in the 1986 musical horror comedy film \"\"Little Shop of Horrors\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311656", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\npremiered Off-Off-Broadway in 1982 before moving to the Orpheum Theatre Off-Broadway, where it had a five-year run. It later received numerous productions in the U.S. and abroad, and a subsequent Broadway production. Because of its small cast and relatively simple orchestrations, it has become popular with community theatre, school and other amateur groups. The musical was also made into a 1986 film of the same name, directed by Frank Oz. An offstage voice recalls a time when the human race \"\"suddenly encountered a deadly threat to its very existence\"\". A trio of 1960s street urchins named Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10839352", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop\"\nnumbers per episode. Consistent with the \"\"urban\"\" persona of the plant in the musical, Audrey Junior raps in the series during his numbers, and speaks in a hip-hop dialect. Also featured are a trio of singing flowers reminiscent of Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon (the three chorus girls in the musical). The young and human characters are 13-years-old, and there are musical segments in each episode. Junior is a kind-hearted and helpful plant, rather than a man-eating alien. He hatches from a prehistoric Earth plant that has been dormant for over 200 million years. Although Junior has a voracious appetite, this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311692", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nChiffon), \"\"Mushnik and Son\"\", \"\"Now (It's Just the Gas)\"\", \"\"Sudden Changes,\"\" \"\"Closed for Renovation\"\" and \"\"Call Back in the Morning\"\"; the final cut ending also omits \"\"Finale Ultimo (Don't Feed The Plants)\"\". Other changes include the removal of Mr. Mushnik's adoption proposition and a new ending, in which Seymour is able to save Audrey from Audrey II and then electrocutes the plant after it has destroyed the shop. Seymour and Audrey marry and move to the tract home of her dreams, but a small Audrey II-type bud is seen in their garden, which portends a possible spread of the alien", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328347", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nthe bloody dentist's uniform, the drops of blood on the floor, and he has seen Seymour and Audrey kissing. Seymour denies killing Orin, but Mushnik wants him to give a statement to the police, who have begun investigating. Audrey II tells Seymour that he has to be rid of Mushnik or he will lose everything, including Audrey (\"\"Suppertime\"\"). Seymour tells Mushnik that he put the days' receipts inside Audrey II for safekeeping. Mushnik climbs inside the plant's gaping maw to search for the money, realizing the deception too late, and screams as he is devoured. Seymour now runs the flower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12328358", "chunk_text": "\"Little Shop of Horrors (musical)\"\nOrin Scrivello, is killed by suffocation from laughing gas instead of being stabbed with a dental instrument as in the film. His abusive relationship with Audrey is added to the musical to give Seymour a motive to kill him. In the film, Seymour murders several innocent bystanders, and Mushnik tricks a thief into looking for money inside the plant, which eats the thief. In the musical, Seymour tricks Mushnik in the same way when Mushnik plans to turn Seymour over to the police. The two neighborhood girls in the film are replaced in the musical by a chorus of three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_706	who signed the declaration of independence for maryland?	n/a	[ "William Paca", "Samuel Chase", "Charles Carroll of Carrollton", "Thomas Stone" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19511255", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Stone\"\nby the NPS. The site, located on 6655 Rose Hill Road in Port Tobacco Village, Maryland, opened to the public in 1997. Thomas Stone Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delegate for Maryland. He later worked on the committee that formed the Articles of Confederation in 1777. He acted as President of Congress for a short time in 1784. Stone was born into a prominent family at \"\"Poynton Manor\"\" in Charles County, Maryland. He was the second son in the large family of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3024608", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Stone\"\nThomas Stone Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delegate for Maryland. He later worked on the committee that formed the Articles of Confederation in 1777. He acted as President of Congress for a short time in 1784. Stone was born into a prominent family at \"\"Poynton Manor\"\" in Charles County, Maryland. He was the second son in the large family of David (1709–1773) and Elizabeth Jenifer Stone. His brothers Michael J. Stone and John Hoskins Stone also had important political careers. His uncle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "603115", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Carroll of Carrollton\"\nCharles Carroll of Carrollton Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence. He is sometimes referred to as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, although he was not involved in framing the United States Constitution. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and Confederation Congress and later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9327769", "chunk_text": "\"Maryland in the American Revolution\"\nlanding at the second provincial capital of Annapolis docks, arguably the first violent resistance to British taxation in the colonies. After a decade of bitter argument and internal discord, Maryland declared itself a sovereign state in 1776. The province was one of the Thirteen Colonies of British America to declare independence from Great Britain and joined the others in signing a collective Declaration of Independence that summer in the Second Continental Congress in nearby Philadelphia. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed on Maryland's behalf. Although no major Battles of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1790833", "chunk_text": "\"Maryland in the American Revolution\"\nnotices to the counties they adjourned. On August 1, all freemen with property elected delegates for the last convention. The ninth and last convention was also known as the Constitutional Convention of 1776. They drafted a constitution, and when they adjourned on November 11, they would not meet again. The Conventions were replaced by the new state government which the Maryland Constitution of 1776 had established. Thomas Johnson became the state's first elected governor. Maryland declared independence from Britain in 1776, with Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton signing the Declaration of Independence for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "603118", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Carroll of Carrollton\"\nto Canada in hopes of winning the support of French Canadians. Carroll served in the Maryland Senate from 1781 to 1800. He was elected as one of Maryland's inaugural representatives in the United States Senate, but resigned from the United States Senate in 1792 after Maryland passed a law barring individuals from simultaneously serving in state and federal office. After retiring from public office, he helped establish the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He was the longest-lived and last surviving signatory of the Declaration of Independence, dying 56 years after the document was signed. The Carroll family were descendants of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "603143", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Carroll of Carrollton\"\nTemplar Knights. Carroll is mentioned in the movie \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\". . Retrieved November 2010. Charles Carroll of Carrollton Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence. He is sometimes referred to as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, although he was not involved in framing the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2526319", "chunk_text": "\"William Paca\"\nWilliam Paca William Paca (October 31, 1740 – October 13, 1799) was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland, and later Governor of Maryland and a United States federal judge. Paca was born in Abingdon, in what was then Baltimore County (Abingdon was later included in Harford County when that county was formed from Baltimore County in 1773), in the British colony of Maryland. He was the child of John Paca (c. 1712 – 1785), a wealthy planter in the area, and his wife Elizabeth Smith (?-c. 1766). He was the second son", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8512520", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Carroll of Annapolis\"\nCarroll of Carrollton, (III), (1737–1832), one of the signers (and the longest-lived) of the Declaration of Independence, to see religious toleration restored to Maryland and many political and scientific/technological advances in the newly independent state. Carroll was born in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1702, the third child and second son of Charles Carroll the Settler and Mary Darnall, daughter of the wealthy Roman Catholic planter Henry Darnall, a strong ally of the Carrolls and the ruling Calvert family. His older brother Henry died shortly before their father, in 1719. Charles Carroll the Settler came to the colony in 1688 with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8940471", "chunk_text": "\"Michael J. Stone\"\nMichael J. Stone Michael Jenifer Stone (1747–1812) was an American planter and statesman from Charles County, Maryland. He represented Maryland in the United States House of Representatives. Michael was born to David and Elizabeth (Jenifer) Stone at \"\"Poynton Manor\"\" in Charles County. That home had been founded by his ancestor William Stone who had been the 3rd Governor of the colony of Maryland in the mid seventeenth century. His elder brother Thomas Stone signed the Declaration of Independence, and his younger brother John Hoskins Stone was the 9th Governor of Maryland. As an adult, Michael lived at \"\"Haberdeventure\"\", which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11208476", "chunk_text": "\"St. Charles College (Maryland)\"\nSt. Charles College (Maryland) St. Charles College was a minor seminary in Catonsville, Maryland, originally located in Ellicott City, Maryland. Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832) was a signer of the Declaration of Independence for Maryland. One of the wealthiest men in the Americas at that time and a newly elected delegate to the Second Continental Congress and the only Roman Catholic to vote on independence and sign the document, Carroll staked his fortune on the American Revolution. After the Revolution, Carroll became president of the Maryland Senate in the General Assembly and divided his time between the family mansion and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17954179", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte\"\nElizabeth Patterson Bonaparte Elizabeth \"\"Betsy\"\" Patterson Bonaparte (February 6, 1785 – April 4, 1879) was an American socialite. She was the daughter of a Baltimore merchant, and the first wife of Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's youngest brother. Elizabeth's father, William Patterson (1752-1835), was born in Ireland and came to North America prior to the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). He was a Presbyterian from Donegal, and he became the wealthiest man in Maryland after Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence of the United States. Elizabeth's brother, Robert, married Carroll's granddaughter, Marianne Caton. Elizabeth and Jérôme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16735071", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Carroll\"\nDaniel Carroll Daniel Carroll (July 22, 1730May 7, 1796) was an American politician and plantation owner from Maryland, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He supported the American Revolution, served in the Confederation Congress, was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 which wrote the Constitution, and was a U.S. Representative in the First Congress. Daniel Carroll was one of five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. He was one of the very few Roman Catholics among the Founders. Carroll was born in Upper Marlboro, Maryland, county seat of Prince", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2526329", "chunk_text": "\"William Paca\"\nto the fact that the Italian spelling of the name would have simply been difficult or unfamiliar to the English-speaking clerks of the time. William Paca William Paca (October 31, 1740 – October 13, 1799) was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland, and later Governor of Maryland and a United States federal judge. Paca was born in Abingdon, in what was then Baltimore County (Abingdon was later included in Harford County when that county was formed from Baltimore County in 1773), in the British colony of Maryland. He was the child of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8512524", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Carroll of Annapolis\"\nin Maryland. The plate itself (actually more of a bowl than a plate) now forms part of the collection of the Baltimore Museum of Art, (established 1914) [mostly modern art collections]. Like his father, Charles Carroll of Annapolis never gave up hope of overcoming Maryland's religious intolerance. His son Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737–1832), eventually secured his family's vision of personal, political and religious freedoms for all citizens when he became the only Roman Catholic (and last surviving signer) to sign the Declaration of Independence in 1776, while becoming the richest man in America and having a profound effect on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5631493", "chunk_text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence\"\nAccording to Ritz, about thirty-four delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and the others signed on or after August 2. Historians who reject a July 4 signing maintain that most delegates signed on August 2, and that those eventual signers who were not present added their names later. Two future U.S. presidents were among the signatories: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and the term \"\"John Hancock\"\" emerged in the United States as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19270272", "chunk_text": "\"Province of Maryland\"\nMaryland received a larger felon quota than any other province. The Province of Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and echoed events in New England by establishing committees of correspondence and hosting its own tea party similar to the one that took place in Boston. By 1776 the old order had been overthrown as Maryland citizens signed the Declaration of Independence, forcing the end of British colonial rule. The Catholic George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, (1579–1632), former Secretary of State to His Majesty, King Charles I, wished to create a haven for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6164188", "chunk_text": "\"Maryland in the American Revolution\"\nto sign the Declaration of Independence, and until his death in 1832 he was its last living signatory. Samuel Chase (1741–1811), was a \"\"firebrand\"\" states-righter and revolutionary, and was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland. He co-founded Anne Arundel County's Sons of Liberty chapter with his close friend William Paca, and led opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act. Later he became an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Public opinion in Maryland before the war was bitterly divided; many Marylanders either actively supported the Crown or were unwilling to countenance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14521382", "chunk_text": "\"William Murray Stone\"\nWilliam Murray Stone William Murray Stone, D.D. (June 1, 1779–February 26, 1838) was an American Episcopal clergyman from Maryland. He was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland at Baltimore from 1830 until his death. William was born in Somerset County to John and Betsy (Murray) Stone. His family had been important in the development of Maryland for over a hundred years. His great-great-grandfather William Stone had served as governor of the colony, and a cousin (Thomas Stone) signed the Declaration of Independence. William attended Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland and graduated in 1799. After college, Stone studied theology. Bishop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861695", "chunk_text": "\"Carroll County, Maryland\"\nCarroll County, Maryland Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 167,134. Its county seat is Westminster. Carroll County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. While predominantly rural, the county has become increasingly suburban in recent years. Carroll County was created in 1837 from parts of Baltimore and Frederick Counties, see Hundred (division). It was named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832), signer of the American Declaration of Independence. During the American Civil War,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "603116", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Carroll of Carrollton\"\nas first United States Senator for Maryland. He was the sole Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence. Carroll was known contemporaneously as the \"\"First Citizen\"\" of the American Colonies, a consequence of his editorials in the \"\"Maryland Gazette\"\". Carroll was the wealthiest, the longest-lived survivor, and possessed the highest formal education of all of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. A product of his 17-year Jesuit education in France, Carroll spoke five languages fluently. Born in Annapolis, Maryland, Carroll inherited vast agricultural estates and was regarded as the wealthiest man in the American colonies when the American Revolution", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19557590", "chunk_text": "\"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n\"\"John Hancock\"\" emerged in the United States as an informal synonym for \"\"signature\"\". Future presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were among the signatories. Edward Rutledge (age 26) was the youngest signer and Benjamin Franklin (age 70) the oldest. Some delegates were away on business when the Declaration was debated, including William Hooper and Samuel Chase, but they were back in Congress to sign on August 2. Other delegates were present when the Declaration was debated but added their names after August 2, including Lewis Morris, Oliver Wolcott, Thomas McKean, and possibly Elbridge Gerry. Richard Henry Lee and George Wythe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6693860", "chunk_text": "\"Maryland State House\"\nadded to the original structure between 1902 and 1905. The room is illuminated by a Tiffany-style skylight above. Red carpet emblazoned with the state seal covers the entire floor. Large Ionic columns line the walls and support the viewing gallery. The marble along the walls and the columns are flecked with rust and black, Maryland's official colors. Two famous Marylanders are featured in statues flanking the podium: John Hanson, the first president by the Articles of Confederation, and Charles Carroll, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Four portraits of Declaration of Independence signatories for Maryland hang on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1521119", "chunk_text": "\"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\ndelegation before the August 2 signing. Rogers had voted for the resolution of independence but was no longer a delegate on August 2. Alsop favored reconciliation with Great Britain and so resigned rather than add his name to the document. Dickinson refused to sign, believing the Declaration premature, but he remained in Congress. George Read had voted against the resolution of independence, and Robert Morris had abstained—yet they both signed the Declaration. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17272195", "chunk_text": "\"Province of Maryland\"\nBritain in 1776, with Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton signing the Declaration of Independence for the colony. In the 1776–77 debates over the Articles of Confederation, Maryland delegates led the party that insisted that states with western land claims cede them to the Confederation government, and in 1781 Maryland became the last state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. It accepted the United States Constitution more readily, ratifying it on 28 April 1788. Maryland also gave up some territory to create the new District of Columbia after the American Revolution. Province of Maryland The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16735082", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Carroll\"\nJohn the Evangelist Catholic Church Cemetery. Carroll Street in Madison, Wisconsin is named in his honor. Secondary sources Daniel Carroll Daniel Carroll (July 22, 1730May 7, 1796) was an American politician and plantation owner from Maryland, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He supported the American Revolution, served in the Confederation Congress, was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 which wrote the Constitution, and was a U.S. Representative in the First Congress. Daniel Carroll was one of five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. He was one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7970709", "chunk_text": "\"Carroll County, Maryland\"\nincorporated municipalities: Carroll County, Maryland Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 167,134. Its county seat is Westminster. Carroll County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. While predominantly rural, the county has become increasingly suburban in recent years. Carroll County was created in 1837 from parts of Baltimore and Frederick Counties, see Hundred (division). It was named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832), signer of the American Declaration of Independence. During the American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926054", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nempty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13789070", "chunk_text": "\"Cecil County, Maryland\"\nSamuel Finley in 1744, educated Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, both of whom signed the Declaration of Independence, and still operates today (though disaffiliated from the Presbyterian church and with additional buildings). The Principio Furnace, founded in 1719, became an important exporter of pig iron. During the American Revolution both British and colonial troops traveled through Cecil County, although no major battles occurred within its borders. The Battle of Cooch's Bridge occurred in nearby Delaware, and both General Howe and General George Washington stopped in Elkton during the summer of 1777. Robert Alexander, the area's delegate to the Continental Congress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9172882", "chunk_text": "\"John Hancock\"\nJohn Hancock John Hancock (October 8, 1793) was an American merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He is remembered for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence, so much so that the term \"\"John Hancock\"\" has become a synonym in the United States for one's signature. Before the American Revolution, Hancock was one of the wealthiest men in the Thirteen Colonies, having inherited a profitable mercantile business from his uncle. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8925420", "chunk_text": "\"William Stone (Maryland governor)\"\nthe proprietor's government in Maryland were restored. Lord Baltimore granted William Stone as much land as he could ride, by horseback, in a day, as a reward for Stone's faithful service. Stone concentrated on developing his plantation at \"\"Poynton Manor\"\" in what is now Charles County, Maryland, where he died in about 1660. Stone's great-grandson, David (born 1709), greatly expanded the value of the estate at Poynton and returned the family to prominence. William Stone's great-great-grandsons made major contributions to the foundation of Maryland as an American state: Thomas Stone signed the Declaration of Independence, Michael Jenifer Stone represented Maryland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13911505", "chunk_text": "\"John Lee Carroll\"\nJohn Lee Carroll John Lee Carroll (September 30, 1830February 27, 1911), a member of the United States Democratic Party, was the 37th Governor of Maryland from 1876 to 1880. Carroll was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Col. Charles Carroll (b. 1801) and Mary Diggs Lee (b. 1800). Col. Charles Carroll was the great-grandson of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737–1832), the only Catholic signer and longest living, last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Lee Carroll was also a great-grandson of Maryland's second (and seventh) Governor of Maryland, Thomas Sim Lee, (1745–1819). At the age of ten,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13621591", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore\"\nMass. In 1704 an Act was passed \"\"to prevent the growth of Popery in this Province\"\", preventing Catholics from holding political office. Full religious toleration would not be restored in Maryland until the American Revolution, when Darnall's great-grandson Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), arguably the wealthiest Catholic in Maryland, signed the American Declaration of Independence along with others on behalf of the new state in Philadelphia in 1776. John Coode would remain in power until the new royal governor, Nehemiah Blakiston was appointed on July 27, 1691. Charles Calvert himself would never return to Maryland, and, worse, his family's royal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18393627", "chunk_text": "\"John Carroll (bishop)\"\nand the establishment of Baltimore (1729), soon to be the third-largest city in America, and developed as a port on the Chesapeake Bay. His older brother Daniel Carroll II (1730–1796) became one of only five men to sign both the \"\"Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union\"\" (1778) and the Constitution of the United States (1787). His cousin Chares Carroll (1737–1832) was also an important member of the Revolutionary Patriot cause, and was the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Charles Carroll lived long enough to participate in the industrial revolution, with the ceremonies of the 1828 setting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18035541", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Chew\"\nMaryland Governor John Eager Howard in 1787. Sophia (1769–1841) was invited to attend Martha Washington's first public event in Philadelphia. Harriet (1775–1861) was asked to entertain George Washington while his portrait was being painted. In 1800, she married the only son of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence, who built Homewood for them as a wedding gift. Throughout the Revolutionary War, George Washington aided the transfer of letters between Mr. and Mrs. Chew, during months when they were forced to live apart. The Chew family's house on Third Street was situated between Spruce and Walnut Streets,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1857295", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Carroll\"\nthe National Register of Historic Places in 2015. Fort Carroll Fort Carroll is a artificial island and abandoned hexagonal sea fort in the middle of the Patapsco River, just south of Baltimore, Maryland. It is named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832), a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1847, the State of Maryland gave permission to the United States War Department to construct a fort in the shallow water of Soller's Point Flats to protect the city of Baltimore. Fort Carroll was important for the defense of Baltimore—before the fort's construction, Fort McHenry just outside the city was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340251", "chunk_text": "Maryland\nof the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), on February 2, 1781, Maryland became the last and 13th state to approve the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, first proposed in 1776 and adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1778, which brought into being the United States as a united, sovereign and national state. It also became the seventh state admitted to the Union after ratifying the new federal Constitution in 1788. In December 1790, Maryland donated land selected by first President George Washington to the federal government for the creation of the new national capital of Washington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20296833", "chunk_text": "\"St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland)\"\nto the south and Back River (Maryland) to the north. Modern-day Highlandtown and Canton in southeastern Baltimore City and Dundalk, Edgemere, and Fort Howard are in suburban communities in southeastern Baltimore County there now. When Baltimore Town was founded in its present location in 1729/1730, the parish moved to \"\"Lot 19,\"\" in the Original Survey\"\" of 1730 at the highest point just inside the original town boundaries on the north end which were purchased from Charles Carroll of Annapolis, (1702-1782), (father of nationally famous Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1732-1832), later longest living signer of Declaration of Independence, only Roman Catholic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3591815", "chunk_text": "\"Carrollton Viaduct\"\nCarrollton Viaduct The Carrollton Viaduct, located over the Gwynns Falls stream near Carroll Park in southwest Baltimore, Maryland, is the first stone masonry bridge built for railroad use in the United States for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, founded 1827, with construction beginning the following year and completed 1829. Named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), of Maryland, last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence for the United States on July 4th, 1776 (Independence Day) at Independence Hall (old Pennsylvania State House) in the new capital city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The only Roman Catholic in the Second Continental Congress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14974091", "chunk_text": "\"St. Charles College (Maryland)\"\nestate Doughoregan Manor in western Anne Arundel County (later Howard County), near Ellicott Mills on the upper Patapsco River, and Annapolis. One of his most important tasks he said was when he helped lay the \"\"first stone\"\" for the new technology of transportation, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on Independence Day, July 4, 1828, west of the city near modern Halethorpe. At his death in 1832, he was the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence and was laid to rest with other Carrolls in the crypt at the family chapel at Doughoregan. In 1784 Charles bought Marys Lott,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7949661", "chunk_text": "\"Doughoregan Manor\"\nfull depth (30 feet) of the house. Stairs are located in a small side hall on the north side. A library, large parlor, small parlor and dining room occupy the first floor, with bedrooms on the second. Doughoregan Manor Doughoregan Manor is a plantation house and estate located on Manor Lane west of Ellicott City, Maryland, United States. Established in the early 18th century as the seat of Maryland's prominent Carroll family, it was home to Charles Carroll, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, during the late 18th century. A portion of the estate, including the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12870846", "chunk_text": "\"O'Carroll\"\nCarrolls moved to Colonial Maryland and were prominent Roman Catholics. They played a formative role in the foundation of the United States of America as Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed the United States Declaration of Independence. A distant cousin of this branch of the Carroll family was Charles Carroll (barrister), a convert to Anglicanism. Other notable Carrolls were Brigadier General Samuel S. Carroll, Thomas King Carroll and daughter Anna Ella Carroll, and James Carroll. The Carrolls of Maryland have also intermarried with the \"\"Blenheim branch\"\" of the Lee family of Virginia. In addition to these individuals, the Mitchell family of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10369796", "chunk_text": "\"John Hoskins Stone\"\nbrothers included Thomas (who signed the Declaration of Independence) and Michael (who represented Maryland in the U.S. Congress). John had been baptized in the Anglican Church. After the split caused by the revolution he was an active Episcopalian. He married Anne Couden in February 1781, and the couple would have six children, five of whom lived to adulthood: Couden, Anne, Elizabeth, Robert Couden, and Thomas. In 1775, Stone joined the newly organized Maryland Battalion led by Colonel William Smallwood as a Lieutenant. He was soon promoted to Captain of the battalion's first company. The battalion became part of the 1st", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909062", "chunk_text": "\"Articles of Confederation\"\nof the great state papers of the United States: the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution. John Dickinson (Delaware), Daniel Carroll (Maryland) and Gouverneur Morris (New York), along with Sherman and Robert Morris, were the only five people to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution (Gouverneur Morris represented Pennsylvania when signing the Constitution). Original parchment pages of the Articles of Confederation, National Archives and Records Administration. On January 21, 1786, the Virginia Legislature, following James Madison's recommendation, invited all the states to send delegates to Annapolis, Maryland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502232", "chunk_text": "\"William Floyd\"\nWilliam Floyd William Floyd (December 17, 1734 – August 4, 1821) was an American politician from New York, and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. Floyd was born in Brookhaven, Province of New York on Long Island, into a family of English and Welsh origins, and took over the family farm when his father Nicholl Floyd died. The William Floyd Estate consists of the home, grounds and a cemetery of the Floyd family. Over the course of 200 years, eight generations of Floyds have managed the 25-room mansion and 613-acre property. Prior to the 20th century, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15308305", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Smith (Maryland)\"\nas Vice-President of the Maryland State Colonization Society, of which Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the co-signers of the Declaration of Independence, was president. The MSCS was a branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as Liberia. Samuel Smith (Maryland) Samuel Smith (July 27, 1752April 22, 1839) was a United States Senator and Representative from Maryland, a mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, and a general in the Maryland militia. He was the brother of cabinet secretary Robert Smith. Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Smith moved with his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6693858", "chunk_text": "\"Maryland State House\"\nadded to the State House collection the following year. The painting depicts General George Washington, Lafayette and Washington's aide-de-camp Tench Tilghman. It was in the Old Senate Chamber that Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army on December 23, 1783. A mannequin of Washington in period clothing stands in the room. On February 2, 1781, Governor Thomas Sim Lee signed and sealed the \"\"act to empower the delegates of this state in Congress to subscribe and ratify the Articles of Confederation.\"\" The decision established the requisite unanimous consent of all thirteen states for the formation of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12388320", "chunk_text": "\"St. Dominic Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)\"\nDominic Church was built on land held by Catholic families or institutions since at least 1735. Widow Ann Rozier Carroll relative of Charles Carroll, signer of the Declaration of Independence . Carroll remarried to Benjamin Young, Commissioner of Crown Lands. Although Maryland was founded by Catholic Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore as the first English colony in America permitting religious freedom, the English government took over Maryland's government following the Protestant Revolution in 1689. Under English rule, Benjamin Young lost his post when he became Catholic. The family lived at a manor house with a private house chapel on what", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13348631", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Carroll\"\nFort Carroll Fort Carroll is a artificial island and abandoned hexagonal sea fort in the middle of the Patapsco River, just south of Baltimore, Maryland. It is named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832), a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1847, the State of Maryland gave permission to the United States War Department to construct a fort in the shallow water of Soller's Point Flats to protect the city of Baltimore. Fort Carroll was important for the defense of Baltimore—before the fort's construction, Fort McHenry just outside the city was the only military defensive structure between Baltimore and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4967469", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Katherine Goddard\"\nMary Katherine Goddard Mary Katherine Goddard (June 16, 1738 – August 12, 1816) was an early American publisher, and the postmaster of the Baltimore Post Office from 1775 to 1789. She was the second printer to print the Declaration of Independence. Her copy, the Goddard Broadside, was commissioned by Congress in 1777, and was the first to include the names of the signatories. In 1998, Goddard was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. Mary Katherine Goddard was born in Southern New England in 1738. She was the daughter of Dr. Giles Goddard and Sarah Updike Goddard. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_707	when does wonder woman come out on blue ray?	n/a	[ "September 19, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838060", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\n15, 2017, and was released in the United States on June 2, 2017, in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX 3D by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received largely positive reviews, with praise for its acting (particularly by Gadot and Pine), direction, visuals, action sequences, and musical score, although the portrayal of its villains received some criticism. The film set numerous box office records; it is the 8th-highest-grossing superhero film domestically and 24th-highest-grossing film in the United States. It grossed over $821 million worldwide, making it the tenth highest-grossing film of 2017. It also helped the DCEU to push past", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15442569", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nfeatures a standalone woman superhero, and 87% wished Hollywood would make more women-led superhero films. In May 2017, NASCAR driver Danica Patrick drove her No. 10 car with a \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" paint scheme at the Go Bowling 400 in Kansas and at the Monster Energy Open in Charlotte. \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" was released on Digital HD on August 29, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on September 19, 2017. The film debuted at the top spot of both the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart and the Blu-ray Disc sales chart. On May 31, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399931", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nJenkins signing on to direct in 2015. Principal photography began on November 21, 2015, with filming taking place in the United Kingdom, France, and Italy before wrapping up on May 9, 2016, the 123rd birthday of the creator, William Moulton Marston. Additional filming took place in November 2016. \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" premiered in Shanghai on May 15, 2017, and was released in the United States on June 2, 2017, in 2D, 3D, and IMAX 3D. It received largely positive reviews, with critics praising the direction, performances, action sequences and musical score. The film set records for the biggest domestic opening for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656220", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nSteel\"\" and \"\"\"\", the first and second films in the DC Extended Universe. \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\" is scheduled to be released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX 3D on June 5, 2020. It was previously set for December 13, 2019, and then moved to November 1, 2019, before settling on its mid-2020 release date. On June 22, 2018, it was reported that Gal Gadot would be attending Warner Bros' DC presentation at San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC) 2018, and some footage from the film will be shown to promote it. Director Patty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399934", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nWar\"\". Patty Jenkins reported online, that the film will be another great love story with a new love interest being cast. Pre-production began in early December, 2017, according to director Patty Jenkins, with filming scheduled to start in June 2018, under the working title, \"\"Magic Hour.\"\" Production will be returning to Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in the United Kingdom. By February 2018, Kristen Wiig had entered early negotiations to portray the film's primary antagonist, Barbara Ann Minerva / Cheetah. \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\" is scheduled to be released in North America on June 5, 2020. The title \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" refers to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12096743", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League (film)\"\ntour. Clark Kent was revealed in a final trailer before the release of the film, but edited in a way that writers felt Lois Lane was dreaming about Clark. Sponsorship and marketing partners of the film included AT&T, Gillette, Mercedes-Benz, and TCL. \"\"Justice League\"\" was released on digital download on February 13, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018 in various international markets. The Blu-ray features two deleted scenes titled \"\"Return of Superman\"\". , it has made $12.1 million in DVD sales and $37.3 million in Blu-ray sales, totaling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838061", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\n$3 billion at the worldwide box office, making it the fourteenth-highest-grossing film franchise of all time. As of August 2018, Rotten Tomatoes has listed the movie as No. 2 on its list of the \"\"Best Superhero Movies of All Time\"\", and the American Film Institute selected it as one of the top 10 Movies of the Year. The film received three nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, winning Best Action Movie. A sequel, \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\", is scheduled to be released on June 5, 2020, with Jenkins returning as director and Gadot reprising her role. In present-day Paris, Diana", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838099", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nShanghai. It premiered on May 25, 2017, in Los Angeles. The film's London premiere, which was scheduled to take place on May 31 at the Odeon Leicester Square, was cancelled due to the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. The film had its Latin America premiere in Mexico City on May 27. It was released in most of the world, including in IMAX, on June 2, 2017, after originally being scheduled for June 23. Belgium, Singapore and South Korea received the film first, with May 31 openings. On April 17, it was announced that \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" would be released in China on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11004492", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nthe film. In July, Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor. Other cast members include Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta, Robin Wright as General Antiope, Danny Huston as Erich Ludendorff, Elena Anaya as Doctor Poison, and David Thewlis as Ares. Filming began in November 2015, and was shot in the United Kingdom, France and Italy. \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" was released in North America on June 2, 2017. Motivated by at the hands of Doomsday, Batman and Wonder Woman assemble a team of metahumans to face a new catastrophic threat. In June 2013, it was reported that Goyer would be writing \"\"Justice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19640644", "chunk_text": "\"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\"\nreclaimed by famous activist Gloria Steinem in 1972, when she put the character on the cover of the first issue of \"\"Ms. Magazine\"\" as the quintessential symbol of female empowerment. The credits conclude that \"\"Wonder Woman remains the most famous female superhero of all time.\"\" Principal photography on the film began in early October 2016. Annapurna Pictures handles the worldwide rights, while Topple Productions and Boxspring Entertainment produced the film. Amy Redford also produced, along with Terry Leonard. The film was released on October 13, 2017 by Annapurna Pictures. It had its world premiere at the 2017 Toronto International Film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656210", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nCanary Islands, and Almería in Andalucía, Spain, and is scheduled to be completed in December 2018. \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\" is scheduled to be released in the United States by Warner Bros. Pictures in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX 3D on June 5, 2020. Diana Prince comes into conflict with the Soviet Union during the Cold War in the 1980s, and finds a formidable foe in the form of the Cheetah. Additionally, Pedro Pascal, Natasha Rothwell, Ravi Patel, Gabriella Wilde, Kristoffer Polaha and child actress Oakley Bull have been cast in undisclosed roles. Gal Gadot, who had originally signed for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399926", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nWonder Woman in other media Since her debut in \"\"All Star Comics\"\" #8 (December 1941), Diana Prince/Wonder Woman has appeared in a number of formats besides comic books. Genres include animated television shows, direct-to-DVD animated films, video games, the 1970s live action television series, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", the 2014 CGI theatrical release, \"\"The Lego Movie\"\", and the live-action DCEU films, \"\"\"\" (2016), \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017), and \"\"Justice League\"\" (2017). She will appear in \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\", which will be released in 2020. \"\"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\" is a 2016 American superhero film and the second installment of the DC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034822", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nWonder Woman (2017 film) Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, produced by DC Entertainment in association with RatPac Entertainment and Chinese company Tencent Pictures, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Patty Jenkins from a screenplay by Allan Heinberg and a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" stars Gal Gadot in the title role, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. It is the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2507064", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman\"\nFriends\"\" as well as the 1970s live-action show \"\"Wonder Woman\"\". The character has been featured in direct-to-DVD animated films and CGI theatrical releases, such as \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" (2014). Within the live-action DC Extended Universe films, Wonder Woman debuted in \"\"\"\" (2016) and was featured as the main character in \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017). In November 2017, she appeared in the DCEU release \"\"Justice League.\"\" The 2017 film, \"\"Professor Marston & the Wonder Women\"\", tells the story of the polyamorous relationship between William Moulton Marston, his wife and fellow psychologist Elizabeth Holloway Marston, and their lover Olive Byrne; the invention of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1442521", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe Animated Original Movies\"\nto voice the character. Jason O'Mara, Jerry O'Connell and Rosario Dawson reprise their roles as Batman, Superman and Wonder Woman, respectively. Also joining them in the film are Camilla Luddington as Zatanna, Nicholas Turturro as Deadman, Ray Chase as Etrigan the Demon, Roger Cross as Swamp Thing and Green Lantern / John Stewart, Colleen Villard as Black Orchid, JB Blanc as Merlin and Abnegazar, Jeffrey Vincent Parise as Rath, Fred Tatasciore as Ghast, Enrico Colantoni as Felix Faust, Jeremy Davies as Ritchie Simpson, and Alfred Molina as Destiny. The film was digitally released on January 24, 2017 and on DVD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034922", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nof power as a respected producer and director to silence women.\"\" Originally signed for three feature films, with \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" and \"\"Justice League\"\" being her second and third films, Gadot signed an extension to her contract for additional films. Jenkins initially signed for only one film, but in an interview with \"\"Variety\"\", Geoff Johns revealed that he and Jenkins were writing the treatment for a \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" sequel and that he has a \"\"cool idea for the second one\"\". At the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Warner Bros. officially announced a sequel would be released on December 13, 2019, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15486892", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (soundtrack)\"\nWonder Woman (soundtrack) Wonder Woman is the soundtrack to the film of the same name. The music is composed and arranged by Rupert Gregson-Williams. It was released on June 2, 2017, by WaterTower Music. On November 3, 2016, Rupert Gregson-Williams was hired to compose the film's music. He is joined by Evan Jolly, Tom Howe, Paul Mounsey, and Andrew Kawczynski who provide additional music. The soundtrack was released on the same day as the film on CD, digital, and vinyl. The score also heavily samples the \"\"Is She with You?\"\" theme from the film \"\"\"\", which was written by Hans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656213", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nalong with Jenkins and Johns, who were already working on the script for several months. On February 28, 2018, it was reported that the film will be shot with IMAX film cameras in select action sequences. By late May 2018, long-time DCEU producer Zack Snyder confirmed on social media platform Vero that he, along with his wife Deborah Snyder, will serve as producers on the \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" sequel. On June 13, 2018, the title of the film was announced to be \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\". Pre-production officially began in the United Kingdom by early December 2017. That same month, director Patty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13915840", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nfilm had garnered $400 million in ticket sales, becoming the second female-fueled film (after Disney's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\"), Warner Bros.' third-biggest movie (after Christopher Nolan's \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" and \"\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\"), holding the record of the highest-earning superhero origin film, replacing the previous record held by \"\"Spider-Man\"\" (2002), before being replaced itself in February 2018 by \"\"Black Panther\"\". It also becoming the highest-earning film with a female director in terms of domestic earnings—surpassing \"\"Frozen\"\" (2013). Beyond the US and Canada, the film was released day-and-date with its North American debut in 55 markets (72% of its total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20399959", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman in other media\"\nor that references Wonder Woman: Wonder Woman in other media Since her debut in \"\"All Star Comics\"\" #8 (December 1941), Diana Prince/Wonder Woman has appeared in a number of formats besides comic books. Genres include animated television shows, direct-to-DVD animated films, video games, the 1970s live action television series, \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", the 2014 CGI theatrical release, \"\"The Lego Movie\"\", and the live-action DCEU films, \"\"\"\" (2016), \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017), and \"\"Justice League\"\" (2017). She will appear in \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\", which will be released in 2020. \"\"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\" is a 2016 American superhero film and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20530824", "chunk_text": "\"DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis\"\nDC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis is a 2018 American animated film based on the \"\"DC Super Hero Girls\"\" franchise, produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the fifth film in the \"\"DC Super Hero Girls\"\" franchise. It premiered at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 22, 2018 and was released digitally and DVD on October 2, 2018. An uneventful day at school until the powerful Book of Legends is suddenly stolen from Super Hero High. In order to uncover the mystery, Wonder Woman,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13915842", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nv Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\". The film opened in its last market, Japan, on August 25 and debuted to $3.4 million, helping the international gross cross the $400 million mark. The biggest markets of Wonder Woman outside North America are China (US$90 million) followed by Brazil (US$34 million), UK (US$28 million), Australia($23 million) and Mexico($22 million). \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" received a largely positive response from film critics, with some calling it the DC Extended Universe's best film, with additional praise highlighting Jenkins's direction, acting, chemistry of Gadot and Pine, musical score, and action sequences. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15442574", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nother territories for a worldwide total of $821.8 million, against an estimated production budget of $120–150 million. Estimates for the number the film needed to surpass internationally in order to cover its production and promotional costs and break even ranged from $300 million to $460 million. \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $252.9 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the 6th most profitable release of 2017. In May 2017, early tracking had \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" opening with $65–75 million, and possibly as high as $105 million. The film opened Friday, June 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4136533", "chunk_text": "\"Patty Jenkins\"\nthe Year. \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\" is scheduled to be released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on June 5, 2020. It had originally been scheduled for November 1, 2019. She has been negotiating the terms of her contract with Warner Brothers for an estimated 7 to 9 million dollars, which will be a record breaking salary for a female filmmaker. She signed on to the first film with no guarantee of directing a second film, but envisioned the second one during the making of Wonder Woman, which turned out to benefit her greatly. When she was signed on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2537735", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League (film)\"\nduring \"\"a dark, twisted moment\"\" in the film, the time when a resurrected Superman fights the Justice League. The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's \"\"Everybody Knows\"\" performed by Sigrid, \"\"Icky Thump\"\" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' \"\"Come Together\"\" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL. WaterTower Music released the soundtrack album digitally on November 10, 2017, with a release of the physical format on December 8. The film held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America and elsewhere around the world in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034923", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nwould be titled \"\"Wonder Woman 2\"\"; the date was later moved up to November 1, 2019, to avoid competition with \"\"\"\". Later, Jenkins was officially signed to return as director, with confirmation that Gadot will be returning as the titular role. Days later, the studio hired Dave Callaham to co-write the film's script with Jenkins and Johns. On March 9, 2018, Kristen Wiig was confirmed to play Cheetah, the villain of the film. Later that month, it was announced that Pedro Pascal would have a key role in the film. In May 2018, long-time DCEU producer Zack Snyder confirmed on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034924", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\nsocial media platform Vero that he, along with wife Deborah Snyder, will serve as producers on the \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" sequel. In June 2018, the title of the film was announced to be \"\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\". Wonder Woman (2017 film) Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, produced by DC Entertainment in association with RatPac Entertainment and Chinese company Tencent Pictures, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Patty Jenkins from a screenplay by Allan Heinberg and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4392490", "chunk_text": "\"DC Animated Movie Universe\"\nof demonic attacks over Gotham, Batman and the Justice League request John Constantine for help who recruits a team of supernatural heroes consisting of Zatanna, Boston Brand / Deadman, Jason Blood / Etrigan the Demon and Alec Holland / Swamp Thing to stop it. The film was released digitally on January 24, 2017 and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7, 2017. It is an adaptation of Peter Milligan's \"\"Justice League Dark\"\" series and introduces the team of the same name to the universe. The Titans gain a new team member, Terra, who seems to have ulterior motives as they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12423387", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\ntheme of the film is relationships and their impact on Superman's world. \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" had its premiere at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 20, 2018 and released in direct-to-video on August 7, 2018, distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment on DVD, Blu-ray, and on digital distribution platforms on July 24, 2018. The Film is also scheduled to receive a limited theatrical release on January 13, 2019. Reviews for \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" have been positive. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 92% based on 12 reviews. \"\"Newsarama\"\" called the film \"\"One of DC's Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657784", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nran a story about Dynamite Entertainment. In it, best-selling author Andy Mangels was revealed to be writing a prestigious new intercompany crossover mini-series for the company, in conjunction with DC Comics: \"\"Wonder Woman '77 Meets The Bionic Woman\"\", bringing together the Lynda Carter television character with Lindsay Wagner's fellow 1970s television super-heroine. The series was released in December 2016. After the success of \"\"\"\", animated film based on the \"\"Batman\"\" TV series of the 1960s, Warner Bros. had stated that their executives are considering to make an animated film based on the classic \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" TV series, with Lynda Carter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034872", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\n\"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" and \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\". Of that, $1.5 million came from IMAX screenings. Earning a total of $103.3 million on its opening weekend, the film recorded a number of records: the biggest domestic opening of all time for a female director (surpassing previous record holder \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\"), the biggest DC Comics release without Batman or Superman (ahead of \"\"Constantine\"\"), the sixth-biggest non-sequel comic book superhero debut ever, as well as the sixth-biggest June debut weekend. Its three-day opening alone made it the highest-grossing woman-led comic book superhero film ever (surpassing \"\"Ghost in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4547836", "chunk_text": "\"Black Panther (film)\"\nof AMC Entertainment, were in attendance for the premiere along with other diplomats and industry experts; no one from the cast or production team was in attendance. Men and women sat together at the screening, after the Saudi government relaxed enforcement of laws banning co-mingling between unrelated men and women. \"\"Black Panther\"\" screened there for five days before \"\"Avengers: Infinity War\"\" premiered on April 26. \"\"Black Panther\"\" was released for digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on May 8, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on May 15. The digital and Blu-ray releases included several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11782007", "chunk_text": "\"Lego DC Super Hero Girls: Brain Drain\"\nLego DC Super Hero Girls: Brain Drain Lego DC Super Hero Girls: Brain Drain is an American animated direct-to-video film based on the \"\"DC Super Hero Girls\"\" franchise, produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It is the third film in the \"\"DC Super Hero Girls\"\" franchise, as well as the first in the series to be based on the DC Super Hero Girls brand of Lego. It was digitally released on July 25, 2017 and was followed by a DVD release on August 8, 2017. The movie premiered on Cartoon Network in the US on November 19, 2017. The entire planet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "77890", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (soundtrack)\"\nZimmer and Junkie XL. Australian singer Sia sang a song for the film, titled \"\"To Be Human\"\", featuring English musician Labrinth. Written by Florence Welch and Rick Nowels, the song is featured on the soundtrack. The single was released on May 25, 2017. Wonder Woman (soundtrack) Wonder Woman is the soundtrack to the film of the same name. The music is composed and arranged by Rupert Gregson-Williams. It was released on June 2, 2017, by WaterTower Music. On November 3, 2016, Rupert Gregson-Williams was hired to compose the film's music. He is joined by Evan Jolly, Tom Howe, Paul Mounsey,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139966", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe Animated Original Movies\"\nHank Henshaw. The second part of \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" storyline, titled \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\", will be released digitally on January 15, 2019, and on Blu-ray January 29. Announced at San Diego Comic-Con on July 20, 2018. Announced at San Diego Comic-Con on July 20, 2018, will be released in summer 2019. Announced at San Diego Comic-Con on July 20, 2018. This will be a solo Wonder Woman film with an original storyline. \"\"DC Showcase\"\" is a series of short films focusing on DC characters who normally are unable to have a feature unto themselves. They are released as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865448", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder (film)\"\nIsland, NY, from July 18 to September 13, 2016. Bea Miller composed a song for the film, \"\"Brand New Eyes.\"\" It was released on August 3, 2017. \"\"Wonder\"\" author R. J. Palacio has often credited Natalie Merchant's song \"\"Wonder\"\", from her 1995 album \"\"Tigerlily\"\", as the inspiration for her best-selling book and at Merchant's invitation, the song was featured on the soundtrack. The song is played during the film's end credits. Lionsgate had initially scheduled \"\"Wonder\"\" to be released in the United States on April 7, 2017. On February 13, 2017, it was announced that the release date had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657781", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (TV series)\"\nthe show every weekend as part of \"\"Hangover TV.\"\" As of 2015, the series is shown on The Horror Channel. Columbia House with Warner Home Video released the series on VHS videotapes through their \"\"Wonder Woman: The Collector's Edition\"\" series from the late 1990s-early 2000s, which was only available through mail order subscriptions. Each volume contained two episodes. The Season Two episodes \"\"The Pied Piper\"\" and \"\"Flight To Oblivion,\"\" however, were not included on the VHS releases. Warner Home Video has released all three seasons of \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" on DVD in various regions, both separately and in a collected edition.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2537701", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League (film)\"\nJoss Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including directing additional scenes written by himself; Snyder retained sole directorial credit, while Whedon received a screenwriting credit. \"\"Justice League\"\" premiered in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was released in the United States in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX on November 17, 2017. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, \"\"Justice League\"\" is one of the most expensive films ever made. The film grossed $657 million worldwide against a break-even point of $750 million, becoming a box office bomb and losing the studio approximately $60 million, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17560083", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (1974 film)\"\naction sequence, which occurs during the final third of the story. The pilot aired originally on March 12, 1974 and was repeated on August 21 of that year. Ratings were described as \"\"respectable but not exactly wondrous.\"\" ABC did not pick up the pilot, although Crosby would later claim she was offered the series that was eventually given to Lynda Carter. An ABC spokesperson would later acknowledge that the decision to update the character was a mistake. Warner Brothers released this pilot into syndication as a stand-alone 90-minute telefilm, where it played on independent TV stations throughout the 1970s and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20530825", "chunk_text": "\"DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis\"\nBatgirl, Supergirl, Bumblebee and the rest of the Super Crew must journey through the depths of the ocean to Atlantis. There, the girls encounter Mera and Siren, the ocean-dwelling thieves, who prove to be a formidable match. In order to recover the stolen tome and return it to its rightful place, DC Super Hero Girls must band together and use their collective powers to successfully get back to land. The film was released on DVD and Digitally on October 2, 2018. DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis is a 2018 American animated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4392494", "chunk_text": "\"DC Animated Movie Universe\"\nYork Comic Con on October 4, 2018, and released on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital on October 9, 2018. \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\" will be the second part of a two part film that started with \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" and will be released early 2019. The film will be based on the comic book of the same name which was a follow up to the Death of Superman comic. The film will feature Superboy, Steel, the Eradicator and Cyborg Superman. It will be released digitally on January 15, 2019, and on Blu-ray January 29. \"\"Nightwing and Robin\"\" is a one-minute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11280014", "chunk_text": "\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\ntrailers for the event were released throughout November, before the full trailer was released on November 20. All four episodes and the behind-the-scenes featurette \"\"Inside the Crossover: Crisis on Earth-X\"\", were released on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 along with the rest of \"\"Arrow\"\"s sixth season on August 14, 2018, with \"\"The Flash\"\"s fourth season on August 23, with \"\"Supergirl\"\"s third season on September 18, and with \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\"s third season on September 25. The four episodes were released together on a separate DVD on September 3, 2018 in Region 2, and September 5 in Region 4. Unlike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11093207", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nlive-action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following \"\"\"\" (2016), \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" (2017), and \"\"Justice League\"\" (2017), and will be the second full-length feature film centered around the character. Discussion of a sequel began shortly after the release of the first film in June 2017, and the decision to proceed was confirmed the following month. Principal photography began in June 2018, with filming taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in the United Kingdom, as well as the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia in the United States, London and Duxford, England in the UK, Tenerife and Fuerteventura in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1656216", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman 1984\"\nRobin Wright were confirmed to reprise their roles as Hippolyta and Antiope in a flashback sequence. In November 2018, Kristoffer Polaha revealed that he has a role in the film. Principal photography began in Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) on June 13, 2018, under the working title \"\"Magic Hour\"\". Filming took place at the Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden in the United Kingdom, and at a number of locations around the District of Columbia and Northern Virginia in the United States, including the Landmark Mall in Alexandria, Virginia during June and July 2018, with scenes shot in Alexandria from June 18 through July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19566805", "chunk_text": "\"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\nWarner Bros. Pictures. Following a strong debut that set new box office records, the film experienced a historic drop in its second weekend and never recovered. Despite turning a profit, it was deemed a box office disappointment and received generally unfavorable reviews from critics for its tone, screenplay, and pacing, though some praised its visual style and acting performances. An extended cut dubbed the \"\"Ultimate Edition\"\", which features 31 minutes of additional footage, was released digitally on June 28, 2016, and on Blu-ray on July 19, 2016. A direct sequel, titled \"\"Justice League\"\", was released in November 2017. Eighteen months", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4779560", "chunk_text": "\"Batman vs. Two-Face\"\nNewmar reprised their roles as Robin and Catwoman. Lee Meriwether previously played Catwoman in the 1966 feature film and has a voice cameo in this production. \"\"Batman vs. Two-Face\"\" premiered at the New York Comic Con on October 8, 2017 and was released digitally on October 10, 2017 and on DVD and Blu-ray on October 17, 2017. The score by Lolita Ritmanis, Michael McCuistion & Kristopher Carter was released on October 6, 2017 on CD by WaterTower Records as an exclusive with FYE. IGN awarded the film a score of 8.4 out of 10, saying \"\"\"\"Batman vs. Two-Face\"\" is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16471397", "chunk_text": "\"Bad Boys (franchise)\"\nbe released on February 17, 2017. On March 5, 2016, the film was pushed to June 2, 2017. Producers plan to begin production in early 2017. On August 11, 2016, the film was pushed back once again to January 12, 2018, to avoid box office competition with the upcoming DC Comics film \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", and retitled \"\"Bad Boys for Life\"\". Lawrence revealed on \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\" that filming may start in March 2017. On March 7, 2017, Carnahan left the film due to scheduling conflicts, and in August 2017 Sony removed the film from their release schedule. In August 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4034871", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\n2017, across 4,165 theaters and made $38.7 million on its opening day, including $3.7 million in IMAX. It was the biggest single-day gross for a woman-directed film, ahead of the $35.9 million opening Friday of Catherine Hardwicke's \"\"Twilight\"\" in 2008 and the biggest opening day for a woman-led comic book superhero film, ahead of \"\"Ghost in the Shell\"\" ($7 million). This included $11 million it made from Thursday previews, also the best start for a film directed by a woman, surpassing \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\"s $8.6 million which was directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, and the third-biggest of the year, behind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12387662", "chunk_text": "\"Tomb Raider (film)\"\nguests and cosplaying fans. It was released in the United States on March 16, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures, days after the fifth anniversary of the franchise's video game reboot. The film received an IMAX 3D and a RealD 3D release. It also received an 4DX release in selected countries. Outside the US, the film was released in most territories between March 8–16, 2018, in Japan on March 21, 2018, and in Poland on April 6, 2018. \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" was released on digital streaming platforms on May 29, 2018. A 4K UHD Blu-Ray, Blu-ray and DVD release occurred on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19346228", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe (streaming service)\"\navailable on iOS, Android, Roku, Apple TV, and Android TV, in addition to web and mobile web access. Each subscription to DC Universe can be used on two devices at a time. Pre-orders for the streaming service became available starting on July 19, 2018, while an early beta-version was made available to select users in August 2018. At launch, the service included the four Christopher Reeve \"\"Superman\"\" films, \"\"Batman Begins\"\", \"\"The Dark Knight\"\", animated television series \"\"\"\", \"\"Static Shock\"\", \"\"Young Justice\"\", \"\"Teen Titans\"\", \"\"Batman Beyond\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Justice League\"\", live-action television series \"\"Lois & Clark\"\" and \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", the latter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_708	what nba team did derrick rose play for?	n/a	[ "Minnesota Timberwolves", "Cleveland Cavaliers", "New York Knicks", "Chicago Bulls" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703271", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nseason after tearing the meniscus in his left knee, necessitating a fourth round of knee surgery for Rose in his nine-year career. On July 25, 2017, Rose signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. In his debut for the Cavaliers in their season opener against the Boston Celtics on October 17, 2017, Rose scored 14 points in a 102–99 win. On November 24, 2017, Rose left the team to re-evaluate his future in the NBA. His increasing frustration with injuries caused him to question his desire to continue playing. He returned to working with the Cavaliers' medical staff in early December in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703273", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nRose averaged 14.2 points in 23.8 minutes per game, as the Timberwolves lost 4–1 to the Houston Rockets in the first round. On July 4, 2018, Rose re-signed with the Timberwolves for the 2018–19 season. On October 31, in his first start of the season, he scored a career-high 50 points in a 128–125 win over the Utah Jazz, securing the victory with a block on Utah's final shot as time expired. Rose was a member of the United States men's national basketball teams that won gold medals at the 2010 and 2014 FIBA World Cup respectively. Standing at and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703225", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nrequired surgery and was subsequently sidelined for the entire 2012–13 season. Rose returned to play in 2013–14. However, on November 22, 2013, during a regular season game against the Portland Trail Blazers, Rose injured his right meniscus which caused him to miss the remainder of the season. Rose returned once again the following season, but knee injuries continued to riddle him, causing him to miss 30 games. In June 2016, he was traded to the New York Knicks. After one season with the Knicks, Rose joined the Cleveland Cavaliers in July 2017, but was traded and subsequently released by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703272", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nhopes of recovering from a sprained left ankle and bone spurs. On January 18, 2018, Rose returned to the line-up after missing more than two months with ankle injuries and scored nine points in 13 minutes in a 104–103 win over the Orlando Magic. On February 8, 2018, Rose was acquired by the Utah Jazz in a three-team trade that also involved the Cavaliers and the Sacramento Kings. Two days later, he was waived by the Jazz. On March 8, 2018, Rose signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves, reuniting him with Tom Thibodeau, Jimmy Butler and Taj Gibson. In the playoffs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703277", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nreleased in July 2018. In 2011, Rose was estimated by \"\"Crain's Chicago Business\"\" to earn $1.5–$2.5 million annually in endorsements, ranking just outside the top 10 NBA players in that category. In 2012, it was reported that Rose signed a contract extension with Adidas, worth $185 million over 14 years. Derrick Rose Derrick Martell Rose (born October 4, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one year of college basketball for the Memphis Tigers before being drafted first overall by his hometown Chicago Bulls in the 2008 NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703269", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\ntraded, along with Justin Holiday and a 2017 second-round draft pick, to the New York Knicks in exchange for future teammate José Calderón, Jerian Grant and Robin Lopez. He made his debut for the Knicks in the team's season opener on October 25 against the Cleveland Cavaliers. In 29 minutes of action, he scored 17 points on 7-of-17 shooting in a 117–88 loss. On November 4, Rose returned to Chicago for the first time as a member of the Knicks, recording 15 points and 11 assists in a 117–104 win over the Bulls. On November 17, he scored a season-high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554343", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nin the 2008 draft by the Chicago Bulls. He was selected to the U.S. Select Team to scrimmage against and prepare the National Team for the Olympics in Beijing. In mid-July, he played two games in the Orlando Pro Summer League until forced out by tendinitis in his right knee, ending his summer, but returned in October to play all eight preseason games. Rose became the first Bulls draftee to score 10 points or more in his first 10 games since Michael Jordan, and earned Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month honors for November and December. During the All-Star Weekend,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703226", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nUtah Jazz the following February. In March 2018, he signed with the Timberwolves. Rose was born and raised in the Englewood area, one of the most dangerous neighborhoods on Chicago's South Side. He is the youngest son of Brenda Rose after Dwayne, Reggie, and Allan. All three were talented basketball players who taught Rose the in and outs of basketball on nearby courts. As his talent for the sport grew, Rose began to attract much more outside attention in Chicago's basketball circles, leading his mother and brothers to restrict outside contact to him. She feared he would be exploited and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703223", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nDerrick Rose Derrick Martell Rose (born October 4, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one year of college basketball for the Memphis Tigers before being drafted first overall by his hometown Chicago Bulls in the 2008 NBA draft. After being named the NBA Rookie of the Year, Rose, at age 22, became the youngest player to win the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2011. Rose was born and raised in Chicago, and attended Simeon Career Academy. He was highly recruited by NCAA scouts and coaches, eventually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14615823", "chunk_text": "\"Malik Rose\"\nMalik Rose Malik Jabari Rose (born November 23, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. Rose played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association, winning NBA championships with the San Antonio Spurs in 1999 and 2003. In 2018, Rose became an assistant general manager for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association. Previously, Rose served as general manager of the Erie BayHawks and manager of basketball operations for the Atlanta Hawks. He is a former broadcaster for the Philadelphia 76ers. Rose graduated from Overbrook High School in Philadelphia, the same high school as Wilt Chamberlain. He graduated from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703224", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nchoosing to join the University of Memphis under coach John Calipari. Rose led the Memphis Tigers to the most wins in NCAA history (a 38–2 record), their first number one ranking in 25 years, and an appearance in the NCAA championship game. In 2009, an NCAA investigation revealed that Rose's SAT scores had been invalidated, and as a result, the NCAA vacated Memphis' entire 2007–08 season. Rose has struggled with significant knee injuries since his 2010–11 MVP campaign. In the first round of the 2012 NBA Playoffs against the Philadelphia 76ers, Rose tore his ACL in his left knee. Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703270", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\n27 points in a 119–112 loss to the Washington Wizards. He topped that mark on November 28, scoring 30 points in a 112–103 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On January 10, 2017, Rose was fined an undisclosed amount after he reportedly flew to Chicago to be with his mother but did not notify team officials ahead of their game against the New Orleans Pelicans on January 9. Eight days later, he matched his season high with 30 points in a 117–106 win over the Boston Celtics. On April 2, 2017, he was ruled out for the rest of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6081362", "chunk_text": "\"Malik Rose\"\nwas hired as an assistant general manager within the Detroit Pistons' organization and left the BayHawks. Malik Rose Malik Jabari Rose (born November 23, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. Rose played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association, winning NBA championships with the San Antonio Spurs in 1999 and 2003. In 2018, Rose became an assistant general manager for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association. Previously, Rose served as general manager of the Erie BayHawks and manager of basketball operations for the Atlanta Hawks. He is a former broadcaster for the Philadelphia 76ers. Rose graduated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703265", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nOctober 29, 2014 and recorded 13 points and 5 assists in 21 minutes of action. He went on to score a season-high 32 points on January 14 against the Washington Wizards, before being ruled out again with another knee injury a month later. He appeared in 51 games, the most he'd played since the 2010–11 season. On February 24, it was announced Rose required another round of surgery on his right knee and was ruled out indefinitely. An exam and subsequent MRI confirmed a medial meniscus tear of the right knee, the same injury he sustained on November 22, 2013", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554348", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nfree throws. According to a January 2010 report by ESPN, Rose had the fourth best selling jersey in the league. On October 30, 2010, in the Bulls' second game of the season, Rose scored 39 points in a 101–91 win against the Detroit Pistons. Two days after, Rose contributed 13 assists, helping Luol Deng score a career high 40 points in a win against the Portland Trail Blazers. On December 10, Rose scored 29 points and had 9 assists, leading the Bulls to their first victory over the Los Angeles Lakers since December 19, 2006. On January 17, 2011, Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703262", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nin 20 minutes of play. On October 16, 2013, Rose returned to play in Chicago for the first time, scoring 22 points against the Detroit Pistons. \"\"I think I'm way more explosive now. Like getting to the rim. I think I can take contact a little bit better. And as far as jumping-wise, I think I can jump even higher. They tested my vertical -- I increased it by 5 inches\"\", Rose said after the win. During the pre-season, Rose averaged 20.7 points and 5 assists. His first official game was in 107–95 loss against the defending champions Miami Heat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14615825", "chunk_text": "\"Malik Rose\"\nsigned as a free agent by the San Antonio Spurs in 1997, and quickly became one of their more popular players due to his displays of hustle, defense, and skill despite being undersized. Rose was on the Spurs' NBA championship teams in 1999 and 2003. On February 24, 2005, Rose was traded along with a pair of first-round draft picks to the New York Knicks for Nazr Mohammed and Jamison Brewer, much to the dismay of Spurs fans. A highlight during his tenure with the Knicks was a 10-point, 15-rebound and 9-assist performance in a 94–93 win over the Charlotte", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554349", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nrecorded his first career triple-double with 22 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists in a 96–84 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. On January 27, he was announced as a starting guard on the 2011 NBA All-Star Team for the East squad. On February 17, in the Bulls' last game before the All-Star break, Rose set a career-high with 42 points, while also recording 8 assists and 5 rebounds, as the Bulls beat the San Antonio Spurs 109–99. On March 26, Rose had a career high 17 assists, along with 30 points, in a 95–87 victory over the Milwaukee Bucks. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703274", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nweighing , Rose plays mostly at point guard. He averages 18.9 points per game for his career. He has never been a knock-down shooter from the arc, shooting 30 percent for his career. He developed into a bank-shot shooter during the 2015–16 season after struggling with his jump shot due to what he attributes to depth perception issues following eye surgery in 2015. \| style=\"\"text-align:left;\"\"\| \| style=\"\"text-align:left;\"\"\| 2009 His agent is former Bulls guard B. J. Armstrong. Rose is a Christian. Rose has spoken about his faith saying, \"\"... God does everything for a reason.\"\" Rose wears a wristband that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554345", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nthe first number-one draft pick since LeBron James to win the award. He averaged 16.8 points on 47.5% field goal shooting, 6.3 assists (leading all rookies) and 3.9 rebounds per game and was also named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team. In his playoff debut against the defending champion Boston Celtics, Rose recorded 36 points (tying Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's NBA record for points scored by a rookie in his playoff debut, set in 1970), 11 assists, and 4 rebounds as the Bulls prevailed in a 105–103 overtime win on the road. Rose became the second player in NBA history to record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703264", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nfirst three games. On November 22, Rose injured his right knee during a game against the Portland Trail Blazers. An MRI the next day confirmed that Rose tore his right knee meniscus and that surgery was required. At the time, Rose was averaging 15.9 points and 4.3 assists in 31.1 minutes per game. On November 25, Rose underwent surgery on the torn meniscus in his right knee. The same day, the Bulls announced Rose was out for the season, after a successful surgery. Rose returned from injury to play in the Bulls' season opener against the New York Knicks on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703268", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nseason-high 29 points on 12-of-25 shooting in a 104–98 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder. He showed signs of his old MVP self as he scored 10 points over the final three and a half minutes to lift the Bulls after they blew a 10-point lead in the fourth quarter. On December 18, he scored a season-high 34 points in a 147–144 quadruple overtime loss to the Detroit Pistons. On February 5, 2016, he had a season-best game with 30 points, 9 rebounds and 8 assists in a 115–110 loss to the Denver Nuggets. On June 22, 2016, Rose was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703259", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\n2011, Rose signed a five-year contract extension with the Bulls for $94.8 million. The contract was 30 percent of the Bulls' salary cap, the maximum allowed under a rule dubbed the \"\"Derrick Rose Rule\"\" from the 2011 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement. Rose was voted as an All-Star Game starter for the second consecutive year. He was the second leading vote getter behind Orlando Magic center Dwight Howard. He averaged 21.8 ppg, along with a career high 7.9 apg in 35.3 mpg, but played a career low 39 games due to injuries. He helped Luol Deng become an All-Star for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703266", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nagainst the Portland Trail Blazers. On February 27, he was deemed a possibility of returning toward the end of the season after he underwent successful surgery and was ruled out for just four to six weeks. Rose returned to action on April 8 after a 20-game absence, and working on a minutes restriction, he was 3-of-9 from the field and finished with nine points in 19 minutes as the Bulls lost to the Orlando Magic. On April 18, Rose played in his first playoff game since Game 1 of the 2012 playoffs (the game where he tore his left ACL).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703261", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\n12, 2012, with an estimated recovery period of 8–12 months. Rose returned to full contact practice in January 2013, and was cleared by doctor to play that March, but he did not appear in a game during the 2012–13 NBA season. Despite Rose's absence, the Bulls advanced to the Eastern Conference Semifinals, where they lost to the eventual champions, the Miami Heat. Rose's much awaited return came on October 5, 2013, in a pre-season game against the Indiana Pacers. He had a slow start but scored his first point in the first quarter. He finished the game with 13 points", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703263", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\non October 29. Rose was limited to 12 points, while having 4 assists in 34 minutes of play. He played his usual minutes, but was inefficient from the field, shooting 4–15. Two days later, he played his first official home game against the New York Knicks where he hit the game-winning floater in an 82–81 win. He had 18 points, 6 rebounds and 3 assists. On November 3, 2013, Rose scored 13 points and committed 8 turnovers in the loss against the Philadelphia 76ers. He struggled in his return, shooting 28.8% from the field and averaging 5.7 turnovers in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20115596", "chunk_text": "\"Jalen Rose\"\nsome of Chris Bosh's rebounding duties. Rose's final game and contribution for the Raptors was a home win against the Sacramento Kings, where he scored the winning basket in overtime. Rose's tenure with the Knicks was uneventful and prior to the start of the 2006–07 NBA season on October 30, 2006, the Knicks parted ways with Rose by waiving him. He was courted by several teams including the Phoenix Suns, Detroit Pistons and Miami Heat. On November 3, 2006, Rose announced he would sign with the Suns. On November 7, it was officially announced that Rose had signed a $1.5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703267", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nRose finished with 23 points and 7 assists on 9-of-16 shooting. During the Bulls' first round series against the Bucks, Rose averaged 21.5 points per game. On May 8, Rose banked in a three-pointer at the buzzer and scored 30 points to give the Bulls a 99-96 victory over the Cleveland Cavaliers and a 2-1 lead in the Eastern Conference semi-finals. However, the Cavaliers won the final three games to take the series in six games. A preseason left orbital bone fracture saw Rose begin the regular season wearing a face mask. On November 5, 2015, Rose scored a then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554327", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nseeing him play in an AAU game. Strong efforts were made by Indiana University and in-state University of Illinois to sign Rose to their own programs. Illinois in particular planned to pair Rose and their five-star recruit Eric Gordon, who had played AAU basketball with Rose. Gordon, however, retracted his verbal commitment from the Fighting Illini, opting to play for Indiana, and Rose subsequently gave his verbal commitment before the start of his senior season. Rose chose Memphis because of the school's history of putting players in the NBA and the prospect of Rod Strickland, a 17-year veteran of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703244", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nstrict liability required that Rose be retroactively declared ineligible. It also determined that even without the questions about his test score, Rose would have lost his eligibility in December 2007 due to Reggie Rose being allowed to travel for free. On May 28, 2010, Rose, former Memphis basketball coach John Calipari, and Memphis athletic director R.C. Johnson reached a $100,000 out-of-court settlement with three attorneys who represented Memphis season ticket holders and threatened a lawsuit over the vacated 2007–08 season. The Memphis \"\"Commercial Appeal\"\" first reported on this settlement in October 2011. Rose was selected with the first overall pick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554347", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\n28, 2010, Rose was elected to his first career All-Star Game as a reserve for the Eastern Conference, making him the first Bulls player to be selected since Michael Jordan in 1998. Rose ended up with eight points, four assists and three steals in the game. The Bulls once again made the playoffs in the 2009–10 season, finishing with a 41–41 record. In the playoffs Rose averaged 26.8 points and 7.2 assists, but the Bulls lost in five games to the Cleveland Cavaliers. On April 13, 2010, Rose scored 39 points against the Celtics, making 15–22 field goals and 9–10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703233", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nnamed Illinois Mr. Basketball and was named to the McDonald's All-American team. He was also awarded with First Team honors by \"\"Parade\"\" selection and \"\"USA Today\"\" and \"\"USA Today\"\" First Team All-American. Rose was selected to play in the Jordan Brand All-Star Game and Nike Hoop Summit. In 2009, Rose was named the decade's third greatest high school point guard by \"\"ESPN RISE\"\" magazine behind Chris Paul and T.J. Ford, and had his jersey number (#25) retired along with Ben Wilson. Rose accepted a scholarship to play for the University of Memphis Tigers under John Calipari, who recruited him after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12326009", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Rose (basketball)\"\na 50–18 record and finished his coaching career at the University of South Florida. After retiring from the college ranks in 1986 Rose served as an assistant coach for four NBA teams: the San Antonio Spurs (1986–1988); the New Jersey Nets (1988–1989); the Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1992), and the Charlotte Hornets (1996–2001). He also served as the Bucks' vice president of player personnel in the mid-1990s. Rose and his wife reside in Charlotte, North Carolina, where they attend nearly every Charlotte 49ers basketball game. On June 7, 2007, Rose was hired by the Charlotte Bobcats to be part of head coach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6081359", "chunk_text": "\"Malik Rose\"\nBobcats on April 18, 2007, just missing a triple-double. After being relegated to a minor supporting role for the Knicks for four years, Rose was traded from the Knicks to the Oklahoma City Thunder on February 19, 2009 for Chris Wilcox. One of Rose's most memorable games occurred during the opening round of the 2002 Playoffs against the Seattle SuperSonics. With star front court players Tim Duncan and David Robinson out, Rose stepped in as a starter. Bringing the Spurs back from a 26-point half-time deficit, the Spurs eventually lost by 12 but not before making a contest of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554351", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\n6 months old, Rose also became the youngest player to receive the award (Wes Unseld, formerly the youngest MVP, won the award in 1968–69 at age 23 years, 2 months). In the 2011 NBA Playoffs, the Bulls defeated the Indiana Pacers and Atlanta Hawks in the first two rounds. In the Eastern Conference Finals, the Bulls faced the Miami Heat, led by LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh. The Bulls lost the series in five games. During the 2011 playoffs, Rose averaged 27.1 points per game, but only shot 39% from the field and 24% for three-pointers. In December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1125059", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Williams (basketball)\"\nday, he tied his career-high of 31 points in a loss to the Brooklyn Nets. On July 10, 2016, Williams signed with the Miami Heat. On February 6, 2017, he was waived by the Heat after appearing in 25 games. On February 9, 2017, Williams signed a 10-day contract with the Cleveland Cavaliers. That night, Williams played 22 minutes in his debut in Cleveland's 118–109 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder and scored 12 points, going 3-for-3 from the field and 6-for-8 from the free throw line. He went on to sign a second 10-day contract on February 22, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12198426", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Chicago Bulls season\"\n2016–17 Chicago Bulls season The 2016–17 Chicago Bulls season was the 51st season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Former 2011 MVP and 2009 Rookie of the Year Derrick Rose was traded from his hometown team to the New York Knicks. This was the first season without Rose since the 2012–13 season. Dwyane Wade, who played for the Miami Heat from 2003 to 2016, decided to leave the Heat and sign with his hometown team, the Chicago Bulls. A Chicago native, Wade grew up a fan of the Bulls, and Michael Jordan. The Bulls traded Tony Snell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554344", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nRose played in the Rookie Challenge, and won the Skills Challenge, where he beat out several All-Stars to become the first rookie to claim the trophy. Overcoming a January and February slump, Rose returned to form and won monthly rookie honors in March. Meanwhile, the Bulls, re-energized by the trade deadline acquisitions of John Salmons and Brad Miller, finished the regular season on a 12–4 spurt to qualify as the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference. Rose won Rookie of the Year, joining Michael Jordan (1985) and Elton Brand (2000) as the only Bulls to do so. He was also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703260", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nfirst time in his career. During Game 1 of the first round of the playoffs against the Philadelphia 76ers, Rose injured his left knee while trying to jump. He was immediately helped off the court. The injury occurred when the Bulls were leading by 12 points with 1:22 left to play. Rose came up just short of a triple-double, finishing with 23 points, 9 assists, and 9 rebounds in 37 minutes of action. An MRI later revealed that Rose tore the ACL in his left knee and would miss the rest of the playoffs. Rose had surgery performed on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703276", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nGriffin. Rose was the lone cover athlete for the 2K Sports Downloadable Content game, \"\"NBA 2K10 Draft Combine\"\", which was released on Xbox Live Arcade for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation Network for the PlayStation 3. Rose is a part-owner and spokesman for the Chicago-based Giordano's Pizzeria. In 2008, Rose signed a shoe deal with Adidas for $1 million per year. He has also signed with Wilson Sporting Goods. Other endorsement deals include Skullcandy headphones, Powerade, Force Factor sports drinks and a suburban Chicago Nissan dealership. In May 2018, it was announced that the Adidas D Rose 9's would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "778110", "chunk_text": "\"2008–09 NBA season\"\nwas $67.865 million ($3.285 million) and the mid-level exception was $5.356 million ($229,000). 2008–09 NBA season The 2008–09 NBA season was the 63rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Orlando Magic in the 2009 NBA Finals, four games to one. The 2008 NBA draft was held on June 28, 2008, and Derrick Rose was selected first overall by the Chicago Bulls and eventually awarded the 2009 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. The 2009 NBA All-Star Game was hosted at the US Airways Center in Phoenix. The Western Conference All-Stars defeated the Eastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18922591", "chunk_text": "\"Jalen Rose\"\nthe players called before the grand jury (Robert Traylor, Webber, Rose, Maurice Taylor, and Louis Bullock) in the University of Michigan basketball scandal, Rose was the only one not listed as having received large amounts of money. Rose played for six different NBA teams, forging a solid pro career after skipping his senior season at Michigan. He was selected 13th overall by the Denver Nuggets in the 1994 NBA draft. After two years with Denver, he was traded to the Indiana Pacers, along with Reggie Williams and a future first round draft pick, for Mark Jackson, Ricky Pierce, and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703275", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nsays \"\"In Jesus Name I Play\"\" and has several tattoos about his faith. On October 9, 2012, Rose's girlfriend, Mieka Reese, gave birth to their son, Derrick Jr. In 2016, Rose was involved in a federal civil lawsuit to \"\"assess whether he and two friends raped his former girlfriend.\"\" On October 19 of that year, he was cleared by an eight-member jury and absolved of wrongdoing. In 2018, Rose introduced \"\"The Rose Scholars\"\" program, a scholarship program to help students achieve a higher education. Rose was the cover athlete of \"\"NBA 2K13\"\" alongside fellow NBA players Kevin Durant and Blake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703231", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nin the nation by \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\". In January 2007, Simeon traveled to Madison Square Garden to play Rice High School and star guard Kemba Walker. The Wolverines lost 53–51. The season's highlight was a nationally televised contest on ESPN against Virginia perennial power Oak Hill Academy two weeks later. Matched up with hyped junior guard Brandon Jennings, Rose had 28 points, 9 assists, and 8 rebounds and in a 78–75 win. For his performance, \"\"USA Today\"\" named him their high school player of the week. Simeon went on to repeat as Public League champions and defended their state championship, defeating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1554350", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nthe end of the 2010–11 NBA season the Bulls finished with a league leading record of 62–20. Their 60+ wins was the Bulls' first such season since 1997–98 and sixth 60+ win in franchise history. At season's end, Rose became only the third player since the 1972–73 NBA season to record 2,000 points and 600 assists in a single season. The other two players were LeBron James and Michael Jordan. On May 3, Rose was named the NBA Most Valuable Player, joining Michael Jordan as the only players to receive the award in Chicago Bulls history. At 22 years and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10052968", "chunk_text": "\"Rosell Ellis\"\nRoca. Later that year, he re-joined Des Moines Dragons for the 1998–99 season. In 1999, he joined Cersanit/Nomi Kielce of Poland. In October 1999, he left Kielce. He later joined the Yakima Sun Kings of the CBA for the 1999–2000 season. On October 2, 2000, he signed with the Detroit Pistons. However, he was waived on October 21. Later that month, he re-joined the Yakima Sun Kings for the 2000–01 season. Following the conclusion of the CBA season, he joined the Chicago Skyliners of the ABA. In 2002, he joined the Coca-Cola Tigers of the Philippines for the Governor's Cup.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6081360", "chunk_text": "\"Malik Rose\"\ngame. Malik had 28 points and 13 rebounds for the game. The Oklahoma City Thunder renounced the rights to Rose on December 22, 2009. Rose joined the Madison Square Garden Network as a pregame analyst for his former Knicks team for the 2009-2010 season. He was also named the color analyst for the NBA Development League team, the Austin Toros, who broadcast their games on television for the first time. He has cousin named Lonnie McAllister in Maryland who just made A team On December 20, 2011, Rose was hired as color commentator for the Philadelphia 76ers television broadcasts. Rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20703229", "chunk_text": "\"Derrick Rose\"\nrebounds and 5 steals over Thornwood High School in a sold-out game filled with college scouts and coaches. He led the Wolverines to a 30–5 mark while averaging 19.8 points, 5.1 rebounds, 8.3 assists and 2.4 steals but the season ended after a loss in state regionals. Rose's play garnered him his first national award: a \"\"Parade\"\" All-American third team spot. During Rose's junior year in 2006, the Simeon Wolverines broke through and won the Chicago Public League championship held at the United Center, where Rose starred with 25 points and crowd pleasing dunks. The team advanced through the playoffs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10986007", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bulls\"\nthe playoffs. On June 22, 2016, Derrick Rose and Justin Holiday, along with a 2017 second round draft pick, were traded to the New York Knicks for center Robin Lopez, and point guards Jerian Grant and José Calderón, who was soon traded to the Los Angeles Lakers. On July 7, the Bulls announced the signing of Rose's replacement, guard Rajon Rondo. On July 15, the Bulls signed Chicago native Dwyane Wade. On October 17, 2016, the Bulls acquired 2014 Rookie of the Year Michael Carter-Williams in exchange for Tony Snell. On February 23, 2017, Taj Gibson and Doug McDermott, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10985936", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Bulls\"\nuntil the 2015–16 Warriors. Many experts and analysts consider the 1996 Bulls to be one of the greatest teams in NBA history. Michael Jordan and Derrick Rose have both won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award while playing for the Bulls, for a total of six MVP awards. The Bulls share rivalries with the Detroit Pistons, New York Knicks, and the Miami Heat. The Bulls' rivalry with the Pistons was highlighted heavily during the late 1980s and early 1990s. On January 16, 1966 Chicago was granted an NBA franchise to be called the Bulls. The Chicago Bulls became the third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_709	where did the term liberal arts come from?	n/a	[ "the Roman Empire" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956891", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\n– the or \"\"education in a circle\"\" – of late Classical and Hellenistic Greece, the \"\"liberal arts\"\" or \"\"liberal pursuits\"\" (Latin ) were already so called in formal education during the Roman Empire. The first recorded use of the term \"\"liberal arts\"\" () occurs in by Marcus Tullius Cicero, but it is unclear if he created the term. Seneca the Younger discusses liberal arts in education from a critical Stoic point of view in \"\"Moral Epistles\"\". The exact classification of the liberal arts varied however in Roman times, and it was only after Martianus Capella in the 5th century AD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13583558", "chunk_text": "Liberalism\ninstances of the word \"\"liberal\"\" occurs in 1375, when it was used to describe the liberal arts in the context of an education desirable for a free-born man. The word's early connection with the classical education of a medieval university soon gave way to a proliferation of different denotations and connotations. \"\"Liberal\"\" could refer to \"\"free in bestowing\"\" as early as 1387, \"\"made without stint\"\" in 1433, \"\"freely permitted\"\" in 1530 and \"\"free from restraint\"\"—often as a pejorative remark—in the 16th and the 17th centuries. In 16th century England, \"\"liberal\"\" could have positive or negative attributes in referring to someone's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761041", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nLiberal education A liberal education is a system or course of education suitable for the cultivation of a free (Latin: \"\"liber\"\") human being. It is based on the medieval concept of the liberal arts or, more commonly now, the liberalism of the Age of Enlightenment. It has been described as \"\"a philosophy of education that empowers individuals with broad knowledge and transferable skills, and a stronger sense of values, ethics, and civic engagement ... characterised by challenging encounters with important issues, and more a way of studying than a specific course or field of study\"\" by the Association of American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148582", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nLiberal arts education Liberal arts education (from Latin \"\"free\"\" and \"\"art or principled practice\"\") can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history. It has its origin in the attempt to discover first principles – 'those universal principles which are the condition of the possibility of the existence of anything and everything'. The liberal arts are those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person (, \"\"worthy of a free person\"\") to know in order to take an active part in civic life, something that (for ancient Greece) included participating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148600", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nthe great minds of history who have shaped the modern world as we know it. At the same these colleges focused on the basic formation of one's intellect that came from exercising the tools of logic, grammar, and rhetoric. Liberal arts education Liberal arts education (from Latin \"\"free\"\" and \"\"art or principled practice\"\") can claim to be the oldest programme of higher education in Western history. It has its origin in the attempt to discover first principles – 'those universal principles which are the condition of the possibility of the existence of anything and everything'. The liberal arts are those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9261369", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nrefer to subjects or skills that aim to provide general knowledge and comprise the arts, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as opposed to professional or technical subjects. Most liberal arts colleges nowadays, however, offer more than just liberal arts subjects, such as computer science from the formal science discipline. Liberal arts colleges are found in all parts of the world. Notwithstanding the European origins of the concept of liberal arts education, today the term is largely associated with the United States, and most self-identified liberal arts colleges worldwide are built on the American model. The Global Liberal Arts Alliance,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12611866", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\ntheatre groups, language clubs, etc. Universities encourage students to do so and offer respective opportunities but do not make such activities part of the university's curriculum. Thus, on the level of higher education, despite the European origin of the liberal arts college, the term \"\"liberal arts college\"\" usually denotes liberal arts colleges in the United States. With the exception of pioneering institutions such as Franklin University Switzerland (formerly known as Franklin College), established as a Europe-based, US-style liberal arts college in 1969, only recently some efforts have been undertaken to systematically \"\"re-import\"\" liberal arts education to continental Europe, as with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10374526", "chunk_text": "\"Master of Arts in Liberal Studies\"\nArtium Liberalium Magister (ALM, or Art. Lib. Mgr.), Magister Artium Liberalium (Mgr. Art. Lib.), and Doctor of Liberal Studies (DLS). Characteristics that distinguish these degrees include curricular flexibility and interdisciplinary synthesis via a master's thesis or capstone project. Like other master's degree programs, students generally enroll in a master's in liberal studies only after receiving a bachelor's degree. , there were over 130 colleges and universities offering liberal arts master's programs. Admissions criteria vary by institution. Postgraduate liberal studies originated at Wesleyan University in 1953. Administrators sought to 'break graduate education free' from what they perceived as 'the bonds of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12603587", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nLiberal arts college A liberal arts college or liberal arts institution of higher education is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences. Such colleges aim to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. Students in a liberal arts college generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects, including sciences as well as the traditional humanities subjects taught as liberal arts. Although it draws on European antecedents, the liberal arts college is strongly associated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148583", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nin public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and most importantly, military service. Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts (the trivium), while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a part in education (as the quadrivium). \"\"Liberal arts\"\" today can refer to academic subjects such as literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences; and \"\"liberal arts education\"\" can refer to overall studies in a liberal arts degree program. For both interpretations, the term generally refers to matters not relating to the professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. Rooted in the basic curriculum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12611865", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\ninnate intellectual skills. Going back to the long tradition of the liberal arts in Europe, education in the above sense was freed from scholastic thinking and re-shaped by the theorists of the Enlightenment; in particular, Wilhelm von Humboldt. Since students are considered to have received a comprehensive liberal arts education at \"\"gymnasiums\"\", very often the role of liberal arts education in undergraduate programs at universities is reduced compared to the US educational system. Students are expected to use their skills received at the \"\"gymnasium\"\" in order to further develop their personality in their own responsibility, e.g. in universities' music clubs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145877", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nwhich incorporates institutions on five continents, refers to itself as \"\"an international, multilateral partnership of American style liberal arts institutions.\"\" In 2009, liberal arts colleges from around the world formed the Global Liberal Arts Alliance, an international consortium and \"\"matching service\"\" to help liberal arts colleges in different countries deal with their shared problems. The liberal arts college model took root in the United States in the 19th century, as institutions spread that followed the model of early schools like Harvard, Yale, and Dartmouth, although none of these early American schools are regarded as liberal arts colleges today. These colleges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148587", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nthe clergy of the various legally recognized churches, and the learned professions of law and medicine. The ideal of a liberal arts, or humanistic education grounded in classical languages and literature, persisted until the middle of the twentieth century. Some subsections of the liberal arts are in the trivium—the verbal arts of grammar, logic, and rhetoric—and in the quadrivium—the numerical arts of music and astronomy. Each subsection includes the analysis and interpretation of information. Academic areas that are associated with the term liberal arts include: For example, the core courses for Georgetown University's Doctor of Liberal Studies program cover philosophy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761048", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nfree man capable of thinking for himself and of being a responsible citizen,\"\" but liberal education is still commonly traced back to the Greeks. While liberal education was stifled during the barbarism of the Early Middle Ages, it rose to prominence once again in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, especially with the re-emergence of Aristotelian philosophy. The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries saw a revolt against narrow spirituality and educators started to focus on the human, rather than God. This humanist approach favored reason, nature and aesthetics. Study of the Classics and humanities slowly returned in the fourteenth century, which led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14752999", "chunk_text": "Education\naimed at imparting broad general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.\"\" Although what is known today as liberal arts education began in Europe, the term \"\"liberal arts college\"\" is more commonly associated with institutions in the United States such as Williams College or Barnard College. Vocational education is a form of education focused on direct and practical training for a specific trade or craft. Vocational education may come in the form of an apprenticeship or internship as well as institutions teaching courses such as carpentry, agriculture, engineering, medicine, architecture and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145871", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nwith American higher education, and most liberal arts colleges around the world draw explicitly on the American model. Some of the most renowned liberal arts colleges in the U.S. include Amherst College, Bowdoin College, Carleton College, Davidson College, Hamilton College, Middlebury College, Pomona College, Swarthmore College, Vassar College, Wellesley College, and Williams College. There is no formal definition of liberal arts college, but one American authority defines them as schools that \"\"emphasize undergraduate education and award at least half of their degrees in the liberal arts fields of study.\"\" Other researchers have adopted similar definitions. Although many liberal arts colleges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956900", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nschool or a professional school (public administration, engineering, business, law, medicine, theology). In most parts of Europe, liberal arts education is deeply rooted. In Germany, Austria and countries influenced by their education system it is called '\"\"humanistische Bildung\"\"' (humanistic education). The term is not to be mixed up with some modern educational concepts that use a similar wording. Educational institutions that see themselves in that tradition are often a \"\"Gymnasium\"\"\"\" (high school, grammar school). They aim at providing their pupils with comprehensive education (\"\"Bildung\"\") in order to form personality with regard to a pupil's own humanity as well as their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12611868", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nboth institutions coincidentally on the island of Ireland. In the Netherlands, universities have opened constituent liberal arts colleges under the terminology since the late 1990s. The four-year bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts and Sciences at University College Freiburg is the first of its kind in Germany. It started in October 2012 with 78 students. The first Liberal Arts degree program in Sweden was established at Gothenburg University in 2011, followed by a Liberal Arts Bachelor Programme at Uppsala University's Campus Gotland in the autumn of 2013. The first Liberal Arts program in Georgia was introduced in 2005 by American-Georgian Initiative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9261371", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nserved as a means of spreading a basically European cultural model across the new country. The model proliferated in the 19th century; some 212 small liberal arts colleges were established between 1850 and 1899. As of 1987, there were about 540 liberal arts colleges in the United States. The oldest liberal arts college in America is considered to be Washington College, the first college chartered after American independence. Other prominent examples in the United States include the so-called Little Ivy colleges in New England, the surviving predominantly female Seven Sisters colleges along the northeastern seaboard, the Claremont Colleges in Southern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761046", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\ntheir actions and motivations. Individuals also become more considerate for other beliefs and cultures. According to James Engel, the author of \"\"The Value of a Liberal Arts Education\"\", \"\"\"\"A liberal education provides the framework for an educated and thoughtful citizen.\"\"\"\" Definitions of a liberal education may be broad, generalized, and sometimes even contradictory. \"\"It is at once the most enduring and changeable of academic traditions.\"\" Axelrod, Anisef, and Lin suggest that conceptions of liberal education are rooted in the teaching methods of Ancient Greece, a slave-owning community divided between slaves and freemen. The freemen, mostly concerned about their rights and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148585", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\ninfluentially brought the seven liberal arts as bridesmaids to the \"\"Marriage of Mercury and Philology\"\", that they took on canonical form. The four 'scientific' – music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy (or astrology) – were known from the time of Boethius onwards as the \"\"quadrivium\"\". After the 9th century, the remaining three arts of the 'humanities' – grammar, logic, and rhetoric – were grouped as the \"\"trivium\"\". It was in that two-fold form that the seven liberal arts were studied in the medieval Western university. During the Middle Ages, logic gradually came to take predominance over the other parts of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3149566", "chunk_text": "College\nare known as liberal arts colleges. Until the 20th century, liberal arts, law, medicine, theology, and divinity were about the only form of higher education available in the United States. These schools have traditionally emphasized instruction at the undergraduate level, although advanced research may still occur at these institutions. While there is no national standard in the United States, the term \"\"university\"\" primarily designates institutions that provide undergraduate and graduate education. A university typically has as its core and its largest internal division an undergraduate college teaching a liberal arts curriculum, also culminating in a bachelor's degree. What often distinguishes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9882183", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts colleges in the United States\"\nLiberal arts colleges in the United States Liberal arts colleges in the United States are certain undergraduate institutions of higher education in the United States. The \"\"Encyclopædia Britannica Concise\"\" offers a definition of the liberal arts as a \"\"college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.\"\" Generally, a full-time, four-year course of study at a liberal arts college leads students to earning Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Science (B.S.) and on rare occasion Bachelor of Science in Engineering (B.S.E.) degrees. These schools are American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3932486", "chunk_text": "\"Master of Arts in Liberal Studies\"\noverspecialization' that were then prevalent at colleges and universities throughout the United States and Europe. Initially aimed at professors and teachers, postgraduate liberal studies quickly gained popularity and became a \"\"cause célèbre\"\" during the progressive education movements of the 1960s. Another early program began at Johns Hopkins University in 1962 and quickly gained national recognition. Then as now, Liberal Studies programs tend to draw courses and instructors from across a university's postgraduate curriculum. Students often devise unique courses of study to suit their individual interests, passion, and scholarly curiosity. Typically liberal arts graduate programs are designed to counter the trend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7275512", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor of Philosophy\"\nand in Germany and elsewhere in Europe the basic faculty of liberal arts was known as the \"\"faculty of philosophy\"\". The degree is abbreviated PhD (sometimes Ph.D. in North America), from the Latin \"\"Philosophiae Doctor\"\", pronounced as three separate letters (). The abbreviation DPhil, from the English 'Doctor of Philosophy', is used by a small number of British and Commonwealth universities, including Oxford and formerly York and Sussex, as the abbreviation for degrees from those institutions. In the universities of Medieval Europe, study was organized in four faculties: the basic faculty of arts, and the three higher faculties of theology,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956893", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\n\"\"trivium\"\". In the Renaissance, the Italian humanists and their Northern counterparts, despite in many respects continuing the traditions of the Middle Ages, reversed that process. Re-christening the old trivium with a new and more ambitious name: , and also increasing its scope, they downplayed logic as opposed to the traditional Latin grammar and rhetoric, and added to them history, Greek, and moral philosophy (ethics), with a new emphasis on poetry as well. The educational curriculum of humanism spread throughout Europe during the sixteenth century and became the educational foundation for the schooling of European elites, the functionaries of political administration,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956895", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\ntheology, history, art, literature, and the social sciences. Wesleyan University's Master of Arts in Liberal Studies program includes courses in visual arts, art history, creative and professional writing, literature, history, mathematics, film, government, education, biology, psychology, and astronomy. The liberal arts education at the secondary school level prepares the student for higher education at a university. They are thus meant for the more academically minded students. In addition to the usual curriculum, students of a liberal arts education often study Latin and Ancient Greek. Some liberal arts education provide general education, others have a specific focus. (This also differs from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761049", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nto increased study of both Ancient Greek and Latin. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, liberal education focused mostly on the classics. Commoners, however, were not too keen on studying the classics, so they instead took up vernacular languages and literature, and also the sciences. Until at least the twentieth century, both humanist and classicist influences remained in the liberal education, and proponents of a progressive education also embraced the humanist philosophy. Study of the classics continued in the form of the Great Books program. Robert Maynard Hutchins brought this program to the University of Chicago. Upon Hutchins' resignation, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761051", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nstudents elsewhere started to take professional courses in the first or second year of study. In the early twentieth century, American liberal arts colleges still required students to pursue a common curriculum, whereas public universities allowed a student to move on to more pragmatic courses after having taken general education courses for the first two years of study. As an emphasis on specialized knowledge grew in the middle of the century, colleges began to adjust the proportion of required general education courses to those required for a particular major. As University of Chicago professor Martha Nussbaum points out, standardized testing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15145872", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nare exclusively undergraduate, some also offer graduate programs that lead to a master's degree or doctoral degree in subjects such as business administration, nursing, medicine, and law. Similarly, although the term \"\"liberal arts college\"\" most commonly refers to an independent institution, it may also sometimes refer to a university college within or affiliated with a larger university. Most liberal arts colleges outside the United States follow this model. Liberal arts colleges are distinguished from other types of higher education chiefly by their generalist curricula and small size. These attributes have various secondary effects in terms of administration as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11479422", "chunk_text": "Quadrivium\nQuadrivium The quadrivium (plural: quadrivia) is the four subjects, or arts, taught after teaching the trivium. The word is Latin, meaning \"\"four ways\"\", and its use for the four subjects has been attributed to Boethius or Cassiodorus in the 6th century. Together, the trivium and the quadrivium comprised the seven liberal arts (based on thinking skills), as distinguished from the practical arts (such as medicine and architecture). The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. These followed the preparatory work of the trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric. In turn, the quadrivium was considered the foundation for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148591", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nCollege is a well-known liberal arts college, in addition to several small liberal arts colleges in the northeastern part of the United States. In addition, most four-year colleges are not devoted exclusively or primarily to liberal arts degrees, but offer a liberal arts degree, and allow students not majoring in liberal arts to take courses to satisfy distribution requirements in liberal arts. Traditionally, a bachelor's degree either in liberal arts in general or in one particular area within liberal arts, with substantial study outside that main area, is earned over four years of full-time study. However, some universities such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761042", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nColleges and Universities. Usually global and pluralistic in scope, it can include a general education curriculum which provides broad exposure to multiple disciplines and learning strategies in addition to in-depth study in at least one academic area. Liberal education was advocated in the 19th century by thinkers such as John Henry Newman, Thomas Huxley, and F. D. Maurice. Sir Wilfred Griffin Eady defined liberal education as being education for its own sake and personal enrichment, with the teaching of values. The decline of liberal education is often attributed to mobilization during the Second World War. The premium and emphasis placed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6070486", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal Arts, Inc.\"\nLiberal Arts, Inc. Liberal Arts, Inc. was the name of an unsuccessful corporation founded in late 1946, which intended to create a Great Books-based liberal arts college in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. It is notable for failing despite the involvement of four educators of stellar reputation, and an offer of an apparently generous endowment, later withdrawn under unclear circumstances. In 1937, Stringfellow Barr and Scott Buchanan successfully established the Great Books curriculum at St. John's College Annapolis, Maryland, which continues to the present day. In 1946, Barr resigned the presidency of that institution \"\"with the hearty good wishes of the board of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761043", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nupon mathematics, science, and technical training caused the loss of its prominent position in higher education studies. However, it became central to much undergraduate education in the United States in the mid-20th century, being conspicuous in the movement for 'general education'. The American Association for the Advancement of Science describes a liberal education in this way: \"\"Ideally, a liberal education produces persons who are open-minded and free from provincialism, dogma, preconception, and ideology; conscious of their opinions and judgments; reflective of their actions; and aware of their place in the social and natural worlds.\"\" Liberally educated people are skeptical of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14937298", "chunk_text": "\"Magister degree\"\nMagister degree A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from , \"\"teacher\"\") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education. The magister degree arose in mediaeval universities in Europe and was originally equal to the doctorate; while the doctorate was originally conferred in theology, law and medicine, the magister degree was usually conferred in the liberal arts, broadly known as \"\"philosophy\"\" in continental Europe, which encompassed all other academic subjects. In some countries, the title has retained this original meaning until the modern age, while in other countries, magister has become the title of a lower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3932484", "chunk_text": "\"Master of Arts in Liberal Studies\"\nMaster of Arts in Liberal Studies The Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (ALM, MLA, MLS, or MALS) is a graduate degree that aims to provide both depth and breadth of study in the liberal arts. It is by nature an interdisciplinary program, generally pulling together coursework from a number of disciplines such as behavioral sciences, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences designed to train students to think critically and contextually about their own fields of discipline as well a diverse range of issues. Similar graduate degrees are known as Master of Liberal Arts (MLA), Master of Liberal Studies (MLS),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12611875", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nin Australia. Campion offers a Bachelor of Arts in the Liberal Arts as its sole undergraduate degree. The key disciplines studied are history, literature, philosophy, and theology. In 1936 St. John's College changed its curriculum to focus on the Great Books of Western Civilization in order to provide a new sort of education that separated itself from the increasingly specialized nature of higher schooling. This was one of the first instances of a revival for the more classical approach to the Liberal Arts as expounded by Plato and Cicero. Later in the 1960s, in response to the sexual revolution and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9261372", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\nCalifornia, and the Ohio Five, but similar institutions are found all over the country. Most are private institutions, but a handful of public liberal arts schools exist (such as the University of Mary Washington, and New Saint Andrews College in Moscow, Idaho). Liberal arts colleges are also found in Canada, including Mount Allison University, Bishop's University, and St. Thomas University. With the exception of pioneering institutions such as Franklin University Switzerland, established as a Europe-based, US-style liberal arts college in 1969, Saint Louis University Madrid Campus, established in 1967, and Richmond, The American International University in London, established in 1972", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9261800", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts college\"\ncollege located in the western suburbs of Sydney. Founded in 2006, it is the first tertiary educational liberal arts college of its kind in Australia. Campion offers a Bachelor of Arts in the Liberal Arts as its sole undergraduate degree. The key disciplines studied are history, literature, philosophy and theology. Liberal arts college A liberal arts college or liberal arts institution of higher education is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences. Such colleges aim to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2864196", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor of Liberal Studies\"\nthe Doctor of Liberal Studies establishes the intellectual and scholarly context needed to carry out serious interdisciplinary study and research in ethics and crucial issues in contemporary thought. Graduates of the program typically return to their established career domains, including national security, journalism, health care, education, law and other areas. A growing number has also secured respected university positions, including those on the tenure-track and in higher education administration. Doctor of Liberal Studies The Doctor of Liberal Studies degree, abbreviated (D.L.S.), for the Latin Doctor Liberalium Studiorum, is an advanced academic degree offered by Georgetown University, Southern Methodist University, University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "325489", "chunk_text": "\"Artes Mechanicae\"\nnot come from good families. Related phrases, \"\"useful arts,\"\" or \"\"applied arts\"\" probably encompass the mechanic arts as well as craftsmanship in general. The most famous usage of the term \"\"mechanic arts\"\" (and the one in which it is most commonly encountered today) is in the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act. Artes Mechanicae Artes Mechanicae or mechanical arts, are a medieval concept of ordered practices or skills, often juxtaposed to the traditional seven liberal arts Artes liberales. Also called \"\"servile\"\" and \"\"vulgar\"\", from antiquity they had been deemed unbecoming for a free man, as ministering to baser needs. Johannes Scotus Eriugena", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12611870", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal arts education\"\nBard College Berlin) was founded in Berlin and in 2009 it introduced a four-year Bachelor of Arts program in Value Studies taught in English, leading to an interdisciplinary degree in the humanities. In England, the first institution to retrieve and update a liberal arts education at the undergraduate level was the University of Winchester with their BA (Hons) Modern Liberal Arts programme which launched in 2010. In 2012, University College London began its interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences BASc degree (which has kinship with the liberal arts model) with 80 students. King's College London launched the BA Liberal Arts, which has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "827440", "chunk_text": "\"The arts\"\nexpresses religious ideas through geometry instead. In the Middle Ages, the \"\"Artes Liberales\"\" (liberal arts) were taught in universities as part of the Trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammar, rhetoric, and logic, and of the Quadrivium, a curriculum involving the \"\"mathematical arts\"\" of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. The \"\"Artes Mechanicae\"\" (consisting of \"\"vestiaria –\"\" tailoring and weaving; \"\"agricultura\"\" – agriculture; \"\"architectura\"\" – architecture and masonry; \"\"militia\"\" and \"\"venatoria –\"\" warfare, hunting, military education, and the martial arts; \"\"mercatura\"\" – trade; \"\"coquinaria\"\" – cooking; and \"\"metallaria\"\" – blacksmithing and metallurgy) were practised and developed in guild environments. The modern distinction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10489784", "chunk_text": "\"De La Salle University College of Liberal Arts\"\nDe La Salle University College of Liberal Arts The College of Liberal Arts (CLA) of De La Salle University, formerly known as the College of Arts and Sciences was founded in 1918. In 1982, the College of Arts and Sciences was split into two colleges, the College of Liberal Arts, and the College of Science. The CLA provides Lasallians with a liberal education enough to develop the student in humanities and the social sciences. The college is now the most populous in the university, following the split of the College of Business and Economics into the College of Business and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761044", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\ntheir own traditions; they are trained to think for themselves rather than conform to higher authorities. It also cultivates \"\"active citizenship\"\" through off-campus community service, internships, research, and study abroad. Some faculty see this movement towards \"\"civic engagement\"\" as more pedagogically powerful than traditional classroom teaching, but opponents argue that the education occurring within an academic institution must be purely intellectual and scholarly. A liberal education combines an education in the classics, English literature, the humanities, and moral virtues. The term \"\"liberal education\"\" in the modern sense should not be confused with \"\"liberal arts education\"\"; the latter deals with academic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13471537", "chunk_text": "\"Academic degree\"\nadopted by the English universities of Oxford and Cambridge, as well as the ancient Scottish universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh. In the medieval European universities, candidates who had completed three or four years of study in the prescribed texts of the \"\"trivium\"\" (grammar, rhetoric and logic) and the \"\"quadrivium\"\" (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music), together known as the Liberal Arts and who had successfully passed examinations held by their master, would be admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, from the Latin , a term previously used of a squire (i.e., apprentice) to a knight. Further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2864194", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor of Liberal Studies\"\nDoctor of Liberal Studies The Doctor of Liberal Studies degree, abbreviated (D.L.S.), for the Latin Doctor Liberalium Studiorum, is an advanced academic degree offered by Georgetown University, Southern Methodist University, University of Memphis and other research universities. Doctor of Liberal Studies programs are typically geared for accomplished professionals seeking a rigorous interdisciplinary academic program that can be tailored to their established expertise. Admissions to D.L.S. programs are very competitive, and cohorts typically consist of six to 15 students. All D.L.S. candidates already hold advanced degrees, typically more than one. The D.L.S. is a research doctorate that prepares students to make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14761054", "chunk_text": "\"Liberal education\"\nof students in the United States. Liberal education revived three times in the United States during periods of industrialization and shifts of social preoccupations—before World War I, after World War II, and in the late 1970s—perhaps as a reaction against overspecialization in undergraduate curricula. Currently, pressures from employers, parents and governments have defined the type of education offered at educational institutions. Such trends have curtailed the role of education offered in America. Universities have now provided education for the sole purpose to prepare students for the workforce. This idea has negatively influenced the credibility of liberal education which has impacted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5362544", "chunk_text": "\"Bachelor of Laws\"\nfor a plural, especially from Latin, is often done by doubling the first letter (e.g., \"\"pp\"\" for \"\"pages\"\"), It is sometimes erroneously called \"\"Bachelor of Legal Letters\"\" to account for the double \"\"L\"\". The bachelor's degree originated at the University of Paris, whose system was implemented at Oxford and Cambridge. The \"\"arts\"\" designation of the degree traditionally signifies that the student has undertaken a certain amount of study of the classics. In continental Europe the bachelor's degree was phased out in the 18th or early 19th century but it continued at Oxford and Cambridge. The teaching of law at Oxford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_710	who heads the executive department of west virginia government?	n/a	[ "the Governor of West Virginia", "the governor of West Virginia", "Jim Justice" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18663341", "chunk_text": "\"Government of West Virginia\"\ntwo-year terms and are up for election in even-numbered years, elected from 67 districts that elect a varying number of members. The chief executive of West Virginia is the governor of West Virginia, who is elected to a four-year term at the same time as presidential elections. The governor is sworn in the January following the November election. A governor may only serve two consecutive terms. A governor may run for a third term, but an interceding election must occur. Democrat Jim Justice was elected governor in 2016, defeating Bill Cole in the general election. In addition to the governor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6968226", "chunk_text": "\"Secretary of State of West Virginia\"\nSecretary of State of West Virginia The Secretary of State of West Virginia is an elected office within the U.S. state of West Virginia state government. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing the state's election process, including voter registration and election results reporting. The current Secretary of State is Republican Mac Warner. The Office of Secretary of State is a publicly elected statewide position with elections held every four years. Elections are held in November and officers assume their duties the following January. There are no term limits for the office. If the office of secretary of state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18663338", "chunk_text": "\"Government of West Virginia\"\nGovernment of West Virginia The Government of West Virginia is modeled after the Government of the United States, with three branches: the executive, consisting of the Governor of West Virginia and the other elected constitutional officers; the legislative, consisting of the West Virginia Legislature which includes the Senate and the House of Delegates; and the judicial, consisting of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and lower courts. The capital and seat of government in West Virginia is the city of Charleston, located in the southwest area of the state. Like all states except Nebraska, West Virginia has a bicameral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2870689", "chunk_text": "\"President of the West Virginia Senate\"\nPresident of the West Virginia Senate The President of the West Virginia Senate is a member of the West Virginia Senate who has been elected to be its president by the other senators. The current Senate President is Mitch Carmichael, who has been in office since January 2017. In addition to serving as the Senate's presiding officer, the Senate President is also first in the line of succession to the office of Governor of West Virginia. As stated in Article 7, Section 16 of the West Virginia Constitution: \"\"In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18818459", "chunk_text": "\"Mac Warner\"\nGovernor of West Virginia. Mac Warner Mac Warner (born 1954/55) is the West Virginia Secretary of State. He took office January 16, 2017, having won the general election in November 2016 against incumbent Democrat Natalie Tennant. Warner is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point; and holds a law degree from West Virginia University and LL.M. degrees from the Judge Advocate General's School in Military Law; and from the University of Virginia in International Law. Before entering politics, Warner served in the United States Army in the Judge Advocate General Corps until retirement, and a United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6968229", "chunk_text": "\"Secretary of State of West Virginia\"\nBelow is a list of West Virginia's Secretaries of State since 1863: Secretary of State of West Virginia The Secretary of State of West Virginia is an elected office within the U.S. state of West Virginia state government. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing the state's election process, including voter registration and election results reporting. The current Secretary of State is Republican Mac Warner. The Office of Secretary of State is a publicly elected statewide position with elections held every four years. Elections are held in November and officers assume their duties the following January. There are no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8581586", "chunk_text": "\"Gayle Conelly Manchin\"\nGayle Conelly Manchin Gayle Conelly Manchin (born June 20, 1947) is an American educator, politician, former First Lady of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010, and a former member of the West Virginia Board of Education from 2007-2015, having served for 2 years as the board's President. Manchin most recently served as the West Virginia Secretary of Education and the Arts from 2017 until her termination in March 2018. She is the wife of former Governor and current U.S. Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia. Gayle Manchin was raised in Beckley, West Virginia and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "731813", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Morrisey\"\ncast. Morrisey moved to Jefferson County, West Virginia in 2006. His wife, Denise, lives in northern Virginia, where she cared for her elderly father before his death in late 2017. Denise works as a lobbyist, and lobbied against restrictions on hydrocodone on behalf of Cardinal Health. Patrick Morrisey Patrick James Morrisey (born December 21, 1967) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 34th and current Attorney General of West Virginia since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. Morrisey was elected Attorney General of West Virginia in 2012, becoming the first Republican to serve in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "731772", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Morrisey\"\nPatrick Morrisey Patrick James Morrisey (born December 21, 1967) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 34th and current Attorney General of West Virginia since 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. Morrisey was elected Attorney General of West Virginia in 2012, becoming the first Republican to serve in the role since 1933. Running for the United States Senate in 2018, Morrisey won the Republican Party nomination and was defeated by incumbent Democratic Senator Joe Manchin in the November general election. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Morrisey grew up in Edison, New Jersey. His father was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115003", "chunk_text": "\"Earl Ray Tomblin\"\nEarl Ray Tomblin Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who served as the 35th Governor of West Virginia from 2011 to 2017 as a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to becoming governor, Tomblin served as President of the West Virginia Senate for almost 17 years. Tomblin became acting governor in November 2010 following Joe Manchin's election to the U.S. Senate. He won a special election in October 2011 to fill the unexpired term ending in January 2013 and was elected to a first full term as governor in November 2012. Tomblin was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17420299", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Justice\"\nJim Justice James Conley Justice II (born April 27, 1951) is an American coal mining and agriculture businessman and politician serving the 36th and current Governor of West Virginia since 2017. With a net worth of around $1.9 billion, he is the wealthiest person in West Virginia. He inherited a coal mining business from his father and successfully built a massive business empire with over 50 companies, including The Greenbrier, a luxury resort. Justice is one of the few billionaires from the State of West Virginia. In 2015, Justice switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party and announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2261697", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Justice\"\nJim Justice James Conley Justice II (born April 27, 1951) is an American coal mining and agriculture businessman and politician serving the 36th and current Governor of West Virginia since 2017. With a net worth of around $1.9 billion, he is the wealthiest person in West Virginia. He inherited a coal mining business from his father and successfully built a massive business empire with over 50 companies, including The Greenbrier, a luxury resort. Justice is one of the few billionaires from the State of West Virginia. In 2015, Justice switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party and announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18663344", "chunk_text": "\"Government of West Virginia\"\njustices. Justices must have practiced law for at least ten years. The five justices are elected in partisan elections to 12-year terms. The current justices are Justice Brent Benjamin, Justice Robin Davis, Justice Margaret Workman, Justice Allen Loughry, and Justice Menis Ketchum. By tradition, the position of \"\"Chief Justice\"\" rotates yearly. It primarily brings extra administrative duties. Most recently, all members of the Supreme Court were impeached. From the 1930s through the 1990s, West Virginia's politics were largely dominated by the Democratic Party, and Democrats still dominate most local and state offices. West Virginia also has a very strong tradition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115009", "chunk_text": "\"Earl Ray Tomblin\"\nYorker and graduate of Marshall University, who served as the president of Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College from 1999 to 2015. They reside in Chapmanville and have one son, Brent. Tomblin attends the First Presbyterian Church of Logan. Earl Ray Tomblin Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who served as the 35th Governor of West Virginia from 2011 to 2017 as a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to becoming governor, Tomblin served as President of the West Virginia Senate for almost 17 years. Tomblin became acting governor in November 2010 following Joe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6829366", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia Senate\"\nown president from its membership. Mitch Carmichael is currently the President of the West Virginia Senate. While the West Virginia Constitution does not create or even mention the title of lieutenant governor, West Virginia Code 6A-1-4 creates this designation for the Senate President, who stands first in the line of succession to the office of governor. As stated in Article 7 Section 16 of the constitution: \"\"In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation, or other disability of the governor, the president of the Senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled, or the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18818456", "chunk_text": "\"Mac Warner\"\nMac Warner Mac Warner (born 1954/55) is the West Virginia Secretary of State. He took office January 16, 2017, having won the general election in November 2016 against incumbent Democrat Natalie Tennant. Warner is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point; and holds a law degree from West Virginia University and LL.M. degrees from the Judge Advocate General's School in Military Law; and from the University of Virginia in International Law. Before entering politics, Warner served in the United States Army in the Judge Advocate General Corps until retirement, and a United States Department of State", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11253609", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Manchin\"\nJoe Manchin Joseph Manchin III (born August 24, 1947) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from West Virginia, a seat he has held since 2010. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th governor of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010 and the 27th secretary of state of West Virginia from 2001 to 2005. Manchin has been known throughout his career to be a moderate—or even conservative—Democrat, a fact which has allowed him to win elections in West Virginia even as the state shifted from one of the most heavily Democratic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8581592", "chunk_text": "\"Gayle Conelly Manchin\"\nthe office of Department Secretary vacant. Gayle Conelly Manchin Gayle Conelly Manchin (born June 20, 1947) is an American educator, politician, former First Lady of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010, and a former member of the West Virginia Board of Education from 2007-2015, having served for 2 years as the board's President. Manchin most recently served as the West Virginia Secretary of Education and the Arts from 2017 until her termination in March 2018. She is the wife of former Governor and current U.S. Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia. Gayle Manchin was raised in Beckley, West Virginia and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8394308", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Ireland\"\nBetty Ireland Betty Ireland (born 1946) was the 28th Secretary of State of West Virginia from 2005-2009, serving as the first woman elected to the executive branch of West Virginia state government. She was also the first Republican elected to that position since 1972. Ireland did not seek a second term in 2008 due to her parents' health. On December 30, 2010, Ireland announced she would run for Governor during the 2011 special election. However she was unsuccessful in this pursuit. Early in her career, Ireland spent several years teaching in the West Virginia public school system. Eventually, she entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6502591", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia\"\n2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia The 2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of West Virginia, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. On May 8, 2018, the Republican primary voters of the state nominated West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey as the Republican candidate. In the general election, incumbent Democratic Senator Joe Manchin defeated Morrisey and was elected to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13341386", "chunk_text": "\"2011 West Virginia gubernatorial special election\"\n2011 West Virginia gubernatorial special election The 2011 West Virginia gubernatorial election was a special election held on October 4, 2011 to fill the office of the West Virginia Governor. The office became vacant upon the resignation of Governor Joe Manchin, who was elected to fill the seat of Robert Byrd in the United States Senate in 2010 following Byrd's death. State Senate President Earl Ray Tomblin, first in the line of succession, became acting governor in 2010 after Manchin took up the Senate seat. On January 18, 2011, the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals ruled that a special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385961", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia State Capitol\"\nthe Capitol are arranged through the West Virginia Culture Center. At a height of , the State Capitol is the tallest building in West Virginia. West Virginia State Capitol The West Virginia State Capitol is the seat of government for the U.S. state of West Virginia, and houses the West Virginia Legislature and the office of the Governor of West Virginia. Located in Charleston, West Virginia, the building was dedicated in 1932. Along with the West Virginia Executive Mansion it is part of the West Virginia Capitol Complex, a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2870691", "chunk_text": "\"President of the West Virginia Senate\"\nVirginia Code chapter 6A, section 1-4(b), which says \"\"the president of the Senate shall be additionally designated the title of lieutenant governor\"\". Earl Ray Tomblin was the first Senate president to thus have the title Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia. The Presidents of the West Virginia Senate since 1863: \"\"#Concurrently served as Acting Governor of West Virginia from November 15, 2010, until inaugurated as Governor on November 13, 2011. During this time, the West Virginia Senate named Jeffrey V. Kessler as Acting President of the Senate.\"\" President of the West Virginia Senate The President of the West Virginia Senate is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "752523", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Cole (politician)\"\nBill Cole (politician) William Paul \"\"Bill\"\" Cole III (born May 16, 1956) is an American businessman, politician and a former Republican member of the West Virginia Senate, representing the 6th district from 2013 to 2017. He was the President of the Senate (and thus first in line to the governorship) from 2015 to 2017. Cole also served in the West Virginia House of Delegates from May 28, 2010, to January 12, 2011, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Delegate John Shott. Cole was the Republican nominee for West Virginia Governor in 2016, choosing to run for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4882618", "chunk_text": "\"2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election\"\nfull term in 2012. Under the West Virginia Constitution, a partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. The Democratic candidate, Jim Justice, a coal and agriculture businessman, won the open seat with a plurality of the vote, despite Republican Donald Trump simultaneously winning West Virginia in a landslide during the presidential election. Just seven months into his term as governor, Justice rejoined the Republican Party on August 4, 2017, after speaking at a Trump rally in the state. In November 2010, Democratic Governor Joe Manchin resigned after being elected to the U.S. Senate. Earl Ray Tomblin, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1110945", "chunk_text": "\"Michael B. Stuart\"\nsaid addressing the opioid epidemic would be a priority of his office. Michael B. Stuart Michael Bryan Stuart (born January 6, 1967) is an American attorney and the United States Attorney for the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia. He was sworn in on January 9, 2018. Prior to assuming his current role, he was a lawyer for the law firm of Steptoe & Johnson. In 2014, Stuart chaired the West Virginia Presidential Debate Commission. From 2010 to 2012, he served as chairman of the West Virginia Republican Party. Stuart chaired Trump's 2016 presidential campaign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18130806", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia Governor's Mansion\"\nWest Virginia Governor's Mansion The West Virginia Governor's Mansion (or West Virginia Executive Mansion) is a historic residence located next to the Kanawha River in Charleston, West Virginia and is the official residence of the Governor of West Virginia. The Colonial Revival (Georgian Revival) building was completed in 1925 by Charleston architect Walter F. Martens and is part of the West Virginia Capitol Complex, which also includes the West Virginia State Capitol. The building itself has a red brick exterior, with a columned portico at the entrance. The foyer was inspired by the White House, with checkered black-and-white marble flooring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2076755", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Burdette\"\nand commissions. Keith Burdette Keith Burdette was the Secretary of Commerce for the state of West Virginia under the administration of Governor Earl Ray Tomblin. Burdette holds many state and national awards and records as he served at such young ages in various roles such as a former Democratic President of the West Virginia Senate from Wood County serving from 1989 to 1995. After serving as chief of staff for Governor Wise, Burdette ran The Burdette Group, a West Virginia-based government relations and lobbying company, until his appointment as secretary. Keith Burdette's political education began early. He was a volunteer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2076750", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Burdette\"\nKeith Burdette Keith Burdette was the Secretary of Commerce for the state of West Virginia under the administration of Governor Earl Ray Tomblin. Burdette holds many state and national awards and records as he served at such young ages in various roles such as a former Democratic President of the West Virginia Senate from Wood County serving from 1989 to 1995. After serving as chief of staff for Governor Wise, Burdette ran The Burdette Group, a West Virginia-based government relations and lobbying company, until his appointment as secretary. Keith Burdette's political education began early. He was a volunteer for Jay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385950", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia State Capitol\"\nWest Virginia State Capitol The West Virginia State Capitol is the seat of government for the U.S. state of West Virginia, and houses the West Virginia Legislature and the office of the Governor of West Virginia. Located in Charleston, West Virginia, the building was dedicated in 1932. Along with the West Virginia Executive Mansion it is part of the West Virginia Capitol Complex, a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Prior to the American Civil War, the counties that would ultimately form West Virginia were a part of the state of Virginia; the state capital was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6276617", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia\"\nthe regular session. Legislators also gather periodically for 'special' sessions when called by the governor. The title of Lieutenant Governor is assigned by statute to the Senate President. The governor, elected every four years on the same day as the U.S. Presidential election, is sworn in during the following January. Governors of West Virginia can serve two consecutive terms but must sit out a term before serving a third term in office. The title of Lieutenant Governor is assigned by statute to the Senate President. West Virginia is one of nineteen states that do not have a death penalty, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5886851", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia\"\nOn July 11, 2018, due to the 2017-2018 expenses scandal (see below), Justice Ketchum resigned. This triggered the first special election held on November 6, 2018. The Governor filled the vacancy until the election by appointing Tim Armstead, the former state House Speaker. A total of 10 candidates filed for the seat. Tim Armstead, the appointee was elected with 26% of the vote, with Kanawha County Circuit Court judge Joanna I. Tabit receiving 22%, Eastern Panhandle Circuit Court Chief Judge Chris Wilkes receiving 13%, former State Senator Mark Hunt receiving 12%, and 6 remaining candidates splitting the remainder. Armstead will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20058984", "chunk_text": "\"E. Gordon Gee\"\nto Laurie Erickson of the Erickson Foundation. E. Gordon Gee Elwood Gordon Gee (born February 2, 1944) is an American academic and is currently serving his second term as President of West Virginia University. He has served as the chief executive at several universities in the United States, previously serving at Ohio State University. Gee had been heading an Ohio State-based think tank following his retirement from Ohio State presidency on July 1, 2013. He retired in response to a series of controversies relating to comments he made, the last of which involved anti-Catholic comments allegedly made in jest about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14246746", "chunk_text": "\"Michael B. Stuart\"\nMichael B. Stuart Michael Bryan Stuart (born January 6, 1967) is an American attorney and the United States Attorney for the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia. He was sworn in on January 9, 2018. Prior to assuming his current role, he was a lawyer for the law firm of Steptoe & Johnson. In 2014, Stuart chaired the West Virginia Presidential Debate Commission. From 2010 to 2012, he served as chairman of the West Virginia Republican Party. Stuart chaired Trump's 2016 presidential campaign in the state. Prior to his confirmation as a U.S. Attorney, Stuart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11690443", "chunk_text": "\"Gaston Caperton\"\nFrance on September 1, 2000. His second wife was the Musical Director/ Conductor of the Wheeling Symphony Orchestra, Rachael Worby. She and Caperton divorced in 1998. In 2003, he married his third wife Idit Harel Caperton, an Israeli-American, MIT PhD, Harvard EdM, education technology expert, mother of three, and the Founder and CEO of MaMaMedia and Globaloria. She and Caperton divorced in 2012. Gaston Caperton William Gaston Caperton III (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician who served as the 31st Governor of West Virginia from 1989 to 1997. He was president of the College Board, which administers the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11115005", "chunk_text": "\"Earl Ray Tomblin\"\nwas elected on January 3, 1995, as the 48th President of the West Virginia Senate. Having served in the position for almost seventeen years, he is the longest serving Senate President in West Virginia's history. Tomblin became the first Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia upon creation of the honorary designation in 2000. As a senator, he represented the 7th Senate District encompassing Boone, Lincoln, Logan, and Wayne counties. Tomblin began exercising the duties of governor when Joe Manchin resigned after being elected the state's U.S. Senator, filling the seat vacated by the late Senator Robert Byrd. Tomblin is the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20006919", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Armstead\"\nTim Armstead Tim Armstead, of Elkview, West Virginia (born February 26, 1965) is a Republican politician from West Virginia and is currently serving as a Justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. He formerly represented 40th District (Kanawha County) in the West Virginia House of Delegates. Armstead is originally from Clendenin, West Virginia. He is a graduate of the University of Charleston and West Virginia University College of Law. In 2015, Armstead became the first Republican Speaker of the House of Delegates in 84 years. On August 25, 2018 Governor Jim Justice appointed Armstead to fill the vacancy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10948646", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Thompson\"\nand West Virginia University College of Law. Rick Thompson Richard \"\"Rick\"\" Thompson (born October 2, 1952) is a former Democratic member of the West Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 17th District since 2000. He served as Speaker of the House from January 2007 to June 2013. He earlier served as a Delegate from 1981 through 1983. He unsuccessfully ran for Governor of West Virginia in 2011, coming in second place behind acting Governor Earl Ray Tomblin. Thompson resigned from the House of Delegates in June 2013 after being appointed by Tomblin to serve as West Virginia Secretary of Veterans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3673748", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia State Police\"\nwas the name of the organization: \"\"West Virginia Department of Public Safety\"\" was the official name until 1995 when the name was changed to \"\"West Virginia State Police\"\" during the legislative session. Like other state law enforcement agencies, West Virginia troopers enforce traffic laws statewide, investigate crimes and protect the governor and his immediate family. The superintendent of the West Virginia State Police is Colonel Jan Cahill with Lieutenant Colonel Dwayne Bowles and Major Vince Deeds serving under Colonel Cahill West Virginia State Police troopers wear a forest-green uniform and campaign hat. They receive their training at the West Virginia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2264029", "chunk_text": "\"E. Gordon Gee\"\nE. Gordon Gee Elwood Gordon Gee (born February 2, 1944) is an American academic and is currently serving his second term as President of West Virginia University. He has served as the chief executive at several universities in the United States, previously serving at Ohio State University. Gee had been heading an Ohio State-based think tank following his retirement from Ohio State presidency on July 1, 2013. He retired in response to a series of controversies relating to comments he made, the last of which involved anti-Catholic comments allegedly made in jest about the University of Notre Dame. His resignation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "146123", "chunk_text": "\"2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election\"\nin the Senate instead. 2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election The 2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 2016, to elect the Governor of West Virginia, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on May 10. Incumbent Democratic Governor Earl Ray Tomblin was barred from running for a second full term. He had ascended to the governorship upon Joe Manchin's election to the Senate in 2010, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15262410", "chunk_text": "\"2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election\"\n2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election The 2016 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 2016, to elect the Governor of West Virginia, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on May 10. Incumbent Democratic Governor Earl Ray Tomblin was barred from running for a second full term. He had ascended to the governorship upon Joe Manchin's election to the Senate in 2010, and was elected to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20043446", "chunk_text": "\"Allen Loughry\"\nspending, the House of Delegates, on the recommendation of the House Judiciary Committee, voted to impeach Loughry and justices Davis, Workman and Beth Walker on August 13, 2018 \"\"for maladministration, corruption, incompetency, neglect of duty, and certain high crimes and misdemeanors\"\". The fifth Supreme Court Judge, Menis Ketchum, had already pled guilty to wire fraud and resigned. On November 9, 2018, Governor Jim Justice called the West Virginia Legislature into another special session to correct the procedural errors of the prior impeachment proceedings. On November 12, 2018—one day before the state legislature was to convene in special session to consider", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10948645", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Thompson\"\nRick Thompson Richard \"\"Rick\"\" Thompson (born October 2, 1952) is a former Democratic member of the West Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 17th District since 2000. He served as Speaker of the House from January 2007 to June 2013. He earlier served as a Delegate from 1981 through 1983. He unsuccessfully ran for Governor of West Virginia in 2011, coming in second place behind acting Governor Earl Ray Tomblin. Thompson resigned from the House of Delegates in June 2013 after being appointed by Tomblin to serve as West Virginia Secretary of Veterans Assistance. Thompson holds degrees from Marshall University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19964336", "chunk_text": "\"Natalie Tennant\"\nNatalie Tennant Natalie E. Tennant (born December 25, 1967) is an American politician who served as the Secretary of State of West Virginia from 2009 to 2017. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Tennant was the 2014 Democratic Party nominee for West Virginia's open U.S. Senate seat, she lost to Republican Shelley Moore Capito. In 2016 she was defeated for re-election by Republican Andrew 'Mac' Warner, and left office on January 16, 2017. Prior to her election as Secretary of State, Tennant was a television reporter and co-owner of a video production company. Tennant grew up on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18663339", "chunk_text": "\"Government of West Virginia\"\nstate legislature, the West Virginia Legislature. The lower house is the West Virginia House of Delegates and the upper house is the Senate. The West Virginia Legislature is a citizen's legislature or part-time legislature. The West Virginia Constitution imposes a limit of 60 calendar days the length of the regular session. Regular sessions of the Legislature commence on the second Wednesday of January of each year; following the election of a new governor, the session starts in January with the governor's address but then adjourns until February. The session may be extended by concurrent resolution adopted by a two-thirds vote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19961319", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Kessler\"\nrates of neighboring states and comparing West Virginia's \"\"arbitrarily low\"\" rates to government subsidies for smokers. Jeff Kessler Jeffrey Vincent \"\"Jeff\"\" Kessler (born November 16, 1955) is a former Democratic member of the West Virginia Senate in the United States, representing the 2nd district from 1997 to 2017. He is the former Minority Leader of the Senate. Kessler previously served as President of the Senate/Lieutenant Governor, Acting President of the Senate and Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Kessler is also involved in private practice, where he is a partner in the law firm Berry, Kessler, Crutchfield, Taylor & Gordon. Kessler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14895738", "chunk_text": "\"Government of Virginia\"\nGovernment of Virginia The government of Virginia combines the three branches of authority in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The current Governor of Virginia is Ralph Northam. The State Capitol building in Richmond was designed by Thomas Jefferson, and the cornerstone was laid by Governor Patrick Henry in 1785. Virginia currently functions under the 1971 Constitution of Virginia. It is the Commonwealth's seventh constitution. Under the Constitution, the government is composed of three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial. The statewide elected officials are governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general. All three officers are separately elected to four-year terms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16577055", "chunk_text": "\"Don Blankenship\"\nDon Blankenship Donald Leon Blankenship (born March 14, 1950) is an American business executive and candidate for the United States Senate in West Virginia in 2018. He was Chairman and CEO of the Massey Energy Company—the sixth largest coal company (by 2008 production) in the United States—from 2000 until his retirement in 2010. On December 3, 2015, Blankenship was found guilty of one misdemeanor charge of conspiring to willfully violate mine safety and health standards in relation to the Upper Big Branch Mine explosion. On August 14, 2018, Blankenship's campaign for Senate made a statement outlining claims that the US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14375177", "chunk_text": "\"West Virginia University\"\nofficials. SGA members represent student interests in university affairs, enacting resolutions and policies related to student and campus life at WVU. The organization leadership is composed of the President and Vice President acting as an executive body. The President of the Student Body also serves as a full voting member of the university's Board of Governors. For the 2017-2018 academic year, the Student Body President and Vice President are Blake Humphrey and Shannon Smith, respectively. Other positions include the Attorney General, Treasurer, Communications Director, and Elections Chair. The 35-member Student Assembly has at-large Student Senators and College Representatives which comprise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_711	how long is the bridge between new brunswick and prince edward island?	n/a	[ "12.9-kilometre" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254197", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Bridge\"\nConfederation Bridge The Confederation Bridge () spans the Abegweit Passage of Northumberland Strait. It links Prince Edward Island with mainland New Brunswick, Canada. Before its official naming, Prince Edward Islanders often referred to the bridge as the \"\"Fixed Link\"\". Construction took place from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost C$1.3 billion. The bridge opened on May 31, 1997. The bridge is a two-lane toll bridge that carries the Trans-Canada Highway between Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island (at Route 1) and Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick (at Route 16). It is a multi-span balanced cantilever bridge with a post-tensioned concrete box girder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3456271", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Edward Island\"\nfavour of an agreement with the federal government to improve major highways. Until 1997, the province was linked by two passenger-vehicle ferry services to the mainland: one, provided by Marine Atlantic, operated year-round between Borden and Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick; the other, provided by Northumberland Ferries Limited, operates seasonally between Wood Islands and Caribou, Nova Scotia. A third ferry service provided by CTMA operates all year round with seasonal times between Souris and Cap-aux-Meules, Quebec, in the Magdalen Islands. On June 1, 1997, the Confederation Bridge opened, connecting Borden-Carleton to Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick. The world's longest bridge over ice-covered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16236838", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Bridge\"\nfrom 1997 to 2006 that featured a likeness of the Confederation Bridge between the serial number. With valid registration, these plates remain visible on the road today. Confederation Bridge The Confederation Bridge () spans the Abegweit Passage of Northumberland Strait. It links Prince Edward Island with mainland New Brunswick, Canada. Before its official naming, Prince Edward Islanders often referred to the bridge as the \"\"Fixed Link\"\". Construction took place from October 1993 to May 1997 and cost C$1.3 billion. The bridge opened on May 31, 1997. The bridge is a two-lane toll bridge that carries the Trans-Canada Highway between Borden-Carleton,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "230064", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Jourimain\"\nCape Jourimain Cape Jourimain is an area comprising two islands and a section of mainland along the southwestern shore of the Northumberland Strait, three kilometres west of New Brunswick's easternmost point at Cape Tormentine. The two islands, Jourimain and Trenholm, have been connected to the mainland since 1966 by an artificial causeway. Cape Jourimain is the historic crossing point from New Brunswick (NB) to Prince Edward Island (PEI) and is host to the western end of the Confederation Bridge, Canada's longest fixed-link crossing. In 1980, the two islands, including a section of mainland, were designated as a National Wildlife Area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13599840", "chunk_text": "\"Northumberland Ferries Limited\"\nonly when exiting Prince Edward Island; the round-trip fares (Effective 1 May 2014) will be C$69.00 for automobiles, $40.00 for motorcycles, $20.00 for bicycles, $18.00 for adult passengers (13–59 years of age) and $16 for seniors (60+). Children under 12 years of age receive free passage. The other major Northumberland Strait crossing, the Confederation Bridge from Prince Edward Island to New Brunswick, charges its toll only when exiting Prince Edward Island as well. Therefore, travellers entering the island on the ferry and exiting on the bridge or \"\"vice versa\"\" only need pay for one of the links. As an interprovincial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254198", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Bridge\"\nstructure. Most of the curved bridge is above water with a navigation span for ship traffic. The bridge rests on 62 piers, of which the 44 main piers are apart. The bridge is wide. The speed limit on the bridge is but can vary with wind and weather conditions. When travelling at the speed limit, it takes about 12 minutes to cross the bridge. Tolls only apply when leaving Prince Edward Island (when traveling westbound). The toll rates are $47.00 for a two-axle automobile and $8.00 for each additional axle. Motorcycles are charged $18.50. While pedestrians and cyclists are not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254199", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Bridge\"\npermitted to cross the bridge, a shuttle service is available. Before 2006, the shuttle was free and since January 1, 2015, the service has charged $4.25 per pedestrian or $8.75 per cyclist when leaving Prince Edward Island. The other major Northumberland Strait crossing, Wood Islands Ferry from Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island to Caribou, Nova Scotia, charges when leaving Prince Edward Island. Other ferry fares include $20.00 per adult pedestrian, $40.00 per motorcycle, and $20.00 per bicycle. Travellers, whether entering the island by bridge and leaving by ferry or \"\"vice versa\"\" only pay for leaving the island. Various proposals for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10607812", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick Route 16\"\nNew Brunswick Route 16 Route 16 is a 2-lane highway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The route begins at a T intersection with Aulac Road at Aulac and ends at the western abutment of the Confederation Bridge at Cape Jourimain. It functions as a secondary leg of the Trans-Canada Highway to connect Prince Edward Island with the mainline Trans-Canada Highway Route 2 in Aulac. Route 16 is the last section of the Trans-Canada in New Brunswick that is not 4-lanes with no plans in the near future to be 4 lanes. The highway number \"\"16\"\" is also the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7742286", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick\"\nCape Tormentine, New Brunswick Cape Tormentine is a village in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It is located on the Northumberland Strait at the Abegweit Passage, the shortest crossing between Prince Edward Island and the mainland. It once flourished as a transportation hub between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island but has been in decline since 1997 when the ferry service was closed due to the opening of the Confederation Bridge. At the Canada 2011 Census the population was 108, three quarters what it was at the 2006 census. Cape Tormentine is named for the eponymous cape. As an unincorporated community,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1765539", "chunk_text": "\"MV Holiday Island\"\nmeasures 99.06 metres in length, 20.9 metres in beam, and displaces 2775 tons. She has a capacity for 485 passengers and 155 vehicles or 16 tractor trailers. She is a sister ship to the MV \"\"Vacationland\"\". CNR changed the name of its ferry services to CN Marine in 1977 and then to Marine Atlantic in 1986. \"\"Holiday Island\"\" served on a service at the western end of the Northumberland Strait, crossing at Abegweit Passage, between the ports of Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick and Port Borden, Prince Edward Island. The opening of the Confederation Bridge on June 1, 1997 saw Marine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14491028", "chunk_text": "\"Hartland Bridge\"\nHartland Bridge The Hartland Bridge in Hartland, New Brunswick, is the world's longest covered bridge, at long. It crosses the Saint John River from Hartland to Somerville, New Brunswick, Canada. The framework consists of seven small Howe Truss bridges joined together on six piers. Before the bridge, the only way to cross the Saint John River was by ferry. Plans and specifications of the bridge began in 1898 and the bridge was constructed in 1901 by the Hartland Bridge Company. On May 13, 1901, Dr. Estey was the first person to cross the bridge before its scheduled opening, because he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14491032", "chunk_text": "\"Hartland Bridge\"\nused by horse and wagon, couples would stop half-way across to share a kiss. The first wedding on the bridge was celebrated in September 1992 between Charmaine Laffoley and Dana Hunt from Toronto. It is thought by some locals to be good luck to hold one's breath the entire way across while driving. Hartland Bridge The Hartland Bridge in Hartland, New Brunswick, is the world's longest covered bridge, at long. It crosses the Saint John River from Hartland to Somerville, New Brunswick, Canada. The framework consists of seven small Howe Truss bridges joined together on six piers. Before the bridge,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14758483", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Edward Island Route 1\"\nPrince Edward Island Route 1 Route 1 is a long provincial highway that serves as the Prince Edward Island section of the Trans-Canada Highway. Route 1 traverses the southern shores of Prince Edward Island, from the Confederation Bridge in Borden-Carleton to the Wood Islands ferry dock. It is an uncontrolled access 2-lane highway with a maximum speed limit of , except within some towns and the city of Charlottetown. Route 1 serves several towns and communities along the southern shore of Prince Edward Island, as well as bypassing the provincial capital, Charlottetown. The route begins at the northern end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7742287", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick\"\nit is part of the Bayfield local service district. For the purpose of Statistics Canada's census it is in Botsford Parish. Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick Cape Tormentine is a village in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It is located on the Northumberland Strait at the Abegweit Passage, the shortest crossing between Prince Edward Island and the mainland. It once flourished as a transportation hub between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island but has been in decline since 1997 when the ferry service was closed due to the opening of the Confederation Bridge. At the Canada 2011 Census the population was 108,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12250400", "chunk_text": "\"Centennial Bridge (New Brunswick)\"\nopening, \"\"Romeo & Juliet\"\" was moved to service a new route across Kennebecasis Bay between Summerville and Millidgeville near Saint John. The Bridge Queen and first to cross the bridge after it was opened was/is Phyllis Williston Bridges of similar construction in eastern Canada include the Seal Island Bridge and the Burton Bridge. Centennial Bridge (New Brunswick) Centennial Bridge is a steel through arch crossing the Miramichi River in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada. The bridge is 1.1 km long, and 240 feet high. It carries Route 11, Route 8, and Route 134 over the river, connecting Douglastown on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14758487", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Edward Island Route 1\"\nwill bypass the town of Cornwall, and is expected to be complete in 2019. Prince Edward Island Route 1A is a long spur route from Route 1 in Albany, north to a roundabout at Route 2 in Travellers Rest. Prince Edward Island Route 1 Route 1 is a long provincial highway that serves as the Prince Edward Island section of the Trans-Canada Highway. Route 1 traverses the southern shores of Prince Edward Island, from the Confederation Bridge in Borden-Carleton to the Wood Islands ferry dock. It is an uncontrolled access 2-lane highway with a maximum speed limit of , except", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4106679", "chunk_text": "\"Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge\"\nEdmundston–Madawaska Bridge The Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge is an international bridge which connects the cities of Edmundston, New Brunswick, in Canada and Madawaska, Maine, in the United States, across the Saint John River. The bridge consists of four steel through truss spans, each in length, for a total length of , which carries a two lane open steel grid deck roadway. The bridge was constructed in 1920, replacing a cable ferry, and opened in 1921. Its original asphalt and timber deck was replaced with the current steel grid deck in 1961. Transport Canada estimated the bridge's traffic at 759,803 vehicles annually in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16236798", "chunk_text": "\"Northumberland Strait\"\nthe central/western part of the strait across Abegweit Passage between Port Borden, Prince Edward Island and Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick. This service operated from October 1917 until May 1997. Owned by the Government of Canada, it was one of Canada's busiest ferry services and was operated by various federal Crown corporations (Canadian National Railways, CN Marine, Marine Atlantic). The ferry service was replaced by the Confederation Bridge when it opened on 31 May 1997. Maritime Electric supplies electricity to customers in Prince Edward Island. Although the utility does have some electrical generation facilities, since the mid-1970s the majority of Prince", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2801711", "chunk_text": "\"Centennial Bridge (New Brunswick)\"\nCentennial Bridge (New Brunswick) Centennial Bridge is a steel through arch crossing the Miramichi River in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada. The bridge is 1.1 km long, and 240 feet high. It carries Route 11, Route 8, and Route 134 over the river, connecting Douglastown on the north bank with Chatham on the south bank; both communities were merged with others in the vicinity through municipal amalgamation into the city of Miramichi. The bridge was opened in 1967, Canada's centennial year. It replaced a ferry service (\"\"Romeo & Juliet\"\") which operated between downtown Chatham and Ferry Road. Upon the bridge's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10607817", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick Route 16\"\nConfederation Bridge. Traffic leaves Route 16 when entering the Confederation Bridge to cross the Northumberland Strait to Prince Edward Island before continuing on Trans-Canada Highway Route 1. Port Elgin is the only major community along the route. This highway has been part of the New Brunswick highway network since the Canadian National Railways ferry service from Cape Tormentine NB to Borden PEI began accepting automobiles in the 1920s. The original section from Aulac to Baie Verte was known as the Baie Verte Road, the section through Baie Verte and Port Elgin was known as Main Street, the section from Port", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17981690", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Dostaler\"\nduring the harsh winter months. He managed to run an average of about 85 km per day for five days to make it to the ferry, arriving just two hours before the last departure. On September 20, 2015, Dostaler ran across Confederation Bridge which links the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, becoming the first person to include this bridge as part of a cross Canada run. His run across the bridge was part of Canada's largest Terry Fox Run, commemorating the 35th anniversary of the Marathon of Hope. The story of Terry Fox was one of Dostaler's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5477282", "chunk_text": "\"Fredericton Railway Bridge\"\nFredericton Railway Bridge The Fredericton Railway Bridge is a former railway bridge in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada now used to carry pedestrians and cyclists. It crosses the Saint John River from the east end of Fredericton's central business district on the west bank of the river to the former community of South Devon (amagalgamated into Fredericton in 1945) on the east bank. Since 1997, it has been used as a pedestrian bridge and is part of the Sentier NB Trail system and also part of the Trans Canada Trail. Fredericton claims it is the \"\"world's longest walking bridge.\"\" On June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9383981", "chunk_text": "\"Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links\"\nCanadian Mainland and to the State of Washington in the US. Proposals have been made for a fixed link to Vancouver Island for over a century. Because of the extreme depth and soft seabed of the Georgia Strait, and the potential for seismic activity, a bridge or tunnel would face monumental engineering, safety, and environmental challenges at a prohibitive cost. Prince Edward Island is linked to New Brunswick on the Canadian mainland by the Confederation Bridge which opened in 1997. Various proposals have been considered for a fixed link consisting of bridges, tunnels, and/or causeways across the Strait of Belle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14758484", "chunk_text": "\"Prince Edward Island Route 1\"\nthe Confederation Bridge, which crosses the Northumberland Strait to New Brunswick, where the highway becomes New Brunswick Route 16. Travelling eastward, a spur route, Route 1A, branches north towards Summerside. The highway continues meandering east through the communities of Crapaud, Bonshaw, Clyde River and Cornwall before crossing the waterway dividing the North / Yorke River and Graham Rogers Lake into Charlottetown. Within Charlottetown, Route 1 jogs north along Upton Road then east onto the Charlottetown Perimeter Highway and wraps around the city centre before turning and crossing the Hillsborough River on the Hillsborough River Bridge into Stratford. From there the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4106680", "chunk_text": "\"Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge\"\n2006. Effective October 27, 2017 The Edmundston-Madawaska International Bridge weight restriction was reduced to 5 tons. Vehicles over 5 tons will be rerouted to Clair POE located 33 km north and St-Leonard POE is located 41 km south of Edmundston Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge The Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge is an international bridge which connects the cities of Edmundston, New Brunswick, in Canada and Madawaska, Maine, in the United States, across the Saint John River. The bridge consists of four steel through truss spans, each in length, for a total length of , which carries a two lane open steel grid deck roadway. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5649976", "chunk_text": "\"Carleton County, New Brunswick\"\nCarleton County, New Brunswick Carleton County (2011 population 27,019) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada. The western border is Aroostook County, Maine, the northern border is Victoria County, and the southeastern border is York County from which it was formed in 1831. The Saint John River bisects the western section of the county. The Southwest Miramichi River flows through the eastern section of the county. Potato farming is a major industry. The scenic town of Hartland is home to the longest covered bridge in the world. There are five incorporated municipalities within Carleton County (listed by 2011 population): There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270292", "chunk_text": "\"Hillsborough River Bridge\"\nHillsborough River Bridge The Hillsborough River Bridge is a bridge crossing the Hillsborough River estuary between Charlottetown and Stratford in Queens County, Prince Edward Island. The current road bridge, built in 1962, replaced a 1905 rail bridge crossing the same span which was known by the same name. The first bridge was built by the Prince Edward Island Railway to complete a rail line from Charlottetown to Murray River. The single-lane bridge opened in 1905, and incorporated iron spans from two bridges in Miramichi, New Brunswick built about 30 years earlier. As rail service in the province was converted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13649251", "chunk_text": "\"History of Prince Edward Island\"\nof the \"\"Land Purchase Act, 1875\"\". As a result of having hosted the inaugural meeting of Confederation, the Charlottetown Conference, Prince Edward Island presents itself as the \"\"Birthplace of Confederation\"\" with several buildings, a ferry vessel, and the Confederation Bridge, the longest bridge over ice-covered waters in the world, using the term \"\"confederation\"\" in many ways. The most prominent building in the province with this name is the Confederation Centre of the Arts, presented as a gift to Prince Edward Islanders by the 10 provincial governments and the Federal Government upon the centenary of the Charlottetown Conference, in Charlottetown as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270311", "chunk_text": "\"Hillsborough River Bridge\"\nfor the next three decades (1960s to 1990s). Ice and wind and wave damage by the turn of the 21st century had caused the majority of the old piers to collapse and are now mostly invisible from the bridge. In 1992 the Government of Canada signed an agreement with Strait Crossing Joint Venture (SCJV), an international construction consortium, to build the Northumberland Strait Crossing Project (today known as the Confederation Bridge) between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. Part of the agreement negotiated with the Government of Prince Edward Island provided for a federal-provincial cost-sharing to have Strait Crossing Joint", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19289816", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick Route 955\"\nFrom here, it crosses Route 16 near Confederation Bridge and Cape Jourimain. From here, it continues past through Bayfield then ending in Cape Tormentine at Route 960. The route ends at the end at the former Route 16 Prince Edward Island ferry crossing before the realignment for the Confederation Bridge. <br> New Brunswick Route 955 Route 955 is a Canadian highway in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. The route's eastern terminus is in Mates Corner at Route 15. It travels east crossing Fox Creek Shemogue Harbour through a mostly treed area near Johnston Point then passes through Chapman Corner. As the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16960477", "chunk_text": "\"Prince of Wales Bridge (Canada)\"\nPrince of Wales Bridge (Canada) The Prince of Wales Bridge () is a rail bridge across the Ottawa River joining Ottawa, Ontario to Gatineau, Quebec. It connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway line just west of Lebreton Flats, and crosses the south channel of the river to Lemieux Island; it then continues across the northern channel into Quebec. It is a multi-span Pratt truss bridge, consisting of six equal spans over the south channel, and seven spans over the north channel; the second-last span, proceeding northward, is longer by a factor of about 1.7. The bridge was built by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254215", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Bridge\"\ncomponent and completion of the bridge structure in Abegweit Passage on November 19, 1996, HLV \"\"Svanen\"\" returned to Denmark for use in construction of the Øresund Bridge. Construction of the fixed link required over 5,000 workers ranging from labourers and specialty trades, to engineers, surveyors, and managers. The economic impact of construction on Prince Edward Island was substantial, with the provincial GDP rising over 5% during the construction, providing a short-term economic boom for the Island. It neared completion in April 1997. Throughout construction, the federal government received suggestions for names and on September 27, 1996, the name \"\"Confederation Bridge\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "230077", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Jourimain\"\nobservation tower, a network of trails, and a number of other amenities. The centre officially opened to the public in June, 2001. Cape Jourimain Cape Jourimain is an area comprising two islands and a section of mainland along the southwestern shore of the Northumberland Strait, three kilometres west of New Brunswick's easternmost point at Cape Tormentine. The two islands, Jourimain and Trenholm, have been connected to the mainland since 1966 by an artificial causeway. Cape Jourimain is the historic crossing point from New Brunswick (NB) to Prince Edward Island (PEI) and is host to the western end of the Confederation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6799104", "chunk_text": "\"Seal Island Bridge\"\nSeal Island Bridge The Seal Island Bridge is a Canadian bridge located in Victoria County, Nova Scotia. It is the third longest bridge span in the province. It is a through arch design and crosses the Great Bras d'Or channel of Bras d'Or Lake, connecting Boularderie Centre, Boularderie Island on the south side with New Harris, Cape Breton Island on the north side. Construction of the Seal Island Bridge began in 1960 as part of the Trans-Canada Highway project. The bridge, officially known as the Great Bras d'Or Crossing, was completed in 1961 at a cost of about $4,652,850. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14956939", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway\"\nat Cape Tormentine, built in the late 1930s, continued to be used as an information centre for ferry and marine traffic. With the opening of the Confederation Bridge in 1997, the station was closed. Today remains include the abandoned station and a few other rail structures, and an abandoned lighthouse. New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway The New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway, was first incorporated in 1874 as the Cape Tormentine Branch Railway Company to build a line from Sackville on the Intercolonial Railway line to Cape Tormentine from Sackville via Baie Verte. It was reincorporated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14956938", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway\"\nwas level and was not ballasted, but the line was immediately profitable. It came under the control of the Canadian Government Railways in 1914 and was then operated by the Intercolonial Railway until that railway was taken over by Canadian National. In 1917 the first railcar ferry arrived at the Borden terminal on Prince Edward Island from Cape Tormentine. The line was abandoned in 1989, the same year as the Prince Edward Island Railway. Today the Confederation Bridge handles all the traffic to the Island once transported by the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway. The attractive railway station", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5477283", "chunk_text": "\"Fredericton Railway Bridge\"\n7, 2008 the bridge was renamed the Bill Thorpe Walking Bridge, after a founder of the Fredericton Trail System. The bridge consists of 9 spans crossing a distance of over water and was constructed in 1938. It is a through truss design built entirely of steel and sits upon 8 concrete piers in the water and 2 concrete abutments, 1 on each bank. The bridge has a vertical clearance of for vessels above the navigation channel which runs under the third span from the west bank; this span is a swing span and was used to permit passage of river", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1406685", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick Route 103\"\nNew Brunswick Route 103 Route 103 is a highway in New Brunswick, Canada, running from Woodstock to Florenceville along the west bank of the Saint John River, a distance of 42 kilometres. Route 103 begins at the interchange between the Trans-Canada Highway and Route 555 and passes the eastern terminus of Route 95, where it connects the interchange to downtown Woodstock via the Houlton Road. The route turns north along Main Street, following the Saint John River bank. At Somerville, a feeder road off Route 103 leads to the longest covered bridge in the world, connecting to the town of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254202", "chunk_text": "\"Confederation Bridge\"\nupon primitive iceboats provoked complaints from the Island government until the federal government decided to implement a railcar ferry service across Abegweit Passage between new ports at Port Borden and Cape Tormentine. In 1912, the federal government promised to open a car ferry between the \"\"Capes\"\" (Cape Traverse, PEI to Cape Tormentine, NB). The privately owned New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway from Sackville, New Brunswick to Cape Tormentine was purchased by the federal government and an order was made with a shipyard in England for an icebreaking railcar ferry, to be called the \"\"Prince Edward Island\"\". Ports were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19485210", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick Route 105\"\nhighway. New Brunswick Route 105 Route 105 is a collector highway in New Brunswick running from Route 10 in Youngs Cove to Route 108 in Grand Falls, mostly along the east and north banks of the Saint John River, over a distance of . Route 105 consists largely of former alignments of Route 2 (the Trans-Canada Highway) and runs parallel to Route 2 over its entire length. Since late 2016, a gap has existed on Route 105 since the closure and removal of the old Jemseg River Bridge connecting Jemseg and Coytown. Traffic must use the nearby Route 2 freeway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11641251", "chunk_text": "\"Newfoundland–Labrador fixed link\"\nidea is not new; it was one of Joey Smallwood's ideas in 1949 per \"\"The Western Star\"\", November 2013. It was again put forward by mining engineer Tom Kierans during the early 1970s as a means to bring hydroelectricity from Churchill Falls to Newfoundland. About C$75 million was spent by the provincial government on constructing such a utility tunnel but the project was cancelled in 1975. Newfoundland is the largest land mass outside the Arctic Islands not directly connected by fixed link to the Canadian mainland. The Confederation Bridge, which connects Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, is about long,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6968935", "chunk_text": "\"Hurricane Kyle (2008)\"\nswamped nearby. The highest rainfall was recorded in Bon Accord, New Brunswick at 2.8 in (72 mm). Light rainfall, up to fell over Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. A buoy in Georges Bank recorded a wind gust of 79 mph (128 km/h). According to Nova Scotia Power Corporation at the height of the storm, winds knocked out power to more than 40,000 customers. While in New Brunswick, strong winds and heavy rainfall were strong enough to knock power out for approximately 2,300 customers across the province. Gusting winds resulted in the Confederation Bridge, linking New Brunswick and Prince Edward", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14956937", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway\"\nNew Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway The New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway, was first incorporated in 1874 as the Cape Tormentine Branch Railway Company to build a line from Sackville on the Intercolonial Railway line to Cape Tormentine from Sackville via Baie Verte. It was reincorporated as the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway in 1889. Cape Tormentine is the closest port to PEI. The Dominion of Canada was required under the terms of Confederation to provide Prince Edward Island a year-round link with the mainland. The railway was built on a shoestring budget. The ground", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "230075", "chunk_text": "\"Cape Jourimain\"\ntheir concerns over the impacts that its removal would have on local jobs. Cape Jourimain in NB and Borden-Carleton in PEI were selected as the two end points due to these areas being the shortest distance between the two provinces. In 1992, after a number of studies and an extensive environmental impact assessment , Strait Crossing Joint Venture was granted the development contract and construction began in 1993. The 12.9-km cantilever bridge was completed in November 1996 and officially opened to the public on May 31, 1997. On opening day, the bridge hosted an inaugural run, which had for 20,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1272162", "chunk_text": "\"Saint Croix–Vanceboro Bridge\"\nSaint Croix–Vanceboro Bridge The Saint Croix – Vanceboro Bridge is an international bridge, which connects the communities of Saint Croix, New Brunswick in Canada and Vanceboro, Maine in the United States, across the St. Croix River. The bridge consists of three reinforced concrete slab spans for a total length of 37.82 metres, which carries a two lane roadway across the river. The bridge was constructed in 1927 as a concrete tee beam structure, and opened in 1928. The original bridge was replaced with the current deck in 1997. Transport Canada estimated the bridge's traffic at 66,635 vehicles annually in 2006.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1272163", "chunk_text": "\"Saint Croix–Vanceboro Bridge\"\nSaint Croix–Vanceboro Bridge The Saint Croix – Vanceboro Bridge is an international bridge, which connects the communities of Saint Croix, New Brunswick in Canada and Vanceboro, Maine in the United States, across the St. Croix River. The bridge consists of three reinforced concrete slab spans for a total length of 37.82 metres, which carries a two lane roadway across the river. The bridge was constructed in 1927 as a concrete tee beam structure, and opened in 1928. The original bridge was replaced with the current deck in 1997. Transport Canada estimated the bridge's traffic at 66,635 vehicles annually in 2006.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1348302", "chunk_text": "\"Catherine Callbeck\"\ngovernment departments, agencies and crown corporations was reduced. A new electoral system replaced the previous 16 dual-member ridings to 27 single-member ridings. It was the first significant electoral reform in more than a century. Callbecks' time in office saw the beginning of construction of the Confederation Bridge linking Prince Edward Island to New Brunswick. When Callbeck came into office, the project was stalled because of an impasse between federal and provincial officials. She worked closely with the federal public works minister to resolve the issues, and the resulting constitutional change paved the way for the largest capital project in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18317232", "chunk_text": "\"Clair–Fort Kent Bridge\"\nClair–Fort Kent Bridge The Clair–Fort Kent Bridge is a steel truss bridge crossing the Saint John River between Clair, New Brunswick in Canada and Fort Kent, Maine in the United States. The bridge handles approximately 279,490 vehicle crossings per year and forms a border crossing on the International Boundary. It connects with Route 205 in New Brunswick and Route 161 and U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Maine, also forming the northern terminus of US 1. Since it is an international bridge, the Canadian portion of the structure is the responsibility of the Province of New Brunswick, while the American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16236797", "chunk_text": "\"Northumberland Strait\"\nthe winter. Cruise ships regularly visit Charlottetown during summer and fall, and since 2012 a few smaller cruise ships have been visiting Pictou, NS. The narrowest part of the strait, the 13-kilometre (7–nautical mile) wide Abegweit Passage in the western part of the strait between Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island and Cape Jourimain, New Brunswick, is now spanned by the Confederation Bridge. The strait hosts three seasonal ferry services: All three ferry services are located in the eastern end of the strait and operate during the ice-free months from May - December. There was a year-round ferry service that operated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14449701", "chunk_text": "\"New Brunswick Route 2\"\ngap between Long Creek and Pokiok, west of Fredericton. In August, 2003 a joint announcement was made by Premier Lord and Prime Minister Jean Chrétien for a $400 million (CAD) agreement to complete upgrades to the last remaining non-controlled access section of Route 2. The Pokiok-Long Creek section had been independently contracted by the provincial government and opened in November 2006. However, the provincial government sought to construct the remaining 98 km gap as part of a complete \"\"design-build-finance-operate-maintain-rehabilitate\"\" plan which would see large private sector consortia bid for the right to design and construct the 98 km of new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_712	when did the uk and us become allies?	n/a	[ "Since 1940", "1940" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399515", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nUnited Kingdom–United States relations British–American relations, also referred to as Anglo-American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets. Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners. The two nations are bound together by shared history, an overlap in religion and a common language and legal system, and kinship ties that reach back hundreds of years, including kindred, ancestral lines among English Americans, Scottish Americans, Welsh Americans, Scotch-Irish Americans and American Britons respectively. Today large numbers of expatriates live in both countries.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7254315", "chunk_text": "\"Special Relationship\"\nSpecial Relationship The Special Relationship is an unofficial term often used to describe the political, diplomatic, cultural, economic, military, and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States. The term first came into popular usage after it was used in a 1946 speech by Winston Churchill. The two nations have been close allies during many conflicts in the 20th and 21st centuries, including World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Cold War, the Gulf War, and the War on Terror. Although both governments also have close relationships with many other nations, the level of cooperation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399585", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization with their European allies. NATO is a mutual defence alliance whereby an attack on one member country is deemed an attack on all members. The United States had an anti-colonial and anti-communist stance in its foreign policy throughout the Cold War. Military forces from the United States and the United Kingdom were heavily involved in the Korean War, fighting under a United Nations mandate. Military forces withdrew when a stalemate was implemented in 1953. When the Suez Crisis erupted in October 1956, the United States feared a wider war, after the Soviet Union threatened to intervene", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13212262", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nthe invasion of Iraq in 2003. Again Britain was second only to the US in sending forces to Iraq. Both sides wound down after 2009, and withdrew their last troops in 2011. President Bush and Prime Minister Blair provided sustained mutual political and diplomatic support and won votes in Congress and parliament against their critics at home. During this period Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld said that \"\"America has no finer ally than the United Kingdom.\"\" The 7 July 2005 London bombings emphasised the difference in the nature of the terrorist threat to both nations. The United States concentrated primarily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399577", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nin June 1940, Roosevelt gave Britain and (after June 1941) the Soviet Union all aid short of war. The Destroyers for Bases Agreement which was signed in September 1940, gave the United States a 99-year rent-free lease of numerous land and air bases throughout the British Empire in exchange for the Royal Navy receiving 50 old destroyers from the United States Navy. Beginning in March 1941, the United States enacted Lend-Lease in the form of tanks, fighter airplanes, munitions, bullets, food, and medical supplies. Britain received $31.4 billion out of a total of $50.1 billion sent to the Allies. Roosevelt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19211984", "chunk_text": "\"1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement\"\nfacilities. there are also two enhanced collaborations jointly developing capabilities: The Anglo-American Special Relationship proved mutually beneficial, although it was never one of equals; the United States was far larger than Britain both militarily and economically. Lorna Arnold noted that: A 1985 report by the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research reported that the US was \"\"profoundly involved and benefited greatly\"\" from the treaty. The treaty was amended on 7 May 1959, 27 September 1968, 16 October 1969, 22 June 1974, 5 December 1979, 5 June 1984, 23 May 1994 and 14 June 2004. Most amendments merely extended the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399516", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nThrough times of war and rebellion, peace and estrangement, as well as becoming friends and allies, Britain and the US cemented these deeply rooted links during World War II into what is known as the \"\"Special Relationship.\"\" In long-term perspective, the historian Paul Johnson has called it the \"\"cornerstone of the modern, democratic world order\"\". In the early 20th century, the United Kingdom affirmed its relationship with the United States as its \"\"most important bilateral partnership\"\" in the current British foreign policy, and the American foreign policy also affirms its relationship with Britain as its most important relationship, as evidenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3959412", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nthe United States in the Pacific. The US sponsored a successful Washington Naval Conference in 1922 that largely ended the naval arms race for a decade. World War I marked the end of the Royal Navy's superiority, an eclipse acknowledged in the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, when the United States and Britain agreed to equal tonnage quotas on warships. By 1932, the 1922 treaty was not renewed and Britain, Japan and the US were again in a naval race. In the 1920s, bilateral relations were generally friendly. In 1923 London renegotiated its ₤978 million war debt to the U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2682542", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom\"\nStates ally. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the UK was one of the Big Four powers (along with the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China) who met to plan the post-war world; it was an original signatory to the Declaration of the United Nations. The UK became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and worked closely with the United States to establish the IMF, World Bank and NATO. However, the war left the UK severely weakened and depending financially on the Marshall Plan. In the immediate post-war years, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7254326", "chunk_text": "\"Special Relationship\"\nthat needs to be flushed out\"\". Instead Arnold calls for closer relationships with Europe and Russia so as to rid \"\"itself of the US incubus.\"\" The intense level of military co-operation between the UK and US began with the creation of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in December 1941, a military command with authority over all US and British operations. Following the end of the Second World War the joint command structure was disbanded, but close military cooperation between the nations resumed in the early 1950s with the start of the Cold War. Since the Second World War and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11396275", "chunk_text": "\"Social history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)\"\nindependence to India in 1947. Most of the other major overseas colonies became independent in the late-1950s and early-1960s. The UK collaborated closely with the United States during the Cold War after 1947, and in 1949; helped to form NATO as a military alliance against the spread of Soviet Communism. After a long debate and initial scepticism, the United Kingdom joined the European Economic Community along with Ireland and Denmark on 1 January 1973, but voted to leave the European Union in a nationwide referendum held on 23 June 2016. Immigration from South Asia, the West Indies, and Eastern Europe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19237097", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\nthe war in December 1941, foreign-policy was rarely discussed by Congress, and there was very little demand to cut Lend Lease spending. In spring 1944, the House passed a bill to renew the Lend Lease program by a vote of 334 to 21. The Senate passed it by a vote of 63 to 1. Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly at Placentia Bay in Newfoundland in August 1941, and issued a policy statement that became the foundation document for the Allies who later joined the war against Germany.-- A country had to join to gain admission to the United Nations. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399576", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nto Britain during the war with Nazi Germany, there was widespread opposition to American intervention in European affairs. This was reflected in a series of Neutrality Acts ratified by the United States Congress in 1935, 1936, and 1937. However, President Roosevelt's policy of cash-and-carry still allowed Britain and France to order munitions from the United States and carry them home. Churchill, who had long warned against Germany and demanded rearmament, became prime minister after Chamberlain's policy of appeasement had totally collapsed and Britain was unable to reverse the German invasion of Norway in April 1940. After the fall of France", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13212254", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nand entered into effect on March 30, 2008. Throughout the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher was strongly supportive of Ronald Reagan's unwavering stance towards the Soviet Union. Often described as \"\"political soulmates\"\" and a high point in the \"\"Special Relationship\"\", Reagan and Thatcher met many times throughout their political careers, speaking in concert when confronting Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev. In 1982, the British Government made a request to the United States, which the Americans agreed upon in principle, to sell the Trident II D5 ballistic missile, associated equipment, and related system support for use on four \"\"Vanguard\"\" class nuclear submarines in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17613820", "chunk_text": "\"Special Relationship\"\nrelationship\"\" with the Trump administration. Trump has claimed his relationship with Theresa May is \"\"the highest level of special.\"\" Although the \"\"Special Relationship\"\" between the U.K. and the U.S. was perhaps most memorably emphasized by Churchill, its existence, and even the term itself, had been recognized since the 19th century, not least by rival powers. The governments of the United States and Great Britain were enemies when foreign relations between them first began, after the American colonies declared their independence from British rule, triggering the American Revolutionary War. Relations often continued to be strained through the mid-19th century, erupting into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10823236", "chunk_text": "\"1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement\"\nremain under US custody and could only be turned over to allies in the event of war. The sale of nuclear reactors for submarines and nuclear fuel for them and other military reactors was permitted. Only Britain qualified as a nation that had made substantial progress. The bill passed Congress on 30 June 1958, and was signed into law by Eisenhower on 2 July 1958. The 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement was signed by Dulles and Samuel Hood, the British Minister in Washington, on 3 July, and approved by Congress on 30 July. The agreement enables the US and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3959404", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nfor demands for Irish independence, and occasioned anti-British rhetoric, especially at election time. The most notable sign of improving relations during the Great Rapprochement was Britain's actions during the Spanish–American War (started 1898). Initially Britain supported the Spanish Empire and its colonial rule over Cuba, since the perceived threat of American occupation and a territorial acquisition of Cuba by the United States might harm British trade and commercial interests within its own imperial possessions in the West Indies. However, after the United States made genuine assurances that it would grant Cuba's independence (which eventually occurred in 1902 under the terms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10223638", "chunk_text": "\"1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement\"\nsome NATO countries, this agreement is by far the most comprehensive. Harold Macmillan called it \"\"the Great Prize\"\". The treaty was signed on 3 July 1958, after the Soviet Union shocked the American public with the Sputnik crisis on 4 October 1957, and the British hydrogen bomb programme successfully tested a hydrogen bomb in the Operation Grapple test on 8 November 1957. The Anglo-American Special Relationship proved mutually beneficial, although it was never one of equals; the United States was far larger than Britain both militarily and economically. Britain soon became dependent on the United States for its nuclear weapons,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399578", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\ninsisted on avoiding the blunder that Wilson had made in the First World War of setting up the financing as loans that had to be repaid by the recipients. Lend lease aid was freely given, with no payments. Also there were also cash loans were repaid at low rates over a half-century. Summit meetings became a standard practice carting starting with August 1941, when Churchill and Roosevelt met on British territory, and announced the Atlantic Charter. It became a fundamental document—All the Allies had to sign it—and it led to the formation of the United Nations. Shortly after Pearl Harbor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10223637", "chunk_text": "\"1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement\"\n1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement The 1958 US–UK Mutual Defense Agreement, or UK–US Mutual Defence Agreement, is a bilateral treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom on nuclear weapons cooperation. The treaty's full name is Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for Cooperation on the uses of Atomic Energy for Mutual Defense Purposes. It allows the United States and the UK to exchange nuclear materials, technology and information. While the US has nuclear cooperation agreements with other countries, including France and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13212258", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nadmitted carrying out the 1988 bombing over Scotland until 2003. During the Soviet–Afghan War, the United States and the United Kingdom throughout the 1980s provided arms to the Mujahideen rebels in Afghanistan until the last troops from the Soviet Union left Afghanistan in February 1989. When the United States became the world's lone superpower after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, new threats emerged which confronted the United States and its NATO allies. With military build-up beginning in August 1990 and the use of force beginning in January 1991, the United States, followed at a distance by Britain, provided the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2553980", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942\"\nAnglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942 The Twenty-Year Mutual Assistance Agreement Between the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or Anglo-Soviet Treaty established a military and political alliance between the USSR and the British Empire during World War II, and for 20 years after it. The treaty was signed in London on 26 May 1942 by British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and by Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov. The first meeting to discuss the treaty took place on 15 December 1941, a week after the United States joined the British Empire and Soviet Union to oppose the Axis Powers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10401364", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nConcorde, British Airways flagship supersonic airliner, began trans-Atlantic service to Washington Dulles International Airport in the United States on May 24, 1976. The trans-Atlantic route between London's Heathrow and New York's JFK in under 3½ hours, had its first operational flight between the two hubs on October 19, 1977 and the last being on October 23, 2003. In the 20th century, there were 78 formal and informal summits bringing together the president and the prime minister to deal with an agreed-upon agenda. The first was 1918, the second in 1929. The rest began in 1941, which marked the decline of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4376512", "chunk_text": "\"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nCommonwealth of Nations, an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. Britain finally turned its attention to the continent, joining the European Union. After 1945 Britain systematically reduced its overseas commitments. Practically all the colonies became independent. Britain reduced its involvements in the Middle east, with the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956 marking the end of its status as a superpower. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and traditional foes such as Germany, in the NATO military alliance. After years of debate (and rebuffs), Britain joined the Common Market", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "305995", "chunk_text": "\"Allies of World War II\"\nAllies in 1941. The alliance was formalised by the Declaration by United Nations, from 1 January 1942. However, the name United Nations was rarely used to describe the Allies during the war. The leaders of the \"\"Big Three\"\"—the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—controlled Allied strategy; relations between the United Kingdom and the United States were especially close. The Big Three together with China were referred as a \"\"trusteeship of the powerful\"\", then were recognized as the Allied \"\"Big Four\"\" in the Declaration by United Nations and later as the \"\"Four Policemen\"\" of the United Nations. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4376511", "chunk_text": "\"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nBritain and France declared war; the British Commonwealth followed London's lead. The British built up a very large worldwide British Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the UK economy, and after 1945 the British Empire gradually began to disintegrate, with many territories granted independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower had been largely diminished by the rise of the United States and the Soviet Union. Many former colonial territories joined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1159550", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nUnion. Many former colonial territories joined the \"\"Commonwealth of Nations,\"\" an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. Britain finally turned its attention to the continent, joining the European Union. Practically all the colonies became independent. Britain reduced its involvements in the Middle east, with the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956 marking the end of its status as a superpower. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and traditional foes such as Germany, in the NATO military alliance. After years of debate (and rebuffs), Britain joined the Common Market in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1159549", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nas an active participant in the Cold War against Communism, especially as a founding member of NATO. The British had built up a very large worldwide British Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the UK economy, and after 1945 the British Empire gradually began to disintegrate, with many territories granted independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower had been largely diminished by the rise of the United States and the Soviet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1664998", "chunk_text": "\"France–United Kingdom relations\"\nwhen the United States and Britain refused to share atomic secrets with it. The upshot was France developed its own nuclear weapons and delivery systems. The Cold War began in 1947, as the United States, with strong British support, announced the Truman Doctrine to contain Communist expansion and provided military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey. Despite its large pro-Soviet Communist Party, France joined the Allies. The first move was the Franco-British alliance realized in the Dunkirk Treaty in March 1947. In 1956 the Suez Canal, previously owned by an Anglo-French company, was nationalised by the Egyptian government. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1171094", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the United Nations\"\nto the founding of the United Nations and the Charter of the United Nations. Following the drafting of the Atlantic Charter in August 1941 by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, Churchill visited the White House for three weeks in December 1941. During the visit, the name \"\"United Nations\"\" was suggested by Roosevelt to Churchill to refer to the Allies of World War II. Roosevelt proposed it as an alternative to \"\"Associated Powers\"\", a term the U.S. used in the First World War (the U.S. was never formally a member of the Allies of World War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3158327", "chunk_text": "\"Germany–United Kingdom relations\"\nsummer 1940, but the aerial assault was repulsed, which stopped Operation Sealion, the plans for the invasion of Britain. The British Empire was standing alone against Germany, but the United States greatly funded and supplied the British. In December 1941, United States entered the war against Germany and Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan, which also later overwhelmed British outposts in the Pacific from Hong Kong to Singapore. The Allied invasion of France on D-Day in June 1944 as well as strategic bombing and land forces all contributed to the final defeat of Germany. As part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16987464", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Soviet Agreement\"\nAnglo-Soviet Agreement The Anglo-Soviet Agreement was a formal military alliance signed by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union against Germany on July 12, 1941; shortly after the German invasion of the latter. Both powers pledged to assist each other and not make separate peace with Germany. The USA perceived this to mean that the USSR intended to support the re-establishment of independent Polish, Czech, and Yugoslav states at the end of the war.(Lynn Davis 2000) The treaty was drawn up and signed in the English language and later translated into Russian, whereupon agreement between parties was established and authenticity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399584", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nUS provided financial aid in the form of the Anglo-American loan of 1946, a 50-year loan with a low 2% interest rate starting in 1950. A more permanent solution was the Marshall Plan of 1948–51, which poured $13 billion into western Europe, of which $3.3 billion went to Britain to help modernise its infrastructure and business practices. The aid was a gift and carried requirements that Britain balance its budget, control tariffs and maintain adequate currency reserves. The need to form a united front against the Soviet threat compelled the US and Britain to cooperate in helping to form the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5072307", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\nUnited Kingdom–United States relations in World War II The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationships, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal ties, that operated apart from their respective diplomatic and military organizations. Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill have thoroughly dominated the popular and scholarly writings, each stood atop a complex decision-making's does system that guaranteed inputs from military, diplomatic, business and public opinion. In terms of foreign-policy, Roosevelt for years had developed a system whereby he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "306031", "chunk_text": "\"Allies of World War II\"\nwere as follows: the Albanian National Liberation Front, the Chinese Red Army, the Greek National Liberation Front, the Hukbalahap, the Malayan Communist Party, the People's Republic of Mongolia, the Polish People's Army, the Tuvan People's Republic (annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944), the Viet Minh and the Yugoslav Partisans. The United States had indirectly supported Britain's war effort against Germany up to 1941 and declared its opposition to territorial aggrandizement. Materiel support to Britain was provided while the U.S. was officially neutral via the Lend-Lease Act starting in 1941. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399518", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\ncultures of many other countries. They are the two main nodes of the Anglosphere, with a combined population of around 385 million in 2015. Together, they have given the English language a dominant role in many sectors of the modern world. Leaders of United Kingdom and United States from 1940 The Special Relationship characterises the exceptionally close political, diplomatic, cultural, economic, military and historical relations between the two countries. It is specially used for relations since 1940. After several failed attempts, the first permanent English settlement in mainland North America was established in 1607 at Jamestown in the Colony and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "305993", "chunk_text": "\"Allies of World War II\"\nAllies of World War II The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945). The Allies promoted the alliance as a means to control German, Japanese and Italian aggression. At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16987465", "chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Soviet Agreement\"\nrecognized. According to the Anglo-Soviet Agreement, the following conditions were settled upon by both governments of the United Kingdom and Russian Socialist Soviet Republic: Anglo-Soviet Agreement The Anglo-Soviet Agreement was a formal military alliance signed by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union against Germany on July 12, 1941; shortly after the German invasion of the latter. Both powers pledged to assist each other and not make separate peace with Germany. The USA perceived this to mean that the USSR intended to support the re-establishment of independent Polish, Czech, and Yugoslav states at the end of the war.(Lynn Davis 2000)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10399587", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\n1956 a complete breakdown that represented the lowest point in the relations between the two countries since the 1920s. Through the US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement signed in 1958, the United States assisted the United Kingdom in their own development of a nuclear arsenal. The British, however, were financially unable to develop their own delivery systems for nuclear weapons. In April 1963, the Polaris Sales Agreement called for the U.S. to sell the UGM-27 Polaris ballistic missile for use in the Royal Navy's submarine fleet starting in 1968. The American containment policy called for military resistance to the expansion of communism,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9955227", "chunk_text": "\"Allies of World War II\"\nyears, the Sino-Japanese War erupted in 1937 with Japanese forces invading China. The League of Nations condemned Japan's actions and initiated sanctions on Japan. The United States, in particular, was angered at Japan and sought to support China. In March 1939, Germany took over Czechoslovakia, violating the Munich Agreement signed six months before, and demonstrating that the appeasement policy was a failure. Britain and France decided that Hitler had no intention to uphold diplomatic agreements and responded by preparing for war. On 31 March 1939, Britain formed the Anglo-Polish military alliance in an effort to avert a German attack on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15209253", "chunk_text": "NATO\nthe United Kingdom as a \"\"Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance\"\" in the event of a possible attack by Germany or the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II. In 1948, this alliance was expanded to include the Benelux countries, in the form of the Western Union, also referred to as the Brussels Treaty Organization (BTO), established by the Treaty of Brussels. Talks for a new military alliance which could also include North America resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13212275", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nObama stated: \"\"I've come here today to reaffirm one of the oldest; one of the strongest alliances the World has ever known. It's long been said that the United States and the United Kingdom share a special relationship.\"\" In the final days before the Scottish independence referendum in September 2014, Obama announced in public the vested interest of the United States of America in enjoying the continued partnership with a 'strong and united' UK which he described as \"\"one of the closest allies we will ever have.\"\" During a joint press conference with Prime Minister Theresa May, Obama stated \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8921907", "chunk_text": "\"Iraq–United States relations\"\nIraq–United States relations Diplomatic relations between Iraq and the United States began when the U.S. first recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, with the signing of the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London by Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Today, the United States and the Republic of Iraq both consider themselves as strategic partners, given the American political and military involvement after the invasion of Iraq and their mutual, deep-rooted relationship that followed. The United States provides the Iraqi security forces millions of dollars of military aid and training annually. American commercial interaction with the Ottoman Empire (which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13755275", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\nAfrica in 1942, to send American bombers to bases in England, and for the British to strengthen their forces in the Pacific. The Conference established the Combined Chiefs of Staff, headquartered in Washington, which approved and finalized all military decisions. It also created a unified American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) in the Far East; it fared poorly. Finally the conference drafted the \"\"Declaration by United Nations\"\", which committed the Allies to make no separate peace with the enemy, and to employ full resources until victory. At the Quebec Conference, 1943 held in Canada in August 1943, Churchill, Roosevelt and the Combined Chiefs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3717477", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nprogram. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, prompting the United States to join the Allies against the Axis powers. During the war, the United States was referred as one of the \"\"Four Policemen\"\" of Allies power who met to plan the postwar world, along with Britain, the Soviet Union and China. Although the nation lost more than 400,000 soldiers, it emerged relatively undamaged from the war with even greater economic and military influence. The United States played a leading role in the Bretton Woods and Yalta conferences with the United Kingdom,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18893476", "chunk_text": "\"United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom\"\nUnited States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom An Act Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Dependencies Thereof and the United States of America and Their Territories was passed by the 12th United States Congress on June 18, 1812, thereby beginning the War of 1812. It was signed by James Madison, the 4th President of the United States. \"\"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled\"\", That war be and is hereby declared to exist between the United Kingdom of Great", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6455163", "chunk_text": "\"Operation Grapple\"\nwas apparently ahead, and the United Kingdom had independently developed the hydrogen bomb. The trenchant opposition from the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy that had derailed previous attempts was absent. Amendments to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 passed Congress on 30 June 1958, and were signed into law by Eisenhower on 2 July 1958. The 1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement was signed on 3 July, and was approved by Congress on 30 July. Macmillan called this \"\"the Great Prize\"\". The Anglo-American Special Relationship proved mutually beneficial, although it was never one of equals; the United States was far larger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14307510", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United Kingdom\"\n1960s. It debated its role in world affairs and joined the United Nations in 1945, NATO in 1949, and became a close ally of the United States. Prosperity returned in the 1950s, and London remained a world centre of finance and culture, but the nation was no longer a major world power. In 1973, after a long debate and initial rejection, it joined the Common Market. The end of the war saw a landslide victory for Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. They were elected on a manifesto of greater social justice with left-wing policies such as the creation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5072323", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\nbase for American supplies sent to India, and Lend Lease operations boosted the local economy. The 2 million Indian soldiers were a major factor in British success in the Middle East. Muslim support for the British war effort proved decisive in the British decision to partition the Raj, forming of the new state of Pakistan. United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationships, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1159540", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of the United Kingdom\"\nuntil the Suez crisis of 1956, and this embarrassing incident coupled with the loss of the empire left the UK's dominant role in global affairs to be gradually diminished. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom remains a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a founding member of the G7, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, Council of Europe, OSCE, and the Commonwealth of Nations, which is a legacy of the British Empire. The UK has been a member state of the European Union (and a member of its predecessors) since 1973. However, due to the outcome of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_713	who sang the theme song for the man with the golden gun?	n/a	[ "Lulu" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13409773", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)\"\n20th Century Fox poll of the most popular film weapons, which surveyed approximately 2,000 film fans. On 10 October 2008, it was discovered that one of the golden guns used in the film, which is estimated to be worth around £80,000, was missing (suspected stolen) from Elstree Props, a company based at Hertfordshire studios. The theme tune to \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", released in 1974, was performed by Scottish singer Lulu and composed by John Barry. Tony Bramwell, who worked for Harry Saltzman's music publishing company Hilary Music, wanted Elton John or Cat Stevens to sing the title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7391992", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)\"\nThe Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack) The Man with the Golden Gun is the soundtrack for the ninth James Bond film of the same name. The theme tune was performed by Lulu, composed by John Barry, and the lyrics to the song were written by Don Black. Alice Cooper claims his song \"\"The Man With The Golden Gun\"\" was to be used by the film's producers until it was dropped for Lulu's song instead. Cooper's song appears on his album \"\"Muscle of Love\"\". Barry considered the theme tune – the only Bond film title track not to chart as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14584845", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)\"\nfrom the previous film reappears. The next three Bond films would wittily feature excerpts from the familiar music of other films, too (though classics rather than Bond films), while \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" had included a janitor character whistling the theme from \"\"Goldfinger\"\" as an in-joke. The popular song \"\"Mindfields\"\" by The Prodigy (released on The Fat of the Land) features a specific part of \"\"Hip's Trip\"\". Barry gave the band permission to do so. Composer, except as noted, is John Barry. The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack) The Man with the Golden Gun is the soundtrack for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11082865", "chunk_text": "\"The Gun (1974 film)\"\nThe Gun (1974 film) The Gun is a made-for-television film, of the suspense-thriller type, which ABC-TV aired as a \"\"Movie of the Week\"\" on November 13, 1974. It starred David Huffman, Ron Thompson, Richard Bright, Pepe Serna, Lee de Broux, and Stephen Elliott, and was written directly for television by Jay Benson, Richard Levinson, and William Link and directed by John Badham, then a working director of television productions. Levinson and Link were also the producers of the film. \"\"The Gun\"\" was inspiration for the song \"\"Golden Ring\"\", recorded by George Jones and Tammy Wynette in 1976. The song would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8776961", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Arm\"\nand Jimmy Van Heusen, and recorded by Sinatra backed by Nelson Riddle's orchestra. However, the song was ultimately not used in the film and did not appear on the soundtrack album. Although Sinatra's recording appeared on some bootleg albums, it remained officially unreleased until 2002, when it was included in the box set \"\"Frank Sinatra in Hollywood 1940–1964\"\". Sammy Davis Jr. also recorded a version of the Cahn/ Van Heusen theme, which was released on Decca in 1955. \"\"All compositions by Elmer Bernstein\"\" Orchestra conducted by Elmer Bernstein featuring: The Man with the Golden Arm The Man with the Golden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13409775", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)\"\nthree weeks to score \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" and the theme tune and score are generally considered by critics to be among the weakest of Barry's contributions to the series, an opinion shared by Barry himself: \"\"It's the one I hate most ... it just never happened for me.\"\" \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" was also the first to drop the distinctive plucked guitar from the theme heard over the gun barrel opening. A sample from one of the songs, \"\"Hip's Trip\"\", was used by The Prodigy in the \"\"Mindfields\"\" track on the album \"\"The Fat of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1155957", "chunk_text": "\"Lulu (singer)\"\ngoes awry. On 27 May 1974, BBC1 screened \"\"Bruce Forsyth Meets Lulu\"\" a special variety TV show for the UK bank holiday. In 1974, she performed the title song for the James Bond film \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\". Two slightly different versions of the song were used, at the start and end respectively; James Bond was mentioned in the end version. Released as a single, it is the only Bond film title track not to chart as a single in either the United Kingdom or the United States. The same year she covered David Bowie's songs \"\"The Man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1155938", "chunk_text": "\"Lulu (singer)\"\nLulu (singer) Lulu Kennedy-Cairns, OBE (born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie; 3 November 1948) is a Scottish singer-songwriter. She is internationally known, but especially by UK audiences in the 1960s. Later in her career she had hits internationally with \"\"To Sir with Love\"\" from the 1967 film of the same name and with the title song to the 1974 James Bond film \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\". In European countries, she is also widely known for her Eurovision Song Contest 1969 winning entry \"\"Boom Bang-a-Bang\"\", and in the UK for her 1964 hit \"\"Shout\"\", which was performed at the closing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11586618", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)\"\nsong. However, by this time the producers were taking turns producing the films; Albert Broccoli—whose turn it was to produce—rejected Bramwell's suggestions. The lyrics to the Lulu song were written by Don Black and have been described variously as \"\"ludicrous\"\", \"\"inane\"\" and \"\"one long stream of smut\"\", because of their sexual innuendo. Bramwell subsequently dismissed the Barry-Lulu tune as \"\"mundane\"\". Alice Cooper wrote a song titled \"\"Man with the Golden Gun\"\" to be used by the producers of the film, but they opted for Lulu's song instead. Cooper released his song in his album \"\"Muscle of Love\"\". Barry had only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17690474", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven and Earth and the Stars\"\nfrom 1974 was Lulu's theme song for the James Bond film, \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", produced by John Barry. Another hit single featured on this album was \"\"Take Your Mama for a Ride\"\", which had been a No.37 hit in 1975. Despite these inclusions, the album failed to chart, being too late to cash in on the hits. Further singles released from the album were \"\"Boy Meets Girl\"\" and the title track, bring the total single releases to five - half the album. Tracks from the album were released on Compact disc in 1999 on a compilation with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254936", "chunk_text": "\"GoldenEye (song)\"\nGoldenEye (song) \"\"GoldenEye\"\" is a song performed by Tina Turner, and the eponymous theme song for the 1995 James Bond film, \"\"GoldenEye\"\". Released as a single in November 1995, the song was a big chart hit in Europe, topping the Hungarian Singles Chart and reaching the top five in Austria, Finland, France, and Switzerland, as well as number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. It was less successful outside the continent, reaching number 43 in Canada, number 63 in Australia, and number two on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under Hot 100. The song was written by Bono and The Edge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "843649", "chunk_text": "\"All Time High\"\nHigh\"\" reached #36 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in August 1983. Adult contemporary radio was much more receptive, with \"\"All Time High\"\" spending four weeks at #1 as ranked by \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine. Coolidge had previously topped the Adult Contemporary chart in 1977 with \"\"We're All Alone\"\". In the UK, \"\"All Time High\"\" rose no higher than #75 and remains the lowest charting James Bond theme; \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" by Lulu had failed to reach the then fifty-rung chart in 1974 and \"\"Moonraker\"\" by Shirley Bassey fell short of the Top 75 in 1979. However the track became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8776960", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Arm\"\nthe theme on their album \"\"Desolation Boulevard\"\", and Barry Adamson, who released a version on his 1988 album \"\"Moss Side Story\"\". A vocal version of the theme called \"\"Delilah Jones\"\", with lyrics by Sylvia Fine unrelated to the subject matter of the film, was released by the McGuire Sisters on Coral Records in 1956. A vocal version of Bernstein's composition \"\"Molly\"\" with lyrics by Fine, entitled \"\"Molly-O\"\", was also recorded by a number of artists, including The Gaylords, Dick Jacobs and his orchestra, and others. An alternate theme song, \"\"The Man With the Golden Arm\"\", was composed by Sammy Cahn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7391993", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)\"\na single in either the U.K. or U.S. – and score to be among the weakest of his contributions to the series: \"\"It's the one I hate most... it just never happened for me.\"\" Certainly the title song is notable for having suggestive lyrics, and during a TV celebration for the series' 40th anniversary, Lulu's performance was introduced with reference to its being the raunchiest of all Bond songs. For the first time, the song's end theme is not a straight reprise of the opener, as it begins with different lyrics (subsequent films followed suit with variations in arrangement, ahead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14584844", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)\"\nof a new practice of using a different song altogether). Some Bond music fans consider Lulu's brassy vocal to be effective in setting the tone for the film's female characters. The film was also the first to drop the distinctive plucked guitar from the Bond theme heard over the gun barrel sequence - in all subsequent John Barry James Bond scores, this theme would be heard on strings and trumpet. Not present on the album but heard in the film is a brief reprise, for recognition purposes, of the song \"\"Live and Let Die\"\" when a character (Sheriff JW Pepper)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6229036", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Goldenberg\"\nBilly Goldenberg William Leon Goldenberg (born February 10, 1936, Brooklyn) is an American composer and songwriter, best-known for his work on television and film. Among his most noteworthy were his collaborations with Steven Spielberg on his telefilms (in particular, \"\"Night Gallery\"\" in 1969, and \"\"Duel\"\" in 1971) and his seven-episode contribution toward the \"\"NBC Mystery Movie\"\" detective series \"\"Columbo\"\". He composed the themes for several popular television programs, including \"\"Kojak\"\", \"\"Alias Smith and Jones\"\", \"\"Banacek\"\", \"\"Rhoda\"\" and \"\"Our House\"\". He composed the scores to countless films and TV movies including \"\"Fear No Evil\"\" (1969), \"\"Ritual of Evil\"\" (1970), \"\"The Grasshopper\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3615845", "chunk_text": "\"Don Black (lyricist)\"\nDon Black (lyricist) Don Black, (born 21 June 1938) is an English lyricist. His works have included numerous musicals, movie themes and hit songs. He has provided lyrics for John Barry, Charles Strouse, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Quincy Jones, Lulu, Jule Styne, Henry Mancini, Meat Loaf, Michael Jackson, Elmer Bernstein, Michel Legrand, Hayley Westenra, A. R. Rahman, Marvin Hamlisch and Debbie Wiseman. Allmusic stated that \"\"Black is perhaps best-known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber, and for the James Bond theme songs he co-wrote with composer John Barry: \"\"Thunderball\"\", \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\" and \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\".\"\" Black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13409767", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Gun (film)\"\nover other cinematographers' work, but accepted after dining with Broccoli. Production wrapped in Pinewood in August 1974. One of the main stunts in the film consisted of stunt driver \"\"Bumps\"\" Willard (as James Bond) driving an AMC Hornet leaping a broken bridge and spinning around 360 degrees in mid-air about the longitudinal axis, doing an \"\"aerial twist\"\"; Willard successfully completed the jump on the first take. The stunt was shown in slow motion, for the scene was otherwise too fast. Composer John Barry added a slide whistle sound effect over the stunt, which Broccoli kept in despite thinking that it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "311270", "chunk_text": "\"GoldenEye (song)\"\nfor the film. Swedish pop band, Ace of Base also recorded a song that was optioned to the studio. Ace of Base's \"\"The GoldenEye\"\" was later reworked into \"\"The Juvenile\"\" which appeared on their \"\"Da Capo\"\" album in 2002. GoldenEye (song) \"\"GoldenEye\"\" is a song performed by Tina Turner, and the eponymous theme song for the 1995 James Bond film, \"\"GoldenEye\"\". Released as a single in November 1995, the song was a big chart hit in Europe, topping the Hungarian Singles Chart and reaching the top five in Austria, Finland, France, and Switzerland, as well as number 10 on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8776959", "chunk_text": "\"The Man with the Golden Arm\"\ncome out of the '50s\"\" and said that \"\"on its own it still shines as an excellent example of how good film music can get. Bernstein's control over the smallest details of the music is what gives it the energy it contains; his blustery horns and deep percussion are only the front while some gorgeous orchestration happens almost unnoticed behind the music.\"\" The theme was recorded by many other musicians including Billy May & His Orchestra who had a #9 hit in the UK in May 1956; Jet Harris, who released it as a single in 1963, Sweet, who covered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10699545", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Ring (song)\"\nGolden Ring (song) \"\"Golden Ring\"\" is a song made famous by country music singers George Jones and Tammy Wynette. Originally released in 1976, the song was the title track to their duet album released that same year. It was a Number One hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" country charts. The song was conceived by songwriter Bobby Braddock, who had seen a television drama about the life of a handgun. The story showed the gun changing hands several times, with a hunter, police officer, criminal and a father of a 2-year-old child all owning the gun at one point, with the consequences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1131630", "chunk_text": "\"The World Is Not Enough\"\nTheme\"\" and \"\"I Never Miss\"\". Arnold added two new themes to the final score, both of which are reused in the following film, \"\"Die Another Day\"\". The title song, \"\"The World Is Not Enough\"\", was written by David Arnold with Don Black and performed by Garbage. It is the fifth \"\"Bond\"\" theme co-written by Black, preceded by \"\"Thunderball\"\", \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\", \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", and \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\". IGN chose \"\"The World Is Not Enough\"\" as the ninth-best James Bond theme of all time. In 2012 Grantland ranked the song as the second-best Bond song of all-time,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11786603", "chunk_text": "\"Have Gun – Will Travel\"\n35:25 mark of the film, the actual \"\"Have Gun – Will Travel\"\" opening theme is played in recognizable form, although the scoring is slightly different than that heard in the better-known television version. The show's closing song, \"\"The Ballad of Paladin\"\", was written by Johnny Western, Richard Boone, and program creator Sam Rolfe, and was performed by Western. In the first season the closing song was a reprise of the opening theme. In syndication, the first (premise) episode concludes with the Johnny Western ballad. The rest of the run of the first-season episodes play a reprise of the opening theme.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10290972", "chunk_text": "\"Home on the Range\"\nthe theme opening music for the early Western Films starring Ray \"\"Crash\"\" Corrigan and his 2 co-stars under their movie roles as \"\"The Three Mesqueteers\"\". It is also featured in the 1937 screwball comedy \"\"The Awful Truth\"\" (sung by Irene Dunne and Ralph Bellamy), the 1948 film \"\"Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House\"\" (sung by both Cary Grant and Myrna Loy), the 1967 off-Broadway musical \"\"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\" (sung by the cast as a glee club rehearsal number), the 1980 film \"\"Where the Buffalo Roam\"\" (sung by Neil Young over the opening credits), the 2009 film \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13494066", "chunk_text": "\"Forty Guns\"\nbut she runs down the dirt street after his buckboard - repeatedly calling out \"\"Griff! Mr. Bonnell!\"\" - and they appear to ride off together for California. Fuller uses every opportunity to show off the widescreen format while employing extensive use of close-ups and one of the longest tracking shots ever done at Fox’s studio at that time - over three minutes long. Harry Sukman composed the score and conducted it as well. Jidge Carroll sings two songs onscreen in the film, the theme song titled \"\"High Ridin' Woman,\"\" written by Harold Adamson and Harry Sukman; and \"\"God Has His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3566104", "chunk_text": "\"Lulu (singer)\"\nthe banner ‘’Show Of The Week: It’s Lulu’’ from Thursday 25–5 July September 1974. Broadcast Saturdays on BBC1. Produced by Stewart Morris. Theme Song: \"\"The Man With The Golden Gun\"\" From Saturday 21 January – 1 April 1978, Lulu was the regular guest on \"\"The Les Dawson Show\"\" on BBC1. Series 1 Produced by Jon Rowlands. Broadcast Saturdays on BBC1. Series 2 Produced by Mobishar Dar. Broadcast Saturdays on BBC1. Lulu (singer) Lulu Kennedy-Cairns, OBE (born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie; 3 November 1948) is a Scottish singer-songwriter. She is internationally known, but especially by UK audiences in the 1960s. Later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6284961", "chunk_text": "\"Moonraker (film)\"\nthe theme song was performed by Shirley Bassey (following \"\"Goldfinger\"\" and \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\"). Frank Sinatra was originally considered for the vocals, and Kate Bush was asked, but she declined. Johnny Mathis was approached and offered the opportunity. However, Mathis—despite having started recording with Barry—was unable to complete the project, leaving producers to offer the song to Bassey just weeks before the premiere date in England. Bassey made the recordings with very short notice and as a result, she never regarded the song 'as her own' as she had never had the chance to perform it in full or promote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11036757", "chunk_text": "\"Have Gun – Will Travel\"\noften given in the closing credits. Locations included Bishop and Lone Pine, California; an area now known as Paladin Estates between Bend and Sisters, Oregon; and the Abbott Ranch near Prineville, Oregon. The program's opening was a four-note motif composed and conducted by Bernard Herrmann. For the opening theme, Herrmann reused a short sequence he had previously composed for the 1951 movie \"\"On Dangerous Ground\"\", starring Robert Ryan and Ida Lupino. The \"\"Have Gun – Will Travel\"\" theme (and fragments of incidental music also used in the television series) are featured in a chase scene across snowy fields; at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "519487", "chunk_text": "\"The World Is Not Enough (song)\"\nwould be seen as a generic action movie. Getting the balance right might be a \"\"poisoned chalice\"\", since the results could sound too much or too little like a Bond theme. Arnold collaborated with lyricist Don Black on the song. Black, with 30 years of experience writing Bond themes, wrote the lyrics to Tom Jones's \"\"Thunderball\"\", Shirley Bassey's \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\", Lulu's \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" and k.d. lang's closing credits theme, \"\"Surrender\"\", from \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\". Arnold and Black met several times to discuss lyrics for \"\"The World Is Not Enough\"\", also collaborating by phone, fax and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17040217", "chunk_text": "\"(The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance\"\n(The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance \"\"(The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance\"\" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, which was released by Gene Pitney in 1962. The song spent 13 weeks on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 4, while reaching No. 2 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade, and No. 4 on New Zealand's \"\"Lever Hit Parade\"\". Although the song never appeared in the film, \"\"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\"\", there is disagreement about whether the song had been intended to appear in it. Nevertheless, Pitney has stated that the song's recording session", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3192194", "chunk_text": "\"Geoff Love\"\nselection of instrumental versions of music and songs from the James Bond film series from \"\"Dr. No\"\" up to \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" (including Burt Bacharach's \"\"Casino Royale\"\" from the 1967 spoof Bond film) has since become one of Love's most sought after MFP albums. One of these MFP sets was called \"\"Glad with Love\"\" – which featured the pianist Mrs Mills and Geoff Love on a sing-along together – with studio audience participation. One of Love's most recognised arrangements was Rodrigo's Guitar Concerto De Aranjuez (Theme From 2nd Movement) by Manuel and the Music of the Mountains.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9230458", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Cooper\"\nand marked Alice Cooper's last UK Top 20 single of the 1970s with \"\"Teenage Lament '74\"\". An unsolicited theme song was recorded for the James Bond movie \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", but a different song of the same name by Lulu was chosen instead. By 1974, the \"\"Muscle of Love\"\" album still had not matched the top-charting success of its predecessor, and the band began to have constant disagreements. For various reasons, the members agreed to take what was expected to be a temporary hiatus. \"\"Everyone decided they needed a rest from one another\"\", said manager Shep Gordon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2070686", "chunk_text": "\"The Ballad of High Noon\"\nThe Ballad of High Noon “The Ballad of High Noon” (or “Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin’”) is a popular song published in 1952, with music by Dimitri Tiomkin and lyrics by Ned Washington. It is the theme song of the movie \"\"High Noon\"\", sung over the opening credits by Tex Ritter, with its tune repeated throughout the film. It was awarded the 1952 Academy Award for Best Original Song, and was performed that night for the Academy by Ritter. The song is about the film's main character, Will Kane (played by Gary Cooper), and the moral dilemma of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7849109", "chunk_text": "\"Licence to Kill\"\ntilt onto its side, it was not necessary as Julienne was able to pull off the stunt without the aid of camera trickery. Initially Vic Flick, who had played lead guitar on Monty Norman's original 007 theme, and Eric Clapton were asked to write and perform the theme song to \"\"Licence to Kill\"\" and they produced a theme to match Dalton's gritty performance, but the producers turned it down and instead Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen. The song (one of the longest to ever be used in a Bond film) was based on the \"\"horn line\"\" from \"\"Goldfinger\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773411", "chunk_text": "GoldenEye\nBond was shown to be wearing a watch by Omega, and he has since worn Omega watches in every subsequent production. The theme song, \"\"GoldenEye\"\", was written by Bono and the Edge, and was performed by Tina Turner. As the producers did not collaborate with Bono or the Edge, the film score did not incorporate any of the theme song's melodies, as was the case in previous James Bond films. Swedish group Ace of Base had also written a proposed theme song, but label Arista Records pulled the band out of the project fearing the negative impact in case the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11410517", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Gunn (song)\"\nPeter Gunn (song) \"\"Peter Gunn\"\" is the theme music composed by Henry Mancini for the television show of the same name. The song was the opening track on the original soundtrack album, \"\"The Music from Peter Gunn\"\", released in 1959. Mancini won an Emmy Award and two Grammys for Album of the Year and Best Arrangement. In his 1989 autobiography \"\"Did They Mention the Music?\"\" Mancini states: The wailing alto saxophone solo was played by big band veteran and Hollywood studio stalwart Ted Nash. Mancini arranged the first single version of the song for trumpeter Ray Anthony in 1959. Recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6726384", "chunk_text": "\"Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song)\"\nGoldfinger (Shirley Bassey song) \"\"Goldfinger\"\" is the title song from the 1964 James Bond film \"\"Goldfinger\"\". Composed by John Barry and with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, the song was performed by Shirley Bassey for the film's opening and closing title sequences, as well as the soundtrack album release. The single release of the song gave Bassey her only \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 top forty hit, peaking in the Top 10 at No. 8 and No. 2 for four weeks on the Adult Contemporary chart, and in the United Kingdom the single reached No. 21. The song finished at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3615847", "chunk_text": "\"Don Black (lyricist)\"\na song-plugger. He also had a brief spell as a comic. He was personal manager to the singer Matt Monro for many years and also provided songs for him (usually writing English language lyrics to continental songs). These included \"\"Walk Away\"\" (music: Udo Jürgens) and \"\"For Mamma\"\" (music: Charles Aznavour). Black's first film work was the lyrics for the theme of the James Bond entry \"\"Thunderball\"\" (1965). His association with the Bond series continued over several decades, with \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\" and \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", in collaboration with John Barry, and Surrender for \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12817379", "chunk_text": "\"Lionel Bart\"\nRichard) and \"\"Rock with the Cavemen\"\", \"\"Handful of Songs\"\", \"\"Butterfingers\"\" and \"\"Little White Bull\"\" (for Tommy Steele). During this period, Steele and Mike Pratt were his songwriting partners. He won three Ivor Novello Awards in 1957, a further four in 1958, and two in 1960. He wrote the theme song for the 1963 James Bond film \"\"From Russia with Love\"\". His other hits include: \"\"Do You Mind?\"\" (recorded by both Anthony Newley and Andy Williams), \"\"Big Time\"\" (a 1961 cover by Jack Jones of his \"\"Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be\"\" show tune), \"\"Easy Going Me\"\" (Adam Faith), and \"\"Always", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17600073", "chunk_text": "\"Moonlighting (theme song)\"\nMoonlighting (theme song) \"\"Moonlighting\"\" is the theme song to the ABC comedy-crime drama of the same name, which ran from 1985 to 1989 and starred Bruce Willis and Cybill Shepherd. The theme song was performed by Al Jarreau, who wrote the song with Lee Holdridge; it was produced by Nile Rodgers. Included on the soundtrack album for the series and released as a single in 1987, the song reached number 23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and spent one week at number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. In 1988 the song earned two Grammy Award nominations for Best Pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20177998", "chunk_text": "\"Exit the Dragon, Enter the Tiger\"\nTiger team up and take on the Hong Kong Mafia in search for the truth regarding the death of the martial arts legend. The film's music was composed by Fu Liang Chou under the name of Chow Fook-Leung. Similar to other film scores by Fu Liang Chou, excerpts from popular music of that time can be heard interpolated in the score. These excerpts include pieces of John Barry's 1974 score to \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", Pink Floyd's \"\"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\"\", and Isaac Hayes' theme to \"\"Three Tough Guys\"\", among others. In 1978 a sequel was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19686659", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Saltzman\"\nup through the ninth film in the series, 1974's \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\". Saltzman came close to rejecting Paul McCartney's submission for the soundtrack to \"\"Live and Let Die\"\". McCartney asked producer George Martin to approach the producers about the title song. Saltzman surprised Martin by asking who they could get to sing it, suggesting only black female vocalists. Martin pointed out that if he did not take McCartney as the singer, he did not get the song. Saltzman compromised by having McCartney do the title version, and B. J. Arnau do a soul version in the \"\"Fillet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "270739", "chunk_text": "\"The Man from Laramie\"\nWesterns to be filmed in CinemaScope to capture the vastness of the scenery. The film was also shot in Technicolor. This is the fifth and final Western collaboration between Anthony Mann and James Stewart. The movie's theme song of the same name, written by Lester Lee and Ned Washington, was recorded in the United States by Al Martino and in the United Kingdom by Jimmy Young. Young's version topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks in October 1955, while Martino's version (which did not chart in the U.S.) stalled at Number 19 that September. Will Lockhart becomes entangled in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13469870", "chunk_text": "\"The Six Million Dollar Man\"\na list of items and numbers is displayed and lists his powerplant as \"\"atomic\"\". Dusty Springfield, backed by Ron \"\"Escalade\"\" Piscina, sang the theme song written by Glen A. Larson, which was used in the opening and closing credits for the \"\"Wine, Women & War\"\" and \"\"The Solid Gold Kidnapping\"\" telefilms. The song was also used in the promotion of the series, but when the weekly series began the song was replaced by the instrumental theme by Oliver Nelson. The first regular episode, \"\"Population: Zero\"\", introduced a new element to the opening sequence: a voiceover by Oscar Goldman stating the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17629261", "chunk_text": "\"The Six Shooter\"\nVirginia Gregg, Harry Bartell, Howard McNear, Jeanette Nolan, Dan O'Herlihy, Alan Reed, Marvin Miller and William Conrad (often credited as \"\"Julius Krelboyne\"\" because he was also the star of CBS' \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" at the time). Some did multiple episodes playing different characters. Each episode opened with the announcer (Hal Gibney; John Wald in later episodes) stating: \"\"The man in the saddle is angular and long-legged. His skin is sun-dyed brown. The gun in his holster is gray steel and rainbow mother-of-pearl, its handle unmarked. People call them both \"\"the Six Shooter\"\".\"\" The haunting theme music was \"\"Highland Lament,\"\" arranged by series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11410519", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Gunn (song)\"\nBye\"\" that is on his 1967 soundtrack album \"\"Gunn...Number One!\"\". In addition to the many different arrangements of the \"\"Peter Gunn\"\" theme recorded by Mancini, the music has also been recorded by numerous other artists. In addition to the above cover versions, the 1983 video game \"\"Spy Hunter\"\" uses an electronic arrangement of this work for its in-game background music. Peter Gunn (song) \"\"Peter Gunn\"\" is the theme music composed by Henry Mancini for the television show of the same name. The song was the opening track on the original soundtrack album, \"\"The Music from Peter Gunn\"\", released in 1959.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4250981", "chunk_text": "\"Ballad of a Well-Known Gun\"\nBallad of a Well-Known Gun \"\"Ballad of a Well-Known Gun\"\" is a song by Elton John with lyrics by Bernie Taupin. It is the opening track of his third album, \"\"Tumbleweed Connection\"\" released in 1970. The song has a long intro, starting with various drum hits and guitar riffs. The piano joins in, and the song kicks off to a moderate 2/4 tempo. The guitar and piano creates a country-esque flavour. The chorus features a choir giving a Southern essence, setting the image for the entire album. One of the singers featured is Dusty Springfield, one of Elton's biggest idols.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977515", "chunk_text": "\"Rio Bravo (film)\"\nby the Nelson Riddle Orchestra, sings a specially composed song, \"\"Rio Bravo\"\", written by Tiomkin with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. Nelson later paid homage to both the film and his character, Colorado, by including the song \"\"Restless Kid\"\" on his 1959 LP, \"\"Ricky Sings Again\"\". Members of the Western Writers of America chose \"\"My Rifle, My Pony, and Me\"\" as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. A brief clip from \"\"Rio Bravo\"\" was among the archive footage later incorporated into the opening sequence of Wayne's last film, \"\"The Shootist,\"\" to illustrate the backstory of Wayne's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15304820", "chunk_text": "\"Maverick (TV series)\"\nWaco Williams\"\"), Douglas Heyes (\"\"The Quick and the Dead\"\"), Marion Hargrove (\"\"The Jail at Junction Flats\"\", \"\"Gun Shy\"\" and others), Howard Browne (\"\"Duel at Sundown\"\"), Leo Townsend (\"\"The Misfortune Teller\"\"), Gene Levitt (\"\"The Comstock Conspiracy\"\"), Leo Gordon (who also acted on the series although never in an episode that he had written; apparently the studio didn't want to foster a custom of actors writing their own scripts for television series), and George Waggner, among many others. The memorable theme song was penned by prolific composers David Buttolph (music) and Paul Francis Webster (lyrics). Buttolph's theme first appeared as incidental music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5519758", "chunk_text": "\"The Greatest Hits (Lulu album)\"\nThe Greatest Hits (Lulu album) The Greatest Hits is a 2003 Lulu album charting her 40-year career in music from 1964's UK top-ten hit \"\"Shout\"\" through 2002's \"\"We've Got Tonight,\"\" a UK top-five duet with Ronan Keating. It also covers everything in between, including her 1967 US 1 Hit \"\"To Sir With Love\"\", the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest winner \"\"Boom Bang-a-Bang\"\", the 1974 James Bond theme \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\", and the 1993 UK No. 1 Hit \"\"Relight My Fire\"\" (a duet with Take That). The album combines her UK hits such as \"\"The Boat That I Row\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_714	american horror story freak show girl kidnapped by clown?	n/a	[ "Bonnie Lipton" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247002", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\njealousy and cruelty towards everyone in the troupe leads her to make selfish decisions to achieve her personal desires. In the middle of all the chaos is the mysterious killer clown known as Twisty (John Carroll Lynch), who murders and kidnaps the townspeople. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In November 2013, FX announced that the show had been renewed for a fourth season. Series co-creator Ryan Murphy hinted that clues about the fourth season would be hidden in the final episodes of the third season. In March 2014, the season was revealed to be set at a carnival, according to co-executive producer/writer Douglas Petrie.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247000", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nown fame and stardom. She recruits conjoined twin sisters Bette and Dot Tattler (Sarah Paulson), whose two heads share one body, as new members of her troupe after being identified by the police as fugitives since Bette's recent murder of their overprotective mother during an argument. When the sisters arrive, they were welcomed by their fellow freaks; Elsa's subordinate and confidante Ethel Darling (Kathy Bates) the bearded lady, her lobster-handed son Jimmy Darling (Evan Peters), Paul the Illustrated Seal (Mat Fraser), the giantess Amazon Eve (Erika Ervin), the legless Suzi (Rose Siggins), pinheads Salty and Pepper (Christopher Neiman and Naomi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12356605", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\na Hollywood executive, arrives with his young protege Maggie Esmerelda (Emma Roberts), with the intention of murdering the freaks and sending their bodies to a museum for profit. The wealthy and spoiled Dandy Mott (Finn Wittrock), enabled by his doting mother Gloria (Frances Conroy), develops an unhealthy obsession with the freaks, particularly Bette and Dot. Perhaps the most dangerous of them all is a mysterious, deformed killer clown, only known as Twisty (John Carroll Lynch), who wreaks havoc among the town and appears to be targeting freaks and townspeople alike. Set in the year 2015, the season follows the strange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247001", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nGrossman), the youngest Meep (Ben Woolf), and the dwarf performers: ex-convict Toulouse (Drew Rin Varick) and Elsa's most significant companion Ma Petite (Jyoti Amge) who is the smallest of the group. During the troupe's first performance with the twins, the only spectators in the audience were wealthy socialite widow Gloria Mott (Frances Conroy) and her spoiled, mentally unstable son Dandy (Finn Wittrock), who displayed an unhealthy fascination for the freaks. Other new members of the troupe include Dell Toledo (Michael Chiklis), a strongman who was Ethel's ex-husband and Jimmy’s biological father; and his three-breasted wife Desiree Dupree (Angela Bassett). Elsa’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17246997", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nAmerican Horror Story: Freak Show American Horror Story: Freak Show is the fourth season of the FX horror anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\". It premiered on October 8, 2014 and concluded on January 21, 2015. The season is mainly set in 1952 Jupiter, Florida, telling the story of one of the last remaining freak shows in the United States, and their struggle for survival. Returning cast members from the of the series include: Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Denis O'Hare, Emma Roberts, Angela Bassett, Kathy Bates, Jessica Lange, Grace Gummer, Gabourey Sidibe, Danny Huston, Jamie Brewer, and Mare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17966113", "chunk_text": "\"Devil Girl\"\nThe clown stops at a gas station to steal a new ride; however, there is no vehicle to be found. The clown knocks out the cashier and steals the handy supply of drugs and junk food while a woman (the cowgirl) stops for gas. The clown then ties the woman up while Fay stops for gas. As Fay searches the station for a clerk the clown rummages through her car, stealing her wallet, and then leaves in the cowgirl's truck, which later breaks down. After the clown takes a mysterious ride in the Devil Girl's flying vehicle, and Fay's car", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247007", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\none of the central antagonist during the season, Twisty the Clown. In August 2014, Patti LaBelle joined the cast for a four-episode story arc as the mother of Sidibe's character, named Dora, the Motts' housekeeper. Also in August 2014, it was revealed that Matt Bomer would be guest-starring in one episode as Andy, Dell's secret lover. Murphy took to his Twitter account to announce that the world's smallest woman Jyoti Amge has joined the cast as Ma Petite. Murphy had written a role specifically for \"\"\"\" alum Leslie Jordan, but he was unable to appear on the show due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247012", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nfinale \"\"Curtain Call\"\". American Horror Story: Freak Show American Horror Story: Freak Show is the fourth season of the FX horror anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\". It premiered on October 8, 2014 and concluded on January 21, 2015. The season is mainly set in 1952 Jupiter, Florida, telling the story of one of the last remaining freak shows in the United States, and their struggle for survival. Returning cast members from the of the series include: Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Denis O'Hare, Emma Roberts, Angela Bassett, Kathy Bates, Jessica Lange, Grace Gummer, Gabourey Sidibe, Danny Huston, Jamie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12356604", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nBassett), arrive to join the freak show. To drum up business and save her troupe once and for all, Elsa also recruits conjoined twin sisters Bette and Dot Tattler (Sarah Paulson) to perform for her show. In a time when the era of television is beginning to reign high above sideshow acts, these individuals must overcome those who persecute them based on their looks. However, as the season unfolds, it is revealed that multiple dark entities have taken up residence in Jupiter, with all of their eyes being set on the freaks. A conman named Stanley (Denis O'Hare), posing as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10766223", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nThe sequence is composed of both CGI and stop-motion animation and features strange characters such as a skeleton chimera of a human being and an elephant riding a bicycle, a skeleton of what appears to be a single head but two bodies, a devil-like man, a boy in a wheel chair with deformed legs, a character with severe syndactyly of the hands and feet, a clown who can twist his head around, a woman with a third leg where her genitalia should be, and a demonic cymbal-banging monkey toy. There are also shots of side show attractions like the Human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5644768", "chunk_text": "\"The Day of the Clown\"\nwithout Maria Jackson (Yasmin Paige), she having moved to Washington, D.C. with her father. Meanwhile, the Chandras move into the Jacksons' old house on Bannerman Road and Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen) starts an investigation into disappearing children in the area. Sarah Jane makes Luke and Clyde promise her that they will not reveal her alien investigating secrets to the newcomers to Bannerman Road. Clyde Langer (Daniel Anthony) and Luke meet new girl Rani Chandra at school. After Clyde sees a clown in school prior to the sudden disappearance of a child, Rani reveals she is being stalked by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17246999", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nprevious installment, \"\"\"\". The season garnered a total of twenty Emmy Award nominations, the most for any season of \"\"American Horror Story\"\" to date, including nominations for Outstanding Limited Series, and six acting nominations for Lange, O'Hare, Wittrock, Paulson, Bassett, and Bates. In addition, Paulson won for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie or Limited Series at the 5th Critics' Choice Television Awards. In Jupiter, Florida in 1952, German expatriate Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange), is the ambitious owner of one of the last struggling freak shows in the United States, entitled \"\"Fräulein Elsa's Cabinet of Curiosities,\"\" and is seeking her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247005", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nwould be indeed coming back. They portrayed Desiree Dupree and Ethel Darling, respectively. In an interview with \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\", Sarah Paulson revealed she would be returning, possibly for a main role, which was later revealed to be the conjoined twins Bette and Dot Tattler. It was announced at the PaleyFest 2014 that the cast members present at the panel would all be returning for the fourth season in some capacity, including Denis O'Hare (Stanley), Emma Roberts (Maggie Esmerelda), Frances Conroy (Gloria Mott), Evan Peters (Jimmy Darling), and Gabourey Sidibe (Regina Ross). Jamie Brewer was also added to the present", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12356606", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nand dangerous happenings that seem to center around the retro Hotel Cortez in downtown Los Angeles, California, initially built as a secret torture chamber to fulfill the violent desires of founder James March (Evan Peters). Detective John Lowe (Wes Bentley) arrives at the hotel, based on intel from an anonymous tip, to investigate a grisly string of murders, each of which exemplify a sin in violation of one of the Ten Commandments. He has become estranged from his wife Alex (Chloe Sevigny), who suffers from depression, and his daughter Scarlett (Shree Crooks), after the disappearance of their son Holden (Lennon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12911521", "chunk_text": "\"Show Stoppers (American Horror Story)\"\nfor making him commit all those atrocities. Dot and Bette warn Elsa that she needs to leave immediately, as her monsters intend on killing her to avenge Ethel's murder. Desiree and the others raid Elsa's tent, but find that she's already gone. A bloody and distraught Chester walks into a police station and admits to a murder, revealing Marjorie to the confused officers. Elsa meets with Dandy before she leaves town and receives $10,000 in exchange for the freak show. As Dandy revels on his new stage, he discovers a mutilated Stanley, who now resembles Meep. His arms are amputated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7893003", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\n(Sarah Paulson), who is yearning to find a story for her big break. At Briarcliff, Kit meets the other patients, many of whom claim to be unjustly institutionalized, including microcephalic Pepper (Naomi Grossman), who was framed for her nephew's murder; nymphomaniac Shelley (Chloe Sevigny), whose husband hypocritically committed her after finding her in bed with two guys; and the unassuming Grace Bertrand (Lizzie Brocheré) from France, who appears to be harboring a deep secret of her own. Believed to be a violent serial killer, he becomes the subject of interest of pragmatic psychiatrist Oliver Thredson (Zachary Quinto) and the sadistic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17966115", "chunk_text": "\"Devil Girl\"\nand being thrown out of the club. After being driven back to the motel by an interested young man, Fay is raped in her room by a masked man and assumes it was the clown, due to the fact that she saw him outside of her window. The next night, the clown is back at the strip club, only to be kicked in the face by Fay and once again thrown out. Fay leaves in a rage to be picked up by the Devil Girl, and the two partake in sexual activities. The Devil Girl then confronts the local preacher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5644770", "chunk_text": "\"The Day of the Clown\"\nmissing children and having a ticket herself. Sarah Jane and Clyde explore the Museum of the Circus and encounter Elijah Spellman (Bradley Walsh). Soon they are joined by Rani and Luke and Spellman sets his robotic clowns on the group. Sarah Jane halts the clowns with her sonic lipstick, and Luke theorises that Spellman is an alien. As Sarah Jane, Luke, Clyde and Rani attempt to escape the building, Spellman reveals himself to have been the legendary Pied Piper of Hamelin and now Odd Bob the Clown seeking to feed off their fear. Sarah Jane and the rest escape through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16079755", "chunk_text": "\"Show Stoppers (American Horror Story)\"\nShow Stoppers (American Horror Story) \"\"Show Stoppers\"\" is the twelfth episode of the of the anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\", which premiered on January 14, 2015 on the cable network FX. It was written by Jessica Sharzer and directed by Loni Peristere. The Freaks hold a feast to welcome Chester (Neil Patrick Harris) as the new owner of the freak show, but after Elsa (Jessica Lange) asks him to leave her and the troupe alone, she reveals their true intentions. Maggie (Emma Roberts) reveals to Stanley (Denis O'Hare) that she told them everything he had done, outing him as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4820395", "chunk_text": "\"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (American Horror Story)\"\nDon't Be Afraid of the Dark (American Horror Story) \"\"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark\"\" is the second episode of the of the anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\". It aired on September 12, 2017, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Tim Minear, and directed by Liza Johnson. Ivy (Alison Pill) inspects the bedroom and finds nothing. Oz (Cooper Dodson) has a night terror involving Twisty the Clown (John Carrol Lynch) and Ally (Sarah Paulson) and Ivy rush to his bedside. Oz takes particular comfort in Ivy, dismaying Ally. Beverly Hope (Adina Porter) reports on Kai's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17966117", "chunk_text": "\"Devil Girl\"\nshown to have been in leagues with the preacher and takes off searching for Fay after discovering the preacher's body. The young man is picked up by a police officer while Fay takes off with the clown on a motorcycle. The clown brings Fay to her car, where she finds the keys in the ignition, and prepares to leave while the clown tries to explain his feelings, and the motel owner is gaining ground. Fay drives off with the motel owner in pursuit with a pistol in his hand. As the motel owner takes aim at Fay, the clown pulls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6466454", "chunk_text": "\"Fearful Pranks Ensue\"\nthe best of the ghoulish evening is yet to come.\"\" Fearful Pranks Ensue \"\"Fearful Pranks Ensue\"\" is the fourth episode of the of the anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\", which premiered on October 30, 2013, on the cable network FX. This episode is rated TV-MA (LSV). In this episode, the coven is visited by the Council of Witchcraft after they are notified of Madison (Emma Roberts)'s disappearance. Angela Bassett and Gabourey Sidibe guest star as Marie Laveau and Queenie, respectively. This episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or a Movie.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247006", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Freak Show\"\nroster, although Murphy later indicated Brewer may not appear during the season. She was later confirmed to portray the ventriloquist dummy Marjorie after appearing in a promo for the final episodes. Additionally, Michael Chiklis was announced to play the father of Peters' character and ex-husband of Bates' character, the strongman Dell Toledo. Finn Wittrock was the last lead actor joining the cast. He portrayed the psychopathic Dandy Mott. In July 2014, \"\"TVLine\"\" reported that Wes Bentley would appear in the season' two-part Halloween episode as Edward Mordrake. At the Comic-Con 2014, it was announced that John Carroll Lynch would portray", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17069964", "chunk_text": "\"Ed the Happy Clown\"\nchildren are kidnapped by stone aliens and are saved by Frankenstein's monster, who brings them to Washington, D.C. where they find their kidnapped real father. Josie and Ed's zombie friend rescues the Backmans. Ed has his clown makeup restored and reverts to his cheerful self. When he goes to visit Josie, he learns her apartment building has burned down, and she was the only casualty. Her charred skeleton is brought out, clutching an unburnt severed hand. The alternate ending from the 1992 and later versions drops most of the story that follows Chet's death, replacing it with 17 new pages.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19248276", "chunk_text": "Terrifier\nwho apparently believes the doll she’s holding is her child. Unnerved but polite, Tara excuses herself. While Tara is in the warehouse, there is a broadcast on the radio in Dawn's car. Its a local warning from the police that there has been a double murder at a local pizza restaurant and the killer is described as a man in a black and white clown suit. Dawn turns the radio up and is intently listening when her car door is opened. She thinks it's Tara but when she looks up, its Art the Clown staring venomously at her. Eventually, Tara", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7893019", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nwonder if she was truly attacked, or if they were merely hallucinations. Kai's faithful followers include Ally's eccentric neighbors Harrison (Billy Eichner) and Meadow Wilton (Leslie Grossman), reporter Beverly Hope (Adina Porter), detective Jack Samuels (Colton Haynes), and supermarket owner Gary K. Longstreet (Chaz Bono). With Kai's rise to power revealing sinister motives, Ally starts to draw connections between her alleged clown attackers and the many strange incidents occurring in Brookfield Heights. She begins to fear that everyone in town is out to get her, amplifying her growing distrust of those around her, especially her neighbors. In the near future,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12356607", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nHenry) five years earlier. As the season unfolds, the Lowes discover that the disappearance of Holden may be related to the strange activities at the hotel, led by March's fashionista widow Elizabeth Johnson (Lady Gaga), also known as the Countess—who was turned into a vampire by her former lovers, actor Rudolph Valentino (Finn Wittrock) and his wife Natacha Rambova (Alexandra Daddario)—and her current lover Donovan (Matt Bomer). Throughout his investigation, John also becomes entangled with the spirits of heroin junkie named Sally (Sarah Paulson), hotel maid Hazel Evers (Mare Winningham), and James March, who is looking for a protege to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12356603", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nFlorida. Decades have passed since the public has looked upon freak shows as a form of entertainment, but Elsa dreams of finding a home for her \"\"monsters\"\", as well as for her own fame and fortune. Other members of her troupe include Jimmy Darling (Evan Peters), a boy born with syndactyly who dreams of living a normal life, and his mother Ethel (Kathy Bates), a bearded lady who is Elsa's second-in-command by maintaining law and order under the tent. A strongman from Ethel's past and Jimmy's biological father named Dell Toledo (Michael Chiklis), and his three-breasted wife Desiree Dupree (Angela", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12127177", "chunk_text": "\"Orphans (American Horror Story)\"\nInstead, he chops off his head and sells it to the Museum of Morbid Curiosities. Stanley visits Jimmy (Evan Peters) in jail. While Jimmy cannot remember what happened due to his drunken state, Stanley assures him he will be fine as long as he has a good lawyer. Stanley promises to get him a good lawyer, but Jimmy says he can't afford one, and Stanley nonchalantly suggests that Jimmy could sell his hands. Back at the freak show, a drunk Maggie (Emma Roberts) is confronted by Desiree (who wants to run off with Angus) to get a reading. Maggie engages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3467672", "chunk_text": "\"Orphans (American Horror Story)\"\nready to leave Pepper's tent, Pepper has a meltdown and tears her tent apart. The next day, Desiree talks with Elsa about what to do about Pepper. Elsa discloses the history of the freak show, starting with her days as a chorus girl in a carnival in Boston, Massachusetts, after she immigrated to America back in 1936. Noticing that freaks weren't treated as they should be, she decided to start a company of her own. She first recruited Pepper (then 18 years old), from an orphanage, and quickly befriended her. Pepper’s sister abandoned her because she did not want the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16249126", "chunk_text": "\"Fearful Pranks Ensue\"\nFearful Pranks Ensue \"\"Fearful Pranks Ensue\"\" is the fourth episode of the of the anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\", which premiered on October 30, 2013, on the cable network FX. This episode is rated TV-MA (LSV). In this episode, the coven is visited by the Council of Witchcraft after they are notified of Madison (Emma Roberts)'s disappearance. Angela Bassett and Gabourey Sidibe guest star as Marie Laveau and Queenie, respectively. This episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or a Movie. Racial tensions ride higher than ever in New Orleans as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12911520", "chunk_text": "\"Show Stoppers (American Horror Story)\"\nof Chester, admit they no longer want to be his assistants after he asks to saw them in two as part of his performance. When they leave Maggie volunteers to do the trick instead and enters the box. While hallucinating about his deceased wife and her lover, Chester rigs the trick so it can't be performed properly. Not realizing what he had just done, Chester saws Maggie in half, killing her. To the freaks dismay, they find her body and decide to bury her. Chester runs out of the tent to his room where he then \"\"murders\"\" Marjorie (Jamie Brewer)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10184864", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nhad been struck to feature an \"\"American Horror Story\"\" exhibit at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Orlando for their \"\"Halloween Horror Nights\"\". The maze will feature sets and themes from \"\"Murder House\"\", \"\"Freak Show\"\", and \"\"Hotel\"\". Universal said of the experience, \"\"Twisted scenes from \"\"Murder House\"\" will unleash the evil spirits that possess the Harmon estate, spiraling guests through decades of the tortured dead who previously resided there. In \"\"Freak Show\"\", guests will join a troupe of biological misfits in a sinister sideshow where they'll be stalked by the murderous and deformed Twisty the Clown. Finally, guests will succumb to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18396866", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Cult\"\n8th Critics' Choice TV Awards. The fictional city of Brookfield Heights, Michigan is left divided by the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Local restaurant owner Ally Mayfair-Richards (Sarah Paulson) is utterly distraught by Donald Trump's victory and several of her longstanding phobias, including coulrophobia, hemophobia, and trypophobia, flare up as a result. Similarly devastated is fellow Brookfield Heights resident Winter Anderson (Billie Lourd), a liberal college dropout. Contrarily, Kai Anderson (Evan Peters), Winter's estranged and manipulative brother, rejoices at the election results and is enticed to pursue political power. Kai recruits a disillusioned Winter and frustrated newscast reporter Beverly Hope (Adina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14936835", "chunk_text": "\"Monsters Among Us\"\nMonsters Among Us \"\"Monsters Among Us\"\" is the premiere episode of the of the anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\", which premiered on October 8, 2014 on the cable network FX. It was co-written by creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk and directed by Murphy. The episode introduces Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange) who runs one of the last remaining freak shows in the United States in the hamlet of Jupiter, Florida, and her recruitment of conjoined twins Bette and Dot Tattler (Sarah Paulson). It also introduces the rest of her traveling performers and the murderous clown known as Twisty (John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8800825", "chunk_text": "\"The Freak\"\nThe Freak The Freak was an unfinished dramatic comedy from Charles Chaplin. The story revolved around a young South American girl who unexpectedly sprouts a pair of wings. She is kidnapped and taken to London, where her captors cash in by passing her off as an angel. Later she escapes, only to be arrested because of her appearance. She is further dehumanized by standing trial to determine if she is human at all. Chaplin began work in and around 1969 with his daughter Victoria in mind for the lead role. However, Victoria's abrupt marriage and his advanced age proved roadblocks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3383633", "chunk_text": "\"Clown (film)\"\notherwise it will go after Jack. A child from the dental clinic, where Meg works as a nurse, recognizes her and the girl asks for a lift home when she cannot find her parents. Meg drives her to the \"\"special place\"\" and locks her out of the car. She suddenly changes her mind when she thinks Kent is coming, but it turns out to be a police officer (since the Chuck E. Cheese's incident drew attention from authorities). Once Meg realizes that Kent is not there, she drives back home knowing that the demon is going after Jack. Kent, now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14200317", "chunk_text": "\"Magical Thinking (American Horror Story)\"\nthat both of his hands have been removed. Dell visits him at the hospital and realizes Stanley double crossed Jimmy. The two make plans to buy the Freak Show from Elsa (Jessica Lange) once she leaves for Hollywood. Bette and Dot (Sarah Paulson) set out to find someone to deflower them, when they come across traveling Salesman, Chester (Neil Patrick Harris). Chester dreams of performing his magic act in front of an audience, along with his Dummy named Marjorie (Jamie Brewer). Chester also reveals that after fighting in Normandy, he had a metal plate implanted in his skull; which causes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9107994", "chunk_text": "\"Spooky Little Girl\"\nSpooky Little Girl \"\"Spooky Little Girl\"\" is the ninth episode of the of the television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\", which premiered on the network FX on November 30, 2011. The episode was written by Jennifer Salt and was directed by John Scott. This episode is rated TV-MA (LSV). In this episode, a famous murder victim visits the house while Constance (Jessica Lange) learns of Tate's (Evan Peters) bad behavior. Kate Mara guest stars as Hayden McClaine. Taissa Farmiga is absent in this episode. A young, aspiring actress (Mena Suvari) arrives in Los Angeles, and prostitutes herself to a dentist (Joshua", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10184859", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\na gang of clowns rising from a casket, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton masks, a George Washington statue, a dead dog killed by toxic gas, a Merry Go Round, bloody hands that cannot be washed, a beehive, toxic smoke released from a grenade, holes in several forms, a bloody US flag with the sound of a xylophone playing The Star-Spangled Banner, a blood covered couple having sex, a magician pulling guts out of a hat and a handcuffed pinky promise. \"\"Apocalypse\"\"s opening sequence features the original theme music from the first three seasons. Red and white are the main colors,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "520721", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nRabe); and their deformed son Thaddeus (Ben Woolf). Flashbacks depict the mansion's previous homeowners throughout the last century, dating back to its construction in the 1920s. Set in the year 1964, the season follows the patients and staff members of the church-owned Briarcliff Manor, located in Massachusetts, which was founded to treat and house the criminally insane. Kit Walker (Evan Peters), accused of being a prolific serial killer named \"\"Bloody Face\"\" after the disappearance of his wife Alma (Britne Olford)—though he claims she was abducted by aliens—is incarcerated at Briarcliff. This piques the interest of ambitious lesbian journalist Lana Winters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12356602", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\nthe swamps named Misty Day (Lily Rabe), Fiona returns to the school to ensure the safety of the other young witches, but also to fulfill her own hidden agenda. Events reveal a long-held rivalry between the witches of Salem and the voodoo practitioners of New Orleans, as well as a historic grudge between Voodoo Queen Marie Laveau (Angela Bassett) and socialite serial killer Delphine LaLaurie (Kathy Bates), who tortured and murdered her slaves in the 1830s. Set in the year 1952, the season follows a struggling freak show led by Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange) in the quiet town of Jupiter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9107995", "chunk_text": "\"Spooky Little Girl\"\nMalina), who lives and works out of the house. He puts her under anesthesia and rapes her, but finds her unresponsive afterward. Panicked, he drags her down to the basement, and encounters Dr. Montgomery (Matt Ross), who offers to help her, but instead dismembers her. Her remains are found in a field by a mother and child (Caitlin Dahl & Ava Kolker), revealing her to be the Black Dahlia, Elizabeth Short. A detective (Geoffrey Rivas) and Hayden's sister, Marla (Tanya Clarke), arrive at the house, believing she has been murdered. However, Hayden (Kate Mara) appears and assures them she is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3538264", "chunk_text": "Unruhe\ncriticized the plotline featuring Scully being kidnapped. Critical attention also expressed a positive opinion of how scary the episode was in nature. Guest actor Taylor Vince received positive reviews as the episode's antagonist. In Traverse City, Michigan, Mary Lefante goes to a local pharmacy to get her passport photo taken. Realizing she has forgotten her wallet, she returns to her car and finds that her boyfriend has been murdered. The killer, clad in a hooded raincoat, renders Lefante unconscious with a hypodermic needle, then kidnaps her. Meanwhile, in the pharmacy, the elderly clerk peels open Lefante's developed photo, which shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16079756", "chunk_text": "\"Show Stoppers (American Horror Story)\"\na con artist and a murderer. They also reveal the head of the Museum of Morbid Curiosities curator; Lillian Hemmings (Celia Weston), whom Desiree (Angela Basset) had murdered for revenge. Stanley pleads with them to let him live, claiming Elsa isn't to be trusted, and that she was the one who murdered Ethel (Kathy Bates). The freaks ignore him and proceed to chase Stanley around the camp with weapons, presumably murdering him under a wagon. Dandy visits the twins (Sarah Paulson) and warns them of Chester's dark past, but they demand him to leave after saying they don't trust him.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19526096", "chunk_text": "\"Insane Clown Poppy\"\nis being held. They find a room filled with violin cases, but most of them are filled with weapons. They attempt to sneak out with the cases, but they fall to the ground and a mob shootout erupts around them; Krusty finds the violin, and the two escape. The next day, Krusty gives the violin back to Sophie, who is delighted to find that the case has been lined with money. The episode was written by John Frink and Don Payne and features guest stars Jay Mohr as Christopher Walken, Stephen King as himself, Amy Tan as herself, John Updike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19248272", "chunk_text": "Terrifier\nTerrifier Terrifier is a 2017 American horror film directed by Damien Leone and starring David Howard Thornton, Jenna Kanell, and Catherine Corcoran. It is based on Leone's short film of the same name which was featured in his anthology \"\"All Hallows' Eve\"\". It premiered at the Telluride Horror Show Film Festival in 2016 before being picked up by Dread Central Presents and Epic Pictures for a limited 2018 release. Monica interviews a severely disfigured woman, the lone survivor of a massacre. Monica mentions the assailant, known only as “Art the Clown,” disappeared from the morgue but the woman emphatically asserts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10184863", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story\"\npatients and some staff (such as Dr. Thredson, played by Zachary Quinto, and Sister Mary Eunice, played by Lily Rabe) lying in twin beds and dealing with their individual issues as the heads of the asylum (Jessica Lange, Joseph Fiennes and James Cromwell) look on. The song \"\"Que Sera, Sera\"\", mixed with the show's theme music, plays. To promote \"\"Cult\"\", a competition was set up where fans who donated to the Children's Hospital Los Angeles could get a chance to get a walk-on role in an episode, and lunch with Evan Peters. On August 16, 2016, FX announced a deal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7042259", "chunk_text": "\"Fair-Haired Child\"\nFair-Haired Child \"\"Fair Haired Child\"\" is the ninth episode of the first season of \"\"Masters of Horror\"\". It originally aired in North America on January 6, 2006. A 15-year-old outcast named Tara is kidnapped by a strange couple and locked in a basement with their son who has a dark secret. Tara (Lindsay Pulsipher), though a pretty and talented teenage girl, is not liked at her school and has no friends. Upon returning home one day, she is kidnapped and drugged. She awakens and attempts to escape but the kidnapper (William Samples) throws her into the basement, where Tara finds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5058900", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Loomis\"\nCarruthers' scream, and sees an emotionless Jamie standing at the top of the stairs, wearing a clown mask, holding a pair of scissors in her hand, with her costume stained with blood (similar to Michael when he killed his older sister Judith). Sheriff Meeker prevents Loomis from shooting her and both men, Mr. Carruthers, and Rachel watch in horror, realizing that Jamie is following in Michael's footsteps. \"\"\"\", taking place a year later, has Loomis assigned to Jamie at the Haddonfield Children's Clinic, treating her for attacking her foster mother under Michael's influence. Aware that Michael is still alive, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_715	the probability of making a type i error when retaining ho at the .05 level of significance is?	n/a	[ "5%" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5373811", "chunk_text": "\"Type I and type II errors\"\ngiven that it is true. It is denoted by the Greek letter α (alpha) and is also called the alpha level. Often, the significance level is set to 0.05 (5%), implying that it is acceptable to have a 5% probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. A type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but erroneously fails to be rejected. It is failing to assert what is present, a miss. A type II error may be compared with a so-called false negative (where an actual 'hit' was disregarded by the test and seen as a 'miss') in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13244406", "chunk_text": "\"Type I and type II errors\"\nand type II error. A type I error occurs when the null hypothesis (\"\"H\"\") is true, but is rejected. It is asserting something that is absent, a false hit. A type I error may be likened to a so-called false positive (a result that indicates that a given condition is present when it actually is not present). In terms of folk tales, an investigator may see the wolf when there is none (\"\"raising a false alarm\"\"). Where the null hypothesis, \"\"H\"\", is: no wolf. The type I error rate or significance level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16037619", "chunk_text": "\"Verification and validation of computer simulation models\"\nreject H, the model needs adjustment. There are two types of error that can occur using hypothesis testing, rejecting a valid model called type I error or \"\"model builders risk\"\" and accepting an invalid model called Type II error, β, or \"\"model user's risk\"\". The level of significance or α is equal the probability of type I error. If α is small then rejecting the null hypothesis is a strong conclusion. For example, if α = 0.05 and the null hypothesis is rejected there is only a 0.05 probability of rejecting a model that is valid. Decreasing the probability of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399916", "chunk_text": "\"Statistical significance\"\ntrue (a type I error). It is usually set at or below 5%. For example, when α is set to 5%, the conditional probability of a type I error, \"\"given that the null hypothesis is true\"\", is 5%, and a statistically significant result is one where the observed \"\"p\"\"-value is less than 5%. When drawing data from a sample, this means that the rejection region comprises 5% of the sampling distribution. These 5% can be allocated to one side of the sampling distribution, as in a one-tailed test, or partitioned to both sides of the distribution as in a two-tailed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19762526", "chunk_text": "Nomogram\nmaking a Type II error. A \"\"Type II\"\" error is failing to reject the statistical null hypothesis (i.e., \"\"ρ\"\" or \"\"δ\"\" is zero), when in fact the null hypothesis is false in the population and should be rejected. Cohen (1977) recommends using power equal to 0.80 or 80%, for a \"\"β\"\" = 0.20 . The sample size or number of cases required is reported for two standard levels of statistical significance (\"\"α\"\" = 0.01 or 0.05). The value of \"\"α\"\" is the probability of making a Type I error. A \"\"Type I\"\" error is rejecting the statistical null hypothesis (i.e.,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5787156", "chunk_text": "\"Closed testing procedure\"\nbe tested and the overall type I error rate is 0.05. Then \"\"H\"\" can be rejected at level α if \"\"H\"\" ∩ \"\"H\"\" ∩ \"\"H\"\", \"\"H\"\" ∩ \"\"H\"\", \"\"H\"\" ∩ \"\"H\"\" and \"\"H\"\" can all be rejected using valid tests with level 0.05. The Holm–Bonferroni method is a special case of a closed test procedure for which each intersection null hypothesis is tested using the simple Bonferroni test. As such, it controls the familywise error rate for all the \"\"k\"\" hypotheses at level α in the strong sense. Multiple test procedures developed using the graphical approach for constructing and illustrating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5382110", "chunk_text": "Biostatistics\ntype II error or false negative is the failure to reject a false null hypothesis. The significance level denoted by α is the type I error rate and should be chosen before performing the test. The type II error rate is denoted by β and statistical power of the test is 1 − β. The p-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as or more extreme than those observed, assuming the null hypothesis (H) is true. It is also called the calculated probability. It is common to confuse the p-value with the significance level (α), but, the α", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1568811", "chunk_text": "\"Rodger's method\"\neither 5 or 1 percent. Whenever a researcher falsely rejects a true null contrast (whether it is a planned or \"\"post hoc\"\" one) the probability of that being a type 1 error is 100%. It is the average number of such errors over the long run that Rodger’s method guarantees cannot exceed Eα = 0.05 or 0.01. This statement is a logical tautology, a necessary truth, that follows from the manner in which Rodger’s method was originally conceived and subsequently built. Type 1 error rate inflation is statistically impossible with Rodger’s method, but every statistical decision a researcher makes that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344055", "chunk_text": "\"Error exponent\"\nis received, the probability that the codeword is incorrectly detected as formula_9 is: The function formula_11 has upper bound for formula_13 Thus, Since there are a total of \"\"M\"\" messages, and the entries in the codebook are i.i.d., the probability that formula_7 is confused with any other message is formula_6 times the above expression. Using the Hokey union bound, the probability of confusing formula_7 with any message is bounded by: for any formula_19. Averaging over all combinations of formula_20: Choosing formula_22 and combining the two sums over formula_23 in the above formula: Using the independence nature of the elements of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10292093", "chunk_text": "\"Power (statistics)\"\nPower (statistics) The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test rejects the null hypothesis (H) when a specific alternative hypothesis (H) is true. The statistical power ranges from 0 to 1, and as statistical power increases, the probability of making a type II error (wrongly failing to reject the null) decreases. For a type II error probability of β, the corresponding statistical power is 1 − β. For example, if experiment 1 has a statistical power of 0.7, and experiment 2 has a statistical power of 0.95, then there is a stronger probability that experiment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13244403", "chunk_text": "\"Type I and type II errors\"\nII error is denoted by β. These error rates are traded off against each other: for any given sample set, the effort to reduce one type of error generally results in increasing the other type of error. For a given test, the only way to reduce both error rates is to increase the sample size, and this may not be feasible. A test statistic is robust if the Type I error rate is controlled. How likely the results are to be found if the null hypothesis is true is called statistical significance. These terms are also used in a more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344059", "chunk_text": "\"Error exponent\"\nsequence formula_54 was generated at the source, so that formula_55 Then the probability of error can be broken down as formula_56 Thus, attention can be focused on finding an upper bound to the formula_57. Let formula_58 denote the event that the source sequence formula_59 was mapped to the same message as the source sequence formula_54 and that formula_61. Thus, letting formula_62 denote the event that the two source sequences formula_63 and formula_64 map to the same message, we have that and using the fact that formula_66 and is independent of everything else have that A simple upper bound for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18186216", "chunk_text": "P-value\nthe \"\"p\"\"-value is calculated correctly, this test guarantees that the type I error rate is at most \"\"α\"\". For typical analysis, using the standard \"\"α\"\" = 0.05 cutoff, the null hypothesis is rejected when \"\"p\"\" < .05 and not rejected when \"\"p\"\" > .05. The \"\"p\"\"-value does not, in itself, support reasoning about the probabilities of hypotheses but is only a tool for deciding whether to reject the null hypothesis. Usually, formula_2 is a test statistic, rather than any of the actual observations. A test statistic is the output of a scalar function of all the observations. This statistic provides", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11532091", "chunk_text": "Statistics\nprobability of a value accurately rejecting the null hypothesis (sometimes referred to as the p-value). The standard approach is to test a null hypothesis against an alternative hypothesis. A critical region is the set of values of the estimator that leads to refuting the null hypothesis. The probability of type I error is therefore the probability that the estimator belongs to the critical region given that null hypothesis is true (statistical significance) and the probability of type II error is the probability that the estimator doesn't belong to the critical region given that the alternative hypothesis is true. The statistical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18334410", "chunk_text": "\"Clinical significance\"\neach participant. HLM also allows for analysis of growth curve models of dyads and groups. Clinical significance In medicine and psychology, clinical significance is the practical importance of a treatment effect—whether it has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life. Statistical significance is used in hypothesis testing, whereby the null hypothesis (that there is no relationship between variables) is tested. A level of significance is selected (most commonly α = 0.05 or 0.01), which signifies the probability of incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis. If there is a significant difference between two groups at α = 0.05, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3511382", "chunk_text": "\"Statistical hypothesis testing\"\n\"\"c\"\"=10, gives: Thus, \"\"c\"\" = 10 yields a much greater probability of false positive. Before the test is actually performed, the maximum acceptable probability of a Type I error (\"\"α\"\") is determined. Typically, values in the range of 1% to 5% are selected. (If the maximum acceptable error rate is zero, an infinite number of correct guesses is required.) Depending on this Type 1 error rate, the critical value \"\"c\"\" is calculated. For example, if we select an error rate of 1%, \"\"c\"\" is calculated thus: From all the numbers c, with this property, we choose the smallest, in order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20248404", "chunk_text": "SigSpec\nSigSpec SigSpec is an acronym of \"\"SIGnificance SPECtrum\"\" and addresses a statistical technique to provide the reliability of periodicities in a measured (noisy and not necessarily equidistant) time series. It relies on the amplitude spectrum obtained by the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and assigns a quantity called the spectral significance (frequently abbreviated by “sig”) to each amplitude. This quantity is a logarithmic measure of the probability that the given amplitude level is due to white noise, in the sense of a type I error. It represents the answer to the question, “What would be the chance to obtain an amplitude", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17482161", "chunk_text": "P-value\n0.028 (the highest test statistic out of 6×6 = 36 possible outcomes). If the researcher assumed a significance level of 0.05, this result would be deemed significant and the hypothesis that the dice are fair would be rejected. In this case, a single roll provides a very weak basis (that is, insufficient data) to draw a meaningful conclusion about the dice. This illustrates the danger with blindly applying \"\"p\"\"-value without considering the experiment design. Suppose a researcher flips a coin five times in a row and assumes a null hypothesis that the coin is fair. The test statistic of \"\"total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1065405", "chunk_text": "\"Randomized controlled trial\"\nfor defining evidence-based medical care\"\" and that RCTs' results are \"\"evidence of the highest grade.\"\" However, a 2001 study published in \"\"Journal of the American Medical Association\"\" concluded that \"\"discrepancies beyond chance do occur and differences in estimated magnitude of treatment effect are very common\"\" between observational studies and RCTs. Two other lines of reasoning question RCTs' contribution to scientific knowledge beyond other types of studies: Like all statistical methods, RCTs are subject to both type I (\"\"false positive\"\") and type II (\"\"false negative\"\") statistical errors. Regarding Type I errors, a typical RCT will use 0.05 (i.e., 1 in 20)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17811690", "chunk_text": "\"Probability of success\"\nnot to support registration. Therefore it doesn't make sense to control type I error rate, especially a big type I error, as typically done in a phase II trial. A pilot trial usually provides evidence to support a Go/No Go decision for a confirmatory trial. Therefore it makes more sense to design a trial based on PPOS. To support a No/Go decision, traditional methods require the PPOS to be small. However the PPOS can be small just due to chance. To solve this issue, we can require the PPOS credible interval to be tight such that the PPOS calculation is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636221", "chunk_text": "P-value\n5 and a \"\"p\"\"-value of formula_34, which is exactly what is expected. Suppose instead that the test statistic for this experiment was the \"\"number of alternations\"\" (that is, the number of times when H followed T or T followed H), which is one-tailed. That would yield a test statistic of 9, which is extreme and has a \"\"p\"\"-value of formula_35. That would be considered extremely significant, well beyond the 0.05 level. These data indicate that, in terms of one test statistic, the data set is extremely unlikely to have occurred by chance, but it does not suggest that the coin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3075181", "chunk_text": "P-value\nis 0.115. In the above example: Note that the Prob(no. of heads ≤ 14 heads) = 1 - Prob(no. of heads ≥ 14 heads) + Prob(no. of head = 14) = 1 - 0.058 + 0.036 = 0.978; however, symmetry of the binomial distribution makes it an unnecessary computation to find the smaller of the two probabilities. Here, the calculated \"\"p\"\"-value exceeds 0.05, so the observation is consistent with the null hypothesis, as it falls within the range of what would happen 95% of the time were the coin in fact fair. Hence, the null hypothesis at the 5% level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5373805", "chunk_text": "\"Type I and type II errors\"\nbeen suggested as \"\"Type III errors\"\", though none have wide use. In practice, the difference between a false positive and false negative is usually not obvious, since all statistical hypothesis tests have a probability of making type I and type II errors. For example, all blood tests for a disease will falsely detect the disease in some proportion of people who don't have it, and will fail to detect the disease in some proportion of people who do have it. A test's probability of making a type I error is denoted by α. A test's probability of making a type", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5112051", "chunk_text": "\"Clinical significance\"\nClinical significance In medicine and psychology, clinical significance is the practical importance of a treatment effect—whether it has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life. Statistical significance is used in hypothesis testing, whereby the null hypothesis (that there is no relationship between variables) is tested. A level of significance is selected (most commonly α = 0.05 or 0.01), which signifies the probability of incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis. If there is a significant difference between two groups at α = 0.05, it means that there is only a 5% probability of obtaining the observed results under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7414653", "chunk_text": "\"Holm–Bonferroni method\"\nthat one or more Type I errors will occur) by adjusting the rejection criteria of each of the individual hypotheses. The method is as follows: The Holm–Bonferroni method ensures that this method will control the formula_13, where formula_14 is the family-wise error rate The simple Bonferroni correction rejects only null hypotheses with \"\"p\"\"-value less than formula_15, in order to ensure that the risk of rejecting one or more true null hypotheses (i.e., of committing one or more type I errors) is at most formula_6. The cost of this protection against type I errors is an increased risk of accepting one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5237357", "chunk_text": "\"Power (statistics)\"\nthe two populations are the same). In regression analysis and analysis of variance, there are extensive theories and practical strategies for improving the power based on optimally setting the values of the independent variables in the model. Although there are no formal standards for power (sometimes referred to as ), most researchers assess the power of their tests using = 0.80 as a standard for adequacy. This convention implies a four-to-one trade off between \"\"β\"\"-risk and \"\"α\"\"-risk. (\"\"β\"\" is the probability of a Type II error, and α is the probability of a Type I error; 0.2 and 0.05 are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13913070", "chunk_text": "\"False positives and false negatives\"\ncorrect the type I error rate, so the result is a (corrected) \"\"p\"\" value. Thus they are susceptible to the same misinterpretation as any other \"\"p\"\" value. The false positive risk is always higher, often much higher, than the \"\"p\"\" value. Confusion of these two ideas, the error of the transposed conditional, has caused much mischief. Because of the ambiguity of notation in this field, it is essential to look at the definition in every paper. The hazards of reliance on \"\"p\"\"-values was emphasized in Colquhoun (2017) by pointing out that even an observation of \"\"p\"\" = 0.001 was not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12285240", "chunk_text": "\"Multiple comparisons problem\"\ncomparisons, rather than an analysis that involves only a single comparison. For example, if one test is performed at the 5% level and the corresponding null hypothesis is true, there is only a 5% chance of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. However, if 100 tests are conducted and all corresponding null hypotheses are true, the expected number of incorrect rejections (also known as false positives or Type I errors) is 5. If the tests are statistically independent from each other, the probability of at least one incorrect rejection is 99.4%. The multiple comparisons problem also applies to confidence intervals. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "439535", "chunk_text": "\"Data validation and reconciliation\"\n95th percentile for a 95% confidence) gives an indication of whether a gross error exists: If formula_64, then no gross errors exist with 95% probability. The chi square test gives only a rough indication about the existence of gross errors, and it is easy to conduct: one only has to compare the value of the objective function with the critical value of the chi square distribution. The individual test compares each penalty term in the objective function with the critical values of the normal distribution. If the formula_15-th penalty term is outside the 95% confidence interval of the normal distribution,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13677453", "chunk_text": "\"Invalid science\"\nthe authors’ analysis is properly conceived. Scientists divide errors into type I, incorrectly asserting the truth of a hypothesis (false positive) and type II, rejecting a correct hypothesis (false negative). Statistical checks assess the probability that data which seem to support a hypothesis come about simply by chance. If the probability is less than 5%, the evidence is rated “statistically significant”. One definitiomal consequence is a type one error rate of one in 20. In 2005 Stanford epidemiologist John Ioannidis showed that the idea that only one paper in 20 gives a false-positive result was incorrect. He claimed, “most published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6149759", "chunk_text": "\"Mascot (software)\"\nin a reference database has occurred by chance. The match with the lowest probability of occurring by chance is returned as the most significant match. The significance of the match depends on the size of the database that is being queried. Mascot employs the widely used significance level of 0.05, meaning that in a single test the probability of observing an event at random is less than or equal to 1 in 20. In this light, a score of 10 might seem very promising. However, if the database being searched contains 10 sequences several scores of this magnitude would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10173313", "chunk_text": "\"With high probability\"\nWith high probability In mathematics, an event that occurs with high probability (often shortened to w.h.p. or WHP) is one whose probability depends on a certain number \"\"n\"\" and goes to 1 as \"\"n\"\" goes to infinity, i.e. it can be made as close as desired to 1 by making \"\"n\"\" big enough. The term WHP is especially used in computer science, in the analysis of probabilistic algorithms. For example, consider a certain probabilistic algorithm on a graph with \"\"n\"\" nodes. If the probability that the algorithm returns the correct answer is formula_1, then when the number of nodes is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9895844", "chunk_text": "\"Human error assessment and reduction technique\"\nError Probability (HEP), the collective product of the factors. 1. The first stage of the process is to identify the full range of sub-tasks that a system operator would be required to complete within a given task. 2. Once this task description has been constructed a nominal human unreliability score for the particular task is then determined, usually by consulting local experts. Based around this calculated point, a 5th – 95th percentile confidence range is established. 3. The EPCs, which are apparent in the given situation and highly probable to have a negative effect on the outcome, are then considered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11700148", "chunk_text": "\"Relief (feature selection)\"\ndetermined by inspection. However, it can also be determined by Chebyshev's inequality for a given confidence level (\"\"α\"\") that a \"\"τ\"\" of 1/sqrt(α*m) is good enough to make the probability of a Type I error less than \"\"α\"\", although it is stated that \"\"τ\"\" can be much smaller than that. Relief was also described as generalizable to polynomial classification by decomposition into a number of binary problems. Kononenko et al. propose a number of updates to Relief. Firstly, they find the near-hit and near-miss instances using the Manhattan (L1) norm rather than the Euclidean (L2) norm, although the rationale is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17122611", "chunk_text": "\"Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis\"\ncriticality assessment may be qualitative or quantitative. For qualitative assessment, a mishap probability code or number is assigned and entered on the matrix. For example, MIL–STD–882 uses five probability levels: The failure mode may then be charted on a criticality matrix using severity code as one axis and probability level code as the other. For quantitative assessment, \"\"modal criticality number\"\" formula_1 is calculated for each failure mode of each item, and \"\"item criticality number\"\" formula_2 is calculated for each item. The criticality numbers are computed using the following values: The criticality numbers are computed as formula_7 and formula_8. The basic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19242652", "chunk_text": "\"68–95–99.7 rule\"\nof this process of gradual loss of confidence in a hypothesis would involve the designation of prior probability not just to the hypothesis itself but to all possible alternative hypotheses. For this reason, statistical hypothesis testing works not so much by confirming a hypothesis considered to be likely, but by refuting hypotheses considered unlikely. Because of the exponential tails of the normal distribution, odds of higher deviations decrease very quickly. From the rules for normally distributed data for a daily event: 68–95–99.7 rule In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, is a shorthand used to remember", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399915", "chunk_text": "\"Statistical significance\"\nthat nothing happened or changed. For the null hypothesis to be rejected, an observed result has to be statistically significant, i.e. the observed \"\"p\"\"-value is less than the pre-specified significance level. To determine whether a result is statistically significant, a researcher calculates a \"\"p\"\"-value, which is the probability of observing an effect of the same magnitude or more extreme given that the null hypothesis is true. The null hypothesis is rejected if the \"\"p\"\"-value is less than a predetermined level, α. α is called the significance level, and is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis given that it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1822265", "chunk_text": "\"Data dredging\"\nset by exhaustively searching—perhaps for combinations of variables that might show a correlation, and perhaps for groups of cases or observations that show differences in their mean or in their breakdown by some other variable. Conventional tests of statistical significance are based on the probability that a particular result would arise if chance alone were at work, and necessarily accept some risk of mistaken conclusions of a certain type (mistaken rejections of the null hypothesis). This level of risk is called the \"\"significance\"\". When large numbers of tests are performed, some produce false results of this type, hence 5% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18186215", "chunk_text": "P-value\n5%). The \"\"p\"\"-value is widely used in statistical hypothesis testing, specifically in null hypothesis significance testing. In this method, as part of experimental design, before performing the experiment, one first chooses a model (the null hypothesis) and a threshold value for \"\"p\"\", called the significance level of the test, traditionally 5% or 1% and denoted as \"\"α\"\". If the \"\"p\"\"-value is less than the chosen significance level (\"\"α\"\"), that suggests that the observed data is sufficiently inconsistent with the null hypothesis that the null hypothesis may be rejected. However, that does not prove that the tested hypothesis is true. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18877392", "chunk_text": "\"Hazard ratio\"\nlower than 0.05 are considered significant and researchers provide a 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio, e.g. derived from the standard deviation of the Cox-model regression coefficient, i.e. formula_10. Statistically significant hazard ratios cannot include unity (one) in their confidence intervals. The proportional hazards assumption for hazard ratio estimation is strong and often unreasonable. Complications, adverse effects and late effects are all possible causes of change in the hazard rate over time. For instance, a surgical procedure may have high early risk, but excellent long term outcomes. If the hazard ratio between groups remain constant, this is not a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399913", "chunk_text": "\"Statistical significance\"\nin twenty (0.05) as a convenient cutoff level to reject the null hypothesis. In a 1933 paper, Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson called this cutoff the \"\"significance level\"\", which they named α. They recommended that α be set ahead of time, prior to any data collection. Despite his initial suggestion of 0.05 as a significance level, Fisher did not intend this cutoff value to be fixed. In his 1956 publication \"\"Statistical methods and scientific inference,\"\" he recommended that significance levels be set according to specific circumstances. The significance level α is the threshold for \"\"p\"\" below which the experimenter assumes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18968570", "chunk_text": "\"Dichotomous thinking\"\nDichotomous thinking In statistics, dichotomous thinking or binary thinking is the process of seeing a discontinuity in the possible values that a p-value can take during null hypothesis significance testing: it is either above the significance threshold (usually 0.05) or below. When applying dichotomous thinking, a first p-value of 0.0499 will be interpreted the same as a p-value of 0.0001 (the null hypothesis is rejected) while a second p-value of 0.0501 will be interpreted the same as a p-value of 0.7 (the null hypothesis is accepted). The fact that first and second p-values are mathematically very close is thus completely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "414053", "chunk_text": "\"Likelihood function\"\nmodel of a coin flip, with a single parameter formula_26 that expresses the \"\"fairness\"\" of the coin. This parameter is the probability that a given coin lands heads up (\"\"H\"\") when tossed. formula_26 can take on any numeric value within the range 0.0 to 1.0. For a perfectly fair coin, formula_26 = 0.5. Imagine flipping a coin twice, and observing the following data : two heads in two tosses (\"\"HH\"\"). Assuming that each successive coin flip is IID, then the probability of observing HH is Hence: given the observed data HH, the \"\"likelihood\"\" that the model parameter formula_26 equals 0.5,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814639", "chunk_text": "\"Significance arithmetic\"\ninterval. The expression 1.23 U95 = 0.06 implies that the true (unknowable) value of the variable is expected to lie in the interval from 1.17 to 1.29 with at least 95% confidence. If the confidence interval is not specified it has traditionally been assumed to be 95% corresponding to two standard deviations from the mean. Confidence intervals at one standard deviation (68%) and three standard deviations (99%) are also commonly used. Significance arithmetic Significance arithmetic is a set of rules (sometimes called significant figure rules) for approximating the propagation of uncertainty in scientific or statistical calculations. These rules can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19830049", "chunk_text": "\"Confusion of the inverse\"\nConfusion of the inverse Confusion of the inverse, also called the conditional probability fallacy or the inverse fallacy, is a logical fallacy whereupon a conditional probability is equivocated with its inverse: That is, given two events \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\", the probability of \"\"A\"\" happening given that \"\"B\"\" has happened is assumed to be about the same as the probability of \"\"B\"\" given \"\"A\"\". More formally, \"\"P\"\"(\"\"A\"\"\|\"\"B\"\") is assumed to be approximately equal to \"\"P\"\"(\"\"B\"\"\|\"\"A\"\"). In one study, physicians were asked to give the chances of malignancy with a 1% prior probability of occurring. A test can detect 80% of malignancies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2427261", "chunk_text": "\"Frequency format hypothesis\"\nof the effect given the presence of the proposed cause and P(E\|~C) is the probability of the effect given the absence of the proposed cause. Suppose we wish to evaluate the performance of a fertilizer. If the plants bloomed 15 out of 20 times when the fertilizer was used, and only 5 out of 20 plants bloomed in the absence of the fertilizer. In this case The ΔP value as a result is always bound between -1 and 1. Even though the contingency rule is a good model of what humans do in predicting one event causation of another, when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5237368", "chunk_text": "\"Power (statistics)\"\nthe concept of predictive probability of success (PPOS). The success criterion for PPOS is not restricted to statistical significance and is commonly used in clinical trial designs. Numerous free and/or open source programs are available for performing power and sample size calculations. These include Power (statistics) The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test rejects the null hypothesis (H) when a specific alternative hypothesis (H) is true. The statistical power ranges from 0 to 1, and as statistical power increases, the probability of making a type II error (wrongly failing to reject the null) decreases.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5237353", "chunk_text": "\"Power (statistics)\"\na larger significance criterion, for example 0.10 instead of 0.05. This increases the chance of rejecting the null hypothesis (i.e. obtaining a statistically significant result) when the null hypothesis is false; that is, it reduces the risk of a type II error (false negative regarding whether an effect exists). But it also increases the risk of obtaining a statistically significant result (i.e. rejecting the null hypothesis) when the null hypothesis is not false; that is, it increases the risk of a type I error (false positive). The magnitude of the effect of interest in the population can be quantified in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7414661", "chunk_text": "\"Holm–Bonferroni method\"\nrejected at level formula_71. The weighted adjusted \"\"p\"\"-values are: A hypothesis is rejected at level α if and only if its adjusted \"\"p\"\"-value is less than α. In the earlier example using equal weights, the adjusted \"\"p\"\"-values are 0.03, 0.06, 0.06, and 0.02. This is another way to see that using α = 0.05, only hypotheses one and four are rejected by this procedure. The Holm–Bonferroni method is \"\"uniformly\"\" more powerful than the classic Bonferroni correction, meaning that it is always at least as powerful. There are other methods for controlling the family-wise error rate that are more powerful than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5685908", "chunk_text": "\"Family-wise error rate\"\nabout their meaning for the goal of research, from which selection of results for action, presentation or highlighting could be made (Yoav Benjamini). The FWER is the probability of making at least one type I error in the family, or equivalently, Thus, by assuring formula_3, the probability of making one or more type I errors in the family is controlled at level formula_4. A procedure controls the FWER \"\"in the weak sense\"\" if the FWER control at level formula_4 is guaranteed \"\"only\"\" when all null hypotheses are true (i.e. when formula_6, meaning the \"\"global null hypothesis\"\" is true). A procedure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_716	what year did the us hockey team won the olympics?	n/a	[ "1960", "1960 and 1980", "1980" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10235838", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in the United States\"\nSoviet Union. 4–3 in the first game of the medal round before going on to beat Finland to claim the gold medal. In the Olympics, as of Fall 2018, the United States men's team has won two gold medals (1960, 1980), eight silver medals (1920, 1924, 1932, 1952, 1956, 1972, 2002, 2010 and one bronze medal (1936). The women's team has won two gold medals (1998),(2018) three silver medals (2002, 2010, 2014) and one bronze medal (2006). Women's ice hockey is less popular. The National Women's Hockey League, founded in 2015, is the first in the country to pay its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492735", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nan agreement was reached that limited the field to six teams, and ensured that no additional facilities would be built. The Canadian and American teams have dominated the event, typically losing only to each other. The United States won the first tournament in 1998 and the most recent in 2018. Canada has won all of the other tournaments (2002–2014). The first Olympic ice hockey tournament took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. At the time, organized international ice hockey was still relatively new. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the sport's governing body, was created on 15", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10235836", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in the United States\"\nChampionship. Canada took the gold medal and the United States took the silver. Canada took the gold medal again in the 1924 winter Olympics. This was the first time hockey was considered an Olympic sport. In 1936, Great Britain gave Canada their first big loss in international hockey. Great Britain took the gold medal. The USSR finally joined in on Olympic ice hockey in 1956. They ended up winning the gold medal that year. (Fitzpatrick, 2012) In 1960 and 1980 the United States won the ice hockey Olympic Games. The 1980 ice hockey Olympics was known as \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492733", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nmost successful team of the first three decades, winning six of seven gold medals. Czechoslovakia, Sweden and the United States were also competitive during this period and won multiple medals. Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also counted as the Ice Hockey World Championship for that year. The Soviet Union first participated in 1956 and overtook Canada as the dominant international team, winning seven of the nine tournaments in which they participated. The United States won gold medals in 1960 and in 1980, which included their \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" upset of the Soviet Union. Canada went 50", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492764", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nStates won six. The 1998 Olympic tournament also included teams from Finland, Sweden, China and host Japan. Canada and the United States dominated the round-robin portion. In their head-to-head match, the United States overcame a 4–1 deficit to win 7–4. The two teams met in the final, which the United States won 3–1 to become the third American ice hockey team to win Olympic gold. Finland defeated China 4–1 to win the bronze medal. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the number of teams was increased to eight with Russia, Germany and Kazakhstan qualifying for the first time. The Canadian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9728002", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national field hockey team\"\nas a women’s game in the United States; field hockey has historically been used as a “Title IX” sport to offset the large number of men who play college football, and as such, colleges have typically only sponsored women's field hockey teams. The players on the national team play overseas in European and Australian leagues. In their first Olympics in 1932, team USA hosted India and Japan. With only 3 teams in the tournament, the U.S. lost both their games and finished 3rd for the Bronze medal. The team was again the host nation for the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11219076", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nhas traditionally done very well at the Olympic games, winning 6 of the first 7 gold medals. However, by 1956 its amateur club teams and national teams could not compete with the teams of government-supported players from the Soviet Union. The USSR won all but two gold medals from 1956 to 1988. The United States won their first gold medal in 1960. On the way to winning the gold medal at the 1980 Lake Placid Olympics amateur US college players defeated the heavily favoured Soviet squad—an event known as the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" in the United States. Restrictions on professional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492734", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nyears without a gold medal, before winning one in 2002, and following it with back-to-back wins in 2010 and 2014. Other nations to win gold include Great Britain in 1936, the Unified Team in 1992, Sweden in 1994 and 2006 and the Czech Republic in 1998. Other medal-winning nations include Switzerland, Germany, Finland and Russia. In July 1992, the IOC voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event; it was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. The Nagano Organizing Committee was hesitant to include the event because of the additional costs of staging the tournament, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6548582", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national ice hockey team\"\nUnited States men's national ice hockey team The United States men's national ice hockey team is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with its U18 and U17 development program in Plymouth, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey, the governing body for organized ice hockey in the United States. The U.S. team is ranked 4th in the IIHF World Rankings. The current head coach is Jeff Blashill. The U.S. won gold medals at the 1960 and 1980 Olympics and more recently, silver medals at the 2002 and 2010 Olympics. The U.S. also won the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, defeating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10235837", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey in the United States\"\nThis was when the United States upset the Soviet Union. (United States at the Olympics, 2005) Before 1947 there was no nationally formally recognized national body for Ice hockey hence the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States or AHAUS which later became USA Hockey is the governing body of Ice hockey in the United States to enable the United States national team to be able to compete in the Winter Olympics. One of the nation's greatest ever sporting moments was the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\", which came during the 1980 Winter Olympics when the U.S. men's hockey team beat the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14695306", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nthe 1976 tournament joining the boycott. The Winter Olympics returned to Lake Placid, New York in 1980. Twelve teams participated in the tournament, including Canada for the first time since 1968. The Soviet Union entered the tournament as favourites and were considered natural rivals with the American team due to the Cold War. The Americans, coached by Herb Brooks and consisting mainly of college students, tied Sweden and scored an upset win over Czechoslovakia in the preliminary round. They advanced to the medal round along with Sweden, Finland and the Soviet Union. The 22 February medal-round game between the Soviet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5079037", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national ice hockey team\"\nis a member of the so-called \"\"Big Six\"\", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, and Sweden. As of 2017, the U.S. has a registered ice hockey population of 637,744 with USA Hockey. USA Hockey is the largest governing body for ice hockey in the U.S. and is considered the best representation of the number of ice hockey players in the country. The American ice hockey team's greatest success was the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, when American college players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7665488", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nUnited States won in 1996 and Canada won in 2004 and 2016. Since the initial women's world championships in 1990, there have been fifteen tournaments. Women's hockey has been played at the Olympics since 1998. The 2006 Winter Olympic final between Canada and Sweden marked the only time the women's world championship or Olympic final did not involve both Canada and the United States. Other ice hockey tournaments featuring national teams include the World U20 Championship, the World U18 Championships, the World U-17 Hockey Challenge, the World Junior A Challenge, the Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament, the World Women's U18 Championships", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8682563", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Minnesota\"\nJuly 1, 2008. There are nine full members, seven from Minnesota. All seven Minnesota members are full Division III members. The United States hockey team won the Olympic gold medal for ice hockey in 1980, coached by Minnesota native Herb Brooks. Eleven of the twenty players on the roster were from Minnesota. The team beat the long-dominant Soviet team in what has been called the Miracle on Ice, and went on to win the gold medal by defeating Finland. The 1960 United States hockey team won the Olympic gold medal in the 1960 Winter Olympics. Six of the 18 members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3938223", "chunk_text": "\"Miracle on Ice\"\nMiracle on Ice The \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" was a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States and the four-time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more in Lake Placid. The team consisted primarily of professional players with significant experience in international play. By contrast, the United States' team—led by head coach Herb Brooks—consisted exclusively of amateur players, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5079038", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national ice hockey team\"\ndefeated the heavily favored seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union on the way to a gold medal. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the \"\"Miracle\"\" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the \"\"Forgotten Miracle\"\". U.S. hockey experienced a spike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6856352", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\nnation's last gold medal in men's Olympic hockey. Canada last won 50 years previously at the 1952 Winter Olympics when they tied the US 3–3 (Olympic ice hockey previously only had a round-robin portion). The US won their last gold medal when they defeated Finland two days after \"\"The Miracle on Ice\"\" in 1980. Both games, coincidentally, were played on a Sunday. The Canada-USA final was tied at 2–2, however Canada then scored three goals to win 5–2. It was only the second time and first in 70 years that the US men's hockey team lost an Olympic game on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5079039", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national ice hockey team\"\nin talent in the 1980s and 1990s, with future NHL stars including Tony Amonte, Chris Chelios, Derian Hatcher, Brett Hull, Pat LaFontaine, John LeClair, Brian Leetch, Mike Modano, Mike Richter, Jeremy Roenick, Kevin Stevens, Keith Tkachuk, and Doug Weight. Although the U.S. finished no higher than fourth in any World or Olympic event from 1981 through 1994 (unlike other nations, the U.S. was limited to amateurs at these tournaments), the Americans reached the finals of the 1991 Canada Cup and won the 1996 World Cup with a squad of NHL players. Six years later, after the International Olympic Committee and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6548583", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national ice hockey team\"\nCanada in the finals. The team's most recent medal at the World Championships came with a bronze in 2018. They won the tournament in 1933 and 1960. Unlike other nations, the U.S. doesn't typically use its best NHL players in the World Championships. Instead, it provides the younger players with an opportunity to gain international experience. Overall, the team has collected eleven Olympic medals (two of them gold), eighteen World Championship medals (two of them gold), and it reached the semifinal round of the Canada Cup/World Cup five times, twice advancing to the finals and winning gold once. The U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14476700", "chunk_text": "\"Herb Brooks\"\nHerb Brooks Herbert Paul Brooks Jr. (August 5, 1937 – August 11, 2003) was an American ice hockey player and coach. His most notable achievement came in 1980 as head coach of the gold medal-winning U.S. Olympic hockey team at Lake Placid. At the games, Brooks' US team upset the heavily favored Soviet team in a match that came to be known as the 'Miracle on Ice'. Brooks would go on to coach multiple NHL teams, as well as the French hockey team at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and ultimately returned to coach the US men's team to a silver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11848763", "chunk_text": "\"Harvard Crimson\"\nforward lines instead of individuals. The men's ice hockey team won the NCAA Division I Championship on April 1, 1989, defeating the Minnesota Golden Gophers 4-3 in overtime. The Cleary Cup, awarded to the ECAC regular-season champion, is named for former Harvard All-American hockey player, coach, and athletic director Bill Cleary, a member of the U.S. hockey team that won the 1960 Winter Olympics gold medal. The team competes in ECAC Hockey along with six other Ivy League schools and is coached by Harvard alumnus, Olympian, and former NHL forward, Ted Donato. Harvard competes in one of the most heated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11845352", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national field hockey team\"\nUnited States men's national field hockey team The United States men's national field hockey team represents the United States in the international field hockey competitions. The governing body is the United States Field Hockey Association (USFHA), which is a US Olympic Committee organization. The team won Bronze at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and has had success in the Pan American Games and Pan American Cup. Field hockey is not a major sport at college level in the United States, so the men's team does not have as much experience as most other international teams. The sport is largely thought of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3679276", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in the United States\"\nSweden, the Czech Republic, and Russia.) One of the nation's greatest ever sporting moments was the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\", which came during the 1980 Winter Olympics when the U.S. hockey team beat the Soviet Union 4–3 in the first game of the medal round before going on to beat Finland to claim the gold medal. Historically, the vast majority of NHL players had come from Canada, with a small number of Americans. As late as 1969–70, Canadian players made up 95 percent of the league. During the 1970s and 1980s, European players entered the league, and many players from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2485578", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic results index\"\nhockey at the 1964 Winter Olympics\|1964]] [[Ice hockey at the 1968 Winter Olympics\|1968]] [[Ice hockey at the 1972 Winter Olympics\|1972]] [[Ice hockey at the 1976 Winter Olympics\|1976]] [[Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics\|1980]] [[Ice hockey at the 1984 Winter Olympics\|1984]] [[Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics\|1988]] [[Ice hockey at the 1992 Winter Olympics\|1992]] [[Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics\|1994]] [[Ice hockey at the 1998 Winter Olympics\|1998]] [[Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics\|2002]] [[Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics\|2006]] [[Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics\|2010]] [[Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics\|2014]] [[Ice hockey at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492763", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nteam so that it could be more competitive. The IOC had agreed that if the NAOOC had not approved the event, it would be held at the 2002 Winter Olympics. The format of the first tournament was similar to the men's: preliminary round-robin games followed by a medal round playoff. Before 1998, women's hockey had been dominated by Canada. Canadian teams had won every World Championship up to that point; however, by 1997, the American team had improved and was evenly matched with Canada. In thirteen games played between the two teams in 1997, Canada won seven and the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11997659", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\namateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the NHL. In the early 1900s, the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace, the precursor of the IIHF and the sport was played for the first time in the Olympics in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In international competitions, the national teams of six countries (the \"\"Big Six\"\") predominate: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men's competition at the Olympics, only seven medals were not awarded to one of those countries (or two of their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "50631", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nwithdraw the team if the two were barred from competing. To avoid a conflict, Canada withdrew the protest shortly before the Games began. The tournament consisted of four groups and fifteen teams. Great Britain became the first non-Canadian team to win gold; Canada won silver and the United States bronze. World War II forced the cancellation of the 1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics. During the run-up to the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, a conflict broke out between two American ice hockey bodies, the American Hockey Association (AHA) and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). The AAU, which had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14695291", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\n1998. However, the NHL again refused to release its players starting in 2018. From 1924 to 1988, the tournament started with a round-robin series of games and ended with the medal round. Medals were awarded based on points accumulated during that round. In 1992, the playoffs were introduced for the first time since 1920. In 1998, the format of the tournament was adjusted to accommodate the NHL schedule; a preliminary round was played without NHL players or the top six teams—Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States—followed by a final round which included them. The tournament", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "50643", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nofficials agreed to allow players to leave following the 1989 World Championships. The Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991. Nine former Soviet states became part of the IIHF and started competing internationally, including Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia and Ukraine. At the 1992 Olympics, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan competed as one entity, known as the Unified Team. In the final, the Unified Team defeated Canada to win gold while Czechoslovakia won the bronze. Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in January 1993. The IIHF recognized the Czech Republic as the successor to Czechoslovakia, allowing the team to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3663677", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Eruzione\"\nMike Eruzione Michael \"\"Ritz, Rizzo\"\" Eruzione (, ); born October 25, 1954) is an American former ice hockey player. He is best known as the captain of the 1980 Winter Olympics United States national team that defeated the Soviet Union in the famous \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" game, in which he scored the game-winning goal. Eruzione was born on October 25, 1954, to an Italian-American family in Winthrop, Massachusetts. His father was a bartender and worked in a sewage plant, and he grew up with many of his relatives living in the same home. He learned to play hockey for Youth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14695303", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nto Czechoslovakia's average of 4.3. Czechoslovakia's team was quickly improving; it won the 1947 and 1949 World Championships. At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, the gold medal was won by Canada's team for the second consecutive Games. It would be the last time that a Canadian team would win a gold medal in hockey for 50 years. The United States won silver and Sweden won bronze. A team from Finland competed for the first time. The Soviet Union competed in its first World Championship in 1954, defeating Canada and winning the gold medal. At the 1956 Winter Olympics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492768", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\n20 years that the United States took home a gold medal in women's hockey. They previously won in 1998 in Nagano, Japan, which was also against Canada. Canada's loss effectively ended their winning streak of four consecutive winter games, having won since 2002. The 2022 edition will be played with ten teams. Since 1976, 12 teams have participated in the men's tournament, except in 1998 and 2002, when the number was raised to 14. The number of teams has ranged from 4 (in 1932) to 16 (in 1964). After the NHL allowed its players to compete at the 1998 Winter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16144800", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\nicemaker Trent Evans buried a one dollar coin (Loonie) under centre ice and both the Canadian men's and women's teams won gold. Steve Yzerman and Brendan Shanahan became the second and third players to win the Olympic Gold Medal in hockey (with Team Canada) and the Stanley Cup (with the Detroit Red Wings) in the same year, the first to win an Olympic Gold and Stanley Cup was Ken Morrow in 1980. Chris Chelios and Brett Hull became the second and third players to win Olympic Silver Medal in hockey (with Team USA) and Stanley Cup in the same year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "50637", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nVladislav Tretiak and forwards Valeri Kharlamov, Alexander Yakushev, Vladimir Petrov and Boris Mikhailov, the Soviet team won gold at both the 1972 Games in Sapporo, Japan and 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. In 1971, the United States finished last at the World Championships and was relegated to Pool B. The team qualified for the 1972 Olympics and won silver, making it the first Pool B team to win an Olympic medal. Czechoslovakia won the bronze medal in 1972. In 1976, Czechoslovakia won the silver and West Germany won bronze. Along with Canada, the Swedish team did not participate in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17068821", "chunk_text": "\"United States women's national ice hockey team\"\nUnited States women's national ice hockey team The United States women's national ice hockey team is controlled by USA Hockey. The U.S. has been one of the most successful women's ice hockey teams in international play, having won gold or silver in every major tournament with the exception of the 2006 Winter Olympics, where they captured bronze. As of 2018, the U.S. has 75,832 female players. In 1998, the women's Olympic hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Year. In April 2015, the women's national ice hockey team was named the USOC Team of the Month. Roster for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3565186", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics\"\nIce hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, U.S.A., was the 14th Olympic Championship. Twelve teams competed in the tournament, which was held from February 12 to 24. The United States won its second gold medal, including a win over the heavily favored Soviet Union that became known as the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\". Games were held at the Olympic Arena and the Olympic Fieldhouse. The Olympics came at a difficult time for Soviet–U.S. relations, as they were deep in the Cold War. Only months before the games began,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11219063", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nToronto, Ontario, Canada. This was followed by the first IIHF World Championship in 1990 in Ottawa. Women's ice hockey was added as a medal sport at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The United States won the gold, Canada won the silver and Finland won the bronze medal. The United States won the gold medal again in 2018 at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The United States Hockey League (USHL) welcomed the first female professional ice hockey player in 1969–70, when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch. One woman, Manon Rhéaume, has played in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12492766", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\ncomparisons to the Miracle on Ice from 1980. In the medal games, Canada defeated Sweden 4–1 to claim its second consecutive gold medal, while the Americans beat Finland 4–0 to win the bronze. In 2010, eight teams participated, including Slovakia for the first time. In the gold medal game, Canada defeated the United States 2–0 to win their third consecutive gold. The Finnish team won the bronze medal over Sweden 3–2 OT, their first since 1998. At the 2014 Winter Olympics, Canada defeated the United States 3–2, as Marie-Philip Poulin scored at 8:10 of overtime to win their fourth consecutive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11790156", "chunk_text": "\"Herb Brooks Arena\"\nHerb Brooks Arena The Herb Brooks Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Lake Placid, New York. This surface, along with the USA Rink, was built for the 1980 Winter Olympics. Herb Brooks Arena hosted various events during the 1980 Winter Olympics, most famously the ice hockey tournament that saw the United States' 4–3 victory over the Soviet Union, the game commonly referred to as the Miracle on Ice. In 2005, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the American victory, the arena was named after the late Herb Brooks, who coached the United States team during the 1980 Olympics. Other events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8608030", "chunk_text": "\"John P. Riley Jr.\"\ntook over the job from Rob in 2004. Riley's Americans surprised the hockey world going undefeated in winning the country's first Olympic gold medal and second ever. Riley was inducted in the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979, and the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998. He is a two-time winner of the Lester Patrick Trophy, in 1986 (as a coach) and 2002 (as a member of the Olympic gold medal-winning United States hockey team of 1960). In the 1960s, Riley ran the Eastern Hockey Clinic (a hockey camp for high school age players) in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13196007", "chunk_text": "\"Miracle on Ice\"\nTeam (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5–2. The Unified Team eventually won the gold medal, while the U.S. placed fourth. The U.S. and Russia met twice at the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, Americans won both games 5-2 en route to the gold medal. The U.S., coached by Herb Brooks, and Russia, coached by Slava Fetisov, met twice in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, which included a 2–2 round robin draw and a 3–2 semi-final in favor of USA, with the semi-final match coming 22 years to the day after the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" game.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14807929", "chunk_text": "\"Field hockey\"\nan international governing body by seven continental European nations; and hockey was reinstated as an Olympic game in 1928. Men's hockey united under the FIH in 1970. The two oldest trophies are the Irish Senior Cup, which dates back to 1894, and the Irish Junior Cup, a second XI-only competition instituted in 1895. In India, the Beighton Cup and the Aga Khan tournament commenced within ten years. Entering the Olympics in 1928, India won all five games without conceding a goal, and won from 1932 until 1956 and then in 1964 and 1980. Pakistan won in 1960, 1968 and 1984.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14695327", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nGames starting in 1988. The NHL decided not to allow all players to participate in 1988, 1992, 1994 and 2018 because the Winter Olympics typically occur in February, during the league's regular season. To allow participation, the NHL would have been forced to take a break in its schedule. In 1992, National Basketball Association (NBA) players participated in the 1992 Summer Olympics. The American \"\"Dream Team\"\" dominated the tournament, and NHL commissioner Gary Bettman (an NBA executive in 1992) commented that the \"\"[NBA]'s worldwide awareness grew dramatically\"\". He hoped that NHL participation would \"\"get exposure like the world has never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6548587", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national ice hockey team\"\nNHL arranged to accommodate an Olympic break in the NHL schedule, the U.S. earned a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics with a roster that included NHL stars Adam Deadmarsh, Chris Drury, Brian Rafalski, and Brian Rolston. However, by 2006, many of these NHL All-Stars had retired or had declined with age. Though the 2006 Olympic team finished a disappointing 8th, it was more of a transitional team, featuring young NHL players like Rick DiPietro, John-Michael Liles, and Jordan Leopold. The 2010 U.S. Olympic team was composed of much younger and faster players than teams of previous years, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4397506", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nwomen's team sprint event. Skip John Shuster led his team to the United States' first-ever gold medal in curling, winning the men's curling over Sweden. The United States women's national ice hockey team also won the gold in the women's ice hockey tournament for the first time since the inauguration of the sport in 1998 over the four-time defending gold medalist Canada in an overtime penalty shootout. The United States earned medals in at least one event in 11 different sports, the most of any nation. These Games also witnessed the 100th Winter Olympic gold medal for the Americans, won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11040883", "chunk_text": "\"United States men's national field hockey team\"\nHead Coach: Brian Scheldorn (2017) Video Analysts & Team Manager: Chris Pothier (2017) Strength & Conditioning Coach: Brett Kahanowitch (2017) Special Consultant: Steve Danielson (2017) United States men's national field hockey team The United States men's national field hockey team represents the United States in the international field hockey competitions. The governing body is the United States Field Hockey Association (USFHA), which is a US Olympic Committee organization. The team won Bronze at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and has had success in the Pan American Games and Pan American Cup. Field hockey is not a major sport at college level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8740749", "chunk_text": "\"USA Field Hockey\"\nto govern men's field hockey in the U.S. In April 1993, the USFHA and FHAA merged, to form the United States Field Hockey Association (USFHA). Los Angeles 1932 Olympic Games \"\"1932 U.S. Men's Olympic Games Team - Bronze Medal Winners\"\" \"\"Not in Order: Head Coach William Boddington, Harold Brewster, Roy Coffin, Amos Deacon, Horace Disston, Samuel Ewing, James Gentle, Henry Greer, Lawrence Knapp, David McMullin, Leonard O'Brien, Charles Sheaffer, Frederick Wolters\"\" Berlin 1936 Olympic Games \"\"1936 U.S. Men's Olympic Games Team\"\" \"\"Not in Order: Head Coach Frank Kavanaugh, Playing Manager Leonard O'Brien, William Boddington, Lanphear Buck, Amos Deacon, Horace Disston,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13196012", "chunk_text": "\"Miracle on Ice\"\nfocused on heavily, as he takes his daughter Anastasia on the trip to reminisce. <nowiki>* Starting line up</nowiki> Miracle on Ice The \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\" was a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States and the four-time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more in Lake Placid. The team consisted primarily of professional players with significant experience in international", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "856891", "chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\nanti-doping tests, which was the result of a doping scandal in Russia. The final was played between the Germans, who unexpectedly eliminated the Canadians in the semifinal, and the Olympic Athletes from Russia. In the final, the Russians prevailed, defeating Germany 4–3, and won the gold medal after Kirill Kaprizov scored the winning goal into the overtime play. The Russian team sang the banned anthem during the medal ceremony, but the IOC decided not to pursue any action. Canada won the bronze medal over the Czech Republic 6–4. At the 99th IOC Session in July 1992, the IOC voted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12714608", "chunk_text": "SportsCenter\nthat summer, ESPN celebrated its 25th anniversary, by counting down the top 100 moments in sports over the previous 25 years. The countdown was seen on each \"\"SportsCenter\"\" broadcast daily beginning on May 31, 2004; the countdown concluded with the #1 moment, the United States men's national ice hockey team's victory over the USSR during the 1980 Winter Olympics, airing on September 7, 2004. During the summer of 2005, \"\"SportsCenter\"\" premiered a segment called \"\"50 States in 50 Days\"\", where a different \"\"SportsCenter\"\" anchor traveled to a different state each day to discover the sports, sports history, and athletes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_717	who wrote it's a long long way to pasadena?	n/a	[ "John Young", "Harry Vanda", "David Hemmings", "George Young" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3277955", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Judge\"\nWest Bromwich Albion F.C. He continued recording through the 1920s. A bronze statue of Judge now adorns Lord Pendry Square in Stalybridge. The recently opened public library in his home town of Oldbury bears his name. Jack Judge John \"\"Jack\"\" Judge (3 December 1872 – 25 July 1938) was a British songwriter and music-hall entertainer best remembered for writing the song \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\". Judge originally wrote and sang the song in 1912, but the far more widely known John McCormack acquired greater name recognition with the song. Judge was born in Worcestshire, England on 3 December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773927", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nIt's a Long Way to Tipperary \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" is a British music hall song written by Henry James \"\"Harry\"\" Williams and co-credited to Jack Judge. Originally it was credited as written by Jack Judge and co-credited to Henry James \"\"Harry\"\" Williams. It was allegedly written for a 5-shilling bet in Stalybridge on 30 January 1912 and performed the next night at the local music hall. Now commonly called \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\", the original printed music calls it \"\"It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary\"\". It became popular among soldiers in the First World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11394405", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind)\"\nIt's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind) \"\"It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A (And the Girl I Left Behind)\"\" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Val Trainor wrote the lyrics. Harry Von Tilzer composed the music. The song was published by Harry Von Tilzer Publishing Company of New York, New York. It was written for both voice and piano. Edward H. Pfeiffer designed the sheet music cover. Pfeiffer illustrated more than 1,500 covers throughout his career. This one in particular featured soldiers sitting around a campfire. One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773932", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nthe royalties for \"\"It's a Long, Long, Way to Tipperary\"\" until Jack Judge sold his royalties to Harry Williams in 1915. In 1917, Alice Smyth Burton Jay sued song publishers Chappell & Co. for $100,000, alleging she wrote the tune in 1908 for a song played at the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition promoting the Washington apple industry. The chorus began \"\"I'm on my way to Yakima\"\". The court appointed Victor Herbert to act as expert advisor and dismissed the suit in 1920, since the authors of \"\"Tipperary\"\" had never been to Seattle and Victor Herbert testified the two songs were not similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15829821", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Judge\"\nJack Judge John \"\"Jack\"\" Judge (3 December 1872 – 25 July 1938) was a British songwriter and music-hall entertainer best remembered for writing the song \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\". Judge originally wrote and sang the song in 1912, but the far more widely known John McCormack acquired greater name recognition with the song. Judge was born in Worcestshire, England on 3 December 1872. Judge's parents were Irish, from County Mayo. He was originally a fishmonger, and took to the stage after winning a talent contest. At the time his famous song was written, he was performing at \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527986", "chunk_text": "\"Long, Long Way from Home\"\nLong, Long Way from Home \"\"Long, Long Way from Home\"\" is a song written by Mick Jones, Lou Gramm & Ian McDonald that was initially released on Foreigner's debut album. It was the third single taken from the album. The lyrics refer to a person leaving a small town to try to succeed in New York City (\"\"I left a small town for the apple in decay\"\") and the loneliness he feels there. According to Gramm, the lyrics are autobiographical, reflecting his experience moving from Rochester to New York City. Gramm and Jones have stated that this was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527987", "chunk_text": "\"Long, Long Way from Home\"\nsong they worked on together. The song features a clavinet. The single was released in November 1977. It reached number 20 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1978. It was also a hit in Canada, reaching #22. Rivadavia rated it as Foreigner's 2nd most underrated song. Music author Kent Hartman described the song as an \"\"anthem-like FM favorite.\"\" Co-writer Jones has rated it as one his favorite Foreigner songs. Long, Long Way from Home \"\"Long, Long Way from Home\"\" is a song written by Mick Jones, Lou Gramm & Ian McDonald that was initially released on Foreigner's debut album. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11394407", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind)\"\nThe chorus is as follows: The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. Bibliography It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind) \"\"It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A (And the Girl I Left Behind)\"\" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Val Trainor wrote the lyrics. Harry Von Tilzer composed the music. The song was published by Harry Von Tilzer Publishing Company of New York, New York. It was written for both voice and piano. Edward H. Pfeiffer designed the sheet music cover. Pfeiffer illustrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773933", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nenough to suggest plagiarism. Williams' family got together in 2012 to have Harry Williams officially re-credited with the song. They shared their archives with the Imperial War Museums. The family estate still receives royalties from the song. First sung on the British music hall stage in 1912 by Jack Judge at the Grand Theatre in Stalybridge and later popularised by the music hall star Florrie Forde, it was featured as one of the songs in the 1951 film \"\"On Moonlight Bay\"\", the 1960s stage musical and film \"\"Oh! What a Lovely War\"\" and the 1970 musical \"\"Darling Lili\"\", sung by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3926757", "chunk_text": "\"Do You Know the Way to San Jose\"\nDo You Know the Way to San Jose \"\"Do You Know the Way to San Jose\"\" is a 1968 popular song written and composed for singer Dionne Warwick by Burt Bacharach. Hal David wrote the lyrics. The song was Warwick's biggest international hit to that point, selling several million copies worldwide and winning Warwick her first Grammy Award. David's lyrics tell the story of a native of San Jose, California who, having failed to break into the entertainment field in Los Angeles, is set to return to her hometown. The song was released on the 1968 RIAA Certified Gold album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12099256", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Berlin, But We'll Get There!\"\nIt's a Long Way to Berlin, But We'll Get There! \"\"It's a Long Way to Berlin, But We'll Get There!\"\" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Arthur Fields wrote the lyrics. Leon Flatow composed the music. Leo Feist, Inc. of New York City published the song. Rosenbaum Studios designed the sheet music cover. It features soldiers marching in formation. There is an inset photo of Maurice Burkhardt, Will J. Ward, Ed Morton, Jimmy Flynn, Willie Weston, or Francis Maguire that varies per edition. There is another version of the cover known as the \"\"Popular edition.\"\" It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5132799", "chunk_text": "\"The Long Voyage Home\"\nThe Long Voyage Home The Long Voyage Home is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It stars John Wayne, Thomas Mitchell and Ian Hunter. It also features Barry Fitzgerald, Wilfrid Lawson, John Qualen, Mildred Natwick, and Ward Bond, among others. The film was adapted by Dudley Nichols from the plays \"\"The Moon of the Caribbees\"\", \"\"In the Zone\"\", \"\"Bound East for Cardiff\"\", and \"\"The Long Voyage Home\"\" by Eugene O'Neill. The original plays by Eugene O'Neill were written around the time of World War I and were among his earliest plays. Ford set the story for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773931", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nmany of the songs were believed to have been composed with Judge at their home, The Plough Inn (now The Tipperary Inn), in Balsall Common. After Harry Williams' death in 1924 Jack Judge claimed sole credit for the song, allegedly writing it for a 5-shilling bet in Stalybridge on 30 January 1912 and performing it the next night at the local music hall. However, the tune and most of the lyrics to the song already existed in the form of a manuscript, \"\"It's A Long Way to Connemara\"\". This manuscript was co-written by Williams and Judge. The writing partners split", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7025725", "chunk_text": "\"Tipperary (song)\"\nLearn to Talk Hawaiian\"\", which was written and composed by Al Dubin and Rennie Cormack in 1917. Tipperary (song) \"\"Tipperary\"\" is the name of an Irish-oriented love song written in 1907 by Leo Curley, James M. Fulton and J. Fred Helf. It is not to be confused with the much better-known song from 1912, \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\". Both were sung at different times by early recording star Billy Murray. The full lyrics can be found at and . Chorus The term \"\"ferninst\"\" which appears in the second verse is an old-fashioned expression meaning \"\"beside\"\" (as in \"\"she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10748845", "chunk_text": "\"There's a Long Long Trail A-Winding\"\nThere's a Long Long Trail A-Winding \"\"There's a Long, Long Trail\"\" is a popular song of World War I. The lyrics were by Stoddard King (1889–1933) and the music by Alonzo \"\"Zo\"\" Elliott, both seniors at Yale. It was published in London in 1914, but a December, 1913 copyright (which, like all American works made before 1923, has since expired) for the music is claimed by Zo Elliott. In Elliott's own words to Marc Drogin shortly before his death in 1964, he created the music as an idle pursuit one day in his dorm room at Yale in 1913. King", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18853453", "chunk_text": "\"Lincoln Highway\"\nfrom her concert program; the album also featured several original songs about the highway, including \"\"It's a Long Way to California\"\" and \"\"Land of Lincoln\"\". On March 23, 1940, NBC Radio introduced a Saturday morning dramatic show called \"\"Lincoln Highway\"\" sponsored by Shinola Polish, which featured stories of life along the route. The show's introduction contained an error in noting the Lincoln Highway was identical to US 30 and ended in Portland. Many of the era's stars including Ethel Barrymore, Joe E. Brown, Claude Rains, Burgess Meredith, and Joan Bennett made appearances on the show, which had an audience of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18382228", "chunk_text": "\"Goodbye Piccadilly, Farewell Leicester Square\"\nGoodbye Piccadilly, Farewell Leicester Square Goodbye Piccadilly, Farewell Leicester Square is a 1966 novel by Arthur La Bern, which was the basis for Alfred Hitchcock's film \"\"Frenzy\"\" (1972). The novel and film tell the story of Bob Rusk, a serial killer in London who rapes and strangles women. Because of circumstantial evidence, however, the police come to suspect Rusk's friend Richard Blamey. The novel was adapted for the screen by Anthony Shaffer. The title is taken from a line in the popular British music hall hit \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\". La Bern expressed his dissatisfaction with the adaptation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12161854", "chunk_text": "\"Long Way from Home\"\nLong Way from Home Long Way from Home is a 1979 EP by British hard rock band Whitesnake. The titular song was written by lead singer, David Coverdale, and \"\"Trouble\"\" and \"\"Ain't No Love in the Heart of the City\"\" are the B-side tracks. The song was taken from the band's album \"\"Lovehunter\"\", and was the lead-off track. The song charted at number 55 on the UK Singles Chart in 1979. The Japanese release was the single, and its B-side was \"\"Walking in the Shadow of the Blues\"\". The song uses the lyric \"\"long, long way from home\"\" in its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20351338", "chunk_text": "\"Stained Glass (band)\"\nIn April 1967, the band scored a big hit record in San Jose with \"\"We Got A Long Way To Go,\"\" written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. Later that year, Hedge was removed from the band for differences in musical direction. Their recording contract was taken over by Capitol in the Spring of 1968, issuing three singles, one of which was the non-LP song \"\"Lady In Lace\"\" written by McPherson and backed by \"\"Soap and Turkey\"\" written by Rominger. An LP, \"\"Crazy Horse Roads,\"\" was released in 1968, and had some controversial album art, in what appeared to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7104538", "chunk_text": "\"The Long Voyage Home\"\n100% percent approval from critics, based on nine reviews. The Long Voyage Home The Long Voyage Home is a 1940 American drama film directed by John Ford. It stars John Wayne, Thomas Mitchell and Ian Hunter. It also features Barry Fitzgerald, Wilfrid Lawson, John Qualen, Mildred Natwick, and Ward Bond, among others. The film was adapted by Dudley Nichols from the plays \"\"The Moon of the Caribbees\"\", \"\"In the Zone\"\", \"\"Bound East for Cardiff\"\", and \"\"The Long Voyage Home\"\" by Eugene O'Neill. The original plays by Eugene O'Neill were written around the time of World War I and were among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7731710", "chunk_text": "\"It's Been a Long, Long Time\"\nIt's Been a Long, Long Time \"\"It's Been a Long, Long Time\"\" is a pop song written by Jule Styne and Sammy Cahn that was a hit at the end of World War II. The lyrics are written from the perspective of a person welcoming home his or her spouse or lover at the end of the war. The lyrics to the song were written by James Terlingo in 1932. The copyright by James Terlingo in 1932 took place on March 29, 1932. Terlingo sold the rights to the song. The music was written by Jule Styne and the lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14861135", "chunk_text": "\"Long Way Home (Steven Curtis Chapman song)\"\nLong Way Home (Steven Curtis Chapman song) \"\"Long Way Home\"\" is a song performed by Contemporary Christian singer-songwriter Steven Curtis Chapman, taken from his 2011 album \"\"\"\". Written and composed by Chapman, the song is led by the ukulele and has a \"\"sandy beach flavor\"\" and \"\"laid-back island vibe\"\". It lyrically ponders life on Earth being \"\"just a journey\"\", with the destination being Heaven; it also discusses trials in Chapman's own life. It met with positive critical response, with many critics regarding it as the best song from \"\"Re:creation\"\". In an interview with Deborah Evans Price of \"\"The Boot\"\", Chapman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16972355", "chunk_text": "\"Old Pasadena\"\nStrip in Nevada, or on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills. Notable people who have lived or spent time in Old Pasadena include General George Patton, Alexander Calder, Upton Sinclair, L. Ron Hubbard, Jack Parsons, Albert Einstein, Bobby Fischer and David Lee Roth. Old Pasadena Old Pasadena, often referred to as Old Town Pasadena or just Old Town, is the original commercial center of Pasadena, a city in California, United States that arose from one of the most prosperous areas of the state, and had a latter day revitalization after a period of decay. Old Pasadena began as the center of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3277953", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Judge\"\nGrand Theatre\"\", Stalybridge, Cheshire. He allegedly wrote the song for a 5 shilling bet on 30 January 1912 and performed it the next night at \"\"The Grand\"\". However, many people, including the Judge family, dispute this and say the song was written in his home town of Oldbury. The legal rights to \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" was purchased by a British music publishing company, Feldman, for £5. Harry Williams (died 1924), a neighbour of Judge, was co-attributed as composer. Later in his life when he became very unwell, the company gave him a weekly pension of £1. John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12137602", "chunk_text": "Stalybridge\nas many different locations as possible on the day. The song \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" was created in the Newmarket Tavern, by the composer Jack Judge, in 1912, after being challenged to write, compose, and produce a song in just one night;. It was first sung in public by him in the Grand Theatre on Corporation Street on 31 January 1912. On 31 January 1953 a memorial tablet was unveiled by Jack Hylton on the wall of the old Newmarket Tavern, where the song was composed. To coincide with the ceremony a wreath was laid on Jack Judge's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6358593", "chunk_text": "\"Long, Long, Long\"\na prolific songwriter, coinciding with his return to the guitar after two years of studying the Indian sitar. His musical inspiration for the song was \"\"Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands\"\" by Bob Dylan, while the understated arrangement partly reflects the influence of the Band's 1968 album \"\"Music from Big Pink\"\". The Beatles recorded the song in London towards the end of the White Album sessions, which were marked by acrimony among the band members in the fallout to their experiences in Rishikesh. Sequenced to follow the heavy rock-styled \"\"Helter Skelter\"\", the otherwise gentle and meditative track ends with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773934", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nJulie Andrews. It was also sung by the prisoners of war in Jean Renoir's film \"\"La Grande Illusion\"\" (1937) and as background music in \"\"The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming\"\" (1966). It is also the second part (the other two being \"\"Hanging on the Old Barbed Wire\"\" and \"\"Mademoiselle from Armentières\"\") of the regimental march of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. \"\"Mystery Science Theater 3000\"\" used it twice, sung by Crow T. Robot in \"\"\"\" (1996), then sung again for the final television episode. It is also sung by British soldiers in the film \"\"The Travelling Players\"\" (1975)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7025724", "chunk_text": "\"Tipperary (song)\"\nTipperary (song) \"\"Tipperary\"\" is the name of an Irish-oriented love song written in 1907 by Leo Curley, James M. Fulton and J. Fred Helf. It is not to be confused with the much better-known song from 1912, \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\". Both were sung at different times by early recording star Billy Murray. The full lyrics can be found at and . Chorus The term \"\"ferninst\"\" which appears in the second verse is an old-fashioned expression meaning \"\"beside\"\" (as in \"\"she sat ferninst me\"\"). The song is referenced by name in the 1917 song \"\"O'Brien is Tryin to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19870360", "chunk_text": "\"John Benson Brooks\"\nJohn Benson Brooks John Benson Brooks (February 23, 1917, Houlton, Maine – November 13, 1999, New York City) was an American jazz pianist, songwriter, arranger, and composer. Brooks worked early in his career as an arranger for Randy Brooks, Les Brown, Boyd Raeburn, and Tommy Dorsey. He worked often with lyricists Eddie DeLange and Bob Russell in the 1940s; he and DeLange wrote the song \"\"Just as Though You Were Here,\"\" a hit for Tommy Dorsey with Frank Sinatra as vocalist. He wrote \"\"You Came a Long Way from St. Louis\"\" with Bob Russell for Ray McKinley, released as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10060185", "chunk_text": "\"Long, Long, Long\"\nto release it eight years later partly as a result of attending the David Lynch Foundation's Transcendental Meditation awareness concert, \"\"Change Begins Within\"\", where \"\"[Harrison]'s name came up a lot ... his spirit was very big at that event.\"\" According to Ian MacDonald: Long, Long, Long \"\"Long, Long, Long\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 album \"\"The Beatles\"\" (also known as \"\"the White Album\"\"). It was written by George Harrison, the group's lead guitarist, while they were attending Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh, India, in early 1968. Although Harrison later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16525395", "chunk_text": "\"The Long Goodbye (film)\"\nreportedly thrilled by Hayden's performance, despite him being second choice to Blocker. Altman's home in Malibu Colony was used as the location for the scenes that took place in Wade's house. The soundtrack of \"\"The Long Goodbye\"\" features two songs, \"\"Hooray for Hollywood\"\" and the eponymous \"\"The Long Goodbye\"\", composed by John Williams and Johnny Mercer. It was Altman's idea to have every occurrence of the latter song arranged differently, from hippie chant to supermarket muzak to radio music, setting the mood for the hero's encounters with eccentric Californians, while pursuing his case. Varèse Sarabande released selections from Williams' score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10582200", "chunk_text": "\"Let's Take the Long Way Home\"\nLet's Take the Long Way Home Let's Take the Long Way Home: a memoir of friendship is a memoir by Gail Caldwell (1951–). The memoir describes the friendship between the author and fellow writer Caroline Knapp who died at the age of 42 in 2002, and it takes place in Cambridge, Massachusetts. \"\"Let's Take the Long Way Home\"\" was published in 2010. The title refers to their habit of taking the long way home so that they could continue their conversations. The book opens \"\"It's an old, old story: I had a friend and we shared everything, and then she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10099495", "chunk_text": "\"Long, Long Ago\"\nLong, Long Ago \"\"Long, Long Ago\"\" is a song dealing with nostalgia, written in 1833 by English composer Thomas Haynes Bayly. Originally called \"\"The Long Ago\"\", its name was apparently changed by the editor Rufus Wilmot Griswold when it was first published, posthumously, in a Philadelphia magazine, along with a collection of other songs and poems by Bayly. The song was well received, and became one of the most popular songs in the United States in 1844. The first popular recording of the song was that by Geraldine Farrar for the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1913. In 1939 the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19975783", "chunk_text": "\"Alonzo Elliot\"\nAlonzo Elliot Alonzo \"\"Zo\"\" Elliot (May 25, 1891 – June 25, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. Born in Manchester, New Hampshire, Elliot was educated at St. Paul’s School in Concord, New Hampshire, Phillips Academy (Andover, Massachusetts), Yale University, Cambridge University, and Columbia Law School. He also studied music privately with Nadia Boulanger and Leonard Bernstein, among others. His best-known composition is \"\"There's a Long Long Trail A-Winding\"\", a popular song from the era of World War I. Elliott wrote the music, and Stoddard King (1889–1933), Elliot's chief song collaborator, wrote the lyrics, when they were seniors at Yale.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12099257", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Berlin, But We'll Get There!\"\nfeatures a photo of Henry Bergman. The American Quartet recorded the song with conductor Rosario Bourdon. The bass vocals were John H. Meyer and William F. Hooley. The tenor vocals were Billy Murray and Albert Campbell. It was recorded on September 26, 1917 and released under the Victor Record label. Arhtur Fields also recorded a version of the song, which was released in 1918 under Edison Blue Amberol. The song was instantly successful upon its release. It was reminiscent of the 1912 British war song, \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary.\"\" The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20370368", "chunk_text": "\"A Long, Long Way to Tipperary\"\nHiggins brothers in Sydney in the early years of the war. They struggled to recover their costs from the distributor, Australasian Films. They were also involved in a dispute with the Fraser Film Release and Photographic Company over their attempts to distribute a British film from Maurice Elvey with the same title. Raymond Longford said he worked on the film but claimed the direction was done by the Higgins brothers. A Long, Long Way to Tipperary It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary is a 1914 Australian silent film based on the song \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6358592", "chunk_text": "\"Long, Long, Long\"\nLong, Long, Long \"\"Long, Long, Long\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 album \"\"The Beatles\"\" (also known as \"\"the White Album\"\"). It was written by George Harrison, the group's lead guitarist, while they were attending Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh, India, in early 1968. Although Harrison later stated that he was addressing God in the lyrics, it is the first of his compositions that invites interpretation as both a standard love song and a paean to his deity. \"\"Long, Long, Long\"\" originated during a period in which Harrison emerged as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14026263", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long, Long Way to the U.S.A. (And the Girl I Left Behind)\"\nof the soldiers is dreaming about a woman, whose image is seen in the smoke clouds. The title of the song was borrowed from the popular march, \"\"It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary.\"\" The song was successful in 1917. It is one of Tilzer's 22 war-inspired songs. The song tells the story of a wounded soldier giving his friend a verbal message to deliver to his \"\"little girl\"\" and mother. It appears as though the soldier is near death as he speaks softly and says, \"\"Night and day how I was praying her dear face once more to see.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4564289", "chunk_text": "\"Comes A-Long A-Love\"\nComes A-Long A-Love \"\"Comes A-Long A-Love\"\" is a hit single for American singer Kay Starr. The song was released in 1952 and was written by the former Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman. This was the last hit song Sherman would write, handing the reins over to his sons, Bob and Dick Sherman who were just beginning their song writing careers in 1952. On September 27, 1952, \"\"Comes A-Long A-Love\"\" reached number nine on the \"\"Billboard\"\" top singles chart. The song has appeared in the soundtracks of several films, including the 2006 release of \"\"Confetti\"\". The track also topped the,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1548607", "chunk_text": "\"Horace Dobbins\"\nHorace Dobbins Horace M. Dobbins (August 29, 1868 – September 21, 1962) was a Philadelphia-born businessman and politician who served as Mayor of Pasadena, California, United States in 1900-1901. Horace Dobbins was known for building the California Cycleway from Pasadena to Los Angeles. Horace Dobbins had the exclusive idea of incorporating an elevated tollway for bicycles and other horseless vehicles from the Green Hotel in Pasadena to Los Angeles. This idea was brought to mind on 23 August 1897. Dobbins personally secured the right of way for six miles and the completed route was almost nine miles long. Unfortunately, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20370367", "chunk_text": "\"A Long, Long Way to Tipperary\"\nA Long, Long Way to Tipperary It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary is a 1914 Australian silent film based on the song \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" by Jack Judge. Irish woman Molly Malone is in love with Paddy O'Reilly, who emigrates to England to better himself. He enlists in the British army during World War I and is sent to the front. Another Irishman, Mick, desires Molly and swears vengeance on Paddy. Molly dreams that Paddy and Mick fight but then sees that she is reunited with Paddy. The film was one of several produced by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10748847", "chunk_text": "\"There's a Long Long Trail A-Winding\"\nMusic of Time: Third Movement There's a Long Long Trail A-Winding \"\"There's a Long, Long Trail\"\" is a popular song of World War I. The lyrics were by Stoddard King (1889–1933) and the music by Alonzo \"\"Zo\"\" Elliott, both seniors at Yale. It was published in London in 1914, but a December, 1913 copyright (which, like all American works made before 1923, has since expired) for the music is claimed by Zo Elliott. In Elliott's own words to Marc Drogin shortly before his death in 1964, he created the music as an idle pursuit one day in his dorm room", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20836376", "chunk_text": "\"So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright\"\nSo Long, Frank Lloyd Wright \"\"So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright\"\" is a song written by Paul Simon that was originally released on Simon & Garfunkel's 1970 album \"\"Bridge over Troubled Water\"\". It has since been released on several Simon & Garfunkel compilation albums. It has also been recorded by the London Pops Orchestra and Joe Chindamo trio. Art Garfunkel has stated that the origin of the song came from his request that Paul Simon write a song about the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright while Simon has stated that he wrote the song, despite not knowing who Wright was. Garfunkel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18618129", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nWay To Tipperary\"\" as a straightforward march, complete with brass, drums and cymbals, with a quick bar of \"\"Rule, Britannia!\"\" thrown into the instrumental interlude between the first and second verse-chorus combination. Jack Judge's parents were Irish, and his grandparents came from Tipperary. Judge and Harry Williams met in Oldbury, Worcestershire at the Malt Shovel, where Williams's brother Ben was the licensee. Judge and Williams began a long-term writing partnership that resulted in 32 music hall songs published by Feldmans. Williams was severely handicapped, having fallen down cellar steps as a child. His parents were publicans (proprietors of pubs) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9778958", "chunk_text": "\"A Long Long Way\"\nA Long Long Way A Long Long Way is a novel by Irish author Sebastian Barry, set during the First World War. The young protagonist Willie Dunne leaves Dublin to fight voluntarily for the Allies as a member of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, leaving behind his prospective bride Gretta and his policeman father. He is caught between the warfare playing out on foreign fields (mainly at Flanders) and that festering at home, waiting to erupt with the Easter Rising. The novel was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 2005. In a 2009 US National Public Radio interview, author R. L.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9168955", "chunk_text": "\"Long Way to Go (Alan Jackson song)\"\nLong Way to Go (Alan Jackson song) \"\"Long Way to Go\"\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released in June 2011 as the lead-off single from his seventeenth studio album \"\"Thirty Miles West\"\", and debut on his new label EMI Records Nashville. The song reached number 24 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs chart. When Alan Jackson was asked of the his self-penned song he stated, \"\"Seems like every time you turn around lately there's just something heavy going on in the world, so I felt like singing something that was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773938", "chunk_text": "\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\nsecond time as they cruise toward home port after near disaster. When the hellship SS \"\"Lisbon Maru\"\" was sinking, the Royal Artillery POWS trapped in the vessel are reported to have sung this song. Survivors of the sinking of HMS \"\"Tipperary\"\" in the Battle of Jutland (1916) were identified by their rescuers on HMS \"\"Sparrowhawk\"\" because they were singing \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" in their lifeboat. <poem> </poem> An alternative bawdy concluding chorus: <poem> </poem> It's a Long Way to Tipperary \"\"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\"\" is a British music hall song written by Henry James \"\"Harry\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17207004", "chunk_text": "\"Oh! Mr Porter\"\nOh! Mr Porter \"\"Oh! Mr Porter\"\" is an old British music hall song about a girl \"\"going too far\"\". It was famously part of the repertoires of the artistes Norah Blaney and It was written in 1892 by George Le Brunn and his brother Thomas, and taken on an extended provincial tour that same year by Marie Lloyd. The lyrics include this chorus: Birmingham is the second city of England. Crewe is a town better known as a railway junction than as a destination. The song is alluded to in the 1922 novel \"\"Ulysses\"\" by James Joyce. The title of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11616496", "chunk_text": "\"The Little Old Lady (from Pasadena)\"\nThe Little Old Lady (from Pasadena) \"\"The Little Old Lady (from Pasadena)\"\" is a song written by Don Altfeld, Jan Berry and Roger Christian, and recorded by 1960s American pop singers, Jan and Dean. The song reached number three on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in 1964 and number one on Canada's RPM chart. The session musicians who played on this record (who were collectively known as The Wrecking Crew) included Leon Russell on piano; Tommy Tedesco, Bill Pitman and Billy Strange on guitar; Ray Pohlman and Jimmy Bond on bass; and Hal Blaine and Earl Palmer on drums. Jan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17507657", "chunk_text": "\"David Rose (songwriter)\"\nDavid Rose (songwriter) David Rose (June 15, 1910 – August 23, 1990) was an American songwriter, composer, arranger, pianist, and orchestra leader. His most famous compositions were \"\"The Stripper\"\", \"\"Holiday for Strings\"\", and \"\"Calypso Melody\"\". He also wrote music for many television series, including \"\"It's a Great Life\"\", \"\"The Tony Martin Show\"\", \"\"Little House on the Prairie\"\", \"\"Highway to Heaven\"\", \"\"Bonanza\"\", and \"\"Highway Patrol\"\" under the pseudonym \"\"Ray Llewellyn.\"\" Rose's work in composing music for television programs earned him four Emmys. In addition, he was musical director for \"\"The Red Skelton Show\"\" during its 21-year run on the CBS and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_718	who wrote the song i hate you i love you?	n/a	[ "Garrett Nash", "Olivia O'Brien", "Angel Benitez" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12182654", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\nI Hate U, I Love U \"\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\" (stylized as \"\"i hate u, i love u\"\") is a song by American singer and rapper Gnash featuring American singer Olivia O'Brien. It was released on February 26, 2016, as the first single from Gnash's third extended play, \"\"Us\"\" (2017). The song peaked at number ten on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in Australia, a first for both Gnash and O'Brien, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Norway and the United Kingdom. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16755823", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate U\"\nI Hate U \"\"I Hate U\"\" (also spelled \"\"Eye Hate U\"\" to reflect the pictograph in the published title) is a song by American musician Prince from his 1995 album \"\"The Gold Experience\"\". The track was the lead single in support of the album, released on September 12, 1995. \"\"I Hate U\"\" was nearly a solo effort from Prince, although he credited Minneapolis musician Ricky Peterson with co-production and arranging, as well as providing additional keyboards. Carmen Electra says Prince told her it was about her: Beginning with crashing drums, the \"\"NPG Operator\"\" welcomes the listener to \"\"The Hate Experience\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10577800", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\nin Benitez threatening to sue Gnash for songwriting credit. I Hate U, I Love U \"\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\" (stylized as \"\"i hate u, i love u\"\") is a song by American singer and rapper Gnash featuring American singer Olivia O'Brien. It was released on February 26, 2016, as the first single from Gnash's third extended play, \"\"Us\"\" (2017). The song peaked at number ten on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts in Australia, a first for both Gnash and O'Brien, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18006427", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"\nI Hate Myself for Loving You \"\"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"\" is a 1988 song from Joan Jett & the Blackhearts and the first single from the album \"\"Up Your Alley\"\". The song reached No. 8 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, Jett's third single to reach the Top 10, and her first since \"\"Crimson and Clover\"\" in 1982. The song spent six weeks longer on the charts than did the group's biggest hit, \"\"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\"\" (which was on the chart for 20 weeks). Former Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor played the guitar solo in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13164502", "chunk_text": "\"She Hates Me\"\nShe Hates Me \"\"She Hates Me\"\", sometimes colloquially referred to as \"\"She Fucking Hates Me\"\", is a song by the band Puddle of Mudd. It was written in 1993 and released in 2002. It continued the group's popularity on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, peaking at number 13, though not as successful as the number five hit \"\"Blurry\"\". It also topped the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for one week in October. The popularity of \"\"She Hates Me\"\" made it become Puddle of Mudd's second single to sell over 500,000 copies in the United States, following \"\"Blurry\"\". The song peaked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10577799", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\nlove u,' with singer-songwriter Olivia O'Brien, which inexplicably rose to the Top 10 of the Hot 100 this year. The singsongy melody is obnoxious as an ice cream truck jingle, while the lifeless production drains it of any energy.\"\" In 2017, the song was nominated for a Radio Disney Music Award for Best Breakup Song. On October 21, 2018, songwriter Angel Benitez requested Gnash for a songwriter credit on the song for the use of his quote \"\"I'm always tired, but never of you\"\". The following day, Gnash did not comply with Benitez's request and blocked him on Twitter, resulting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9835998", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Love Songs\"\nI Hate Love Songs \"\"I Hate Love Songs\"\" is a song by American country pop singer Kelsea Ballerini for her second studio album, \"\"Unapologetically\"\" (2017). Ballerini co-wrote the track with Shane McAnally and Trevor Rosen. The song was released to American country radio on March 12, 2018, serving as the second single for the album. \"\"I Hate Love Songs\"\" has reached number 25 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Country Airplay and number 28 on the Hot Country Songs charts. \"\"I Hate Love Songs\"\" is a doo-wop-inspired country pop song that speaks of Ballerini's distaste for romantic lyrical clichés. Critics noted the 1950s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18096898", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate the Music\"\nI Hate the Music \"\"I Hate the Music\"\" is an pop song written by George Young and Harry Vanda and recorded by Australian pop singer John Paul Young (no relation). The song was released in March 1976 as the lead single from the singer's second studio album, \"\"J.P.Y.\"\" (1976). It peaked at number 2 on the Kent Music Report in Australia, remaining on the chart for 20 weeks. It was certified gold in Australia for shipment of 35000 units. It reached number 1 on the South African singles chart. In 1998, the song was covered by Ratcat and John Paul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11348564", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate You Then I Love You\"\nI Hate You Then I Love You \"\"I Hate You Then I Love You\"\" is a song sung as a duet between Celine Dion and Luciano Pavarotti. It was first released as a track on Celine Dion's 1997 album \"\"Let's Talk About Love\"\". It was later released in Italy as a promotional single on 7 September 1998. \"\"I Hate You Then I Love You\"\" (slightly modified \"\"Never, Never, Never\"\" by Shirley Bassey) is an adaptation of the Italian song \"\"Grande grande grande\"\" sung by Mina. Dion and Pavarotti performed this song live during the Pavarotti & Friends for the Children", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1928625", "chunk_text": "\"Gnash (musician)\"\nGnash (musician) Garrett Charles Nash (born June 16, 1993) better known by his stage name Gnash (stylized as gnash with a silent g), is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, DJ and record producer. He released his debut extended play (EP), \"\"U\"\", in March 2015 on SoundCloud and followed up with the \"\"Me\"\" EP in December 2015. His third EP, titled \"\"Us\"\", was released in March 2017 and includes the single, \"\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\", featuring Olivia O'Brien, which peaked at number 10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and reached number one in Australia. Garrett Charles Nash was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3895973", "chunk_text": "\"Me Odio\"\nMe Odio \"\"Me Odio\"\" (\"\"I Hate Myself\"\") is a song recorded by Cuban-American singer Gloria Estefan for her fourth Spanish-language and eleventh studio album, \"\"90 Millas\"\". The song was written by Gloria Estefan and her husband, Emilio Estefan Jr. and Gaitanes (Alberto y Ricardo Gaitan), while production was credited to Estefan Jr. and Gaitanes. The single was released by SonyBMG on November 2, 2007 digitally worldwide as the second and first promotional-only single from \"\"90 Millas\"\". As its predecessor, the song is a danzón that mixes a powerful guitar and trumpet intro with a salsa background driven by a piano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5907954", "chunk_text": "\"Hate That I Love You\"\nHate That I Love You \"\"Hate That I Love You\"\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her third studio album, \"\"Good Girl Gone Bad\"\" (2007). It features vocals by American singer and songwriter Ne-Yo, who co-wrote the song with its producers StarGate. Def Jam Recordings released the song on August 21, 2007, as the third single from \"\"Good Girl Gone Bad\"\". A Spanglish version featuring David Bisbal was made available on April 28, 2008. \"\"Hate That I Love You\"\" is a mid-tempo R&B song about the power of love, with influences of folk music. \"\"Hate That I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8125383", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You (Cole Porter song)\"\nI Love You (Cole Porter song) \"\"I Love You\"\" is a song written by Cole Porter in 1944 for his stage musical \"\"Mexican Hayride\"\". The New York Times reviewed the show saying, inter alia, \"\"Of Mr. Porter's score, the best number bears the title almost startling in its forthrightness, \"\"I Love You,\"\" and is the property of Mr. Evans\"\" (Wilbur Evans). However the rather commonplace lyrics of the song and why they were perhaps sub-standard for the song-writer was due to a challenge given Porter. His friend Monty Woolley contended that Porter's talent lay in the off-beat and the esoteric,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16469791", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia O'Brien\"\nOlivia O'Brien Olivia O'Brien (born November 26, 1999) is an American singer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. She is best known for her collaboration with gnash on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 top 10 song, \"\"i hate u, i love u\"\". She has since released her debut extended play \"\"It's Not That Deep\"\". O’Brien was born on November 26, 1999, in Thousand Oaks, California. She has been singing since she was seven years old, and taught herself to play guitar and piano. She attended Justin-Siena High School in Napa, California. She later attended an online high school, but ultimately decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10388954", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You Love Me Love\"\nI Love You Love Me Love \"\"I Love You Love Me Love\"\" is a song by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter. Written by Glitter with Mike Leander and produced by Mike Leander (unusually in monophonic sound), \"\"I Love You Love Me Love\"\" was Glitter's second number-one single on the UK Singles Chart, spending four weeks at the top of the chart in November 1973, and establishing itself as one of the top 10 best-selling singles of 1973 in the UK. It reached No. 2 in both Ireland and Australia. It is Glitter's most successful entry in the UK Singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8839732", "chunk_text": "\"Desmond Child\"\nDesmond Child Desmond Child (born John Charles Barrett; October 28, 1953) is an American songwriter and producer. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008. He is the son of Hungarian father Joseph Marfy and a Cuban songwriter Elena Casals. His hits as a songwriter include Kiss's \"\"I Was Made for Lovin' You\"\"; Joan Jett & the Blackhearts' \"\"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"\"; Bon Jovi's \"\"You Give Love a Bad Name\"\", \"\"Livin' on a Prayer\"\", \"\"Bad Medicine\"\" and \"\"Born to Be My Baby\"\"; Aerosmith's \"\"Dude (Looks Like a Lady), \"\"Angel\"\", \"\"What It Takes\"\" and \"\"Crazy\"\"; Cher's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2083189", "chunk_text": "\"Everybody Hates Me\"\nEverybody Hates Me \"\"Everybody Hates Me\"\" is a song by American music production duo the Chainsmokers. It was produced by the Chainsmokers and Shaun Frank, with lyrics written by Emily Warren and the song's composer Andrew Taggart. It was released by Disruptor Records and Columbia Records on March 16, 2018, as the third single from the duo's second studio album, \"\"Sick Boy\"\". Its official music video received a nomination for Best Dance at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards. The duo debuted the song during a live show in Prague on February 11, 2018. They first teased the song on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18006429", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"\nSeptember 10, 2011. The song made an appearance in the When Peck This sounds At Concert. I Hate Myself for Loving You \"\"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"\" is a 1988 song from Joan Jett & the Blackhearts and the first single from the album \"\"Up Your Alley\"\". The song reached No. 8 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, Jett's third single to reach the Top 10, and her first since \"\"Crimson and Clover\"\" in 1982. The song spent six weeks longer on the charts than did the group's biggest hit, \"\"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\"\" (which was on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5302832", "chunk_text": "\"Love Hate (album)\"\nLove Hate (album) Love Hate is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter The-Dream. It was released on December 11, 2007, by his Def Jam-imprint label Radio Killa. The album's title is the abbreviation for \"\"Love me all summer, hate me all winter\"\". The album contains the elements for its outing as primarily a R&B and pop album, with the production that was provided by Christopher Stewart and Carlos McKinney. The album was inspired by the works of musical styles derived from the 1980s for its works from Prince and Michael Jackson. The album features two guest appearances from American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18380897", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia O'Brien\"\nreleased a new single, entitled \"\"I Don't Exist\"\" on iTunes, after teasing the song's release on Twitter and Instagram. She released the single \"\"Care Less More\"\" on November 9, 2018. A music video for the song was released on November 16 through \"\"Idolator\"\". Olivia O'Brien Olivia O'Brien (born November 26, 1999) is an American singer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. She is best known for her collaboration with gnash on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 top 10 song, \"\"i hate u, i love u\"\". She has since released her debut extended play \"\"It's Not That Deep\"\". O’Brien was born on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1928628", "chunk_text": "\"Gnash (musician)\"\nmy mind a lot. we’re all people & we all go thru shit,\"\" on an Instagram post. In 2018 he said that he had been seeing a therapist and seeking mental help. He believes that its okay to have feelings and music has been therapeutic to him when expressing them. In 2017, Nash was nominated for his song, \"\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\" (featuring Olivia O'Brien) as the best breakup song at the 2017 Radio Disney Music Awards. Gnash (musician) Garrett Charles Nash (born June 16, 1993) better known by his stage name Gnash (stylized as gnash with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11308264", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Myself and Want to Die\"\nI Hate Myself and Want to Die \"\"I Hate Myself and Want to Die\"\" is a song by the American rock band, Nirvana, written by vocalist and guitarist, Kurt Cobain. It appears on the compilation, \"\"The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience\"\", released in November of 1993. The song was also sanctioned to be released as a b-side to the band's \"\"Pennyroyal Tea\"\" single, but the single's original release was cancelled after Cobain's death in April 1994. In April 2014, it was released, featuring \"\"I Hate Myself and Want to Die,\"\" on limited edition 7 inch vinyl for Record Store Day, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4772897", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Myself and Want to Die\"\nI Hate Myself and Want to Die \"\"I Hate Myself and Want to Die\"\" is a song by the American rock band, Nirvana, written by vocalist and guitarist, Kurt Cobain. It appears on the compilation, \"\"The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience\"\", released in November of 1993. The song was also sanctioned to be released as a b-side to the band's \"\"Pennyroyal Tea\"\" single, but the single's original release was cancelled after Cobain's death in April 1994. In April 2014, it was released, featuring \"\"I Hate Myself and Want to Die,\"\" on limited edition 7 inch vinyl for Record Store Day, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3686178", "chunk_text": "\"Love to Hate You\"\nLove to Hate You \"\"Love to Hate You\"\" is a song by Erasure which was released in 1991 as the second single from the duo's fifth studio album \"\"Chorus\"\". The single was released by Mute Records in the UK and Sire Records in the U.S. The song, written by band members Vince Clarke and Andy Bell is an electronic dance track clearly inspired by disco music. The synthesizer melody in the chorus of \"\"Love to Hate You\"\" is an interpolation of the string break from the Gloria Gaynor disco-era classic \"\"I Will Survive\"\". The song's music video features Erasure performing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9836001", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Love Songs\"\ncareer to miss the top three on the Country Airplay chart as well as the second to miss number one. The song has sold 94,000 copies in the United States as of September 2018. I Hate Love Songs \"\"I Hate Love Songs\"\" is a song by American country pop singer Kelsea Ballerini for her second studio album, \"\"Unapologetically\"\" (2017). Ballerini co-wrote the track with Shane McAnally and Trevor Rosen. The song was released to American country radio on March 12, 2018, serving as the second single for the album. \"\"I Hate Love Songs\"\" has reached number 25 on the \"\"Billboard\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13303877", "chunk_text": "\"You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)\"\nYou Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It) \"\"You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)\"\" is a popular song. The music was written by James V. Monaco, the lyrics by Joseph McCarthy and the song was published in 1913. It was introduced by Al Jolson in the Broadway revue \"\"The Honeymoon Express\"\" (1913) and used in the 1973 revival of the musical \"\"Irene\"\". One of the earliest recordings of the song was by Al Jolson which was recorded on June 4, 1913. It was released on Columbia A-1374 and was a huge hit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12182655", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate U, I Love U\"\nMarch 20, 2016, O'Brien released her solo version of the song titled \"\"Hate U Love U\"\". The song will be included on Gnash's debut studio album, \"\"We\"\", which will be released 2019 January 11. Gnash enlisted San Francisco singer-songwriter Olivia O'Brien with the help of JB, who originally wrote the song, to provide the vocals for the track. O'Brien had already worked with Gnash, having covered his song \"\"Disposable\"\". Gnash originally released the song on February 15, 2016, on his SoundCloud page. It was released commercially on iTunes on March 17, 2017, becoming the lead single of Gnash's extended play,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16755829", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate U\"\ntime was that the lyrics of this version referred to Carmen Electra (whom Prince had worked with and dated for a time) after it was discovered that she \"\"gave her body to\"\" N.P.G. member Tony M. \"\"in the name of fun\"\". Electra has confirmed that the song was written about her. Other versions of the song were various edits. The Japanese CD single was unique in that it included the album version of \"\"Endorphinmachine\"\" as an extra track. I Hate U \"\"I Hate U\"\" (also spelled \"\"Eye Hate U\"\" to reflect the pictograph in the published title) is a song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14064316", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You (Otis Leavill song)\"\nI Love You (Otis Leavill song) \"\"I Love You\"\" is a song and single written by Carl Davis, Eugene Record and Barbara Acklin and performed by American soul singer, Otis Leavill. Record and Acklin also provided backing vocals. At the time of the recording, Leavill was vice-president of Dakar Records, the label upon which the song was released. It was first released in 1969 in America and reached 10 on the R&B chart and 63 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in January 1970. Allmusic.com described Leavill's rendition as \"\"imitating Record, the Chi-lites' lead singer\"\". It was released on Atlantic in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19943403", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Boys\"\nI Hate Boys \"\"I Hate Boys\"\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Christina Aguilera for her sixth studio album, \"\"Bionic\"\" (2010). The song was written by Aguilera, Ester Dean, William Tyler, Bill Wellings, J. J. Hunter and Jamal Jones, who also handled the production of the track. \"\"I Hate Boys\"\" is a glam rock and pop song, containing elements of urban pop and synthpop. Lyrically, it is a hate-driven song about ridiculing bad boys. \"\"I Hate Boys\"\" was released as the second and final single from \"\"Bionic\"\" in New Zealand and Australia. It was serviced to Australian radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19261619", "chunk_text": "\"Everybody Hates Me\"\ngrace: a triumphant EDM drop to rival 'Roses,' delivering exactly the kind of sugar-coated synthy satisfaction they deliberately withheld on the previous whiners 'Sick Boy' and 'You Owe Me.'\"\" Credits adapted from Tidal. Everybody Hates Me \"\"Everybody Hates Me\"\" is a song by American music production duo the Chainsmokers. It was produced by the Chainsmokers and Shaun Frank, with lyrics written by Emily Warren and the song's composer Andrew Taggart. It was released by Disruptor Records and Columbia Records on March 16, 2018, as the third single from the duo's second studio album, \"\"Sick Boy\"\". Its official music video received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18006428", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"\nsong. One of the backing vocalists featured on the \"\"Up Your Alley\"\" album was Louie Merlino, later the founder of the band Beggars & Thieves. Merlino did backing vocals on countless songs that were written or co-written by Desmond Child. When Las Vegas-based band Sin City Sinners has Merlino singing with them, it is not uncommon for them to cover this song. For this song, Joan Jett & the Blackhearts received a nomination at the 31st Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The single charted at No. 39 on rock digital songs in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20471041", "chunk_text": "\"You're Awful, I Love You\"\nYou're Awful, I Love You You're Awful, I Love You is the second full-length studio album by St. Louis pop punk band Ludo and the band's first to be released by Island Records. The title comes from a lyric in their single, \"\"Love Me Dead.\"\" The song \"\"Love Me Dead\"\" was featured in a summer 2008 promo for the television series House. \"\"IGN\"\"s Chad Grischow praised lead singer Andrew Volpe's vocals for being \"\"compelling without becoming theatrical\"\" and the mixture of \"\"poppy hooks and macabre lyrics\"\" throughout the track listing but felt that most of them \"\"fall short with bland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13141288", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You (The Zombies song)\"\nI Love You (The Zombies song) \"\"I Love You\"\" is a 1965 song by the Zombies, written by their member Chris White, which was covered by People! and the Carnabeats and by several other artists, including foreign translations. \"\"I Love You\"\" was written by Chris White, who indicated: \"\"The thing that came first was the riff. That was the root of writing that one. In actual fact I think I nicked it off Tommy Roe\"\". It was recorded by the British pop band The Zombies on 8 July 1965 at Decca Studios. It was released in August 1965 as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9735405", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You (Vanilla Ice song)\"\nas \"\"a lyrically simplistic, overemoted ballad\"\". The music video was featured in an episode of \"\"Beavis and Butt-head\"\", where the duo make fun of Ice and pan the video. I Love You (Vanilla Ice song) \"\"I Love You\"\" is a hip hop song written by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released as a single, it peaked at number 52 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1990. It was also a hit in the UK (45), Germany (65), and New Zealand, where it peaked at number 30. A departure from his usual style, \"\"I Love You\"\" is a ballad, and was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12111315", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate You for It\"\nI Hate You for It \"\"I Hate You for It\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian country artist Chad Brownlee for his first extended play, \"\"Hearts on Fire\"\" (2016). Brownlee co-wrote the song with the track's producers, Ben Glover and Mitch Merrett. It was released to Canadian country radio April 26, 2016 as the second single three days before the EP's release. \"\"I Hate You for It\"\" was certified Gold by Music Canada in January 2017 for digital sales of over 40,000 copies, becoming his first certified single. \"\"I Hate You for It\"\" combines country vocals with influences of rock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3018202", "chunk_text": "\"My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)\"\nMy Love for You (Has Turned to Hate) \"\"My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)\"\" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It was his third single released on Sterling Records in April 1947. After issuing two singles containing mostly spiritual music, \"\"My Love for You (Has Turned to Hate)\"\" was the kind of bitter love song that Williams would become famous for, its narrator turning away a remorseful lover who wishes to come back. It was recorded on February 13, 1947 in Nashville with Fred Rose producing and featured Tommy Jackson (fiddle), Dale \"\"Smokey\"\" Lohman (steel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11029895", "chunk_text": "\"A Boy Named Sue\"\nSue.\"\" The Proclaimers reference \"\"A Boy Named Sue\"\" in \"\"Hate My Love\"\" A Boy Named Sue \"\"A Boy Named Sue\"\" is a song written by humorist and poet Shel Silverstein and made popular by Johnny Cash. Cash recorded the song live in concert on February 24, 1969 at California's San Quentin State Prison for his \"\"At San Quentin\"\" album. Cash also performed the song (with comical variations on the original performance) in December 1969 at Madison Square Garden. The live San Quentin version of the song became Cash's biggest hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and his only top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10388955", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You Love Me Love\"\nChart (it entered the chart at number-one and had a 14-week run in the Top 40), earning him the first platinum record (which at the time certified sales of 1 million copies) awarded to a British artist. It has sold 1.14 million copies in the UK as of November 2012, although many former fans have since either destroyed, binned or donated their unwanted copies to charity shops. I Love You Love Me Love \"\"I Love You Love Me Love\"\" is a song by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter. Written by Glitter with Mike Leander and produced by Mike Leander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14329769", "chunk_text": "\"Gordon Chambers\"\nGordon Chambers Gordon Anthony Chambers (c. 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer who has written songs for more than 75 recording artists including Angie Stone, Yolanda Adams, The Isley Brothers, Brandy, Trey Songz, Chaka Khan, Patti Labelle, Usher, Marc Anthony, Jamie Foxx, Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston and Beyoncé Knowles. His number-1 hits as lyricist include Anita Baker's Grammy-winning hit \"\"I Apologize\"\", Brownstone's Grammy-nominated hit \"\"If You Love Me\"\", Angie Stone's \"\"No More Rain (In This Cloud)\"\", the Grammy-nominated theme of 1996's \"\"Set It Off\"\" \"\"Missing You\"\" (performed by Brandy, Tamia, Gladys Knight and Chaka Khan) and Yolanda Adams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1740387", "chunk_text": "\"She Loves You\"\nShe Loves You \"\"She Loves You\"\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963. The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964. It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom. In November 2004, \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" ranked \"\"She Loves You\"\" number 64", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5907961", "chunk_text": "\"Hate That I Love You\"\nsingles \"\"Sexy Love\"\" and \"\"Because of You\"\". Regarding the lyrics, Rihanna said, \"\"When you're in love with someone, even though they keep hurting you, you're so naive and you love them so much that you put all the negative behind even though you keep getting hurt.\"\" \"\"Hate That I Love You\"\" received generally positive reviews from critics. Taila Kraines from BBC Music called it a gorgeously simple modern duet. A reviewer from \"\"The New York Times\"\" called the duet breezy. Quentin B. Huff of PopMatters was unconvinced that \"\"Hate That I Love You\"\" is a full-fledged ballad, but praised its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14064317", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You (Otis Leavill song)\"\nthe UK in 1970 but failed to chart. I Love You (Otis Leavill song) \"\"I Love You\"\" is a song and single written by Carl Davis, Eugene Record and Barbara Acklin and performed by American soul singer, Otis Leavill. Record and Acklin also provided backing vocals. At the time of the recording, Leavill was vice-president of Dakar Records, the label upon which the song was released. It was first released in 1969 in America and reached 10 on the R&B chart and 63 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in January 1970. Allmusic.com described Leavill's rendition as \"\"imitating Record, the Chi-lites'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9191352", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You, Oh No\"\nI Love You, Oh No \"\"I Love You, Oh No!\"\" is a song written by Chica Sato, Hajime Tachibana, and Toshio Nakanishi for Plastics, released in 1979 from their debut album \"\"Welcome Plastics\"\". The song was covered by Stereo Total as \"\"I Love You Ono\"\" – a play of words on both the original Plastics title and Yoko Ono – and is a likely homage to the original version's Japanese origin. It was released on the band's 1999 concept album \"\"My Melody\"\", published through Bobsled Records. It was used by Sony in a European commercial for the Handycam in June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6047164", "chunk_text": "\"I Know UR Girlfriend Hates Me\"\nI Know UR Girlfriend Hates Me \"\"I Know UR Girlfriend Hates Me\"\" is an electropop song performed by Norwegian recording artist Annie. It was released on 14 July 2008 as the lead single from her second studio album, \"\"Don't Stop\"\" (2009). However, the song is not featured on the standard track listing of the album but is available on the special edition bonus disc. Annie wrote \"\"I Know UR Girlfriend Hates Me\"\" with producer Richard X and songwriter Hannah Robinson, the two of whom had written \"\"Chewing Gum\"\" and \"\"Me Plus One\"\" from Annie's debut album \"\"Anniemal\"\" (2004). They wrote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9284827", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Myself (band)\"\nI Hate Myself (band) I Hate Myself, stylized as \"\"i hate myself\"\", was an emo band formed by Jon and Jim Marburger in Gainesville, Florida during 1996. I Hate Myself use elements of post-hardcore and indie in their songs. No titles were given to any album or single, and their first release (a 4-song one-sided LP) went so far as to not even include song titles. (The second song is the only one with a known title, \"\"Less Than Nothing\"\", as marked on a later compilation album.) Further releases contained song titles that were often very long by conventional standards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18325372", "chunk_text": "\"Baby, I Love You\"\nBaby, I Love You \"\"Baby, I Love You\"\" is a song originally recorded by The Ronettes in 1963 and released on their debut album \"\"Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes\"\" (1964). The song was written by Jeff Barry, Ellie Greenwich, and Phil Spector, and produced by Spector. Released in November 1963, the single reached number 24 on both the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and \"\"Cashbox\"\" Top 100 charts, and peaked at number 11 on the UK Pop Chart. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked the song as number 56 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. After their lack of success", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14028840", "chunk_text": "\"Rob Moir (musician)\"\nRob Moir (musician) Robert Daniel Moir, known as Rob Moir, is a Canadian songwriter, guitarist, poet, and singer. Moir was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. Moir began writing and performing music in his early teens. His first band The Stiffs began playing shows in 1995. After renaming themselves Dead Letter Dept., the band released their debut full length \"\"Rock'n'Roll Hates You\"\" in 2005 and participated in Underground Operations' Unity Tour. Following the break up of Dead Letter Dept., Moir began touring and writing personal, acoustic based songs. In December 2010, he independently released his first solo EP entitled \"\"This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17706716", "chunk_text": "\"Alberto Testa (lyricist)\"\nAlberto Testa (lyricist) Alberto Testa (11 April 1927 - 19 October 2009) was an Italian composer, lyricist, singer, and writer for television. Born at Santos, in Brasil, he was known primarily for his work as a lyricist. His words were set by such songwriters as Tony Renis (such as \"\"Quando, quando, quando\"\" and \"\"Grande grande grande\"\") and Memo Remigi. Shirley Bassey and Mina are among the singers who performed his songs. He also wrote songs for such artists as Luciano Pavarotti, Andrea Bocelli, and Celine Dion (such as \"\"The Prayer\"\" and \"\"I Hate You Then I Love You\"\"). He died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19943406", "chunk_text": "\"I Hate Boys\"\nyou need to know about Christina Aguilera: The first is that, as far as her singing goes, she's a professionally trained animal. And the other is that she knows exactly, absolutely what she wants.\"\" After \"\"Not Myself Tonight\"\", the song was released as the second single of the album in Australia and New Zealand. A digital single was released on the iTunes Store on September 3, 2010. \"\"I Hate Boys\"\" was written by Aguilera, Jamal Jones, Ester Dean, William Tyler, Bill Wellings and J. J. Hunter, while production was handled by William Tyler & Polow da Don. Don has worked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_719	what is loihi and where does it originate from?	n/a	[ "from the Hawaii hotspot" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12745625", "chunk_text": "\"Loi (surname)\"\na surname found in Manipur, India, from the word \"\"loi\"\" meaning \"\"outcast\"\" in the Meitei language. As an Italian surname, Loi appears to have originated as a shortened form of some given name, possibly the Sardinian Balloe, or the Sicilian Aloi (the local form of the name ). Loi may also be a Greek surname. In Italy, 2,716 families bore the surname Loi, with 2,061 (76%) located in Sardinia, but only 10 (0.5%) located in Sicily. According to statistics cited by Patrick Hanks, there were 282 people on the island of Great Britain and one on the island of Ireland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12894721", "chunk_text": "Lohri\nof sugar!<br> The girl is wearing a red suit!<br> But her shawl is torn!<br> Who will stitch her shawl?!<br> The uncle made choori!<br> The landlords looted it!<br> Landlords are beaten up!<br> Lots of simple-headed boys came!<br> One simpleton got left behind!<br> The soldier arrested him!<br> The soldier hit him with a brick!<br> (Cry or howl)!<br> Give us Lohri, long live your pair (to a married couple)!<br> Whether you cry, or bang your head later! <br> Some people believe that Lohri has derived its name from Loi, the wife of Saint Kabir. There is a legend amongst some people that Lohri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8161788", "chunk_text": "\"Loígis\"\nLoígis Loígis is the name of an Irish tribe, as it is called by contemporary scholars. Formerly, scholars generally called the tribe Laoighis or Laeighis in Irish, while they Anglicized the name as Leix (Latinized: Lagisia). Loígis is also the name of the territory in western Leinster that the tribe settled during the third century AD, and of the minor kingdom that the Loígis chieftains ruled until 1608. County Laois derives its named from Loígis, although the present county encompasses baronies that were not traditionally part of the territory of Loígis. The name Loígis stems from the name of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11568126", "chunk_text": "\"Loi (surname)\"\nLoi (surname) Loi is a surname. It has various origins, including as a spelling of three Chinese surnames (), an Italian surname from Sardinia or Sicily, and a surname in India from the word \"\"loi\"\" meaning \"\"outcast\"\" in the Meitei language. Loi may be the spelling of three Chinese surnames, based on their pronunciation in different varieties of Chinese; they are listed below by their spelling in Hanyu Pinyin, which reflects the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation: The Chinese surname meaning \"\"lightning\"\" is spelled in Vietnamese as Lôi (, that being the Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of the original Chinese character). Loi is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12745626", "chunk_text": "\"Loi (surname)\"\nwith the surname Loi as of 2011. There was one person with the surname Loi on the island of Great Britain in 1881. The 2010 United States Census found 1,357 people with the surname Loi, making it the 19,814th-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 985 (23,922nd-most-common) in the 2000 Census. In both censuses, slightly fewer than nine-tenths of the bearers of the surname identified as Asian, and between six and eight per cent as White. It was the 1,056th-most-common surname among respondents to the 2000 Census who identified as Asian. Loi (surname) Loi is a surname.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12345543", "chunk_text": "\"Poi (food)\"\nPoi (food) Poi is primarily the traditional staple food in native cuisine of Hawaii, made from the underground plant stem or corm of the taro plant (known in Hawaiian as ). Traditional poi is produced by mashing the cooked corm (baked or steamed) on a wooden pounding board, \"\"papa ku‘i ‘ai\"\", with a \"\"pōhaku ku‘i ‘ai\"\", carved basalt pestle. Modern methods use an industrial food processor to produce large quantities for retail distribution. Freshly pounded taro without the addition of water is \"\"pa‘i ‘ai\"\" and is highly starchy and dough-like. Water is added to the \"\"pa‘i ‘ai\"\" during mashing and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12345549", "chunk_text": "\"Poi (food)\"\nbabies. It contains no gluten, and as such is safe for ingestion by people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Poi (food) Poi is primarily the traditional staple food in native cuisine of Hawaii, made from the underground plant stem or corm of the taro plant (known in Hawaiian as ). Traditional poi is produced by mashing the cooked corm (baked or steamed) on a wooden pounding board, \"\"papa ku‘i ‘ai\"\", with a \"\"pōhaku ku‘i ‘ai\"\", carved basalt pestle. Modern methods use an industrial food processor to produce large quantities for retail distribution. Freshly pounded taro without the addition of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4074130", "chunk_text": "\"Lei (surname)\"\nof the Indian-Canadian community. 雷 is the Chinese character for \"\"thunder\"\". In Old Chinese, its pronunciation has been reconstructed as \"\"*C.rˤuj\"\"; and in Middle Chinese, as \"\"Lwoj\"\". Lei (surname) Lei is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (\"\"Léi\"\"). Additionally, the very common Chinese surname Li () is sometimes romanized as \"\"Lei\"\", particularly among the Macanese. 雷 is also romanized as Lui in Hokkien and Teochew, Lui, Looi, or Loi in Cantonese; Louie or Louis in Taishanese; Lūi in Gan. It is rendered as Lôi in Vietnamese; Roe () or Noe () in Korean; and Rai in Japanese. 雷 is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11692410", "chunk_text": "Luipa\nLuipa Luipa or Luipada (, c. 10th century) was a mahasiddha or siddhacharya from Northeast India. He was a poet and writer of a number of Buddhist texts. Although the Tibetan translation for \"\"Lui\"\" is \"\"the fish-gut eater\"\" (), the root of the word is probably Sanskrit \"\"lohita\"\" which means \"\"red\"\" and the names like Luidhar, Luichandra and Luiya mentioned in the \"\"Dharmamangal\"\"s of the late medieval period originated from the same root. Ayyappapanicker & Akademi (1997: p. 599) amplify the view of prior scholarship in that the nomenclature \"\"Luipa\"\" is related to the Brahmaputra River: Luipa appears in \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2838683", "chunk_text": "Zhuihu\nZhuihu The zhuihu (坠胡, pinyin: zhùihú; also called zhuiqin or zhuizixian) is a two-stringed bowed string instrument from China. In construction, it resembles the \"\"sanxian\"\", and likely evolved as a bowed version of that musical instrument. Unlike bowed string instruments in the huqin family (such as the \"\"erhu\"\"), the \"\"zhuihu\"\" has a fretless fingerboard against which the strings are pressed while playing. The \"\"zhuihu\"\" is used to accompany a form of traditional narrative singing referred to as \"\"zhuizi\"\", which originated in the Henan province of China. A more modern version of the \"\"zhuihu\"\" called the \"\"leiqin\"\" was developed in China", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12051164", "chunk_text": "\"Poi (performance art)\"\nthe fingertips to the wrist; and long, with strings equal to the distance from fingertips to shoulder. A performance includes storytelling and singing in conjunction with choreographed poi routines and is often presented alongside other disciplines, such as \"\"waiata a ringa\"\", haka and \"\"titi torea\"\" (included in kapa haka performances). Poi feature in the 1980s hit song \"\"Poi E\"\". Originally, poi were most commonly made from harakeke (New Zealand flax, \"\"Phormium tenax\"\") and raupō (\"\"Typha orientalis\"\"). Makers stripped and scraped flax to provide the muka (inner flax fibre), which was twisted into two strands to make the taura (cord) as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "502169", "chunk_text": "\"Poi (food)\"\nHawaiians, who believed that the taro plant, or \"\"kalo\"\", was the original ancestor of the Hawaiian people. Poi was considered such an important and sacred aspect of daily Hawaiian life that it was believed that the spirit of Hāloa, the legendary ancestor of the Hawaiian people, was present when a bowl of poi was uncovered for consumption at the family dinner table. Accordingly, all conflict among family members was required to come to an immediate halt. Although many of the world's people consume taro, only Hawaiians make poi. Hawaiians traditionally cook the starchy, potato-like heart of the taro root for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4737721", "chunk_text": "\"Poi (performance art)\"\nPoi (performance art) Poi refers to both a style of performing art and the equipment used for engaging in poi performance. As a performance art, poi involves swinging tethered weights through a variety of rhythmical and geometric patterns. Poi artists may also sing or dance while swinging their poi. Poi can be made from various materials with different handles, weights, and effects (such as fire). Poi originated with the Māori people of New Zealand, where it is still practiced today. Poi has also gained a following in many other countries. The expansion of poi culture has led to a significant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8830284", "chunk_text": "\"Lei (surname)\"\nLei (surname) Lei is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname (\"\"Léi\"\"). Additionally, the very common Chinese surname Li () is sometimes romanized as \"\"Lei\"\", particularly among the Macanese. 雷 is also romanized as Lui in Hokkien and Teochew, Lui, Looi, or Loi in Cantonese; Louie or Louis in Taishanese; Lūi in Gan. It is rendered as Lôi in Vietnamese; Roe () or Noe () in Korean; and Rai in Japanese. 雷 is the 79th-most-common surname in mainland China but not included among the 100 most common surnames on Taiwan. In the United States, Lei is an uncommon surname, ranking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3328878", "chunk_text": "Elahi\nis a confused rendering into Greek lettering of the text of Psalm 22:2, which reads in Hebrew \"\"eli eli lama azabtani\"\" and in Aramaic \"\"elahi elahi lema sebaqtani\"\".\"\" Deemed a heresy or blasphemous by Israelites, the name Elahi would never be taken on as a personal name by adherents of the Jewish tradition. However, the personal name has been gradually popularized within Persian and Indo-Aryan cultural traditions. The name has appeared in Kurdish, Azeri, and Persian languages. With the arrival of Islam in the Subcontinent, the name migrated into South Asia adding to the etymological progression of the word. Islam,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15664158", "chunk_text": "\"Lomi-lomi salmon\"\nsalmon is done by massaging the salted fish with other ingredients by hand (\"\"lomi-lomi\"\" is Hawaiian for \"\"to massage\"\"). Lomi-lomi salmon is a traditional side dish served at Hawaiian lū‘aus. It is said to complement traditional Hawaiian food consisting of raw diced ahi tuna, poke, kalua pig, laulau, and poi. Lomi-lomi salmon is a classic and integral part of most Hawaiian parties and gatherings, such as traditional luaus, and can be considered a Hawaiian ethnic food. Lomi-lomi salmon Lomi salmon (more commonly known as lomi-lomi salmon) is a side dish in Hawaiian cuisine. It is a fresh tomato and salmon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13540371", "chunk_text": "\"Hao Kuih\"\nHao Kuih Hao Kuih (Teochew dialect pronunciation) is a special snack originating in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China. It is known for its shape and flavor. First appearing in Chaoyang District in Shantou, Hao Kuih is generally not well known beyond the Chaoshan community. Gods worship has a long history in Chanshan area. Unlike other superstitious activities, Chanshan natives more express their wishes for a better life. They make Kuih by themselves for pleasing their gods in their worship traditions. Usually Chaoshan women will use rice flour, sweet potato flour and other materials to make snacks. In Chaoshan, this kind of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5408809", "chunk_text": "\"Koi (dish)\"\nKoi (dish) Koi (; , ) is a \"\"salad\"\" dish of the Lao people of Laos and Isan consisting of raw meat denatured by acidity, usually from lime juice. Common varieties include koi kung (), with shrimp as the main ingredient, and koi paa ()/koi pla (), which consists of minced or finely chopped raw fish in spicy salad dressing. Koi can be a source of parasitic diseases. Koi made with raw fish is a popular dish in Laos and Isaan and a common source of infection with the Southeast Asian liver fluke \"\"Opisthorchis viverrini\"\". Koi pla eaten in north-east", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6916222", "chunk_text": "Yusheng\nword for \"\"fish\"\" ( \"\"yú\"\"). All diners at the table then stand up and proceed to toss the shredded ingredients into the air with chopsticks while saying various \"\"auspicious wishes\"\" out loud, or simply \"\"lo hei, lo hei\"\" ( pinyin: \"\"lāoqǐ, lāoqǐ\"\" meaning \"\"scoop it up, scoop it up\"\"). It is believed that the height of the toss reflects the height of the diners' growth in fortunes, thus diners are expected to toss enthusiastically. Yusheng Yusheng, yee sang or yuu sahng (), or Prosperity Toss, also known as lo hei (Cantonese for 撈起 or 捞起) is a Cantonese-style raw fish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9780929", "chunk_text": "\"Lodhi (caste)\"\nLodhi (caste) The Lodhi (or Lodha, Lodh) is a community of agriculturalists, found in India. There are many in Madhya Pradesh, to where they had emigrated from Uttar Pradesh. The Lodhi are categorised as an Other Backward Class but claim Rajput ties and prefer to be known as \"\"Lodhi-Rajput\"\", although they have no account of their Rajput origin or prevailing Rajput traditions. Robert Vane Russell, an administrator of the British Raj, described several possible etymologies for \"\"Lodhi\"\", including derivation from \"\"lod\"\" (\"\"clod\"\"), or \"\"lodh\"\", a tree whose bark the Lodhi of Northern India gather to make dye. Russell also stated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2663684", "chunk_text": "Luchi\nLuchi Luchi (, \"\"lusi\"\", ) is a deep-fried flatbread, originating from the Indian subcontinent, made of wheat flour that is typical of Bengali, Assamese, Maithili and Oriya cuisine. In Bengali cuisine (Bangladesh & West Bengal), luchi is made of plain flour (not wheat flour) and looks completely white. In order to make \"\"luchis\"\", a dough is prepared by mixing fine maida flour with water and a spoonful of ghee, which is then divided into small balls. These balls are flattened using a rolling pin and individually deep-fried in cooking oil or ghee. A typical luchi will measure 4-5 inches in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3620621", "chunk_text": "Luakini\nknown or reputed \"\"luakini heiaus\"\": Kauai Oahu: Maui: Big Island of Hawaii: Luakini In ancient Hawaii, a luakini temple, or luakini \"\"heiau\"\", was a Native Hawaiian sacred place where human and animal blood sacrifices were offered. In Hawaiian tradition, \"\"luakini heiaus\"\" were first established by Paʻao, a legendary priest credited with establishing many of the rites and symbols typical of the stratified high chieftainships of the immediate pre-European-contact period. Modern archaeologists no longer believe in a historic Pa'ao, but many Native Hawaiians still believe that he was a historical figure, and often vilify him for introducing what they now see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13264781", "chunk_text": "\"Koi (dish)\"\njust 10 percent globally. Liver infection is also caused by the rat lungworm \"\"Angiostrongylus cantonensis\"\". Koi (dish) Koi (; , ) is a \"\"salad\"\" dish of the Lao people of Laos and Isan consisting of raw meat denatured by acidity, usually from lime juice. Common varieties include koi kung (), with shrimp as the main ingredient, and koi paa ()/koi pla (), which consists of minced or finely chopped raw fish in spicy salad dressing. Koi can be a source of parasitic diseases. Koi made with raw fish is a popular dish in Laos and Isaan and a common source", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13572805", "chunk_text": "\"Lo mein\"\nor \"\"to scoop out of water\"\" in Mandarin, in which case it would be pronounced as \"\"laau4\"\" or \"\"lou4\"\" in Cantonese (\"\"lāo\"\" in Mandarin). In Mandarin, the dish is called \"\"lāo miàn\"\". In its country of origin, it is made of thin flour and egg noodles which are notable for their elastic texture. In American Chinese restaurants, lo mein is a popular take-out food and is sometimes considered synonymous with chow mein. The dish is distinct from both Cantonese lo mein and Cantonese crispy chow mein. Cantonese lo mein is stirred with a thin sauce and items such as wonton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10311343", "chunk_text": "\"Lo mai chi\"\nLo mai chi Lo mai chi, known in Mandarin as nuomici, is a type of Chinese pastry. It is one of the most standard pastries in Hong Kong. It can also be found in most Chinatown bakery shops overseas. It is also referred to as glutinous rice dumpling. Today there are many different modern variations such as green tea flavor, mango flavor, etc. The glutinous rice ball can be dusted with dried coconut on the outside. The outer layer is made of a rice flour dough and the inside is typically filled with a sweet filling. The most common fillings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11413718", "chunk_text": "\"Lobi people\"\nofferings--via sacrifice-- in exchange for a wide range of protective and benevolent actions. They are intermediaries with Thangba Yu, the remote Creator God. The name Lobi originates from two Lobiri words: \"\"lou\"\" (forest) and \"\"bi\"\" (children), meaning literally, \"\"children of the forest\"\" who settled initially on the left bank of the Mouhoun River or the Black Volta dividing Burkina Faso and Ghana. The Mouhoun River is important to Lobi peoples for many reasons. In terms of migration history, it marks an escape from slave raiders in present day Ghana. In myth, it symbolizes a dividing line between this world and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6369342", "chunk_text": "Loiyangalani\nthe film of the same title. In 2010, Loiyangalani was briefly made a district on its own from the former Laisamis district by the President of Kenya, Mwai Kibaki. Loiyangalani Loiyangalani is a small town located on the southeastern coast of Lake Turkana in Kenya. The town has 1000 inhabitants (1999 census). Loiyangalani means \"\"a place of many trees\"\" in the native Samburu tongue. It is home to Turkana people and was founded near a freshwater spring in the 1960s where the El Molo people live. Its main industries include fishing, tourism and gold panning. It is a popular tourist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2838684", "chunk_text": "Zhuihu\nin the 20th century. Another related instrument is the Japanese \"\"kokyū\"\". Zhuihu The zhuihu (坠胡, pinyin: zhùihú; also called zhuiqin or zhuizixian) is a two-stringed bowed string instrument from China. In construction, it resembles the \"\"sanxian\"\", and likely evolved as a bowed version of that musical instrument. Unlike bowed string instruments in the huqin family (such as the \"\"erhu\"\"), the \"\"zhuihu\"\" has a fretless fingerboard against which the strings are pressed while playing. The \"\"zhuihu\"\" is used to accompany a form of traditional narrative singing referred to as \"\"zhuizi\"\", which originated in the Henan province of China. A more modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13540374", "chunk_text": "\"Hao Kuih\"\nwhich means that people used limulus's olive-colored eggs to make sauce. Both of them gave evidence that limulus sauce has been for a long history. Hao( Teochew dialect pronunciation) is limulus. Limulus is an ancient animal which has existed for a history and is called the “living fossil”. Therefore, the preservation of limulus is to protect species diversity. So far, Limulus in Chaoshan area has been under the protection since it was listed as the second category in endangered species. In old days, Chaoshan people caught limulus and cooked them to make sauce, which is like caviar in western countries.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18209951", "chunk_text": "Lodoicea\ncan be found on the sea surface, thus explaining why the trees are limited in range to just two islands. \"\"Lodoicea\"\" inhabit rainforests where there are deep, well-drained soils and open exposed slopes; although growth is reduced on such eroded soils. Formerly \"\"Lodoicea\"\" was known as Maldive coconut. Its scientific name, \"\"Lodoicea maldivica\"\", originated before the 18th century when the Seychelles were uninhabited. In centuries past the coconuts that fell from the trees and ended up in the sea would be carried away eastwards by the prevailing sea currents. The nuts can only float after the germination process, when they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8161790", "chunk_text": "\"Loígis\"\nfigurative meaning of 'favorite or darling', while \"\"\"\" means 'more than; above or beyond'. Before migrating to Leinster, the Loígis belonged to the northeastern Irish Dál nAraidi, a confederation of tribes that claimed descent from the eponymous ancestor Fiachu Araide (Fachtna Araide). The Dál nAraidi were part of the Cruthin, a people whose name is considered to be related etymologically to that of the Picts, although current scholarship questions whether there was any cultural or linguistic relationship between the Irish Cruthin and Scottish Picts. The Loígis tribe received their territory from the king of Leinster in reward for contributing troops", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6047988", "chunk_text": "\"Al Luḩayyah\"\nAl Luḩayyah Al Luḩayyah (also known as Luhayyah, Loheia, Luhaiyah, or Loheiya) is a town on the Tihamah coastal plain, Yemen. It is located at around . The port lies 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Al Luḩayyah, partially protected by the offshore island of Al-Urmak. According to local tradition the town was founded at the dawn of the 15th century by a holy man, Sheikh Ali az-Zayla'i, a member of the Zayla'i family from the famed town of Zeila in Somalia. The interest in the local saint (who is buried in the local mosque) quickly attracted new settlers, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9657949", "chunk_text": "Luau\nthe drums. There are also dancers. Luau A luau () is a traditional Hawaiian party or feast that is usually accompanied by entertainment. It may feature food such as poi, Kalua pig, poke, lomi salmon, opihi, haupia and beer, and entertainment such as traditional Hawaiian music and hula. Among people from Hawaiʻi, the concepts of \"\"luau\"\" and \"\"party\"\" are often blended, resulting in graduation luau, wedding luau and birthday luau. In ancient Hawaiʻi, men and women ate their meals separately; also women and the rest of society were not allowed to eat foods that were not common or foods that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18209941", "chunk_text": "Lodoicea\nLodoicea Lodoicea, commonly known as the sea coconut, coco de mer, or double coconut, is a monotypic genus in the palm family. The sole species, Lodoicea maldivica, is endemic to the islands of Praslin and Curieuse in the Seychelles. It formerly also was found on the small islets of St Pierre, Chauve-Souris and Ile Ronde (Round Island), all located near Praslin, but had become extinct there for a time until recently reintroduced. The name of the genus, \"\"Lodoicea\"\", is derived from \"\"Lodoicus\"\", the Latinised form of \"\"Louis\"\", in honour of King Louis XV of France. Other source say thet Lodoicea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6822736", "chunk_text": "Kakazai\nKakazai The Kakazai (, Urdu, ), also known as Loi or Loye Mamund (; ), a division of the Mamund clan, are part of the larger Tarkani () tribe who are primarily settled in Bajaur Agency, Pakistan, but originally hailed from the Laghman province of Afghanistan. However, it has grown and scattered around to such an extent that it is recognized as tribe of its own. The name \"\"Kakazai\"\" means \"\"descendants/offspring/children of \"\"Kakae\"\" or \"\"Kaka\"\"\"\" (in Pashto, \"\"Kaka\"\" or \"\"Kakae\"\" = a contemporary Afghan name for a male. It is also used for Paternal Uncle. \"\"Zai\"\" = \"\"descendants/offspring/children of\"\", a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10311344", "chunk_text": "\"Lo mai chi\"\nare sugar with coconut and crumbled peanuts, red bean paste, and black sesame seed paste. Lo mai chi Lo mai chi, known in Mandarin as nuomici, is a type of Chinese pastry. It is one of the most standard pastries in Hong Kong. It can also be found in most Chinatown bakery shops overseas. It is also referred to as glutinous rice dumpling. Today there are many different modern variations such as green tea flavor, mango flavor, etc. The glutinous rice ball can be dusted with dried coconut on the outside. The outer layer is made of a rice flour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20111256", "chunk_text": "\"Loikop people\"\nLoikop society Other traditions, likely deriving from the Southern Nilotic heritage of Loikop society, point to Sulai/Solai near Nakuru as their point of origin. From Solai, the Loikop moved to Kamunotio near Lake Baringo and later to regions north of the lake. The Loikop met two groups of people who lived different and distinct ways of life as they occupied what would become their lands. Herders: Living along Mount Kenya's lower slope and northeast into the adjacent Tigania plains, a community that spoke an Eastern Cushitic language and kept cattle. Hunters: Living next to and among the pastoralists were a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1904133", "chunk_text": "Luakini\nLuakini In ancient Hawaii, a luakini temple, or luakini \"\"heiau\"\", was a Native Hawaiian sacred place where human and animal blood sacrifices were offered. In Hawaiian tradition, \"\"luakini heiaus\"\" were first established by Paʻao, a legendary priest credited with establishing many of the rites and symbols typical of the stratified high chieftainships of the immediate pre-European-contact period. Modern archaeologists no longer believe in a historic Pa'ao, but many Native Hawaiians still believe that he was a historical figure, and often vilify him for introducing what they now see as the bloody, barbarous rites of the \"\"luakini heiau\"\". List of currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18221186", "chunk_text": "\"Loïc\"\nLoïc Loïc is a male personal forename chiefly used in France and French-speaking countries. There is some disagreement about the origin of the name. A commonly held view in France (especially amongst non-Breton speaking Bretons) is that it is the Breton form of the name Louis. However, Breton speakers point out that \"\"ic\"\" is a diminutive, thus \"\"Little Lo\"\" makes no sense in the Breton language. A more informed origin is that it actually is \"\"the old Provençal form of Louis\"\", in which case it means \"\"\"\"Famed Warrior\"\"\"\". A second, less well accepted explanation of the origin of the name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13995725", "chunk_text": "\"Poumai Naga\"\nthe utensil items made by them are the \"\"tooly\"\" (rice pot), \"\"vuly\"\" (curry pot), \"\"naikhaoti\"\" (curry bowl), \"\"khouli\"\" (pitcher), \"\"duki\"\" (oar) and \"\"ngaki\"\", (a big jar for fermenting rice beer). Important rivers like Vourei ( Barak), Ngarei ( Laini) and Phaomai Sorei (Iril) originate from hill range and provides water to all the regions of Poumai. Poumai Naga The Poumai \"\"Naga\"\" is a community predominantly inhabiting the Senapati District of Manipur, though there are villages that fall in the Nagaland state, situated in the northeastern part of India. Poumai is one of the Naga tribes. Poumai Nagas are spread out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6369340", "chunk_text": "Loiyangalani\nLoiyangalani Loiyangalani is a small town located on the southeastern coast of Lake Turkana in Kenya. The town has 1000 inhabitants (1999 census). Loiyangalani means \"\"a place of many trees\"\" in the native Samburu tongue. It is home to Turkana people and was founded near a freshwater spring in the 1960s where the El Molo people live. Its main industries include fishing, tourism and gold panning. It is a popular tourist destination in Northern Kenya, as the surrounding El Molo and Turkana villages offer unique (although somewhat commercialized) experiences. In June 2008, the 1st Cultural Festival took place at Loiyangalani", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16423829", "chunk_text": "\"Lilu (ancient China)\"\nLilu (ancient China) Lilu () was a legendary tribe or state of ancient China. According to legends recorded in the third-century text \"\"Records of Emperors and Kings\"\" (帝王世纪) by Huangfu Mi, goddess Nüwa enfeoffed thirteen tribes or states, all having the Feng (风) surname. Lilu was ranked the fourth among the thirteen. Lilu is also mentioned in many other ancient texts including \"\"Zhuangzi\"\", and \"\"Dengzi\"\" by Deng Xi. Professor Li Yujie of Henan University believes that Lilu was likely the first people in China to cultivate chestnuts (The \"\"li\"\" in Lilu means chestnut). The Li (栗) surname is believed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8494677", "chunk_text": "\"Lomi-lomi salmon\"\nLomi-lomi salmon Lomi salmon (more commonly known as lomi-lomi salmon) is a side dish in Hawaiian cuisine. It is a fresh tomato and salmon salad, and was introduced to Hawaiians by early Western sailors. It is typically prepared by mixing raw salted, diced salmon with tomatoes, sweet gentle Maui onions (or sometimes green onion), and occasionally flakes of hot red chili pepper, or crushed ice. It is always served cold. Other variations include salmon, diced tomato, diced cucumber, and chopped sweet onion. The name \"\"lomi-lomi salmon\"\" is taken from the method of preparation. The shredding (dicing) and mixing of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14059279", "chunk_text": "\"Lobi people\"\nthe dry season. Domestic animals have their own space, and water is gathered from a well or the river. The rooms inside a Lobi house are very dark, and the size varies in relation to function. Each wife has a room for herself and her children where meals are prepared. Large earthenware jars used to hold water or other personal belongings are often stacked up against the kitchen walls and are a testament to the owner's economic status. Lobi people The Lobi belong to an ethnic group that originated in what is today Ghana. Starting around 1770, many Lobi peoples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5953837", "chunk_text": "\"Zi pai\"\nZi pai Zi Pai (), are Chinese playing cards that are popular mainly in the southern part of Mainland China, especially in Hunan and Sichuan. It is also known as \"\"Pao Fu Zi\"\" or \"\"Pao Hu Zhi\"\" () in different dialects. These cards originated from Leshan, Sichuan during the middle of the Qing dynasty and then spread outwards to other parts of southern China. The special deck has two series of cards numbered from one to ten. One series of cards features numbers written in an \"\"ordinary\"\" style (), while the other series of cards has numbers written in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543512", "chunk_text": "\"Lohi sheep\"\nLohi sheep The Lohi sheep is found in southern Punjab in India. It is used for its carpet quality wool and meat production. The body is white and the head is usually tan, black or brown. The mature weight of the males is 65 kg (143 lb) with the female at 45 kg (99 lb). The average annual wool clip is 3 kg (6 lb) of medium wool this is approximately 40 micrometres in diameter. Average daily milk production from the Lohi ewes is 1.2 liters (0.3 gallons). The very large lop ears, which are usually also tasseled, are the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18209952", "chunk_text": "Lodoicea\nare hollow. In this way many drifted to the Maldives where they were gathered from the beaches and valued as an important trade and medicinal item. This association is reflected in one of the plant's archaic botanical names, \"\"Lodoicea callipyge\"\" Comm. ex J. St.-Hil., in which \"\"callipyge\"\" is from Greek words meaning 'beautiful buttocks'. Other botanical names used in the past include \"\"Lodoicea sechellarum\"\" Labill. and \"\"Lodoicea sonneratii\"\" (Giseke) Baill. Until the true source of the nut was discovered in 1768 by Dufresne, it was believed by many to grow on a mythical tree at the bottom of the sea.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18270936", "chunk_text": "Muchi\nstates that a man who moved from Shuri city to Osato city was attacking humans and animals and became a demon known as an \"\"oni\"\". His younger sister was sorrowful and put iron nails in Muchi, which the man loved and fed. Then, she pushed away the brother, who was weakened, to the sea and killed him. From this Okinawan tale, it is also called “Onimochi” because Muchi was used to exterminate the oni. Muchi , also known as , is a type of soft confectionery made of pounded glutinous rice and eaten in Okinawa Prefecture. Muchi is the Okinawan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2433373", "chunk_text": "\"Kuamo'o Mo'okini\"\nKuamo'o Mo'okini Kuamoo Mookini (ca. 1100-1200) was a priest who made Hawaii's first heiau, Mo'okini Heiau, in the Big Island of Hawaii, United States, as a person who actually existed or was only in the legend. According to the oral tradition of genealogy of the kahuna (priest) at Mookini Heiau, located in the northwestern corner of the Island of Hawaii, this heiau was established by Kuamoo Mookini in the year 480. \"\"Kuamo'o\"\" in Hawaiian means \"\"spine\"\" or \"\"road\"\", \"\"Mo'o\"\" \"\"genealogy\"\", and \"\"Kini\"\" \"\"many\"\"; therefore \"\"Mo'okini\"\" may mean \"\"Long genealogy\"\". He was not from the Marquesas Islands, like many others who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1482931", "chunk_text": "\"Loy (spade)\"\nLoy (spade) A loy is an early Irish spade with a long heavy handle made of ash, a narrow steel plate on the face and a single footrest. The word loy comes from the Irish word \"\"láí\"\", which means spade. It was used for manual ploughing prior to and during the Irish Potato Famine. The loy is a narrow spade with a blade about 14 inches long by 3 inches wide and bent with a handle 5 to 6 feet long. The handle is normally made of ash. The blade has a single step for use with the right or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_720	who rebuilt the temple after the babylonian captivity?	n/a	[ "Herod" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18255776", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\ndeportation occurred in Nebuchadnezzar's twenty-third year. The dates, numbers of deportations, and numbers of deportees given in the biblical accounts vary. These deportations are dated to 597 BCE for the first, with others dated at 587/586 BCE, and 582/581 BCE respectively. After the fall of Babylon to the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE, exiled Judeans were permitted to return to Judah. According to the biblical book of Ezra, construction of the second temple in Jerusalem began around 537 BCE. All these events are considered significant in Jewish history and culture, and had a far-reaching impact on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7013547", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\ncalled Yehud, putting an end to the independent Kingdom of Judah. (Because of the missing years in the Jewish calendar, rabbinic sources place the date of the destruction of the First Temple at 3338 HC (423 BCE) or 3358 HC (403 BCE)). The first governor appointed by Babylon was Gedaliah, a native Judahite; he encouraged the many Jews who had fled to surrounding countries such as Moab, Ammon and Edom to return, and he took steps to return the country to prosperity. Some time later, a surviving member of the royal family assassinated Gedaliah and his Babylonian advisors, prompting many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7013546", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\nin Babylon continued to consider Jeconiah as their Exilarch, or rightful ruler. Despite warnings by Jeremiah and others of the pro-Babylonian party, Zedekiah revolted against Babylon and entered into an alliance with Pharaoh Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar returned, defeated the Egyptians, and again besieged Jerusalem, resulting in the city's destruction in 587 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the city wall and the Temple, together with the houses of the most important citizens. Zedekiah and his sons were captured, the sons were executed in front of Zedekiah, who was then blinded and taken to Babylon with many others (Jer 52:10–11). Judah became a Babylonian province,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493364", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nthe rebuilding of the Temple possible. According to the closing verses of the second book of Chronicles and the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, when the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem following a decree from Cyrus the Great (, ), construction started at the original site of Solomon's Temple. After a relatively brief halt due to opposition from peoples who had filled the vacuum during the Jewish captivity (), work resumed c. 521 BCE under Darius I () and was completed during the sixth year of his reign (c. 516 BCE), with the temple dedication taking place the following year.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18218176", "chunk_text": "\"Solomon's Temple\"\nSolomon's Temple According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was the Holy Temple (: \"\"Beit HaMikdash\"\") in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE. The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon, king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant. Jewish historian Josephus says", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18255775", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\nBabylonian captivity The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile is the period in Jewish history during which a number of people from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylonia. After the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BCE, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon besieged Jerusalem, resulting in tribute being paid by King Jehoiakim. Jehoiakim refused to pay tribute in Nebuchadnezzar's fourth year, which led to another siege in Nebuchadnezzar's seventh year, culminating with the death of Jehoiakim and the exile of King Jeconiah, his court and many others; Jeconiah's successor Zedekiah and others were exiled in Nebuchadnezzar's eighteenth year; a later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7013545", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\nof Egypt and Babylon. After Nebuchadnezzar was defeated in battle in 601 BCE by Egypt, Judah revolted against Babylon, culminating in a three-month siege of Jerusalem beginning in late 598 BCE. Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, died during the siege and was succeeded by his son Jehoiachin (also called Jeconiah) at the age of eighteen. The city fell on 2 Adar (March 16) 597 BCE, and Nebuchadnezzar pillaged Jerusalem and its Temple and took Jeconiah, his court and other prominent citizens (including the prophet Ezekiel) back to Babylon. Jehoiakim's uncle Zedekiah was appointed king in his place, but the exiles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18783829", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple Judaism\"\n(the \"\"Babylonian exile\"\"). In 539 BCE Babylon itself fell to the Persian conqueror Cyrus, and in 538 BCE the exiles were permitted to return to Yehud medinata, as the Persian province of Judah was known. The Temple is commonly said to have been rebuilt in the period 520–515 BCE, but it seems probable that this is an artificial date chosen so that 70 years could be said to have passed between the destruction and the rebuilding, fulfilling a prophecy of Jeremiah. The end of the Persian period is conventionally dated from Alexander the Great's conquest of the Mediterranean coast in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283137", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nof Egypt. Although efforts were made at partial reconstruction, it was only in 835 BCE when Jehoash, King of Judah, in the second year of his reign invested considerable sums in reconstruction, only to have it stripped again for Sennacherib, King of Assyria c. 700 BCE. The First Temple was totally destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, when they sacked the city. According to the Book of Ezra, construction of the Second Temple was authorized by Cyrus the Great and began in 538 BCE, after the fall of the Babylonian Empire the year before. It was completed 23 years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16872167", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\none of a number of metaphors for the Jewish diaspora. Most frequently the term \"\"Babylon\"\" meant the diaspora prior to the destruction of the Second Temple. The post-destruction term for the Jewish Diaspora was \"\"Rome\"\", or \"\"Edom\"\". The following table is based on Rainer Albertz's work on \"\"Israel in exile\"\". (Alternative dates are possible.) Babylonian captivity The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile is the period in Jewish history during which a number of people from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylonia. After the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BCE, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon besieged Jerusalem, resulting in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10634278", "chunk_text": "Yahweh\nother deities aside from Yahweh even existed, thus marking the transition from monolatrism to true monotheism. In 539 BCE Babylon itself fell to the Persian conqueror Cyrus, and in 538 BCE the exiles were permitted to return to Yehud medinata, as the Persian province of Judah was known. The Temple is commonly said to have been rebuilt in the period 520–515 BCE, but it seems probable that this is an artificial date chosen so that 70 years could be said to have passed between the destruction and the rebuilding, fulfilling a prophecy of Jeremiah. In recent decades, it has become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7013549", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\nthe Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple) and their construction of the Second Temple in the period 521–516 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar's siege of Jerusalem, his capture of King Jeconiah, his appointment of Zedekiah in his place, and the plundering of the city in 597 BCE are corroborated by a passage in the Babylonian Chronicles:In the seventh year, in the month of Kislev, the king of Akkad mustered his troops, marched to the Hatti-land, and encamped against the City of Judah and on the ninth day of the month of Adar he seized the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493362", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nSecond Temple The Second Temple (, \"\"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\"\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon. The Second Temple was originally a rather modest structure constructed by a number of Jewish exile groups returning to the Levant from Babylon under the Achaemenid-appointed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9594560", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple period\"\nof the Jews by the Roman Senate, and the establishment of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea comprising parts of what today are Israel, Palestinian Authority, Gaza Strip, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Construction of the Second Temple was completed under the leadership of the last three Jewish Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi with Persian approval and financing. Based on the biblical account, after the return from Babylonian captivity under Zerubbabel, arrangements were almost immediately made to reorganize the desolated Yehud Province after the demise of the Kingdom of Judah seventy years earlier. The body of pilgrims, forming a band of 42,360,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493369", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nSamaritans sought to \"\"frustrate their purpose\"\" and sent messengers to Ecbatana and Susa, with the result that the work was suspended. Seven years later, Cyrus the Great, who allowed the Jews to return to their homeland and rebuild the Temple, died () and was succeeded by his son Cambyses. On his death, the \"\"false Smerdis\"\", an impostor, occupied the throne for some seven or eight months, and then Darius became king (522 BCE). In the second year of his rule the work of rebuilding the temple was resumed and carried forward to its completion (), under the stimulus of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4269215", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Captivity in Babylon\"\nking, are taken prisoner and suffer punishments (23-26). Jeremiah is told that the captivity will be spared if he can find one honest man, but he fails (27-28). The people are taken into captivity and after forty years Zedekiah dies (29-31). Nebuchadnezzar dies and is replaced by Cyrus, while Ezra emerges as a leader among the Israelites (32-35). After divine intervention, the people are freed from their captivity (36-37). Ebedmelech awakens from his seventy-year slumber to see Jeremiah's return to Jerusalem (38-40). Jeremiah enters the temple and a service of thanksgiving is performed (41). The work relies primarily on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814607", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nIsrael broke with the United Monarchy to form their own nation, with its kings, prophets, priests, traditions relating to religion, capitals and temples in northern Israel. The southern tribes, together with the Aaronid priesthood, remained in Jerusalem, with the city becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Judah. In 538 BCE, the Persian King Cyrus the Great invited the Jews of Babylon to return to Judah to rebuild the Temple. Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple. Sometime soon after 485", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493372", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nThe Second Temple also included many of the original vessels of gold that had been taken by the Babylonians but restored by Cyrus the Great. According to the Babylonian Talmud (\"\"Yoma\"\" 22b), however, the Temple lacked the \"\"Shekinah\"\", the dwelling or settling divine presence of God, and the \"\"Ruach HaKodesh\"\", the Spirit of Holiness, present in the first. Traditional rabbinic literature state that the Second Temple stood for 420 years and based on the 2nd-century work \"\"Seder Olam Rabbah\"\", placed construction in 350 BCE (3408 AM), 166 years later than secular estimates, and destruction in 70 CE (3829 AM). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7641083", "chunk_text": "Haggai\nHaggai Haggai (; , \"\"Ḥaggay\"\" or \"\"Hag-i\"\", Koine Greek: Ἀγγαῖος; ) was a Hebrew prophet during the building of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and one of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the author of the Book of Haggai. He is known for his prophecy in 520 BCE, commanding the Jews to rebuild the Temple. His name means \"\"my holiday.\"\" He was the first of three post-exile prophets from the Neo-Babylonian Exile of the House of Judah (with Zechariah, his contemporary, and Malachi, who lived about one hundred years later), who belonged to the period of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9621457", "chunk_text": "\"Cyrus Cylinder\"\nwhole [empire]\"\". Another biblical historian, Alberto Soggin, comments that it was more \"\"a matter of practicality and economy … [as] it was simpler, and indeed cost less, to obtain the spontaneous collaboration of their subjects at a local level than to have to impose their sovereignty by force\"\". The Bible records that some Jews (who were exiled by the Babylonians), returned to their homeland from Babylon, where they had been settled by Nebuchadnezzar, to rebuild the temple following an edict from Cyrus. The Book of Ezra (1–4:5) provides a narrative account of the rebuilding project. Scholars have linked one particular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5610456", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of Babel\"\nwas swallowed, and the middle was left standing to erode over time. Etemenanki (Sumerian: \"\"temple of the foundation of heaven and earth\"\") was the name of a ziggurat dedicated to Marduk in the city of Babylon. It was famously rebuilt by the 6th-century BCE Neo-Babylonian dynasty rulers Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar II. According to modern scholars, such as Stephen L. Harris, the biblical story of the Tower of Babel was likely influenced by Etemenanki during the Babylonian captivity of the Hebrews. Nebuchadnezzar wrote that the original tower had been built in antiquity: \"\"A former king built the Temple of the Seven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19114450", "chunk_text": "\"Johanan (High Priest)\"\nJohanan (High Priest) Johanan (Hebrew \"\"Yôḥānān\"\"), son of Joiada, was the fifth high priest after the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem by the Jews who had returned from the Babylonian captivity. His reign is estimated to have been from c. 410–371 BCE; he was succeeded by his son Jaddua. The Bible gives no details about his life. Johanan lived during the reigns of king Darius II of Persia (423 BC - 405 or 404 BC) and his son Artaxerxes II (404 BC - 358 BC), whose empire included Judah as a province. Flavius Josephus records that Johanan's brother Jesus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594752", "chunk_text": "\"Third Temple\"\nbelief in the return of the Jews to the Temple in Jerusalem is not part of mainstream Reform Judaism. Initially, the Emperor Hadrian granted permission to rebuild the temple but then changed his mind. The forces of Simon bar Kokhba captured Jerusalem from the Romans in 132 CE, and construction of a new temple continued. The failure of this revolt led to the writing of the Mishna, as the religious leaders believed that the next attempt to rebuild the temple might be centuries away and memory of the practices and ceremonies would otherwise be lost. As punishment for the revolt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "513163", "chunk_text": "Israelites\nto fall to her enemies, the people taken into captivity in Babylon, the land left empty and desolate, and the Holy Temple itself destroyed. Yet despite these events Yahweh does not forget his people, but sends Cyrus, king of Persia to deliver them from bondage. The Israelites are allowed to return to Judah and Benjamin, the Holy Temple is rebuilt, the priestly orders restored, and the service of sacrifice resumed. Through the offices of the sage Ezra, Israel is constituted as a holy nation, bound by the Torah and holding itself apart from all other peoples. According to the bible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16553360", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nhistory is synonymous with events pertaining to the Temple itself. After the destruction of Solomon's Temple by Nebuchadnezzar II, construction of the Second Temple began under Cyrus in around 538 BCE, and was completed in 516 BCE. Evidence of a Hasmonean expansion of the Temple Mount has been recovered by archaeologist Leen Ritmeyer. Around 19 BCE, Herod the Great further expanded the Mount and rebuilt the temple. The ambitious project, which involved the employment of 10,000 workers, more than doubled the size of the Temple Mount to approximately . Herod leveled the area by cutting away rock on the northwest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18783828", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple Judaism\"\nSecond Temple Judaism Second Temple Judaism is Judaism between the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, c. 515 BCE, and its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE. The development of the Hebrew Bible canon, the synagogue, Jewish apocalyptic expectations for the future, and the rise of Christianity, can all be traced to the Second Temple period. \"\"(Note: dates and periods are in many cases approximate and/or conventional)\"\" The period of the First Temple ended in 586 BCE when the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem, destroyed the Temple of Solomon, and deported the elite of the population to Babylon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5245337", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nreligion, of the synagogue and of apocalyptic expectations for the future all developed in the Judaism of this period. Second Temple The Second Temple (, \"\"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\"\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon. The Second Temple was originally a rather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19016004", "chunk_text": "\"Ishtar Gate\"\nIshtar Gate The Ishtar Gate () was the eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon. It was constructed in about 575 BCE by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the north side of the city. It was excavated in the early 20th century, and a reconstruction using original bricks, completed in 1930, is now shown in Berlin’s Pergamon Museum. King Nebuchadnezzar II reigned 604–562 BCE, the peak of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He is known as the biblical conqueror who captured Jerusalem. King Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the construction of the gate and dedicated it to the Babylonian goddess Ishtar. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18255785", "chunk_text": "\"Babylonian captivity\"\ncity and captured the king. He appointed there a king of his own choice and taking heavy tribute brought it back to Babylon. Jehoiachin's Rations Tablets, describing ration orders for a captive King of Judah, identified with King Jeconiah, have been discovered during excavations in Babylon, in the royal archives of Nebuchadnezzar. One of the tablets refers to food rations for \"\"Ya’u-kīnu, king of the land of Yahudu\"\" and five royal princes, his sons. Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonian forces returned in 588/586 BCE and rampaged through Judah, leaving clear archaeological evidence of destruction in many towns and settlements there. Clay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6286227", "chunk_text": "\"Joshua the High Priest\"\nJoshua the High Priest Joshua (Hebrew \"\"Yəhōšua‘\"\") or Yeshua the High Priest was, according to the Bible, the first person chosen to be the High Priest for the reconstruction of the Jewish Temple after the return of the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity (See and Ezra 3 in the Bible). While the name \"\"Yeshua\"\" is used in Ezra–Nehemiah for the High Priest, he is called \"\"Joshua\"\" son of Yehozadak in the books of Haggai and Zechariah. Yeshua son of Jozadak served as High Priest ca. 515-490 BCE in the common List of High Priests of Israel. This dating is based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10295217", "chunk_text": "Zerubbabel\nZerubbabel According to the biblical narrative, Zerubbabel was a governor of the Persian Province of Judah (Yehud Medinata) and the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate king of Judah. Zerubbabel led the first group of Jews, numbering 42,360, who returned from the Babylonian captivity in the first year of Cyrus, King of Persia. The date is generally thought to have been between 538 and 520 BC. Zerubbabel also laid the foundation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem soon after. In all of the accounts in the Hebrew Bible that mention Zerubbabel, he is always associated with the high priest who returned with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14739365", "chunk_text": "Esagila\nAccording to Herodotus, Xerxes had a statue removed from the Esagila when he flooded Babylon in 482 BC, desecrated the Esagila and sacked the city. Alexander the Great ordered restorations, and the temple continued to be maintained throughout the 2nd century BC, as one of the last strongholds of Babylonian culture, such as literacy in the cuneiform script, but as Babylon was gradually abandoned under the Parthian Empire, the temple fell into decay in the 1st century BC. Under the enormous heap of debris that lay over it, Esagila was rediscovered by Robert Koldewey in November 1900, but it did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16435165", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple period\"\nBCE). In the second year of this monarch the work of rebuilding the temple was resumed and carried forward to its completion, under the stimulus of the earnest counsels and admonitions of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. It was ready for consecration in the spring of 516 BCE, more than twenty years after the return from captivity. The Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius, amid great rejoicings on the part of all the people although it was evident that the Jews were no longer an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6374985", "chunk_text": "Israel\nwas conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In 586 BCE, King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon conquered Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon. The defeat was also recorded in the Babylonian Chronicles. The Babylonian exile ended around 538 BCE under the rule of the Persian Cyrus the Great after he captured Babylon. The Second Temple was constructed around 520 BCE. As part of the Persian Empire, the former Kingdom of Judah became the province of Judah (\"\"Yehud Medinata\"\") with different borders, covering a smaller territory. The population of the province was greatly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15103932", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Judah\"\ndeported to Babylon and those who made their way to Egypt and the remnant that remained in the land and in surrounding countries is subject to academic debate. The Book of Jeremiah reports that 4600 were exiled to Babylonia. The Books of Kings suggest that it was ten thousand, and later eight thousand. In 539 BCE the Achaemenid Empire conquered Babylonia and allowed the exiles to return to Yehud Medinata and rebuild the Temple, which was completed in the sixth year of Darius (515 BCE) () under Zerubbabel, the grandson of the second to last king of Judah, Jeconiah. Yehud", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3026017", "chunk_text": "Babylon\nthe Neo-Babylonian (sometimes and possibly erroneously called the Chaldean) Empire. With the recovery of Babylonian independence, a new era of architectural activity ensued, particularly during the reign of his son Nebuchadnezzar II (604–561 BC). Nebuchadnezzar ordered the complete reconstruction of the imperial grounds, including the Etemenanki ziggurat, and the construction of the Ishtar Gate—the most prominent of eight gates around Babylon. A reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate is located in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. Nebuchadnezzar is also credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon—one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—said to have been built", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "366071", "chunk_text": "\"Cleansing of the Temple\"\n(Ant 15.380) the temple reconstruction was started by Herod the Great in the 18th year of his reign 22 BC, two years before Augustus arrived in Syria in 20 BC to return the son of Phraates IV and receive in return the spoils and standards of three Roman legions (Ant 15.354). Temple expansion and reconstruction was ongoing, and it was in constant reconstruction until it was destroyed in 70 AD by the Romans. Given that it had taken 46 years of construction to that point, the Temple visit in the Gospel of John has been estimated at any time between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6286231", "chunk_text": "\"Joshua the High Priest\"\ndistance from Baghdad.\"\" Joshua the High Priest Joshua (Hebrew \"\"Yəhōšua‘\"\") or Yeshua the High Priest was, according to the Bible, the first person chosen to be the High Priest for the reconstruction of the Jewish Temple after the return of the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity (See and Ezra 3 in the Bible). While the name \"\"Yeshua\"\" is used in Ezra–Nehemiah for the High Priest, he is called \"\"Joshua\"\" son of Yehozadak in the books of Haggai and Zechariah. Yeshua son of Jozadak served as High Priest ca. 515-490 BCE in the common List of High Priests of Israel. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493363", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\ngovernor Zerubbabel. However, during the reign of Herod the Great, the Second Temple was completely refurbished, and the original structure was totally overhauled into the large and magnificent edifices and facades that are more recognizable. Much like the Babylonians destroyed the First Temple, the Romans destroyed the Second Temple and Jerusalem in 70 CE as retaliation for an ongoing Jewish revolt. Jewish eschatology includes a belief that the Second Temple will be replaced by a future Third Temple. The accession of Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in 559 BCE made the re-establishment of the city of Jerusalem and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18218181", "chunk_text": "\"Solomon's Temple\"\nof Jehoiachin c. 598 BCE (2 Kings 24:13). A decade later, Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE, subsequently burning the Temple, along with most of the city (2 Kings 25). According to Jewish tradition, the Temple was destroyed on \"\"Tisha B'Av\"\", the 9th day of Av (Hebrew calendar). The Temple of Solomon is considered to be built according to Phoenician design, and its description is considered the best description of what a Phoenician temple looked like. The detailed descriptions provided in the Tanakh are the sources for reconstructions of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10650958", "chunk_text": "\"Seder Olam Zutta\"\nand ten days, was carried into captivity by Nebuchadnezzar. He was afterward given high rank by Evil-merodach, thus becoming the first prince of the Captivity. Correcting the somewhat confused genealogical account of , the \"\"Seder 'Olam Zuṭa\"\" declares that Jehoiachin had four sons, the eldest of whom was Shealtiel, who succeeded his father. It is worthwhile noting that, according to this chronicle, Darius conquered Babylon after it had been supreme for 70 years, beginning with the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, and 52 years after the destruction of the First Temple. Zerubbabel, Shealtiel's son, who departed for Jerusalem in the first year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14078912", "chunk_text": "Jews\nended the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE, the year after he captured Babylon. The exile ended with the return under Zerubbabel the Prince (so-called because he was a descendant of the royal line of David) and Joshua the Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple) and their construction of the Second Temple in the period 521–516 BCE. The Cyrus Cylinder, an ancient tablet on which is written a declaration in the name of Cyrus referring to restoration of temples and repatriation of exiled peoples, has often been taken as corroboration of the authenticity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192250", "chunk_text": "\"Ishtar Gate\"\nto Iraq's history. Damage to this reproduction has occurred since the Iraq War (see Impact of the U.S. military). Ishtar Gate The Ishtar Gate () was the eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon. It was constructed in about 575 BCE by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the north side of the city. It was excavated in the early 20th century, and a reconstruction using original bricks, completed in 1930, is now shown in Berlin’s Pergamon Museum. King Nebuchadnezzar II reigned 604–562 BCE, the peak of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He is known as the biblical conqueror who captured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283136", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nHaElohim\"\" \"\"House of God\"\", or simply \"\"Beiti\"\" \"\"my house\"\", \"\"Beitekhah\"\" \"\"your house\"\" etc. In rabbinical literature the temple is \"\"Beit HaMikdash\"\", \"\"The Sanctified House\"\", and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name. The Hebrew Bible says that the First Temple was built by King Solomon. According to the Book of Deuteronomy, as the sole place of Israelite sacrifice (), the Temple replaced the Tabernacle constructed in the Sinai Desert under the auspices of Moses, as well as local sanctuaries, and altars in the hills. This temple was sacked a few decades later by Shoshenq I, Pharaoh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2978153", "chunk_text": "\"Ptolemaic Baris\"\nPtolemaic Baris The Ptolemaic Baris (also Ptolemaic Acra) was a citadel maintained by Ptolemaic Egypt during its rule of Jerusalem in the 3rd century BC. Described by only a few ancient sources, no archaeological remains of the citadel have been found and much about it remains a matter of conjecture. After the conquest of Babylon by the Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews to return to their native land and rebuild Jerusalem, sacked by Nebuchadnezzar II in 586 BC. While rebuilding the city's fortifications, the Persian administration also constructed a new citadel north of the Temple Mount enclosure,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2545294", "chunk_text": "\"Iran–Israel relations\"\nwrote that \"\"appeals to Marduk in the cylinder and to Yahweh in the biblical decree demonstrate the Persian tendency to co-opt local religious and political traditions in the interest of imperial control.\"\" According to the Bible, Cyrus ordered rebuilding the Second Temple in the same place as the first; however, he died before it was completed. Darius the Great came to power in the Persian empire and ordered the completion of the temple. According to the Bible, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah urged this work. The temple was ready for consecration in the spring of 515 BCE, more than twenty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10295259", "chunk_text": "Zerubbabel\nIsaiah, and descendant of the Davidic Dynasty. Zerubbabel According to the biblical narrative, Zerubbabel was a governor of the Persian Province of Judah (Yehud Medinata) and the grandson of Jehoiachin, penultimate king of Judah. Zerubbabel led the first group of Jews, numbering 42,360, who returned from the Babylonian captivity in the first year of Cyrus, King of Persia. The date is generally thought to have been between 538 and 520 BC. Zerubbabel also laid the foundation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem soon after. In all of the accounts in the Hebrew Bible that mention Zerubbabel, he is always associated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2639448", "chunk_text": "Jeconiah\nJeconiah Jeconiah ( \"\"Yekonya\"\" , meaning \"\"Yah has established\"\"; ; ), also known as Coniah and as Jehoiachin ( ; ), was a king of Judah who was dethroned by the King of Babylon in the 6th century BC and was taken into captivity. He was the son and successor of King Jehoiakim. Most of what is known about Jeconiah is found in the Hebrew Bible. Records of Jeconiah's existence have been found in Iraq, such as the Jehoiachin's Rations Tablets. These tablets were excavated near the Ishtar Gate in Babylon and have been dated to c. 592 BC. Written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19683091", "chunk_text": "\"Siebenberg House\"\nsurviving contemporary extra-biblical literature. The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon, King of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant. Josephus claims that \"\"the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years, six months, and ten days after it was built,\"\" (Jew. Ant. 10.8.5), though rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7318082", "chunk_text": "\"Fall of Babylon\"\nhomes, carrying with them the images of their gods and their sacred vessels. The permission to do so was embodied in a proclamation, whereby the conqueror endeavored to justify his claim to the Babylonian throne. It is said that the Jews initially greeted the Persians as liberators. According to biblical account, Cyrus sent the Jewish exiles back to Israel from the Babylonian captivity. Although the Jews never rebelled against the Persian occupation, they were restive under the period of Darius I consolidating his rule, and under Artaxerxes I of Persia, without taking up arms, or reprisals being exacted from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_721	who was executed for being an american spy during the revolutionary war?	n/a	[ "Nathan Hale" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3185695", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Bettys\"\nto the British commander in New York. Bettys offered 100 guineas to be allowed to burn the message, and also offered money for his release, but his offers were refused. He was sent to Albany, where he was tried, found guilty as a spy and traitor, and executed that year. Joseph Bettys Joseph \"\"Joe\"\" Bettys (1754 – April 1, 1782) was a soldier in the American Revolution best known for being hanged as a British spy in 1782. The son of Abigail and Joe Bettys, Joe was born and grew up in Wilton in Fairfield County, Connecticut. In 1772 he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17517050", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Hale\"\nNathan Hale Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. Hale has long been considered an American hero and, in 1985, he was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut. Nathan Hale was born in Coventry, Connecticut, in 1755 to Richard Hale and Elizabeth Strong. In 1769, when he was fourteen years old, he was sent with his brother Enoch, who was sixteen, to Yale College.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3185691", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Bettys\"\nJoseph Bettys Joseph \"\"Joe\"\" Bettys (1754 – April 1, 1782) was a soldier in the American Revolution best known for being hanged as a British spy in 1782. The son of Abigail and Joe Bettys, Joe was born and grew up in Wilton in Fairfield County, Connecticut. In 1772 he moved with his family to Ballston, New York. He joined the Patriot forces and was made a sergeant. He was said to be courageous, but intolerant of military discipline, for which he was demoted. In summer 1776 he was again promoted, and transferred to the fleet on Lake Champlain commanded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17517062", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Hale\"\nappearance and demeanor, fellow soldier Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick wrote that Nathan Hale had blue eyes, flaxen blond hair, darker eyebrows, and stood slightly taller than average height (of the time), with mental powers of a sedate mind and pious. Bostwick wrote: Hale has been honored with two standing images: Other statues/markers include: Nathan Hale Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. Hale has long been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18185415", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Van Wart\"\nin the neighboring village of Elmsford, New York, are named for the militiamen, with Van Wart Street being one of the village's main roads. White Plains, New York, has a Van Wart Avenue in the southwest section of the city, off NY Route 22. Isaac Van Wart Isaac Van Wart (October 25, 1762 – May 23, 1828) was a militiaman from the state of New York during the American Revolution. In 1780, he was one of three men who captured British Major John André, who was convicted and executed as a spy for conspiring with Benedict Arnold. Born in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2316669", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Van Wart\"\nIsaac Van Wart Isaac Van Wart (October 25, 1762 – May 23, 1828) was a militiaman from the state of New York during the American Revolution. In 1780, he was one of three men who captured British Major John André, who was convicted and executed as a spy for conspiring with Benedict Arnold. Born in the farm country of Greenburgh, New York, near the village of Elmsford, Van Wart lived on the frontier and his birthdate is not recorded. His tombstone said that he died at the age of sixty-nine. Van Wart married Rachel Storm (1760–1834), a daughter of Elmsford's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9323690", "chunk_text": "\"Timothy Webster\"\nTimothy Webster Timothy Webster (March 12, 1822 – April 29, 1862), Pinkerton agent and Union spy, was the first spy in the American Civil War to be executed. Webster came to America with his parents in August 1830 and settled in Princeton, New Jersey. He became a policeman in New York City sometime before 1850. He met Allan Pinkerton in 1853 and took a job with Pinkerton's private detective agency in 1856. Webster married Charlotte Sprowles on October 23, 1841 in Princeton, New Jersey and the couple had four children, two of whom died young. Their son, Timothy Jr., born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012407", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nthe Revolution. Less than a year after Nathan Hale was executed, another American agent went to the gallows in New York. On June 13, 1777, General Washington wrote the President of Congress: \"\"You will observe by the New York paper, the execution of Abm. (Abraham) Patten. His family deserves the generous Notice of Congress. He conducted himself with great fidelity to our Cause rendering Services and has fallen a Sacrifice in promoting her interest. Perhaps a public act of generosity, considering the character he was in, might not be so eligible as a private donation.\"\" \"\"Most accurate and explicit intelligence\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6530089", "chunk_text": "\"Culper Ring\"\nYork militia general George Clinton to set up \"\"a channel of information\"\" on Long Island, but he did not yet try to establish permanent agents behind enemy lines. His next agent was Captain Nathan Hale, who was captured during his effort to obtain intelligence in New York City by Loyalist ranger Lieutenant Colonel Robert Rogers; Hale was executed by the British on September 22, 1776. By January 1777, Washington thought that civilians would attract less attention as spies and that they must recruit other agents to gather intelligence. He asked William Duer to recommend someone to be the agent, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11412391", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Hickey (soldier)\"\nThomas Hickey (soldier) Thomas Hickey (hung on June 28, 1776) was a Continental Army soldier in the American Revolutionary War, and the first person executed for \"\"mutiny, sedition, and treachery.\"\" Born in Ireland, he came to America as a soldier in the British Army and fought as personal assistant to Major General William Johnson in the Seven Years' War, but deserted to the other side when the Revolution broke out. He became part of the Life Guard, which protected General George Washington, his staff, and the Continental Army's payroll. Hickey was jailed for passing counterfeit money. He was tried and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11207182", "chunk_text": "\"Bathsheba Spooner\"\nBathsheba Spooner Bathsheba Ruggles Spooner (February 15, 1746 – July 2, 1778) was the first woman to be executed in the United States following the Declaration of Independence. The daughter of a prominent Colonial American lawyer, justice and military officer, Bathsheba Ruggles had an arranged marriage to a wealthy farmer, Joshua Spooner. She then became lovers with a young soldier from the Continental Army, Ezra Ross, and became pregnant. She enlisted the assistance of Ross and two others to murder her husband. On the night of March 1, 1778, one of them beat Joshua Spooner to death and they put", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2316816", "chunk_text": "\"David Williams (soldier)\"\nDavid Williams (soldier) David Williams (October 21, 1754 – August 2, 1831) was a militiaman from the state of New York during the American Revolution. In 1780, he was one of three men to capture British Major John André, who was convicted and executed as a spy for conspiring with Benedict Arnold. Born in Tarrytown, New York, Williams had been a farmer before joining the Continental Army in 1775. Serving under Gen. Richard Montgomery, he took part in several campaigns. He was forced to leave active service in 1779 after his feet were badly frozen, leaving him partially disabled for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14700607", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War\"\nin his socks. Paulding understood the papers revealed \"\"Anderson\"\" to be a spy, and stated that no amount of money would be enough to let André go. As Tallmadge arrived to the post, he found that the acting Post Commander had sent André, under guard, back to General Arnold. After extensive and animated lobbying by Tallmadge, the commander, Jamieson, ordered that \"\"Anderson\"\" be returned for interrogation. \"\"Anderson\"\" admitted to his true identity (that he was André) and was tried, convicted, and executed as a spy. Arnold, learning that André had been taken and that his own treachery was no doubt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3034966", "chunk_text": "\"John Paulding\"\nJohn Paulding John Paulding (October 16, 1758 – February 18, 1818) was a militiaman from the state of New York during the American Revolution. In 1780, he was one of three men who captured Major John André, a British spy associated with Benedict Arnold. Andre was convicted and hanged. While visiting his future wife, Sarah Teed, Paulding was captured by Tories, or Loyalists, led by his future brother-in-law. He was held in the notorious \"\"Sugar House\"\" prison in New York City in 1780, then occupied by British forces. He escaped by jumping from a window. He went to the livery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012377", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nTory, British agent) to collect intelligence on British military activities in New Jersey. He participated in a deception operation that left the Hessians in Trenton unprepared for Washington's attack across the Delaware River on December 26, 1776. In January 1778, Nancy Morgan Hart, who was tall, muscular, and cross-eyed, disguised herself as a \"\"touched\"\" or emotionally disturbed man, and entered Augusta, Georgia, to obtain intelligence on British defenses. Her mission was a success. Later, when a group of Tories attacked her home to gain revenge, she captured them all and was witness to their execution. In June 1778, General Washington", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19790090", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Everett Hale\"\nEdward Everett Hale Edward Everett Hale (April 3, 1822 – June 10, 1909) was an American author, historian, and Unitarian minister. Hale was born on April 3, 1822, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Nathan Hale (1784–1863), proprietor and editor of the \"\"Boston Daily Advertiser\"\", and Sarah Preston Everett; and the brother of Lucretia Peabody Hale, Susan Hale, and Charles Hale. Edward Hale was a nephew of Edward Everett, the orator and statesman, and grand-nephew of Nathan Hale (1755-1776), the Revolutionary War hero executed by the British for espionage. Edward Everett Hale was also a descendant of Richard Everett and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20549013", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Hayne\"\nIsaac Hayne Isaac Hayne (23 September 1745 – 4 August 1781) was one of the most prominent Americans to be executed by the British during the American War of Independence. At the beginning of the War of Independence Hayne joined the rebellion, and was a commissioned a captain of artillery, and at the same time state senator. In 1780, on the invasion of the state by the British, he served in a cavalry regiment during the final siege of Charleston, and, being included in the capitulation of that place, was paroled on condition that he would not serve against the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "684596", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nprovisions.\"\" They were charged with revising the Articles of War in regard to espionage directed against the American forces. The problem was an urgent one: Dr. Benjamin Church, chief physician of the Continental Army, had already been seized and imprisoned as a British agent, but there was no civilian espionage act, and George Washington thought the existing military law did not provide punishment severe enough to afford a deterrent. On November 7, 1775, the death penalty was added for espionage to the Articles of War, but the clause was not applied retroactively, and Dr. Church escaped execution. On August 21,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17481778", "chunk_text": "\"David Williams (soldier)\"\nthe 1960s by construction of I-287; it remains only as a short service road between the highway and Route 9A. Ohio's Williams County is also named after David Williams (see also Van Wert and Paulding Counties, also in Ohio.) David Williams (soldier) David Williams (October 21, 1754 – August 2, 1831) was a militiaman from the state of New York during the American Revolution. In 1780, he was one of three men to capture British Major John André, who was convicted and executed as a spy for conspiring with Benedict Arnold. Born in Tarrytown, New York, Williams had been a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9323695", "chunk_text": "\"Timothy Webster\"\nattempt. He was buried in Richmond, but in 1871, Pinkerton sent George Bangs and Thomas G. Robinson (Timothy's son-in-law) to Richmond to locate his body and bring it to Onarga, Illinois for burial. He was buried next to his father, Timothy Webster Sr., and his son, Timothy Webster Jr. Timothy Webster Timothy Webster (March 12, 1822 – April 29, 1862), Pinkerton agent and Union spy, was the first spy in the American Civil War to be executed. Webster came to America with his parents in August 1830 and settled in Princeton, New Jersey. He became a policeman in New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "987964", "chunk_text": "\"John André\"\nJohn André John André (2 May 1750 – 2 October 1780) was a British Army officer hanged as a spy by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War for assisting Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British. André was born on 2 May 1750 in London to wealthy Huguenot parents Antoine André, a merchant from Geneva, Switzerland, and Marie Louise Girardot from Paris, France. He was educated at St Paul's School, Westminster School, and in Geneva. He was briefly engaged to Honora Sneyd. At age 20, he entered the British Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14051659", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Hickey (soldier)\"\n26, 1765, means that at the time of Hickey's execution, she was 10 1/2 years old. Primary documents from \"\"The American Archives\"\", published online by the Northern Illinois University Libraries: Thomas Hickey (soldier) Thomas Hickey (hung on June 28, 1776) was a Continental Army soldier in the American Revolutionary War, and the first person executed for \"\"mutiny, sedition, and treachery.\"\" Born in Ireland, he came to America as a soldier in the British Army and fought as personal assistant to Major General William Johnson in the Seven Years' War, but deserted to the other side when the Revolution broke out.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14525936", "chunk_text": "\"John Yates Beall\"\nJohn Yates Beall John Yates Beall (January 1, 1835 – February 24, 1865) was a Confederate privateer in the American Civil War who was arrested as a spy in New York and executed at Fort Columbus, Governors Island, New York. He was born in Jefferson County, Virginia—now West Virginia—on his father's farm, Walnut Grove. He attended the University of Virginia to study law but upon the death of his father in 1855 he left his studies to take up farming. At the start of the war he joined Bott's Grays, Company G, in the 2nd Virginia Infantry. He received a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14973324", "chunk_text": "\"Timothy Ruggles\"\nRuggles left his daughter, Bathsheba Spooner, behind in Massachusetts. On July 2, 1778 she became the first woman executed in the newly independent United States of America. She was hanged while 5 months pregnant for the crime of plotting, with a 17 year old Continental Army soldier with whom she was having an affair (and whose child she can be presumed to have been carrying), and two British soldiers (who had deserted the British Army) the death of her husband Joshua Spooner who was savagely beaten and dumped in a well. Timothy Ruggles Timothy Dwight Ruggles (October 20, 1711 –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4458657", "chunk_text": "\"David Henley\"\nsecurity, and counterterrorism founded in 2001, is named for Henley and Israel Putnam. David Henley David Henley (February 5/12, 1748/9 – January 1, 1823) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War, who served as George Washington's intelligence officer and prisoner of war commandant. He later served as the Agent for the United States Department of War for the Southwest Territory (later Tennessee) in the 1790s. Henley was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the eldest child of Samuel and Elizabeth Cheever Henley. On January 8, 1776, he set fire to Charlestown which was occupied by the British. In that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8542619", "chunk_text": "\"West Point, New York\"\non a high hill overlooking the river. Named after its builder, Revolutionary War general and engineer Rufus Putnam, the fort is still preserved in its original design. In perhaps the most infamous act of treason in American history, General Benedict Arnold attempted to turn the site over to the British Army in 1780 for a bribe consisting of a commission as a Brigadier General in the British Army and a cash reward of £20,000 (about $1.3M in 2009 dollars). However, Arnold's plot failed when British Major John André was captured as a spy by the Americans. Arnold received a decreased", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17588568", "chunk_text": "\"David Farnsworth\"\nGeorge Washington approved of the sentence and ordered their immediate execution upon their arrival at General Gates' division. Farnsworth and Blair were executed in Rocky Hill, Connecticut in Hartford County, Connecticut on November 3, 1778. In fiction, Farnsworth appeared in the \"\"Futurama\"\" episode \"\"All The Presidents' Heads\"\" as the ancestor of Professor Hubert Farnsworth. As in history, he was presented as a counterfeiter and British agent. A distant relative, John Semer Farnsworth, was convicted of spying for Japan during the 1930s. David Farnsworth David Farnsworth was a Colonial-era American Loyalist. He was a British agent during the American Revolutionary War.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14171000", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Swayze\"\nIsaac Swayze Isaac Swayze (1751 – February 11, 1828) was a soldier and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Morris County, New Jersey in 1751 into a family of German immigrants. During the American Revolution, according to legend, he served as a secret agent for the British, was arrested, sentenced to death and escaped by exchanging clothes with his wife during a prison visit. In 1783, he was arrested by the British authorities at New York, having been suspected of committed a robbery, and later released, on condition that he leave town. In 1784, he settled at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15192059", "chunk_text": "\"Peggy Shippen\"\nPeggy Shippen Margaret \"\"Peggy\"\" Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold. She gained notoriety for being the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution. Shippen was born into a prominent Philadelphia family with Loyalist tendencies. She met Arnold during his tenure as military commander of the city following the British withdrawal in 1778. They were married in the Shippen townhouse on Fourth Street on April 8, 1779, and Arnold began conspiring with the British to change sides soon after. Peggy played a role in the conspiracy which was exposed after British Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012404", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nthe execution reported the dying words that gained him immortality (a paraphrase of a line from Joseph Addison's play \"\"Cato\"\"): \"\"I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.\"\" After he was accused of being a spy he stated his name, rank, and his reason for being there. He gave a soldier a letter to his family, which was ripped up. He asked to see a bible and was denied the right. The same day that Nathan Hale was executed in New York, British authorities arrested another Patriot and charged him with being a spy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "56301", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence operations in the American Revolutionary War\"\nbail or parole, and to imprison or to deport. A company of militia was placed under its command. The Committee heard over 500 cases involving disloyalty and subversion. John Jay has been called the first chief of American counterintelligence because of his role in the Committee. William Duer, a New York planter and politician, and Nathanial Sackett, an agent suggested by Duer to George Washington, were particularly successful in ferreting out British agents, but found their greatest success in the missions of one of the dozen or so agents of their own, Enoch Crosby. Crosby, a veteran of the Continental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012403", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nkind of service necessary to the public good becomes honorable by being necessary. If the exigencies of my country demand a peculiar service, its claims to perform that service are imperious.\"\" But dedication was not enough. Captain Hale had no training experience, no contacts in New York, no channels of communication, and no cover story to explain his absence from camp—only his Yale diploma supported his contention that he was a \"\"Dutch schoolmaster.\"\" He was captured while trying to slip out of New York, was convicted as a spy and went to the gallows on September 22, 1776. Witnesses to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15696639", "chunk_text": "\"George Washington\"\nstrengthen defensive positions. André's military trial for espionage ended in a death sentence, and Washington offered to return him to the British in exchange for Arnold, but Clinton refused. André requested execution by firing squad rather than hanging; Washington was tempted to grant his request but resisted, under pressure to better deter other spies, and André was hanged on October 2, 1780. In late 1778, General Clinton sent 3,000 troops by ship from New York to Georgia and launched a Southern invasion. He seized Savannah, reinforced by 2,000 British and Loyalist troops, and repelled an attack by Patriots and French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15810547", "chunk_text": "\"John Trumbull\"\n23, 1780, British agent Major John André was captured by Continental troops in North America; he was hanged as a spy on October 2, 1780. After news reached Great Britain, outrage flared and Trumbull was arrested, as having been an officer in the Continental Army of similar rank to André. He was imprisoned for seven months in London's Tothill Fields Bridewell. After being released, Trumbull returned to the United States in a voyage that lasted six months, ending late January 1782. He then joined his brother David in supplying the army stationed at New Windsor, New York during the winter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17588565", "chunk_text": "\"David Farnsworth\"\nDavid Farnsworth David Farnsworth was a Colonial-era American Loyalist. He was a British agent during the American Revolutionary War. George Washington had him hanged for his involvement in a plot to destroy the American economy by placing counterfeit money into circulation. Farnsworth initially joined up with Patriot forces in Cambridge, Massachusetts at the age of 15 in 1775, serving as a drummer and participating in the Battle of Bunker Hill. The use of counterfeit money has been used as a strategy in warfare for centuries. The idea is to flood the enemy's economy with fake money, thus devaluing the real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15192078", "chunk_text": "\"Peggy Shippen\"\ntraitorous views. Peggy Shippen Margaret \"\"Peggy\"\" Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold. She gained notoriety for being the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution. Shippen was born into a prominent Philadelphia family with Loyalist tendencies. She met Arnold during his tenure as military commander of the city following the British withdrawal in 1778. They were married in the Shippen townhouse on Fourth Street on April 8, 1779, and Arnold began conspiring with the British to change sides soon after. Peggy played a role in the conspiracy which was exposed after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5351703", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Surratt\"\nMary Surratt Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820 or May 1823 – July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the US federal government. She maintained her innocence until her death, and the case against her was and is controversial. Surratt was the mother of John H. Surratt, Jr., who was later tried but was not convicted of involvement in the assassination. Born in the 1820s, Surratt converted to Catholicism at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13203370", "chunk_text": "\"John Yates Beall\"\nhe was approached by his friend and Secretary of State William H. Seward, who insisted that Beall's activities had been dangerous to the citizens of New York (Seward's home state). Supposedly a furious Booth determined to kill Lincoln and Seward for this betrayal after Beall was executed. John Yates Beall John Yates Beall (January 1, 1835 – February 24, 1865) was a Confederate privateer in the American Civil War who was arrested as a spy in New York and executed at Fort Columbus, Governors Island, New York. He was born in Jefferson County, Virginia—now West Virginia—on his father's farm, Walnut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12814498", "chunk_text": "\"Commander-in-Chief's Guard\"\nmarshal of the Continental Army. The conspiracy became greatly exaggerated in rumor, and was alleged to include plans to kidnap Washington, assassinate him and his officers, and blow up the Continental Army's ammunition magazines. Hickey, the only conspirator put on trial, was court-martialed and found guilty of mutiny and sedition. He was executed in New York on 28 June 1776 before a crowd of 20,000 spectators. Decades after the Revolution it was not uncommon for aged veterans to claim to have served in General Washington's Life Guard. One of the more famous of the false claims was made by Alexander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8870512", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Townsend (spy)\"\nRobert Townsend (spy) Robert Townsend (November 25, 1753 – March 7, 1838) was a member of the Culper Ring during the American Revolution. He operated in New York City with the aliases \"\"Samuel Culper, Jr.\"\" and \"\"723\"\" and gathered information as a service to General George Washington. He is one of the least-known operatives in the spy ring, once demanding that Abraham Woodhull (\"\"Samuel Culper\"\") never tell his name to anyone, not even to Washington. Townsend was the third son of eight children of Samuel and Sarah Townsend from Oyster Bay, New York. His father was a Whig-slanted politician who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012376", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\noperatives may have been detained. The agents traveled freely in and out of Philadelphia and passed intelligence to Washington about British troops, fortifications, and supplies, and of a planned surprise attack. Enoch Crosby, a counterintelligence officer, posed as an unsuspecting shoemaker (his civilian trade) to travel through southern New York state while infiltrating Loyalist cells. After the Tories started to suspect him when he kept \"\"escaping\"\" from the Americans, Crosby's superiors moved him to Albany, New York, where he resumed his undercover espionage. John Honeyman, an Irish weaver who had offered to spy for the Americans, used several covers (butcher,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12755653", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Swayze\"\nfor publishing an article written by Gourlay. He died near Niagara (Niagara-on-the-Lake) in 1828. Isaac Swayze Isaac Swayze (1751 – February 11, 1828) was a soldier and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Morris County, New Jersey in 1751 into a family of German immigrants. During the American Revolution, according to legend, he served as a secret agent for the British, was arrested, sentenced to death and escaped by exchanging clothes with his wife during a prison visit. In 1783, he was arrested by the British authorities at New York, having been suspected of committed a robbery,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13365502", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Russell (journalist)\"\nbut was refused because he was a minor. Later, in 1780 he was enlisted in the Revolutionary army, taking the place of his employer, Isaiah Thomas, who had received a draft notice. Benjamin's Rev. War Pension Application states, in his own handwriting, that he served as a private. He was never an officer. While in the army Russell was present at the execution of British spy, Major John André who had been working with American General Benedict Arnold to capture the key base at West Point, New York. Russell was a member of the guard who escorted Andre to his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3996878", "chunk_text": "\"Patriot (American Revolution)\"\nas Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, merchants such as Alexander McDougall and John Hancock, and farmers such as Daniel Shays and Joseph Plumb Martin. They also included slaves and freemen such as Crispus Attucks, the first martyr of the American Revolution; James Armistead Lafayette, who served as a double agent for the Continental Army; and Jack Sisson, leader of the first successful black operation mission in American history under the command of Colonel William Barton, resulting in the capture of British General Richard Prescott. The critics of British rule called themselves \"\"Whigs\"\" after 1768, identifying with members of the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18222585", "chunk_text": "\"Agent 355\"\nThe code itself may have referred to \"\"a woman,\"\" not an agent who was a woman. Agent 355 is thought to have played a major role in exposing Arnold and the arrest of Major John André, who was hanged in Tappan, New York. She may have been member of a prominent Loyalist family which would put her within easy reach of British commanders. Agent 355 was arrested in 1780 when Benedict Arnold defected to the Loyalists. She was imprisoned on , a prison ship, where she may have given birth to a boy named Robert Townsend, Jr. She later died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18528764", "chunk_text": "\"James Thacher\"\nat West Point in 1780 and supported the execution by George Washington of the British spy John André. James Thacher James Thacher (February 14, 1754 – May 26, 1844) was an American physician and writer, born in Barnstable, Mass. When Thacher was 16 he became an apprentice for Abner Hersey, a doctor from Barnstable, Mass. From 1775 to 1783 he was a surgeon in the Revolution, in the Massachusetts 16th Regiment. Afterward, he practiced in Plymouth, Mass. until his death. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1803. He was married to Susannah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5351771", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Surratt\"\nConspirator\"\", which was directed by Robert Redford. Charlene Sloan portrayed Surratt in the 2017 world premier of the stage play, \"\"The Judicial Murder of Mrs. Surratt\"\", by Rich Amada. Mary Surratt Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820 or May 1823 – July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the US federal government. She maintained her innocence until her death, and the case against her was and is controversial. Surratt was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9699761", "chunk_text": "\"François Henri de la Motte\"\nFrançois Henri de la Motte Francis Henry de la Motte, or François Henri de la Motte, was a French citizen and ex-French army officer executed in London for High Treason on 27 July 1781. He had been arrested in January 1781 on suspicion of being a spy, and held for six months in the Tower of London. At an Old Bailey trial on 23 July he was found guilty of running an operation which sent secret naval intelligence to France—a country which supported the rebellious American colonists, and with which Great Britain had been at war since 1778. Specifically, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012406", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nhad many of his New York business associates. He continued to serve as an undercover agent and used his personal finances to assist American patriots held prisoner in New York. He was arrested again in August 1778, accused this time of being an accomplice in a plot to burn the British fleet and to destroy His Majesty's warehouses in the city. Salomon was condemned to death for sabotage, but he bribed his guard while awaiting execution and escaped to Philadelphia. There he came into the open in the role for which he is best known, as an important financier of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6012402", "chunk_text": "\"Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War\"\nhundred men in an attack on the fort. The one hundred barrels of gunpowder taken in the raid were ultimately used by the Patriots to cover their retreat from Bunker Hill. Nathan Hale is probably the best known but least successful American agent in the War of Independence. He embarked on his espionage mission into British-held New York as a volunteer, impelled by a strong sense of patriotism and duty. Before leaving on the mission he reportedly told a fellow officer: \"\"I am not influenced by the expectation of promotion or pecuniary award; I wish to be useful, and every", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_722	who sang the song suddenly with olivia newton john?	n/a	[ "Cliff Richard" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11900927", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song)\"\nSuddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a song from the soundtrack album \"\"Xanadu\"\", and is the love theme from the 1980 film of the same name. The song is performed as a duet between Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard. It was written by John Farrar who also produced the record. \"\"Suddenly\"\" was released on Jet Records and reached No. 15 in the UK charts in October 1980 and No. 20 in the US in January 1981. It was also a major adult contemporary hit, reaching number four. The video shows them in a penthouse singing the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11900928", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song)\"\nto each other taken from her ABC TV special \"\"Hollywood Nights\"\" that aired before the Academy Awards on March 31st, 1981. The song was covered by Filipino singers Sam Milby and Toni Gonzaga on their gold album \"\"Love Duets\"\", released February 20, 2009, also released as a single. Suddenly (Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a song from the soundtrack album \"\"Xanadu\"\", and is the love theme from the 1980 film of the same name. The song is performed as a duet between Olivia Newton-John and Cliff Richard. It was written by John Farrar who also produced the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525978", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nfilm was a critical failure, its soundtrack (No. 4 Pop) was certified double platinum boasting five Top 20 singles on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Newton-John charted with \"\"Magic\"\" (No. 1 Pop, No. 1 AC), \"\"Suddenly\"\" with Cliff Richard (No. 20 Pop, No. 4 AC) and the title song with the Electric Light Orchestra (No. 8 Pop, No. 2 AC). (ELO also charted with \"\"I'm Alive\"\" (No. 16 Pop, No. 48 AC) and \"\"All Over the World\"\" (No. 13 Pop, No. 46 AC).) \"\"Magic\"\" was Newton-John's biggest Pop hit to that point (four weeks at No. 1) and still ranks as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20457271", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Billy Ocean song)\"\nSuddenly (Billy Ocean song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a popular song from 1985 written and performed by the Trinidadian-born, British-based pop music singer Billy Ocean. It is the title track to the singer's 1984 breakthrough album, which was produced by Keith Diamond. Released as the third single from the album (following the success of \"\"Caribbean Queen\"\" and \"\"Loverboy\"\"), the ballad, \"\"Suddenly\"\", reached the top five on the UK Singles Chart in mid-1985, peaking at number four. The song reached the same chart peak on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in the US, spending two weeks at number four in June of that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16182911", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)\"\nSuddenly (Toni Braxton song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \"\"Libra\"\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \"\"\"\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \"\"Sundown\"\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9992014", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)\"\nSuddenly (Toni Braxton song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \"\"Libra\"\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \"\"\"\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \"\"Sundown\"\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20723064", "chunk_text": "\"I'm No Hero\"\nfailed to sustain as lengthy a run in the Top 75 as his previous album. The delayed release of the second single was most likely due to the release of \"\"Suddenly\"\", a duet with Olivia Newton-John, which had been featured on the \"\" Xanadu \"\" soundtrack. This was also a top 20 hit in the UK and US - making this the most successful period for Cliff Richard in the American market. The album received positive reviews and kept Richard high in the charts during this, his revival period. It was also the last time he would appear in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12827068", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly Last Summer (song)\"\nturned to fall. Tennessee Williams, writer of the earlier same-named 1958 off-Broadway one-act play, died in February 1983, the same month The Motels returned to the studio to record \"\"Little Robbers\"\". The song was included on the 1990 compilation album, \"\"No Vacancy: Best of the Motels\"\". The B-side of the 7\"\" single was \"\"Some Things Never Change.\"\" The song has appeared on the soundtrack of the TV show \"\"Breaking Bad\"\". Suddenly Last Summer (song) \"\"Suddenly Last Summer\"\" is a hit song by new wave band the Motels. It was the lead-off 45 from their RIAA Gold-certified fourth album \"\"Little Robbers\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525977", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nchart. Newton-John released the B-side, \"\"Dancin' 'Round and 'Round\"\", of the \"\"Totally Hot\"\" single to Country radio peaking at No. 29 (as well as No. 82 Pop and No. 25 AC), becoming her last charted solo Country airplay single to date. Newton-John began 1980 by releasing \"\"I Can't Help It\"\" (No. 12 Pop, No. 8 AC), a duet with Andy Gibb from his \"\"After Dark\"\" album, and by starring in her third television special, \"\"Hollywood Nights.\"\" Later that year, she appeared in her first film since \"\"Grease\"\" starring in the musical \"\"Xanadu\"\" with Gene Kelly and Michael Beck. Although the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1087608", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly Last Summer (song)\"\nbeat and another with a semi-tropical beat. Lead singer Martha Davis has said in various radio interviews that she wrote the song while reflecting on her life and \"\"how you know summer is ending when you hear the ice cream truck go by for the last time and you know he won't be back for a while\"\". An ice cream truck appears throughout the music video (directed by Val Garay, the single's producer), which also features one of Davis' daughters (presumably Maria) and actor Robert Carradine as Davis' love interest. The single began climbing the Hot 100 as that summer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13678883", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nOlivia Newton-John Olivia Newton-John, (born 26 September 1948) is an English-Australian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur, and activist. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other top ten \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 singles, and two number-one \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles (including two platinum) and 14 of her albums (including two platinum and four double platinum) have been certified gold by the RIAA. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. She starred in the musical film \"\"Grease\"\", and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525984", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nof the album's ten tracks (concept videos for the album's singles \"\"Soul Kiss\"\" and \"\"Toughen Up\"\" as well as performance videos of the tracks \"\"Culture Shock\"\", \"\"Emotional Tangle\"\" and \"\"The Right Moment\"\"). After a nearly three-year hiatus following the birth of her daughter Chloe in January 1986, Newton-John resumed her recording career with the 1988 album, \"\"The Rumour.\"\" The album was promoted by an HBO special, \"\"Olivia Down Under\"\", and its first single, the title track, was written and produced by Elton John. Both the single (No. 62 Pop, No. 33 AC) and the album (No. 67 Pop) fizzled as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20457272", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Billy Ocean song)\"\nyear. It peaked at number five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart and spent two weeks at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" adult contemporary chart. The music video features Billy Ocean performing the song live before an audience. Suddenly (Billy Ocean song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a popular song from 1985 written and performed by the Trinidadian-born, British-based pop music singer Billy Ocean. It is the title track to the singer's 1984 breakthrough album, which was produced by Keith Diamond. Released as the third single from the album (following the success of \"\"Caribbean Queen\"\" and \"\"Loverboy\"\"), the ballad, \"\"Suddenly\"\", reached the top five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1174989", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Ashley Tisdale song)\"\nSuddenly (Ashley Tisdale song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a single from Ashley Tisdale's debut album \"\"Headstrong\"\", the song was released in Germany on May 2, 2008, as her fourth single there. The song was not released in the United States, and was her debut album's final single. The song is written by Tisdale and Janice Robinson and is produced by Guy Roche. She performed the song the first and only time at the \"\"75th Rockefeller Christmas Tree\"\" on New York City, United States. \"\"Music Beat\"\" moderately positively reviewed the song, though they claim Tisdale's vocals are not strong enough for a big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619679", "chunk_text": "\"Twist of Fate (Olivia Newton-John song)\"\nTwist of Fate (Olivia Newton-John song) \"\"Twist of Fate\"\" is a late 1983 hit from Olivia Newton-John that headed the soundtrack for the film, \"\"Two of a Kind\"\", starring Newton-John and \"\"Grease\"\" co-star, John Travolta. It was written by Peter Beckett & Stephen Kipner and produced by David Foster for the film. It reached number four in Australia and Canada, while peaking at number five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in January 1984, becoming one of Newton-John's last big hits. The track was her last Top-10 to date. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as number 42 on its listing of the top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6401412", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Angry Anderson song)\"\nSuddenly (Angry Anderson song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a power ballad by Angry Anderson from his first solo album, \"\"Beats From a Single Drum.\"\" Released in Australia in July 1987 and in the UK in late-1988, the song became Anderson's biggest hit, reaching number 2 in the ARIA Singles Chart, and number 3 in the UK Singles Chart. There were two music videos made in 1987 for this song. Part of the song's chart success is attributed to it being used in the Australian soap \"\"Neighbours\"\" (\"\"Episode 523\"\"), during the wedding of the characters Scott Robinson and Charlene Mitchell, which was viewed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6401414", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Angry Anderson song)\"\nopening scene and throughout the episode. More recently, the song has regularly been played for nostalgia purposes at social and university reunions. The Australian singer Sam Clark covered the song for his first studio album, \"\"Take Me Home\"\". Clark's version was used in Neighbours episode 5998 broadcast on 25 August 2010 (13 October 2010 in the UK), as his character, Ringo Brown, married Donna Freedman (Margot Robbie). Clark released his version of \"\"Suddenly\"\" in the United Kingdom as a double A-side with \"\"Devastated\"\". Suddenly (Angry Anderson song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a power ballad by Angry Anderson from his first solo album,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11855571", "chunk_text": "\"Electric Light Orchestra\"\nELO to headline the August 1979 Knebworth Festival concerts. That allowed Led Zeppelin the chance to headline instead. In 1980 Jeff Lynne was asked to write for the soundtrack of the musical film \"\"Xanadu\"\", with the other half written by John Farrar and performed by the film's star Olivia Newton-John. The movie performed poorly at the box office, but the soundtrack did exceptionally well, eventually going double platinum. The album spawned hit singles from both Newton-John (\"\"Magic\"\", a #1 hit in the United States, and \"\"Suddenly\"\" with Cliff Richard) and ELO (\"\"I'm Alive\"\", which went gold, \"\"All Over the World\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525991", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\ncancer patients must take on their road to recovery. She released a companion CD, \"\"A Celebration in Song,\"\" the following month in Australia and later worldwide featuring new and previously recorded duets by \"\"Olivia Newton-John & Friends\"\", including Jann Arden, Jimmy Barnes, John Farrar, Barry Gibb, Delta Goodrem, Sun Ho, Richard Marx, Cliff Richard, Melinda Schneider, Amy Sky, and Keith Urban. Newton-John was featured in UniGlobe Entertainment's breast cancer docu-drama, \"\"1 a Minute\"\", released in October 2010. The documentary was made by actress Namrata Singh Gujral and featured other celebrities who had survived breast cancer or who were affected by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "163466", "chunk_text": "\"Dreamin' (Cliff Richard song)\"\n(U.S. #2) was on the charts concurrently with \"\"Dreaming\"\" during the last four months of 1980. Both songs were produced by Alan Tarney. The release of the follow-up single from Richard's \"\"I'm No Hero\"\" album, \"\"A Little in Love\"\" was delayed by the release of his duet with Olivia Newton-John \"\"Suddenly,\"\" from the \"\"\"\"Xanadu\"\"\"\" soundtrack. Dreamin' (Cliff Richard song) \"\"Dreamin'\"\" (\"\"Dreaming\"\" in U.S.) is a song recorded by Cliff Richard from his 1980 album, \"\"I'm No Hero\"\". The track was the first of three single releases and was the biggest hit from the album. \"\"Dreaming\"\" became Richard's third and final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9847917", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly (Ashley Tisdale song)\"\nthe start of the trilogy in the video \"\"He Said She Said\"\". Suddenly (Ashley Tisdale song) \"\"Suddenly\"\" is a single from Ashley Tisdale's debut album \"\"Headstrong\"\", the song was released in Germany on May 2, 2008, as her fourth single there. The song was not released in the United States, and was her debut album's final single. The song is written by Tisdale and Janice Robinson and is produced by Guy Roche. She performed the song the first and only time at the \"\"75th Rockefeller Christmas Tree\"\" on New York City, United States. \"\"Music Beat\"\" moderately positively reviewed the song,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8817532", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly Last Summer (song)\"\nSuddenly Last Summer (song) \"\"Suddenly Last Summer\"\" is a hit song by new wave band the Motels. It was the lead-off 45 from their RIAA Gold-certified fourth album \"\"Little Robbers\"\". The single entered the Billboard Hot 100 at #60 on September 3, 1983 and peaked at #9 on November 19, 1983. \"\"Suddenly Last Summer\"\" peaked at number 18 on the Adult Contemporary chart and hit #1 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Top Tracks chart, the only instance of a Motels song topping any US music chart. Two bootleg dance versions have been made of the song, one with a techno-like dance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19779532", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly Mary\"\nSuddenly Mary \"\"Suddenly Mary\"\" is a song by the American alternative rock band The Posies, released as the second single released from its major label debut album \"\"Dear 23\"\" in 1991. The single was also available as a promo CD with exactly the same title, only with the word \"\"Promotional\"\" printed on it in orange ink. (The photo here is of the US promo single.) The art direction was by bassist Rick (Arthur) Roberts; the inside gatefold photo is of the wedding cake from the front cover, burning. There is another \"\"Suddenly Mary\"\" promo CD, in a thin cardboard envelope", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10789280", "chunk_text": "\"Heart Attack (Olivia Newton-John song)\"\nHeart Attack (Olivia Newton-John song) \"\"Heart Attack\"\" was one of two new songs recorded for the 1982 double platinum greatest hits package titled \"\"Olivia's Greatest Hits Vol. 2\"\". The song was the first single released from the album and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. The success of \"\"Physical\"\" led to an international tour and the release of her second hits collection, the double platinum \"\"Olivia's Greatest Hits Vol. 2\"\" (No. 16 Pop), which yielded two more Top 40 singles: \"\"Heart Attack\"\" (No. 3 Pop) and \"\"Tied Up\"\" (No. 38 Pop). In 1983, Alvin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7101068", "chunk_text": "\"If Not for You\"\nMadison Square Garden, on 16 October 1992 during the all-star concert celebrating Dylan's first three decades in the music industry. Backed by the house band for the night, Harrison performed \"\"startling versions\"\" of \"\"If Not for You\"\" and \"\"Absolutely Sweet Marie\"\", but only the latter found its way onto the officially released album the following August. The musicians who performed on Harrison's studio version of the song are believed to be as follows: Basing her version on the Harrison arrangement rather than Dylan's arrangement, singer Olivia Newton-John enjoyed considerable international success with \"\"If Not for You\"\". It was the title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525962", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nfiction musical\"\" film and recorded an accompanying soundtrack album, on RCA records, both named after the group. That same year the group made two single recordings, \"\"You're My Baby Now/Goin' Back\"\" and \"\"I Could Never Live Without Your Love/Roll Like A River\"\". Neither track became a chart success and the project failed with the group disbanding. Newton-John released her first solo album, \"\"If Not For You\"\" (US No. 158 Pop), in 1971. The title track, written by Bob Dylan and previously recorded by former Beatle George Harrison for his 1970 album \"\"All Things Must Pass\"\", was her first international hit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5618464", "chunk_text": "\"I Honestly Love You\"\nI Honestly Love You \"\"I Honestly Love You\"\" (first released in Australia as \"\"I Love You, I Honestly Love You\"\", per its chorus) was a worldwide pop hit single for Olivia Newton-John in 1974. The song was Newton-John's first number-one single in the United States and Canada. Released on the \"\"Long Live Love\"\" album in the United Kingdom by EMI, it was eventually released on the album \"\"If You Love Me, Let Me Know\"\" in the United States on MCA. The song was written by Jeff Barry and the Australian composer Peter Allen; the latter recorded it around the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4093113", "chunk_text": "\"Magic (Olivia Newton-John song)\"\nMagic (Olivia Newton-John song) \"\"Magic\"\" is a 1980 song performed by Olivia Newton-John, from the soundtrack to the film \"\"Xanadu\"\". The song was number 1 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for four weeks beginning on August 2, 1980. On August 30, it was displaced from the top by \"\"Sailing\"\" by Christopher Cross. It was her 25th American chart hit, and her 10th of 12 records which went Gold or higher. \"\"Magic\"\" was also her biggest pop hit until \"\"Physical\"\" ruled the Hot 100 for ten weeks beginning in November 1981. \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine ranked \"\"Magic\"\" as the third most popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17039288", "chunk_text": "\"Ode to Olivia\"\nsong was, however, overshadowed by its single's B-side, \"\"I Want to Hold You in My Dreams Tonight\"\", which became Parton's first hit. The early 1970s saw a big controversy in the country music scene over the success of country pop, a subgenre which was deemed \"\"not real country\"\" by country tradicionalists. The height of this controversy happened in 1974, when Australian singer Olivia Newton-John won a Country Music Association Award for Female Vocalist of the Year and a Grammy Award Best Country Vocal Performance, Female for her 1973 hit single \"\"Let Me Be There\"\". Angered for a recognition of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1527144", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Carmen\"\nAgainst the Current\"\", came out in the summer of 1977 and received strong reviews. It featured backup players such as Burton Cummings, Andrew Gold, Bruce Johnston and Nigel Olsson. The album spent 13 weeks in the Billboard Album chart, peaking number 45. It also produced the Top 20 single \"\"She Did It,\"\" but the title track only managed to scrape the bottom of the chart. The title track was later covered by Olivia Newton-John on her album \"\"Totally Hot\"\". A third single taken from the album, \"\"Marathon Man,\"\" became his first solo single not to hit the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14310124", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly I See\"\nSuddenly I See \"\"Suddenly I See\"\" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter KT Tunstall and is featured on her debut album, \"\"Eye to the Telescope\"\". It was released on 29 August 2005 as the third single (second single in United States) from the album, charting at number 12 in the UK Singles Chart (see 2005 in British music). The single was Tunstall's only top 50 hit in Australia, where it charted at number six on the ARIA Singles Chart. It was also certified gold by ARIA for sales of 35,000 copies. The song is Tunstall's highest charting in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2836440", "chunk_text": "\"Face to Face (Barry Gibb and Olivia Newton-John song)\"\nFace to Face (Barry Gibb and Olivia Newton-John song) \"\"Face to Face\"\" is a ballad performed by Barry Gibb and Olivia Newton-John. It was released as a single from Gibb's 1984 album \"\"Now Voyager\"\" in Germany and Spain. It was also released in Brazil by Mercury Records. It was released as a single in the Philippines with \"\"Temptation\"\" as the B-side. It was also included on Newton-John's compilation \"\"Love Songs\"\" (2004, Japan exclusive). It is one of the two songs on the album along with \"\"She Says\"\" that was not featured on the 1984 film \"\"Now Voyager\"\" starring Gibb himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10754909", "chunk_text": "\"John Farnham\"\nwith a performance of \"\"You're the Voice\"\". Farnham also won 'Best Adult Contemporary Album' for \"\"The Last Time\"\". 2002 Hall of Fame inductee was Olivia Newton-John, while in 2004 Little River Band was inducted. Combining with singer Tom Jones, Farnham undertook the Together in Concert series during 2004 with ten shows in Perth, Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne. Duets started with \"\"That Driving Beat\"\" and \"\"Mama Told Me Not to Come\"\", solos from Farnham were \"\"One\"\", \"\"Pressure Down\"\", \"\"That's Freedom\"\", \"\"Heart's on Fire\"\", \"\"Playing to Win\"\", \"\"Every Time You Cry\"\", \"\"Man of the Hour\"\", \"\"Age of Reason\"\", and \"\"Burn for You\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828553", "chunk_text": "\"Two Strong Hearts Live\"\nsides, like Farnham blitzing 'Over the Rainbow' and Livvie cutting loose with rock wailing on 'Hit the Road Jack'. That’s another one of the joys here, we rarely get to hear Olivia live and from the divine thrills of 'Xanadu' to the spine chills of I Honestly Love You it’s our loss. On the Grease favourites 'Summer Nights' and 'You’re the One That I Want', Farnham slips into John Travolta mode [and] Farnham sings 'Olivia Newton-John' better than ONJ’s original duet partner Cliff Richard\"\". Band Personnel: Angus Burchall - Drums Craig Newman - Bass Guitar Stuart Fraser - Guitar Chong", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5185317", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Physical\"\nOlivia Physical Olivia Physical is a 1982 video collection featuring the singer Olivia Newton-John and various of her songs, most from the album \"\"Physical\"\". A somewhat expanded version of the video was aired as an ABC prime-time television special, \"\"Let's Get Physical\"\", which was in the top 10 of the Nielsen ratings. In 1983 the video received a Grammy Award as Video of the Year. Newton-John was one of the first artists to invest in music videos. The 1978 album \"\"Totally Hot\"\" was her first one to features videos accompanying all the singles from the album, but they were very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17039287", "chunk_text": "\"Ode to Olivia\"\nOde to Olivia \"\"Ode to Olivia\"\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Stella Parton. It appears on Parton's debut solo album, \"\"I Want to Hold You in My Dreams Tonight\"\", released in 1975. Written by Parton and Bob G. Dean, \"\"Ode to Olivia\"\" is a response to the criticism Australian singer Olivia Newton-John was receiving at the time by some artists of the American country music community for allegedly not being a \"\"true\"\" country singer. The song contains references to a number of Newton-John songs. \"\"Ode to Olivia\"\" was released as Parton's debut single, by Country Soul Records. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525966", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\n2 Country (her best country position to date) and No. 2 AC. The next single, \"\"I Honestly Love You\"\", became Newton-John's signature song. Written and composed by Jeff Barry and Peter Allen, the ballad became her first number-one Pop (two weeks), second number-one AC (three weeks) and third Top 10 Country (No. 6) hit and earned Newton-John two more Grammys for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance-Female. The success of both singles helped the album reach No. 1 on both the Pop (one week) and Country (eight weeks) Albums charts. Newton-John's country success sparked a debate among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12538911", "chunk_text": "\"Dennis Tufano\"\nretitled \"\"Without Us\"\". As an actor, voiceover artist and sometimes stuntman, Tufano has also appeared in theater productions in Los Angeles and has worked in film, television, radio and commercials. Back on the road, Tufano joined Olivia Newton-John on one of her hugely successful tours, and was noted for his duets with her, including “Suddenly,” and “You’re the One that I Want.” The duets were also featured on Newton-John’s HBO Special, which aired in January 1983. Dennis Tufano also composed music, and performed with Bernie Taupin, Elton John's lyricist, on Taupin's album, \"\"He Who Rides the Tiger\"\". Subsequently, for Taupin’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6901153", "chunk_text": "\"Unexpected Song\"\nUnexpected Song \"\"Unexpected Song\"\" is a 1984 song from the musical \"\"Song & Dance\"\" originally sung (on Broadway) by Bernadette Peters. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Don Black. A single was released by Sarah Brightman. Originally released by Marti Webb and Justin Hayward as a duet in 1981 the song had new lyrics penned for the original 1982 production of the show and was re-titled \"\"When You Want to Fall in Love\"\". The original lyrics were re-instated when the show was re-written for Brightman's run. It was later used in Lloyd Webber's and Black's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5838236", "chunk_text": "\"A Celebration in Song\"\nin Melbourne, Australia. The songs \"\"Never Far Away\"\" (with Richard Marx) and \"\"Sunburned Country\"\" (with Keith Urban) originally belong to Newton-John's 2002 duets album, \"\"(2)\"\". The song \"\"Beautiful Thing\"\" was taken from Belinda Emmett's album \"\"So I Am\"\" and the track is \"\"dedicated with love\"\" to her. From the album booklet: The Olivia Newton-John and Friends: Gala Fundraising Concert was a one-night only concert based in the album. The concert was held at the State Theatre in Sydney on 30 September 2008 to raise funds for the Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre Appeal. A Celebration in Song A Celebration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525963", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\n(US No. 25 Pop, No. 1 Adult Contemporary (\"\"AC\"\"). Her follow-up single, \"\"Banks of the Ohio\"\", was a top 10 hit in the UK and Australia. She was voted Best British Female Vocalist two years in a row by the magazine \"\"Record Mirror\"\". She made frequent appearances on Cliff Richard's weekly show, \"\"It's Cliff Richard\"\", and starred with him in the telefilm \"\"The Case\"\". In the United States, Newton-John's career floundered after \"\"If Not For You\"\". Subsequent singles including \"\"Banks of the Ohio\"\" (No. 94 Pop, No. 34 AC) and remakes of George Harrison's \"\"What Is Life\"\" (No. 34 AC)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1161092", "chunk_text": "\"Physical (Olivia Newton-John song)\"\nPhysical (Olivia Newton-John song) \"\"Physical\"\" is a song by the British-born Australian singer Olivia Newton-John for her twelfth studio album \"\"Physical\"\". It was released in September 1981, by MCA Records as the lead single from the project. The song was written by Steve Kipner and Terry Shaddick, who originally intended to offer it to British singer-songwriter Rod Stewart, while production was handled by John Farrar. The song had also been offered to Tina Turner by her manager at the time, but she turned it down, and the song went to Newton-John who shared manager Roger Davies with Turner at this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6218588", "chunk_text": "\"Clearly Love\"\nClearly Love Clearly Love is an album by Olivia Newton-John, released in September 1975. The album's peak of number 12 in the US was also something of a disappointment, considering that Newton-John's previous two albums, \"\"If You Love Me, Let Me Know\"\" and \"\"Have You Never Been Mellow\"\", had both reached number 1. Nevertheless, the album did earn a Gold certification, and both of the album's singles were Top 20 country chart hits, with \"\"Something Better to Do\"\" reaching number 19 and \"\"Let It Shine\"\" (written by Nashville songwriter Linda Hargrove) reaching 5. In the United Kingdom it was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11298969", "chunk_text": "\"Continental American\"\nContinental American Continental American is the third studio album by Peter Allen, released in 1974. The album was his first for A&M Records, and is notable for the inclusion of Allen's version of his co-authored hit for Olivia Newton-John, among others, \"\"I Honestly Love You\"\". Allen's previous two studio albums, \"\"Peter Allen\"\" (1971) and \"\"Tenterfield Saddler\"\" (1972) had been released on Metromedia Records, with modest results. Prior to the release of \"\"Continental American\"\", Allen had assumed residency in New York City and had become a regular performer at the Reno Sweeney nightclub, owned and operated by composer Lewis Friedman between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1048385", "chunk_text": "\"Totally Hot\"\nTotally Hot Totally Hot is Olivia Newton-John's ninth US and tenth international studio album. Released in November 1978, it became her first solo Top 10 (No. 7) album since 1975's \"\"Have You Never Been Mellow\"\". Dressed on the album cover all in leather, Newton-John's transformation was seen to mirror her character Sandy's transformation in \"\"Grease\"\". The album's singles \"\"A Little More Love\"\" (No. 3 Pop, No. 94 Country, No. 4 AC), \"\"Deeper Than the Night\"\" (No. 11 Pop, No. 87 Country, No. 4 AC), and the title track (No. 52 Pop) all demonstrated a more aggressive and uptempo sound for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12375423", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nthen University High School, near to Ormond College. At 14, Newton-John formed a short-lived all-girl group, Sol Four, with three classmates often performing in a coffee shop owned by her brother-in-law. She became a regular on local Australian radio and television shows including HSV-7's \"\"The Happy Show\"\" where she performed as \"\"Lovely Livvy\"\". She also appeared on \"\"The Go!! Show\"\" where she met future duet partner, singer Pat Carroll, and future music producer, John Farrar (Carroll and Farrar would later marry). She entered and won a talent contest on the television program \"\"Sing, Sing, Sing,\"\" hosted by 1960s Australian icon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7821885", "chunk_text": "\"Suddenly There's a Valley\"\nSuddenly There's a Valley \"\"Suddenly There's a Valley\"\" is a popular song written by Chuck Meyer and Biff Jones and published in 1955. The song was a major hit for Gogi Grant (one of only two major ones she had, and one of three that charted for her) in 1955. Her recording was issued by Era Records as catalog number 1003 and reached \"\"Billboard\"\"'s Top 100 chart, peaking at No. 14. On the Cash Box Best-Selling Record chart, where all versions were combined, the song reached #8. In the United Kingdom, a 1955 version by Petula Clark became a Top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "525968", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\n\"\"Don't Stop Believin'\"\", in Nashville. Encouraged by expatriate Australian singer Helen Reddy, Newton-John left the UK and moved to the US. Newton-John topped the Pop (one week) and Country (six weeks) Albums charts with her next album, \"\"Have You Never Been Mellow.\"\" The album generated two singles – the John Farrar-penned title track (No. 1 Pop, No. 3 Country, No. 1 AC) and \"\"Please Mr. Please\"\" (No. 3 Pop, No. 5 Country, No. 1 AC). However, her pop career cooled with the release of her next album, \"\"Clearly Love.\"\" Her streak of five consecutive gold Top 10 singles on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13678888", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John\"\nJohnny O'Keefe, performing the songs \"\"Anyone Who Had a Heart\"\" and \"\"Everything's Coming Up Roses\"\". She was initially reluctant to use the prize she had won, a trip to Great Britain, but traveled there nearly a year later after her mother encouraged her to broaden her horizons. Newton-John recorded her first single, \"\"Till You Say You'll Be Mine\"\", in Britain for Decca Records in 1966. While in Britain, Newton-John missed her then-boyfriend, Ian Turpie, with whom she had co-starred in the Australian telefilm, \"\"Funny Things Happen Down Under\"\". She repeatedly booked trips back to Australia which her mother would subsequently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9340740", "chunk_text": "\"Olivia Newton-John videography\"\nGet Physical\"\", with the music video for \"\"Physical\"\" and new music videos for the \"\"Physical\"\" album and the \"\"\"\" and \"\"Xanadu\"\" soundtracks. The special was a success and received a home video release with two new music videos added (\"\"Love Make Me Strong\"\" and \"\"Falling\"\"), as \"\"Olivia Physical\"\". The video won a Grammy Award for Video of the Year and became an iconic piece of the popular culture. In 1983, another music video collection was released, \"\"Twist of Fate\"\". The music videos are from \"\"Two of a Kind\"\" soundtrack (\"\"Take a Chance\"\" is a duet with John Travolta, who appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_723	who is command sergeant major of the army?	n/a	[ "Daniel A. Dailey" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2808571", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel A. Dailey\"\na wife and son. Daniel A. Dailey Daniel A. Dailey (born January 11, 1969) is the current Sergeant Major of the Army of the United States Army. He was sworn in as the 15th Sergeant Major of the Army on January 30, 2015. He is the youngest soldier to serve in this position at 46 years old. Prior to his tenure as the Sergeant Major of the Army, he served as the Command Sergeant Major for the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. A native of Palmerton, Pennsylvania, Dailey entered the U.S. Army as an 11B (Infantryman) in 1989.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18917081", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant Major of the Army\"\nthe issues of enlisted soldiers to all officers, from warrant officers and lieutenants to the Army's highest positions. As such, he or she is the senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. The exact duties vary depending on the chief of staff, though much of the SMA's time is spent traveling throughout the Army, observing training and talking with soldiers and their families. Kenneth O. Preston held the rank from 15 January 2004 through 28 February 2011, the only incumbent to serve longer than four years. SMA Raymond F. Chandler III was succeeded by Command", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17818688", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel A. Dailey\"\nDaniel A. Dailey Daniel A. Dailey (born January 11, 1969) is the current Sergeant Major of the Army of the United States Army. He was sworn in as the 15th Sergeant Major of the Army on January 30, 2015. He is the youngest soldier to serve in this position at 46 years old. Prior to his tenure as the Sergeant Major of the Army, he served as the Command Sergeant Major for the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. A native of Palmerton, Pennsylvania, Dailey entered the U.S. Army as an 11B (Infantryman) in 1989. He enlisted at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5434104", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Preston\"\nfamily and their community. May 2013 to Present, Preston serves as the Vice President of noncommissioned officer and soldier programs at the Association of the United States Army (AUSA). AUSA is the Army's professional educational association and serves as a voice for the Army and support for the soldier. Kenneth Preston Kenneth O. Preston (born February 18, 1957) is a United States Army soldier who served as the Sergeant Major of the Army. He was sworn in as the 13th Sergeant Major of the Army on January 15, 2004. SMA Preston held a variety of leadership positions throughout his career", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8291220", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Preston\"\nKenneth Preston Kenneth O. Preston (born February 18, 1957) is a United States Army soldier who served as the Sergeant Major of the Army. He was sworn in as the 13th Sergeant Major of the Army on January 15, 2004. SMA Preston held a variety of leadership positions throughout his career ranging from Sergeant to Sergeant Major of the Army. Preston is a native of Mount Savage, Maryland, and entered the U.S. Army on June 30, 1975. He attended Basic Training in A Company, 11th Training Battalion, 5th Training Brigade, Fort Knox, Kentucky and Armor Advanced Individual Training in D", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18917082", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant Major of the Army\"\nSergeant Major Daniel A. Dailey, on 30 January 2015. While the SMA is a non-commissioned officer, protocol places the SMA higher than all lieutenant generals (except for the Director of the Army Staff) for formal courtesies in addition to seating, billeting, transportation, and parking. The rank and position were based on those of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (established in its current incarnation on 23 May 1957). The Chief of Staff of the Army created the position in 1966 after asking leaders of the major commands for a personal recommendation. He asked that it not be considered a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13125324", "chunk_text": "\"Mark A. Milley\"\nIraq War study remained unpublished by the Army. Milley has had multiple operational deployments including: Mark A. Milley Mark Alexander Milley (born June 20, 1958) is a four-star general in the United States Army and the 39th and current Chief of Staff of the Army. He previously served as the 21st commanding general of United States Army Forces Command from August 15, 2014 to August 9, 2015. As the Army Chief of Staff, Milley is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army. On December 8, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Milley to serve as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3117695", "chunk_text": "\"Mark A. Milley\"\nMark A. Milley Mark Alexander Milley (born June 20, 1958) is a four-star general in the United States Army and the 39th and current Chief of Staff of the Army. He previously served as the 21st commanding general of United States Army Forces Command from August 15, 2014 to August 9, 2015. As the Army Chief of Staff, Milley is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army. On December 8, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Milley to serve as the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Born in Winchester, Massachusetts, Milley attended the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427426", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Combined Arms Center\"\nGeneral Robert L. Caslen, Jr. from Feb 10 to Sep 11 Lieutenant General David G. Perkins from Nov 11 to Feb 14 Lieutenant General Robert B. Brown from Feb 14 to Apr 16 Lieutenant General Michael Lundy from Apr 16 to present Command Sergeant Major Eric C. Dostie 2018-Present Command Sergeant Major David Turnbull 2014-2018 Command Sergeant Major Jeffrey W. Wright 2013-2014 Command Sergeant Major Christopher K. Greca 2011-2013 Command Sergeant Major Philip F. Johndrow 2008-2011 Command Sergeant Major David M. Bruner 2007-2008 Command Sergeant major Cory N. McCarty 2005-2007 Command Sergeant Major John D. Sparks 2003-2005 Command Sergeant Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18488916", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Lanza\"\nStephen Lanza Stephen Lanza (born May 10, 1957) is a United States Army lieutenant general who served as commanding general, I Corps at Joint Base Lewis–McChord, from February 6, 2014 to April 3, 2017. He transferred authority on April 3, 2017 to LTG Gary J. Volesky, and retired from active service on June 2, 2017. Lanza was commissioned into the Field Artillery in 1980, after graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point. He is a graduate of the United States Army Command and General Staff College and the School for Advanced Military Studies at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18917080", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant Major of the Army\"\nSergeant Major of the Army The Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA) is a unique non-commissioned rank and position of office in the United States Army. The holder of this rank and position is the most senior enlisted member of the Army unless an Army Sergeant Major is serving as the senior enlisted advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in which case he or she would be the most senior enlisted member and the SMA will be the second-most senior enlisted member of the Army. The SMA is appointed to serve as a spokesman to address", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16809398", "chunk_text": "\"Ronald L. Green\"\nMarine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron 169 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2006. Green holds a B.A. in Cybersecurity and a M.A. in Cybersecurity Policy from the University of Maryland University College. Ronald L. Green Ronald L. Green is the 18th and current Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps succeeding Micheal Barrett on February 20, 2015. As the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, Green is the highest ranking noncommissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps. A native of Jackson, Mississippi, he attended recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina, on 27 November 1983.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4953538", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm B. Frost\"\nMalcolm B. Frost Malcolm Bradley Frost (born July 28, 1966) is a United States Army major general who currently serves as Commanding General, Center for Initial Military Training, United States Army, Training and Doctrine Command, Fort Eustis, VA since July, 2017.MG Frost most recently served as Chief of Public Affairs for the U.S. Army at the Pentagon in Washington, DC. Frost's previous assignment was Deputy Commanding General of the 82nd Airborne Division at Ft. Bragg, NC from March 2014 to March 2015. In March 2014, Frost completed his assignment as Deputy Director for Operations at the National Military Command Center,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16809396", "chunk_text": "\"Ronald L. Green\"\nRonald L. Green Ronald L. Green is the 18th and current Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps succeeding Micheal Barrett on February 20, 2015. As the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, Green is the highest ranking noncommissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps. A native of Jackson, Mississippi, he attended recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina, on 27 November 1983. He has been meritoriously promoted to the ranks of private first class, lance corporal, corporal, sergeant, and staff sergeant. Throughout his career, Green has been assigned numerous duties to include: field artillery cannoneer;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1947480", "chunk_text": "\"Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army\"\nThe incumbent Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, since June 2017, is General James C. McConville. The senior leadership of the U.S. Department of the Army consists of two civilians, the Secretary of the Army and the Under Secretary of the Army, as well as two commissioned officers, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff and the U.S. Army Vice Chief of Staff. Under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of the Army (who in turn is under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense) the Vice Chief of Staff assists the Chief of Staff on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17479780", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army enlisted rank insignia\"\nto have that rank. In a battalion or larger unit, the senior NCO is a sergeant major. The rank of sergeant major is usually carried by the senior NCO of the S-3 staff section in a battalion, regiment, or a brigade, and in most staff sections in larger units. The command sergeant major fills an advisory function, assisting the commander of a battalion, regiment, brigade, or higher formation in personnel matters. The Sergeant Major of the Army has a similar role assisting the Army Chief of Staff. In terms of command, the rank of a person typically determines what job", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19006518", "chunk_text": "\"David G. Perkins\"\nDavid G. Perkins David Gerard Perkins (born November 12, 1957) is a United States Army four-star general. who commanded the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. He retired during a ceremony in Washington, D.C. on March 9, 2018. Perkins was born in Goffstown, New Hampshire on November 12, 1957, and was raised in Keene, New Hampshire; Rochester, New York; and Fairport, New York. Perkins earned his Boy Scouts of America Eagle Scout award in 1974, and graduated from Fairport High School in 1976. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1980 and was commissioned as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2136885", "chunk_text": "\"Micheal Barrett\"\nMicheal Barrett Micheal P. \"\"Mike\"\" Barrett (born April 5, 1963) was the 17th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps succeeding Carlton W. Kent on June 9, 2011. As the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, Barrett was the highest ranking noncommissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps. He was succeeded by Ronald L. Green on February 20, 2015. Sergeant Major Barrett was born in 1963 and grew up in the Upstate New York town of Youngstown. He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at the age of 17, on March 16, 1981, and underwent recruit training at Delta Company,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17110863", "chunk_text": "\"Brigade Modernization Command\"\npackages and other capabilities to provide Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and Education, Personnel and Facilities recommendations to the Army. JMC gets capability solutions into the hands of soldiers faster than traditional channels by utilizing support from combat, training, and material developers and engineers early on in the development lifecycle. JMC's commanding general is Brig. Gen. Johnny K. Davis, who took command on June 14, 2018, succeeding BG Joel K. Tyler. \"\"JMC plans, prepares and executes Joint Warfighting Assessments (JWAs) and other concept and capability assessments (CCAs), provides objective analysis and feasible recommendations to enhance Joint/Multi-National Interoperability (JMNI) and inform", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19848542", "chunk_text": "\"Commanding General, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\"\nArmy. The current commanding general is General Stephen J. Townsend. Commanding General, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command The Commanding General of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC) is the head of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). They head approximately 27,000 soldiers and 11,000 civilians who work at 21 installations across the continental United States. As commander, one of their main duties is to study a number of ideas and initiatives as outlined in previous TRADOC Campaign Plans and create a plan of action for the future. Implementations made can affect TRADOC's 32", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19006522", "chunk_text": "\"David G. Perkins\"\nsucceeded at TRADOC by Stephen J. Townsend and retired one week later. Perkins and his wife Ginger are the parents of two children, Cassandra (Aviation) and Chad (Armor), both of whom are Captains in the Army as of March 2018. David G. Perkins David Gerard Perkins (born November 12, 1957) is a United States Army four-star general. who commanded the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. He retired during a ceremony in Washington, D.C. on March 9, 2018. Perkins was born in Goffstown, New Hampshire on November 12, 1957, and was raised in Keene, New Hampshire; Rochester, New York; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16007948", "chunk_text": "\"United States Department of the Army\"\nand priorities of the Secretary of the Army. Other key figures within the Army Staff are the Sergeant Major of the Army, the United States Army Judge Advocate General, the Chief of the Army Reserve, the United States Army Provost Marshal General, and the United States Army Surgeon General. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau was previously considered part of the Army Staff, but has been elevated to four-star rank and membership in the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Director of the Army National Guard and the Director of the Air National Guard (both three-star positions) report to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5498129", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Twitty\"\nStephen Twitty Stephen M. Twitty (born 1963) is a United States Army General Officer. Lieutenant General Twitty assumed command of First Army (United States) on July 15, 2016, relinquishing command to become deputy commander of EUCOM on 9 August 2018. Previously, he was commanding general of Fort Bliss and 1st Armored Division. Twitty was awarded the Silver Star Medal during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Noted for his relationship with journalist David Bloom, who was embedded with his battalion during the invasion of Iraq in 2003. He has served in five combat deployments, including tours in the Gulf War, Afghanistan, Iraq, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2325043", "chunk_text": "\"United States Secretary of the Army\"\nthe Department of War was split into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force. On 15 November 2017, Mark Esper was confirmed as the Secretary of the Army, and was sworn in to office on 20 November 2017. The Senior Leadership of the Department of the Army consists of two civilians—the Secretary of the Army and the Under Secretary of the Army—and two military officers of four-star rank—the Chief of Staff of the Army and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army. The Secretary of the Army () is in effect the chief executive officer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12300016", "chunk_text": "\"Jack C. Stultz\"\nJack C. Stultz Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. (born June 11, 1952) is a United States Army general who served as the Commanding General of the United States Army Reserve. Jack Calvin Stultz, Jr. was born in Leaksville North Carolina. He attended Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. He played and lettered in football from 1971 to 1973. Stultz entered active duty in 1974 after receiving his commission as an Engineer officer from the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. After completing the Engineer Officer Basic Course and Airborne School, he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388977", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Mattis\"\nJim Mattis James Norman Mattis (born September 8, 1950) is the 26th and current United States Secretary of Defense and a former United States Marine Corps general. Mattis commissioned in the Marine Corps through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps after graduating from Central Washington University. A career soldier, he gained a reputation for intellectualism and eventually advanced to the rank of general. Mattis served in the Persian Gulf War, Afghanistan, and Iraq. From 2007 to 2010, he commanded the United States Joint Forces Command and concurrently served as NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Transformation. His was Commander of United States Central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17261106", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant major\"\nNATO rank OR–9. The leadership variation—command sergeant major (CSM)—is the senior enlisted advisor to the commanding officer. The leadership position carries with it certain ceremonial functions such as caring for the unit's colors (flag). Additionally, CSMs serve as monitors of, and advocates for, the enlisted soldiers in the command. This position mostly exists in units of battalion size and larger. Because the CSM represents all of the enlisted soldiers in the command, CSMs assigned to units above brigade do not wear the collar insignia of his or her career specialty (e.g., infantry, quartermaster, intelligence, \"\"inter alia\"\"), but instead wears the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "869438", "chunk_text": "\"John W. Troxell\"\nCarolina at Chapel Hill. Command Sergeant Major Troxell's civilian education includes a Master's degree in Business Administration from TUI University in California. He is a Centurion of the Order of Saint Maurice (National Infantry Association). In September 2018 it was announced that Troxell had been suspended from his position following allegations of misconduct. Under investigation, Troxell will not hold the appointment as SEAC but will be re-assigned temporarily as Special Assistant to the Vice Director of the Joint Staff. John W. Troxell John Wayne Troxell (born 1964) is a United States Army command sergeant major, and is the third Senior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12300022", "chunk_text": "\"Jack C. Stultz\"\nretirement, Stultz serves on the Board of Directors of VSE Corporation in Alexandria, Virginia and as a private consultant to several major corporations and non-profit organizations. Jack C. Stultz Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. (born June 11, 1952) is a United States Army general who served as the Commanding General of the United States Army Reserve. Jack Calvin Stultz, Jr. was born in Leaksville North Carolina. He attended Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. He played and lettered in football from 1971 to 1973. Stultz entered active duty in 1974", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18098506", "chunk_text": "\"Army Sergeant Major\"\n1's usual rank badge within a wreath. Army Sergeant Major The Army Sergeant Major is the most senior member of the other ranks of the British Army. The appointment holder has the rank of Warrant Officer Class One. The appointment was created as part of the changes to the British Army's top ranks around February 2015. The holder will sit on the Executive Committee of the Army Board (ECAB) and work with the Secretary of State for Defence, top civil servants and other high-ranking members to shape British Army policy. The first appointment was made in March 2015. The Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "869434", "chunk_text": "\"John W. Troxell\"\nJohn W. Troxell John Wayne Troxell (born 1964) is a United States Army command sergeant major, and is the third Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This position makes him the most senior enlisted member of the United States Armed Forces. He enlisted in the United States Army in September 1982 as an armored reconnaissance specialist and graduated from One Station Unit Training at Fort Knox, Kentucky. Troxell has served in the army for over 30 years in numerous units throughout his career. They include the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment in Fort Bliss, Texas;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11008071", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Lanza\"\nD.C. His operational deployment experience includes Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Saudi Arabia; Operation Joint Guard, Bosnia-Herzegovina; Operation Iraqi Freedom, Iraq; and Operation New Dawn, Iraq. Stephen Lanza Stephen Lanza (born May 10, 1957) is a United States Army lieutenant general who served as commanding general, I Corps at Joint Base Lewis–McChord, from February 6, 2014 to April 3, 2017. He transferred authority on April 3, 2017 to LTG Gary J. Volesky, and retired from active service on June 2, 2017. Lanza was commissioned into the Field Artillery in 1980, after graduating from the United States Military Academy at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11098634", "chunk_text": "\"General of the Armies\"\nGeneral of the Armies The General of the Armies of the United States, or more commonly referred to as General of the Armies (abbreviated as GAS or Gas), is the highest possible rank in the United States Army. The rank is informally equated to that of a six-star general or Generalissimo and is currently one of the two highest possible operational ranks in the United States Armed Forces. The rank has been held only twice in history – once by an active-duty officer (John J. Pershing), and once by posthumous promotion to George Washington in 1976. The rank of General", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18171264", "chunk_text": "\"John M. Murray\"\nthe current ACOMs: FORSCOM, TRADOC and AMC, as well as the Army service component commands, such as USARPAC. Previous modernization efforts involved five and ten year plans, but a goal for AFC is to reduce the requirements definition stage from five years to one year. On July 16, 2018, then-Lieutenant General John M. Murray was nominated for a fourth star and appointment as Army Futures Command's first commanding general; his appointment was confirmed 20 August 2018. He assumed command on August 24, 2018. General Murray received his commission as an infantry officer via the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15539877", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\"\nearly 1950s, and OCAFF assumed that role in 1952. In 1955, CONARC assumed the mission. In 1962, HQ U.S. Army Combat Development Command (CDC) was established to bring the combat developments function under one major Army command. The current Commanding General is GEN Stephen J. Townsend. The Command Sergeant Major is currently CSM David S. Davenport. Comparable organizations United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Established 1 July 1973, the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is a command of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia. It is charged with overseeing training of Army forces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18917088", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant Major of the Army\"\nArmy. Like the SEAC's collar brass, the SEAC's positional color was patterned after the SMA's color. Sergeant Major of the Army The Sergeant Major of the Army (SMA) is a unique non-commissioned rank and position of office in the United States Army. The holder of this rank and position is the most senior enlisted member of the Army unless an Army Sergeant Major is serving as the senior enlisted advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in which case he or she would be the most senior enlisted member and the SMA will be the second-most senior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20811702", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant major\"\ninsignia) of Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (RSM-A). The sergeant-major of a unit is normally directly responsible to the commanding officer for all matters pertaining to dress, deportment, discipline, conduct, performance, standards and morale of the non-commissioned members (NCMs) of that unit. Sergeant majors are normally addressed as \"\"sir\"\" or \"\"ma'am\"\" by subordinates, and as \"\"sergeant major\"\" or by their full title (or its abbreviation) by superiors. In the British Armed Forces, the plural is \"\"sergeant majors\"\" and not \"\"sergeants major\"\" as it is in the United States. The appointment of sergeant major is given to the senior non-commissioned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5498136", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Twitty\"\nschool-age. Upon relinquishing command of First Army, Twitty noted that his grandfathers had served in First Army, in a segregated military, and that First Army's centenary would be 100 years, on the next day, 10 August 2018. Stephen Twitty Stephen M. Twitty (born 1963) is a United States Army General Officer. Lieutenant General Twitty assumed command of First Army (United States) on July 15, 2016, relinquishing command to become deputy commander of EUCOM on 9 August 2018. Previously, he was commanding general of Fort Bliss and 1st Armored Division. Twitty was awarded the Silver Star Medal during Operation Iraqi Freedom.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8576764", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel R. Hokanson\"\nDaniel R. Hokanson Daniel R. Hokanson (born June 27, 1963) is a United States Army officer who currently holds the rank of Lieutenant General and serves as Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau. His previous military assignments include deputy commander of United States Northern Command, adjutant general of the Oregon Military Department, and commander of the 41st Infantry Brigade Combat Team. He is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Just Cause. Daniel Robert Hokanson was born in Happy Camp, California on June 27, 1963, the son of Bob and Diann (Kieffer) Hokanson. He graduated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11702915", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Mattis\"\namong others: Mattis's civilian awards include: Jim Mattis James Norman Mattis (born September 8, 1950) is the 26th and current United States Secretary of Defense and a former United States Marine Corps general. Mattis commissioned in the Marine Corps through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps after graduating from Central Washington University. A career soldier, he gained a reputation for intellectualism and eventually advanced to the rank of general. Mattis served in the Persian Gulf War, Afghanistan, and Iraq. From 2007 to 2010, he commanded the United States Joint Forces Command and concurrently served as NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Transformation. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19848541", "chunk_text": "\"Commanding General, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command\"\nCommanding General, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command The Commanding General of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG TRADOC) is the head of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). They head approximately 27,000 soldiers and 11,000 civilians who work at 21 installations across the continental United States. As commander, one of their main duties is to study a number of ideas and initiatives as outlined in previous TRADOC Campaign Plans and create a plan of action for the future. Implementations made can affect TRADOC's 32 schools as well as other training throughout the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15213070", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Combined Arms Center\"\nto support joint, interagency and multinational operations anywhere in the world. The Combined Arms Center is organized along four basic levels: The commander exercises overall responsibility over assigned personnel and subordinate organizations to ensure that assigned missions are accomplished in the most efficient and effective manner possible. The Command Sergeant Major, by tradition, is responsible for the conduct and development of enlisted soldiers and non-commissioned officers across the command. The CAC Chief of Staff manages and oversees the activities of a coordinating staff and a special staff. The coordinating staff is focused on policy and procedure development for the command;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17261104", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant major\"\nappointment of Sergeant Major of the Army was created on July 4, 1966 and in 1979 received the unique grade of rank insignia of three chevrons above three arcs with two stars centered between the bottom chevron and the upper arc. In 1994 The insignia for Sergeant Major of the Army was changed to add the Coat of Arms of the United States between the two stars in the center of the insignia. The pin-on insignia is polished gold-plated with a black enamel background. The U.S. Marine Corps' first sergeant major was Archibald Sommers, appointed on January 1, 1801. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2821917", "chunk_text": "\"Raymond F. Chandler\"\nRaymond F. Chandler Raymond F. Chandler III (born August 25, 1962) was the 14th Sergeant Major of the Army in the United States. He was sworn in on March 1, 2011 and active on duty. Chandler served in all tank crewman positions and has had multiple tours as a troop, squadron and regimental master gunner. He has served in the 1st Infantry Division (FWD), 2nd Infantry Division, 4th Infantry Division, 1st Cavalry Division, 3rd Armored Division, 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, United States Army Armor School, and the United States Army Sergeants Major Academy. He also served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5139694", "chunk_text": "\"Tammy Smith\"\nfor lesbian, gay bisexual and transgender military partners and their families. On 11 February 2013, Hepner was announced as a personal guest of First Lady Michelle Obama for the 2013 State of the Union Address. Smith and her spouse Tracey Hepner are active in volunteer military family support events. Tammy Smith Tammy Smith (born c. 1963) is a major general of the U.S. Army Reserve. She received her confirmation to major general on July 13, 2016, and was formally promoted to the position in a ceremony at the U.S. Army Garrison Yongsan in Seoul, Korea. Major General Smith is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3381279", "chunk_text": "\"Edward M. Daly\"\nSTORM. He also served as Assistant Professor of Military Science at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. Daly’s awards and decorations include: Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Joint Service Commendation Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Army Achievement Medal, Combat Action Badge, and Parachutist Badge. Edward M. Daly Edward Michael Daly (born August 16, 1965) is a lieutenant general in the United States Army who serves as the Deputy Commanding General of the United States Army Materiel Command. He assumed duties as the deputy commanding general 7 August 2017. In his role,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16722091", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey W. Talley\"\nJeffrey W. Talley Lieutenant General Jeffrey W. Talley (born September 27, 1959) is a retired United States Army General and a Global Fellow for the IBM Center for the Business of Government. He was the 32nd Chief of Army Reserve (CAR) and 7th Commanding General, United States Army Reserve Command (USARC), from June 2012 to June 2016. Talley was responsible for leading an organization of approximately 215,000 Soldiers and civilians, 135 general officers and senior executives, 1100 reserve centers and training facilities, six installations, and equipment inventories valued at over $39 billion. Talley relinquished command on June 1, 2016. Talley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3731925", "chunk_text": "\"Tammy Smith\"\nTammy Smith Tammy Smith (born c. 1963) is a major general of the U.S. Army Reserve. She received her confirmation to major general on July 13, 2016, and was formally promoted to the position in a ceremony at the U.S. Army Garrison Yongsan in Seoul, Korea. Major General Smith is the deputy commanding general-sustainment for the Eighth Army. She also became the first female general officer to serve in an Eighth Army headquarters-level position. Prior to this position, she served as the commanding general of the 98th Training Division (Initial Entry Training), and served for a year in the Afghanistan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19888773", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Burr\"\nRick Burr Lieutenant General Richard Maxwell \"\"Rick\"\" Burr, (born 2 June 1964) is a senior officer in the Australian Army and the current Chief of Army since 2 July 2018. He served as Commander 1st Division from 2011 to 2012, Deputy Commanding General – Operations, United States Army Pacific from January 2013 to November 2014, and Deputy Chief of Army from 2015 to 2018. He was the first foreign general to be given a service component command within the United States Army. Burr was born in Renmark, South Australia, on 2 June 1964 to Maxwell Henry Burr and Lorelie Ann", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17818689", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel A. Dailey\"\nage of 17 prior to graduating high school. He attended Basic Training and Advanced Individual Training at Fort Benning, Georgia. As Sergeant Major of the Army, Dailey serves as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army's personal adviser on all enlisted-related matters, particularly in areas affecting soldier training and quality of life. His military education includes Basic Noncommissioned Officer's Course, the Bradley Master Gunner Course, the Advanced Noncommissioned Officer's Course, First Sergeants Course, the Force Management Course, the Keystone Course, the Sergeants Major Academy, and the Command Sergeants Major course. His civilian education includes a Bachelor of Science", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_724	who sings the original windmills of your mind?	n/a	[ "Noel Harrison" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8812416", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nWindmills\"\" which became a hit in the Netherlands, reaching #11 on the Dutch chart in November 1969. and Nr. 4 in the Turkish hit parade in April 1970. The lyrics for the French-language rendering of \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" were written by Eddy Marnay and this version, entitled \"\"Les Moulins de mon cœur\"\", was first recorded in 1968 by Marcel Amont who was resultantly afforded a minor French chart hit (peak #49). \"\"Les Moulins de mon coeur\"\" has subsequently been recorded by: In 1970 Helena Vondráčková, prior to recording \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" with its original English lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12823490", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nThe Windmills of Your Mind \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by Americans Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The French lyrics, under the title \"\"\"\", were written by Eddy Marnay. The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\" (1968), and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the same year. In 2004, \"\"Windmills of Your Mind\"\" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top songs in American cinema. A cover by Sting was used in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224269", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nrenderings of famous French-language songs. \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" has also been rendered as: The Windmills of Your Mind \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by Americans Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The French lyrics, under the title \"\"\"\", were written by Eddy Marnay. The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\" (1968), and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the same year. In 2004, \"\"Windmills of Your Mind\"\" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12823491", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\n1999 remake of \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\". In the original 1968 film \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\", the song is heard – sung by Noel Harrison – during opening credits; and, during the film, in a scene in which the character Thomas Crown flies a glider at the glider airport in Salem, New Hampshire: having edited the rough cut for this scene utilizing the Beatles track \"\"Strawberry Fields Forever\"\" producer/director Norman Jewison commissioned an original song be written for the glider scene which would reference the ambivalent feelings of Thomas Crown as he engages in a favorite pastime while experiencing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224266", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nfeat matched by Springfield's third subsequent single \"\"Brand New Me\"\" which therefore ties with \"\"The Windmills\"\" as having afforded Springfield her best-ever solo showing on a \"\"Billboard\"\" chart. \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" was recorded by José Feliciano for his 1969 album \"\"10 to 23\"\", and Feliciano performed the song on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969; the song's original singer Noel Harrison would later opine of Feliciano's performance: \"\"A wonderful musician and compelling singer, he made much too free with the beautiful melody in my humble opinion. But that's jazz.\"\" It was Feliciano's version of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20433554", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind (album)\"\nThe Windmills of Your Mind (album) The Windmills of Your Mind is an album by Paul Motian released on the German Winter & Winter label in 2011. The album was Motian's final release prior to his death in late 2011. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars, stating, \"\"\"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" is a collection of jazz and pop standards played by a stellar quartet \"\". The Guardian's John Fordham noted, \"\"Motian enlists Bill Frisell on guitar and Thomas Morgan on bass to turn the usual glides and smooches of these songs into a lurching,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11643617", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nand also on variety shows hosted by Rolf Harris and Scott Walker—when the song won the Academy Award on 14 April 1969, an endorsement which facilitated the Top Ten entry of Harrison's single on the UK chart dated 22 April 1969 with its chart peak of #8 effected two weeks later. \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" was performed on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969 by José Feliciano; Noel Harrison would recall: \"\"I was invited to sing it at the Academy Awards... but I was making a movie in England at the time, and the producer (who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224264", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nbroadcast the night of 14 April 1969; hearing \"\"The Windmills\"\" announced as the Best Song winner was these clerks' cue to drive a station wagon loaded with 2500 copies of a double-sided promo single of Springfield's version – identified on the label as \"\"Academy Award Winner\"\" – to the New York City general post office, where the copies of the single were mailed out to key radio stations across the US. Although its Hot 100 debut was not effected until the 5 May 1969 issue of \"\"Billboard\"\" and then with a #99 ranking, Springfield's \"\"The Windmills\"\" made a rapid ascent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224265", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nto the Top 40 being ranked at #40 on the Hot 100 dated 24 May 1969 only to stall over the subsequent three weeks peaking at #31 on the Hot 100 dated 14 June 1969 with only one additional week of Hot 100 tenure, being ranked at #45 on the 21 June 1969 chart. On the \"\"Cash Box\"\" chart, the song rose as high as #22. Local hit parades indicate that Springfield's \"\"Windmills\"\" had Top Ten impact in only select larger markets: Boston, Southern California, and Miami. The track did reach #3 on the Easy Listening chart in \"\"Billboard\"\" a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12823493", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\ntitle. That line is kind of interesting.' So we restructured the song so that the line appeared again at the end. It came out of the body of the song. I think we were thinking, you know when you try to fall asleep at night and you can't turn your brain off and thoughts and memories tumble.\"\" Noel Harrison recorded the song after Andy Williams passed on it: according to Harrison: \"\"It was recorded live on a huge sound stage at Paramount, with the accompanying film clips running on a giant screen and Michel blowing kisses to the orchestra.\"\" Harrison", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12823492", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\ntension of preparing to commit a major robbery. Alan Bergman: \"\"Michel [Legrand] played us [ie. Alan and Marilyn Bergman] seven or eight melodies. We listened to all of them and decided to wait until the next day to choose one. We three decided on the same one, a long baroque melody... The lyric we wrote was stream-of-consciousness. We felt that the song had to be a mind trip of some kind\"\" – \"\"The [eventual] title was [originally] a line at the end of a section... When we finished we said: \"\"What do we call this? It's got to have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11643616", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\na short vowel. Harrison's version had a US single in the US in July 1968 soon after the premiere of the film and similarly was released in the British Isles at the time of the film's 7 February 1969 premiere in the UK and Ireland. As a result, it was a current UK release when \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" received an Academy Award nomination on 24 February 1969: Harrison's single debuted at #36 in the UK Top 50 dated 4 March 1969 and had risen to #15—abetted by performances by Harrison on the 27 March 1969 broadcast of \"\"TOTP\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224262", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\ndidn't like me) refused to let me go.\"\" The film which caused the scheduling conflict has been identified as \"\"Take a Girl Like You\"\" directed by Jonathan Miller. Jerry Wexler, president of Atlantic Records, heard \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" on the soundtrack of \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\" and championed having Dusty Springfield record the song for her debut Atlantic album \"\"Dusty in Memphis\"\", overcoming the singer's strong resistance; Springfield's friend and subsequent manager Vicki Wickham would allege: \"\"Dusty always said she hated it because she couldn't identify with the words.\"\" During the first sessions for the track at American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224263", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nSound Studio in Memphis, problems with getting the proper chords down arose, and at Springfield's suggestion the song was arranged so the first three verses were sung in a slower tempo than the original film version. In April 1969 the third A-side release from \"\"Dusty in Memphis\"\" was announced as \"\"I Don't Want to Hear It Anymore\"\" with \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" as B-side: however Wexler was prepared to promote \"\"Windmills\"\" as the A-side if it won the Oscar for Best Song, reportedly instructing mail-room clerks at Atlantic Records' New York City headquarters to listen to the Academy Awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14224268", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\nfor her album \"\"Isle of Helena\"\" (1972), recorded the song as rendered in Czech: \"\"Můžeš zůstat, můžeš jít\"\", and also Japanese: \"\"Kaze no sasayaki\"\". Introduced on the album \"\"Ostrov Heleny Vondráčkové\"\", \"\"Můžeš zůstat, můžeš jít\"\" has become a signature song for Vondráčková: in 2012 when her three CD retrospective \"\"(Nejen) o lásce\"\" was issued, Vondráčková cited \"\"Můžeš zůstat, můžeš jít\"\" as \"\"the song on the [anthology] dearest to [her] heart\"\". An alternate Czech rendering of \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\": \"\"Mlýnské kolo v srdci mém\"\", was recorded by Hana Hegerová to serve as title cut for her 2010 album of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11492380", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\norchestra leads by Bob Castella. On January 5, 1949, Georges Guétary recorded the song with Marius Coste and his Orchestra. In 1974, he sang the song at the TV show \"\"Midi trente\"\", in 1976 at the TV show \"\"Système deux\"\" with Jean Claudric and his Orchestra and in 1984 at the TV show \"\"Cadence trois\"\" with Jean-Claude Borelly and his Orchestra. On January 21, 1949, Jacqueline François recorded the song with Guy Luypaerts and his Orchestra. On January 28, 1949, Jean Patart recorded the song with Maurice Jeanjean and his Orchestra. On February 14, 1949, Yvette Giraud recorded the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7936934", "chunk_text": "\"The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)\"\nbut he was unavailable and recommended Legrand; he wrote his music as long pieces rather than specifically to scene timings, with the film later edited to the music by Legrand, Jewison and editor Hal Ashby. In addition, Legrand also had to prepare an original song to replace \"\"Strawberry Fields Forever,\"\" used as the temp track for the glider scene. Taking Quincy Jones' advice, Legrand worked with the Bergmans to compose \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" and a second song, \"\"His Eyes, Her Eyes\"\"; Noel Harrison recorded \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" after Jewison failed to get his friend Andy Williams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11492379", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nThe Windmill Song Maître Pierre is a French popular song composed in 1948 by Henri Betti with the lyrics by Jacques Plante. The English lyrics were written in 1951 by Mitchell Parish. On November 16, 1948, Tohama recorded the song with Raymond Legrand and his Orchestra. On December 10, 1948, Yves Montand recorded the song with an orchestra leads by Henri Betti who is the composer of the music. On the other side of the disk, he recorded another song composed by Henri Betti : \"\"Rien dans les mains, rien dans les poches\"\" (lyrics by André Hornez) but with an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11372396", "chunk_text": "\"Windmills (Rick Roberts album)\"\nWindmills (Rick Roberts album) Windmills is the debut solo album by country rock musician Rick Roberts. The album was recorded a year after his stint as lead singer of The Flying Burrito Brothers, and two years before co-founding the band Firefall. Roberts was joined on the record by Burrito Brothers bandmate Chris Hillman, as well as three of the Eagles: Don Henley, Bernie Leadon (formerly of the Burrito Brothers), and Randy Meisner. Other guest musicians include David Crosby, Jackson Browne, Al Perkins, Dallas Taylor, Marc Benno and Byron Berline. The standout tracks are \"\"Sail Away\"\", \"\"In My Own Small Way\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7140232", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Farmer (musician)\"\nLober on keyboards and Bill White on bass. In recognition of the band's contribution to rock music history, they received a Distinguished Achievement award. Steve Farmer (musician) Steve Farmer (born December 31, 1948) is an American guitarist, composer and lyricist best known for his composition with Ted Nugent in 1968 titled \"\"Journey to the Center of the Mind\"\". It was performed by their group The Amboy Dukes. Farmer wrote the lyrics to this iconic hit song, which peaked at #16 in the charts. He also co-wrote with Nugent or self composed, twenty two compositions to help complete the first three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19663718", "chunk_text": "\"Journey to the Center of the Mind (song)\"\nJourney to the Center of the Mind (song) \"\"Journey to the Center of the Mind\"\" is a song released by The Amboy Dukes in 1968. It reached number 16 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" charts in 1968 and number 19 in Canada. Unlike their previous recordings, \"\"Journey to the Center of the Mind\"\" had a more psychedelic garage rock sound, influenced by the Yardbirds. The song features lyrics written by the Dukes' second guitarist Steve Farmer, and melody written by Ted Nugent. The song was recorded with a higher budget than their past recordings. During the recording of the song there was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7140229", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Farmer (musician)\"\nSteve Farmer (musician) Steve Farmer (born December 31, 1948) is an American guitarist, composer and lyricist best known for his composition with Ted Nugent in 1968 titled \"\"Journey to the Center of the Mind\"\". It was performed by their group The Amboy Dukes. Farmer wrote the lyrics to this iconic hit song, which peaked at #16 in the charts. He also co-wrote with Nugent or self composed, twenty two compositions to help complete the first three albums created by The Amboy Dukes. The Dukes first offering was their self-titled album \"\"The Amboy Dukes\"\" which charted. It featured their first charting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9211909", "chunk_text": "\"Tilting at windmills\"\npolicies. The movie \"\"They Might Be Giants\"\" (1971) features a reference to Don Quixote thinking that the windmills are giants, and the movie is named after that reference. Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot, in a 1972 album release by the same name, wrote and recorded the song Don Quixote which contained the lines \"\"through the woodland, through the valley, comes a horseman wild and free; \"\"tilting at the windmills passing\"\", who can the brave young horseman be...\"\". The alternative Santa Barbara band Toad the Wet Sprocket released the album \"\"Dulcinea\"\" in 1994. Named for the love interest of Don Quixote, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4850033", "chunk_text": "\"Michel Legrand\"\nMichel Legrand Michel Legrand (born 24 February 1932) is a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and jazz pianist. Legrand is a prolific composer, having written over 200 film and television scores, in addition to many memorable songs. He is best known for his often haunting, jazz-tinged film music. His celebrated scores for the films of French New Wave director Jacques Demy, \"\"The Umbrellas of Cherbourg\"\" (1964) and \"\"The Young Girls of Rochefort\"\" (1967), earned Legrand his first Academy Award nominations. Legrand won his first Oscar for the song \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" from \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\" (1968). Legrand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5586465", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nwith Jacques-Henry Rys and his Orchestra. On February 15, 1949, Louis Ferrari recorded the song with his Orchestra. On March 28, 1949, Les Compagnons de la chanson recorded the song with Marc Herrand and his Orchestra. On September 22, 1949, Jean Marco, Jo Charrier and Ginette Garcin recorded the song with Jacques Hélian and his Orchestra. The same year, Lucille Dumont recorded the song with Allan McIver and his Orchestra. In 1950, Linette Lemercier recorded the song with Marcel Cariven and his Orchestra. Les Quatre Barbus recorded the song with Daniel White and his Orchestra. The same year, Jula De", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19947461", "chunk_text": "\"The Wonder of You (The Sandpipers album)\"\neasy listening at its best. The popular trio's material is no small part of the LP's success, and includes their current single, \"\"The Wonder of You,\"\" their not to be imitated version of \"\"Let Go,\"\" the Oscar-winning \"\"Windmills of Your Mind,\"\" and the much recorded \"\"Yellow Days.\"\" Credit producer Allen Stanton and arranger Nick DeCaro for a job very well done.\"\" The album reached #194 on the Billboard charts. Two singles from the album made the charts: \"\"Let Go\"\" at #36 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and \"\"Kumbaya\"\" at #38 on the UK singles chart. Side One Side Two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5752983", "chunk_text": "\"A Windmill in Old Amsterdam\"\nA Windmill in Old Amsterdam \"\"A Windmill In Old Amsterdam\"\" is a 1965 novelty song written by Ted Dicks and Myles Rudge. The song, about a mouse that wears clogs, and arranged in waltz time, was notably recorded by Ronnie Hilton in 1965. The regular writing team of Dicks and Rudge also wrote novelty songs for Bernard Cribbins. The song is said to have been inspired by the sound of street organs which Dicks heard on a visit to the city. Backed by \"\"Dear Heart\"\", it was released originally on His Master's Voice in January 1965. Hilton was backed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2822253", "chunk_text": "\"Noel Harrison\"\nin a third-season episode titled \"\"The Galatea Affair\"\". \"\"A Young Girl\"\" was included as one of the tracks on Harrison's debut album, \"\"Noel Harrison\"\", in 1966. Two years later, he recorded \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\", the theme tune from the film \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\", which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1968, and was also a Top 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart. Despite the song winning the 1968 Oscar for best original song, Harrison did not sing it at the ceremony. Instead his place was taken by Jose Feliciano. The change was made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17265834", "chunk_text": "\"Blowin' in the Wind\"\ninfluenced by \"\"the Co-Op's high ethical guidelines regarding fair trade and the environment.\"\" The Co-Op, which is owned by about 3 million consumers, also includes Britain's largest funeral parlour and farming business. He was described by David Barrett in 2017 as a 'living legend' and 'a true inspiration' to customer service representatives around the globe. \"\"Blowin' in the Wind\"\" has been recorded by hundreds of artists. The most commercially successful version is by folk music trio Peter, Paul and Mary, who released the song in June 1963, three weeks after \"\"The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\"\" was issued. Albert Grossman, then managing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "86188", "chunk_text": "\"The Blades of Grass\"\nThe Blades of Grass The Blades of Grass were an American sunshine pop band formed in Maplewood, New Jersey, in 1967. Competing with the abundance of sunshine pop groups originating from California, the Blades of Grass are most-known for their nationally charting rendition of the song \"\"Happy\"\". The band also released an album called \"\"The Blades of Grass Are Not for Smoking\"\" before disbanding. Formed in 1967, with a lineup consisting of Bruce Ames (rhythm guitar, vocals), David Gordon (drums, organ), Frank DiChiara (bass guitar, vocals), and Marc Black ([[lead guitar], vocals]), the band was originally known as the Furnace", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15077207", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Dicks\"\nTed Dicks Ted Dicks (5 May 1928 – 27 January 2012) was an English composer. He is best known for composing the music for the novelty songs \"\"Right Said Fred\"\" and \"\"The Hole in the Ground\"\". They were both Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart in 1962, recorded by Bernard Cribbins with lyrics by Myles Rudge, and produced by George Martin for Parlophone. Another song by Dicks and Rudge, \"\"A Windmill in Old Amsterdam\"\", was a million-seller hit in 1965 for Ronnie Hilton. Dicks was born in Muswell Hill, North London, England. His father was a postman. Dicks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17587570", "chunk_text": "\"People of the South Wind\"\nPeople of the South Wind \"\"People of the South Wind\"\" is a progressive rock single recorded by Kansas and written by Kerry Livgren for their 1979 album \"\"Monolith\"\". Following the success of previous singles \"\"Carry On Wayward Son\"\", \"\"Point of Know Return\"\", and \"\"Dust in the Wind\"\", the song became the band's fourth Top 40 hit. Kansas guitarist Rich Williams would call the song the band's \"\"most pop moment\"\": \"\"[It] had that constant disco drum beat...We never had done happy sounds like that. We were always a much deeper, minor key, melodic band, unless it was a very grandiose thing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14108387", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nfor the recording of the song by The Andrews Sisters with Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra on October 24, 1951. The title song became \"\"The Windmill Song\"\". In 1951, Jacques Pills sang the song with an orchestra leads by Henri Betti in the short film \"\"Compositeurs et Chansons de Paris\"\". In 1953, the melody of the song is played by a Barrel organ in the movie \"\"Soyez les bienvenus\"\" in which the melodies of \"\"C'est si bon\"\", \"\"Mais qu'est-ce que j'ai ?\"\" and \"\"Rien dans les mains, rien dans les poches\"\" are also played. These four songs were composed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11492389", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nHenri Betti and sung by Yves Montand. The same year, the melody is also played in the movie \"\"Le Portrait de son père\"\". The Windmill Song Maître Pierre is a French popular song composed in 1948 by Henri Betti with the lyrics by Jacques Plante. The English lyrics were written in 1951 by Mitchell Parish. On November 16, 1948, Tohama recorded the song with Raymond Legrand and his Orchestra. On December 10, 1948, Yves Montand recorded the song with an orchestra leads by Henri Betti who is the composer of the music. On the other side of the disk, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18535526", "chunk_text": "\"Hickory Wind\"\nKelley respectively. Although the song is often regarded as one of the best of Parsons' career, it was not released as a single. The song was re-recorded for Parsons' 1974 album, \"\"Grievous Angel\"\", as part of the \"\"Medley Live from Northern Quebec\"\", along with the song \"\"Cash on the Barrelhead\"\". In 2002, an article on the website www.folklinks.com controversially claimed that \"\"Hickory Wind\"\" wasn't, in fact, written by Gram Parsons, but by Sylvia Sammons—a blind folksinger from Greenville, South Carolina—with Bob Buchanan later contributing an additional verse. Sammons' alleged authorship of the song was first made public by traditional musician", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3410398", "chunk_text": "\"Windmills (Rick Roberts album)\"\nand \"\"Jenny's Blues\"\", and all of the songs were written by Roberts, except Harlan Howard's \"\"Pick Me Up on Your Way Down\"\". Windmills (Rick Roberts album) Windmills is the debut solo album by country rock musician Rick Roberts. The album was recorded a year after his stint as lead singer of The Flying Burrito Brothers, and two years before co-founding the band Firefall. Roberts was joined on the record by Burrito Brothers bandmate Chris Hillman, as well as three of the Eagles: Don Henley, Bernie Leadon (formerly of the Burrito Brothers), and Randy Meisner. Other guest musicians include David Crosby,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3402761", "chunk_text": "\"Byron Hill\"\nByron Hill Byron Hill (born December 12, 1953), is an American songwriter from Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Working professionally in Nashville, TN for more than forty years, his songs have been recorded by over 700 Country and Pop artists. After moving to Nashville in May 1978, Byron signed his first songwriting contract in September of that year. The hits started for him as a songwriter in 1979 with Joe Sun's \"\"Out Of Your Mind\"\", and in 1981 with Johnny Lee's \"\"Pickin' Up Strangers\"\", with many other recordings and notable chart hit singles along the way including \"\"The Pages Of My Mind\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14108385", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nhe also recorded a medley of three other musics composed by Henri Betti : \"\"La Polka des Barbus\"\", \"\"C'est si bon\"\" and \"\"Mais qu'est-ce que j'ai ?\"\". In 1966, Les Trois Ménestrels sang the song with Raymond Lefèvre and his Orchestra at the TV show \"\"Le Palmarès des chansons\"\" hosted by Guy Lux. In 1974, Marcel Amont sang the song at the TV show \"\"Toutankhamont\"\". In 1980, Jacqueline François and Jacques Martin sang the song with Robert Quibel and his Orchestra at the TV show \"\"Thé Dansant\"\". In 1985, Charles Level sang the song in this TV show where he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14108386", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nalso sings the same year \"\"C'est si bon\"\". In 1995, Sophie Darel recorded the song in duet with Pierre Perret for the album \"\"C'était les Années Bleues\"\" where she recorded also \"\"C'est si bon\"\" in duet with Évelyne Leclercq. In 2013, Jean-Jacques Debout recorded the song with the musical arrangements by Jacques Ferchit for the album \"\"Sous le Soleil des Guinguettes\"\". The same year, he recorded an other song composed by Henri Betti : \"\"La Chanson du Maçon\"\" (lyrics by Maurice Chevalier and Maurice Vandair) for the album \"\"Les Chansons des Guinguettes\"\". In 1951, Mitchell Parish wrote the English lyrics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14014527", "chunk_text": "\"Dusty Springfield\"\nalbum featuring ten of Springfield's songs as well as one original. The album, titled Just a Little Lovin' featured two tracks selected from Springfield's debut, four from \"\"Dusty In Memphis\"\" and four from throughout her back catalogue. Lynne's album received critical acclaim, charted at number 41 on the US Billboard Charts and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album (Non-Classical). The beginning of 2017 brought another revival of interest in Springfield's music by inclusion of \"\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\" song in Andy Wilman's \"\"The Grand Tour\"\", featuring Jeremy Clarkson, James May, and Richard Hammond. The cut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14108384", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmill Song\"\nPalma recorded the song with Bruno Quirinetta and his Orchestra. The next year, they recorded the other hits of Henri Betti : \"\"C'est si bon\"\". In 1957, Henri Betti, Andrex and Roger Lanzac sang the song with Georges Dervaux and his Orchestra at the TV show \"\"36 Chansons\"\" hosted by Jean Nohain. In 1961, Fernand Gignac recorded the song with Roger Pilon and his Orchestra. The same year, Paulette Rollin recorded the song for the album \"\"Paulette Rollin Chante pour les Enfants\"\". In 1963, Henri Leca recorded a medley of music with his Orchestra for the album \"\"Surprise-Partie Monstre\"\" where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6727060", "chunk_text": "\"Memories of You\"\nMemories of You \"\"Memories of You\"\" is a popular song with lyrics written by Andy Razaf and music composed by Eubie Blake and published in 1930. The song was introduced by singer Minto Cato in the Broadway show \"\"Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1930\"\". A 1930 version recorded by Louis Armstrong featuring Lionel Hampton is the first known use of the vibraphone in popular music. A version of the song recorded by The Four Coins from the biopic \"\"The Benny Goodman Story\"\" reached #22 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine chart in 1955. Doc Severinsen and the NBC Orchestra performed a moving, melancholy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "158417", "chunk_text": "\"Koos du Plessis\"\nKoos du Plessis Jacobus (Koos) Johannes du Plessis (10 May 1945 – 15 January 1984) was a prominent South African singer-songwriter and poet, colloquially known as \"\"Koos Doep\"\". Although he received critical acclaim for much of his work, he became best known for the runaway success of a rendition of his song \"\"Kinders van die Wind\"\" (\"\"Children of the Wind\"\") by Laurika Rauch. Koos du Plessis was born in Rustenburg. He was the youngest of four children, and grew up in the mining town of Springs. After school, he attended the University of Pretoria, and the University of the Witwatersrand,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5191394", "chunk_text": "\"Legend of a Mind\"\nLegend of a Mind \"\"Legend of a Mind\"\" is a song by the British progressive rock band The Moody Blues, and was written by the band's flautist Ray Thomas, who provides the lead vocals. \"\"Legend of a Mind\"\" was recorded in January 1968 and was first released on the Moody Blues' album \"\"In Search of the Lost Chord\"\". It was the first song recorded for the album. The original promotional black-and-white film for the song was filmed on location at Groot-Bijgaarden Castle near Brussels in Belgium. The song's lyrics are about 1960s LSD icon Timothy Leary. Leary was an advocate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11051704", "chunk_text": "\"Farmer John (song)\"\nFarmer John (song) \"\"Farmer John\"\" is a song written by Don \"\"Sugarcane\"\" Harris and Dewey Terry, and first recorded by the two as the American R&B duo Don and Dewey, in 1959. Although the original version of the composition did not receive much attention, it was reinvigorated by the garage rock band the Premiers, whose raving cover version was released in 1964. The song's raw and partying atmosphere was immensely popular, reaching number 19 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Following the group's national success, several additional interpretations of \"\"Farmer John\"\" were released, making the tune a classic of garage rock.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19579414", "chunk_text": "\"You're Only Human (Second Wind)\"\nYou're Only Human (Second Wind) \"\"You're Only Human (Second Wind)\"\" is a song written in 1985 and performed by Billy Joel. The song deals with teenage depression and suicide. It originally appeared on \"\"Billy Joel's Greatest Hits\"\" in 1985 and became a top ten hit, peaking at on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Joel, who had once attempted suicide himself, stated in a 1985 interview that he wrote the song as a way to help young people struggling with depression and thoughts of suicide. In his original draft, he was concerned that the song sounded too depressing so he re-wrote it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2004503", "chunk_text": "\"Wild Is the Wind (song)\"\nWild Is the Wind (song) \"\"Wild Is the Wind\"\" is a song written by Dimitri Tiomkin and Ned Washington. The track was originally recorded by Johnny Mathis for the 1957 film \"\"Wild Is the Wind.\"\" The song was very popular and was one of five songs nominated for an Academy Award; it was sung by Johnny Mathis at the March 1958 Oscar presentations. Mathis' version of the song was also released as a single by Columbia Records (4-41060) in November 1957, and reached No. 22 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" chart. The song has been recorded many times, including twice by Nina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7419574", "chunk_text": "\"Nolan Strong & the Diablos\"\nNolan Strong & the Diablos Nolan Strong & the Diablos were an American, Detroit-based, R&B and doo-wop vocal group, best known for their songs \"\"The Wind\"\" and \"\"Mind Over Matter\"\". They had one record that spent a week on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart, \"\"The Way You Dog Me Around\"\", which reached no. 12 in January 1956. The group was one of the most popular pre-Motown R&B acts in Detroit during the mid-1950s, through the early 1960s. Its original members were Nolan Strong, Juan Gutierrez, Willie Hunter, Quentin Eubanks, and Bob Edwards. The group recorded for Fortune Records, along with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11643615", "chunk_text": "\"The Windmills of Your Mind\"\ntook issue with the couplet \"\"Like a tunnel that you follow to a tunnel of its own / Down a hollow to a cavern where the sun has never shone\"\", singing the word \"\"shone\"\" British-style with a short vowel sound making the rhyme with \"\"own\"\" imperfect. Marilyn Bergman: \"\"We said 'No, it's shone [long vowel sound].' And he said 'No, it's our language!' And we said: 'Yes, but it's our song.' So reluctantly, he sang shone [long vowel sound] and our rhyme was intact.\"\" However, Harrison evidently had the last laugh; in the finally released version he sings \"\"shone\"\" with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9997859", "chunk_text": "\"Mitchell Parish\"\nAlley\"\", a featured segment of Allen's weekly show. The new song, \"\"Carousel of Love\"\", premiered on \"\"The Fred Allen Show\"\" on April 4, 1949. It was sung by the DeMarco Sisters and played by Al Goodman and his Orchestra. In 1951, he wrote the English lyrics of the French song \"\"Maître Pierre\"\" which was written in 1948 by Henri Betti (music) and Jacques Plante (lyrics). The title song became \"\"The Windmill Song\"\" and the song was recorded by The Andrews Sisters with Gordon Jenkins and his Orchestra. In 1987, a revue titled \"\"Stardust\"\" was staged on Broadway featuring Parish's lyrics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_725	where will the next summer and winter olympics be held?	n/a	[ "Beijing", "Tokyo" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4823632", "chunk_text": "\"2022 Winter Olympics\"\nfollowing the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. These Games will also be the fourth Winter Olympics to be held in East Asia, after Sapporo (1972), Nagano (1998) and Pyeongchang (2018). Beijing will become the first city ever to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games. There are plans to utilize many of the same indoor venues that were used in 2008, as well as using the Beijing National Stadium for the opening and closing ceremonies. The bidding calendar was announced by the IOC in October 2012, with the application deadline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7429687", "chunk_text": "\"2026 Winter Olympics\"\n2026 Winter Olympics The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXV Olympic Winter Games, is an international multi-sport event to be organised in a city designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The host city was originally supposed to be selected at the 134th IOC Session on 11 September 2019 in Milan, Italy. However, after Italy submitted a bid for the games that included Milan, IOC rules required that the election be moved. Therefore, the election will be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, home of the IOC headquarters, on 23 June 2019. The IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12592994", "chunk_text": "\"2022 Winter Olympics\"\n2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (; ), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in Beijing and towns in the neighbouring Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These Games will be the first Winter Olympics ever to be held in China, and the last of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9541045", "chunk_text": "\"2020 Summer Olympics\"\n2020 Summer Olympics The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020. Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires on 7 September 2013. These Games will mark the return of the Summer Olympics to Tokyo for the first time since 1964, and the fourth Olympics overall to be held in Japan, following the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. They will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11546850", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nand once each in Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italy (1960), Japan (1964), Mexico (1968), Canada (1976), Soviet Union (1980), South Korea (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008) and Brazil (2016). The IOC has selected Tokyo, Japan, to host the Summer Olympics for a second time in 2020. The 2024 Summer Olympics will be held in Paris, France, for a third time, exactly one hundred years after the city's last Summer Olympics in 1924. The IOC has also selected Los Angeles, California, to host its third Summer Games in 2028. To date, only five countries have participated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9254520", "chunk_text": "\"2024 Summer Olympics\"\n2024 Summer Olympics The 2024 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, (French: Jeux de la XXXIIIe Olympiade) and commonly known as Paris 2024, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 26 July to 11 August 2024 in Paris, France. Having previously hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics, Paris will become the second city to host the Olympic Games three times, along with London (1908, 1948, and 2012). The 2024 Games also mark the centennial of the 1924 Games. This will be the sixth overall Olympic Games held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13942164", "chunk_text": "\"2024 Summer Olympics\"\nbe unveiled in Late 2021. 2024 Summer Olympics The 2024 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, (French: Jeux de la XXXIIIe Olympiade) and commonly known as Paris 2024, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 26 July to 11 August 2024 in Paris, France. Having previously hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics, Paris will become the second city to host the Olympic Games three times, along with London (1908, 1948, and 2012). The 2024 Games also mark the centennial of the 1924 Games. This will be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798531", "chunk_text": "\"2028 Summer Olympics\"\n2028 Summer Olympics The 2028 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad, and commonly known as LA 2028, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from July 21 to August 6, 2028, in Los Angeles, California, United States. The process of bidding for the host city was originally scheduled to begin in 2019, with the winning bid due to be announced in 2021. However, following the withdrawal of a number of cities from the bidding process for both the 2022 Winter Olympics and the 2024 Summer Olympics, the International Olympic Committee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4823645", "chunk_text": "\"2022 Winter Olympics\"\nadjacent to the Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve and part of the same mountain system, and the environmental impact on the nature reserve of construction, and artificially covering parts of the mountain with snow, is uncertain. The Chinese government responded to these concerns by expanding the adjacent Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve by 31% of its original size. 2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (; ), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18302233", "chunk_text": "\"2020 Summer Olympics\"\ncoverage to free-to-air networks in each territory and other Discovery Inc.-owned channels. In the United Kingdom, these will be the last Games whose rights are primarily owned by the BBC, although as a condition of a sub-licensing agreement that will carry into the 2022 and 2024 Games, Eurosport holds exclusive pay television rights. 2020 Summer Olympics The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020. Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617771", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nto host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected on June 23rd, 2019. , no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer. To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706732", "chunk_text": "\"2028 Summer Olympics\"\nThe NBC Universal Studio Lot is planned to be the site of the International Broadcast Centre for the Games. 2028 Summer Olympics The 2028 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad, and commonly known as LA 2028, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from July 21 to August 6, 2028, in Los Angeles, California, United States. The process of bidding for the host city was originally scheduled to begin in 2019, with the winning bid due to be announced in 2021. However, following the withdrawal of a number of cities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15945000", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nwhen Tokyo again becomes host city. Historically, the Summer Olympics has been held predominantly in English-speaking countries and European nations. Tokyo will be the first city outside these regions to have hosted the Summer Olympics twice; it will also be the largest city ever to have hosted the Games, having grown considerably since 1964. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were the first Summer Olympics to be held in South America and the first that were held during the local winter season. The only two countries in the Southern Hemisphere to have hosted the Summer Olympics have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5849812", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\n2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4890348", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\nof hosting three Olympic Games, all Summer, more than any other city. The other nations hosting the Summer Games twice are Germany, Australia, France and Greece. The other cities hosting the Summer Games twice are Los Angeles, Paris and Athens. With the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, Japan and Tokyo, respectively, will hold these statuses. In addition to the United States, nations hosting multiple Winter Games are France with three, while Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Japan, Canada and Italy have hosted twice. Among host cities, Lake Placid, Innsbruck and St. Moritz have played host to the Winter Olympic Games more than once,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15944999", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nthe 2020 Summer Olympics, when it will become the first city outside the Western world to have hosted the Summer Olympics more than once, having already hosted the Games in 1964. The other countries that have hosted the Summer Olympics are Belgium, Brazil, China, Canada, Finland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Soviet Union, and Sweden; each of these countries has hosted the Summer Games on just one occasion. Asia has hosted the Summer Olympics three times, in Tokyo, Japan (1964), Seoul, South Korea (1988), and Beijing, China (2008); Asia will host the Games for a fourth time in 2020", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9541046", "chunk_text": "\"2020 Summer Olympics\"\nthe second of three consecutive Olympic Games to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and preceding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China. These Games will see the introduction of additional disciplines within several of the Summer Olympics sports, including 3x3 basketball, freestyle BMX and Madison cycling, as well as further mixed events. Under new IOC policies that allow sports to be added to the Games' programme to augment the permanent \"\"core\"\" Olympic events, these Games will see karate, sport climbing, surfing and skateboarding make their Olympic debuts, and the return of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110378", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\na single Winter Games. Norway led the total medal standings with 39, the highest number of medals by a nation in any Winter Olympics, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics. The host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics is Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China, elected on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing will be the first city ever to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2022 Winter Olympics will take place between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617813", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nbeen selected to host a Winter Olympics and it was the second time the Olympics were held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The Games took place from 9 to 25 February 2018. More than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries participated in 102 events. The Olympic Stadium and many of the sports venues were situated in the Alpensia Resort in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, while a number of other sports venues were located in the Gangneung Olympic Park in Pyeongchang's neighboring city of Gangneung. The lead-up to the 2018 Winter Olympics was affected by the tensions between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15832593", "chunk_text": "\"International Olympic Committee\"\ntemporary basis, and although real improvements were realized (particularly in air quality), most of these improvements had disappeared one year following the Games. Although these improvements were short lived, IOC's inclusion of environmental policies in evaluating and selecting host cities demonstrates a corporate responsibility that may be built upon in years to come. Detailed frameworks for environmental sustainability have been released for the 2018 Winter Olympics, and 2020 Summer Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, and Tokyo, Japan, respectively. The IOC has four major approaches to addressing environmental health concerns during the construction and competitions of the Olympic Games. First, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5831581", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics closing ceremony\"\nin Seoul. First, the Greek flag was raised while its anthem played. The Olympic flag was then lowered and passed, by the mayor of Pyeongchang County, Shim Jae-kook, to IOC President, Thomas Bach, who then handed it over to the mayor of Beijing, Chen Jining. This was then followed by the raising of the flag of China, and the playing of its anthem. The flag will be raised again in Tokyo, Japan, for the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 24 July 2020. Beijing, the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, presented a special performance \"\"See", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16887552", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nsold. The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 9 February 2018; the US$100 million facility was only intended to be used for the opening and closing ceremonies of these Olympics and the subsequent Paralympics, and is scheduled to be demolished following their conclusion. The 2018 Winter Olympics featured 102 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports, making it the first Winter Olympics to surpass 100 medal events. Six new events in existing sports were introduced to the Winter Olympic program in Pyeongchang: men's and ladies' big air snowboarding, mixed doubles curling,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13274510", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\neach holding that honour twice. The most recent Winter Games were held in Pyeongchang in 2018, South Korea's first Winter Olympics and second Olympics overall (including the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul). Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617812", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\n\"\"at least late 2011 to 2015\"\" across the \"\"vast majority\"\" of Summer and Winter Olympic sports. On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that Russia would be banned from the 2018 Winter Olympics with immediate effect and by the end of 2017 the IOC Disciplinary Commission had disqualified 43 Russian athletes, stripping thirteen medals and knocking Russia from the top of the medal table, thus putting Norway in the lead. On 6 July 2011, Pyeongchang, South Korea, was selected to host the 2018 Winter Olympics over Munich, Germany, and Annecy, France. This was the first time that South Korea had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2825483", "chunk_text": "\"Chronological summary of the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nChronological summary of the 2018 Winter Olympics This is a chronological summary of the major events of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County, South Korea. Two events, the curling mixed doubles tournament and the men's normal hill ski jumping competition, held their preliminary rounds on 8 February. The opening ceremony took place one day later on 9 February. The last day of competition and the closing ceremony was on 25 February. The games featured 102 events in 15 sports, making it the first Winter Olympics to surpass 100 medal events. Four new disciplines in existing sports were introduced to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "297612", "chunk_text": "\"Bids for Olympic Games\"\nthe Summer and Winter Olympics. 50 cities (including repeats) have been chosen to host the Olympics since their \"\"rebirth\"\"; two in Eastern Europe, five in East Asia, one in South America, two in Oceania and the remainder in Western Europe and North America. No Central American, African, Central Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, or Southeast Asian city has ever been chosen to host an Olympics. The decision is made at an IOC Session seven years and eleven years to the games; for example, the 2018 Winter Olympics were awarded to Pyeongchang on 6 July 2011, the 2020 Summer Olympics were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5849813", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nthe country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. The Games featured 102 events over fifteen disciplines in seven sports, with the addition of \"\"big air\"\" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing to the Winter Olympic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9254521", "chunk_text": "\"2024 Summer Olympics\"\nin France (including summer and winter Games). Bidding to host these Games began in 2015 with five candidate cities in contention, but Hamburg, Rome, and Budapest withdrew, leaving Paris and Los Angeles as the two candidates remaining. A proposal to elect the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time was approved by an Extraordinary IOC Session on 11 July 2017 in Lausanne. On 31 July 2017, the IOC made a deal with Los Angeles to host the 2028 Summer Olympics, making Paris the host of the 2024 Summer Olympics. The formal announcement of the hosts for both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15944998", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nOlympic Games in the capital city, London, which became the first city ever to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games three times. The cities of Los Angeles, Paris, and Athens have each hosted two Summer Olympic Games. In 2024, France will host its third Summer Olympic Games in its capital, making Paris the second city ever to have hosted three Summer Olympics. In 2028, Los Angeles will become the third city ever to have hosted the Games three times. Australia, France, Germany and Greece have all hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice. The IOC has selected Tokyo, Japan, to host", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617770", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nwell as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11546889", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nfederal government; the country's economic crisis; health and safety concerns surrounding the Zika virus and significant pollution in the Guanabara Bay; and a state-sponsored doping scandal involving Russia, which affected the participation of its athletes in the Games. Tokyo, Japan will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, making it the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games twice. Forty-two sports, spanning 55 disciplines, have been part of the Olympic program at one point or another. Twenty-eight sports have comprised the schedule for three of the recent games, 2000, 2004, and 2008 Summer Olympics. Due to the removal of baseball and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798534", "chunk_text": "\"2028 Summer Olympics\"\nfour winter editions being Lake Placid 1932, Squaw Valley 1960, Lake Placid 1980, and Salt Lake City 2002). On September 16, 2015, the International Olympic Committee announced five candidate cities for the 2024 Games: Budapest, Hamburg, Los Angeles, Paris, and Rome. The candidature process was announced at the same time. Budapest, Hamburg, and Rome eventually withdrew their bids, leaving only Los Angeles and Paris. A similar situation had already occurred during the bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics when Krakow, Lviv, Oslo and Stockholm withdrew, resulting in a two-way race between Beijing, China and Almaty, Kazakhstan, where Beijing was ultimately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9800909", "chunk_text": "\"International Olympic Committee\"\nof its core Olympic sports for the Summer Olympic programme for the 2020 Olympics. This decision was poorly received by the sporting and wrestling community. Wrestling was still part of the programme at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. This decision was later overturned, and wrestling will be a part of the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. As planned, the alpine ski run and luge racing area of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will be built in the core area of Beijing Songshan National Reserves. A great number of valuable species such as Lonicera oblata and Cypripedium shanxiense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "322839", "chunk_text": "\"Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nBids for the 2018 Winter Olympics Three cities applied with bids to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics (also known as \"\"XXIII Olympic Winter Games\"\" and \"\"XII Paralympic Winter Games\"\") in October 2009. The International Olympic Committee, under the leadership of Jacques Rogge, received three bids on October 15, 2009. The cities of Annecy, France, in the French Alps, Munich, Germany (host of the 1972 Summer Olympics), and Pyeongchang, South Korea, a two-time previous bidder, competed for the hosting rights to the event. This was the lowest number of bidding cities since the 1988 Summer Olympics, coincidentally also won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5849833", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\ncommercially and politically motivated. He argued that not only was doping rife amongst Russian athletes but that there was no sign of it being eradicated. The CAS decision to overturn the life bans of 28 Russian athletes and restore their medals was also fiercely criticised, by Olympic officials, IOC president Thomas Bach and whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov's lawyer. 2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9254652", "chunk_text": "\"2024 Summer Olympics\"\nsports, and any new sports which are added to the Olympic programme. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. Most of the Olympic events will be held in and around Paris, including the suburbs of Saint-Denis, Le Bourget, Nanterre, Versailles, and Vaires-sur-Marne which is just outside the city environs. The sailing and surfing events will be held in the remote coastal resorts of Marseille and Biarritz respectively. Football will be hosted in various cities around France. The emblem of the 2024 Games will be unveiled on January 1, 2019. The mascot(s) for the 2024 Games will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7429692", "chunk_text": "\"2026 Winter Olympics\"\nthe only city in the dialogue stage that was not invited to advance. Calgary withdrew its bid on 19 November 2018. Their governmental requirements must be fulfilled by 11 January 2019. The following cities were seen as potential bids and took part in the dialogue stage, but have withdrawn for various reasons. The following cities initially explored the possibility of bidding but decided not to proceed to the dialogue stage. 2026 Winter Olympics The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXV Olympic Winter Games, is an international multi-sport event to be organised in a city designated by the International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16887549", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nwere held in the county of Pyeongchang, while the downhill, combined and super-G events in the Alpine skiing were held in the neighboring county of Jeongseon. The indoor ice events were held in the nearby city of Gangneung. The Alpensia Sports Park in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, was the focus of the 2018 Winter Olympics. It was home to the Olympic Stadium, the Olympic Village and most of the outdoor sports venues. Additionally, a stand-alone outdoor sports venue was located in Bongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang: Another stand-alone outdoor sports venue was located in Pyeongchang's neighboring county of Jeongseon: The Gangneung Olympic Park in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706718", "chunk_text": "\"2028 Summer Olympics\"\ndeclared the winner. On April 3, 2017 at the IOC convention in Denmark, Olympic officials met with bid committees from both Los Angeles and Paris to discuss the possibility of naming two winners in the competition to host the 2024 Summer Games. After these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne, Switzerland to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes on June 9, 2017. The IOC formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal that was approved by an Extraordinary IOC Session on July 11, 2017 in Lausanne. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "297613", "chunk_text": "\"Bids for Olympic Games\"\nawarded to Tokyo on 7 September 2013, the 2022 Winter Olympics were awarded to Beijing on 31 July 2015, the 2024 Summer Olympics were awarded to Paris and the 2028 Summer Olympics were awarded to Los Angeles on 13 September 2017. In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games. The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4823644", "chunk_text": "\"2022 Winter Olympics\"\nbetween these two major sporting events is expected to affect viewership numbers. The last Super Bowl that was held during a Winter Olympic year, Super Bowl LII in 2018, took place on the Sunday before the Games. Critics questioned the Beijing bid, citing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences. The environmental impact of hosting the games near Beijing has been questioned. Some of the proposed venues will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11546848", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nSummer Olympic Games The Summer Olympic Games () or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is a quadrennial international multi-sport event. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) organises the Games and oversees the host city's preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third place; this tradition began in 1904. The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics. The Olympics have increased in scope", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4823639", "chunk_text": "\"2022 Winter Olympics\"\nBeijing. In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a ski jumping mixed team competition and men's and women's big air in freestyle skiing. At their May 2018 Congress at the Costa Navarino resort in Messenia, Greece, FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make telemark skiing an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the aerials mixed team event and several new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "322873", "chunk_text": "\"Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\n10 points behind in the PowerIndex. Ratings for the BidIndex are from April 2011 and rating for the PowerIndex are from June 2011. Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics Three cities applied with bids to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Paralympics (also known as \"\"XXIII Olympic Winter Games\"\" and \"\"XII Paralympic Winter Games\"\") in October 2009. The International Olympic Committee, under the leadership of Jacques Rogge, received three bids on October 15, 2009. The cities of Annecy, France, in the French Alps, Munich, Germany (host of the 1972 Summer Olympics), and Pyeongchang, South Korea, a two-time previous bidder, competed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7962348", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nto the modified schedule, as well as the attendance levels of the sessions themselves. Conversely, and somewhat controversially, eight of the eleven biathlon events were scheduled at night, making it necessary for competitors to ski and shoot under floodlights, with colder temperatures and blustery winds. Three podium sweeps were recorded during the Games. The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 25 February 2018, as Thomas Bach, the IOC president, declared the Games closed, and the cauldron extinguished. Broadcast rights to the 2018 Winter Olympics in some countries were already sold as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7406153", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Summer Youth Olympics\"\n2018 Summer Youth Olympics The 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games (), officially known as the III Summer Youth Olympic Games, and commonly known as Buenos Aires 2018, were an international sports, cultural, and educational event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 6 and 18 October 2018. They were the first Summer Youth Olympic Games held outside of Asia (also first in the Southern and Western Hemispheres), and the first Youth Games for either summer or winter held outside Eurasia. It was the second Olympic Games held in South America after the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Six", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7942417", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony\"\n2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea on 9 February 2018. It began at 20:00 KST and finished at approximately 22:20 KST. The Games were officially opened by President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae-in. The site of the opening ceremony, Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium, was built specifically for the Games. The pentagonal stadium seats 35,000. The organizers for the event said the shape was chosen because it is a combination of different shapes, a circle, a square, and a triangle, which represent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9254523", "chunk_text": "\"2024 Summer Olympics\"\nto discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes on 9 June 2017. The International Olympic Committee formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 Olympic host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal which was approved by an Extraordinary IOC Session on 11 July 2017 in Lausanne. The IOC set up a process whereby the LA 2024 and Paris 2024 bid committees would meet with the IOC to discuss who would host the 2024 Games, who would host the 2028 Games, and whether it were actually possible to select the host city for both at the same time. Following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18302232", "chunk_text": "\"2020 Summer Olympics\"\nStates, the 2020 Summer Olympics will be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of a US$4.38 billion agreement that began at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. In Europe, this will be the first Summer Olympics under the IOC's exclusive pan-European rights deal with Eurosport, which began at the 2018 Winter Olympics and run through 2024. The rights for the 2020 Games cover almost all of Europe, excluding France due to an existing rights deal that will expire following these Games in favour of Eurosport, and Russia due to a pre-existing deal with a marketer through 2024. Eurosport will sub-license", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7349345", "chunk_text": "\"Paris bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics\"\nAfter Los Angeles agreed on 31 July 2017 to host the 2028 Games. It was officially announced at the IOC Session in Lima, Peru. Paris previously hosted the 1900 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Paris will be the second city (after London) to host the Olympic games three times. Of note, 2024 marks the 100th anniversary of Paris' 1924 Summer Olympics, as well as the first Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix. On July 31, 2017, it was announced that rival bidder Los Angeles would host in 2028, effectively giving Paris the 2024 games. The Olympic Games would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_726	when did ole miss beat alabama in football?	n/a	[ "October 3, 1970", "September 11, 1976", "October 13, 2001", "October 27, 1894", "October 18, 2003", "November 5, 1910", "October 8, 1988", "October 4, 2014", "September 19, 2015", "October 5, 1968" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639367", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nhistory. 1988: Ole Miss stunned #12 Alabama 22–12 in Tuscaloosa, the Rebels' first-ever road victory in the series. This game is known as \"\"The Brick Bowl\"\", due to a claim made by then-Alabama head coach Bill Curry that a brick was thrown through his office's window following the loss. 1989: Following Ole Miss' upset victory the year before, the Rebels hopped out to a 21–0 lead over #13 Alabama in Jackson, MS. The Crimson Tide then scored 62 unanswered points en route to a 62–27 victory. The 21-point comeback still stands as the largest in Alabama football history. 1998: This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639365", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nAlabama–Ole Miss football rivalry The Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Alabama Crimson Tide and Ole Miss Rebels. They are charter members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and both have competed in the SEC West since 1992. Alabama has dominated the series and leads 54–10–2. 1964 Sugar Bowl: In the only meeting in series history played outside of Alabama or Mississippi, #8 Alabama upset #7 Ole Miss 12–7 behind four field goals by kicker Tim Davis. This Sugar Bowl, played at the end of the 1963 season, is notable for being the coldest Sugar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1019746", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nthe 1992 season. It has been one of the conference's most lopsided rivalries, with Alabama officially leading the series 48–11–2 (50–9–2 without NCAA vacations and forfeits). From 2004–2013, Alabama won every single game in this rivalry, six of which were won by double digits. In 2014, however, Ole Miss got its first win over Alabama since 2003 when the #11 Ole Miss Rebels got one of their most signature victories in the history of their football program by beating then–no.3 Alabama, 23–17. The game was sealed by an interception by Ole Miss cornerback Senquez Golson and catapulted Ole Miss to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639366", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nBowl in history, as snow plows were used to clear the Tulane Stadium field prior to the game. 1969: In what is often erroneously referred to as the first prime time regular season football game in history, #20 Ole Miss traveled to Legion Field in Birmingham to face #15 Alabama. A dazzling offensive shootout ensues, highlighted by the play of Ole Miss quarterback Archie Manning. Despite a 540-yard, 5 touchdown effort from Manning, Alabama emerged victorious 33–32 after a last minute touchdown pass by quarterback Scott Hunter. The game has been referred to as among the greatest in college football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20481899", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\ndeficit to five points with just under three minutes left. Alabama was able to run out the clock, preserving a wild 48–43 victory and ending the Rebels' school record two game winning streak in the series. The 21-point comeback tied the 1989 Alabama-Ole Miss game for the largest comeback in Alabama football history. Alabama leads 54–10–2 Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry The Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Alabama Crimson Tide and Ole Miss Rebels. They are charter members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and both have competed in the SEC West since 1992. Alabama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639368", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nwas the first overtime game in series history, with Alabama emerging victorious 20–17. It was the first overtime win in Alabama football history, as well as the first overtime loss in Ole Miss football history. 2006: In 2006, Alabama beat the Rebels in an overtime thriller. In overtime, Ole Miss made a 37-yard field goal, but Alabama scored a touchdown on a pass to Le'Ron McClain to win the game 26–23. 2007: Alabama beat Ole Miss in Oxford by scoring 10 unanswered points to win the game 27–24, amidst controversial rulings from the officials. It was Alabama's fifth consecutive victory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20481898", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nthe Rebels had won in Tuscaloosa. This would be the Crimson Tide's only loss that season as they went on to win the College Football Playoff national championship. 2016: #19 Ole Miss seemed to be on track for an unprecedented third-straight win over the top-ranked Crimson Tide, leading 24–3 with less than 2:47 left to play in the first half. Alabama then scored 24 unanswered points to take a 27–24 lead midway through the third quarter. Late in the fourth quarter, the Tide had extended its lead to 48–30 before Ole Miss scored twice in rapid succession to cut the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4569893", "chunk_text": "\"Auburn–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nAuburn–Ole Miss football rivalry The Auburn–Ole Miss football rivalry is a college football rivalry game between the Tigers of Auburn University and the Rebels of the University of Mississippi. Both founding members of the Southeastern Conference, Auburn and Ole Miss first met on October 20, 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama. Ole Miss won the game by a score of 19–0. After a 14–7 Auburn victory in 1932, the teams didn't meet again until 1949, when the Rebels defeated the Tigers by a score of 40–7. They have met in two bowl games, with Ole Miss winning the 1965 Liberty Bowl by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1019745", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\ntwo point conversion. The Rebels appeared to have won the game by stopping the two point attempt, but a facemask penalty gave the Razorbacks another try. Arkansas converted, winning the game 53–52 in one of the most heartbreaking losses in Hugh Freeze's tenure at Ole Miss. The Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Alabama Crimson Tide football team of the University of Alabama and Ole Miss Rebels football team of the University of Mississippi. Both universities are founding members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and both have competed in the SEC Western Division since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12630621", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nthird in the AP Poll, their highest ranking since 1964. The very next year, Ole Miss played Alabama as nearly double digit underdogs, having won only one road game against Alabama in the history of their program, in 1988. Ole Miss once again managed to upset the second–ranked Crimson Tide, 43–37, thanks in part to an explosive Rebel offense led by quarterback Chad Kelly in a game where the Rebels never trailed and led by as many as twenty points and as many as nineteen in the fourth quarter. This marked the first time Ole Miss had beaten Alabama in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639369", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nover the Rebels. 2014: In 2014, #3 Alabama came into Oxford as a 6-point favorite taking on #11 Ole Miss. Alabama led 14–3 at the half, but were held to only 3 points in the second half. Late in the fourth quarter, Ole Miss scored a go-ahead touchdown, but missed the PAT, leaving the score at 23–17. Alabama drove to Ole Miss 32 yard line, before Blake Sims threw an interception to Senquez Golson with 37 seconds left. This was Ole Miss' first victory over Alabama since 2003, snapping a 10-game losing streak in the series. 2015: #2 Alabama sought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16264087", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nappearance since 1969. However, TCU crushed the Rebels by a score of 42–3. Freeze led to the Rebels to another strong season in 2015, one that featured wins over ranked rivals LSU and Mississippi State, but was headlined by a road victory over then-no.2 Alabama, their first win in Tuscaloosa since 1988 and only the first time they had beaten the Tide in back to back seasons. Ole Miss controlled their own destiny in the SEC West for much of the 2015 campaign, but ultimately finished in second. The Rebels earned a trip to the 2016 Sugar Bowl, their first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4866887", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nfootball history, Ole Miss upset Notre Dame, 20–13 in Mississippi Memorial Stadium on September 17, 1977, in Jackson. That loss was the Irish's lone setback of the 1977 campaign, as Notre Dame finished the season with an 11–1 record and claimed both the AP and UPI national titles. Cooper is now the assistant head coach and offensive line coach at Benedictine Military School in Savannah, Ga. Following the 1977 season, Steve Sloan, the former All-American quarterback at Alabama under Paul \"\"Bear\"\" Bryant, was hired as the new Rebel boss and began his five-year stint in 1978. Sloan posted a 20–34", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12436558", "chunk_text": "\"1964 Sugar Bowl\"\n1964 Sugar Bowl The 1964 Sugar Bowl, part of the 1963 bowl game season, was the 30th annual contest and took place on January 1, 1964, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. The competing teams were the Ole Miss Rebels and the Alabama Crimson Tide, both representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), although the two teams did not play each other in the regular season. The matchup was the first between the flagship universities of these neighboring states in almost twenty years, and only the second in over thirty years. In a defensive struggle, Alabama defeated the Rebels without scoring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639370", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nrevenge for the previous season's defeat, but #15 Ole Miss shot out to a 30–10 lead late in the third quarter. Alabama quickly closed the gap to 30–24 less than three minutes into the fourth. Ole Miss then scored 13 unanswered to extend their lead to 43–24, but had to fight off another Crimson Tide rally to secure a 43–37 upset victory. Alabama committed 5 turnovers in this game, the most ever under head coach Nick Saban. It was the first time in school history that Ole Miss had beaten Alabama in consecutive seasons and just the second time that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13637256", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nHistory of Ole Miss Rebels football The Ole Miss Rebels football team represents the University of Mississippi in the sport of American football. The Rebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The football team was the first in the state of Mississippi when it was formed in 1893. The program ranks 26th on the list of college football's all-time winning programs. Ole Miss claims three national championships (1959, 1960, 1962) and six SEC championships (1947, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1963). The Rebels have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1019710", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nthat a Rebel team has won as many as nine games. This garnered them a berth in the 2014 Peach Bowl—their first major-bowl appearance since 1969. Freeze led to the Rebels to another strong season in 2015, one that featured wins over ranked SEC West Rivals LSU and Mississippi State, but was headlined by a road victory over then-No. 2-ranked Alabama, their first win in Tuscaloosa since 1988 and only the first time they had beaten the Tide in back to back seasons. Ole Miss controlled their own destiny in the SEC West for much of the 2015 campaign, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3429307", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nAugust 16, 2017 Ole Miss Rebels football The Ole Miss Rebels football program represents the University of Mississippi, also known as \"\"Ole Miss\"\". The Rebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The football history of Ole Miss includes the formation of the first football team in the state and the 26th team on the list of college football's all-time winning programs. The Rebels posted their 600th win on September 27, 2008 when they defeated the Florida Gators 31–30. Throughout the 115-year history of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14009182", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nthe Rebels have won six Southeastern Conference titles (1947, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, and 1963) and claim three national titles (1959, 1960, 1962). The team is currently coached by Matt Luke, who was interim head coach in 2017 and led the Rebels to a 6-6 record, including an Egg Bowl win over Mississippi State. In 2017, the Rebels announced a one-year self-imposed bowl-ban after it was revealed the program violated NCAA recruitment rules under former coach Hugh Freeze. The NCAA later extended the postseason ban for an additional year and placed the program on probation until 2020. The Ole Miss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13637327", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nprogram history. On September 30, the Rebels were obliterated by #1 Alabama in a 66-3 crushing. After a 44-23 loss to #12 Auburn, Ole Miss defeated Vanderbilt by a margin of 57-35. After a 40-24 loss to #24 LSU and a heartbreaking 38-37 loss to Arkansas, Ole Miss beat Kentucky in a 37-34 thriller and Louisiana-Lafayette by a margin of 50-22. After a 31-24 loss to Texas A&M, the Rebels closed the season with a 31-28 Egg Bowl upset victory over archrival #16 Mississippi State. On November 27, 2017, one day after the thrilling upset over Mississippi State, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13637300", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\n#7 Alabama, Ole Miss defeated Arkansas State by a score of 38-21. After a 13-7 loss to rival Arkansas, Mississippi lost the Magnolia Bowl to rival #17 LSU by a score of 39-7. After a 31-27 victory over Georgia, Ole Miss lost the Egg Bowl to archrival Mississippi State in a 17-0 shutout. That excitement grew in 1997, when Ole Miss recorded its best season since 1992 with an 8–4 record. They began the season with a 24-23 overtime nail biting victory over UCF. In the season's second game, Tuberville led the Rebels to a 23-15 victory over SMU. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15814616", "chunk_text": "\"Hugh Freeze\"\ncentury. They ultimately finished 9–3, only the third time since Vaught's tenure that Ole Miss has won that many games in the regular season. That netted them an appearance in the 2014 Peach Bowl–their first major bowl appearance since the 1970 Sugar Bowl, and easily the biggest bowl they had attended since Vaught's tenure. On September 19, 2015, Freeze's Rebels beat Alabama, 43–37, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, making Freeze only the third head coach, along with Les Miles and Steve Spurrier, to defeat a Nick Saban-coached team in back-to-back years (Michigan's Lloyd Carr beat Saban's Michigan State Spartans in three consecutive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3429259", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nnamed the permanent head coach after leading the Rebels to a 6-6 record, including a 31-28 Egg Bowl win over Mississippi State. Ole Miss has been affiliated with the following conferences. Ole Miss has been selected National Champions three times by NCAA-deemed Major Selectors. The major wire service polls of the time (Associated Press & United Press), named Syracuse the National Champion in 1959, Minnesota in 1960, and USC in 1962. Ole Miss has won six SEC championships. The SEC has been split into two divisions since the 1992 season with Ole Miss competing in the SEC West since that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13637280", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nin the Magnolia Bowl. On November 13, the Rebels lost to Tennessee by a score of 32-6. They concluded the season on November 20 with a 28-11 loss to their in-state archrivals, Mississippi State, in Jackson, Mississippi. Cooper led the Rebels to a third straight 6–5 mark in 1977. They avenged their previous season's loss to Memphis by defeating the Tigers by a score of 7-3 on September 3. Ole Miss lost to #6 Alabama in Birmingham, Alabama by a count of 34-13. In one of the most memorable games in Rebel football history, Ole Miss upset Notre Dame, 20–13", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8489219", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football under Nick Saban\"\nthe last two games. Saban's 2014 team won the SEC West division and SEC championship and lost to the Ohio State Buckeyes in the inaugural College Football Playoff's semi-final round at the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans to finish 12-2. Saban won his 4th championship at Alabama in 2015 and his 5th at the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium in 2018. Many players who have competed at Alabama during Saban's tenure have also been recognized for their on-field accomplishments. Under his tenure, Mark Ingram Jr. in 2009, and Derrick Henry in 2015 became Alabama's first and second Heisman Trophy winners and 52", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14009181", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nOle Miss Rebels football The Ole Miss Rebels football program represents the University of Mississippi, also known as \"\"Ole Miss\"\". The Rebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The football history of Ole Miss includes the formation of the first football team in the state and the 26th team on the list of college football's all-time winning programs. The Rebels posted their 600th win on September 27, 2008 when they defeated the Florida Gators 31–30. Throughout the 115-year history of Ole Miss football,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18021266", "chunk_text": "\"1963 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\"\ngoal in the second quarter made the halftime score 17–0 in favor of the Crimson Tide. The score remained unchanged until Miami rallied with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns that made the final score 17–12. The first came on a nine-yard George Mira pass to Nick Spinelli and the second on a one-yard Pete Banaszak run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Miami to 5–2. After their loss in the Iron Bowl on November 30, Alabama officially accepted an invitation to play the SEC champion Ole Miss Rebels for the first time since the 1944 season in a Sugar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11387037", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nat Texas A&M), Tuberville began creating excitement in his first season in 1995, finishing the campaign with a 6–5 record and an Egg Bowl victory over Mississippi State. That excitement grew in 1997, when Ole Miss recorded its best season since 1992 with an 8–4 record, a thrilling 15–14 Egg Bowl victory over Mississippi State and a Motor City Bowl win over Marshall University. The bowl appearance was the program's first since 1992, and the Rebels earned a final national ranking of No. 22 in both polls. The revitalized Ole Miss program continued in its success in 1998, but suffered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4866925", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nBulldogs since 2010. The loss resulted in a 5–7 season for the Rebels, and was the first time in Hugh Freeze's tenure at Ole Miss that they would fail to clinch a bowl berth. Neither team has experienced much recent success on the road in this rivalry, as Ole Miss has won six of their last eight home games against MSU and the Bulldogs have won four of their last six home games against Ole Miss. Ole Miss first played LSU on December 3, 1894 winning 26–6 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Throughout the fifties and sixties, games between the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8811349", "chunk_text": "\"1973 Sugar Bowl\"\n1973 Sugar Bowl The 1973 Sugar Bowl, part of the 1973 bowl game season, took place on December 31, 1973, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. The top-ranked Alabama Crimson Tide of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) met the independent Notre Dame Fighting Irish; both teams Underdog Notre Dame won 24–23; the game received a 25.3 Nielsen rating, making it one of the highest-rated college football games in history. Alabama completed the 1973 regular season with an 11–0 record, as conference champions and as national champions as determined by the final UPI coaches poll, released in early Following their victory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9095564", "chunk_text": "\"Memphis–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nMemphis–Ole Miss football rivalry The Memphis–Ole Miss football rivalry, also known as the Mid–South Rivalry, is an American college football rivalry game between the Tigers of the University of Memphis and the Rebels of the University of Mississippi. The rivalry started in 1921. Ole Miss leads the series, 49–11–2. The two schools, separated by just 80 miles, first met in 1921, with Ole Miss winning the first 17 games. Memphis earned a memorable tie in 1963, and won its first game in the series in 1967. From 1962 to 1995, games were played annually (except 1975) in Oxford, Memphis and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15347365", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football\"\nits traditional date and began to be a challenge for the Crimson Tide as Robert Neyland began challenging Alabama for their perennial spot on top of the conference standings. In the 1950s, Jim Goostree, the head trainer for Alabama, began another tradition as he began handing out cigars following a victory over the Volunteers. Between 1971–1981, Alabama held an eleven-game winning streak over the Volunteers and, between 1986–1994, a nine-game unbeaten streak. However, following Alabama's streak, Tennessee responded with a seven-game winning streak from 1995–2001. Alabama has won the last 12 meetings from 2007–2018, a new record. Alabama won the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13637291", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nstudents under the name Students Against Billy Brewer even took out an ad in the university student newspaper calling for Brewer's firing. The 1988 team, with little expected by most people, defeated Alabama in Tuscaloosa on their homecoming for the first time in history, came from behind to win two more games and looked to be in excellent position to secure a winning season and bowl berth. But the Rebels fell to Tulane in a devastating 14–9 upset on homecoming and also suffered a very heartbreaking loss to a 5–6 Tennessee team at home before rallying to trounce Mississippi State", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16077210", "chunk_text": "\"University of Alabama traditions\"\nTigers (also called Sewanee) withdrew from the SEC in 1940, de-emphasized athletics, and no longer competes at the Division I level. Georgia (\"\"Bulldogs\"\"), like Alabama, is a member of the SEC, but the Crimson Tide and Bulldogs are in different divisions and play each other only once every six years, unless the schools meet in the SEC Championship Game. This most recently occurred on December 1, 2018, resulting in a University of Alabama victory of 35-28. The \"\"Rammer Jammer Cheer\"\" is a traditional cheer. The lyrics originate from \"\"The Rammer-Jammer\"\", a student magazine in the 1920s, and the yellowhammer, Alabama's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12032083", "chunk_text": "\"Ole Miss Rebels\"\nRebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The football history of Ole Miss includes the formation of the first football team in the state and the 26th team on the list of college football's all-time winning programs. The Ole Miss Rebels posted their 600th win on September 27, 2008 when they defeated the (then ranked No. 4 and future 2008 BCS National Champ) Florida Gators 31–30 at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville, Florida. Throughout the 115-year history of Ole Miss football, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7966745", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\"\nOn the kickoff that ensued, Channing Ward forced a Christion Jones fumble that was recovered by Kailo Moore at the Alabama 31-yard line. Five plays later the Rebels took a 23–17 lead after Wallace threw a 10-yard touchdown pass to Jaylen Walton, but Fletcher missed the extra point. Ole Miss then secured the win late in the quarter after Senquez Golson intercepted a Sims pass in the endzone to effectively end the game. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against the Rebels to 48–10–2 (51–9–2 without NCAA vacations and forfeits). In the 2014 edition of their game against Arkansas, Alabama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15347371", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football\"\nopponents. Alabama leads the series 28–21–3; Georgia Tech won the last meeting in 1984. Alabama's fight song, \"\"Yea Alabama\"\", mentions Georgia Tech with the line \"\"Send those Yellow Jackets to a watery grave.\"\" There have been many historic games between Alabama and Penn State. The two teams met five times during the tenure of Bear Bryant, including in the 1979 Sugar Bowl, which determined the national championship for the 1978 season. The games usually have national implications – seven of the fifteen meetings between the two schools have featured both teams ranked in the Top 10 – and eight of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533067", "chunk_text": "\"University of Alabama\"\nin what was considered the \"\"Game of the Century\"\" and subsequently split the national championship. On December 12, 2009, sophomore running back Mark Ingram was awarded the Heisman Trophy as college football's best player. In being so named, Ingram became the first Heisman Trophy winner for the University of Alabama. Alabama defeated Texas 37–21 in the BCS Championship game on January 7, 2010, capping a perfect season, an SEC Championship, and winning its first national championship in the BCS era. Alabama defeated Louisiana State University 21-0 on January 9, 2012, to win its second BCS National Championship. Alabama won its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4727244", "chunk_text": "\"Egg Bowl\"\nschool for the second half of the new year. The game was given the nickname \"\"Egg Bowl\"\" by Clarion-Ledger sportswriter Tom Patterson in 1979. Egg Bowl The Egg Bowl is the name given to the Mississippi State–Mississippi football rivalry. It is an American college football rivalry game played annually between Southeastern Conference members Mississippi State University and Ole Miss (The University of Mississippi). The rivalry is the tenth longest uninterrupted series in the United States. The two teams first played each other in 1901. Since 1927 the winning squad has been awarded possession of the \"\"Golden Egg Trophy\"\". In cases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19941219", "chunk_text": "\"Arkansas–Ole Miss football rivalry\"\nArkansas–Ole Miss football rivalry The Arkansas–Ole Miss football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Arkansas Razorbacks football team of the University of Arkansas and the Ole Miss Rebels football team of the University of Mississippi. The teams first met in 1908, and have played each other every year since 1981. Arkansas leads the series, which includes two wins by Ole Miss in postseason bowl games, the 1963 and 1970 Sugar Bowls. The rivalry between Arkansas and Ole Miss developed partially due to geography. Besides being neighboring states in the southeastern United States, from the University of Arkansas'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13637326", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nwas the assistant head coach/offensive coordinator. After Cutcliffe took the Duke head coaching job in December 2007, Luke was hired as the team's offensive coordinator/offensive line coach, serving in that capacity until returning to his alma mater to join Hugh Freeze's staff in 2012. The Rebels finished 6–6 in 2017. The started the season with a 47-27 rout of South Alabama. After a 45-23 victory over FCS opponent Tennessee-Martin, Ole Miss suffered its first loss of the season in a 27-16 defeat at the hands of California, the first time the Rebels faced a Pac-12 Conference team in football in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7484303", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football under Nick Saban\"\n2016 and 2017 saw blowout wins of 49-10 and 45-7 for the Tide over the Volunteers. At the conclusion of the 2017 season, Alabama defensive coordinator Jeremy Pruitt was hired as the Tennessee head coach. In 2018, Alabama again routed Tennessee by a final of 58-21 scoring the most points ever by one team in the series. It broke the previous record set back in 1986, when Alabama had scored 56. Louisiana State University (LSU) and Alabama first met on the field in 1895 and continuously since 1964. However, the annual game against the Tigers was not considered a rivalry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16264078", "chunk_text": "\"History of Ole Miss Rebels football\"\nthe then-ranked Wake Forest Demon Deacons, 30–28, on a last-second field goal. After defeating Samford, Ole Miss lost to the Vanderbilt Commodores at home. After the loss, the Rebels traveled to Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville, Florida, where they defeated the #4-ranked, and eventual national champion, Florida Gators, 31–30, after blocking Florida's attempt at a tying extra point and a defensive stop of Florida quarterback Tim Tebow on 4th-and-1. The next weekend, the Rebels lost to South Carolina. Next on the schedule was Alabama, ranked No. 2 in the nation at the time. During the game, Ole Miss became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7407452", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama–Mississippi State football rivalry\"\nMemphis, Tennessee, to select the first bulldog mascot. Ptolemy, a gift of the Edgar Webster family, was chosen and the Bulldogs promptly defeated Alabama 20–7. Alabama–Mississippi State is one of the Southeastern Conference's longest-running series, dating back to 1896. Mississippi State is Alabama's most played opponent, while Alabama is MSU's third most played team behind Ole Miss and LSU. Aside from the Alabama–Ole Miss football rivalry, it also has been one of the league's most lopsided with Alabama leading the series 81–18–3 (83–17–3 on the field). Despite this, the Bulldogs have won 8 times in Bryant–Denny Stadium, which is tied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4727237", "chunk_text": "\"Egg Bowl\"\nEgg Bowl The Egg Bowl is the name given to the Mississippi State–Mississippi football rivalry. It is an American college football rivalry game played annually between Southeastern Conference members Mississippi State University and Ole Miss (The University of Mississippi). The rivalry is the tenth longest uninterrupted series in the United States. The two teams first played each other in 1901. Since 1927 the winning squad has been awarded possession of the \"\"Golden Egg Trophy\"\". In cases where the game ended in a tie the previous winner retained possession of the trophy. Ole Miss leads the series, 64–45–6. The game is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15347364", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football\"\nrivalry with Auburn, Bear Bryant was more adamant about defeating his rivals to the north, the Tennessee Volunteers. The series is named the Third Saturday in October, the traditional calendar date on which the game was played. Despite the name, the game has only been played on the third Saturday five times between 1995–2007. The first game between the two sides was played in 1901 in Birmingham, ending in a 6–6 tie. From 1902 to 1913, Alabama dominated the series, only losing once, and never allowing a touchdown by the Volunteers. Beginning in 1928, the rivalry was first played on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5340386", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football\"\n1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1989, 1992, 1999, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018). The school has won more SEC football titles than any other school, including seven since the conference split into separate divisions and added the Championship Game in 1992. Alabama is the only SEC school to win an SEC Championship in every decade since the conference was founded in 1933. The SEC has been split into two divisions since the 1992 season. Alabama competes in the SEC West. Alabama has won or shared 14 division titles, and has posted a 8–4 record in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17337205", "chunk_text": "\"Greg McElroy\"\nOle Miss at Vaught–Hemingway Stadium in front of 62,657 fans, a record for the state of Mississippi. Another slow start kept the game close for Alabama, as the Crimson Tide led 3–0 midway through the first quarter. Alabama's only offensive touchdown finally came with under a minute in the second quarter, when running back Mark Ingram rushed for a 36-yard touchdown, en route to 22–3 victory. McElroy's worst performance of the season occurred on October 17, when Alabama hosted #22 South Carolina. He completed just half of his passes, including two interceptions. However, running back Mark Ingram helped Alabama to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15347366", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football\"\nmost recent meeting 58-21 in Knoxville, and leads the series 56-38–7. A rivalry within the SEC Western Division occurs yearly between Alabama and the LSU Tigers. Starting in 1895, the Tigers were victorious 12–6 in the first meeting. The teams did not regularly meet until the mid-1960s during Alabama's dominance of the SEC. Between 1971–1981, the Crimson Tide won 11 consecutive times. In the 1969 game, LSU defeated Alabama 20–15 in Baton Rouge. Alabama did not lose again in Baton Rouge until 2000. In 2007, the meeting was more heated following Alabama's hiring of head coach Nick Saban, who previously", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8489260", "chunk_text": "\"Alabama Crimson Tide football under Nick Saban\"\nAlabama topped Auburn 30-12 in Tuscaloosa. The 2016 win marked the first time that Alabama had defeated Auburn three consecutive years since 1990-1992. Alabama would fall to Auburn in 2017, 26-14 in the Tide's only loss of the season. It marked the first time since 1969 that the tigers had defeated the Tide by a margin of more than 10 points. The Third Saturday in October is the name given to Alabama's annual game against the University of Tennessee Volunteers. Through the 2018 season, Saban has compiled an overall record of twelve wins and zero losses (12–0) against the Volunteers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_727	who sang the song how far is heaven?	n/a	[ "Los Lonely Boys" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4189391", "chunk_text": "\"Kitty Wells\"\nwas widowed 33 days before their 74th wedding anniversary when Johnnie died in 2011, aged 97. Kitty and Johnnie had three children, Ruby, Bobby, and Carol Sue, eight grandchildren, 12 great grandchildren, and six great-great grandchildren. Carol Sue released a single with Wells in the mid-'50s titled \"\"How Far Is Heaven\"\", which peaked at No. 11 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Country Chart. Two of Wells' children have had tries as country music singers. Ruby recorded an album for the Kapp label, while Bobby recorded albums for both Decca and ABC. Carol Sue, did not pursue a career in music but was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8660446", "chunk_text": "\"From a Distance\"\nFrom a Distance \"\"From a Distance\"\" is a song written in 1985 by American singer-songwriter Julie Gold. Gold was working as a secretary at the time for HBO and writing songs in her free time. Gold's friend, Christine Lavin, introduced the song to Nanci Griffith, who first recorded it for her 1987 album, \"\"Lone Star State of Mind\"\". The song was covered a number of times, with the most successful being a version by Bette Midler which became a major hit in 1990. Julie Gold has stated that she believes in an immanent and beneficent God, and also thinks that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12477379", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (Bryan Adams song)\"\nHeaven (Bryan Adams song) \"\"Heaven\"\" is a song by the Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams recorded in 1983, written by Adams and Jim Vallance. It first appeared on the \"\"A Night in Heaven\"\" soundtrack album the same year and was later included on Adams' album \"\"Reckless\"\" in 1984. It was released as the third single from \"\"Reckless\"\" and reached number one on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in June 1985, over a year and a half after the song first appeared on record. The single was certified Gold in Canada in 1985. Heavily influenced by Journey's 1983 hit \"\"Faithfully\"\", the power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17438785", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Ford\"\nMary Ford Mary Ford (born Iris Colleen Summers; July 7, 1924 – September 30, 1977) was an American vocalist and guitarist, comprising half of the husband-and-wife musical team Les Paul and Mary Ford. Between 1950 and 1954, the couple had 16 top-ten hits, including \"\"How High the Moon\"\" and \"\"Vaya con Dios\"\", which were number one hits on the \"\"Billboard\"\" charts. In 1951 alone they sold six million records. With Paul, Ford became one of the early practitioners of multi-tracking. Mary Ford was born Iris Colleen Summers in El Monte, California, the second daughter of Marshall McKinley Summers (born February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17943503", "chunk_text": "\"Distant Drums (song)\"\nDistant Drums (song) \"\"Distant Drums\"\" is a song which provided US singer Jim Reeves with his only UK No. 1 hit – albeit posthumously – in the United Kingdom in 1966, some two years after his death in a plane crash on 31 July 1964. The song remained in the UK Singles Chart for 45 weeks. The single also topped the US country chart for four weeks, becoming his most successful posthumous single. Although Roy Orbison had recorded the song in 1963, it is Reeves' version of \"\"Distant Drums\"\" which has endured over the years. During its time at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10170705", "chunk_text": "\"Too Much Heaven\"\nToo Much Heaven \"\"Too Much Heaven\"\" is a song by the Bee Gees, which was the band's contribution to the \"\"Music for UNICEF\"\" fund. They performed it at the Music for UNICEF Concert on 9 January 1979. The song later found its way to the group's thirteenth original album, \"\"Spirits Having Flown\"\". It hit No. 1 in both the United States and Canada. In the United States, the song was the first single out of three from the album to interrupt a song's stay at #1. \"\"Too Much Heaven\"\" knocked \"\"Le Freak\"\" off the top spot for two weeks before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12349185", "chunk_text": "\"Too Much Heaven\"\nin six weeks between 30 December 1978 and 3 February 1979 behind Chic's \"\"Le Freak\"\". !scope=\"\"row\"\"\| Total certified sales: Too Much Heaven \"\"Too Much Heaven\"\" is a song by the Bee Gees, which was the band's contribution to the \"\"Music for UNICEF\"\" fund. They performed it at the Music for UNICEF Concert on 9 January 1979. The song later found its way to the group's thirteenth original album, \"\"Spirits Having Flown\"\". It hit No. 1 in both the United States and Canada. In the United States, the song was the first single out of three from the album to interrupt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10826649", "chunk_text": "\"If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away\"\nIf Heaven Wasn't So Far Away \"\"If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away\"\" is a song written by Dallas Davidson, Rob Hatch, and Brett Jones. It was first recorded by American country artist Rhett Akins, whose version was released as a single in September 2006 but did not chart. Justin Moore covered the song and released it as a single in February 2011 as the lead-off single to his second studio album \"\"Outlaws Like Me\"\". Moore's cover is his fifth single release, his third Top 10 hit, and his second Number One single. Moore said he chose to record the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4703012", "chunk_text": "\"How Long (J. D. Souther song)\"\nHow Long (J. D. Souther song) \"\"How Long\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter J. D. Souther. Written in 1971 it was originally recorded by Souther for his 1972 debut solo album, \"\"John David Souther\"\". It was given a limited release as a promotional 7-inch 45 rpm single in 1972 with Souther's \"\"The Fast One\"\" on the B-side. The Eagles, longtime friends and collaborators with Souther, frequently performed \"\"How Long\"\" in concert during the early and mid-1970s. In 2007, the band covered the song for their album \"\"Long Road Out of Eden\"\", the group's first full studio album since 1979.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15071943", "chunk_text": "\"Something Happened on the Way to Heaven\"\nSomething Happened on the Way to Heaven \"\"Something Happened on the Way to Heaven\"\" is a song performed by Phil Collins and released in 1990, from the album \"\"...But Seriously\"\". The song reached the number 4 spot on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 charts that same year. A live performance also appears on the \"\"Serious Hits... Live!\"\" album. The only time the title of the song is used is the second line of the third verse. The song is often identified by the recurring hook of \"\"How many times can I say 'I'm sorry'?\"\". The song was written by Phil Collins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20441786", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven Is\"\nHeaven Is \"\"Heaven Is\"\" is a 1993 single by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their 1992 multi-platinum album \"\"Adrenalize\"\". The single reached number 13 in the UK. In a statement on the \"\"\"\" and \"\"Best of Def Leppard\"\" compilation albums, the band's lead singer Joe Elliott described the song's backing vocals on the chorus sounded much like The Beach Boys, and said that it was the first time Def Leppard went that far. He also described the song as being \"\"More Queen than Queen\"\". Lead guitarist Phil Collen said that this song had been around for years and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "572925", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven Is\"\nHeaven Is \"\"Heaven Is\"\" is a 1993 single by British hard rock band Def Leppard from their 1992 multi-platinum album \"\"Adrenalize\"\". The single reached number 13 in the UK. In a statement on the \"\"\"\" and \"\"Best of Def Leppard\"\" compilation albums, the band's lead singer Joe Elliott described the song's backing vocals on the chorus sounded much like The Beach Boys, and said that it was the first time Def Leppard went that far. He also described the song as being \"\"More Queen than Queen\"\". Lead guitarist Phil Collen said that this song had been around for years and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5218127", "chunk_text": "\"We Found Heaven Right Here on Earth at \"\"4033\"\"\"\nsentiments - a far cry from 'The Window Up Above,'\"\" and it was only at his producer H.W. \"\"Pappy\"\" Daily's insistence that he recorded the song at all. \"\"From Here To The Door\"\" was written by Don Chapel, who was married to Tammy Wynette at the time. \"\"We Found Heaven Right Here on Earth at \"\"4033\"\"\"\" would rise to number 3 on the country album chart. Album – Billboard (North America) We Found Heaven Right Here on Earth at \"\"4033\"\" We Found Heaven Right Here on Earth at \"\"4033\"\" is an album by American country music artist George Jones released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6172220", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (The Psychedelic Furs song)\"\nHeaven (The Psychedelic Furs song) \"\"Heaven\"\" is a song by the English rock band The Psychedelic Furs, written by the band's lead singer Richard Butler and bass player Tim Butler. It was the first single from the band's fourth studio album, \"\"Mirror Moves\"\" (1984). As a single it reached the top 30 of the charts in the United Kingdom and peaked at number 41 in New Zealand. Released in 1984, \"\"Heaven\"\" entered the UK Singles Chart in April 1984, peaked at number 29, and spent five weeks in the chart. The song reached number 41 in New Zealand. British filmmaker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11672471", "chunk_text": "\"Outside of Heaven\"\nOutside of Heaven \"\"Outside of Heaven\"\" is a popular music song written by Sammy Gallop and Chester Conn. A recording by Eddie Fisher with Hugo Winterhalter's orchestra and chorus was made at Manhattan Center, New York City, on July 19, 1952. It was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-4953 (in USA) and by EMI on the His Master's voice label as catalog number B 10362. Fisher's version reached number one in the UK Singles Chart in 1953. \"\"Outside of Heaven\"\" was the first UK hit for Fisher, and only the fourth single to top the, then fledgling,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "523756", "chunk_text": "\"Grace Knight\"\nGrace Knight Grace Ethel Knight (born 23 December 1955, Manchester) is an English-born, Australian vocalist, saxophone player, and songwriter. She was a mainstay of Indie pop group Eurogliders during the 1980s which formed in Perth. Knight later became a solo jazz singer and musician based in Sydney. In 1984, Eurogliders released an Australian top ten album, \"\"This Island\"\", which spawned their No. 2 hit single, \"\"Heaven (Must Be There)\"\". \"\"Heaven\"\" also peaked at No. 21 on the United States' \"\"Billboard\"\" Mainstream Rock charts and appeared on the Hot 100. The song, written by Eurogliders' guitarist, Bernie Lynch, and vocals by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "128122", "chunk_text": "\"Halfway to Heaven (Europe song)\"\nHalfway to Heaven (Europe song) \"\"Halfway to Heaven\"\" is a 1992 single released by the Swedish heavy metal band Europe. It was the third single from their album \"\"Prisoners in Paradise\"\". The single charted at number 42 in the United Kingdom. The song was co-written by Europe vocalist Joey Tempest and Canadian musician/songwriter Jim Vallance in Vancouver, Canada in April 1991. \"\"In March 1991 I received a call from Frankie LaRocka, former drummer for Bryan Adams,\"\" Vallance says, \"\"Frankie was working as an A&R man for Epic Records in New York, and he wanted to put me together with Joey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15893078", "chunk_text": "\"The Kendalls\"\nThe Kendalls The Kendalls were an American country music duo, consisting of Royce Kendall (born Royce Kykendall in Saint Louis, Missouri, September 25, 1935 – May 22, 1998) and his daughter Jeannie Kendall (born October 30, 1954). Between the 1960s and 1990s, they released sixteen albums on various labels, including five on Mercury Records. Between 1977 and 1985, 22 of their singles reached the top 40 on \"\"Billboard\"\"s country singles charts, including three number one hits, \"\"Heaven's Just a Sin Away\"\" (also a No. 69 pop hit), \"\"Sweet Desire\"\", and \"\"Thank God for the Radio\"\"; eight additional singles reached the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8106990", "chunk_text": "\"Far Away Places\"\nFar Away Places \"\"Far Away Places\"\" is an American popular song. It was written by Joan Whitney and Alex Kramer and published in 1948. The recording by Bing Crosby & The Ken Darby Choir was recorded on November 25, 1948 and released by Decca Records as catalog number 24532. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on December 31, 1948 and lasted 18 weeks on the chart, peaking at #2. The recording by Margaret Whiting was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 15278. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on December 17, 1948 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5820716", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (British band)\"\nHeaven (British band) Heaven were a British jazz-influenced rock band from Portsmouth who appeared at the Isle of Wight Festivals in 1969 and 1970, when managed by festival compere Rikki Farr. The band released one album in 1971 before splitting up. The band was formed in 1968 by Brian Kemp (bass guitar, banjo, vocals) (b. 1945 d. September 25, 1992, Oueen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Hampshire, England), Andy Scarisbrick (lead guitar, vocals) (b. 1951 now deceased), Ray \"\"Ollie\"\" Holloway (tenor saxophone, flute) (b. 1947), Dave Gautrey (trumpet, flugelhorn) (b. 1945), Ray King (baritone & tenor saxophone, clarinet, penny whistle, vocals) (b.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11667580", "chunk_text": "\"Too Much of Heaven\"\nToo Much of Heaven \"\"Too Much of Heaven\"\" is a song written by Italian dance group Eiffel 65 and the second official single from their first album \"\"Europop\"\". The single was originally released in Italy on 11 May 1999. It was later released in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and in several European countries in March 2000. \"\"Too Much of Heaven\"\", peaked at number 20 for 9 weeks on the (Eurochart Hot 100). This was the last Eiffel 65 song to peak at number 1 on the Italian singles chart, and a top 10 hit in France and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19692555", "chunk_text": "\"How Much Love (Leo Sayer song)\"\nHow Much Love (Leo Sayer song) \"\"How Much Love\"\" is a popular song from 1977 by the British singer Leo Sayer. It was the third of three single releases from Sayer's 1976 album, \"\"Endless Flight\"\". The song was co-written by Sayer with Barry Mann. The song became an international Top 10 hit. Although it reached only number 17 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, it hit number 9 on the U.S. \"\"Cashbox\"\" Top 100, and number 10 in the UK. \"\"How Much Love\"\" was a much bigger hit in Canada, where it peaked at number 4 and was the 57th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7765544", "chunk_text": "\"Halfway to Heaven (Harry Chapin song)\"\nHalfway to Heaven (Harry Chapin song) \"\"Halfway to Heaven\"\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included, but not released as a single, on his 1974 album, Verities and Balderdash. The song is based on a true conversation he had while at a train station about sexual morality. The song was inspired when Harry arrived at a train station and his wife, Sandra Chapin, was late picking him up. He started talking with a man who, as the conversation continued, started confiding in him about his personal life. The conversation was about sexual morality and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "333119", "chunk_text": "\"How Far We've Come\"\nHow Far We've Come \"\"How Far We've Come\"\" is a song by American alternative rock group Matchbox Twenty. It was released in September 2007 as the lead single from their retrospective collection, \"\"Exile on Mainstream\"\", which was released on October 2, 2007. The music video premiered on VH1's \"\"Top 20 Countdown\"\" on September 1, 2007. The CD single comes with two live covers as B-sides; \"\"Remedy\"\" by The Black Crowes and \"\"Modern Love\"\" by David Bowie. These two songs are also on the Best Buy version of \"\"Exile on Mainstream\"\". The Phonographic Performance Company of Australia announced that \"\"How Far", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4104677", "chunk_text": "\"The Edge of Heaven\"\nThe Edge of Heaven \"\"The Edge of Heaven\"\" is a song by British pop duo Wham!, released on Epic Records in 1986. It was written by George Michael, one half of the duo, and was promoted in advance as Wham!'s farewell single. With the known desire of George Michael to move into a more adult market, Wham! had announced in the spring of 1986 that Michael and his musical partner Andrew Ridgeley would go their separate ways after a farewell single, album and concert. The album was called \"\"The Final\"\" and the concert was held in front of 72,000 fans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14191082", "chunk_text": "\"Johnnie Wright\"\nfull house of fans, family and friends that included Ricky Skaggs, The Whites, Marty Stuart, Connie Smith, Leona Williams, Tommy Cash, Jack Greene, Jean Shepard and comedian-impressionist Johnny Counterfit. Kitty Wells and Johnnie Wright were married on October 30, 1937. Together they had three children, two daughters Ruby (1939–2009) and Carol Sue, and one son, Bobby. Each of their children enjoyed minor success individually as recording artists—Carol Sue, on a mid-1950s duet with Wells titled \"\"How Far is Heaven\"\"; Ruby, with a hit called \"\"Dern 'Ya,\"\" an \"\"answer song\"\" to Roger Miller's \"\"Dang Me\"\"; and Bobby, with a series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1954804", "chunk_text": "\"How Can Heaven Love Me\"\nHow Can Heaven Love Me \"\"How Can Heaven Love Me\"\" is a 1995 single by soprano Sarah Brightman and Chris Thompson, from her album \"\"Fly\"\". Andrew Eldritch from Sisters of Mercy provided the vocals for the German interlude in the song. This is the first of two collaborations with Chris Thompson; the second being the single version of \"\"Where the Lost Ones Go\"\" in 2007. The original 1995 release of the album features a 'softer' version of the song, however the 1996 re-issue includes the video version. In Brightman's , she mentions that when director David Mallet was making a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8126970", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel\"\nHeaven Must Be Missing an Angel \"\"Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel\"\" is a disco song written by Freddie Perren and Keni St. Lewis. It was recorded by the American band Tavares in 1976. It was released as a single from the album \"\"Sky High!\"\" and was split into two parts: the first part was 3 minutes and 28 seconds in length, while the second part was 3 minutes and 10 seconds. \"\"Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel\"\" was re-released in February 1986. \"\"Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel\"\" reached number 15 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in 1976.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6654415", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (Los Lonely Boys song)\"\nHeaven (Los Lonely Boys song) \"\"Heaven\"\" is the debut single of American rock band Los Lonely Boys. The song was written by brothers Henry, Jojo and Ringo Garza, who comprise the foundation of the band, and it appears on their multi-platinum self-titled album. Released as a single in mid-2004, \"\"Heaven\"\" reached the Top 40 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at 16 in August. Later that year, the song began a sixteen-week run at number 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Adult Contemporary chart in October. It was also a minor hit at country radio, where it peaked at number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16136933", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Gold\"\nJulie Gold Julie Gold (born February 3, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter. She is best known for her musical composition \"\"From a Distance,\"\" which became a hit for Bette Midler and won a Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1991. \"\"From a Distance\"\" has millions of airplays. It has been recited into the Congressional Record by Senator Barbara Boxer, recorded internationally and translated into many languages. It has been illustrated as a children’s book and machined into music boxes. It has been quoted in books, calendars, greeting cards and the wake-up call for astronauts in the Mir space", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17388073", "chunk_text": "\"Stairway to Heaven\"\nreleased in late 1985 by the British band Far Corporation. It was the first single from their debut album, \"\"Division One.\"\" Their rendition became an international Top 20 hit, reaching number eight in the United Kingdom and number nine in Ireland. The following year it charted at number 16 in South Africa and number 89 in the United States. The song became their greatest hit. Stairway to Heaven \"\"Stairway to Heaven\"\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971. It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2249800", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (Warrant song)\"\nHeaven (Warrant song) Heaven is a song by American glam metal band Warrant. It was released in July 1989 as the second single from Warrant's debut album \"\"Dirty Rotten Filthy Stinking Rich\"\". The power ballad is Warrant's most commercially successful single, spending two weeks at number two on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 (kept from the top spot by Milli Vanilli's ‘Girl I'm Gonna Miss You’), and reaching number one in \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and number three on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The track's commercial success has led it to becoming one of the best known songs by the band. \"\"Heaven\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12470258", "chunk_text": "\"500 Miles High\"\n500 Miles High \"\"500 Miles High\"\" is a jazz fusion song by Chick Corea and Return to Forever. Composed by Corea with lyrics by Neville Potter, it was recorded in 1972 for the group's second album, \"\"Light as a Feather\"\", which was released in 1973. Brazilian singer Flora Purim provides the vocal and the piece became her signature song and a jazz standard. \"\"500 Miles High\"\" is one of three pieces on \"\"Light as a Feather\"\" which feature vocals by Purim. At over nine minutes in length, it is largely an instrumental and contains three verses. The song opens with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11299336", "chunk_text": "\"Something Happened on the Way to Heaven\"\n2003 and stayed at the top spot until February 2004. The track spent 11 weeks at number one, ten of them consecutively, making it the first single on the chart to accomplish this feat, which she would hold until 2009, when Lady Gaga broke that record with her single \"\"Poker Face\"\", which spent 15 weeks at the top. Something Happened on the Way to Heaven \"\"Something Happened on the Way to Heaven\"\" is a song performed by Phil Collins and released in 1990, from the album \"\"...But Seriously\"\". The song reached the number 4 spot on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16136934", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Gold\"\nstation the first time Americans worked with Russians in space. A wide range of recording artists have covered it, including Jewel, Elaine Paige, Cliff Richard, the African Children's Choir, Judy Collins, the Byrds, Fairport Convention and Donna Summer. Nanci Griffith, the first to record \"\"From a Distance\"\", has also recorded Gold's songs \"\"Heaven\"\", \"\"Southbound Train\"\", \"\"Good Night New York\"\" and \"\"Mountain of Sorrow\"\". Other artists who performed Gold's songs include Patti LaBelle, Patti LuPone, Lea Salonga, and Andrea Marcovicci. Her song \"\"Thanks to You\"\" was featured in the 1993 film \"\"Andre\"\", and \"\"Dream Loud\"\" was featured in the 2002 film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6348008", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (Inna song)\"\nHeaven (Inna song) \"\"Heaven\"\" is a song recorded by Romanian recording artist Inna. It was released for digital download on 10 June 2016 through Roton. The recording was written by Andreas Schuller, Leroy Clampitt, Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, Laila Samulesen, Trey Campbell and Theea Eliza Miculescu, while production was handled by Barac and Botezan. A dance-pop and tropical house recording, the single was generally acclaimed by music critics, who praised it as an earworm with Middle Eastern influences. While reviews noted lyrics in English, French, and Spanish, the singer explained that the refrain was written in a language she invented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20996573", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\"\nHeaven Is a Place on Earth \"\"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Belinda Carlisle for her second studio album \"\"Heaven on Earth\"\" (1987). Written by Rick Nowels and Ellen Shipley, the power ballad was released as the album's lead single in September 1987, and it hit number one on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on December 5, 1987, becoming Carlisle's only US chart-topper. A month later it hit number one in the United Kingdom, where it held the top spot of the UK Singles Chart for two weeks. \"\"Heaven is a Place on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1083886", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Bradford\"\nfollowing a racial incident; he continued singing after returning to attend the Snow Hill Institute in Snow Hill, Alabama, where he acquired the title \"\"Professor\"\" while teaching as a student. He moved to Chicago in 1947, where he worked briefly with Roberta Martin and toured with Mahalia Jackson, then struck out on his own with his own group, the Bradford Singers, followed by another group, the Bradford Specials. He recorded his first hit record, \"\"Too Close To Heaven\"\" (1954), billed as Professor Alex Bradford and his singers, sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc, then followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256575", "chunk_text": "\"The Number One Song in Heaven\"\nThe Number One Song in Heaven \"\"The Number One Song in Heaven\"\" is a disco song by the American rock duo Sparks. Released as a single in 1979, the song was produced and co-written by electro-disco producer Giorgio Moroder. It became a top 20 hit in the UK, where it peaked at number 14. In addition to the standard black vinyl, both the 7\"\" and 12\"\" versions of the single were issued in a variety of coloured vinyl releases (red, blue, and green). Sparks rerecorded the song in 1997, one version of which featured vocals by Jimmy Somerville and orchestrations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1236455", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Gold\"\nfounding couple in Philadelphia's Reform Temple Beth Elohim. Her Jewish background has influenced her songs. Julie Gold Julie Gold (born February 3, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter. She is best known for her musical composition \"\"From a Distance,\"\" which became a hit for Bette Midler and won a Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1991. \"\"From a Distance\"\" has millions of airplays. It has been recited into the Congressional Record by Senator Barbara Boxer, recorded internationally and translated into many languages. It has been illustrated as a children’s book and machined into music boxes. It has been quoted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17487307", "chunk_text": "\"Eight Miles High\"\nEight Miles High \"\"Eight Miles High\"\" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by Gene Clark, Jim McGuinn (a.k.a. Roger McGuinn), and David Crosby and first released as a single on March 14, 1966 (\"\"see\"\" 1966 in music). Musically influenced by Ravi Shankar and John Coltrane, \"\"Eight Miles High\"\", along with its McGuinn and Crosby-penned B-side \"\"Why\"\", was influential in developing the musical styles of psychedelic rock, raga rock, and psychedelic pop. Accordingly, critics often cite \"\"Eight Miles High\"\" as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song, as well as a classic of the counterculture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13726016", "chunk_text": "\"If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away\"\nmeeting him. Other deceaseds the man thinks about connecting with include a cousin John (who was killed in action in Vietnam), his hunting dog, three teenage girls who were classmates of his in 1999, and singers Hank Williams and Janis Joplin. With the later two, he says he would ask Williams why he took pills that eventually killed him \"\"back in '53\"\" and he asks Joplin to sing the second verse of \"\"Me and Bobby McGee\"\". The central theme is the ability to cross the mortal divide and reconnect with loved ones lost long ago. Brian Mansfield of \"\"USA Today\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12697087", "chunk_text": "\"Way Too Far\"\nWay Too Far \"\"Way Too Far\"\" is a song written and recorded by American nu metal band Korn. It was released as the third single from Korn's tenth studio album, \"\"The Path of Totality\"\", on March 6, 2012. The single features production and additional music by 12th Planet, Flinch, and Downlink. Jonathan Davis explained the song's meaning: \"\"Way Too Far\"\" was released to active rock and heritage rock radio stations without an official impact date sometime in March 2012. It debuted and peaked at number 38 on the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" Mainstream Rock chart, failing to match the success of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1427991", "chunk_text": "\"How Far Do You Wanna Go?\"\nHow Far Do You Wanna Go? \"\"How Far Do You Wanna Go?\"\" is a song recorded by American country music group Gloriana, written by Danny Myrick, Jeffrey Steele and Matt Serletic. It was released in September 2009 as the second single from the band's self-titled debut album. \"\"How Far Do You Wanna Go?\"\" was written by Nashville songwriter Jeffrey Steele, former Western Flyer member Danny Myrick and songwriter/record producer Matt Serletic, who produced Gloriana's album. It is an up-tempo featuring band member Tom Gossin on lead vocals. In it, the male narrator states that he wishes to leave town with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16468107", "chunk_text": "\"Heaven (1977 Bonnie Tyler song)\"\nHeaven (1977 Bonnie Tyler song) \"\"Heaven\"\" is a song performed by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler. The song was written by Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe, who produced the song with David Mackay. It was released in July 1977 by RCA Records, as the lead single from Tyler's second studio album \"\"Natural Force\"\" (1978). The lyrics depict Tyler realising that her relationship with her partner is breaking down. The song did not repeat the success of Tyler's previous singles \"\"Lost in France\"\" and \"\"More Than a Lover\"\", and only charted in Germany and Australia. Tyler released another single entitled \"\"Heaven\"\" from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7861191", "chunk_text": "\"Three Steps to Heaven (song)\"\nThree Steps to Heaven (song) \"\"Three Steps to Heaven\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by Eddie Cochran, released in 1960. The record became a posthumous UK number-one hit for Cochran following his death in a car accident in April 1960. In the US it did not reach the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. \"\"Three Steps To Heaven\"\" was recorded in January 1960 and featured Buddy Holly's Crickets on instruments. The song was written by Eddie Cochran and his brother Bob Cochran. David Bowie used the guitar chord riff in his 1971 song \"\"Queen Bitch\"\" on his album \"\"Hunky Dory\"\". He later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16336035", "chunk_text": "\"Grace Knight\"\nWith Vince Jones Solo Grace Knight Grace Ethel Knight (born 23 December 1955, Manchester) is an English-born, Australian vocalist, saxophone player, and songwriter. She was a mainstay of Indie pop group Eurogliders during the 1980s which formed in Perth. Knight later became a solo jazz singer and musician based in Sydney. In 1984, Eurogliders released an Australian top ten album, \"\"This Island\"\", which spawned their No. 2 hit single, \"\"Heaven (Must Be There)\"\". \"\"Heaven\"\" also peaked at No. 21 on the United States' \"\"Billboard\"\" Mainstream Rock charts and appeared on the Hot 100. The song, written by Eurogliders' guitarist, Bernie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3504390", "chunk_text": "\"How Long (Charlie Puth song)\"\nHow Long (Charlie Puth song) \"\"How Long\"\" is a song recorded and produced by American singer Charlie Puth. He co-wrote the song with Jacob Kasher and DJ Frank E. It was released on October 5, 2017, by Atlantic Records as the second single from Puth's second studio album, \"\"Voicenotes\"\" (2018). Commercially, it has reached the top 10 in Belgium, Israel, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Philippines, Scotland, and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovakia, Spain, and Switzerland. The song peaked at number 21 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1544475", "chunk_text": "\"Stairway to Heaven (Neil Sedaka song)\"\nStairway to Heaven (Neil Sedaka song) \"\"Stairway to Heaven\"\" is a song written by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield. It was released as a 45 rpm single and appeared on Sedaka's 1960 album \"\"Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil and His Other Hits\"\". The personnel includes King Curtis on saxophone, Don Arnone, Art Ryerson and Everett Barksdale on guitar, Milt Hinton on bass, Irving Faberman on timpani and Dave \"\"Panama\"\" Francis on drums. \"\"Stairway to Heaven\"\" became a hit for Sedaka after \"\"Oh! Carol\"\" (1958). In 1960, it repeated the performance of the previous single by peaking at number nine on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4104681", "chunk_text": "\"The Edge of Heaven\"\n1986. It features a performance in front of a crowd and is filmed in black and white. The Edge of Heaven \"\"The Edge of Heaven\"\" is a song by British pop duo Wham!, released on Epic Records in 1986. It was written by George Michael, one half of the duo, and was promoted in advance as Wham!'s farewell single. With the known desire of George Michael to move into a more adult market, Wham! had announced in the spring of 1986 that Michael and his musical partner Andrew Ridgeley would go their separate ways after a farewell single, album and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_728	where are the organ mountains in new mexico?	n/a	[ "southern New Mexico" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1139410", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains\"\nOrgan Mountains The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014. They lie east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County. The Organ Mountains are near the southern end of a long line of mountains on the east side of the Rio Grande's rift valley. The range is nearly contiguous with the San Andres Mountains to the north and the Franklin Mountains to the south, but is very different geologically. Whereas the San Andres and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6236437", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains\"\nexecutive authority on Wednesday, May 21, 2014. White House press secretary Jay Carney stated that \"\"By establishing the monument, the president will permanently protect more than 496,000 acres to preserve the prehistoric, historic and scientific values of the area for the benefit of all Americans.\"\" Organ Mountains The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014. They lie east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County. The Organ Mountains are near the southern end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7431791", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument\"\nOrgan Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument The Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument is a United States National Monument in the state of New Mexico, managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. The monument is located in the Mesilla Valley in southern New Mexico, surrounding the city of Las Cruces in Doña Ana County. The protected area includes several mountain ranges of the Chihuahuan Desert. The five identified as being within the national monument are the Robledo Mountains, Sierra de las Uvas, Doña Ana Mountains, Organ Mountains and Potrillo Mountains. The Prehistoric Trackways National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11299898", "chunk_text": "\"Organ, New Mexico\"\ngraves. Educational services for children are provided by the Las Cruces Public Schools in Las Cruces, New Mexico (the original Organ schoolhouse has been closed for some time). Organ is still an active community and has a rich history. There are roughly 100 households in the area currently. Organ lies at the southwest foothills of the San Augustin Mountains, the terminal subrange at the south of the extensive San Andres Mountains. Across San Augustin Pass on US 70 at the south of the San Augustins lie the Organ Mountains. Organ, New Mexico Organ is an unincorporated community and census-designated place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12857224", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains\"\nMountains are separated from the Organ Mountains by a 10-mile wide low area known as Anthony Gap. Much of this intervening land is part of Fort Bliss. The Organ Mountains are made up of three major sections: The Organ Mountains is a botanically diverse mountain range in New Mexico, with approximately 870 vascular plant species. Several of these, including the Organ Mountains evening-primrose (\"\"Oenothera organensis\"\") and smooth figwort (\"\"Scrophularia laevis\"\"), are endemic to the mountain range and occur only in small, scattered populations. The range also has a high diversity in ferns, with 30 of the 56 species reported for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "798219", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Needle\"\nnortheast in only , and above Las Cruces, giving it as large and as steep a degree of local relief as any peak in the state, including Big Hatchet Peak, Sandia Crest, and Shiprock. Climbing Organ Needle involves tricky route-finding, a vertical gain of about and a difficult scramble (). Organ Needle Organ Needle is the highest point of the Organ Mountains in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It lies in Doña Ana County, east-northeast of Las Cruces and southwest of White Sands, headquarters of the White Sands Missile Range. It is at the southeast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "798218", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Needle\"\nOrgan Needle Organ Needle is the highest point of the Organ Mountains in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It lies in Doña Ana County, east-northeast of Las Cruces and southwest of White Sands, headquarters of the White Sands Missile Range. It is at the southeast end of a narrow ridge of vertically jointed granite (more specifically, quartz monzonite) called The Needles. Organ Needle is one of the most dramatic peaks in the state. True to its name, it is a steep, pointed summit. Moreover, it rises above the edge of the Tularosa Basin to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12857225", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains\"\nNew Mexico occurring within it. The flora differs greatly between the three sections of the mountain range, with the two igneous sections (The Needles and the central extrusive portion) sharing relatively few species with the southern limestone portions. The limestone section includes some of the northernmost populations of lechuguilla (\"\"Agave lecheguilla\"\"), often considered an indicator species of the Chihuahuan Desert, whereas the igneous sections of the range include all of the endemic taxa and have botanical affinity with Madrean flora typical of the southwestern sky islands. The first documented climbs of Organ Mountain peaks were in the early 1890s, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1139411", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains\"\nFranklin Mountains are both formed from west-dipping fault blocks of mostly sedimentary strata (with limestone most prominent), the Organ Mountains are made primarily of igneous rock (intrusive granite and extrusive rhyolite). Their name reflects their similarity in appearance (particularly the granite \"\"needles\"\" in the highest part of the range) with pipes that would be part of a pipe organ. The San Andres Mountains-(southern subrange of San Augustin Mountains), are separated from the Organ Mountains by San Augustin Pass, through which U.S. Highway 70 passes on its way to White Sands Missile Range, White Sands National Monument and Alamogordo. The Franklin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072050", "chunk_text": "\"Organ, New Mexico\"\nOrgan, New Mexico Organ is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 323. Organ was started as a mining camp prior to the American Civil War. However, it was not officially established as a community until 1883. President Chester A. Arthur granted the parcel of land under congressional approval through a federal land grant to the Organ Mining Corporation in 1883. Mining operations near Organ produced gold, lead, iron, silver and other minerals. Actual mining in the Organ town site was prohibited. The largest production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1710732", "chunk_text": "\"West Potrillo Mountains\"\nWest Potrillo Mountains The West Potrillo Mountains are a mountain range in south central Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. They are located approximately 40 miles (65 km) northwest of El Paso, Texas, 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, and 35 miles (55 km) southeast of Deming, New Mexico Most of the mountains are located on land managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument. Access to the vicinity is through Doña Ana County Road B-4 South from NM 549, which may be accessed from Interstate 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19069195", "chunk_text": "\"San Augustin Mountains\"\nSan Augustin Mountains The San Augustin Mountains are a small mountain subrange at the southern terminus of the San Andres Mountains east of Las Cruces, New Mexico. Organ lies at the southwest foothills; the townsite, White Sands, NM lies to the southeast at the southwest of the Tularosa Valley. The San Augustin Mountains are only about an 8 mi (13 km) long range, trending slightly northeast. The southern border is San Augustin Pass, where U.S. Route 70 goes from Las Cruces and Organ and turns northeast through White Sands to meet Alamogordo. The north of the range is delimited by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20378869", "chunk_text": "\"The Center, New Mexico\"\n2012 and be operational by June 2014. In July 2012, Pegasus announced that they were pulling out of the deal because of problems acquiring land. Pegasus was reported to be reviewing proposals for other locations. In June 2014, new reports stated that development had been delayed pending determination of the borders of the new Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument, and that Pegasus had now selected a new location for the project, on Interstate 10 between Las Cruces and Deming, in Doña Ana County and Luna County. Washington, D.C.-based Pegasus Global Holdings estimates that the cost of construction of The Center", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12857226", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains\"\nmost were done in the mid-1950s by climbers stationed at nearby Fort Bliss Army Base. The most prominent of these was R.L Ingraham, whose \"\"Guide to Climbing in the Organ Mountains\"\" remains a definitive reference. The Bureau of Land Management maintains hiking trails accessed from four sites in the Organ Mountains: The southern limestone section is difficult to access and rarely visited. Bishop's Cap can be reached through rugged dirt roads, but has no developed trails. Rattlesnake Ridge is entirely within Fort Bliss and closed to the general public. President Obama designated the Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks a national monument by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132730", "chunk_text": "\"San Andres Mountains\"\nSan Andres Mountains The San Andres Mountains are a mountain range in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico, in the counties of Socorro, Sierra, and Doña Ana. The range extends about 75 miles (120 km) north to south, but are only about 12 miles (19 km) wide at their widest. The highest peak in the San Andres Mountains is Salinas Peak, at 8,965 feet (2,733 m). Though nearly contiguous with the Organ Mountains to the south, the two are very distinct geologically and botanically. The Oscura Mountains to the north are separated from the San Andres Mountains by Mockingbird", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3764926", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Rock Formation\"\nOrgan Rock Formation The Organ Rock Formation or Organ Rock Shale is a formation within the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian Cutler Group and is deposited across southeastern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona. This formation notably outcrops around Canyonlands National Park, Natural Bridges National Monument, and Monument Valley. The age of the Organ Rock is constrained to the latter half of the Cisuralian Epoch by age dates from overlying and underlying formations. Important early terrestrial vertebrate fossils have been recovered from this formation in northern Arizona, southern Utah, and northern New Mexico. These include the iconic Permian terrestrial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10611602", "chunk_text": "\"Sangre de Cristo Mountains\"\nSangre de Cristo Mountains The Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Spanish for \"\"Blood of Christ\"\") are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They are located in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States. The mountains run from Poncha Pass in South-Central Colorado, trending southeast and south, ending at Glorieta Pass, southeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico. The mountains contain a number of fourteen thousand foot peaks in the Colorado portion, as well as all the peaks in New Mexico which are over thirteen thousand feet. The name of the mountains may refer to the occasional reddish hues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7741725", "chunk_text": "\"Sangre de Cristo Mountains\"\nStanding to the east of the main crest are the two prominent Spanish Peaks (West: , East: ). These peaks were important landmarks on the mountain branch of the Santa Fe Trail.The bioregion receives very little water and has an annual precipitation of .This region is also home to the \"\"Culebra Micro-basin\"\" which has a rich agricultural history in the state of Colorado. The Taos Mountains span the western lobe of the range from Costilla Creek in the north, to Tres Ritos in the south. They include the highest point in New Mexico, Wheeler Peak, at , which is part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7877324", "chunk_text": "\"Lincoln National Forest\"\nRV camping, group camping and group picnic areas, Oliver Lee is also the trailhead for the Dog Canyon Trail, which climbs 2000' into the forested mountains of the Sacramento District. West of White Sands and approximately 70 miles west of Alamogordo is the recently created Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument, a unit of the Bureau of Land Management created to protect the jagged Organ Mountains on the eastern outskirts of Las Cruces. Though a newer park, the area does contains a camp ground and trail heads for day hikes into the mountains. South of the Guadalupe District and west of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4846543", "chunk_text": "\"Chicoma Mountain\"\nChicoma Mountain Chicoma Mountain (; also spelled Tschicoma or Tchicoma) is the highest point in the Jemez Mountains, a prominent mountain range in the U.S. State of New Mexico. The tree line in this area is exceptionally high, and the mountain is forested almost all the way to its summit which is conspicuous from the towns of Los Alamos, Santa Fe, and Española and other areas in the valley of the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico. Like the rest of the Jemez, it is of volcanic origin; it lies on the northeast rim of the Valles Caldera, one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11446811", "chunk_text": "\"Sierra de Órganos National Park\"\nSierra de Órganos National Park Sierra de Órganos National Park (Spanish: \"\"Parque Nacional Sierra de Órganos\"\") is a national park in Mexico, located in the northwest corner of the municipality of Sombrerete in the state of Zacatecas, near the border with Durango. The park is known for its diverse aridland ecosystem and towering rock formations of the Sierra Madre Occidental, which are reminiscent of organ pipe cactuses or the pipes of the musical instrument, from which the park takes its name. In addition to conifer forests in the highlands and xerophilous scrub in the lowlands, Sierra de Órganos is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072051", "chunk_text": "\"Organ, New Mexico\"\nmine was the \"\"Torpedo Mine\"\". Organ originally had its own school, constable's office, community center, town square, post office, hotel, business district and cemetery. Organ also had two large mining furnaces for smelting ore and a geological assay office belonging to the mining company. In 1885 Organ's population was over 1,500 people. In the 1930s the mines in the area became inundated with water and were no longer feasible for use, and with the onset of the Great Depression, mining operations ceased. However, with the opening of White Sands Missile Range and the testing of the nuclear weapons in 1945,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7431794", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument\"\ntargeting, as well as Kilbourne Hole in the Potrillo volcanic field, where American astronauts trained for lunar missions in the 1960s. The area was given national monument status following a campaign by conservation advocates that lasted several years. Several bills were introduced in Congress to protect the area through legislation, but they were blocked by House Republicans. In contrast with some previous monument designations, communities and governments of Doña Ana County were supportive of the application for designation. A poll found that 60 percent of the local voters favored establishing this land as a 500,000-acre national monument. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15856406", "chunk_text": "\"New Mexico\"\ncorner of the state is known as the Bootheel. The 37°N parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The states of New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah come together at the Four Corners in New Mexico's northwestern corner. New Mexico, although a large state, has very little water. Its surface water area is about . The New Mexican landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. Despite New Mexico's arid image, heavily forested mountain wildernesses cover a significant portion of the state, especially towards the north. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072053", "chunk_text": "\"Organ, New Mexico\"\nreason, Organ cannot be annexed by any municipality according to the provisions directed under this house bill. Organ still has its own water and sewer utility service, and other services are provided independently. The Organ Community Center was improved in 2008 and is still located on land of the original town square. The roads are paved and improvements are still ongoing through the supervision of Dona Ana County. The Organ Post Office is still in operation and Organ still has a few businesses. The cemetery is still in use and is called the \"\"Slumbering Mountain Cemetery\"\" with newer and historic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711945", "chunk_text": "\"Manzano Mountains\"\nManzano Mountains The Manzano Mountains are a small mountain range in the central part of the US State of New Mexico. They are oriented north-south and are about 40 miles (65 km) long. The center of the range lies about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Albuquerque, and the northern foothills (termed the Manzanitas) are just a few miles east of the edge of the city. The name \"\"Manzano\"\" is Spanish for \"\"apple tree\"\"; the mountains were named for apple orchards planted at the nearby town of Manzano. The high point of the Manzano Mountains is Manzano Peak (10,098 ft,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14367750", "chunk_text": "\"Caballo Mountains\"\nCaballo Mountains The Caballo Mountains, (Spanish: \"\"horse\"\") are a mountain range located in Sierra and Doña Ana Counties, New Mexico, United States. The range is located east of the Rio Grande and Caballo Lake, and west of the Jornada del Muerto; the south of the range extends into northwest Doña Ana County. The nearest towns are Truth or Consequences and Hatch. Most of the Caballo Mountains are located on land owned by the Bureau of Land Management. The mountains are unusual, and perhaps unique in New Mexico, for the relatively complete geologic history revealed by their rocks. Vehicular access to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4846545", "chunk_text": "\"Chicoma Mountain\"\nabout 30 minutes south of Chicoma Mountain. The site is located on the pueblo's land on the east side of the mountain, and are sometimes open to the public for a fee. Chicoma Mountain Chicoma Mountain (; also spelled Tschicoma or Tchicoma) is the highest point in the Jemez Mountains, a prominent mountain range in the U.S. State of New Mexico. The tree line in this area is exceptionally high, and the mountain is forested almost all the way to its summit which is conspicuous from the towns of Los Alamos, Santa Fe, and Española and other areas in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7431792", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument\"\nMonument is nearby. The monument protects a large variety of geological, paleontological and archaeological resources. President Barack Obama designated the monument on May 21, 2014. Half of the monument is designated wilderness and closed to development or motorized use. Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks protects many archaeological and cultural sites of interest. Before the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, this land included the border between Mexico and the United States. The Aden Lava Flow Wilderness Study Area is here and there are 243 known archaeological sites within the monument, including some of the earliest Native American settlements and petroglyphs known from three different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14568988", "chunk_text": "\"Agriculture in the Southwestern United States\"\nthe Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains, the Colorado Plateau, and the Basin and Range. The Rocky Mountains cover north-central New Mexico and consist of southward mountain ranges coming from Colorado. The three main mountain ranges are the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in the east and the San Juan and Jemez mountains in the west. Between these western and eastern ranges lies the Rio Grande Valley. The mountains of northern New Mexico stand 10,000 to 13,000 feet tall. The Great Plains are in eastern New Mexico. The northernmost section of this region is hilly and contains some lavacapped mesas and buttes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7741728", "chunk_text": "\"Sangre de Cristo Mountains\"\nare the Santa Fe Mountains, which include all peaks south of NM Route 518. This group lies near Santa Fe and surrounds the Pecos Wilderness, which protects the source watershed of the Pecos River. The peaks include Truchas Peak, , as their highest point. Other notable peaks are Santa Fe Baldy () and Jicarita Peak (). The Pecos Wilderness is crossed by many trails and is popular for backpacking and for fishing in its high alpine lakes. Sangre de Cristo Mountains The Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Spanish for \"\"Blood of Christ\"\") are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19080757", "chunk_text": "\"Alamo Hueco Mountains\"\nAlamo Hueco Mountains The Alamo Hueco Mountains are a 15-mile (24 km) long mountain range, located in the southeast of the New Mexico Bootheel region, southeast Hidalgo County, New Mexico, adjacent the border of Chihuahua state, Mexico. The range lies near the southern end of the mountains bordering the extensive north-south Playas Valley; the Little Hatchet and Big Hatchet Mountains are adjacent, and mostly attached north; the mountain range series, ends south into the flatland plains of the Chihuahuan Desert. The much smaller Dog Mountains are adjacent south. While the Continental Divide of the Americas traverses the western perimeter mountains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2811268", "chunk_text": "\"Beautiful Mountain\"\nBeautiful Mountain Beautiful Mountain () is part of the Chuska Mountains and its summit is the highest point in San Juan County, New Mexico. The mountain is about southwest of the community of Shiprock in the Four Corners region. It is on the Navajo Nation and plays a significant role in Navajo mythology. Navajo legend includes \"\"Beautiful Mountain\"\" as the feet of a large mythic male figure, with the Chuska Mountains comprising the body, Chuska Peak as the head and the Carrizo Mountains as the legs. Shiprock is said to be either a medicine pouch or a bow carried by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7431793", "chunk_text": "\"Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument\"\ntribes. The land also includes Shelter Cave and Conkling Cavern. Fossils of ground sloths have been found in the area. More recently the land was used by William H. Bonney, better known as the outlaw Billy the Kid, and Geronimo, a leader during the Apache Wars, both of whom lived in various parts of New Mexico in the 19th century. It is said that Billy the Kid visited \"\"Outlaw Rock\"\", and there is a cave known as \"\"Geronimo's Rock\"\". The monument also includes of the historic Butterfield Stagecoach Trail. The monument includes sites where World War II bombers practiced their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17337565", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 70 in New Mexico\"\nLordsburg. At Lordsburg, US 70 joins with Interstate 10 (I-10) eastbound, splitting off in Las Cruces, and becoming Picacho Avenue in Las Cruces. When Picacho Avenue meets Main Street, US 70 follows Main Street northbound. US 70 then crosses I-25, and has been upgraded at this point to a controlled-access highway until entering the foothills of the Organ Mountains. As a divided highway, US 70 then crosses the Organ Mountains via San Augustin Pass descends to the valley floor of the Tularosa Basin, and next crosses the White Sands Missile Range. Overhead missile tests can close the highway for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072052", "chunk_text": "\"Organ, New Mexico\"\nOrgan began to thrive again as a community providing homes and leisure services to military personnel and government contractors only a short distance from the main military post. Organ is very active supporting the military and White Sands Missile Range still. Today, Organ is under the direct jurisdiction of Doña Ana County and the County Probate Judge as directed in the presidential order of 1883, because it was never incorporated. The state government recognizes Organ as an independent community under New Mexico State House Bill 523 of the 44th State Legislature in 1999, which recognized \"\"Traditional Historic Communities\"\". For this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17925780", "chunk_text": "\"Ortiz Mountains\"\nOrtiz Mountains The Ortiz Mountains are a mountain range in north central New Mexico, United States, in Santa Fe County, northeast of the Sandia Mountains and due north of the San Pedro Mountains. The Ortiz include Placer Peak, the highest peak in the range at 8,858 feet, Lone Mountain at 7,310 feet, Cedar Mountain at 7,041 feet, Cerro Chato at 6,965 feet, and the foothills known as the Los Lomas de la Bolsa. The Ortiz Mountains are on the east side of the Rio Grande Rift, with the Santa Domingo Basin and Hagan Basin of the rift to their west,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3606225", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Fe Baldy\"\nSanta Fe Baldy Santa Fe Baldy is a prominent summit in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico, United States, located 15 mi (24 km) northeast of Santa Fe. There are no higher mountains in New Mexico south of Santa Fe Baldy. It is prominent as seen from Los Alamos and communities along the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, but is relatively inconspicuous from Santa Fe, as its north-south trending main ridge line is seen nearly end-on, disguising the size of the mountain. Tree line in the Sangre de Cristos is unusually high (exceeding in places) and only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17248752", "chunk_text": "\"Sacramento Mountains (New Mexico)\"\nSacramento Mountains (New Mexico) The Sacramento Mountains are a mountain range in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico, lying just east of Alamogordo in Otero County (small portions of the range lie in Lincoln County and Chaves County). From north to south, the Sacramento Mountains extend for , and from east to west they encompass . The Sacramentos can be divided into two sections: a main, northern section, encompassing most of the land area and all of the terrain above , and a smaller southeastern section, contiguous with the Guadalupe Mountains. Neighboring ranges and landforms include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18179191", "chunk_text": "\"North Franklin Mountain\"\noff the main trail along the way. The summit of North Franklin has been flattened out, with an area equal to the size of a small parking lot. The only man-made structure at the summit is a ham radio repeater and ELT receiver maintained by the West Texas Repeater Association. On a typical day, the Organ Mountains of New Mexico can be seen along the horizon to the north. To the east, the Guadalupe Mountains rise some in the distance. Most of the Mesilla Valley is visible to the west, including parts of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez, and most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11417308", "chunk_text": "\"New Mexico\"\nNew Mexico New Mexico ( , ) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States of America. It is one of the Mountain States and shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona; its other neighboring states are Oklahoma to the northeast, Texas to the east-southeast, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua to the south and Sonora to the southwest. With a population around two million, New Mexico is the 36th-most populous state. With a total area of , it is the fifth-largest and sixth-least densely populated of the 50 states. Its capital and cultural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8786101", "chunk_text": "\"Hueco Mountains\"\nHueco Mountains The Hueco Mountains are a range of mountains that rise in southern Otero County, New Mexico and extend south into Texas, generally along the El Paso–Hudspeth county line just east of the city of El Paso, Texas. The highest point of the range is the Cerro Alto Mountain in Hudspeth County. The Hueco Bolson, a down-dropped area with an elevation of above sea level, with sedimentary fill nearly thick, lies between the Hueco and Franklin Mountains. Shallow, stony soils in the Hueco Mountains support oak, juniper, and some mesquite. The mountains were part of the Rocky Mountain trend,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14163894", "chunk_text": "\"Nacimiento Mountains\"\nNacimiento Mountains The Sierra Nacimiento (official name), or Nacimiento Mountains, are a mountain range in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. They are just west of the more prominent Jemez Mountains near the town of Cuba, and are separated from them by the Río Guadalupe and the Río de Las Vacas. This article will consider them as a unit together with the San Pedro Mountains, which are a smaller range contiguous with the Sierra Nacimiento on the north, and which are also part of the Nacimiento Uplift and lie at the edge of the greater San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11355744", "chunk_text": "\"Jemez Mountains\"\nJemez Mountains The Jemez Mountains ([ˡhɛmɛz]) or Tsąmpiye'ip'įn in Tewa the language\|Spoken by the Tewa Pueblos in New Mexico and one in AZ(Hano Tewa) are a volcanic group of mountains in Rio Arriba, Sandoval, and Los Alamos counties, New Mexico, United States. The highest point in the range is Chicoma Mountain (also spelled as Tschicoma or Tchicoma) at an elevation of 11,561 feet (3524 meters). The town of Los Alamos and Los Alamos National Laboratory adjoin the eastern side of the range while the town of Jemez Springs is to the west. Pajarito Mountain Ski Area is the only ski", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1323590", "chunk_text": "\"Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)\"\nWheeler Peak (New Mexico) Wheeler Peak is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is located northeast of Taos and south of Red River in the northern part of the state, and just southeast of the ski slopes of Taos Ski Valley. It lies in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. The peak's elevation is . Formerly named Taos Peak, after the nearby town of Taos, New Mexico, it was renamed Wheeler Peak in 1950. A plaque at the summit states that the mountain was: Named in honor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12859139", "chunk_text": "\"Black Range\"\nBlack Range The Black Range (also called the Devil's Mountains or Sierra Diablo) is an igneous mountain range running north-south in Sierra and Grant counties in west-central New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Its central ridge forms the western and eastern borders, respectively, of the two counties through much of their contact. The range is about 55 miles (88 km) long from north to south and up to 18 miles (29 km) wide. The highest point is McKnight Mountain. The Black Range lies almost entirely within the Gila National Forest. The Mimbres River originates from the mountain snow pack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19910176", "chunk_text": "\"Pyramid Mountains\"\nPyramid Mountains The Pyramid Mountains are a 30 mi (48 km) long, mountain range in central-east Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The city of Lordsburg and Interstate 10 lie at its northern border. The range lies between the northeast corner of the north-south Animas Valley on the west and the Playas and Lordsburg valleys to the southeast and northeast respectively. The continental divide passes through the southern end of the range. The Chihuahuan Desert has its northwest extension into the foothills regions of the Pyramid Mountains. The Pyramid Mountains are a moderate altitude, north-south trending mountain range at the north of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12111378", "chunk_text": "\"Sierra de Órganos National Park\"\nThe park is about northeast of the town of Villa Insurgentes, and east of the city of Durango. A dirt road about 10 km in length provides access to the park from Highway 45. Sierra de Órganos is nestled within the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, in an area that corresponds to the physiographic province of the Mexican Plateau. The topography is uneven, with elevations ranging from above sea level. This gives rise to dramatic ridges and steep peaks that form small plateaus, often with very prominent, nearly vertical cliff faces. Small valleys surrounding the peaks afford scenic views of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8611894", "chunk_text": "\"East Potrillo Mountains\"\nEast Potrillo Mountains The East Potrillo Mountains are a mountain range in south central Doña Ana County, New Mexico. They are located approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of El Paso, Texas, 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, and 30 miles east of Columbus, New Mexico. The southern tip of the range is less than 5 miles (8 km) from the Mexican border. The mountains and most of the surrounding acreage are located on land owned by the Bureau of Land Management. Access to the general vicinity is through New Mexico State Road 9, and several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19369291", "chunk_text": "\"Zuni Mountains\"\nZuni Mountains The Zuni Mountains (Navajo:Naasht'ézhí Dził or Ńdíshchííʼ Ląʼí) are a mountain range located mainly in Cibola County of northwestern New Mexico, with a small portion extending into McKinley County. The range is located largely in the Cibola National Forest, lying south of Interstate 40 from southeast of Gallup to southwest of Grants. The range is about sixty miles long and forty miles wide. The highest point is Mount Sedgwick, 9,256 feet (2,821 m); elevations in the range go down to 6,400 feet (1,950 m). The Zuni Mountains are located at , surrounded by the Zuni Indian Reservation, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_729	where are the 10 plagues found in the bible?	n/a	[ "Exodus", "Book of Exodus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19016108", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nchorus with fast scurrying runs in the violins. Plagues of Egypt The Plagues of Egypt (), also called the ten plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people. The plagues served to contrast the power of the God of Israel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192311", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nPlagues of Egypt The Plagues of Egypt (), also called the ten plagues, were ten calamities that, according to the biblical Book of Exodus, God inflicted upon Egypt as a demonstration of power, after which the Pharaoh conceded to Moses' demands to let the enslaved Israelites go into the wilderness to make sacrifices. God repeatedly hardened the Pharaoh's heart to prevent him from consenting until after the tenth plague. The Israelites' eventual departure began the Exodus of the Hebrew people. The plagues served to contrast the power of the God of Israel with the Egyptian gods, invalidating them. Some commentators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16575367", "chunk_text": "Curse\nCatholic Encyclopedia article \"\"Cursing\"\", the Bible depicts God cursing the serpent, the earth, and Cain (, , ). Similarly Noah curses Canaan (), and Joshua curses the man who should build the city of Jericho (). In various books of the Hebrew Bible there are long lists of curses against transgressors of the Law (, , etc.). The 10 Plagues of Egypt, preceeding the 10 Commandments, can be seen as curses cast from the magical rods of Aron and Moses acting on instruction from the God of Israel, in order to enable the enthralled to come free from the yoke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10140945", "chunk_text": "\"Bo (parsha)\"\nYaa. Figs were in it and grapes. It had more wine than water. Abundant was its honey, plentiful its oil. All kind of fruit were on its trees. Barley was there and emmer, and no end of cattle of all kinds.\"\" The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these Biblical sources: The description of the 10 plagues exhibits patterns and progressions, as follows: Psalms and each recount differing arrangements of seven plagues. recalls plagues of (1) blood, (2) flies, (3) frogs, (4) locusts, (5) hail, (6) livestock, and (7) firstborn, but not plagues of lice, boils, or darkness. recalls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192327", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nthe likelihood that the \"\"river is blood\"\" phrase may refer to the red sediment colouring the Nile during disastrous floods, or may simply be a poetic image of turmoil. Some archaeologists believe the plagues occurred at the ancient city of Pi-Rameses in the Nile Delta, which was the capital of Egypt during the reign of Ramesses II. There is some archaeological material which such archaeologists, for example William F. Albright, have considered to be historical evidence of the ten plagues; for example, an ancient water trough found in El Arish bears hieroglyphic markings detailing a period of darkness. Albright and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19813128", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\na series of curses like those in Deuteronomy 28:15–68, verses which mention many of the same afflictions; they are even closer to the curses in the Holiness code (Leviticus 26), since like the Holiness Code they leave room for repentance. The theme that divine punishment should lead to repentance is echoed: The 6th-century prophets refer to the theme of Pharaoh's obstinacy – Isaiah 6:9–13, Jeremiah 5:3, and Ezekiel 3:7–9. While proponents of biblical archaeology argue that the plague stories are true, a large consensus of historians believe them to be allegorical or inspired by passed-down accounts of disconnected disasters. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15626527", "chunk_text": "\"Book of Exodus\"\ntells Moses to return to Egypt and lead the Hebrews into Canaan, the land promised to Abraham. Moses returns to Egypt and fails to convince the Pharaoh to release the Israelites. God smites the Egyptians with 10 terrible plagues (Plagues of Egypt) including a river of blood, many frogs, and the death of first-born sons. Moses leads the Israelites out of bondage after a final chase when the Pharaoh reneges on his coerced consent (Crossing the Red Sea and Yam Suph). The desert proves arduous, and the Israelites complain and long for Egypt, but God provides manna and miraculous water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17599943", "chunk_text": "Paederus\nall languages, not just English, because of its Latin origin; the name Paederus dermatitis is also inappropriate because it has shown to be caused by (a) only a few species of the genus Paederus, but (b) also a few species that belong to closely related genera (that are not \"\"Paederus\"\") within the subtribe Paederina. A scholarly paper in 2002 suggested that a \"\"Paederus\"\" species could have been responsible for some of the ten Plagues of Egypt described in the Bible's Book of Exodus. Like other beetles (Coleoptera), rove beetles have hardened forewings that cover the flight wings. At one time,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17865429", "chunk_text": "\"Finger of God\"\nFinger of God The \"\"finger of God\"\" is a phrase used in the Bible. In Exodus 8:16–20 it is used during the plagues of Egypt by the Egyptian priests. In Exodus 31:18 and Deuteronomy 9:10 it refers to the method by which the Ten Commandments were written on tablets of stone that were brought down from biblical Mount Sinai by Moses. It was used once by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke to describe how he had cast out demons. The first time the phrase \"\"finger of God\"\" appears is in the Hebrew Bible, in the eighth chapter, in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15738123", "chunk_text": "\"The Bible and violence\"\nhe is saved by his wife Zipporah (Exodus 2-4). Moses asks Pharaoh to release the Israelites, but Pharaoh responds by demanding more work from them. Moses repeats his request several times as the Plagues of Egypt afflict the Egyptians, but God makes Pharaoh refuse until the tenth plague, when God kills all firstborn people and cattle in Egypt, apart from those of the Israelites, who are . The Israelites are allowed to leave, but God again changes Pharaoh's mind, and an army is sent after them. God saves them from the army by drowning it in the Red Sea. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192312", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nhave associated several of the plagues with judgment on specific gods associated with the Nile, fertility and natural phenomena. According to , all the gods of Egypt would be judged through the tenth and final plague: \"\"On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the .\"\" The reason for the plagues appears to be twofold: to answer Pharaoh's taunt, \"\"Who \"\"[is]\"\" the , that I should obey his voice to let Israel go?\"\", and to indelibly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19016096", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nAli, Note 1090 to S. VII.133)\"\", the locusts, the Qummal, the frogs, and the blood (as a succession of) manifest signs, yet they remained arrogant, and they were of those people who were criminals\"\"\"\". The Quran further relates that the plagues included a mighty blast, showers of stones and earthquakes (Ali, Notes 3462-3464 to S. XXIX.40). The Book of Deuteronomy, in reviewing previous events, mentions the \"\"diseases of Egypt\"\" (Deuteronomy 7:15 and 28:60), but refers to something that afflicted the Israelites, not the Egyptians; Deuteronomy 7:19 mentions the plagues of the book of Exodus. The Exodus plagues are divine judgments,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17464340", "chunk_text": "\"Seven bowls\"\nSeven bowls The seven bowls (, \"\"phialas\"\", sing. φιάλη \"\"phialē\"\"; also translated as cups or vials) are a set of plagues mentioned in Revelation 16. They are recorded as apocalyptic events that were seen in the vision of the Revelation of Jesus Christ, by John of Patmos. Seven angels are given seven bowls of God's wrath, each consisting of judgements full of the wrath of God. These seven bowls of God's wrath are poured out on the wicked and the followers of the Antichrist after the sounding of the seven trumpets. When the first bowl is poured out, foul and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1446041", "chunk_text": "Rinderpest\nbe transmitted by air. Initial symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and nasal and eye discharges. Subsequently, irregular erosions appear in the mouth, the lining of the nose, and the genital tract. Acute diarrhea, preceded by constipation, is also a common feature. Most animals die 6-12 days after the onset of these clinical signs. The disease is believed to have originated in Asia, later spreading through the transport of cattle. Other cattle epizootics are noted in ancient times: a cattle plague is thought to be one of the 10 plagues of Egypt described in the Hebrew Bible. By around 3,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192317", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nexclusive covenant with the Israelites on the basis of this miraculous deliverance. The Ten Commandments encapsulate the terms of this covenant. Joshua, the successor to Moses, reminds the people of their deliverance through the plagues. According to 1 Samuel, the Philistines also knew of the plagues and feared their author. Later, the psalmist sang of these events. The Torah also relates God's instructions to Moses that the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt must be celebrated yearly on the holiday of Passover (\"\"Pesaḥ\"\" פסח); the rituals observed on Passover recall the events surrounding the exodus from Egypt. The month of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18094733", "chunk_text": "\"Bubonic plague\"\nBubonic plague Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium \"\"Yersinia pestis\"\". One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These include fever, headaches, and vomiting. Swollen and painful lymph nodes occur in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. Occasionally the swollen lymph nodes may break open. The three types of plague are the result of the route of infection: bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague is mainly spread by infected fleas from small animals. It may also result from exposure to the body fluids", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19016098", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nscientists claim the plagues can be attributed to a chain of natural phenomena triggered by changes in the climate and environmental disasters hundreds of miles away. The Ipuwer Papyrus, written probably in the late Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt (c.1991-1803 BCE) has often been put forward in popular literature as confirmation of the Biblical account, most notably because of its statement that \"\"the river is blood\"\" and its frequent references to servants running away, but these arguments ignore the many points on which Ipuwer contradicts Exodus, such as the fact that its Asiatics are arriving in Egypt rather than leaving, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3549583", "chunk_text": "\"Epidemiology of plague\"\nsmallpox, or measles may better fit the surviving descriptions. A recent study of DNA found in the dental pulp of plague victims suggests that typhoid was actually responsible. In the first century AD, Rufus of Ephesus, a Greek anatomist, refers to an outbreak of plague in Libya, Egypt, and Syria. He records that Alexandrian doctors named Dioscorides and Posidonius described symptoms including acute fever, pain, agitation, and delirium. Buboes—large, hard, and non-suppurating—developed behind the knees, around the elbows, and \"\"in the usual places.\"\" The death toll of those infected was very high. Rufus also wrote that similar buboes were reported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192319", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nand, after the return from the captivity, by Ezra. By the time of the Second Temple it was firmly established in Israel. The plagues as they appear in the 1984 New International Version of the Book of Exodus are: The Hebrew noun כִּנִּים (\"\"kinim\"\") could be translated as lice, gnats, or fleas. The fourth plague of Egypt was of creatures capable of harming people and livestock. The Torah emphasizes that the \"\"‘arob\"\" (עָרוֹב, meaning \"\"mixture\"\" or \"\"swarm\"\") only came against the Egyptians, and that it did not affect the Land of Goshen (where the Israelites lived). Pharaoh asked Moses to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5631224", "chunk_text": "\"Epidemiology of plague\"\nthe Bronze Age. Estimates of the age of the Most recent common ancestor of all \"\"Y. pestis\"\" is estimated at 5,783 years Before Present. The \"\"Yersinia\"\" murine toxin (\"\"ymt\"\") allows the bacteria to infect fleas, which can then transmit bubonic plague. Early ancestral versions of \"\"Y. pestis\"\" did not have the \"\"ymt\"\" gene, which was only detected in a 951 calibrated BC sample. The Amarna letters and the Plague Prayers of Mursili II describe an outbreak of a disease among the Hittites, though some modern sources say it may be Tularemia. The First Book of Samuel describes a possible plague", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5631223", "chunk_text": "\"Epidemiology of plague\"\n31 October 2010 that all three of the great waves of plague originated from China. The word \"\"plague\"\" is believed to come from the Latin word \"\"plāga\"\" (\"\"blow, wound\"\") and \"\"plangere\"\" (“to strike, or to strike down”), via the German \"\"Plage\"\" (“infestation”). Plasmids of \"\"Y. pestis\"\" have been detected in archaeological samples of the teeth of seven Bronze Age individuals from 5000 years ago (3000 BC), in the Afanasievo culture in Siberia, the Corded Ware culture in Estonia, the Sintashta culture in Russia, the Unetice culture in Poland and the Andronovo culture in Siberia. \"\"Y. pestis\"\" existed over Eurasia during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4564469", "chunk_text": "Tzaraath\npreviously been a boil), and those of reddish-white sores in areas of baldness; the former condition is identified by the Bible as \"\"plague\"\", and scholars regard its symptoms as pointing to a diagnosis of smallpox, while the latter is unidentified in the Biblical text, but considered by scholars to indicate favus. In addition to infecting the skin, \"\"tzaraath\"\" is described by the priestly code as being able to infect historically common clothing fabrics, specifically wool, linen, and leather. The Biblical description of \"\"tzaraath\"\" in such fabrics is strikingly analogous to that of \"\"tzaraath\"\" in the skin, with, for example, spreading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9201746", "chunk_text": "\"Exodus: Gods and Kings\"\nanyway. In Egypt, Moses reunites with Nun and Joshua, as well as meeting his brother Aaron for the first time. Moses confronts Ramesses, demanding the Hebrews be released from servitude. Ramesses refuses to listen, insisting that freeing them is economically impossible. Upon Moses threatening Ramesses' life, Ramesses orders Moses' death, as well as killing random Hebrew families until Moses is found. Using his military skills, Moses trains the slaves and leads them in an insurgency, prompting Ramesses to retaliate harshly. God's manifestation appears to Moses and explains that ten plagues will affect Egypt. The first nine plagues deal massive damage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19016103", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nfor the plagues to be a real test of faith, they had to contain an element leading to religious doubt. In his book \"\"The Plagues of Egypt: Archaeology, History, and Science Look at the Bible\"\", Siro Igino Trevisanato explores the theory that the plagues were initially caused by the Santorini eruption in Greece. His hypothesis considers a two-stage eruption over a time of a bit less than two years. His studies place the first eruption in 1602 BC, when volcanic ash taints the Nile, causing the first plague and forming a catalyst for many of the subsequent plagues. In 1600", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13881035", "chunk_text": "\"Plague (disease)\"\nbacterium was found in Madagascar in 1995. Further outbreaks in Madagascar were reported in November 2014 and October 2017. Globally about 600 cases are reported a year. In 2017 the countries with the most cases include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar and Peru. It has historically occurred in large outbreaks, with the most well known being the Black Death in the 14th century which resulted in greater than 50 million dead. Plague has a long history as a biological weapon. Historical accounts from ancient China and medieval Europe detail the use of infected animal carcasses, such as cows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254989", "chunk_text": "Emerods\nEmerods Emerods is an archaic term for hemorrhoids. Derived from the Old French word \"\"emoroyde\"\", it was used as the common English term until the nineteenth century, after which it was replaced in medicine by a direct transliteration of the original Greek term \"\"haimorrhoides\"\". The word is most commonly encountered, however, in the King James Bible, where it appears in the First Book of Samuel as a plague that afflicted the Philistines who had captured the Ark of the Covenant from the Israelites. Chapter 5 of I Samuel describes a \"\"plague of emerods\"\" that smote the people of Ashdod in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19691588", "chunk_text": "Murrain\nresulted in the Great Famine of 1315-1317, weakening the population of Europe before the onset of the Black Death in 1348. The term murrain is also used in some Bible translations relating to the fifth plague brought upon Egypt. Exodus 9:3: \"\"Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.\"\" \"\"Pestilence\"\", which is mentioned 47 times in 46 verses of the Bible, can be translated \"\"murrain\"\" by Christian apologists. [Enhanced Strong’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12894756", "chunk_text": "\"Epidemiology of plague\"\nto poor laboratory procedures. Yet several lines of evidence strongly suggest that it was a plague epidemic: blood tests for Yersinia were positive, a number of individuals showed antibodies against Yersinia and the clinical symptoms displayed by the affected were all consistent with the disease being plague. The Plague of Justinian in AD 541–542 is the first known attack on record, and marks the first firmly recorded pattern of bubonic plague. This disease is thought to have originated in China. It then spread to Africa from where the huge city of Constantinople imported massive amounts of grain, mostly from Egypt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12973178", "chunk_text": "\"Creeping Death\"\nthe plagues which were bestowed upon the Egyptians. While watching a scene in which one of the plagues kills every Egyptian first-born child, Cliff Burton remarked \"\"Whoa – it's like creeping death.\"\" The band liked the sound of \"\"creeping death\"\" and decided to write a song about the plagues, with the phrase as its title. The song is told from the point of view of the \"\"destroyer\"\", as described in Moses' Book of Exodus, chapter 12. Throughout the song, some of the ten plagues are mentioned, all from the story of the \"\"Hagadah\"\", The Passover exodus. Moses repeatedly demanded from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254990", "chunk_text": "Emerods\ntheir \"\"secret parts\"\", causing many to die. According to chapter 6, the plague was not relieved until the Philistines returned the Ark of the Covenant to the Israelites, along with a trespass offering of \"\"five golden emerods and five golden mice\"\" (the plague of emerods occurred simultaneously with a plague of mice). The concept of \"\"golden hemorrhoids\"\" has on occasion given rise to puzzlement or humor. Modern scholars have pointed out that the Hebrew term \"\"Ophalim\"\", translated \"\"emerods\"\" in the King James Version, could also be translated as \"\"tumors\"\", as is done in the Revised Version of the Bible. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16002680", "chunk_text": "\"Metzora (parsha)\"\nMetzora (parsha) Metzora, Metzorah, M'tzora, Mezora, Metsora, or M'tsora ( — Hebrew for \"\"one being diseased,\"\" the ninth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 28th weekly Torah portion (, \"\"parashah\"\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Leviticus. The parashah deals with ritual impurity. It addresses cleansing from skin disease (, \"\"tzara'at\"\"), houses with an eruptive plague, male genital discharges, and menstruation. The parashah constitutes The parashah is made up of 4,697 Hebrew letters, 1,274 Hebrew words, and 90 verses, and can occupy about 159 lines in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9124240", "chunk_text": "\"Plague of Emmaus\"\nthe death of many prominent companions of Muhammad. It is estimated that 25,000 people died in this outbreak, which is considered part of the outbreaks of plague in the 6th, 7th, and 8th centuries that followed the major pandemic of the 6th century, the Plague of Justinian. Plague of Emmaus The Plague of Emmaus (, \"\"ṭāwiʿna ʻimwas\"\" transliterated), also known as the Plague of Amwas, was an outbreak of plague, possibly bubonic plague, that occurred in 639 in the town of Emmaus (Amwas) in Judea (at the time under the Bilad al-Sham within the Rashidun Caliphate). The town had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17375158", "chunk_text": "\"Events of Revelation\"\nfor the Wrath of God period — preceding the Millennium.) Next, seven angels are given vials or bowls to pour out upon the earth which contain \"\"the seven last plagues\"\". These last judgments will complete God's wrath. The first bowl produces unbearable sores on humanity. The second bowl results in the death of every living thing in the sea. The third bowl turns the inland waters into blood. The fourth bowl causes the sun to scorch man. The fifth bowl brings darkness over the beast's kingdom. The sixth bowl dries up the river Euphrates to prepare the way for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "806969", "chunk_text": "\"Plague (disease)\"\nPlague (disease) Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium \"\"Yersinia pestis\"\". Symptoms include fever, weakness and headache. Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. In the bubonic form there is also swelling of lymph nodes, while in the septicemic form tissues may turn black and die, and in the pneumonic form shortness of breath, cough and chest pain may occur. Bubonic and septicemic plague is generally spread by flea bites or handling an infected animal. The pneumonitic form is generally spread between people through the air via infectious droplets. Diagnosis is typically by finding the bacterium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15375550", "chunk_text": "\"Plague of Emmaus\"\nPlague of Emmaus The Plague of Emmaus (, \"\"ṭāwiʿna ʻimwas\"\" transliterated), also known as the Plague of Amwas, was an outbreak of plague, possibly bubonic plague, that occurred in 639 in the town of Emmaus (Amwas) in Judea (at the time under the Bilad al-Sham within the Rashidun Caliphate). The town had been re-founded as Nicopolis in 221 by the Roman Emperor Elagabalus, and was given the title of \"\"city\"\". The plague struck shortly after its conquest by the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate, who'd set up a military camp there. The epidemic is famous in Muslim sources because of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5014407", "chunk_text": "\"Septicemic plague\"\nplague is a zoonosis, a disease that generally is acquired by humans from animals, such as rodents and carnivores. Goats, sheep and camels also may carry the bacteria. Cats rarely develop clinical signs but can be infected. Areas west of the Great Plains of North America are one region where plague-infected animals commonly occur. Plague-infested animals are found in many other countries as well, especially in developing countries where health controls are not effective. Animals that commonly carry plague bacteria are largely rodents and Leporidae, but carnivores sometimes also become infected by their prey. Prey animals are not immune to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "806976", "chunk_text": "\"Plague (disease)\"\nheadache, weakness and spitting or vomiting of blood. The course of the disease is rapid; unless diagnosed and treated soon enough, typically within a few hours, death may follow in one to six days; in untreated cases mortality is nearly 100%. Transmission of \"\"Y. pestis\"\" to an uninfected individual is possible by any of the following means. \"\"Yersinia pestis\"\" circulates in animal reservoirs, particularly in rodents, in the natural foci of infection found on all continents except Australia. The natural foci of plague are situated in a broad belt in the tropical and sub-tropical latitudes and the warmer parts of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1168434", "chunk_text": "Spelt\n(\"\"Inferno\"\" XIII, 94–102). Spelt is also mentioned in the Bible. The seventh plague in Egypt in Exodus, did not damage the harvest of wheat and spelt, as these were \"\"late crops\"\". says: \"\"Take thou also unto thee wheat, and barley, and beans, and lentils, and millet, and spelt, and put them in one vessel, and make thee bread thereof ...\"\", though as noted above this is presumably a mistranslation and should be \"\"emmer\"\". It is mentioned again in : \"\"...and put in the wheat in rows and the barley in the appointed place and the spelt in the border thereof?\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3421066", "chunk_text": "Noah\nNoah In Abrahamic religions, Noah ( ) was the tenth and last of the pre-Flood Patriarchs. The story of Noah's Ark is told in the Bible's Genesis flood narrative. The biblical account is followed by the story of the Curse of Ham. In addition to the Book of Genesis, Noah is mentioned in the Old Testament in the First Book of Chronicles, and the books of Tobit, Wisdom, Sirach, Isaiah, Ezekiel, 2 Esdras, 4 Maccabees; in the New Testament, he is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew, and Luke, the Epistle to the Hebrews, 1st Peter and 2nd Peter. Noah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1907555", "chunk_text": "\"Yersinia pestis\"\nof the Vietnam War, possibly due to the disruption of ecosystems and closer proximity between people and animals. The plague is now commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, areas which now account for over 95% of reported cases. The plague also has a detrimental effect on nonhuman mammals. In the United States, mammals such as the black-tailed prairie dog and the endangered black-footed ferret are under threat. \"\"Y. pestis\"\" is a nonmotile, stick-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium with bipolar staining (giving it a safety pin appearance) that produces an antiphagocytic slime layer. Similar to other \"\"Yersinia\"\" species, it tests negative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19016105", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nfor the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and tenth plagues. Their explanation also accounted for the apparent selectiveness of the plagues, as implied in the Bible. The paper served as the basis for a website and documentary aired on the Learning Channel from 1998 to 2005. In visual art, the plagues have generally been reserved for works in series, especially engravings. Still, relatively few depictions in art emerged compared to other religious themes until the 19th century, when the plagues became more common subjects, with John Martin and Joseph Turner producing notable canvases. This trend probably reflected a Romantic attraction to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17375155", "chunk_text": "\"Events of Revelation\"\nof his name.\"\" (). The earth is harvested. (). John writes of seven angels with seven plagues, the last plagues ever to occur. He states that until the plagues are complete no one can enter the Temple of God. The seven Vial/Bowl judgments are similar in nature to the Trumpet judgments, but far more serious for there will be no warning when they come. In addition, there are three key differences between the Trumpet judgments and the Vial/Bowl judgments: firstly, the Trumpet judgments are plagues that bring partial devastation and plagues upon 1/3 of nature and people, while the Vial/Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15738127", "chunk_text": "\"The Bible and violence\"\nabates. God is again angered and sends \"\"a great plague\"\" (Numbers 11). God hears Miriam and Aaron speak against Moses, and punishes Miriam with leprosy. Moses asks God to heal her which he does (Numbers 12). The Israelites reach the border of Canaan, but due to reports from spies they refuse to enter, and wish to return to Egypt. God is angered, and tells Moses \"\"I will smite them with the pestilence, and destroy them, and will make of thee a nation greater and mightier than they.\"\" Moses persuades him not to, but God declares that the Israelites will now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3779233", "chunk_text": "Locust\nof literature shows how pervasive plagues of locusts were over the course of history. The insects arrived unexpectedly, often after a change of wind direction or weather, and the consequences were devastating. The Ancient Egyptians carved locusts on tombs in the period 2470 to 2220 BC, and a devastating plague is mentioned in the Book of Exodus in the Bible, as taking place in Egypt around 1446 BC. The \"\"Iliad\"\" mentions locusts taking to the wing to escape fire. Plagues of locusts are also mentioned in the Quran. In the ninth century BC, the Chinese authorities appointed anti-locust officers. Aristotle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3549586", "chunk_text": "\"Epidemiology of plague\"\nthe empire perished. J. F. Gilliam believes that the Antonine plague probably caused more deaths than any other epidemic during the empire before the mid-3rd century. Epidemiology of plague Globally about 600 cases of plague are reported a year. In 2017 the countries with the most cases include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, and Peru. Local outbreaks of the plague are grouped into three plague pandemics, whereby the respective start and end dates and the assignment of some outbreaks to either pandemic are still subject to discussion. The pandemics were: However, the late medieval Black Death is sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "877209", "chunk_text": "\"Animals in the Bible\"\nhave, or have not, fins and scales (Leviticus 11:9, 10). The reptiles, or \"\"creeping things\"\", form the fourth class. References to this class are relatively few. However, it should be noticed that the \"\"creeping things\"\" include not only the reptiles properly so called, but also all short-legged animals or insects which seem to crawl rather than to walk, such as moles, lizards, etc. From a religious viewpoint, all these animals are divided into two classes, clean and unclean, according to whether they can, or cannot, be eaten. Animals in the Bible The Bible names over 120 species of animals by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12973179", "chunk_text": "\"Creeping Death\"\nPharaoh to set the Hebrew slaves free from Egypt. Moses, through his older brother Aaron, insisted he was sent by God, and that Pharaoh free his people to the promised land of Caanan (for the last 400 years, the Hebrew people had lived in the Goshen region of Egypt as slaves—\"\"Land of Goshen\"\"). To prove his point and persuade Pharaoh as Pharaoh refused to do, Moses, guided by God, laid ten plagues on the Egyptians. The ten strikes: There are a great deal of group-assisted vocals in \"\"Creeping Death\"\"; the song often requires more than one vocalist performing at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6121498", "chunk_text": "Abaddon\nmean an underworld abode of lost souls, or Gehenna. In some legends, Abaddon is identified as a realm where the damned lie in fire and snow, one of the places in Gehenna that Moses visited. The Christian scriptures contain the first known depiction of \"\"Abaddon\"\" as an individual entity instead of a place. In Revelation 9:11, Abaddon is described as \"\"Destroyer\"\", the angel of the abyss, and as the king of a plague of locusts resembling horses with crowned human faces, women's hair, lions' teeth, wings, iron breast-plates, and a tail with a scorpion's stinger that torments for five months", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20192320", "chunk_text": "\"Plagues of Egypt\"\nremove this plague and promised to allow the Israelites' freedom. However, after the plague was gone, the \"\"hardened Pharaoh's heart\"\", and he refused to keep his promise. The word \"\"‘arob\"\" has caused a difference of opinion among traditional interpreters. The root meaning is (ע.ר.ב), meaning a mixture - implying a diversity, array, or assortment of harmful animals. While Jewish interpreters understand the plague as \"\"wild animals\"\" (most likely scorpions, venomous snakes, and other venomous arthropods and reptiles), Gesenius along with many Christian interpreters understand the plague as a swarm of flies. Before this final plague, God commanded Moses to inform", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20945464", "chunk_text": "\"Bubonic plague\"\nthe United States had 1,036 human plague cases with an average of 9 cases per year. In 2015, 16 people in the Western United States developed plague, including 2 cases in Yosemite National Park. These US cases usually occur in rural northern New Mexico, northern Arizona, southern Colorado, California, southern Oregon, and far western Nevada. In November 2017, the Madagascar Ministry of Health reported an outbreak to WHO (World Health Organization) with more cases and deaths than any recent outbreak in the country. Unusually most of the cases were pneumonic rather than bubonic. In June 2018, a child was confirmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_730	where are red blood cells made in adults?	n/a	[ "in the bone marrow" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398715", "chunk_text": "\"Blood cell\"\nthe lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs to be exhaled. Red blood cells are disk-shaped and deformable to allow them to squeeze through narrow capillaries. Red blood cells are much smaller than most other human cells. RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells in a process known as erythropoiesis. In adults, about 2.4 million RBCs are produced each second. RBCs have a lifespan of approximately 100-120 days. After they have completed their lifespan, they are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen. Mature red blood cells are unique among cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398677", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nbind oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the cells and the blood. The cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids, and this structure provides properties essential for physiological cell function such as deformability and stability while traversing the circulatory system and specifically the capillary network. In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. They lack a cell nucleus and most organelles, in order to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin; they can be viewed as sacks of hemoglobin, with a plasma membrane as the sack. Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14969545", "chunk_text": "Haematopoiesis\nHaematopoiesis Haematopoiesis (from Greek αἷμα, \"\"blood\"\" and ποιεῖν \"\"to make\"\"; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells.<ref name=\"\"Birbrair n/a–n/a\"\"></ref> In a healthy adult person, approximately 10–10 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the unique ability to give rise to all of the different mature blood cell types and tissues. HSCs are self-renewing cells: when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2500638", "chunk_text": "Blood\nbone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis, which includes erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells; and myelopoiesis, the production of white blood cells and platelets. During childhood, almost every human bone produces red blood cells; as adults, red blood cell production is limited to the larger bones: the bodies of the vertebrae, the breastbone (sternum), the ribcage, the pelvic bones, and the bones of the upper arms and legs. In addition, during childhood, the thymus gland, found in the mediastinum, is an important source of T lymphocytes. The proteinaceous component of blood (including clotting proteins) is produced predominantly by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398678", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nsecond in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. Packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that have been donated, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusion. Almost all vertebrates, including all mammals and humans, have red blood cells. Red blood cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3124406", "chunk_text": "\"Adult stem cell\"\ncells, the use of human adult stem cells in research and therapy is not considered to be controversial, as they are derived from adult tissue samples rather than human embryos designated for scientific research. They have mainly been studied in humans and model organisms such as mice and rats. A stem cell possesses two properties: Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and umbilical cord blood and give rise to all the blood cell types. Mammary stem cells provide the source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation and play an important role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398676", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nRed blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek \"\"erythros\"\" for \"\"red\"\" and \"\"kytos\"\" for \"\"hollow vessel\"\", with \"\"-cyte\"\" translated as \"\"cell\"\" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398701", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nblood circulation for about 100 to 120 days (and 80 to 90 days in a full term infant). At the end of their lifespan, they are removed from circulation. In many chronic diseases, the lifespan of the red blood cells is reduced. Erythropoiesis is the process by which new red blood cells are produced; it lasts about 7 days. Through this process red blood cells are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones. (In the embryo, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production.) The production can be stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (EPO),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398686", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nthe centre of 0.8–1 µm, being much smaller than most other human cells. These cells have an average volume of about 90 fL with a surface of about 136 μm, and can swell up to a sphere shape containing 150 fL, without membrane distension. Adult humans have roughly 20–30 trillion red blood cells at any given time, constituting approximately 70% of all cells by number. Women have about 4–5 million red blood cells per microliter (cubic millimeter) of blood and men about 5–6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more. Red blood cells are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15781299", "chunk_text": "Erythropoiesis\nErythropoiesis Erythropoiesis (from Greek 'erythro' meaning \"\"red\"\" and 'poiesis' meaning \"\"to make\"\") is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes). It is stimulated by decreased O in circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which then secrete the hormone erythropoietin. This hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of red cell precursors, which activates increased erythropoiesis in the hemopoietic tissues, ultimately producing red blood cells (erythrocytes). In postnatal birds and mammals (including humans), this usually occurs within the red bone marrow. In the early fetus, erythropoiesis takes place in the mesodermal cells of the yolk sac. By the third or fourth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398714", "chunk_text": "\"Blood cell\"\nBlood cell A blood cell, also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include; Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood. Red blood cells or \"\"erythrocytes\"\", primarily carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide through the use of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that gives red blood cells their color and facilitates transportation of oxygen from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4686232", "chunk_text": "Leukopoiesis\nLeukopoiesis Leukopoiesis is a form of hematopoiesis in which white blood cells (WBC, or leukocytes) are formed in bone marrow located in bones in adults and hematopoietic organs in the fetus. White blood cells, indeed all blood cells, are formed from the differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to several cell lines with unlimited differentiation potential. These immediate cell lines, or colonies, are progenitors of red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets (megakaryocytes), and the two main groups of WBCs, myelocytes and lymphocytes. On the basis of the history of associated leukemic diseases, it's divided into two main groups:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "647280", "chunk_text": "Reticulocyte\nReticulocyte Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red blood cells in the human body. In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into mature red blood cells. Like mature red blood cells, in mammals, reticulocytes do not have a cell nucleus. They are called reticulocytes because of a reticular (mesh-like) network of ribosomal RNA that becomes visible under a microscope with certain stains such as new methylene blue and Romanowsky stain. To", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11189892", "chunk_text": "Erythropoiesis\nmonth, erythropoiesis moves to the liver. After seven months, erythropoiesis occurs in the bone marrow. Increased level of physical activity can cause an increase in erythropoiesis. However, in humans with certain diseases and in some animals, erythropoiesis also occurs outside the bone marrow, within the spleen or liver. This is termed \"\"extramedullary erythropoiesis\"\". The bone marrow of essentially all the bones produces red blood cells until a person is around five years old. The tibia and femur cease to be important sites of hematopoiesis by about age 25; the vertebrae, sternum, pelvis and ribs, and cranial bones continue to produce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13947794", "chunk_text": "\"Hematopoietic stem cell\"\nHematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells. This process is called haematopoiesis.<ref name=\"\"Birbrair n/a–n/a\"\"></ref> This process occurs in the red bone marrow, in the core of most bones. In embryonic development, the red bone marrow is derived from the layer of the embryo called the mesoderm. Hematopoiesis is the process by which all mature blood cells are produced. It must balance enormous production needs (the average person produces more than 500 billion blood cells every day) with the need to precisely regulate the number of each blood cell type", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398688", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\n(the remaining oxygen is carried dissolved in the blood plasma). The red blood cells of an average adult human male store collectively about 2.5 grams of iron, representing about 65% of the total iron contained in the body. Red blood cells in mammals \"\"anucleate\"\" when mature, meaning that they lack a cell nucleus. In comparison, the red blood cells of other vertebrates have nuclei; the only known exceptions are salamanders of the genus \"\"Batrachoseps\"\" and fish of the genus \"\"Maurolicus\"\". The elimination of the nucleus in vertebrate red blood cells has been offered as an explanation for the subsequent accumulation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4686233", "chunk_text": "Leukopoiesis\nacute and chronic. The incidence of both chronic and acute leukaemias is higher in males than in females. Leukopoiesis Leukopoiesis is a form of hematopoiesis in which white blood cells (WBC, or leukocytes) are formed in bone marrow located in bones in adults and hematopoietic organs in the fetus. White blood cells, indeed all blood cells, are formed from the differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to several cell lines with unlimited differentiation potential. These immediate cell lines, or colonies, are progenitors of red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets (megakaryocytes), and the two main groups of WBCs, myelocytes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398713", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\n3255 BCE. These cells were discovered in May 2012. Red blood cell Red blood cells, also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek \"\"erythros\"\" for \"\"red\"\" and \"\"kytos\"\" for \"\"hollow vessel\"\", with \"\"-cyte\"\" translated as \"\"cell\"\" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. RBCs take up oxygen in the lungs, or gills of fish, and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. The cytoplasm of erythrocytes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398709", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nform. When red blood cells sometimes occur as a stack, flat side next to flat side. This is known as \"\"rouleaux formation\"\", and it occurs more often if the levels of certain serum proteins are elevated, as for instance during inflammation. Red blood cells can be obtained from whole blood by centrifugation, which separates the cells from the blood plasma in a process known as blood fractionation. Packed red blood cells, which are made in this way from whole blood with the plasma removed, are used in transfusion medicine. During plasma donation, the red blood cells are pumped back into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707132", "chunk_text": "Folate\n(production of red blood cells) is hindered. This leads to megaloblastic anemia, which is characterized by large, immature red blood cells. This pathology results from persistently thwarted attempts at normal DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell division, and produces abnormally large red cells called megaloblasts (and hypersegmented neutrophils) with abundant cytoplasm capable of RNA and protein synthesis, but with clumping and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin. Some of these large cells, although immature (reticulocytes), are released early from the marrow in an attempt to compensate for the anemia. Both adults and children need folate to make normal red and white blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398684", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nevolved a mode of red blood cell development substantially different from the mammalian norm. Overall, mammalian red blood cells are remarkably flexible and deformable so as to squeeze through tiny capillaries, as well as to maximize their apposing surface by assuming a cigar shape, where they efficiently release their oxygen load. Red blood cells in mammals are unique amongst vertebrates as they do not have nuclei when mature. Red blood cells of mammals cells have nuclei during early phases of erythropoiesis, but extrude them during development as they mature; this provides more space for hemoglobin. The red blood cells without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398700", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nand consequently cannot divide and have limited repair capabilities. The inability to carry out protein synthesis means that no virus can evolve to target mammalian red blood cells. However, infection with parvoviruses (such as human parvovirus B19) can affect erythroid precursors, as recognized by the presence of giant pronormoblasts with viral particles and inclusion bodies, thus temporarily depleting the blood of reticulocytes and causing anemia. Human red blood cells are produced through a process named erythropoiesis, developing from committed stem cells to mature red blood cells in about 7 days. When matured, in a healthy individual these cells live in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398702", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nsynthesised by the kidney. Just before and after leaving the bone marrow, the developing cells are known as reticulocytes; these constitute about 1% of circulating red blood cells. The functional lifetime of a red blood cell is about 100–120 days, during which time the red blood cells are continually moved by the blood flow push (in arteries), pull (in veins) and a combination of the two as they squeeze through microvessels such as capillaries. They are also recycled in the bone marrow. The aging red blood cell undergoes changes in its plasma membrane, making it susceptible to selective recognition by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438461", "chunk_text": "Blood\nthe presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or \"\"formed elements\"\") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398685", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nnuclei, called reticulocytes, subsequently lose all other cellular organelles such as their mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. The spleen acts as a reservoir of red blood cells, but this effect is somewhat limited in humans. In some other mammals such as dogs and horses, the spleen sequesters large numbers of red blood cells which are dumped into the blood during times of exertion stress, yielding a higher oxygen transport capacity. A typical human red blood cell has a disk diameter of approximately 6.2–8.2 µm and a thickness at the thickest point of 2–2.5 µm and a minimum thickness in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2500627", "chunk_text": "Blood\ncells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ion transported in plasma. Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and dark red when it is deoxygenated. Some animals, such as crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3124405", "chunk_text": "\"Adult stem cell\"\nAdult stem cell Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cells (from Greek Σωματικóς, meaning \"\"of the body\"\"), they can be found in juvenile as well as adult animals and humans, unlike embryonic stem cells. Scientific interest in adult stem cells is centered on their ability to divide or \"\"self-renew\"\" indefinitely, and generate all the cell types of the organ from which they originate, potentially regenerating the entire organ from a few cells. Unlike for embryonic stem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2844249", "chunk_text": "\"Bone marrow\"\nBone marrow Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow typically accounts for approximately . Human marrow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814926", "chunk_text": "\"Human musculoskeletal system\"\nbone marrow (yellow and red). The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow cavity. During starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for energy. The red marrow of some bones is an important site for blood cell production, approximately 2.6 million red blood cells per second in order to replace existing cells that have been destroyed by the liver. Here all erythrocytes, platelets, and most leukocytes form in adults. From the red marrow, erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes migrate to the blood to do their special tasks. Another function of bones is the storage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398687", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nthus much more common than the other blood particles: there are about 4,000–11,000 white blood cells and about 150,000–400,000 platelets per microliter. Human red blood cells take on average 60 seconds to complete one cycle of circulation. The blood's red color is due to the spectral properties of the hemic iron ions in hemoglobin. Each human red blood cell contains approximately 270 million of these hemoglobin molecules. Each hemoglobin molecule carries four heme groups; hemoglobin constitutes about a third of the total cell volume. Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of more than 98% of the oxygen in the body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8168756", "chunk_text": "\"White blood cell\"\nWhite blood cell White blood cells (also called leukocytes or leucocytes and abbreviated as WBCs) are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. All white blood cells have nuclei, which distinguishes them from the other blood cells, the anucleated red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. Types of white blood cells can be classified in standard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6715038", "chunk_text": "\"Packed red blood cells\"\nas anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, infection, volume overload, and lung injury. With current preparation methods in the developed world the risk of viral infections such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS are less than one in a million. However, the risks of infection are higher in low income countries. Packed red blood cells are produced from whole blood or by apheresis. They typically last for three to six weeks. The widespread use of packed red blood cells began in the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1341249", "chunk_text": "\"Induced stem cells\"\nclinical requirements. Red blood cells (RBC)s generated in vitro from mobilized CD34 positive cells have normal survival when transfused into an autologous recipient. RBC produced in vitro contained exclusively fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which rescues the functionality of these RBCs. In vivo the switch of fetal to adult hemoglobin was observed after infusion of nucleated erythroid precursors derived from iPSCs. Although RBCs do not have nuclei and therefore can not form a tumor, their immediate erythroblasts precursors have nuclei. The terminal maturation of erythroblasts into functional RBCs requires a complex remodeling process that ends with extrusion of the nucleus and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398716", "chunk_text": "\"Blood cell\"\nin the human body in that they lack a nucleus (although erythroblasts do have a nucleus). The condition of having too few red blood cells is known as anemia, while having too many is polycythemia. White blood cells or \"\"leukocytes\"\", are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. They are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cells. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. There are a variety of types of white bloods cells that serve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12437168", "chunk_text": "\"Packed red blood cells\"\nUnited States. Without capitalization, it is simply generic without specifying whether or not the cells comprise a blood product, patient blood, etc. (with other generic terms for it being \"\"erythrocyte\"\" and \"\"red cell\"\"). Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "474650", "chunk_text": "\"Nucleated red blood cell\"\nnucleated RBCs are found only in the circulation of fetuses and newborn infants. After infancy, RBCs normally only contain a nucleus during the very early stages of the cell's life, and the nucleus is ejected as a normal part of cellular differentiation before the cell is released into the bloodstream. Thus, if NRBCs are seen on an adult's peripheral blood smear, it suggests that there is a very high demand for the bone marrow to produce RBCs, and immature RBCs are being released into circulation. Possible pathologic causes include anemia, myelofibrosis, thalassemia, miliary tuberculosis, cancers involving bone marrow (myelomas, leukemias,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2910950", "chunk_text": "Erythropoietin\nErythropoietin Erythropoietin (; EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow. Low levels of EPO (around 10 mU/mL) are constantly secreted sufficient to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover. Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO (up to 10 000 mU/mL) include any anemia, and hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease. Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6715040", "chunk_text": "\"Packed red blood cells\"\nWhereas in high-income countries, most blood transfusions are given to people over 65 years of age (up to 76%). In these countries transfusion are most commonly used for supportive care in heart surgery, transplant surgery, massive trauma, and therapy for solid and blood cancers. Due to changes in surgical practices, medical use of blood is now the major use of red blood cells in high-income countries. Blood transfusion is typically recommended when hemoglobin levels reach 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in those who have stable vital signs. For those with heart disease it is recommended at 80g/L (8 g/dL). RBCs are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703310", "chunk_text": "\"Red pulp\"\nknown as red pulp macrophages (RPMs). They are necessary for maintaining blood homeostasis by performing phagocytosis upon injured and senescent erythrocytes and blood-borne particulates. Evidence suggests that RPMs are mainly produced during embryogenesis and are maintained during adult life. Additionally, there are a number of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that regulate the development and survival of RPMs, these factors being: Spi-C, IRF8/4, heme oxygenase-1 and M-CSF. RPM's are capable of inducing the differentiation of regulatory T cells by the expression of transforming growth factor-β. They can also secrete type-1 interferons during parasitic infections. Blood in the arteries end in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2506947", "chunk_text": "Bone\nand white blood cells, created by mitosis, platelets are shed from very large cells called megakaryocytes. This process of progressive differentiation occurs within the bone marrow. After the cells are matured, they enter the circulation. Every day, over 2.5 billion red blood cells and platelets, and 50–100 billion granulocytes are produced in this way. As well as creating cells, bone marrow is also one of the major sites where defective or aged red blood cells are destroyed. °Determined by the species, age, and the type of bone, bone cells make up to 15 percent of the bone. Growth factor storage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "647285", "chunk_text": "Reticulocyte\nthat they contain all of the machinery necessary to translate proteins but lack a nucleus. Since a cell's nucleus contains many components that make studying translation difficult, these cells are quite useful. Scientists can collect reticulocytes from animals such as rabbits and extract the mRNA and translation enzymes to study protein translation in a cell-free, in vitro system, allowing greater control over the environment in which proteins are being synthesized. Reticulocyte Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red blood cells in the human body. In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9365326", "chunk_text": "\"Stem-cell line\"\nembryonic stem cells). Types of adult stem cells include hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Hematopoetic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and generate all cells of the immune system all blood cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells are found in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and adipose tissue and can generate a number of cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In medicine, adult stem cells are mostly commonly used in bone marrow transplants to treat many bone and blood cancers as well as some autoimmune diseases. (See Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) Of the types of adult", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398689", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nof non-coding DNA in the genome. The argument runs as follows: Efficient gas transport requires red blood cells to pass through very narrow capillaries, and this constrains their size. In the absence of nuclear elimination, the accumulation of repeat sequences is constrained by the volume occupied by the nucleus, which increases with genome size. Nucleated red blood cells in mammals consist of two forms: normoblasts, which are normal erythropoietic precursors to mature red blood cells, and megaloblasts, which are abnormally large precursors that occur in megaloblastic anemias. Red blood cells are deformable, flexible, are able to adhere to other cells,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5332383", "chunk_text": "\"Blood transfusion\"\nBlood transfusion Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and increase iron levels by improving the amount of oxygen found in the body. White blood cells, are not commonly used during transfusion but are related to the immune system and to fight infections.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4212462", "chunk_text": "Hematocrit\nHematocrit The hematocrit () (Ht or HCT), also known by several other names, is the volume percentage (vol%) of red blood cells in blood. It is normally 47% ±5% for men and 42% ±5% for women. It is considered an integral part of a person's complete blood count results, along with hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Because the purpose of red blood cells is to transfer oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, a blood sample's hematocrit—the red blood cell volume percentage—can become a point of reference of its capability of delivering oxygen. The measure of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19398699", "chunk_text": "\"Red blood cell\"\nwall and membrane, killing it. As a result of not containing mitochondria, red blood cells use none of the oxygen they transport; instead they produce the energy carrier ATP by the glycolysis of glucose and lactic acid fermentation on the resulting pyruvate. Furthermore, the pentose phosphate pathway plays an important role in red blood cells; see glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency for more. As red blood cells contain no nucleus, protein biosynthesis is currently assumed to be absent in these cells. Because of the lack of nuclei and organelles, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703312", "chunk_text": "\"Red pulp\"\nparallel arrangement of the sinus endothelial cells forces the blood in the red pulp through slits that are formed by the stress fibres. However, this passage can become difficult for ageing red blood cells due to their less flexible membranes and therefore they get stuck in the cords and they will be subsequently phagocytosed by the red pulp macrophages. This process is known as erythrophagocytosis, which is important for the turnover of red blood cells and the recycling of iron, which is a major function of the red pulp macrophages and is made possible by this special structure of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19990981", "chunk_text": "Degmacyte\nDegmacyte A degmacyte (a.k.a. \"\"bite cell\"\") is an abnormally shaped red blood cell with one or more semicircular portions removed from the cell margin. These \"\"bites\"\" result from the removal of denatured hemoglobin by macrophages in the spleen. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, in which uncontrolled oxidative stress causes hemoglobin to denature and form Heinz bodies, is a common disorder that leads to the formation of bite cells. Bite cells can contain more than one \"\"bite.\"\" The \"\"bites\"\" in degmacytes are smaller than the missing red blood cell fragments seen in schistocytes. Degmacytes usually appear smaller than a normal red blood cell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6715037", "chunk_text": "\"Packed red blood cells\"\nPacked red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have hemoglobin disorders. Cross matching is typically required before the blood is given. It is given by injection into a vein. Side effects include allergic reactions such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5597017", "chunk_text": "Hydroxycarbamide\nof gamma globin gene expression and subsequent gamma chain synthesis necessary for fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production (which does not polymerize and deform red blood cells like the mutated HbS, responsible for sickle cell disease). Adult red cells containing more than 1% HbF are termed F cells. These cells are progeny of a small pool of immature committed erythroid precursors (BFU-e) that retain the ability to produce HbF. Hydroxyurea also suppresses the production of granulocytes in the bone marrow which has a mild immunosuppressive effect particularly at vascular sites where sickle cells have occluded blood flow. Brand names include: Hydrea, Litalir,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_731	who was the pinkerton detective agency's first female detective?	n/a	[ "Kate Warne" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9040170", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nKate Warne Kate Warne (1833 – January 28, 1868) was the first female detective, in 1856, in the Pinkerton Detective Agency and the United States. Very little is known about Kate Warne prior to her working for Allan Pinkerton, except that she was born in Erin, Chemung County, New York and was a widow by age 23. Pinkerton, in his book \"\"The Spy of the Rebellion\"\" (1883), described her as: [a] commanding person, with clear cut, expressive features ... a slender, brown-haired woman, graceful in her movements and self-possessed. Her features, although not what could be called handsome [beautiful], were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7409623", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nas a young detective in the Canadian TV series \"\"The Pinkertons\"\", played by Martha MacIsaac. Kate Warne Kate Warne (1833 – January 28, 1868) was the first female detective, in 1856, in the Pinkerton Detective Agency and the United States. Very little is known about Kate Warne prior to her working for Allan Pinkerton, except that she was born in Erin, Chemung County, New York and was a widow by age 23. Pinkerton, in his book \"\"The Spy of the Rebellion\"\" (1883), described her as: [a] commanding person, with clear cut, expressive features ... a slender, brown-haired woman, graceful in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7087136", "chunk_text": "\"Private investigator\"\nAbraham Lincoln in 1861. Pinkerton's agents performed services which ranged from undercover investigations and detection of crimes, to plant protection and armed security. It is sometimes claimed, probably with exaggeration, that at the height of its existence, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency employed more agents than the United States Army. Allan Pinkerton hired Kate Warne in 1856 as a private detective, making her the first female private detective in America. During the union unrest in the US in the late 19th century, companies sometimes hired operatives and armed guards from the Pinkertons. In the aftermath of the Homestead Riot of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13106285", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Pinkerton\"\nAllan Pinkerton Allan J. Pinkerton (25 August 1819 – 1 July 1884) was a Scottish American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. Allan Pinkerton was born in Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland, to William Pinkerton and his wife, Isobel McQueen, on August 25, 1819. He left school at the age of 10 after his father's death. Pinkerton read voraciously and was largely self-educated. A cooper by trade, Pinkerton was active in the Scottish Chartist movement as a young man. He secretly married Joan Carfrae (1822-1887) from Duddingston, then a singer, in Glasgow on 13 March 1842.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9034600", "chunk_text": "\"Hattie Lawton\"\nHattie Lawton Hattie Lawton, also known as Hattie H. Lawton, Hattie Lewis, and Hattie Lewis Lawton was an American detective, who worked for Allan Pinkerton, of the Pinkerton Detective Agency. Lawton may have been born around 1837, although, most details of her life, before and after the American Civil War, are unknown. \"\"[Hattie] Lawton was part of Pinkerton's Female Detective Bureau, formed in 1860 to 'worm out secrets' by means unavailable to male detectives.\"\" Hattie Lawton, along with fellow female Pinkerton detective Kate Warne, worked with other Pinkerton agents who actively participated in the detection of the alleged 1861 Baltimore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14604455", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\ncustom to employ women detectives!\"\" Kate argued her point of view eloquently - pointing out that women could be \"\"most useful in worming out secrets in many places which would be impossible for a male detective.\"\" A Woman would be able to befriend the wives and girlfriends of suspected criminals and gain their confidence. Men become braggarts when they are around women who encourage them to boast. Kate also noted, Women have an eye for detail and are excellent observers. Warne's arguments swayed Pinkerton, who employed Warne as the first female detective. Pinkerton soon had a chance to put Warne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13106299", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Pinkerton\"\nPinkerton agency before becoming an author, and his experiences influenced the character of the Continental Op who was a Continental Detective Agency operative, similar to the Pinkertons. Allan Pinkerton Allan J. Pinkerton (25 August 1819 – 1 July 1884) was a Scottish American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. Allan Pinkerton was born in Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland, to William Pinkerton and his wife, Isobel McQueen, on August 25, 1819. He left school at the age of 10 after his father's death. Pinkerton read voraciously and was largely self-educated. A cooper by trade, Pinkerton was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9034604", "chunk_text": "\"Hattie Lawton\"\nspy, Elizabeth Van Lew, visited Hattie Lawton, but it is unclear whether Van Lew was aware of the real identity of \"\"Mrs. Timothy Webster\"\". Following her release from prison, nothing is known regarding Lawton's post-war years or death. Hattie Lawton Hattie Lawton, also known as Hattie H. Lawton, Hattie Lewis, and Hattie Lewis Lawton was an American detective, who worked for Allan Pinkerton, of the Pinkerton Detective Agency. Lawton may have been born around 1837, although, most details of her life, before and after the American Civil War, are unknown. \"\"[Hattie] Lawton was part of Pinkerton's Female Detective Bureau, formed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836810", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\nAnti-Pinkerton Act in 1893, federal law has stated that an \"\"individual employed by the Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization, may not be employed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia.\"\" In the 1870s, Franklin B. Gowen, then president of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, hired the agency to \"\"investigate\"\" the labor unions in the company's mines. A Pinkerton agent, James McParland, using the alias \"\"James McKenna\"\", infiltrated the Molly Maguires, a 19th-century secret society of mainly Irish-American coal miners, leading to the downfall of the labor organization. The incident inspired Arthur", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9040188", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nwent undercover was brought about by a Captain Sumner, who was convinced that both his sister, Mrs. Annie Thayer and a Mr. Pattmore, were attempting to poison Mrs. Pattmore and himself. Warne took the name Lucille and assumed the role of a fortune teller to lure information out of the suspected murderer's confidants. In the meantime, she also continually coordinated Pinkerton's other female detectives in the agency. Pinkerton rented a space for Warne to work as part of her guise. Allan Pinkerton named Kate Warne one of the five best detectives that he had. Her employment by Pinkerton was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7409622", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nDetective Bureau established by Pinkerton, her title being Supervisor of Women Agents. Pinkerton said to his female prospective agents: In my service you will serve your country better than on the field. I have several female operatives. If you agree to come aboard you will go in training with the head of my female detectives, Kate Warne. She has never let me down. Warne was buried in the Pinkerton Family Plot at Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois. Her gravestone is marked under the misspelled surname of \"\"Warn\"\", and states that she died of \"\"congestion of the lungs.\"\" Kate Warne was depicted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836815", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\na bank was robbed by George Collins, aka Fred Lewis, and Bill Randolph; Pinkerton Detective Chas Schumacher trailed them and was killed. Collins was hanged on March 26, 1904, and Randolph was hanged on May 8, 1905, in Union. Pinkertons were also hired for transporting money and other high-quality merchandise between cities and towns, which made them vulnerable to outlaws. Pinkerton agents were usually well paid and well armed. G.H. Thiel, a former Pinkerton employee, established the Thiel Detective Service Company in St. Louis, Missouri, a competitor to the Pinkerton agency. The Thiel company operated in the U.S., Canada, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836808", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\nMichigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia as well as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Battle of Blair Mountain in 1921. The company now operates as \"\"Pinkerton Consulting & Investigations, Inc. d.b.a. Pinkerton Corporate Risk Management\"\", a division of the Swedish security company Securitas AB. The former Government Services division, PGS, now operates as Securitas Critical Infrastructure Services, Inc. In the 1850s, Allan Pinkerton, Scottish detective and spy, met Chicago attorney Edward Rucker in a local Masonic Hall and formed the North-Western Police Agency, later known as the Pinkerton Agency. Historian Frank Morn writes: \"\"By the mid-1850s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16529308", "chunk_text": "\"Eloise Page\"\nat the Christ Episcopal Church in Georgetown. She was nicknamed the \"\"Iron Butterfly\"\". Though colleagues remembered her as a genteel woman, she could be fierce and demanding when her role required. Her official ID badge is held in the CIA Museum. Eloise Page Eloise Randolph Page (February 19, 1920 – October 16, 2002) was an American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer. She was the first female officer in several agency roles. Page was born and grew up in Richmond, Virginia. She learned piano as a child and originally hoped to be a professional musician. She studied at Hollins College and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838147", "chunk_text": "\"Alaska P. Davidson\"\nthe first female FBI agent by the character Lana Kane in the episode titled \"\"Waxing Gibbous\"\" of the TV series \"\"Archer: Dreamland\"\" has been noted by \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" as an example of the show's habit of using obscure references. Alaska P. Davidson Alaska Packard Davidson (March 1, 1868 – July 16, 1934) was an American law enforcement officer who is best known for being the first female special agent in the FBI. Davidson was born in Warren, Ohio, on March 1, 1868, to Warren and Mary Elizabeth Doud Packard. Her two brothers, James Ward Packard and William Doud Packard,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5996242", "chunk_text": "\"Isabella Goodwin\"\nIsabella Goodwin Isabella Goodwin was an American police officer, and the first female detective in New York City. Isabella Goodwin was born in Greenwich Village, Manhattan in 1865. Around 1885, she married John W. Goodwin, a police officer. The couple had six children, of which four survived. Goodwin became a widow in 1896 when she was 30 years old. The New York City police department had only started hiring women (“police matrons\"\") to look after female and child prisoners in 1881. When Goodwin applied for a job after her husband died, she had to pass an exam then was hired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838143", "chunk_text": "\"Alaska P. Davidson\"\nAlaska P. Davidson Alaska Packard Davidson (March 1, 1868 – July 16, 1934) was an American law enforcement officer who is best known for being the first female special agent in the FBI. Davidson was born in Warren, Ohio, on March 1, 1868, to Warren and Mary Elizabeth Doud Packard. Her two brothers, James Ward Packard and William Doud Packard, founded Packard, an automobile manufacturer later taken over by Studebaker. Little is preserved about her personal life, except that she only had three years of public schooling and no university education and that she had one child, Esther, who died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2015312", "chunk_text": "\"Women in law enforcement\"\nchildren. This separation ended in the 1970s. Until 1998, women in the police force had their rank prefixed with a letter W (e.g. \"\"WPC\"\" for Constable). The first policewomen in the United States included Marie Owens, who joined the Chicago Police department in 1891; Lola Baldwin, who was sworn in by the city of Portland in 1908; Fanny Bixby, also sworn into office in 1908 by the city of Long Beach, California; and Alice Stebbins Wells who was initiated into the Los Angeles Police Department in 1910. In 1943, Frances Glessner Lee was appointed captain in the New Hampshire State", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1702821", "chunk_text": "\"Fredericka Mandelbaum\"\nthe day including Queen Liz, Big Mary, \"\"Black\"\" Lena Kleinschmidt, Adam Worth, Sophie Lyons, and George Leonidas Leslie as well as judges and police officials. However, in 1884, New York District Attorney Peter B. Olney hired the Pinkerton Detective Agency to infiltrate Mandelbaum's organization. An agent, posing as a prospective thief, arranged to have several marked bolts of silk stolen from a store where it was discovered in a police raid on her home the following morning. Arrested with her son Julius and clerk Herman Stroude, Mandelbaum was released on bail and fled the United States with an estimated $1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836806", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\nPinkerton (detective agency) Pinkerton, founded as the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, is a private security guard and detective agency established in the United States by Scotsman Allan Pinkerton in 1850 and currently a subsidiary of Securitas AB. Pinkerton became famous when he claimed to have foiled a plot to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln, who later hired Pinkerton agents for his personal security during the Civil War. Pinkerton's agents performed services ranging from security guarding to private military contracting work. Pinkerton was the largest private law enforcement organization in the world at the height of its power. During the labor strikes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15841041", "chunk_text": "\"Lola Baldwin\"\nLola Baldwin Aurora \"\"Lola\"\" Greene Baldwin (1860 – June 22, 1957) of Portland, Oregon, was one of the first policewomen in the United States. In 1908, she was sworn in by the City of Portland as Superintendent of the Women's Auxiliary to the Police Department for the Protection of Girls (later renamed the Women's Protective Division), with the rank of detective. Baldwin grew up in Rochester, New York, and taught in nearby public schools. She relocated to Lincoln, Nebraska, where she taught, then married. She, her husband, and their two sons later lived in several U.S. cities, where Baldwin engaged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836811", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\nConan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes novel \"\"The Valley of Fear\"\" (1914–1915). A Pinkerton agent also appears in a small role in \"\"The Adventure of the Red Circle\"\", a 1911 Holmes story. A 1970 film, \"\"The Molly Maguires\"\", was loosely based upon the incident as well. On July 6, 1892, during the Homestead Strike, 300 Pinkerton detectives from New York and Chicago were called in by Carnegie Steel's Henry Clay Frick to protect the Pittsburgh-area mill and strikebreakers. This resulted in a firefight and siege in which 16 men were killed and 23 others were wounded. To restore order, two brigades of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17785620", "chunk_text": "\"Etta Place\"\nPinkerton Detective Agency, dated July 29, 1902, she was \"\"said ... to be from Texas\"\", and in another Pinkerton document dated 1906, she is described as being \"\"27 to 28 years old\"\", placing her birth between 1878 and 1879. A hospital staff record from Denver, where she received treatment in May 1900, reports her age as \"\"22 or 23,\"\" putting her birth year at 1877 or 1878. Even her real name is a mystery; \"\"Place\"\" was the maiden surname of Longabaugh's mother (Annie Place) and she is recorded in various sources as Mrs. Harry Longabaugh or Mrs. Harry A. Place.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14604463", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nWarne over expenses turned over to the agency, but her relationship with Allan continued for years. After the quelled assassination attempt on president-elect Abraham Lincoln, Kate Warne continued to travel with Allan Pinkerton as his Female Superintendent of Detectives. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate States of America's cannons in Charleston began firing on Fort Sumter. These cannon shells marked the beginning of the American Civil War. Within nine days, Pinkerton wrote to President Lincoln offering the services of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. However, before Lincoln could respond, Major General George B. McClellan asked Pinkerton to set up a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16529305", "chunk_text": "\"Eloise Page\"\nEloise Page Eloise Randolph Page (February 19, 1920 – October 16, 2002) was an American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer. She was the first female officer in several agency roles. Page was born and grew up in Richmond, Virginia. She learned piano as a child and originally hoped to be a professional musician. She studied at Hollins College and gained a Master's Degree in Political Science from George Washington University. Upon graduation, she worked for the British War Relief Society. She began her US intelligence work during World War II in May 1942, working under William J. Donovan, head of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8201150", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Shanley\"\n2006. In 2016, actress Rachel McPhee put on a one-woman show devoted to her, \"\"Dead Shot Mary\"\", at the Bridge Theater in New York City. </small> </small> </small> Mary Shanley Mary Agnes Shanley (March 14, 1896 – July 3, 1989) was an American police officer and detective in the New York Police Department. She joined the department in 1931 and by 1939 was the fourth woman to achieve the rank of first-grade detective in the NYPD. She is credited with over a thousand arrests during her career. She was perhaps the first policewoman in New York City to use her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15841050", "chunk_text": "\"Lola Baldwin\"\nthe Protection of Girls, later renamed the Women's Protective Division (WPD). On April 1, 1908, she was sworn in as superintendent of the auxiliary with the rank of detective. Depending on the definition of \"\"policewoman\"\", Baldwin was the first except for Marie Owens, thought to have begun her policing career in Chicago in 1891. Another candidate for the title of \"\"first\"\" is Alice Stebbins Wells, who joined the Los Angeles Police Department in 1910. All three specialized in law enforcement related to women and children. Louise Bryant, writing about Baldwin for \"\"Sunset\"\" magazine in 1912, described her as a \"\"municipal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19518323", "chunk_text": "\"Isabella Goodwin\"\nNYC police department for 30 years. The book \"\"The Fearless Mrs. Goodwin\"\" by Elizabeth Mitchell was based on Goodwin's life. In the television period drama series \"\"The Alienist\"\", Dakota Fanning's character \"\"Sara Howard\"\" is based on the life of Isabella Goodwin. Isabella Goodwin Isabella Goodwin was an American police officer, and the first female detective in New York City. Isabella Goodwin was born in Greenwich Village, Manhattan in 1865. Around 1885, she married John W. Goodwin, a police officer. The couple had six children, of which four survived. Goodwin became a widow in 1896 when she was 30 years old.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836809", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\na few businessmen saw the need for greater control over their employees; their solution was to sponsor a private detective system. In February 1855, Allan Pinkerton, after consulting with six midwestern railroads, created such an agency in Chicago.\"\" In 1871, Congress appropriated $50,000 (about ) to the new Department of Justice (DOJ) to form a sub-organization devoted to \"\"the detection and prosecution of those guilty of violating federal law.\"\" The amount was insufficient for the new DOJ to fashion an internal investigating unit, so they contracted out the services to the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. However, since passage of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13507432", "chunk_text": "\"Women in law enforcement in the United States\"\nTheir primary responsibilities were to ensure the well-being of women, children, and girls in jails. Many women became involved in social and moral reform movements in the late 1880s and early 1900s, which facilitated their visibility in the sphere of policing and public vigilance. These moral reform movements concerned themselves with eliminating gambling, prostitution, public obscenity, alcoholism and other behaviors they considered vices. The designation of the first policewoman in the United States is contested. Some claim Alice Stebbins Wells to be the first policewoman. She was commissioned as an officer in 1910 at 37 years old in the city", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8201147", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Shanley\"\nMary Shanley Mary Agnes Shanley (March 14, 1896 – July 3, 1989) was an American police officer and detective in the New York Police Department. She joined the department in 1931 and by 1939 was the fourth woman to achieve the rank of first-grade detective in the NYPD. She is credited with over a thousand arrests during her career. She was perhaps the first policewoman in New York City to use her gun in the arrest of a suspect. Mary Shanley was born into an Irish-American family and grew up in Hell's Kitchen. Her father was born in New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13714196", "chunk_text": "\"Honey West\"\nHoney West Honey West is a fictional character created by the husband and wife writing team Gloria and Forest Fickling under the pseudonym \"\"G.G. Fickling\"\", and appearing in eleven mystery novels by the duo. The character is notable as being one of the first female private detectives in popular fiction. She first appeared in the 1957 book \"\"This Girl for Hire\"\" and would appear in nine novels before being retired in the mid-1960s, with two comeback novels in 1971. The Honey West character was created by Gloria and Forrest E. \"\"Skip\"\" Fickling under the pseudonym \"\"G.G. Fickling\"\" in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836814", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\nseven Beta Theta Pi fraternity brothers were from locally prominent families, including the son of a Trustee, but all were expelled. In 1892, however, the Trustees granted five of the men their degrees and all seven were reinstated in good standing. Pinkerton agents were hired to track western outlaws Jesse James, the Reno Gang, and the Wild Bunch (including Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid). On March 17, 1874, two Pinkerton Detectives and a deputy sheriff, Edwin P. Daniels, encountered the Younger brothers (associates of the James–Younger Gang); Daniels, John Younger, and one Pinkerton agent was killed. In Union, Missouri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836807", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton (detective agency)\"\nof the late 19th and early 20th centuries, businessmen hired the Pinkerton Agency to infiltrate unions, supply guards, keep strikers and suspected unionists out of factories, and recruit goon squads to intimidate workers. One such confrontation was the Homestead Strike of 1892, in which Pinkerton agents were called in to reinforce the strikebreaking measures of industrialist Henry Clay Frick, acting on behalf of Andrew Carnegie. The ensuing battle between Pinkerton agents and striking workers led to the deaths of seven Pinkerton agents and nine steelworkers. The Pinkertons were also used as guards in coal, iron, and lumber disputes in Illinois,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13106287", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Pinkerton\"\naffiliated with the notorious Banditti of the Prairie. After observing their movements for some time he informed the local sheriff, who arrested them. This later led to Pinkerton being appointed, in 1849, as the first police detective in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. In 1850, he partnered with Chicago attorney Edward Rucker in forming the North-Western Police Agency, which later became Pinkerton & Co, and finally Pinkerton National Detective Agency, still in existence today as Pinkerton Consulting and Investigations, a subsidiary of Securitas AB. Pinkerton's business insignia was a wide open eye with the caption \"\"We never sleep.\"\" As the US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18742409", "chunk_text": "\"Lillian O'Donnell\"\nSoul. \"\"Norah Mulcahaney\"\" series \"\"Mici Anhalt\"\" series \"\"Gwenn Ramadge\"\" series Lillian O'Donnell Lillian O'Donnell (March 15, 1926 – April 2, 2005) was an American crime novelist notable for being one of the first to introduce a female police officer as the lead character in a book series. She was born in Trieste, Italy but spent most of her life in New York. She studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, New York and her first career was in the theatre - as an actress on stage and television and as first female stage manager on Broadway. Until 1954 she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9507850", "chunk_text": "\"Lillian May Armfield\"\nLillian May Armfield Lillian May Armfield ISM (3 December 1884 – 26 August 1971) was an Australian nurse and pioneering Sydney female police detective, one of the first women to serve in that role. Lillian May Armfield was born in Mittagong, New South Wales, on 3 December 1884 to George Armfield and Elizabeth Armfield (née Wright). Her first job in 1907 was as a nurse at the Callan Park Hospital for the Insane in Callan Park, Sydney. She left that role for a pioneering position as a female police detective in the New South Wales Police Force in 1915. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13106290", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Pinkerton\"\nand barely escaped with his life. This counterintelligence work done by Pinkerton and his agents is comparable to the work done by today's U.S. Army Counterintelligence Special Agents in which Pinkerton's agency is considered an early predecessor. He was succeeded as Intelligence Service chief by Lafayette Baker; the Intelligence Service was the predecessor of the U.S. Secret Service. His work led to the establishment of the Federal secret service. Following Pinkerton's service with the Union Army, he continued his pursuit of train robbers, including the Reno Gang. He was hired by the railroad express companies to track outlaw Jesse James,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2937465", "chunk_text": "\"Gwendoline Butler\"\nGwendoline Butler Gwendoline Butler, née Williams (19 August 1922 - 5 January 2013) was a British writer of mystery fiction and romance novels since 1956, she also used the pseudonym Jennie Melville. Credited for inventing the \"\"woman's police procedural\"\", is well known for her series of Inspector John Coffin novels as Gwendoline Butler, and by female detective Charmian Daniels as Jennie Melville. Born Gwendoline Williams on 19 August 1922 in South London, England, daughter of Alice (Lee) and Alfred Edward Williams., her younger twin brothers are also authors. She was educated at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where she read History,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5124570", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Doll\"\nDenver Doll Denver Doll is a fictional character created by Edward Lytton Wheeler, author of the Deadwood Dick dime novels. She originally appeared in four novels in \"\"Beadle's Half-Dime Library\"\", which were reprinted in the \"\"Beadle's Pocket Library\"\", \"\"Deadwood Dick Library\"\" and in \"\"Aldine Boys' First-Rate Pocket Library\"\" in England. Denver Doll was the first complete American female detective novel. The first American lady detective to appear in print was Lady Kate, the Dashing Female Detective in the \"\"Fireside Companion\"\" beginning in August 1882, but the story was not completed until the December issue. Because of the scarcity of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9040184", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nas a covert war intelligence-gathering bureau. Warne could easily penetrate into Southern social gatherings. She said that women are most useful in worming out secrets in many places which would be impossible for a male detective. Believed to be a mistress of Pinkerton, Warne would often pose as his wife while undercover. She also had an assortment of alias names: Kay Warne, Kay Waren, Kay Warren, Kate Warne, Kate Waren, Kate Warren, Kitty Warne, Kitty Waren, Kitty Warren, Kittie Waren, Kittie Warne, and Kittie Warren. Warne was known as \"\"Kitty\"\" to Robert Pinkerton, Allan's brother. Robert Pinkerton often argued with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16963898", "chunk_text": "\"Girl detective (genre)\"\nthe girl sleuth characters. The original series was published by the Stratemeyer publishing company. The books appeared under the author name of Carolyn Keene, a pseudonym used by a number of authors for the series over the years. The popularity of the Nancy Drew series spawned many mid-20th-century detecting heroines such as Judy Bolton (1932 – 1967), created by Margaret Sutton; Kay Tracey (1934 to 1942); and Trixie Belden (1948 to 1986). (See the page List of fictional detective for younger readers for a fuller listing.) The era of some of the earlier heroines was echoed in later historical fiction,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2818846", "chunk_text": "\"Pinkerton Thugs\"\nPinkerton Thugs The Pinkerton Thugs are a punk band from Kennebunk, Maine. The band has been together since July 1994 under a number of different names but officially became the Pinkerton Thugs in March 1996 (taking their name from the infamous Pinkerton National Detective Agency). The band, which initially consisted of drummer/vocalist Paul Russo, guitarist/vocalist Micah Smaldone and bassist James Whitten drew influence from punk bands such as Sham 69, the Clash, Conflict, and Crass as well as Woody Guthrie's political ballads. They were known for their spirited live performances as well as their radical anarchist political views. Attempting to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8298861", "chunk_text": "\"Lilly Rush\"\nLilly Rush Lillian \"\"Lilly\"\" Rush is a fictional character in the CBS crime drama \"\"Cold Case\"\", portrayed by Kathryn Morris. She was known as the only female homicide detective in Philadelphia, until the later arrival of Lennie Desalle, then Josie Sutton, and finally Kat Miller. She specialized in working cold cases alongside her partner, Scotty Valens. According to Lilly, \"\"People shouldn't be forgotten, even if they're my kind of people. Maybe, they don't have a lot of money, they don't have lawyers, but they matter\"\". Lilly was raised on welfare by an alcoholic mother, Ellen Rush, who often neglected her.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3877753", "chunk_text": "\"George Samuel Dougherty\"\nof the Lenox Avenue Gang and NYPD police detective Lieutenant Charles Becker. He also introduced the modern-day fingerprinting to the police force. Born to Charles A. Dougherty and Ellen June in Cressona, Pennsylvania on April 5, 1865, George Dougherty worked as a printer before joining the Pinkerton Detective Agency in 1888. Dougherty soon established himself as one of the agency's top men and apprehended countless criminals during his twenty-three years with the Pinkertons. He eventually took charge of the Pinkerton's branch in New York City and held that position until accepting an offer from Mayor William Jay Gaynor to become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18867481", "chunk_text": "\"Frances Crane\"\nFrances Crane Frances Kirkwood Crane (October 27, 1890 – November 6, 1981) was an American mystery author, who introduced private investigator Pat Abbott and his future wife Jean in her first novel, \"\"The Turquoise Shop\"\" (1941). The Abbotts investigated crimes in a total of 26 volumes, each with a color in the title. Crane was born in Lawrenceville, Illinois, and hailed from a wealthy, well-educated family; most of her male relatives were doctors, and her aunt Nancy may have earned a master's degree, highly unusual for a woman of that time. Some biographies mistakenly list her birth year as 1896.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12294808", "chunk_text": "\"Kinsey Millhone\"\nher Aunt Gin, Kinsey acquired various eccentricities, including a liking for peanut-butter and pickle sandwiches. In high school, Kinsey was a self-described pot-smoking delinquent. After three semesters at the local community college she realized that academic life was not for her and she joined the Santa Teresa police force. After two years, Kinsey decided life in uniform wasn't for her, either, and quit the police force to become an investigator for California Fidelity, an insurance company, where Aunt Gin had worked. Eventually, she became a self-employed private investigator, initially mentored by local PI Benjamin Byrd, who had been a partner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7447727", "chunk_text": "\"Mina Van Winkle\"\nMina Van Winkle Mina Caroline Ginger Van Winkle (March 26, 1875 – January 16, 1933) was a crusading social worker, suffragist, and groundbreaking police lieutenant. From 1919 until her death in 1933, she led the Women's Bureau of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (in Washington D.C.), and became a national leader in the protection of girls and other women during the law enforcement and judicial process. Her provocative statements about gender and morality in the jazz age brought her further national attention. She was born Wilhelmina (\"\"Mina\"\") Caroline Ginger in New York City in 1875. From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13751478", "chunk_text": "\"Pryce Lewis\"\n1865. Lewis returned to America in 1867, and on January 20, 1868, married Maria Thwaites, an acquaintance of the store owner he worked for in Chicago before meeting Pinkerton. In 1871 Maria gave birth to a daughter, Mary, and in 1878 a son, Arthur. The family later moved to New York City, where Lewis had opened up a detective agency of his own. The new organization was highly successful and came into the public eye in 1878 when it was involved in a dispute over the will of Alexander Stewart. During this time Allan Pinkerton had been working to bring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9040173", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Warne\"\nto the test. In 1858, Warne was involved in the case of Adams Express Company embezzlements, where she was successfully able to bring herself into the confidence of the wife of the prime suspect, Mr. Maroney. She thereby acquired valuable evidence leading to the husband's conviction. Mr. Maroney was an expressman living in Montgomery, Alabama. The Maroneys stole $50,000 from the Adams Express Company. With Warne's help, $39,515 was returned. Mr. Maroney was convicted and sentenced to ten years in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1860, Allan Pinkerton put Warne in charge of his new Female Detective Bureau. In 1861, Allan Pinkerton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_732	how many episodes are there in modern family?	n/a	[ "201", "232" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14228529", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nwell as the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series twice for Julie Bowen. It has so far won a total of 22 Emmy awards from 75 nominations. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy in 2011. Being on air for 10 years, it is currently ABC's longest-running comedy series. The broadcast syndication rights to the series were sold to USA Network, the stations of Fox Television Stations, and various other local stations in other markets for a fall 2013 premiere. The success of the series led to it being the tenth-highest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815231", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nwas renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2017, which premiered on September 26, 2018. Co-creators Levitan and Lloyd have stated that the tenth season is planned to be the series' final, with talks of a spin-off. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was acclaimed by critics throughout its first few seasons, although reception has become more mixed as the series has progressed. The show won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in each of its first five years and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series four times, twice each for Eric Stonestreet and Ty Burrell, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1086023", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\npositive reviews from critics with many critics calling it similar to the fourth and fifth seasons. On Rotten Tomatoes, this season is rated 67% with 6 reviews and an average rating of 6.5/10. Kyle Fowle from \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" had a very mixed reaction to the season, only giving one episode an A- or higher. Fowle felt the season was frustrating, believing the season would be defined \"\"by its lack of character progress and overstuffed episodes.\"\" The series was renewed for seasons 9 and 10 in May 2017. In January 2018, Steve Levitan and Christopher Lloyd announced that season 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1086024", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nwould most likely be the final season, during the Television Critics Association's winter press tour. However, in August 2018, reports indicated that ABC was in discussions to renew the series for a potential eleventh season. \"\"Modern Family\"\" has won 21 Primetime Emmy Awards and 6 Writers Guild of America Awards. The show also later received a GLSEN Respect Award for its portrayal of \"\"positive images and storylines that reflect a diverse America, including the depiction of a family headed by a gay couple.\"\" In 2010, \"\"Modern Family\"\" was nominated for five Television Critics Association Awards. Like \"\"Friends\"\", to reinforce the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15252183", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 8)\"\nModern Family (season 8) The eighth season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" was ordered on March 3, 2016, by ABC. The season premiered on September 21, 2016. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. The season concluded on May 17, 2017. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for an eighth season on March 3, 2016, with several other ABC shows. Sofia Vergara shared a photo on Instagram of the cast doing a photo-shoot for the eighth season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14228530", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nrevenue-generating show for 2012, earning $2.13 million an episode. \"\"Modern Family\"\" revolves around three different types of families (nuclear, step- and same-sex) living in the Los Angeles area, who are interrelated through Jay Pritchett and his children, Claire Dunphy (née Pritchett) and Mitchell Pritchett. Patriarchal Jay is remarried to a much younger woman, Gloria Delgado Pritchett (née Ramirez), a passionate Colombian with whom he has a young son, Fulgencio Joseph \"\"Joe\"\" Pritchett, and a son from Gloria's previous marriage, Manny Delgado. Jay's daughter Claire was a homemaker, but has returned to the business world. She is now the chief executive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11287100", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 5)\"\nin total, including its fifth consecutive nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series. The ceremony for the Primetime Awards aired on August 25, 2013 on NBC while the Primetime Creative Arts Awards took place on August 16, 2013. Modern Family (season 5) On May 10, 2013, \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for a fifth season. The season premiered on September 23, 2013, and ended on May 21, 2014, with a total of 24 episodes. The first episode, \"\"Suddenly Last Summer\"\", which premiered on September 25, 2013, on ABC, made reference to the newly legalized same-sex marriage in California. The writers said that a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "934372", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 1)\"\nModern Family (season 1) The first season of the television comedy series \"\"Modern Family\"\" aired between September 23, 2009, and May 19, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The season was produced by Lloyd-Levitan Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with series creators Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan as executive producers. The series focuses on Jay Pritchett (Ed O'Neill), his daughter Claire Dunphy (Julie Bowen), and his son Mitchell Pritchett (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) who live in Los Angeles. Claire is a homemaker mom married to Phil Dunphy (Ty Burrell); they have three children. Jay is married to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17526302", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 7)\"\na Day.\"\" The three episodes received a B+, A- and B+, respectively. Modern Family (season 7) The seventh season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. The season premiered on September 23, 2015. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. On March 3, 2016, ABC renewed the show for an eighth season. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for a seventh season on May 7, 2015 by ABC. It was announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11287096", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 5)\"\nModern Family (season 5) On May 10, 2013, \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for a fifth season. The season premiered on September 23, 2013, and ended on May 21, 2014, with a total of 24 episodes. The first episode, \"\"Suddenly Last Summer\"\", which premiered on September 25, 2013, on ABC, made reference to the newly legalized same-sex marriage in California. The writers said that a wedding for Mitch and Cam was a \"\"real possibility\"\". In January 2014, it was announced that \"\"Modern Family's\"\" vacation episode would take place in Australia this season. The season was produced by Steven Levitan Productions and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1868720", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nthe single-camera style of filming, rejected the series. NBC, already broadcasting \"\"The Office\"\" and \"\"Parks and Recreation\"\", decided against taking on a third mockumentary-style show. ABC accepted the pitch. The pilot episode tested positively with focus groups, resulting in the network ordering 13 episodes and adding it to the 2009–10 fall lineup days ahead of ABC's official schedule announcement. The series was given a full season pickup in October 2009. Principal photography takes place in Los Angeles. Many of the exteriors used are on the city's Westside. The Dunphys' house is in the Cheviot Hills neighborhood. , Palisades Charter High", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "934374", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 1)\"\nAwards; eight Primetime Emmy Awards and six Creative Arts Emmy Awards, the most nominations for a comedy series after \"\"Glee\"\" and \"\"30 Rock\"\". The series was also a ratings success and the first season averaged 9.39 million viewers for all 24 episodes. The ratings led to ABC renewing the series for a second season midway through the first. The first season DVD and Blu-ray Disc box set was released on September 21, 2010. While working in the office Lloyd and Levitan were telling stories about their family and they thought that could be a show idea, and started working around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479813", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 3)\"\non location at Disneyland. The episode aired on May 9, 2012. \"\"Modern Family\"\" employs an ensemble cast. The series focuses on Jay Pritchett (Ed O'Neill), his daughter Claire Dunphy (Julie Bowen), and his son Mitchell Pritchett (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) who live in Los Angeles. Claire is a homemaker mom married to Phil Dunphy (Ty Burrell); they have three children, Haley (Sarah Hyland), the typical teenager, Alex (Ariel Winter), the smart middle child and Luke (Nolan Gould), the offbeat only son. Jay is married to a much younger Colombian woman, Gloria (Sofía Vergara), and is helping her raise her pre-teen son,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815264", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nact when it separates its characters into three storylines with no overlap between them.\"\" The second half was more warmly received, with three episodes rated an \"\"A-\"\" or higher. The show's sixth season received very positive reviews from TV critics, with some claiming that it was an improvement over the last few seasons. This season has a rating of 98% on Rotten Tomatoes. Joshua Alston and Gwen Ihnat \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" have awarded the majority of episodes a \"\"B\"\" grade or higher – with particular praise for \"\"The Day We Almost Died\"\" and \"\"Closet? You'll Love It!\"\" – marking an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "934378", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 1)\"\nthe season finale. Michael Spiller directed two episodes of the first season and went on to direct a majority of the second season. Series co-creator, Steven Levitan, also directed the penultimate episode, \"\"Hawaii\"\". The season also featured two freelance directors, Kevin Sullivan and Reginald Hudlin. \"\"Modern Family\"\" employs an ensemble cast. The series focuses on Jay Pritchett (Ed O'Neill), his daughter Claire Dunphy (Julie Bowen), and his son Mitchell Pritchett (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) who live in Los Angeles. Claire is a homemaker mom married to Phil Dunphy (Ty Burrell); they have three children, Haley (Sarah Hyland), the typical teenager, Alex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815230", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nModern Family Modern Family is an American television mockumentary family sitcom that premiered on ABC on September 23, 2009, which follows the lives of Jay Pritchett and his family, all of whom live in suburban Los Angeles. Pritchett's family includes his second wife, their son and his stepson, as well as his two adult children and their spouses and children. Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan conceived the series while sharing stories of their own \"\"modern families\"\". \"\"Modern Family\"\" employs an ensemble cast. The series is presented in mockumentary style, with the characters frequently talking directly into the camera. The series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1868723", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nSuperior Court on July 24, 2012. While not part of the lawsuit, Ed O'Neill joined his fellow castmates in seeking raises for each to about $200,000 per episode; O'Neill had been earning more money per episode than the other five. The lawsuit invoked the \"\"seven-year rule\"\" in California Labor Code Section 2855 (the De Havilland Law) and requested a declaration that their contracts were void because they were in violation of that rule. As of July 28, 2012, the conflict had been resolved. The five adult cast members' salaries were increased from $55,000–$65,000 per episode to $150,000–$175,000, with increases every", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "934373", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 1)\"\na much younger Colombian woman, Gloria (Sofía Vergara), and is helping her raise her pre-teen son, Manny. Mitchell and his partner Cameron Tucker (Eric Stonestreet) have adopted a Vietnamese baby, Lily (twins Ella Hiller and Jaden Hiller). Season one of \"\"Modern Family\"\" aired Wednesdays in the United States at 9 p.m. and consisted of 24 episodes. The season received critical acclaim from most critics, many of whom named it the best new show of 2009. The episode \"\"Fizbo\"\" received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics, with BuddyTV naming it the second best show of 2009. It was nominated for 14 Emmy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "934376", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 1)\"\n(mockumentary), \"\"The Office\"\" and \"\"Parks and Recreation\"\", decided against accepting the series until the success of the other two series decreases. ABC accepted the series. The series quickly became a priority for ABC after the pilot episode tested high with focus groups, resulting in the network ordering 13 episodes and adding it to the 2009–2010 fall lineup days ahead of ABC's official schedule announcement. The series was given a full season pickup on October 8, 2009. On January 12, 2010, ABC Entertainment President Stephen McPherson announced that \"\"Modern Family\"\" had been renewed for a second season. Lloyd-Levitan Productions and 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1868722", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nthe most prolific director of the series. In the first season, the adult cast was paid a range of approximately $30,000 to $90,000 per episode. As a result of the show's success, the cast attempted to renegotiate their contracts in the summer of 2012 to obtain higher per-episode fees, but talks broke down to the point that the fourth season's first table read had to be postponed. Five of the cast members (Ty Burrell, Julie Bowen, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Eric Stonestreet, and Sofía Vergara) retained the Quinn Emanuel law firm and sued 20th Century Fox Television in Los Angeles County", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815252", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nsitcom behind CBS's \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\". The season also ranked first among DVR viewers. The third-season premiere became ABC's top-rated season premiere in six years. The series' success in ratings has also led it to being credited for reviving sitcoms. In 2016, a \"\"New York Times\"\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"\"Modern Family\"\"s \"\"audience pattern is the prototypical example of a city show — most popular in liberal, urban clusters in Boston, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara, Calif., and least popular in the more rural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7100072", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 10)\"\nModern Family (season 10) The tenth season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" debuted on September 26, 2018 on ABC. The show is scheduled on Wednesday nights and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Steven Levitan Prods., and Picador Productions, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for its tenth season in May 2017. In January 2018, creators Levitan and Lloyd stated that the tenth season would most likely be the series' final although later in August 2018, it was reported that ABC were in discussions to renew the series for a potential 18-episode eleventh and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5133044", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 2)\"\nModern Family (season 2) The second season of the comedy television series, \"\"Modern Family\"\" premiered September 22, 2010, and ended on May 25, 2011, on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. The series is produced by Lloyd-Levitan Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as show runners. On January 12, 2010, \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for a second season by ABC. Season two of \"\"Modern Family\"\" aired Wednesdays in the United States at 9 p.m. and consisted of 24 episodes. The season received positive reviews from most critics, with many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17526300", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 7)\"\nModern Family (season 7) The seventh season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. The season premiered on September 23, 2015. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. On March 3, 2016, ABC renewed the show for an eighth season. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for a seventh season on May 7, 2015 by ABC. It was announced that the show will be recasting Joe, the son of Jay and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1086009", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nshow in America and the third-highest rated new show. Aided by winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, the show's second season became the highest rated show on Wednesday on premiere week and also rose 34% from the previous season among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. The show frequently ranked as television's top scripted series in adults 18–49 as well. The success of the show has been positively compared to \"\"The Cosby Show\"\". During the 2010–2011 season, \"\"Modern Family\"\" was the highest rated scripted show in the 18–49 demographic, and the third highest rated overall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11365493", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 6)\"\nModern Family (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" premiered on September 24, 2014 on ABC. The sixth season was ordered on May 18, 2014, by ABC. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. On May 7, 2015, ABC renewed \"\"Modern Family\"\" for a seventh season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> \"\"Modern Family\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s sixth season received positive reviews from television critics, with some claiming it an improvement over the previous couple of seasons that had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11648793", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nparts of Kentucky, Mississippi and Arkansas\"\". The first season was met with critical acclaim. It scored 100%, based on 20 reviews, on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's critical consensus stating \"\"Thanks to sharp writing and an eccentric but exceedingly likeable cast of characters, \"\"Modern Family\"\" signals the triumphant return of the family comedy.\"\" The first season also scored 86/100, based on 27 reviews, on review aggregator website Metacritic, indicating \"\"universal acclaim\"\". \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" gave it an A-, calling it \"\"immediately recognizable as the best new sitcom of the fall\"\". In \"\"Time\"\"s review, the show was named \"\"the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11648805", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nclaiming that stay-at-home mothers are no longer the norm in today's society. In season 4 of the show, the character Claire Dunphy reveals that she had been trying to find work now that her three kids didn't need a stay-at-home mother as much anymore, but that she found it tough to reenter the job market after such a long hiatus, despite her holding a college degree. In season 5, Claire returns to work with a job at her father Jay Pritchett's closet company. According to a CNET staffer commenting on a first-season episode: \"\"The wife and daughter are unable to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20233247", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Modern Family)\"\nPilot (Modern Family) The pilot episode of the television series \"\"Modern Family\"\", written by Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd and directed by Jason Winer, premiered on ABC in the United States on September 23, 2009. The pilot introduces viewers to three sets of people who make up a single family. The episode is shot in a mockumentary style, with a cameraman following the characters around their everyday lives and interviewing them at various intervals. It cuts between the experiences of the three separate units before they all come together at the end of the episode. In the episode, Jay's family", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479810", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 3)\"\nModern Family (season 3) The third season of the comedy television series, \"\"Modern Family\"\" premiered September 21, 2011 and ended on May 23, 2012 on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was officially renewed for a third season on January 10, 2011. The series airs at 9:00 pm ET on Wednesday on ABC and is produced by Lloyd-Levitan Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as show runners. This season like the previous seasons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5133069", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 2)\"\nin the 18-49 demographic, adding a 1.7 rating to the original viewership beating its closest competition, \"\"Glee\"\", by six-tenths of a point. The second season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" is set to be released in a three-DVD set, \"\"Modern Family - The Complete Second Season\"\" on September 20, 2011. The box-set contains all 24 episodes and include Deleted Family Interviews, Deleted and Extended Scenes, the \"\"Strangers on a Treadmill\"\" Table Read, Mitch's Flash Mob, the \"\"Imagine Me Naked\"\" Music Video and a Blooper Reel, Modern Family Holidays, \"\"Waiting for Oprah\"\", Chatting with Steven Levitan, and At Home with Modern Family. Modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5133068", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 2)\"\nseason as \"\"MF\"\"), \"\"Mr. Sunshine\"\" and \"\"Happy Endings\"\", with \"\"Mr. Sunshine\"\" being the only one not to be renewed. The second season ranked 24th among overall viewers and fifth among viewers between the ages of 18 and 49. The season averaged 11.76 million viewers in the seasonal 18–49 demographic ratings with an average of 4.8 rating/12% share in the demographic meaning that the season was watched by an average of 4.8% of households and 12% average of all televisions were tuned to the season when it was broadcast. Added with Digital video recorder viewers, the season received a 6.2 rating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10680924", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 4)\"\non Jay Pritchett (Ed O'Neill), his daughter Claire Dunphy (Julie Bowen), and his son Mitchell Pritchett (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) who live in Los Angeles. Claire is a homemaker mom married to Phil Dunphy (Ty Burrell); they have three children, Haley (Sarah Hyland), the typical teenager, Alex (Ariel Winter), the smart middle child and Luke (Nolan Gould), the offbeat only son. Jay is married to a much younger Colombian woman, Gloria (Sofía Vergara), and is helping her raise her teen son, Manny (Rico Rodriguez). Mitchell and his partner Cameron Tucker (Eric Stonestreet) have adopted a Vietnamese baby, Lily (Aubrey Anderson-Emmons). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20233264", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Modern Family)\"\nEmmy Awards winning Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series, but lost Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series to \"\"Glee\"\". Pilot (Modern Family) The pilot episode of the television series \"\"Modern Family\"\", written by Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd and directed by Jason Winer, premiered on ABC in the United States on September 23, 2009. The pilot introduces viewers to three sets of people who make up a single family. The episode is shot in a mockumentary style, with a cameraman following the characters around their everyday lives and interviewing them at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5914543", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 10)\"\nfinal season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Modern Family (season 10) The tenth season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" debuted on September 26, 2018 on ABC. The show is scheduled on Wednesday nights and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Steven Levitan Prods., and Picador Productions, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was renewed for its tenth season in May 2017. In January 2018, creators Levitan and Lloyd stated that the tenth season would most likely be the series' final although later in August 2018, it was reported that ABC were in discussions to renew the series for a potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815256", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nhad always planned on such a scene \"\"as part of the natural development of the show\"\". The episode \"\"The Kiss\"\" eventually aired with the kiss scene in the background, which drew praise from multiple critics. The show's second season received mostly positive reviews from critics. Season two has a rating of 86% on Rotten Tomatoes. Robert Bianco of \"\"USA Today\"\" gave the second season four out of four stars, saying \"\"Not since \"\"Frasier\"\" has a sitcom offered such an ideal blend of heart and smarts, or proven itself so effortlessly adept at so many comic variations, from subtle wordplay to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4241001", "chunk_text": "\"Spread Your Wings (Modern Family)\"\nSpread Your Wings (Modern Family) \"\"Spread Your Wings\"\" is the eleventh episode of the seventh season and the 155th episode overall of the American sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\". It aired on January 13, 2016 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode is directed by James Bagdonas and written by Vanessa McCarthy and (Ryan Walls). Alex (Ariel Winter) welcomes Phil (Ty Burrell) for the first time since she came to Caltech. While Phil is absent, Claire (Julie Bowen), Haley (Sarah Hyland) and Luke (Nolan Gould) decide to get rid of the three ducks they have, since they ruin everything in their lives.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10541113", "chunk_text": "\"The Wow Factor\"\nThe Wow Factor \"\"The Wow Factor\"\" is the 18th episode of the fourth season of the American sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\", and the series' 90th episode overall. It was aired on March 27, 2013. The episode was written by Ben Karlin and it was directed by Steven Levitan. Jesse Tyler Ferguson submitted this episode for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Ferguson also named this episode as his favorite one of the fourth season. Cam (Eric Stonestreet) and Claire (Julie Bowen) work together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815248", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nseason, plus a percentage of back end profits. O'Neill had already been earning $200,000 an episode, so his salary was lowered to parity with his co-stars but with a larger percentage of the back-end profits. Later in the summer four of the five child stars negotiated increases from $15,000–$25,000 to $70,000 per episode with an additional $10,000 per season raise. In \"\"The New York Times\"\", Bruce Feiler called attention to how the show depicts the increasing way communications technology shapes the way people perceive others, even family members. \"\"[It] is surely the first family comedy that incorporates its own hashtag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12826054", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family\"\nbig-laugh slapstick to everything in between.\"\" In a later review Bianco stated \"\"as good as it was in its first year, is even better in its second\"\", positively comparing the characters to the characters from \"\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\", \"\"The Cosby Show\"\", and \"\"Friends\"\". During the second season, Adweek named the show one of the 100 Most Influential TV Shows (98th chronologically). Despite this, some critics were less favorable toward the season and described it as a sophomore slump. Eric Stonestreet's acting was widely praised throughout the first season, but criticized during season two for being too contrived and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10680923", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 4)\"\nModern Family (season 4) On May 10, 2012, ABC renewed \"\"Modern Family\"\" for a fourth season two months after the third season of the show received 14 Primetime Emmy Award nominations. The fourth season of the comedy television series, \"\"Modern Family\"\" premiered September 26, 2012 and ended on May 22, 2013 on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. On May 10, 2012, ABC renewed \"\"Modern Family\"\" for a fourth season. Filming for the fourth season began on July 30, 2012, and the season premiered on Wednesday, September 26, 2012. \"\"Modern Family\"\" employs an ensemble cast. The series focuses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5133048", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 2)\"\nJay Pritchett (Ed O'Neill), his daughter Claire Dunphy (Julie Bowen), and his son Mitchell Pritchett (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) who live in Los Angeles. Claire is a homemaker mom married to Phil Dunphy (Ty Burrell); they have three children, Haley (Sarah Hyland), the typical teenager, Alex (Ariel Winter), the smart middle child, and Luke (Nolan Gould), the offbeat only son. Jay is married to a much younger Colombian woman, Gloria (Sofía Vergara), and is helping her raise her pre-teen son, Manny (Rico Rodriguez). Mitchell and his partner Cameron Tucker (Eric Stonestreet) have adopted a Vietnamese baby, Lily (twins Ella Hiller and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12640929", "chunk_text": "\"Three Turkeys\"\nThree Turkeys \"\"Three Turkeys\"\" is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\", and the series' 128th episode overall. It originally aired on November 19, 2014. The episode was written by Jeffrey Richman and directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller. The Three Turkeys refer to thanksgiving in the Dunphy household and the disasters that follow. This also includes Jay and Gloria's attempt to avoid thanksgiving with their family and Lily, keeping Mitchell and Cameron occupied. Despite all the obstacles, it's still clear that a family will always be there for each other even in the difficulties they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5133064", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 2)\"\nat the TCA Awards his second nomination for the award and his first time winning. The series also received a TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy, the second win for the series in a row. The series also received 17 Emmy nominations including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series and Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. The series received the third-most number of nominations for the year behind \"\"Mad Men\"\" and \"\"Boardwalk Empire\"\". It later won five Emmys for Outstanding Comedy Series, Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress, Writing for a Comedy Series and Directing for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "660567", "chunk_text": "\"A Tale of Three Cities (Modern Family)\"\nA Tale of Three Cities (Modern Family) \"\"A Tale of Three Cities\"\" is the season premiere of the eighth season of the American sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\". It aired on September 21, 2016 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The premiere is directed by Chris Koch and written by Elaine Ko. Haley (Sarah Hyland), Alex (Ariel Winter) and Luke (Nolan Gould) are in vacation in New York with Claire (Julie Bowen) and Phil (Ty Burrell) but the parents have to leave early. At the last minute they decide to stay but, unbeknownst to them, the kids have made the same decision. Both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18499121", "chunk_text": "\"American Skyper\"\n\"\"Next Projection\"\" awarded it a score of 7.5/10, saying that the show has a long climb to make before it gets close to its old heights. Hopefully an invigorating hiatus will renew writerly enthusiasm.\"\". American Skyper \"\"American Skyper\"\" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\", and the series' 144th episode overall. It originally aired on May 20, 2015. The episode was written by Elaine Ko and directed by Steven Levitan. In the episode, the whole family (except from Phil who is in Seattle and joins them via a telepresence robot) gathers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9776879", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 1)\"\nPeabody Award. The show was later nominated for 14 Primetime Emmy Awards, the third most Emmy nominations for a comedy series for 2009 after \"\"Glee\"\" and \"\"30 Rock\"\". The season later won 6 of the 14 Emmy nominations including Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. The season is currently nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for series co-creator Steven Levitan's work on the penultimate episode, \"\"Hawaii\"\". Modern Family (season 1) The first season of the television comedy series \"\"Modern Family\"\" aired between September 23, 2009, and May 19, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3004823", "chunk_text": "\"The Alliance (Modern Family)\"\nThe Alliance (Modern Family) \"\"The Alliance\"\" is the eighth episode of the eighth season of the American sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\". It aired on November 30, 2016 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode is directed by James Bagdonas and written by Andy Gordon and Ryan Walls. Gloria (Sofia Vergara), Phil (Ty Burrell), and Cameron (Eric Stonestreet) reveal that being married to a Pritchett is not always easy which is the reason why they formed an alliance against their judgmental spouses. Gloria helps Cameron to get rid of two Russian guests who are refusing to leave the rented upstairs unit and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4479820", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 3)\"\nreceived 14 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, the most nominations for a comedy, and won five of them. The show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy. Modern Family (season 3) The third season of the comedy television series, \"\"Modern Family\"\" premiered September 21, 2011 and ended on May 23, 2012 on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. \"\"Modern Family\"\" was officially renewed for a third season on January 10, 2011. The series airs at 9:00 pm ET on Wednesday on ABC and is produced by Lloyd-Levitan Productions in association with 20th Century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19001066", "chunk_text": "Sitcom\nBBC series of the same name. The first season of \"\"The Office\"\" was met with mixed reviews, but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics. These seasons were included on several critics' year-end top TV series lists, winning several awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Comedy Series in 2006. While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, earlier writers oversaw the final season and ended the show's run with a positive reception. \"\"Modern Family\"\" is a mockumentary sitcom that premiered on ABC on September 23, 2009. The series is presented in mockumentary style,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_733	who built the first temple for god in jerusalem?	n/a	[ "Solomon" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283136", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nHaElohim\"\" \"\"House of God\"\", or simply \"\"Beiti\"\" \"\"my house\"\", \"\"Beitekhah\"\" \"\"your house\"\" etc. In rabbinical literature the temple is \"\"Beit HaMikdash\"\", \"\"The Sanctified House\"\", and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name. The Hebrew Bible says that the First Temple was built by King Solomon. According to the Book of Deuteronomy, as the sole place of Israelite sacrifice (), the Temple replaced the Tabernacle constructed in the Sinai Desert under the auspices of Moses, as well as local sanctuaries, and altars in the hills. This temple was sacked a few decades later by Shoshenq I, Pharaoh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12140732", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nof Christ, became a rich and multi-layered theme in medieval Christian thought (where Temple/body can be the heavenly body of Christ, the ecclesial body of the Church, and the Eucharistic body on the altar). The Temple Mount bears significance in Islam as it acted as a sanctuary for the Hebrew prophets and the Israelites. Islamic tradition says that a temple was first built on the Temple Mount by Jacob and later rebuilt by Solomon, the son of David. Referred to as the \"\"Farthest Mosque\"\" (\"\"al-masjid al-aqṣa' \"\" literally \"\"utmost site of bowing (in worship)\"\"; through the term now refers specifically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18218176", "chunk_text": "\"Solomon's Temple\"\nSolomon's Temple According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was the Holy Temple (: \"\"Beit HaMikdash\"\") in ancient Jerusalem before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE and its subsequent replacement with the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE. The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon, king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant. Jewish historian Josephus says", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3296821", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nMuslims 281,000 (35%), Christians 14,000 (around 2%) and 9,000 (1%) were not classified by religion. According to the Bible, King David conquered the city from the Jebusites and established it as the capital of the united kingdom of Israel, and his son, King Solomon, commissioned the building of the First Temple. However, modern scholars dispute this version of events, arguing instead that Jews branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatrous — and later monotheistic — religion centered on El/Yahweh, one of the Ancient Canaanite deities. These foundational events, straddling the dawn of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283137", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nof Egypt. Although efforts were made at partial reconstruction, it was only in 835 BCE when Jehoash, King of Judah, in the second year of his reign invested considerable sums in reconstruction, only to have it stripped again for Sennacherib, King of Assyria c. 700 BCE. The First Temple was totally destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, when they sacked the city. According to the Book of Ezra, construction of the Second Temple was authorized by Cyrus the Great and began in 538 BCE, after the fall of the Babylonian Empire the year before. It was completed 23 years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12140736", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nDavid Hazony has described the phenomenon as \"\"a campaign of intellectual erasure [by Palestinian leaders, writers, and scholars] ... aimed at undermining the Jewish claim to any part of the land\"\" and compared the phenomenon to Holocaust denial. Archaeological excavations have found remnants of both the First Temple and Second Temple. Among the artifacts of the First Temple are dozens of ritual immersion or baptismal pools in this area surrounding the Temple Mount, as well as a large square platform identified by architectural archaeologist Leen Ritmeyer as likely being built by king Hezekiah c. 700 BCE as a gathering area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9594015", "chunk_text": "\"Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple\"\nArchaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple Several kinds of archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple exist, both for the Temple that stood before the destruction of Jerusalem by Babylonia in 586 BCE, and for the rebuilt Temple that stood until destruction by Rome in the year 70. The term First Temple is customarily used to describe the Temple of the Biblical period, which is thought to have been destroyed by the Babylonian conquest. It is described in the Bible as having been built by King Solomon, and is understood to have been constructed with its Holy of Holies centered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18218178", "chunk_text": "\"Solomon's Temple\"\nauthenticity has been challenged and they are the subject of controversy. The only source of information on the First Temple is the Tanakh. According to the biblical sources, the temple was constructed under Solomon, during the united monarchy of Israel and Judah. The Bible describes Hiram I of Tyre who furnished architects, workmen and cedar timbers for the temple of his ally Solomon at Jerusalem. He also co-operated with Solomon in mounting an expedition on the Red Sea. puts the date of the beginning of building the temple \"\"in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel\"\". The conventional dates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283144", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nRomans in 70 CE during the Siege of Jerusalem. During the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Romans in 132–135 CE, Simon bar Kokhba and Rabbi Akiva wanted to rebuild the Temple, but bar Kokhba's revolt failed and the Jews were banned from Jerusalem (except for Tisha B'Av) by the Roman Empire. The emperor Julian allowed to have the Temple rebuilt but the Galilee earthquake of 363 ended all attempts ever since. After the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in the 7th century, Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ordered the construction of an Islamic shrine, the Dome of the Rock, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493378", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\na massive expansion of the Temple Mount. Religious worship and temple rituals continued during the construction process. When the Roman emperor Caligula planned to place his own statue inside the temple, Herod's grandson Agrippa I was able to intervene and convince him against this. Herod's Temple was one of the larger construction projects of the 1st century BCE. Josephus records that Herod was interested in perpetuating his name through building projects, that his construction programs were extensive and paid for by heavy taxes, but that his masterpiece was the Temple of Jerusalem. The old temple built by Zerubbabel was replaced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20137456", "chunk_text": "\"Solomon's Temple\"\nThere is no archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple, and the building is not mentioned in surviving extra-biblical accounts. Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman argue that the first Jewish temple in Jerusalem was not built until the end of the 7th century BCE, around three hundred years after Solomon. They believe the temple should not really be assigned to Solomon, who they see as little more than a small-time hill country chieftain, and argue that it was most likely built by Josiah, who governed Judah from 639 to 609 BCE. There is archaeological and written evidence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493362", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nSecond Temple The Second Temple (, \"\"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\"\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon. The Second Temple was originally a rather modest structure constructed by a number of Jewish exile groups returning to the Levant from Babylon under the Achaemenid-appointed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12386561", "chunk_text": "\"Jerusalem in Judaism\"\nfor all mankind and consequently Jerusalem will become the spiritual center of the world. The earliest tradition regarding Jerusalem states that Adam, the first man, was created from the same place where in future the Altar would stand in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. After he was ejected from the Garden of Eden, he returned to this spot to offer a sacrifice to God. Cain and Abel also brought their offerings on this Altar. It is believed that Adam lived in Jerusalem for all of his life. The Altar in Jerusalem remained as a permanent shrine where all people could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19321402", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nJewish tradition and scripture, the First Temple was built by King Solomon the son of King David in 957 BCE and destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The second was constructed under the auspices of Zerubbabel in 516 BCE and destroyed by the Roman Empire in 70 CE. Jewish tradition maintains it is here that a third and final Temple will also be built. The location is the holiest site in Judaism and is the place Jews turn towards during prayer. Due to its extreme sanctity, many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself, to avoid unintentionally entering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814607", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nIsrael broke with the United Monarchy to form their own nation, with its kings, prophets, priests, traditions relating to religion, capitals and temples in northern Israel. The southern tribes, together with the Aaronid priesthood, remained in Jerusalem, with the city becoming the capital of the Kingdom of Judah. In 538 BCE, the Persian King Cyrus the Great invited the Jews of Babylon to return to Judah to rebuild the Temple. Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple. Sometime soon after 485", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283146", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nNations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law to be in violation of international law. The Muslim Waqf, based in Jordan, has administrative control of the Temple Mount. There are three theories as to where the Temple stood: where the Dome of the Rock is now located, to the north of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Asher Kaufman), to the east of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Joseph Patrich of the Hebrew University). The Temple of Solomon or First Temple consisted of three main elements: In the case of the last and most elaborate structure, the Herodian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283135", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nTemple in Jerusalem The Temple in Jerusalem was any of a series of structures which were located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, the current site of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. These successive temples stood at this location and functioned as a site of ancient Israelite and later Jewish worship. It is also called the Holy Temple (, Modern: \"\"Bēt HaMīqdaš\"\", Tiberian: \"\"Bēṯ HaMīqdāš\"\", Ashkenazi: \"\"Bēs HaMīqdoš\"\"; Arabic: بيت المقدس \"\"Beit Al-Maqdis\"\"; : \"\"Betä Mäqdäs\"\"). The Hebrew name given in the Hebrew Bible for the building complex is either \"\"Beit YHWH\"\", \"\"Beit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2850379", "chunk_text": "Temple\nin Jerusalem is the site where the First Temple of Solomon and the Second Temple were built. At the center of the structure was the Holy of Holies where only the High Priest could enter. The Temple Mount is now the site of the Islamic edifice, the Dome of the Rock (c. 690). The Greek word \"\"synagogue\"\" came into use to describe Jewish (and Samaritan) places of worship during Hellenistic times and it, along with the Yiddish term \"\"shul\"\", and the original Hebrew term \"\"Beit Knesset\"\" (\"\"House of meeting\"\") are the terms in most universal usage. Since the 18th Century,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814606", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nthus suited to serve as the centre of its federation. Opinion is divided over whether the so-called Large Stone Structure and the nearby Stepped Stone Structure may be identified with King David's palace, or dates to a later period. According to the Bible, King David reigned for 40 years and was succeeded by his son Solomon, who built the Holy Temple on Mount Moriah. Solomon's Temple (later known as the \"\"First Temple\"\"), went on to play a pivotal role in Jewish religion as the repository of the Ark of the Covenant. On Solomon's death, ten of the northern Tribes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8381391", "chunk_text": "\"Church of the Holy Sepulchre\"\ncommemorate Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. In 70 AD, the siege of Jerusalem by Emperor Titus saw the destruction of the Second Temple. Sixty years later, in 130 AD, the Roman emperor Hadrian started a Roman colony in Jerusalem, and 135, ordered that a cave containing a rock-cut tomb be filled in to create a flat foundation for a temple dedicated to Jupiter or Venus. The temple, usually referred to as \"\"Jupiter Capitolinus\"\", remained until the early 4th century. After seeing a vision of a cross in the sky in 312, Constantine the Great converted to Christianity, signed the Edict of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5113975", "chunk_text": "\"Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple\"\nThey believe the temple should not really be assigned to Solomon, who they see as little more than a small-time hill country chieftain, and was most likely built by Josiah, who governed Judah from 639 to 609 BCE. The term \"\"Second Temple\"\" describes the temple described in the Bible as having been built after the accession of Cyrus the Great to the throne of the Persian Empire in 559 BCE made the re-establishment of the city of Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the Temple possible. The physical evidence for the existence of this Temple is extensive. Consecrated in 516 BCE", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18156581", "chunk_text": "\"Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period\"\nwork to build the walls and encircle Mount Zion with squared stones, for better fortification; and they did so.\"\", while according to chapter 13, 10, Simon Maccabeus \"\"assembled all the warriors and hastened to complete the walls of Jerusalem, and he fortified it on every side.\"\" These date the construction of the Hasmonean city wall, also known as the first wall, between 142 and 134 BCE. Encompassing the City of David and the western hill, the walls were not entirely new but also incorporated elements of the earlier fortifications, such as the Iron Age \"\"Israelite Tower\"\" unearthed in the Jewish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17143182", "chunk_text": "\"Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period\"\nwall\"\", the City of David and the Upper City, and was heavily built up, though less so at its wealthy parts. The second, known as the \"\"suburb\"\" or \"\"Bethesda\"\", lay north of the first and was sparsely populated. It contained that section of Jerusalem within the Herodian \"\"second wall\"\" (which was still standing), though it was itself surrounded by the new \"\"third wall\"\" (HaHoma HaShlishit), built by king Agrippa I: According to Josephus, Agrippa had intended to construct a wall at least 5 meters think, virtually impregnable to contemporary siege engines. Agrippa, however, never moved beyond the foundations, out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19683090", "chunk_text": "\"Siebenberg House\"\nhouse is the story and message that history tells to us today. The continuity of the Jewish people. Where apparently the palace of a Hasmonean once stood now resides the Siebenberg family some 2,000 years later. According to the Bible Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was the Holy Temple (Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ: Bet HaMikdash) in ancient Jerusalem, on the Temple Mount (also known as Mount Zion). Before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE. There is no archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple, and no mention of it in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3296828", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nThe inscription states: \"\"I am Yahweh thy God, I will accept the cities of Judah and I will redeem Jerusalem\"\", or as other scholars suggest: \"\"Yahweh is the God of the whole earth. The mountains of Judah belong to him, to the God of Jerusalem\"\". An ancient settlement of Jerusalem, founded as early as the Bronze Age on the hill above the Gihon Spring, was according to the Bible named Jebus (\"\"e.g.\"\", Judges 19:10:יְב֔וּס הִ֖יא יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם: \"\"Jebus, it [is] Jerusalem\"\"). Called the \"\"Fortress of Zion\"\" (\"\"metsudat Zion\"\"), it was renamed by David as the City of David, and was known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15841502", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nand beautifying the city. He built walls, towers and palaces, and expanded the Temple Mount, buttressing the courtyard with blocks of stone weighing up to 100 tons. Under Herod, the area of the Temple Mount doubled in size. Shortly after Herod's death, in 6 CE Judea came under direct Roman rule as the Iudaea Province, although the Herodian dynasty through Agrippa II remained client kings of neighbouring territories until 96 CE. Roman rule over Jerusalem and the region was challenged in the First Jewish–Roman War, which ended with a Roman victory. The Second Temple was destroyed in 70 CE, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16374208", "chunk_text": "\"Religious significance of Jerusalem\"\nJudaism it is considered the Written Law, the basis for the Oral Law (Mishnah, Talmud and Shulkhan Arukh) studied, practiced and treasured by Jews and Judaism for three millennia. The Talmud elaborates in great depth the Jewish connection with the city. According to the Hebrew Bible, the First Temple, at the site known as the Temple Mount today, was built by King Solomon and finished in 950 BC, and Mount Moriah is where Abraham almost sacrificed his son and talked to God. When the Babylonians captured the city in 580 BC, they destroyed the temple and sent the Jews into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16553360", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nhistory is synonymous with events pertaining to the Temple itself. After the destruction of Solomon's Temple by Nebuchadnezzar II, construction of the Second Temple began under Cyrus in around 538 BCE, and was completed in 516 BCE. Evidence of a Hasmonean expansion of the Temple Mount has been recovered by archaeologist Leen Ritmeyer. Around 19 BCE, Herod the Great further expanded the Mount and rebuilt the temple. The ambitious project, which involved the employment of 10,000 workers, more than doubled the size of the Temple Mount to approximately . Herod leveled the area by cutting away rock on the northwest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19683091", "chunk_text": "\"Siebenberg House\"\nsurviving contemporary extra-biblical literature. The Hebrew Bible states that the temple was constructed under Solomon, King of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah and that during the Kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant. Josephus claims that \"\"the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years, six months, and ten days after it was built,\"\" (Jew. Ant. 10.8.5), though rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19158670", "chunk_text": "\"Walls of Jerusalem\"\nthe low southeastern hill, outside today's Old City area. Solomon, David's son, built the First Temple on the hilltop rising right above the city he had inherited, the Temple Mount, and then extended the city walls in order to protect the temple. During the First Temple period the city walls were extended to include the northwest hill as well, i.e. the area where today's Jewish and Armenian Quarter (Jerusalem) Quarters are located. The entire city was destroyed in 587/86 BCE during the siege led by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. After the Babylonian captivity and the Persian conquest of Babylonia, Cyrus II", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19321430", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nrainwater reservoir, Birket Israel, in the northeast. As a result of the First Jewish–Roman War, the fortress was destroyed in 70 CE by Titus, the army commander and son of Roman emperor Vespasian. The city of Aelia Capitolina was built in 130 CE by the Roman emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the First Jewish Revolt in 70 CE. \"\"Aelia\"\" came from Hadrian's \"\"nomen gentile\"\", \"\"Aelius\"\", while \"\"Capitolina\"\" meant that the new city was dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinus, to whom a temple was built on the site", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19321413", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nAccording to the Bible, both Jewish Temples stood at the Temple Mount, though archaeological evidence only exists for the Second Temple. However, the identification of Solomon's Temple with the area of the Temple Mount is widespread. According to the Bible the site should function as the center of all national life—a governmental, judicial and religious center. During the Second Temple period it functioned also as an economic center. According to Jewish tradition and scripture, the First Temple was built by King Solomon the son of King David in 957 BCE and destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1136979", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nthe 1st century CE has made the issue contentious within Christian and Islamic thought as well. Furthermore, the complicated political status of Jerusalem makes reconstruction difficult, while Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock have been constructed at the traditional physical location of the Temple. When the Umayyad Caliph Abdel-Malik ibn Marwan built the Dome of the Rock, some reports indicated that the Jews were filled with elation. Some even believed that this Islamic shrine was the third temple. For a century, Jews had full access to this site. In 363 CE, the Roman emperor Julian had ordered Alypius", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9594016", "chunk_text": "\"Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple\"\na stone hilltop now known as the Foundation Stone which had been a traditional focus of worship in Jerusalem. Because of the religious and political sensitivities involved, no archaeological excavations and only limited surface surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted since Charles Warren's expedition of 1867–70. There is no archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple, and the building is not mentioned in surviving extra-biblical accounts. Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman argue that the first Jewish temple in Jerusalem was not built until the end of the 7th century BCE, around three hundred years after Solomon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8688422", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\na continuous source of friction and controversy. Jerusalem has been sacred to the Jews since King David proclaimed it his capital in the 10th century BCE. Jerusalem was the site of Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple. Although not mentioned in the Torah / Pentateuch, it is mentioned in the Bible 632 times. Today, the Western Wall, a remnant of the wall surrounding the Second Temple, is a Jewish holy site second only to the \"\"Holy of Holies\"\" on the Temple Mount itself. Synagogues around the world are traditionally built with the Holy Ark facing Jerusalem, and Arks within Jerusalem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4234330", "chunk_text": "\"Chronology of Jesus\"\nTemple in Jerusalem with historical data about the construction of the Temple. Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was an extensive and long term construction on the Temple Mount, which was never fully completed even by the time it was destroyed by the Romans in AD 70. Having built entire cities such as Caesarea Maritima, Herod saw the construction of the Temple as a key, colossal monument. The dedication of the initial temple (sometimes called the inner Temple) followed a 17 or 18 month construction period, just after the visit of Augustus to Syria. Josephus () states that the temple's reconstruction was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10274915", "chunk_text": "\"Herod the Great\"\nHerod the Great Herod (; , Greek: , \"\"Hērōdēs\"\"; 74/73 BCE – c. 4 BCE), also known as Herod the Great and Herod I, was a Roman client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom. The history of his legacy has polarized opinion, as he is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea, including his expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem (Herod's Temple), the construction of the port at Caesarea Maritima, the fortress at Masada, and Herodium. Vital details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman–Jewish historian Josephus. Herod", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19321400", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nTemple Mount The Temple Mount (, Har HaBáyit, \"\"Mount of the House (of God, i.e. the Temple in Jerusalem)\"\"), known to Muslims as the Haram esh-Sharif (, \"\"al-Ḥaram al-Šarīf\"\", \"\"the Noble Sanctuary\"\", or , \"\"al-Ḥaram al-Qudsī al-Šarīf\"\", \"\"the Noble Sanctuary of Jerusalem\"\") and the Al Aqsa Compound is a hill located in the Old City of Jerusalem that for thousands of years has been venerated as a holy site, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alike. The present site is a flat plaza surrounded by retaining walls (including the Western Wall) which was built during the reign of Herod the Great", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5909335", "chunk_text": "\"Temple Church\"\nof the Rock, featured on the official seals of the Order's Grand Masters (such as Everard des Barres and Renaud de Vichiers), and soon became the architectural model for Round Templar churches across Europe. The round church is 55 feet in diameter, and contains within it a circle of the earliest known surviving free-standing Purbeck Marble columns. It is probable that the walls and grotesque heads were originally painted in colours. It was consecrated on 10 February 10, 1185 by Heraclius, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. It is believed that King Henry II (1154–1189) was present at the consecration. The Knights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5245337", "chunk_text": "\"Second Temple\"\nreligion, of the synagogue and of apocalyptic expectations for the future all developed in the Judaism of this period. Second Temple The Second Temple (, \"\"Beit HaMikdash HaSheni\"\") was the Jewish holy temple which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Jewish tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and part of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile to Babylon. The Second Temple was originally a rather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8911031", "chunk_text": "Kaaba\nhave preceded the \"\"Kaaba\"\", it was the first \"\"House of God\"\", dedicated solely to Him, built by His instruction and sanctified and blessed by Him as stated in Quran 22:26–29. A Hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the \"\"Kaaba\"\" was the First Mosque on Earth, and the Second Mosque was the Temple in Jerusalem. While Abraham was building the \"\"Kaaba\"\", an angel brought to him the Black Stone which he placed in the eastern corner of the structure. Another stone was the Maqam-e-Ibrahim (literally the Station of Abraham) where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. The Black Stone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283143", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nDuring the Roman era, Pompey entered (and thereby desecrated) the Holy of Holies in 63 BCE, but left the Temple intact. In 54 BCE, Crassus looted the Temple treasury, only for him to die the year after at the Battle of Carrhae against Parthia. According to folklore he was executed by having molten gold poured down his throat. When news of this reached the Jews, they revolted again, only to be put down in 43 BCE. Around 20 BCE, the building was renovated and expanded by Herod the Great, and became known as Herod's Temple. It was destroyed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16680374", "chunk_text": "\"Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period\"\nIn 175 BCE, Jason (Greek name, previous name was Jesus which is Greek for Joshua), brother of high priest Onias III, petitioned Antiochus IV to take his brother's place. He also sought to turn Jerusalem into a Polis, seeking to build both a gymnasium and an ephebeion in the city. In return for a bribe, Jason's petition was granted. Onias fled and his son, Onias IV, established the Temple of Onias in Egypt. The Polis status was beneficial to the affluent elite whose members could stand for election in the various civic institutions. Turning Jerusalem into a Polis, therefore, further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18156607", "chunk_text": "\"Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period\"\nwith his subjects and to glorify his own name, massively expanded both the Temple and very mount on which it stood. Under Herod, the area of the Temple Mount doubled in size. The Temple was the masterpiece of Herod's massive building enterprise, built of white and green marble, and perhaps even blue marble used to portray waves. The building was continuously improved, even after Herod's death and up to its very destruction in 70 CE. Unlike the earlier structures which stood at the site, there are in fact many archaeological finds, including inscriptions, supporting Josephus' account of Herod's Temple. Herod", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12140734", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nthe Temple in Jerusalem (referred to as \"\"\"\"Beit Al-Maqdis\"\"\"\", in the Hadiths) similar to the Jews before changing it to the Kaaba in Mecca sixteen months after arriving in Medina following the verses revealed (Sura 2:144, 149-150). Secondly, during the Meccan part of his life, he reported to have been to Jerusalem by night and prayed in the Temple, as the first part of his otherworldly journey (Isra and Mi'raj). Imam Abdul Hadi Palazzi, leader of Italian Muslim Assembly, quotes the Quran to support Judaism's special connection to the Temple Mount. According to Palazzi, \"\"The most authoritative Islamic sources affirm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283138", "chunk_text": "\"Temple in Jerusalem\"\nlater, on the third day of Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the Great (12 March 515 BCE), dedicated by the Jewish governor Zerubbabel. However, with a full reading of the Book of Ezra and the Book of Nehemiah, there were four edicts to build the Second Temple, which were issued by three kings. Cyrus in 536 BCE, which is recorded in the first chapter of Ezra. Next, Darius I of Persia in 519 BCE, which is recorded in the sixth chapter of Ezra. Third, Artaxerxes I of Persia in 457 BCE, which was the seventh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6409072", "chunk_text": "\"Herodian architecture\"\nHerodian architecture Herodian architecture is a style of classical architecture characteristic of the numerous building projects undertaken during the reign (37–4 BC) of Herod the Great, the Roman client king of Judea. Herod undertook many colossal building projects, most famously his reconstruction of the Temple in Jerusalem (c. 19 BC). Many of his structures were built upon comparable, previous Hasmonean buildings and most of his have, in their turn, vanished as well. Herod introduced numerous architectural innovations and construction techniques in his buildings, such as the domes inside the Double Gate to the Temple Mount. He adapted the \"\"mikveh\"\" —", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8688346", "chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nrocks with carved cornerstones. A huge water reservoir dating from this period was discovered in 2012 near Robinson's Arch, indicating the existence of a densely built-up quarter across the area west of the Temple Mount during the Kingdom of Judah. When the Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel in 722 BCE, Jerusalem was strengthened by a great influx of refugees from the northern kingdom. The First Temple period ended around 586 BCE, as the Babylonians conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and laid waste to Solomon's Temple and the city. This period, when Canaan formed part of the Egyptian empire, corresponds in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11043173", "chunk_text": "\"Herod's Palace (Jerusalem)\"\nthe Temple Mount. Excavations by Ruth Amiran and Avraham Eitan have also revealed some parts of the superstructure which included sections of painted plaster. The \"\"Kishle\"\" prison excavations are accessible every Friday morning when guided tours are organised by the Tower of David Museum. Herod's Palace (Jerusalem) Herod's Palace at Jerusalem was built in the last quarter of the 1st century BC by Herod I the Great, King of Judea from 37 BC to 4 BC. It was the second most important building in Jerusalem, after the Temple itself, in Herod’s day and was situated at the northwestern wall of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3703349", "chunk_text": "\"Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)\"\nmosque built on the site. The earliest account of such a structure is given by the Gallic bishop Arculf, who visited Jerusalem between 679 and 682, and describes a very primitive house of prayer able to accommodate up to 3,000 worshippers, constructed of wooden beams and boards over pre-existing ruins. More than half a century after the capture of Jerusalem, in 691, the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned the construction of the Dome of the Rock over a large outcropping of bedrock on the Temple Mount. The 10th-century historian al-Muqaddasi wrote that Abd al-Malik built the shrine in order to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_734	what is a dropped pin on google maps for?	n/a	[ "marks locations in Google Maps", "marks locations" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158577", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nGoogle Maps pin The Google Maps pin is the inverted-drop-shaped icon that marks locations in Google Maps. The pin is protected under a U.S. design patent as \"\"teardrop-shaped marker icon including a shadow\"\". Google has used the pin in various graphics, games, and promotional materials. The pin, sometimes referred to as \"\"the marker\"\", has been widely co-opted by other companies, organizations, and individuals for their own marketing efforts, artwork, and activism. In both digital and physical representations, the pin is often used to symbolize mapping software and the technology industry as a whole. The Google Maps pin has been called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158579", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nto accurately mark a point on a map without obscuring the location. The main body of the pin is circular at the top, but tapers into a point at the bottom, forming an inverted teardrop shape. A drop shadow extends from the point at the bottom, giving the pin a three-dimensional look. In the original version of Google Maps, the pin was displayed with the letters \"\"A\"\" through \"\"J\"\" when there was more than one search results. In later versions, the pin was shown with a black dot inside to mark a single location. In 2011, Google released a minor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158591", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nas google map does. The iconic symbol will become a navigating landmark for the flying birds.\"\" Jaime Derriger wrote, \"\"The icon that we have all come to know and love which graces our Google maps to let us know where we are, or where we need to go, has become ubiquitous. Designer Shu-Chun Hsiao realized this and created the Google Birdhouse Project, an ongoing project to give birds destinations of their own, just like Google maps does for humans\"\". Google Maps pin The Google Maps pin is the inverted-drop-shaped icon that marks locations in Google Maps. The pin is protected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158580", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nredesign of the pin that changed the black outline of the pin to a dark red for a softer look. Google has used the pin in online and traditional print marketing campaigns for Google Maps. The pin is displayed as part of the icon for the Google Maps mobile application, on a stylized map along with an uppercase letter \"\"G\"\" for \"\"Google.\"\" The pin has been used on promotional objects like beer glasses, stickers, and coffee cup sleeves in various marketing campaigns. Google has also designed and sold T-shirts that display a Google Maps pin along with the words \"\"I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158583", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nNew York City. Businesses and consumers were asked to pin their locations on the Pink Pin website, share personal stories related to breast cancer awareness, and donate to the cause. In 2014, Google launched \"\"Smarty Pins\"\", a browser-based geographical trivia game that features the Google Maps pin. Players receive clues about locations around the world, which they then identify by placing the Google Maps pin on a map. Players start the game with 1,000 points, and lose points equivalent to the number of miles they place their pins from the correct location. Bonus points can be gained by answering the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17151726", "chunk_text": "\"Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen\"\na bubble top which tapers to a narrow point with a drop shadow. A Google spokesperson told the New York Times that Rasmussen avoided using a star or dot on the map, because they would obscure too much of the map. The Google Maps Pin touches the map only at the exact point of the location. In 2014, Museum of Modern Art in New York City acquired a representation of the Google Maps Pin for its permanent collection. Rasmussen holds patents on thirty-five software services and applications. Google Maps won two Webby Awards in 2006, one in the General Website", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15045007", "chunk_text": "\"Drawing pin\"\nDrawing pin A drawing pin (British English) or thumb tack (North American English) is a short nail or pin used to fasten items to a wall or board for display and intended to be inserted by hand, usually using the thumb. A variety of names are used to refer to different designs intended for various purposes. A push pin has a head that allows for easier removal. Map pin or map tack refers to push pins used to mark locations on a map or to hold the map in place. Thumb tack and push pin are both sometimes compounded (thumbtack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158582", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nunique designs based on input from the celebrity who chose that location. In 2013, Google commissioned New York-based graphic designer Matt Delbridge for the Hello World ad campaign. Many of the illustrations incorporated the Google Maps pin along with images associated with specific locations around the world. In 2010, Google created online cards that used several pins to spell out \"\"Happy Holidays\"\". In 2011, Google doubled the Google Maps pin to create a heart for a Map Your Valentine holiday feature. In 2011, Google partnered with Susan G. Komen for the Cure to create a campaign called Pink Pin in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158581", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nam here\"\". In 2009, Google launched the Favorite Places marketing campaign. 100,000 local businesses received a store-window decal portraying the Google Maps pin on a map, with the words \"\"We're a Favorite Place on Google.\"\" The stickers included a QR code which could be scanned by customers to bring up the business' Place Page in order to leave an online review. Celebrities including Yo-Yo Ma, Diane von Furstenberg, Al Gore, and Tony Hawk, shared their favorite locations around the world, such as restaurants, bakeries, and design shops. At 30 of these locations, Google erected an 800-pound pin, each personalized with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158586", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\n\"\"evicted\"\" to protest the recent surge in tech-driven evictions in San Francisco. The Google Maps pin has evolved beyond its original intended use to become quasi-iconic in popular culture. Rob Walker cites the pin as an example of dedigitization, \"\"something from the digital world crossing over to the physical\"\". The pin has been used in various mediums not just to pinpoint locations, but to represent abstracts like mapping technology or even the technology industry as a whole. Berlin-based conceptual artist Aram Bartholl is known for creating works that examine the relationship between the digital and physical world, using popular imagery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9305597", "chunk_text": "\"Google Street View\"\nswitch to the old version of Google Maps, which is especially useful when Google Maps is more sluggish than usual. As noted above, the drag-and-drop Pegman icon is the primary user interface element used by Google to connect Maps to Street View. His name comes from his resemblance to a clothespeg. When not in use, Pegman sits atop the Google Maps zoom controls. Occasionally Pegman \"\"dresses up\"\" for special events or is joined by peg friends in Google Maps. When dragged into Street View near Area 51, he becomes a flying saucer. When viewing older views, the Pegman in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158578", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\n\"\"a product of pure function that has evolved into a cultural phenomenon\"\" and \"\"a solution that would take on a life of its own, recognizable enough to stick up for itself in the art and design projects of others\"\". \"\"Looking like a hot air balloon in flight, this marker has landed squarely in the middle of our visual culture\"\". In 2014, the Museum of Modern Art acquired a physical representation of the Google Maps pin for its permanent collection. Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen designed the Google Maps pin prior to the launch of Google Maps in 2005. He wanted the pin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158585", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\narticle explained that the similarity could result in legal repercussions. In 2010, Facebook filed a trademark application for a design including a marker similar to the Google Maps pin above a representation of a rectangular map, but later abandoned the application. When Metahaven, an Amsterdam-based studio for design and research, was charged with drafting concepts for Wikileaks' new visual identity, they considered integrating the Google Maps pin, inverted. This suggested a dripping leak, and the impossibility of pinpointing the source. In San Francisco, demonstrators in San Francisco have carried signs shaped like the Google Maps pin and bearing the word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158589", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\n185mm, which corresponds to one pixel of Google's satellite imagery. In July 2013, as part of a public art event in Horsens, Denmark, the Icelandic-Danish design duo ÖRNDUVALD installed a mural called \"\"Pin\"\" at . The 9-square-meter piece, \"\"a giant and shimmering reinterpretation of the Google Maps pin\"\", was made from 10,078 circular discs mounted to plywood. Amanda Kooser of cnet wrote, \"\"if Liberace had been on the Google Maps design team, all the pins would look like this,\"\" while Jamie Condliffe stated in Gizmodo, \"\"The Google Maps pin is iconic: bold and simple, yet incredibly memorable. And emblazoned on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3657325", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nmap images. A hidden IFrame with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively. The site also uses JSON for data transfer rather than XML, for performance reasons. These techniques both fall under the broad Ajax umbrella. The result is termed a slippy map and is implemented elsewhere in projects such as OpenLayers. Users who are logged into a Google Account can save locations indefinitely so that they are overlaid on the map with various colored \"\"pins\"\" whenever they browse the application. These \"\"Saved places\"\" can be organised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019140", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\na colored map overlay to display the speed of vehicles on particular roads. Crowdsourcing is used to obtain the GPS-determined locations of a large number of cellphone users, from which live traffic maps are produced. As the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the side panel and map; the page is not reloaded. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin (composed of several partially transparent PNGs) on top of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158587", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nfrom software and games. Beginning in 2006, Bartholl has created a public art installation called \"\"Map\"\". Bartholl installs a large physical representation of the Google Maps pin in the exact location that Google Maps identifies as the center of a city. Locations thus far have included Taipei, Berlin, Arles, and Tallinn. Each sculpture remains in place for about three months, usually coinciding with a local art festival or exhibit. The series was designed to raise viewers' awareness of the increasing overlap between the virtual and the physical, and to highlight mapping services' influence on perceptions of location. Bartholl's physical representations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158588", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nof the Google Maps pin urges viewers to reevaluate the information given by digitized maps, the meaning of the \"\"center\"\" of a city, the politicization of boundaries, and other issues related to maps and the digital versus the physical world. Before the Royal College of Art's 150th-anniversary exhibition in 2007, student Robert Sollis e-mailed Google requesting a temporary Google Maps marker be placed over the college's temporary site in Kensington Gardens. Upon receiving only an auto-reply, Sollis created his own physical marker, which he hoped would appear in satellite images. Sollis constructed the Google Carpet of individual carpet tiles, each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4741392", "chunk_text": "\"Drawing pin\"\npoint upward, posing a hazard. Drawing pins also pose a hazard of ingestion and choking, where they may do serious harm. Drawing pin A drawing pin (British English) or thumb tack (North American English) is a short nail or pin used to fasten items to a wall or board for display and intended to be inserted by hand, usually using the thumb. A variety of names are used to refer to different designs intended for various purposes. A push pin has a head that allows for easier removal. Map pin or map tack refers to push pins used to mark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8474601", "chunk_text": "\"Dead drop\"\na loose brick in a wall, a (cut-out) library book, or a hole in a tree. A \"\"dead drop spike\"\" is a concealment device similar to a microcache. It has been used since the late 1960s to hide money, maps, documents, microfilm, and other items. The spike is water- and mildew-proof and can be pushed into the ground or placed in a shallow stream to be retrieved at a later time. Signaling devices can include a chalk mark on a wall, a piece of chewing-gum on a lamppost, or a newspaper left on a park bench. Alternatively, the signal can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1133141", "chunk_text": "Historypin\nHistorypin Historypin is a digital, user-generated archive of historical photos, videos, audio recordings and personal recollections. Users are able to use the location and date of their content to \"\"pin\"\" it to Google Maps. Where Google Street View is available, users can overlay historical photographs and compare it with the contemporary location. (Street Viewed Photo) This content can be added and explored online and via a series of Smartphone applications The project was created by the non-profit company Shift (formerly We Are What We Do), as part of their inter-generational work, with funding and support from Google as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158584", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\ntrivia questions quickly. The Google Maps API allows developers to create customized maps, for which they can create their own markers. Although the Google Maps pin is protected under a U.S. design patent, other organizations have used it as a component of their own logos. The Labour Party of Malta used an image closely resembling the Google Maps pin as their logo in the 2014 European Parliament election campaign. A Google spokesperson contacted by The Times of Malta would not comment on whether the logo was a breach of Google's intellectual property rights, though a copyright lawyer interviewed for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158590", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps pin\"\nthe side of a Danish building in twinkling metallic form, it might just be the geekiest mural ever.\"\" In June 2012, Taiwanese designer Shu-Chun Hsiao created \"\"Project Google Birdhouse\"\" by hanging pin-shaped birdhouses around Taipei. He stated, \"\"Google Map had created a remarkable landmark icon, showing the sites on its street views. To search for a landmark with online Google map, we can scroll to zoom from the satellite, soon we’ll be able to wander on streets, virtually. Birds, have the most real experience of google map. Birds can fly through the city, through streets. A birdhouse becomes their destination", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12258324", "chunk_text": "\"USB dead drop\"\nUSB dead drop A USB dead drop is a USB mass storage device installed in a public space. For example, a USB flash drive might be mounted in an outdoor brick wall and fixed in place with fast concrete. Members of the public are implicitly invited to find files, or leave files, on a dead drop by directly plugging their laptop into the wall-mounted USB stick in order to transfer data. (It is also possible to use smartphones and tablets for this purpose, by utilizing a USB on-the-go cable.) The dead drops can therefore be regarded as an anonymous, offline,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019145", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nof client-side scripts to customize Google Maps data. Combinations with photo sharing websites, such as Flickr, are used to create \"\"memory maps\"\". Using copies of the Keyhole satellite photos, users have taken advantage of image annotation features to provide personal histories and information regarding particular points of the area. After the success of reverse-engineered mashups such as chicagocrime.org and housingmaps.com, Google launched the Google Maps API in June 2005 to allow developers to integrate Google Maps into their websites. It was a free service that didn't require an API key until June 2018 (changes went into effect on July 16),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019170", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nusing Tele Atlas map insight. If imagery was missing, outdated, misaligned, or generally incorrect, one could notify Google through their contact request form. In November 2016, Google announced the discontinuation of Google Map Maker as of March 2017. In 2011, Google Maps mislabeled the entire length of US Route 30 from Astoria, Oregon to Atlantic City, New Jersey as being concurrent with Quebec Route 366. Users are able to suggest corrections using the \"\"Send feedback\"\" button. These suggestions are reviewed, and either accepted or declined; the user is informed when this decision occurs. Google collates business listings from multiple on-line", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11925632", "chunk_text": "\"Safety pin\"\nSafety pin The safety pin is a variation of the regular pin which includes a simple spring mechanism and a clasp. The clasp serves two purposes: to form a closed loop thereby properly fastening the pin to whatever it is applied to, and to cover the end of the pin to protect the user from the sharp point. Safety pins are commonly used to fasten pieces of fabric or clothing together. Safety pins, or more usually a special version with an extra safe cover, called a nappy pin, or loincloth pin, are widely used to fasten cloth diapers (nappies), or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17791563", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nis the currency of data, the authenticity of data,\"\" said Google Earth representative Brian McClendon. As a result, in March 2008 Google added a feature to edit the locations of houses and businesses. Restrictions have been placed on Google Maps through the apparent censoring of locations deemed potential security threats. In some cases the area of redaction is for specific buildings, but in other cases, such as Washington, D.C., the restriction is to use outdated imagery. These locations are fully listed on Satellite map images with missing or unclear data. Due to restrictions on geographic data in China, Google Maps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17515090", "chunk_text": "\"Drop (telecommunication)\"\nDrop (telecommunication) In a communications network, a drop is the portion of a device directly connected to the internal station facilities, such as toward a telephone switchboard, toward a switching center, or toward a telephone exchange. A drop can also be a wire or cable from a pole or cable terminus to a building, in which case it may be referred to as a downlead. These cables may be reinforced to withstand the tension (due to gravity and weather) of an aerial drop (i.e., hanging in air), as in \"\"messenger\"\" type RG-6 coaxial cable, which is reinforced with a steel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "421858", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nUkraine. All other versions show a dotted disputed border. In April 2015, on a map near the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi, imagery of the Android logo urinating on the Apple logo was added via Map Maker and appeared on Google Maps. The vandalism was soon removed and Google publicly apologized. However, as a result, Google disabled user moderation on Map Maker, and on May 12, disabled editing worldwide until it can devise a new policy for approving edits and avoiding vandalism. On April 29, 2015, users of the classic Google Maps were forwarded to the new Google Maps with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3426231", "chunk_text": "Destinations\nA Pin, is a small object, typically with a pin or loop attached to the back, which displays something about the creator's home. SWAPS can also be defined as Special Whatchamacallits Affectionately Pinned Somewhere . The home address is also written on it, because SWAPs are meant to be traded with others as a way to remember people met while easily passing on contact information. Extra SWAPs can also be left at some locations, such as World Centers, for future travellers to find. Destinations Girl Scout Destinations, formerly Wider Opportunities or Wider Ops, are events for individual Girl Scouts (ages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11771970", "chunk_text": "\"Pin header\"\nPin header A pin header (often abbreviated as \"\"PH\"\", or simply header) is a form of electrical connector. It consists of one or more rows of male pins typically spaced apart, but common sizes also include , , , , and . The distance between pins is commonly referred as \"\"pitch\"\" in the electronic community. In the past, a pin header was known as a Berg connector, but the term fell out of favor because pin headers are manufactured by many companies. Pin headers are often associated with ribbon cable connectors, pin headers often also function as recipients for jumpers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019137", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nJavaScript, XML, and Ajax. Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites, and offers a locator for urban businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world. Google Map Maker allowed users to collaboratively expand and update the service's mapping worldwide but was discontinued from March 2017. However, crowdsourced contributions to Google Maps were not discontinued as the company announced those features will be transferred to the Google Local Guides program. Google Maps' satellite view is a \"\"top-down\"\" or \"\"birds eye\"\" view; most of the high-resolution imagery of cities is aerial photography taken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17557119", "chunk_text": "\"Open Location Code\"\nOpen Location Code The Open Location Code (OLC) is a geocode system for identifying an area anywhere on the Earth. It was developed at Google's Zürich engineering office, and released late October 2014. Open Location Codes are also referred to as \"\"plus codes\"\". Open Location Codes are a way of encoding location into a form that is easier to use than showing coordinates in the usual form of latitude and longitude. They are designed to be used like street addresses, and may be especially useful in places where there is no formal system to identify buildings, such as street names,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019156", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nof this change is a 1400% price raise for users of the basic plan with only six weeks of notice. This sudden move caused a harsh reaction within the developers community. In June, Google postponed the change date to July 16, 2018. In August 2018, Google maps designed its over-all view (when zoomed out completely) into a 3D globe dropping the Mercator projection, which was used to project the planet onto a flat surface. On May 25, 2007, Google released Google Street View, a new feature of Google Maps which provides 360° panoramic street-level views of various locations. On the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5524551", "chunk_text": "\"Pin-back button\"\nPin-back button A pin-back button or pinback button, pin button, button badge, or simply pin-back or badge, is a button or badge that can be temporarily fastened to the surface of a garment using a safety pin, or a pin formed from wire, a clutch or other mechanism. This fastening mechanism is anchored to the back side of a button-shaped metal disk, either flat or concave, which leaves an area on the front of the button to carry an image or printed message. The word is commonly associated with a campaign button used in the United States and abroad during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5532702", "chunk_text": "Glock\nmetal connector. The firing pin safety is a solid hardened steel pin that, in the secured state, blocks the firing pin channel (disabling the firing pin in its longitudinal axis). It is pushed upward to release the firing pin for firing only when the trigger is actuated and the safety is pushed up through the backward movement of the trigger bar. The drop safety guides the trigger bar in a ramp that is released only when direct rearward pressure is applied to the trigger. The three safety mechanisms are automatically disengaged one after the other when the trigger is squeezed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17791550", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\ntaken by special cameras which turn 360 degrees and take shots every 3 seconds. Google Latitude was a feature from Google that lets users share their physical locations with other people. This service was based on Google Maps, specifically on mobile devices. There was an iGoogle widget for Desktops and Laptops as well. Some concerns were expressed about the privacy issues raised by the use of the service. On August 9, 2013, this service was discontinued, and in March 22, 2017, Google incorporated the features from Latitude into the Google Maps app. In March 2011, indoor maps were added to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19201782", "chunk_text": "\"Travel Bug\"\nTravel Bug A Travel Bug is a registered trademark of Groundspeak, Inc. used to describe a dog tag used in Geocaching. It is moved from cache to cache, with a unique tracking number allowing its movements to be tracked online (www.geocaching.com). Some tags are fastened to an object, known as a hitchhiker, before they are released into a cache. Travel bugs have also been used as advertising to promote Jeep or to increase diabetes awareness. A free service known as Geokrety is also available. A travel bug is an item which is trackable which looks similar to a dog tag.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15719340", "chunk_text": "Geocaching\nas a find. Webcam caches are virtual caches whose coordinates have a public webcam. The finder is often required to capture their image from the webcam for verification of the find. New webcam caches are no longer allowed by Groundspeak, but they remain supported by other sites. Finally, a USB Cache or Dead Drop cache location has a USB drive embedded (with permission) into walls or other structures. The cache is retrieved by connecting a device that has a USB port and that is able to read standard text files. The following types have logs, at least at the final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19796838", "chunk_text": "PassMap\nare shown Google Maps on their screen through which they can zoom in to choose any two points they want to become their PassMap password. Since PassMap uses Google Maps, it cannot be used in applications that lack Internet access or Google Maps integration. By default, PassMap's screen is set to the eighth zoom level and is centered on Taiwan. PassMap has no constraints on the zoom level, so consumers are allowed to select dots at unsafer, lower levels like level 8. It does not normalize error tolerance based on a screen's zoom position. PassMap's effective login percentage is 92.59%.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6911588", "chunk_text": "\"Pin Index Safety System\"\nPin Index Safety System The Pin Index Safety System, or PISS, is a means of connecting high pressure cylinders containing medical gases to a regulator or other utilization equipment. It uses geometric features on the valve and yoke to prevent mistaken use of the wrong gas. This system is widely used worldwide for anesthesia machines, portable oxygen administration sets, and inflation gases used in surgery. The pin index safety system uses a face seal between the cylinder valve and the associated yoke clamp. There are two holes in specific positions on the cylinder valve body below the outlet port ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13601866", "chunk_text": "AddressSanitizer\nAddressSanitizer AddressSanitizer (or ASan) is an open source programming tool by Google that detects memory corruption bugs such as buffer overflows or accesses to a dangling pointer (use-after-free). AddressSanitizer is based on compiler instrumentation and directly-mapped shadow memory. AddressSanitizer is currently implemented in Clang (starting from version 3.1) , GCC (starting from version 4.8) and Xcode (starting from version 7.0) . On average, the instrumentation increases processing time by about 73% and memory usage by 340%. Chromium and Firefox developers are active users of AddressSanitizer; the tool has found hundreds of bugs in these web browsers. A number of bugs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18967169", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps (app)\"\nand iOS have many features in common, including turn-by-turn navigation, street view, and public transit information. Updates in June 2012 and May 2014 enabled functionality to let users save certain map regions for offline access, while updates in 2017 have included features to actively help U.S. users find available parking spots in cities, and to give Indian users a two-wheeler transportation mode for improved traffic accessibility. Google Maps on iOS received significant praise after its standalone app release in December 2012, with critics highlighting its detailed information and design as positives. However, the apps have received criticism over privacy concerns,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17231495", "chunk_text": "Njection\nbig focus in the forum, the Speedtrap feature was added. The Speedtrap Mashup was the first online site to use the Bing Maps Platform to allow users to contribute in real time the location of speed traps around the world. In 2009, the Speedtrap mapping system was upgraded to allow users to add traffic accidents and fatalities and traffic flow and speed to the maps. The Speedtrap functionality relies on drivers to update the map; therefore, the functionality is dependent on the information provided by registered users. In 2008, the company developed the Njection Mobile (NMobile) application for the iPhone.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14715357", "chunk_text": "\"Google Map Maker\"\nshowed an \"\"Android robot urinating on the Apple logo\"\" and a separate feature saying \"\"Google review policy is crap\"\", after they were discovered on Google Maps. Following the \"\"large scale prank\"\", Google disabled auto-approval and user moderation, and on 8 May, the Map Maker team announced that editing would be temporarily disabled worldwide from 12 May. Google reenabled the service in six countries in August 2015, with plans to enable in other countries in the following weeks. On 10 August, editing was re-opened to Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, India, the Philippines, and Ukraine; Google relied on regional moderators to review edits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5019149", "chunk_text": "\"Google Maps\"\nof iOS 6 in September 2012, at which point it was replaced by Apple Maps, with Google releasing its own Google Maps standalone app on the iOS platform the following December. The Google Maps apps on Android and iOS have many features in common, including turn-by-turn navigation, street view, and public transit information. Updates in June 2012 and May 2014 enabled functionality to let users save certain map regions for offline access, while updates in 2017 have included features to actively help U.S. users find available parking spots in cities, and to give Indian users a two-wheeler transportation mode for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14847778", "chunk_text": "\"Drop Stop\"\nthus the black color of Drop Stop matches any car's interior. Provided the gap between a car's center console and seat is less than 3.5 inches, Drop Stop should fit. However, some cars, for example the BMW M3 and Volkswagen Jetta, don’t have enough space in the gap to fit the Drop Stop in place. The idea was born after Newburger dropped a mobile phone down the gap while driving and almost caused a serious accident trying to retrieve it. As of December 2017, 2.4 million Drop Stops have been sold with revenues totaling $24 million. Drop Stop was featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9701324", "chunk_text": "\"Google Pay Send\"\ndirectly. Users can link up to two bank accounts when the Wallet account is created. Received money goes to the Google Pay Balance and stays there until the user decides to cash out to a linked account. The Google Pay app is available for free from either Google Play or the App Store. After downloading the app, the user creates a four-digit personal identification number (PIN) for managing everything within their Google Pay account. The PIN verifies access to the Wallet app on the user’s mobile device. Before it was discontinued on June 30, 2016, the Google Wallet Card was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11969080", "chunk_text": "\"French drop\"\nFrench drop The French drop, also known as \"\"\"\"Le Tourniquet\"\"\"\", is a sleight of hand method used by magicians to vanish a small object such as a coin. It is one of the oldest methods of vanishing, however it is still effective when properly executed. Although the method is known as a vanish, it can also be used as a switch or transformation, giving rise to numerous possibilities. The object is held between the thumb and first two finger tips. When using a coin, it is held by its edges and tilted up slightly so it can be seen by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_735	what do the 3 dots mean in math?	n/a	[ "therefore sign", "the therefore sign" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4827371", "chunk_text": "\"Centered square number\"\nthe third term of a leg–hypotenuse Pythagorean triple (for example, 3-4-5, 5-12-13). Centered square number In elementary number theory, a centered square number is a centered figurate number that gives the number of dots in a square with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in successive square layers. That is, each centered square number equals the number of dots within a given city block distance of the center dot on a regular square lattice. While centered square numbers, like figurate numbers in general, have few if any direct practical applications, they are sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4163996", "chunk_text": "\"Dot (diacritic)\"\nderivative as in formula_1. However, today this is more commonly written with a prime or using Leibniz's notation. In addition, the overdot is one way used to indicate an infinitely repeating set of numbers in decimal notation, as in formula_2, which is equal to the fraction ⅓, and formula_3 or formula_4, which is equal to ⅐. In Unicode, the dot is encoded at: and at: There is also: Pre-composed characters: Dot (diacritic) When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the \"\"Interpunct\"\" ( · ), or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' ( ◌̇ )", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15622110", "chunk_text": "Ellipsis\nEllipsis An ellipsis (plural ellipses; from the , , 'omission' or 'falling short') is a series of dots (typically three, such as \"\"…\"\") that usually indicates an intentional omission of a word, sentence, or whole section from a text without altering its original meaning. Opinions differ as to how to render ellipses in printed material. According to the \"\"Chicago Manual of Style\"\", each dot should be separated from its neighbor by a non-breaking space. Such spaces should be omitted, however, according to the Associated Press. A third option is to use the precomposed Unicode character , in which the gaps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13325562", "chunk_text": "\"Principia Mathematica\"\nof parentheses. This uses the definition (followed by the explanatory comment): Example 2, with double, triple, and quadruple dots: stands for Example 3, with a double dot indicating a logical symbol (from volume 1, page 10): stands for where the double dot represents the logical symbol ∧, and its right operand consists of everything after it because it has priority over the single dots. Later in section ✸14, brackets \"\"[ ]\"\" appear, and in sections ✸20 and following, braces \"\"{ }\"\" appear. Whether these symbols have specific meanings or are just for visual clarification is unclear. Unfortunately the single dot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19219064", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-3\"\nBraille pattern dots-3 The Braille pattern dots-3 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom left dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the middle-bottom left dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2804, and in Braille ASCII with an apostrophe. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-3 is used to represent an apostrophe, accent mark, or other punctuation. Related to Braille pattern dots-3 are Braille patterns 37, 38, and 378, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13183001", "chunk_text": "\"Therefore sign\"\nTherefore sign In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign (∴) is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read \"\"therefore\"\". It is encoded at . For common use in Microsoft Office hold the ALT key and type \"\"8756\"\". While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand. It is complementary to . According to Cajori, \"\"A History of Mathematical Notations,\"\" Johann Rahn used both the \"\"therefore\"\" and \"\"because\"\" signs to mean \"\"therefore\"\";", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4163995", "chunk_text": "\"Dot (diacritic)\"\nDot (diacritic) When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the \"\"Interpunct\"\" ( · ), or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' ( ◌̇ ) and 'combining dot below' ( ◌̣ ) which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese. Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark: The overdot is also used in the Devanagari script, where it is called anusvara. In mathematics and physics, when using Newton's notation the dot denotes the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6726013", "chunk_text": "\"Connect the dots\"\nConnect the dots Connect the dots (also known as dot to dot or join the dots) is a form of puzzle containing a sequence of numbered dots. When a line is drawn connecting the dots the outline of an object is revealed. The puzzles frequently contain simple line art to enhance the image created or to assist in rendering a complex section of the image. Connect the dots puzzles are generally created for children. The use of numbers can be replaced with letters or other symbols. In adult discourse the phrase \"\"connect the dots\"\" can be used as a metaphor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3357784", "chunk_text": "Interpunct\nInterpunct An interpunct ( · ), also known as an interpoint, middle dot, middot, and centered dot or centred dot, is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot used for interword separation in ancient Latin script. (Word-separating spaces did not appear until some time between 600 and 800.) It appears in a variety of uses in some modern languages and is present in Unicode as code point . The multiplication dot or dot operator indicates multiplication and is optionally used instead of the styled × for multiplication of real numbers: is equivalent to or \"\"a times b\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17248470", "chunk_text": "\"Number line\"\na Cartesian coordinate system, and any point in the plane represents the value of a pair of real numbers. Further, the Cartesian coordinate system can itself be extended by visualizing a third number line \"\"coming out of the screen (or page)\"\", measuring a third variable called \"\"z\"\". Positive numbers are closer to the viewer's eyes than the screen is, while negative numbers are \"\"behind the screen\"\"; larger numbers are farther from the screen. Then any point in the three-dimensional space that we live in represents the values of a trio of real numbers. Number line In basic mathematics, a number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12123550", "chunk_text": "\"Principia Mathematica\"\ndots, or the same number of dots next that have equal or greater \"\"force\"\", or the end of the line. Dots next to the signs ⊃, ≡,∨, =Df have greater force than dots next to (\"\"x\"\"), (∃\"\"x\"\") and so on, which have greater force than dots indicating a logical product ∧. Example 1. The line corresponds to where the colon represents the outer (), the next two dots represent the parentheses around ~p and ~q, the third dot represents the parentheses around p ∧ q, and the fourth dot (rather confusingly) represents the logical symbol ∧ rather than a pair", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5564830", "chunk_text": "\"Three-dimensional space\"\nhas three dimensions because the length of a box is independent of its width or breadth. In the technical language of linear algebra, space is three-dimensional because every point in space can be described by a linear combination of three independent vectors. A vector can be pictured as an arrow. The vector's magnitude is its length, and its direction is the direction the arrow points. A vector in can be represented by an ordered triple of real numbers. These numbers are called the components of the vector. The dot product of two vectors and is defined as: The magnitude of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3199793", "chunk_text": "Ellipsis\ndisplay a formula compactly, for example: Another example is the set of zeros of the cosine function: There are many related uses of the ellipsis in set notation. The diagonal and vertical forms of the ellipsis are particularly useful for showing missing terms in matrices, such as the size-\"\"n\"\" identity matrix: The use of ellipses in mathematical proofs is often discouraged because of the potential for ambiguity. For this reason, and because the ellipsis supports no systematic rules for symbolic calculation, in recent years some authors have recommended avoiding its use in mathematics altogether. A two- or three-dot ellipsis is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19447654", "chunk_text": "\"Asterism (typography)\"\nnot be confused with the similar looking therefore sign——which is composed of three round dots rather than asterisks. Asterism (typography) In typography, an asterism (\"\"group of stars\"\") is the typographic symbol consisting of three asterisks placed in a triangle: ⁂. Now rarely used or near-obsolete its purpose is to \"\"indicate minor breaks in text,\"\" call attention to a passage, or to separate sub-chapters in a book. It is encoded by Unicode as character . Fonts that provide the Unicode character include Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, MS (P)Mincho and Segoe UI. Often, this symbol is replaced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2223661", "chunk_text": "\"Pentagonal number\"\nPentagonal number A pentagonal number is a figurate number that extends the concept of triangular and square numbers to the pentagon, but, unlike the first two, the patterns involved in the construction of pentagonal numbers are not rotationally symmetrical. The \"\"n\"\"th pentagonal number \"\"p\"\" is the number of \"\"distinct\"\" dots in a pattern of dots consisting of the \"\"outlines\"\" of regular pentagons with sides up to n dots, when the pentagons are overlaid so that they share one vertex. For instance, the third one is formed from outlines comprising 1, 5 and 10 dots, but the 1, and 3 of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3941289", "chunk_text": "\"Arithmetic mean\"\ncode for the line above (̄: or ¯). In some texts, such as pdfs, the x̄ symbol may be replaced by a cent (¢) symbol (Unicode ¢) when copied to text processor such as Microsoft Word. Arithmetic mean In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean (, stress on third syllable of \"\"arithmetic\"\"), or simply the mean or average when the context is clear, is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection. The collection is often a set of results of an experiment or an observational study, or frequently a set of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10198319", "chunk_text": "3\n3 3 (three) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4. Three remains the largest number still written with the number of lines corresponding to the value (though the Ancient Romans usually wrote 4 as IIII, the subtractive notation IV became the preferred notation throughout and after the Middle Ages). To this day, 3 is written as three lines in Roman and Chinese numerals. This is also true regarding the Brahmin Indians' numerical notation. However, the path towards the modern glyph began with the Gupta, who modified the number through the addition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1957400", "chunk_text": "\"Dot-decimal notation\"\nDot-decimal notation Dot-decimal notation is a presentation format for numerical data. It consists of a string of decimal numbers, each pair separated by a full stop (\"\"dot\"\"). A common use of dot-decimal notation is in information technology where it is a method of writing numbers in octet-grouped base-10 (decimal) numbers separated by dots (full stops). In computer networking, Internet Protocol Version 4 addresses (IPv4 addresses) are commonly written using the quad-dotted notation of four decimal integers, ranging from 0 to 255 each. Dot-decimal notation is a presentation format for numerical data expressed as a string of decimal numbers each separated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4866088", "chunk_text": "Multiplication\nreferring to a group via the indication of the set and operation, the dot is used, e.g., our first example could be indicated by formula_32 Numbers can \"\"count\"\" (3 apples), \"\"order\"\" (the 3rd apple), or \"\"measure\"\" (3.5 feet high); as the history of mathematics has progressed from counting on our fingers to modelling quantum mechanics, multiplication has been generalized to more complicated and abstract types of numbers, and to things that are not numbers (such as matrices) or do not look much like numbers (such as quaternions). When multiplication is repeated, the resulting operation is known as exponentiation. For instance,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4499052", "chunk_text": "\"Asterism (typography)\"\nAsterism (typography) In typography, an asterism (\"\"group of stars\"\") is the typographic symbol consisting of three asterisks placed in a triangle: ⁂. Now rarely used or near-obsolete its purpose is to \"\"indicate minor breaks in text,\"\" call attention to a passage, or to separate sub-chapters in a book. It is encoded by Unicode as character . Fonts that provide the Unicode character include Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, MS (P)Mincho and Segoe UI. Often, this symbol is replaced with three consecutive asterisks (called a \"\"dinkus\"\"), more than three asterisks, or three or more dots. Otherwise, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13987498", "chunk_text": "\"Numeral system\"\nNumeral system A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. The same sequence of symbols may represent different numbers in different numeral systems. For example, \"\"11\"\" represents the number \"\"three\"\" in the binary numeral system (used in computers) and the number \"\"eleven\"\" in the decimal numeral system (used in common life). The number the numeral represents is called its value. Ideally, a numeral system will: For example, the usual decimal representation of whole", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16361786", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-1\"\nBraille pattern dots-1 The Braille pattern dots-1 ( ) is a 6-dot or 8-dot braille cell with the top left dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2801, and in Braille ASCII with \"\"A\"\". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-1 is used to represent open, unrounded vowel sound, like /æ/ or /ɑ/, such as the Latin letter A, Greek alpha, Cyrillic А, Hebrew/Arabic aleph, etc. It is also used to signify the number 1. Related to Braille pattern dots-1 are Braille patterns 17, 18, and 178, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3504450", "chunk_text": "\"Dot product\"\nDot product In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors) and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used and often called \"\"the\"\" inner product (or rarely projection product) of Euclidean space even though it is not the only inner product that can be defined on Euclidean space; see also inner product space. Algebraically, the dot product is the sum of the products of the corresponding entries of the two sequences of numbers. Geometrically,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3504459", "chunk_text": "\"Dot product\"\n\"\"r\"\" is a scalar. Given two vectors a and b separated by angle \"\"θ\"\" (see image right), they form a triangle with a third side . The dot product of this with itself is: which is the law of cosines. There are two ternary operations involving dot product and cross product. The scalar triple product of three vectors is defined as Its value is the determinant of the matrix whose columns are the Cartesian coordinates of the three vectors. It is the signed volume of the parallelogram defined by the three vectors. The vector triple product is defined by This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20788709", "chunk_text": "Obelus\nObelus An obelus (symbol: ÷ or †, plural: obeluses or obeli) is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and another dot below, and in other uses it is a symbol resembling a small dagger. In mathematics it is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly called the division sign. In editing texts an obelus takes the form of a dagger mark (†) and is used as a reference mark, or to indicate that a person is dead, and often used to indicate a footnote. The word \"\"obelus\"\" comes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "996712", "chunk_text": "\"Centered square number\"\nCentered square number In elementary number theory, a centered square number is a centered figurate number that gives the number of dots in a square with a dot in the center and all other dots surrounding the center dot in successive square layers. That is, each centered square number equals the number of dots within a given city block distance of the center dot on a regular square lattice. While centered square numbers, like figurate numbers in general, have few if any direct practical applications, they are sometimes studied in recreational mathematics for their elegant geometric and arithmetic properties. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13183006", "chunk_text": "\"Therefore sign\"\nspecialized keyboards and fonts, and to prevent compatibility issues, it's often substituted by a colon followed by a period (\"\":.\"\") even if it's considered more elegant to use the original therefore character in printing. Therefore sign In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign (∴) is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read \"\"therefore\"\". It is encoded at . For common use in Microsoft Office hold the ALT key and type \"\"8756\"\". While it is not generally used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3372172", "chunk_text": "\"Prime (symbol)\"\nmean 3 feet and 5 inches (of length), or 3 minutes and 5 seconds (of arc). As an angular measurement, 3° 5′ 30″ means 3 degrees, 5 arcminutes and 30 arcseconds. The triple prime (‴) in watchmaking represents a ligne or 1/12 of an inch. It is also occasionally found in historical astronomical works to denote thirds ( of a second of arc). Likewise, a quadruple prime (⁗) denotes fourths ( of a third, a convention already used by Jamshīd al-Kāshī). In mathematics, the prime is generally used to generate more variable names for things which are similar, without resorting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18865965", "chunk_text": "\"Decimal separator\"\ndecimal separators, but most computer languages and standard data formats (e.g. C, Java, Fortran, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)) specify a dot. The 22nd General Conference on Weights and Measures declared in 2003 that \"\"the symbol for the decimal marker shall be either the point on the line or the comma on the line\"\". It further reaffirmed that \"\"numbers may be divided in groups of three in order to facilitate reading; neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces between groups\"\" (e.g.). This usage has therefore been recommended by technical organizations, such as the United States' National Institute of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14374412", "chunk_text": "\"Eureka effect\"\n\"\"New advances in the neural correlates of insight: A decade in review of the insightful brain\"\" The Nine Dot Problem is a classic spatial problem used by psychologists to study insight. The problem consists of a 3 × 3 square created by 9 black dots. The task is to connect all 9 dots using exactly 4 straight lines, without retracing or removing one's pen from the paper. Kershaw & Ohlsson report that in a laboratory setting with a time limit of 2 or 3 minutes, the expected solution rate is 0%. The difficulty with the Nine Dot Problem is that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13672341", "chunk_text": "3\nin any endeavor, a third attempt is more likely to succeed. This is also sometimes seen in reverse, as in \"\"third man [to do something, presumably forbidden] gets caught\"\". Luck, especially bad luck, is often said to \"\"come in threes\"\". In baseball: 3 3 (three) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4. Three remains the largest number still written with the number of lines corresponding to the value (though the Ancient Romans usually wrote 4 as IIII, the subtractive notation IV became the preferred notation throughout and after the Middle Ages).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9459565", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-25\"\nBraille pattern dots-25 The Braille pattern dots-25 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with both middle dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2812, and in Braille ASCII with the number 3. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-25 is used to represent a colon or other punctuation or mathematical operators. Related to Braille pattern dots-25 are Braille patterns 257, 258, and 2578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15622137", "chunk_text": "Ellipsis\nused between two operation symbols or following the last operation symbol, as in: Sometimes, e.g. in Russian mathematical texts, normal, non-raised, ellipses are used even in repeated summations. The latter formula means the sum of all natural numbers from 1 to 100. However, it is not a formally defined mathematical symbol. Repeated summations or products may similarly be denoted using capital sigma and capital pi notation, respectively: Normally dots should be used only where the pattern to be followed is clear, the exception being to show the indefinite continuation of an irrational number such as: Sometimes, it is useful to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6726014", "chunk_text": "\"Connect the dots\"\nto illustrate an ability (or inability) to associate one idea with another, to find the \"\"big picture\"\", or salient feature, in a mass of data. Reuven Feuerstein features the connection of dots as the first tool in his cognitive development program. The travelling salesman problem asks what numbers to assign to a set of points to minimize the length of the drawing. Connect the dots Connect the dots (also known as dot to dot or join the dots) is a form of puzzle containing a sequence of numbered dots. When a line is drawn connecting the dots the outline of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16576471", "chunk_text": "\"Triple bar\"\nIn mathematics, the triple bar is sometimes used as a symbol of identity or an equivalence relation (although not the only one; other common choices include ~ and ≈). Particularly, in geometry, it may be used either to show that two figures are congruent or that they are identical. In number theory, it has been used beginning with Carl Friedrich Gauss (who first used it with this meaning in 1801) to mean modular congruence: formula_1 if \"\"N\"\" divides \"\"a\"\" − \"\"b\"\". It is also used for \"\"identical equality\"\" of functions; one writes formula_2 for two functions \"\"f\"\", \"\"g\"\" if we", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17540170", "chunk_text": "Pythagoreanism\ndots, also known as \"\"psiphi\"\" (pebbles), to represent numbers in triangles, squares, rectangles and pentagons. This enabled a visual comprehension of mathematics and allowed for a geometrical exploration of numerical relationships. Pythagorean philosophers investigated the relationship of numbers exhaustively. They defined \"\"perfect numbers\"\" as those that were equal the sum of all their divisors. For example: 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14. The theory of odd and even numbers was central to Pythagorean arithmetic. This distinction was for the Pythagorean philosophers direct and visual, as they arranged triangular dots so that the even and odd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11133438", "chunk_text": "\"Vinculum (symbol)\"\nVinculum (symbol) A vinculum is a horizontal line used in mathematical notation for a specific purpose. It may be placed as an overline (or underline) over (or under) a mathematical expression to indicate that the expression is to be considered grouped together. Historically, vincula were extensively used to group items together, especially in written mathematics, but in modern mathematics this function has almost entirely been replaced by the use of parentheses. Today, however, the common usage of a vinculum to indicate the repetend of a repeating decimal is a significant exception and reflects the original usage. \"\"Vinculum\"\" is Latin for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11370588", "chunk_text": "\"Numeral system\"\nnumbers with digits which are non-zero. Numeral system A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. The same sequence of symbols may represent different numbers in different numeral systems. For example, \"\"11\"\" represents the number \"\"three\"\" in the binary numeral system (used in computers) and the number \"\"eleven\"\" in the decimal numeral system (used in common life). The number the numeral represents is called its value. Ideally, a numeral system will: For example,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19219110", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-23\"\nBraille pattern dots-23 The Braille pattern dots-23 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle and bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the two middle-left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2806, and in Braille ASCII with the number \"\"2\"\". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-23 is used to represent a voiced bilabial consonant, such as /b/ or /ɓ/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as punctuation or accent mark, as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-23 are Braille patterns 237, 238, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "183975", "chunk_text": "\"Dot plot (bioinformatics)\"\nor 'tuples' of residues, e.g. a tuple of 3 corresponds to three residues in a row. This is effective because the probability of matching three residues in a row by chance is much lower than single-residue matches. Dot plots compare two sequences by organizing one sequence on the x-axis, and another on the y-axis, of a plot. When the residues of both sequences match at the same location on the plot, a dot is drawn at the corresponding position. Note, that the sequences can be written backwards or forwards, however the sequences on both axes must be written in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19233651", "chunk_text": "Tilde\nand astronomy, a tilde can be used between two expressions (e.g. ) to state that the two are of the same order of magnitude. In statistics and probability theory, the tilde means \"\"is distributed as\"\"; see random variable. A tilde can also be used to represent geometric similarity (e.g. , meaning triangle is similar to ). A triple tilde (≋) is often used to show congruence, an equivalence relation in geometry. The symbol \"\"formula_1\"\" is pronounced as \"\"eff tilde\"\" or, informally, as \"\"eff twiddle\"\" or, in American English, \"\"eff wiggle\"\". This can be used to denote the Fourier transform of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13737567", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-235\"\nBraille pattern dots-235 The Braille pattern dots-235 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2816, and in Braille ASCII with the number 6. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-235 is used to represent an exclamation point, other punctuation, and otherwise assigned as needed. † Abolished in Unified English Braille Related to Braille pattern dots-235 are Braille patterns 2357, 2358, and 23578, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3199782", "chunk_text": "Ellipsis\nellipsis is six dots (in two groups of three dots, occupying the same horizontal or vertical space as two characters) (i.e. ……). In Spanish, ellipsis is commonly used as a substitute of \"\"et cetera\"\" at the end of unfinished lists. So it means \"\"and so forth\"\" or \"\"and other things\"\". Other use is the suspension of a part of a text, or a paragraph, or a phrase or a part of a word because it is obvious, or unnecessary, or implied. For instance, sometimes the ellipsis is used to avoid the complete use of expletives. When the ellipsis is placed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1337964", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-345\"\nBraille pattern dots-345 The Braille pattern dots-345 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and middle right and bottom left dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and upper-middle right, and lower-middle left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+281c, and in Braille ASCII with the greater than sign: >. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-345 is used to represent an unrounded open or near-open front vowel, such as /æ/ or /a/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Related to Braille", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3357799", "chunk_text": "Interpunct\nwhere the interpunct is used as a decimal point (as noted above, by many mathematics teachers in some countries), then the multiplication sign used is usually a full stop (period), not an interpunct. In computing, the middle dot is usually used to indicate white space in various software applications such as word processing, graphic design, web layout, desktop publishing or software development programs. In some word processors, interpuncts are used to denote not only hard space or space characters, but also sometimes used to indicate a space when put in paragraph format to show indentations and spaces. This allows the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3783039", "chunk_text": "\"Triple bar\"\nTriple bar The triple bar, ≡, is a symbol with multiple, context-dependent meanings. It has the appearance of an \"\"=\"\" sign with a third line. The triple bar character in Unicode is code point . The closely related code point is the same symbol with a slash through it, indicating the negation of its mathematical meaning. In LaTeX mathematical formulas, the code codice_1 produces the triple bar symbol and codice_2 produces the negated triple bar symbol as output. In logic, it is used with two different but related meanings. It can refer to the if and only if connective, also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1720737", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-123456\"\nBraille pattern dots-123456 The Braille pattern dots-123456 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with all six dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both dots in the top three rows raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283F, and in Braille ASCII with the equal sign. In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-123456 is used to represent a voiced dental/alveolar fricative or aspirant, such as /ð/, /z/, or /dʰ/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Braille pattern dots-123456 is also used for the tactile feature on Canadian banknotes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "988456", "chunk_text": "Interpunct\ncolumn above may not render correctly in all browsers.\"\" Interpunct An interpunct ( · ), also known as an interpoint, middle dot, middot, and centered dot or centred dot, is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot used for interword separation in ancient Latin script. (Word-separating spaces did not appear until some time between 600 and 800.) It appears in a variety of uses in some modern languages and is present in Unicode as code point . The multiplication dot or dot operator indicates multiplication and is optionally used instead of the styled × for multiplication of real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3134932", "chunk_text": "\"Radix point\"\nRadix point In mathematics and computing, a radix point (or radix character) is the symbol used in numerical representations to separate the integer part of a number (to the left of the radix point) from its fractional part (to the right of the radix point). \"\"Radix point\"\" applies to all number bases. In base 10 notation, the radix point is more commonly called the decimal point, where the prefix deci- implies base 10. Similarly, the term \"\"binary point\"\" is used for base 2. In English-speaking countries, the radix point is usually a small dot (.) placed either on the baseline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5071653", "chunk_text": "\"Braille pattern dots-123\"\nBraille pattern dots-123 The Braille pattern dots-123 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with all three left side dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top, upper-middle, and lower-middle left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2807, and in Braille ASCII with \"\"L\"\". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-123 is used to represent a lateral approximant, such as /l/, /ʟ/, or /ʎ/, and is otherwise assigned as needed. Related to Braille pattern dots-123 are Braille patterns 1237, 1238, and 12378, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_736	who wrote the song photograph by ringo starr?	n/a	[ "George Harrison", "Ringo Starr", "Richard Starkey" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476522", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nPhotograph (Ringo Starr song) \"\"Photograph\"\" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr that was released as the lead single from his 1973 album \"\"Ringo\"\". Starr co-wrote the song with George Harrison, his former bandmate from the Beatles. Although the two of them collaborated on other compositions, it is the only song officially credited to the pair. A signature tune for Starr as a solo artist, \"\"Photograph\"\" became an international hit, topping singles charts in the United States, Canada and Australia, and receiving gold disc certification for US sales of 1 million. Music critics have similarly received the song favourably;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4478513", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nfirst at her most soulful\"\", according to music critic Bruce Eder. While Starr's original recording appeared on the soundtrack to \"\"Funny People\"\", a cover by the film's leading actor, Adam Sandler, is available as an iTunes bonus track with the album. Photograph (Ringo Starr song) \"\"Photograph\"\" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr that was released as the lead single from his 1973 album \"\"Ringo\"\". Starr co-wrote the song with George Harrison, his former bandmate from the Beatles. Although the two of them collaborated on other compositions, it is the only song officially credited to the pair. A signature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476525", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nwith the Roundheads. In November 2002, a year after Harrison's death, Starr sang \"\"Photograph\"\" at the Concert for George – a performance that was an emotional highpoint of the event. Engelbert Humperdinck, Camper Van Beethoven, Cilla Black and Adam Sandler are among the artists who have covered the song. Ex-Beatles Ringo Starr and George Harrison began writing \"\"Photograph\"\" on a luxury yacht in the South of France in May 1971. Starr had hired a yacht, the \"\"Marala\"\", for the duration of the Cannes Film Festival, after attending Mick Jagger's wedding in St Tropez with his wife, Maureen Starkey. The Starkeys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476524", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nLos Angeles with producer Richard Perry, and it incorporates aspects of Phil Spector's Wall of Sound through the presence of multiple drums and acoustic guitars, as well as an orchestra and a choir. Aside from Starr and Harrison, the musicians on the recording include Nicky Hopkins, Bobby Keys, Jim Keltner, and Spector's musical arranger, Jack Nitzsche. Starr made a promotional film for the single, shot at his and wife Maureen Starkey's home, Tittenhurst Park. \"\"Photograph\"\" has appeared on Starr's compilation albums \"\"Blast from Your Past\"\" and \"\"\"\", and live versions have featured on releases recorded with his All-Starr Band and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6821378", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (book)\"\nthe National Portrait Gallery in London starting 9 September 2015 to coincide with the release of the mass edition. This edition as well as a limited edition of sets of photographic prints were initially released for sale at the gallery, but later became available in book shops on 21 September 2015. Photograph (book) Photograph is a photography book by Ringo Starr. The book is a collection of 240 photographs of Starr's that also serves as his autobiography through the photo captions. The title of the book is the also the title of his 1973 single \"\"Photograph\"\". The book was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12961601", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (book)\"\nPhotograph (book) Photograph is a photography book by Ringo Starr. The book is a collection of 240 photographs of Starr's that also serves as his autobiography through the photo captions. The title of the book is the also the title of his 1973 single \"\"Photograph\"\". The book was first published in 2013 in a deluxe 2,500-copy limited edition by Genesis Publications, and later in a mass edition in 2015. The book contains photographs of Starr and his family while growing up, and photographs he took himself during his time with the Beatles. According to Starr, he did not want to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995009", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nthe production that Harrison adopted for Ravi Shankar's song \"\"I Am Missing You\"\", an April 1973 recording that also featured Starr. With \"\"Photograph\"\" selected as the album's lead single, Starr chose \"\"Down and Out\"\", a song written by him alone, for the B-side. Starr recorded the song in England, backed by Harrison, pianist Gary Wright and Voormann. The Harrison-produced session most likely took place in 1972, according to authors Chip Madinger and Mark Easter, during the same period as Starr and Harrison's first attempt at recording \"\"Photograph\"\". A twelve-bar blues with what Starr biographer Alan Clayson describes as \"\"perfunctory\"\" lyrics,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995011", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nBerkshire estate that he had recently purchased from former bandmate John Lennon. To circumvent the BBC's ban on lip-synching, Starr placed his hand over his mouth for part of the song, thereby making it impossible to tell whether he was singing or merely miming. The single's picture sleeve consisted of a photo by Barry Feinstein that showed Starr's head poking through a large star made of silver foil. The same image, which author Bruce Spizer terms \"\"the Ringo starfish\"\", appeared on the single's face labels and on those of the \"\"Ringo\"\" album. The album's release followed in November 1973, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476523", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nStephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic considers it to be \"\"among the very best post-Beatles songs by any of the Fab Four\"\". The lyrics are a reflection on lost love, whereby a photograph is the only reminder of the protagonists' shared past. Starr and Harrison began writing the song in the South of France in 1971, during a period when Starr was focused on developing his acting career. They first recorded \"\"Photograph\"\" late the following year, along with the single's B-side, \"\"Down and Out\"\", during sessions for Harrison's \"\"Living in the Material World\"\" album. The officially released version was recorded in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443136", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nStarr and Harrison, a track that \"\"ranks ... among the very best post-Beatles songs by any of the Fab Four\"\". Robert Rodriguez describes it as \"\"an elegantly produced ballad\"\" and Starr's \"\"signature tune as a solo artist\"\". Rodriguez continues: \"\"The ersatz Wall of Sound somehow managed not to swamp the lead vocal and Harrison harmony, while embodying the best qualities of the Beatles' singles: hummable and familiar, yet fresh and enduring.\"\" In his 1977 book \"\"The Beatles Forever\"\", Nicholas Schaffner wrote of how the song's \"\"grand, sweeping arrangement\"\" was reminiscent of Harrison's \"\"own recent cosmic productions\"\". Author Elliot Huntley similarly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995007", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nPerry during the visit. The recording engineer on \"\"Photograph\"\" was Bill Schnee, and author Simon Leng suggests that Harrison helped \"\"hew\"\" the production. Along with Starr (on drums) and Harrison (12-string acoustic guitar), the other musicians included Nicky Hopkins (piano), Klaus Voormann (bass) and Jim Keltner (drums), all of whom had participated in the sessions for \"\"Material World\"\". In addition, Vini Poncia, Starr's new songwriting partner, and session musician Jimmy Calvert played acoustic rhythm guitar on the Los Angeles recording. Overdubs on the basic tracks recorded for \"\"Ringo\"\" took place from April to July 1973. On \"\"Photograph\"\", the additional instrumentation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4478511", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nscreen behind him.\"\"<ref name=\"\"RS/Grammys\"\"></ref> The accompanying images were taken from Starr's recently published book; also titled \"\"Photograph\"\", it consists of photos from his personal collection, dating back to the 1950s and '60s. Engelbert Humperdinck and the Ray Conniff Singers each released recordings of the song in 1974. The following year, London-based recording engineer David Hentschel covered \"\"Photograph\"\", along with all the other tracks on \"\"Ringo\"\", for his album \"\"Sta*rtling Music\"\".<ref name=\"\"Woff/RingO\"\">Woffinden, Bob (12 April 1975). \"\"Ringo Starr: Everyone One of Us Has All We Need ...\"\". \"\"NME\"\". Available at Rock's Backpages (\"\"subscription required\"\").</ref> The latter, an experimental work featuring Hentschel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9364264", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nRingo Starr Sir Richard Starkey (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"\"With a Little Help from My Friends\"\", \"\"Yellow Submarine\"\", \"\"Good Night\"\", and their cover of \"\"Act Naturally\"\". He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"\"Don't Pass Me By\"\" and \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"\"What Goes On\"\" and \"\"Flying\"\". Starr was afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476534", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nthe recording features solos from Harrison, on slide guitar, and Wright. Perry subsequently added a horn section, resulting in him being credited as co-producer on the track. Carr and Tyler dismiss \"\"Down and Out\"\" with the description: \"\"a very mundane throwaway tune only saved from extinction by the professional arrangement and by Harrison's distinctive slide-guitar solo\"\". Apple Records released \"\"Photograph\"\", backed by \"\"Down and Out\"\", on 24 September 1973 in America, and on 19 October in Britain. Starr made a promotional film for \"\"Photograph\"\", in which he mimed to the song while walking through the grounds of Tittenhurst Park, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476527", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nover 1971–72, \"\"It Don't Come Easy\"\" and \"\"Back Off Boogaloo\"\", Harrison helped write the melody, although \"\"Photograph\"\" marked the first time that he was credited as a co-writer with Starr. In her autobiography, \"\"Step Inside Love\"\", Black says she had hoped to record the song for a single later in 1971, only to be told by Starr: \"\"No, it's too bloody good for you. I'm having it myself.\"\" The lyric to \"\"Photograph\"\" is centred around lost love, with the singer having only a single picture by which to remember his absent lover. The eponymous photograph reminds him of their former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995006", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\ntook place at either Apple Studio in central London, or Harrison's home studio, FPSHOT, in Oxfordshire. Starr re-recorded the song in March 1973, while working at Sunset Sound Recorders in Los Angeles on \"\"Ringo\"\", his first solo album in the rock or contemporary pop style. He later described \"\"Ringo\"\" as an \"\"accidental album\"\", since it only came about because he was attending the Grammy Awards in Nashville, where \"\"The Concert for Bangladesh\"\" won the Grammy for Best Album of 1972. Keen to find another activity to justify the flight to the US, Starr arranged to record with American producer Richard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995008", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nincluded a saxophone solo by Bobby Keys and percussion played by one of Harrison's Apple Records signings, brothers Lon and Derrek Van Eaton. Harrison added harmony and backing vocals, supporting Starr's lead vocal part. Jack Nitzsche, Phil Spector's musical arranger for much of the 1960s, provided the song's string and choral arrangements, which were overdubbed at Burbank Studios on 29 June. Aside from Nitzsche's contributions, the recording incorporates aspects of Spector's Wall of Sound production through the use of multiple rhythm guitars and drums, and prominent percussion such as castanets. Leng draws parallels between the \"\"resonant arrangement\"\" on \"\"Photograph\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9364381", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nappeared in interview segments with fellow drummer Keith Moon. Since the breakup of the Beatles, Starr has released 19 solo studio albums: Ringo Starr Sir Richard Starkey (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"\"With a Little Help from My Friends\"\", \"\"Yellow Submarine\"\", \"\"Good Night\"\", and their cover of \"\"Act Naturally\"\". He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"\"Don't Pass Me By\"\" and \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\", and is credited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995014", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\non that chart as a solo artist and Harrison's third there as a composer since the Beatles' break-up in 1970. \"\"Photograph\"\" was also number 1 in Canada and Australia, while in Britain it peaked at number 8. In Rodriguez's words, the single \"\"did a good job of setting the table\"\" for \"\"Ringo\"\", which also enjoyed considerable commercial success. On 28 December 1973, \"\"Photograph\"\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, signifying US sales of 1 million – Starr's second such award, after \"\"It Don't Come Easy\"\". On release, Ben Gerson of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" highlighted \"\"Photograph\"\" as one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995005", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\n\"\"distinctive composing style\"\" is particularly evident, according to authors Roy Carr and Tony Tyler, and Starr would later say of Harrison's role in their collaborations over this period: \"\"I only know three chords and he'd stick four more in, and they'd all think I was a genius.\"\" Starr continued to pursue his film career until the end of 1972, while also participating in musical projects such as Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh. Late that year, Starr and Harrison recorded an early version of \"\"Photograph\"\" during the sessions for Harrison's \"\"Living in the Material World\"\" album (1973). With Harrison producing, this recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443135", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nthat Side One is the undisputed champ of the album. Jack Nitzsche has thrown in a lot of \"\"his\"\" past influences here, including the Famous School of Phil Spector castanets, lesson No. 2.\"\" Betrock concluded of the song: \"\"'Photograph' is one of those rare pop records that grows stronger with each play, and will be covered and revived for years to come (I'll lay you 50-1 it appears on the next Andy Williams album).\"\"<ref name=\"\"Betrock/PhonRec\"\">Betrock, Alan (December 1973). \"\"Ringo Starr: \"\"Ringo\"\"\"\". \"\"Phonograph Record\"\". Available at Rock's Backpages (\"\"subscription required\"\").</ref> Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic considers \"\"Photograph\"\" a \"\"gorgeous collaboration\"\" between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443137", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nacknowledges the extent of Harrison's influence on this and other tracks on \"\"Ringo\"\" while rueing that \"\"Photograph\"\" marks the only formal co-composition by the two ex-Beatles. Huntley describes the song as the album's \"\"stand-out track\"\" and \"\"by a country mile, the commercial high-point\"\" for Starr as a songwriter. Former \"\"Mojo\"\" editor Mat Snow recognises it as \"\"perhaps the single best song of [Starr's] career\"\" and the \"\"emotional heart\"\" of the album. The song provided the title to Starr's 2007 career-spanning compilation \"\"\"\",<ref name=\"\"Erlewine/AM\"\"></ref> having earlier appeared on \"\"Blast from Your Past\"\" (1975), a greatest-hits collection covering his years on Apple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16028100", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo (album)\"\nstarted on 5 March 1973, upon Starr's arrival in Los Angeles at Sunset Sound Recorders. Sessions were produced by Richard Perry. When Starr sent word to all his musician friends to help him in his new venture, they all responded positively. Taking part in the sessions were Marc Bolan, four members of The Band (save Richard Manuel), Billy Preston, Klaus Voormann, Nicky Hopkins, Harry Nilsson and Jim Keltner. Additionally, all three of his former bandmates appeared on and composed material for \"\"Ringo\"\". \"\"Photograph\"\" had been written on 15 May 1971, while on a sailing holiday with his wife Maureen, Harrison", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6220788", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nthe UK. The following year he released his most successful UK hit, \"\"Back Off Boogaloo\"\" (again produced and co-written by Harrison), which peaked at number two (US number nine). Having become friends with the English singer Marc Bolan, Starr made his directorial debut with the 1972 T. Rex documentary \"\"Born to Boogie\"\". In 1973, Starr earned two number one hits in the US: \"\"Photograph\"\", a UK number eight hit co-written with Harrison, and \"\"You're Sixteen\"\", written by the Sherman Brothers. Starr's third million-selling single, \"\"You're Sixteen\"\", was released in the UK in February 1974 where it peaked at number four.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995012", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\n\"\"Photograph\"\" appearing as the third track, preceding another Harrison contribution, \"\"Sunshine Life for Me (Sail Away Raymond)\"\". Opposite the printed lyrics for \"\"Photograph\"\" inside the album booklet, a lithograph by Voormann depicted a framed picture on a shelf or desktop, in which Starr looks dejectedly at a framed picture of a woman. In his personal life at this point, the album's arrival coincided with the failure of Starr's marriage, partly as a result of Harrison and Maureen conducting an affair. While the friendship between the two former bandmates soon recovered, Starr and Harrison would not officially write another song together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476528", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nhappiness together, while also enforcing the reality that \"\"you're not coming back any more\"\". Author Ian Inglis comments on the familiar subject matter in the conventions of pop songwriting, but identifies an \"\"unusual\"\" aspect in the lyrics' \"\"absence of any hope that love might be rekindled\"\". Starr expresses resignation at what the future holds, in the lines \"\"Now you're expecting me to live without you / But that's not something that I'm looking forward to\"\". Musically, the song is in the key of E, with what Inglis terms an \"\"easy melody\"\" that allows for Starr's limitations as a singer. Harrison's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15919588", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nand Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, replacing Pete Best. Starr played key roles in the Beatles' films and appeared in numerous others. After the band's break-up in 1970, he released several successful singles including the US number-four hit \"\"It Don't Come Easy\"\", and number ones \"\"Photograph\"\" and \"\"You're Sixteen\"\". In 1972, he released his most successful UK single, \"\"Back Off Boogaloo\"\", which peaked at number two. He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album \"\"Ringo\"\", which was a top-ten release in both the UK and the US. He has featured in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443155", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\non ARP synthesizer, was the first release on Starr's short-lived record label, Ring O' Records. A cover version of the song by American alt rock band Camper Van Beethoven appeared on their 1993 rarities compilation \"\"Camper Vantiquities\"\". Canadian band Sloan made mention of \"\"Photograph\"\" in their 1996 single \"\"The Lines You Amend\"\", the lyrics of which refer to a song \"\"\"\"... about photographs / Sung by Ringo Starr / Especially in the chorus part / You always said, 'Now don't you start'.\"\"\"\" Cilla Black eventually recorded \"\"Photograph\"\", for her 2003 album \"\"\"\" – a version that \"\"she jumps into head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18719889", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nMusic\"\", describes \"\"Photograph\"\" as \"\"wonderful\"\" and says that the \"\"poignant\"\" Concert for George rendition \"\"highlighted Starr's great ability to love, and in turn, be loved\"\". Starr sang \"\"Photograph\"\" at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards,<ref name=\"\"UCR/Grammys\"\"></ref> during which he and Paul McCartney, as the two surviving ex-Beatles, were honoured with the Recording Academy's Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref name=\"\"Contact/Grammys\"\"></ref> The event took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on 26 January 2014.<ref name=\"\"Guardian/Grammys\"\"></ref> \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" reported on Starr's performance of the song: \"\"Backed by a massive full band, he bounced around the stage while old black-and-white photographs showed on a big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2154174", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nOn 29 November 2002, Starr performed \"\"Photograph\"\" at the Concert for George, held at London's Royal Albert Hall to mark the first anniversary of Harrison's death. According to the Concert for George website: \"\"Ringo Starr caught everyone with a tear in their eye with a rendition of 'Photograph', a composition he wrote with George, which seemed to sum up how everyone felt.\"\" Starr's appearance came towards the end of the concert, and Inglis writes that his arrival was \"\"given an extra poignancy by his choice of song\"\". In his preamble to the audience, Starr stated, \"\"I loved George, George loved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15919682", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nvocal range. Because of his distinctive voice, Starr rarely performed backing vocals during his time with the Beatles, but they can be heard on songs such as \"\"Maxwell's Silver Hammer\"\" and \"\"Carry That Weight\"\". He is also the lead vocalist on his compositions \"\"Don't Pass Me By\"\" and \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\". In addition, he sang lead on \"\"I Wanna Be Your Man\"\", \"\"Boys\"\", \"\"Matchbox\"\", \"\"Honey Don't\"\", \"\"Act Naturally\"\", \"\"Good Night\"\" and \"\"What Goes On\"\". Starr's idiosyncratic turns of phrase or \"\"Ringoisms\"\", such as \"\"a hard day's night\"\" and \"\"tomorrow never knows\"\", were used as song titles by the Beatles, particularly by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995015", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nof the album's \"\"three most wonderful songs\"\", along with the Lennon-composed \"\"I'm the Greatest\"\" and the Harrison–Mal Evans collaboration \"\"You and Me (Babe)\"\".<ref name=\"\"Gerson/RS\"\"></ref> Gerson noted how the song's intro provided an effective \"\"pull on the listener\"\" and wrote that, while the lyrics had a sorrowful quality, \"\"the effect is warming\"\". \"\"Billboard\"\"s album reviewer praised Perry's \"\"stunning production\"\" on \"\"the best Ringo album ever\"\", adding: \"\"We all know already that 'Photograph' has got to be a No. 1 single this month, right?\"\" Although less impressed with \"\"Ringo\"\", Alan Betrock wrote in \"\"Phonograph Record\"\": \"\"It's also clear when you reach 'Photograph'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17878943", "chunk_text": "\"Oh My My (Ringo Starr song)\"\nOh My My (Ringo Starr song) \"\"Oh My My\"\" is a song by English musician Ringo Starr from his 1973 album \"\"Ringo\"\". It was also issued as the third single from the album, becoming a top-five hit in the United States and Canada. The recording was produced by Richard Perry and includes backing vocals by Merry Clayton and Martha Reeves. \"\"Oh My My\"\" was co-written by Starr (credited by his real name, \"\"Richard Starkey\"\") and Vini Poncia, a frequent collaborator of Starr's during the 1970s. Billy Preston plays keyboards on the track. Both Starr and Jim Keltner play drums, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443138", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nRecords. For the 1991 CD reissue of \"\"Ringo\"\", the album was expanded through the inclusion of three bonus tracks, the last of which was the long-unavailable \"\"Down and Out\"\". In 2009, \"\"Photograph\"\" was featured in the Judd Apatow-directed film \"\"Funny People\"\" and appeared on the accompanying soundtrack album. Following his return to touring in July 1989 – the first tour for Starr since the Beatles quit performing live in 1966<ref name=\"\"Sandall/Q\"\">Sandall, Robert (January 1991). \"\"Ringo Starr\"\". \"\"Q\"\". Available at Rock's Backpages (\"\"subscription required\"\").</ref> – he has played \"\"Photograph\"\" regularly with the various incarnations of his All-Starr Band. Eschewing his drum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16995013", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nafter \"\"Photograph\"\". Noting the context in which Starr's song of \"\"beautiful sadness\"\" was released in the United States, Clayson describes \"\"Photograph\"\" as having been a popular request on radio playlists \"\"for a nation still awaiting the return of many of its sons from Vietnam, following the January cease-fire\"\". Rodriguez comments on the precipitous timing of the single, which \"\"capitaliz[ed] on the year's nostalgia craze\"\", while news of Starr recording with each of his former bandmates during the \"\"Ringo\"\" sessions provided further impetus. In late November, the single topped America's \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for one week, Starr's first number 1 hit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18719888", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nme\"\", before mentioning that \"\"Photograph\"\" had taken on a new meaning with the passing of Harrison. This performance – with a large band that included Jeff Lynne, Eric Clapton, Dhani Harrison, Preston, Keltner and saxophonist Jim Horn – was issued on the \"\"Concert for George\"\" album (2003) and appears in David Leland's documentary film of the event. In a July 2003 interview, Starr discussed his recently released tribute song to Harrison, \"\"Never Without You\"\", while acknowledging that he remained closest to Harrison out of all the former Beatles following the band's break-up. Colin Larkin, writing in his \"\"Encyclopedia of Popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14222839", "chunk_text": "\"Octopus's Garden\"\nRingo Starr (Jason Schwartzman) refers to his \"\"song about an octopus\"\", which is followed by a crude remark from John Lennon (Paul Rudd). Octopus's Garden \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\" is a song by the Beatles written and sung by Ringo Starr (credited to his real name Richard Starkey) from the Beatles' 1969 album \"\"Abbey Road\"\". George Harrison, who assisted Starr with the song, commented: \"\"'Octopus's Garden' is Ringo's song. It's only the second song Ringo has ever written, mind you, and it's lovely.\"\" He added that the song gets very deep into the listener's consciousness \"\"...because it's so peaceful. I suppose Ringo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15919632", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nStarr's resentment of the near-constant presence of Lennon's wife, Yoko Ono. After one particularly difficult session during which McCartney harshly criticised his drumming, Starr quit the Beatles for two weeks, holidaying with his family in Sardinia on a boat loaned by actor Peter Sellers. During a lunch break the chef served octopus, which Starr refused to eat; a conversation with the ship's captain about the animal inspired Starr's \"\"Abbey Road\"\" composition \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\", which Starr wrote on guitar during the trip. He returned to the studio two weeks later to find that Harrison had covered his drum kit in flowers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4476526", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nwere then joined in France by Harrison and the latter's wife, Pattie Boyd, for the Monaco Grand Prix. This period coincided with Starr's first success as a solo artist, with the Harrison-produced single \"\"It Don't Come Easy\"\", although he would continue to focus on his career as a film actor, beginning with a role in \"\"Blindman\"\" (1971). Another guest on the \"\"Marala\"\" was Cilla Black, singer and a friend to the Beatles since the 1960s, who recalls Starr and Harrison playing \"\"Photograph\"\" during an evening get-together, with \"\"everyone on board\"\" contributing ideas for the lyrics. As with Starr's two singles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15819380", "chunk_text": "\"Six O'Clock\"\nSix O'Clock \"\"Six O'Clock\"\" is a song by English rock musician Ringo Starr from his 1973 album \"\"Ringo\"\". It was written by Starr's former Beatles bandmate Paul McCartney and the latter's wife, Linda, who also participated in the recording of the song. The presence of McCartney on the track marked the first time that he and Starr had worked together since the Beatles' break-up in 1970. Their collaboration reflected an easing of the tensions that had existed between the two musicians for much of that period. Produced by Richard Perry, \"\"Six O'Clock\"\" was recorded mainly at Apple Studios in London", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13247995", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)\"\nPhotograph (Ed Sheeran song) \"\"Photograph\"\" is a song recorded by the English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran, for his second studio album, \"\"×\"\" (2014). Sheeran wrote the song with Snow Patrol member, Johnny McDaid, who had a piano loop from which the composition developed. After recording several versions with other producers, Sheeran eventually solicited help from Jeff Bhasker; the collaboration generated a version that Bhasker further enhanced for months. The ballad derives its music primarily from an acoustic guitar, piano and programmed drums. With visually descriptive lyrics, it discusses a long-distance relationship inspired by Sheeran's own experience of being away from his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3493207", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo Starr\"\nLennon. McCartney commented: \"\"Ringo would do these little malapropisms, he would say things slightly wrong, like people do, but his were always wonderful, very lyrical ... they were sort of magic.\"\" Starr also occasionally contributed lyrics to unfinished Lennon–McCartney songs, such as the line \"\"darning his socks in the night when there's nobody there\"\" in \"\"Eleanor Rigby\"\". Starr is credited as the sole composer of two Beatles songs: \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\" and \"\"Don't Pass Me By\"\". He is credited as a co-writer of \"\"What Goes On\"\", \"\"Flying\"\" and \"\"Dig It\"\". On material issued after the break-up, Starr received a writing credit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443139", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nkit for the role of lead singer, Starr often closed his shows with the song (before returning for an encore) during tours he made between 1989 and 2000. A live version appeared on the album and video \"\"Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band\"\" (1990); recorded at the Greek Theatre, Los Angeles, on 3 September 1989, it features the original All-Starr line-up of Starr, Billy Preston, Jim Keltner, Rick Danko, Levon Helm, Dr. John, Joe Walsh, Nils Lofgren and Clarence Clemons. Starr also included the song in his performances on the television shows \"\"VH1 Storytellers\"\", in May 1998, and PBS's \"\"Soundstage\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11251051", "chunk_text": "\"John Lennon\"\nwas responsible for 25 \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer. \"\"Imagine\"\" topped the US singles chart compiled by \"\"Record World\"\" magazine, however, in 1971. Citations Sources John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to worldwide fame during the 1960s. After the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15408928", "chunk_text": "\"The Lines You Amend\"\nThe Lines You Amend \"\"The Lines You Amend\"\" is a song by Canadian rock band Sloan, and the third single released from their 1996 album, \"\"One Chord to Another\"\". The song was written by Jay Ferguson. It is the band's first song written by Ferguson to be released as a single. Bassist-vocalist Chris Murphy described the song as being \"\"about suicide\"\", and said, \"\"We sort of breeze through it like it's a cutesy number, but the lyrics are heavy.\"\" One lyric makes reference to Ringo Starr's song \"\"Photograph\"\". The song has been praised by critics for its melodic strength, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14222829", "chunk_text": "\"Octopus's Garden\"\nOctopus's Garden \"\"Octopus's Garden\"\" is a song by the Beatles written and sung by Ringo Starr (credited to his real name Richard Starkey) from the Beatles' 1969 album \"\"Abbey Road\"\". George Harrison, who assisted Starr with the song, commented: \"\"'Octopus's Garden' is Ringo's song. It's only the second song Ringo has ever written, mind you, and it's lovely.\"\" He added that the song gets very deep into the listener's consciousness \"\"...because it's so peaceful. I suppose Ringo is writing cosmic songs these days without even realising it.\"\" It was the last song released by the Beatles featuring Starr on lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13293163", "chunk_text": "\"So Sad\"\nat the Beatles' Apple Studio in London and at Harrison's home studio, FPSHOT, in Henley-on-Thames. The personnel at the sessions were Harrison, keyboard players Wright and Nicky Hopkins, drummers Ringo Starr and Jim Keltner, and bass player Klaus Voormann – many of whom later played on Harrison's official version of the song. Among other unreleased recordings from the \"\"Material World\"\" sessions, Harrison and Starr taped a version of their joint composition \"\"Photograph\"\" in December 1972. Another song about lost love, \"\"Photograph\"\" presents a similarly bleak picture of a failed romance, sharing with \"\"So Sad\"\" the theme that any possibility of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7693060", "chunk_text": "\"Ringo (album)\"\nthe last moment. Artwork for a quadrophonic version was produced, but was never released. Additionally, the original artwork list the second song, written by Randy Newman, as \"\"Hold On\"\" which was later corrected to \"\"Have You Seen My Baby\"\" in following pressings. When \"\"Ringo\"\" was reissued for compact disc, the three bonus tracks included on it were all from singles: Starr's 1971 hit single \"\"It Don't Come Easy\"\" and its B-side \"\"Early 1970\"\", as well as the B-side to \"\"Photograph\"\", \"\"Down and Out\"\". The CD was released in the UK on 4 March 1991, and in the US by Capitol", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15989301", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr\"\nPhotograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr Photograph: The Very Best of Ringo Starr (the last word visually rendered as ) is a career-spanning best-of compilation album by Ringo Starr and is the first such album since the releases of 1975's \"\"Blast from Your Past\"\" and 1989's \"\"\"\". The release of the new collection coincided with the reissue of Starr's first four solo albums for EMI, in digital format, on 28 August 2007. The tracks from 70's and 80' presented on the compilation featured updated mixes of the songs in comparison to the Starr's 90's CD reissues of his earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1443140", "chunk_text": "\"Photograph (Ringo Starr song)\"\nin August 2005. Featuring backing from the Roundheads – a band led by his latter-day producer Mark Hudson – these recordings were issued on Starr's releases \"\"VH1 Storytellers\"\" (1998) and \"\"\"\" (2007), respectively.<ref name=\"\"Erlewine/Soundstage\"\"></ref> Further versions with his All-Starr Band have appeared on the albums \"\"King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents Ringo & His New All-Starr Band\"\" (2002), \"\"Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band Live 2006\"\" (2008) and \"\"Live at the Greek Theatre 2008\"\" (2010), the latter with Gary Wright among the revised line-up. Starr re-recorded the song with the American band Vandaveer for his 2017 album \"\"Give More Love\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_737	who is playing the halftime show at super bowl 2016?	n/a	[ "Beyoncé", "Coldplay", "Bruno Mars" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084299", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891247", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing \"\"Filthy\"\" in a club setting below the field level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891202", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing the show by January 2017 and had no guest performers. Her sister gave her the idea of performing from atop the NRG Stadium; Gaga worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891246", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nMain performer Creative personnel Vendors Lighting crew Art design team Stage video and projection crew Intel Shooting Star drone team All Access Staging & Productions crew Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021346", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7435229", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nMVP. This game was also the final game of Peyton Manning's career; the Broncos quarterback, who also won Super Bowl XLI, announced his retirement in March 2016. CBS' broadcast of the game was the third most-watched program in American television history with an average of 111.9 million viewers. The network charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. It remains the highest-rated program in the history of CBS. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by Coldplay, with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6083314", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nthe league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock band Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"\"Hymn for the Weekend\"\" (which was removed from the setlist before the game), would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson (Mars's collaborator on \"\"Uptown Funk\"\") also performed. Denver took the opening kickoff of Super Bowl 50 and started out strong. Quarterback Peyton Manning completed an 18-yard pass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015785", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084309", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nwho \"\"are willing to raise social consciousness and use their artistry to advance social justice.\"\" In attempt to address her own controversy, Beyoncé explained, \"\"I have so much admiration and respect for officers and the families of officers who sacrifice themselves to keep us safe. But let's be clear: I am against police brutality and injustice.\"\" The halftime show became the fourth highest ever watched show in the United States, with total viewership of 115.5 million. Setlist obtained from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774833", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nthen returned to the main stage to perform \"\"Mirrors\"\", as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors, creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium. Timberlake closed the show with \"\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"\", entering the stands at the conclusion of the song. For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012, no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance. The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects. In July 2017, Britney Spears was rumored to be the headliner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015805", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nShark\"\". The U.S. Trademark Office rejected her initial attempt to register \"\"Left Shark\"\". Her team initiated litigation against an Orlando, Florida, artist named Fernando Sosa, who had been making 3-D figurines of Left Shark. Set list adapted from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891256", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nbut Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, \"\"along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774790", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nof the stage, shouted \"\"Super Bowl 51\"\", dropped her microphone, and jumped off the stage catching a football. Around August 2016 media began reporting that singer Adele was in discussions with the National Football League (NFL) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, on February 5, 2017, at Houston's NRG Stadium. Pepsi Zero Sugar sponsored the show. A representative from the NFL said that \"\"organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up\"\". During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles, Adele clarified that although she had been asked to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nNo players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony. World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin. Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band \"\"The Tennessee Kids\"\" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band. Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318686", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nwas simulcasted on TSN Radio in Canada. In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live returned to coverage after the previous year's NFL broadcaster, Absolute Radio 90s, dropped out of sports coverage. Rocky Boiman and Darren Fletcher return as commentators. Idina Menzel performed the national anthem and John Legend performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. At the start of the halftime show, on-field participants held up light globes which created a bird's-eye view of the Pepsi logo. Perry entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765549", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII\"\nperform it as if it were \"\"a brand new song.\"\" Jennifer Hudson and a chorus of several students from Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, the site of the shooting on December 14, 2012, performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". The coin toss ceremony featured the recent inductees to the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Larry Allen, Cris Carter, Curley Culp, Warren Sapp, Bill Parcells, Jonathan Ogden, and Dave Robinson. On October 16, 2012, Beyoncé was chosen as the headline performer for the Super Bowl halftime show, with a reunited Destiny's Child also appearing as part of the show. Despite initial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084300", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nsurfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015786", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\ngame itself and won two Emmy Awards in September 2015. In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a shortlist of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, which were Coldplay, Katy Perry, and Rihanna. However, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" also reported that league representatives asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made following the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015787", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nNFL spokeswoman, the request had, according to the \"\"Journal\"\", received a \"\"chilly\"\" response from those involved. Fans of \"\"Weird Al\"\" Yankovic launched an unsuccessful campaign to have Yankovic perform the halftime show to promote his album \"\"Mandatory Fun\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime, and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. On January 10, 2015, Perry announced that Lenny Kravitz would also appear at the halftime show. On January 30, 2015, it was revealed that Missy Elliott, who previously worked with Perry on \"\"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\"\" (Remix), would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774791", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nperform by the NFL, she had declined since she did not believe she was suitable for the halftime show. The NFL explained they had not signed any musician and were still in discussions with several artists. In the meantime singer Lady Gaga announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\", in October 2016. \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that the NFL was is discussions with the singer, because of her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl. On September 29, 2016, Gaga confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show. Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nin line with that of the game as a whole, which had lost 7% compared to the previous year. According to initial sales reports from Nielsen Music, sales of the songs Timberlake performed during the halftime show gained 534% in the United States on February 4, the day of the Super Bowl, compared to Feb. 3, while his streams on Spotify gained 214%. Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198899", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé with special guests Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams from Destiny's Child. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It received acclaim from music critics who commented that Beyoncé once more proved her abilities during live performances. It became the then second most watched show in Super Bowl history by garnering 110.8 million viewers. The performance, and the stadium blackout that followed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773297", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XL\"\nchoir, performed the national anthem as part of a pre-game tribute to New Orleans, a nine-time Super Bowl host city then in the midst of efforts to rebuild in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. The national anthem was performed in American Sign Language by Angela LaGuardia, a teacher at Michigan School for the Deaf. Tom Brady, MVP of Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII, became the first active player to participate in a Super Bowl coin toss, the result of which toss was tails, as selected by Seattle. The Rolling Stones performed during the halftime show, which was sponsored by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749839", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nand a U.S. Bank Stadium lounge on the day of the Super Bowl. The Minneapolis Armory also hosted Jennifer Lopez, Imagine Dragons, and Pink concerts close to U.S. Bank Stadium. Pink also performed the national anthem before the Super Bowl. Halftime performer Justin Timberlake held a ticketed \"\"listening session\"\" of his newest album at Prince's Paisley Park. Dave Matthews Band performed at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul. The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community's Mystic Lake Casino hosted Gwen Stefani, the Chainsmokers, Florida Georgia Line, and Kygo. Planners originally scheduled a traveling nightclub for 9500 people, but cancelled, moving its concerts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774794", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nNFL heard \"\"Joanne\"\" before its release and decided to offer her the halftime performance slot. Her inspiration came from earlier halftime performances by Michael Jackson, Diana Ross, and Bruce Springsteen. Gaga remarked that she loved \"\"all the [past shows]\"\". In December 2016, Gaga launched the \"\"Guest of Honor\"\" contest with Pepsi and the NFL. This would give her fans the opportunity to see the halftime show from the stage's sidelines. The singer uploaded a video titled \"\"Fanifesto\"\", talking about the power of fandom. She explained that to win fans had to upload a 15–60 second video on Instagram or Twitter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14526299", "chunk_text": "\"Levi's Stadium\"\nthe proposal, the 49ers withdrew the $15 million offer. The team then gave the city an unsolicited offer of $3 million to help improve various youth athletic fields and facilities, which was cited as a peace offering by \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" columnists Phil Matier and Andrew Ross, and other Bay Area media, but the city council turned the offer down. Super Bowl 50 was held at the stadium on February 7, 2016. The Denver Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10. Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, and Coldplay performed with Beyoncé and Bruno Mars at halftime. Levi's Stadium hosted WWE's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721374", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the history of the Super Bowl, attracting 115.3 million viewers. The show was later surpassed by the following year's Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075383", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\n\"\"Bud Light Super Bowl Music Fest\"\", a three-night concert series that will be headlined by Ludacris and Migos (night 1), Aerosmith (night 2), and Bruno Mars and Cardi B (night 3). The NFL will officially launch its centennial commemorations at Super Bowl LIII, ahead of its 100th season later in the year. CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. As with CBS's previous Super Bowl (Super Bowl 50), ESPN Deportes will air a Spanish-language broadcast of the game. On September 19, 2018, it was reported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12816891", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXV\"\nparticipating teams introduced collectively as a team, instead of introducing them individually by player. The halftime show was produced by MTV, then a sister network of CBS, and featured Aerosmith, 'N Sync, Britney Spears, Nelly, Mary J. Blige, and Tremors featuring The Earthquake Horns. The show featured a back-and-forth medley between Aerosmith and 'N Sync, featuring the songs \"\"Jaded\"\" and \"\"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\"\" by Aerosmith (the former song was from their then-upcoming album \"\"Just Push Play\"\") and \"\"Bye Bye Bye\"\" and \"\"It's Gonna Be Me\"\" by 'N Sync. The show ended with all of the performers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084303", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nof California Marching Band. Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, and a troupe of backing dancers (dressed in the style of Michael Jackson) then performed \"\"Uptown Funk\"\". Beyoncé, also in a Jackson-inspired outfit and appearing with a set of backing dancers dressed as Black Panthers, then performed her new single \"\"Formation\"\" in a mass choreographed dance number before joining Mars onstage for a verse of \"\"Uptown Funk\"\". Coldplay played a snippet of \"\"Clocks\"\" during a video montage of past Super Bowl halftime and national anthem performances, including those by Bruce Springsteen, Missy Elliott, Katy Perry, The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Stevie Wonder,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20552750", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI\"\na Super Bowl since Billy Joel at Super Bowl XLI. Immediately before Bryan sang the national anthem, Phillipa Soo, Renée Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones, who originated the roles of the Schuyler sisters in the Broadway musical \"\"Hamilton\"\", performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". After the national anthem, former President George H. W. Bush performed the coin toss alongside his wife, Barbara. The Patriots called heads, but the Falcons won the coin toss with tails. The Falcons chose to defer to the second half. On September 29, 2016, Lady Gaga, who had performed the national anthem the previous year at Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076614", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nfor the game. This ceremony continued a ten-year tradition (starting with Super Bowl XX and then repeated in Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XL) in which past Super Bowl MVPs were honored before the game. Lady Gaga (accompanied by Alex Smith on piano) sang the national anthem, while Marlee Matlin simultaneously performed an American Sign Language (ASL) version of it. Matlin also signed an a cappella version of \"\"America the Beautiful\"\", which was sung by a U.S. Armed Forces chorus. In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that \"\"multiple acts\"\" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "263119", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIV\"\nalong with WLHK, WFNI and WWL, with the teams' other network radio affiliates instead airing the Westwood One feed. Barenaked Ladies played the Super Bowl Saturday Night event with O.A.R. and Robert Randolph and the Family Band. Chris Daughtry, Steve Winwood and Queen Latifah performed during the Super Bowl pre-game tailgate party, which started at 2 p.m. Carrie Underwood sang the National Anthem and Queen Latifah sang \"\"America the Beautiful.\"\" Underwood's selection marks the third straight year that an alumnus of \"\"American Idol\"\" has been chosen to perform \"\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\", joining Jordin Sparks at Super Bowl XLII and Jennifer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nstage. The modular structure was assembled from a truck, with a large white fabric in front as media screens for Moment Factory. Projection mapping was used by video-hardware manufacturer Barco, with films modified for the spectators and the television audience. The stadium was equipped with Sharpys lighting arrangements from Clay Paky, and the show used Sennheiser sound equipment. Madonna was not paid for performing at the halftime show, which provides global exposure for an artist. The show was a success, setting a Super Bowl halftime-show record of 114 million viewers (higher than the viewership of the game itself). Keith Caulfield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5070803", "chunk_text": "\"Bruno Mars\"\nMark Ronson and Jeff Bhasker as producers. He wanted to improve his songwriting, shows, music videos and make a better album than the previous two. In the same year, Mars (as The Smeezingtons) composed \"\"All I Ask\"\", a track from Adele's album \"\"25\"\". Their work with Adele brought Mars a Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 2017 Grammy Awards. On December 2, 2015, it was announced that Coldplay would be headlining the Super Bowl 50 halftime show on February 7, 2016. Mars and Beyoncé were guest acts, appearing twice on the Super Bowl halftime. They are only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721389", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nOne Direction tickets and Jason Aldean tickets, which were two of the highest prices for an American tours during the spring and summer of 2014. Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721375", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nAmerican pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198901", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nartist under the age of AARP eligibility\"\" to headline the Super Bowl halftime show. Initial reports mentioned that Beyoncé's husband, Jay-Z was a potential collaborator on the show. However, he did not appear during the show, and a source told to \"\"Us Weekly\"\" that he changed his decision at the last minute as he wanted the performance \"\"to be her moment and didn't want to take away from it\"\". The halftime show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. During the performance Beyoncé was dressed in an oversized black jacket, lace-and-leather bodysuit and thigh-high stockings. Kelly Rowland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8195254", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nsigned by the NFL for the Super Bowl halftime show, and in December the league confirmed that Madonna would perform in the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. The game was scheduled for February 5, 2012, and its organizers continued their practice of inviting global musicians to perform. Artists who had previously performed in the show included the Black Eyed Peas, Bruce Springsteen, the Rolling Stones, the Who, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, U2, Paul McCartney and Prince. The show coincided with the release of \"\"W.E.\"\" in United States. Madonna collaborated with Cirque du Soleil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767183", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nquickly cut away from the shot. The incident led to fines being issued by the FCC (and a larger crackdown over \"\"indecent\"\" content broadcast on television), and MTV (then a sister to the game's broadcaster that year, CBS, under Viacom) being banned by the NFL from producing the Super Bowl halftime show in the future. In an effort to prevent a repeat of the incident, the NFL held a moratorium on Super Bowl halftime shows featuring pop performers, and instead invited a single, headlining veteran act, such as Paul McCartney, The Who, Prince, and Bruce Springsteen. This practice ended at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nMajor Instinct\"\" sermon on the virtues of serving others (February 4, 2018 was also the 50th anniversary of the sermon). The ad was considered an exploitation of King's words to sell a product, with media outlets noting that the sermon in the ad went on to specifically criticize advertisers (including automobile manufacturers) for being \"\"gentlemen of massive verbal persuasion\"\". NBC's lead-out program was an episode of \"\"This Is Us\"\", titled \"\"Super Bowl Sunday\"\", alongside a special episode of \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"\" from Minneapolis' Orpheum Theatre, with halftime performer Justin Timberlake, Dwayne Johnson, Chris Stapleton and the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVI halftime show The Super Bowl XLVI halftime show took place on February 5, 2012 at the Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana as part of Super Bowl XLVI. It featured Madonna and guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and CeeLo Green. In 2011, the National Football League (NFL) announced that Madonna would perform at the Super Bowl XLVI show. The singer collaborated with Cirque du Soleil for the show, where her longtime choreographer Jamie King was music director; King, in turn, enlisted the multimedia-show producer Moment Factory. Madonna performed four songs, beginning with \"\"Vogue\"\" in a Roman-Egyptian setting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774793", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\ntook into account the total time it usually takes for the show—seven minutes for set up, 12 minutes for the main show, and another seven minutes to dismantle—and believed the singer could deliver \"\"power, punch, performance, singing, lights\"\" within that time frame. Pepsi sponsored the halftime show for the fifth-consecutive year. In October 2016, Gaga told \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" she wanted to give \"\"the best show for the football fans, the ones that are watching at home\"\". Although indecisive about the set list, the singer wanted to play a mixture of her past and recent songs. She also confirmed that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220159", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVIII\"\nmusician Charlie Daniels, and the Morehouse College Marching Band. The United States Trampoline Association (USTA) performed on 4 trampolines during \"\"Jump-Jump\"\" performed by Kris Kross. Later, singer Natalie Cole, accompanied by the Atlanta University Center Chorus, sang the national anthem. To honor the 25th anniversary of the New York Jets' upset win in Super Bowl III, that game's MVP, former Jets quarterback Joe Namath joined the coin toss ceremony. The halftime show was titled \"\"Rockin' Country Sunday\"\" and featured country music stars Clint Black, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, and Wynonna Judd. The show's finale included a special appearance by Naomi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958261", "chunk_text": "\"NBC Sunday Night Football\"\nMcCoy (Eagles) and Colin Kaepernick (49ers). This time, Underwood is seen performing on a computer-generated stage. In another major tweak, the lyrics toward the end of the song changed, with the commentators' first names (Al & Cris) being replaced with \"\"come on along with the best on TV.\"\" Carrie Underwood performed a special Super Bowl version of the song at the start of the network's broadcast of Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015. In this version, Carrie Underwood is performing with a rock band in concert with video screens showing scenes from past Super bowl games inside a CGI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14329404", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIV\"\ntouchdown, to clinch the victory. New Orleans quarterback Drew Brees, who completed 32 of 39 passes for 288 yards and two touchdowns, was named the Super Bowl MVP. His 32 completions tied a Super Bowl record set by Tom Brady in Super Bowl XXXVIII. The live broadcast of the game on CBS was watched by an average U.S. audience of 106.5 million viewers, making it then the most-watched Super Bowl. The National Anthem was sung by Carrie Underwood, and the halftime show featured the British rock band The Who. Super Bowl XLIV was the last Bowl to have a uniquely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12591740", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLII\"\nand Fox confirmed that \"\"Idol\"\" host Seacrest would serve as emcee for the pre-game show, with Alicia Keys as the primary performer; as she sang a medley of her songs, including... \"\"Go Ahead\"\", \"\"Fallin'\"\", \"\"If I Ain't Got You\"\", \"\"Teenage Love Affair\"\", and \"\"No One\"\" as the final performance. \"\"Idol\"\" Season Six winner Jordin Sparks, herself a native of Glendale and daughter of former New York Giants cornerback Phillippi Sparks, performed the National Anthem, while Phoenix College professor and theatrical interpreter A Dreamer interpreted it into American Sign Language. The anthem was followed by a flyover from the U.S. Navy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774853", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nnothing to say in his performance, and said that it lacked soul and meaning. At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, the Super Bowl halftime show received four nominations: Outstanding Directing For A Variety Special, Outstanding Lighting Design/Lighting Direction For A Variety Special, Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control For A Limited Series, Movie Or Special. The Super Bowl LII halftime show was seen by 106.6 million television viewers in the United States, 9% less than Lady Gaga's in 2017. It had higher average viewership than the game itself, and the decline for the halftime show was roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204096", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nthe event. In addition, popular singers and musicians including Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Justin Timberlake, Beyoncé, Janet Jackson, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Whitney Houston, and Lady Gaga have performed during the event's pre-game and halftime ceremonies. For four decades after its 1920 inception, the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, it encountered its most serious competitor when the American Football League (AFL) was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans. The original \"\"bowl game\"\" was the Rose Bowl Game in Pasadena, California, which was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461576", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nto players and coaches as Roberts ran around the field until players from both competing teams, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers, tackled him. Matt Chatham, the Patriots' special teams expert and reserve linebacker initially knocked Roberts down, thus allowing stadium security and police to arrest Roberts and take him into custody. Aside from Jackson's exposure, minor controversy around the show's other performances included rappers P. Diddy and Nelly gesturing towards their crotches, stripping cheerleaders, and musician Kid Rock appearing in a poncho made from a slit American flag, which he later threw towards the audience. U.S. Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_738	to aru kagaku no railgun s episode 3?	n/a	[ "Project Radio Noise" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17566389", "chunk_text": "\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\nreleased on March 27, 2014. A third season has been announced and is set to premiere in 2019. The anime adaptation of \"\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\" has five pieces of theme music, two opening themes and three ending themes. The first opening theme is \"\"Only My Railgun\"\" by fripSide, and the first ending theme is by Elisa. The song \"\"Smile (You & Me)\"\" by Elisa, which uses the same tune as \"\"Dear My Friend (Mada Minu Mirai e)\"\", is featured as the ending theme for episode twelve. The second opening theme is \"\"Level 5 (Judgelight)\"\" by fripSide and the third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14791843", "chunk_text": "\"A Certain Magical Index\"\non February 23, 2013. It is based on an original story written by Kamachi and features the main characters from both \"\"Index\"\" and \"\"Railgun\"\" along with new ones designed by Haimura. Funimation has licensed the film in North America to be released in 2014. The film was released in North America on January 13, 2015. The 26-episode third season of the anime series premiered on October 5, 2018. Funimation has licensed the third season of the series for North America, United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand; meanwhile, Crunchyroll has licensed it for the rest of the world,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18524536", "chunk_text": "\"Ying Ye 3 Jia 1\"\nto go and look for autumn fireflies and hopes that her blessings for Ah Jiang would be able to come true. However, the farm that is in her memories unexpectedly turns out to be a barren land. Not willing to give up so easily, Xia Tian goes poking around. Out of nowhere, a dog suddenly barks and chases her. Xia Tian panics and climbs over the wall of someone's house. A handsome young guy holds up a gun to stop her. Episode 9 It's a miracle! It is Ah Jiang and also Xia Tian's wish not to give up on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17566391", "chunk_text": "\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\nending theme is \"\"Grow Slowly\"\" by Yuka Iguchi, the latter of which was released on May 15, 2013. The song \"\"stand still\"\" by Iguchi is featured as the second ending theme for episodes 11 and 14. The second opening theme is \"\"Eternal Reality\"\" by fripSide and the third ending theme is \"\"Links\"\" by Sachika Misawa. The song \"\"Infinia\"\" by Misawa is featured as the fourth ending theme for episode 23. A series of short light novel stories, titled \"\"A Certain Railgun SS\"\", were included with the Japanese DVD and Blu-ray Disc releases of \"\"A Certain Magical Index\"\" and its second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7338390", "chunk_text": "\"Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma\"\ntheme song is by Nano Ripe. The first cour of the third season aired between October 4, 2017 and December 20, 2017. The first opening theme song was \"\"Braver\"\" by Zaq, and the ending theme song is by Nano Ripe. The second half aired between April 9, 2018 and June 25, 2018. The second opening theme is by Luck Life, and the ending theme song is by Fo'xTails. Food Wars! has produced two games released in Japan. is a visual novel developed by FuRyu and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. It was released for the Nintendo 3DS on December 17,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1648343", "chunk_text": "\"Only My Railgun\"\nOnly My Railgun \"\"Only My Railgun\"\" is a Japanese single released by the pop and trance duo fripSide, the first single by fripSide to feature Yoshino Nanjō as its new lead vocalist. It was released on November 4, 2009 under the label Geneon. The track is used as the opening theme for the anime television series \"\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\", which is a spin-off of the series \"\"A Certain Magical Index\"\". This is fripSide's first tie-in with the said anime series. The single debuted at number three on the Oricon Singles Chart, selling 26,000 copies in its first week. [CD]", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19345256", "chunk_text": "\"Encouragement of Climb\"\nA third anime season premiered on July 2, 2018 and ran for 13 episodes, concluding on September 24, 2018. Encouragement of Climb Aoi Yukimura is a quiet girl who prefers staying indoors and is afraid of heights. When she reunites with her childhood friend Hinata Kuraue, who is outgoing and loves mountaineering, they decide to climb a mountain together, in order to see a sunrise they saw together when they were younger. Along the way, they meet several other girls who are also interested in the outdoors, and begin a series of adventures on various mountains across Japan. \"\"Yama no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12260073", "chunk_text": "\"Masamune-kun's Revenge\"\ndirector while Lantis produced the music. The opening theme is performed by Ayaka Ohashi titled and the ending theme is performed by ChouCho titled \"\"Elemental World\"\" while AT-X's version is titled sung by Ayaka Ōhashi and Suzuko Mimori under their respective character name Aki Adagaki and Neko Fujinomiya. The series aired from January 5 to March 23, 2017. It was broadcast on Tokyo MX, AT-X, and BS Fuji. The anime ran for 12 episodes and released across six BD/DVD volumes. Funimation has licensed the series for a simuldub. An OVA of the series has been released and tells an \"\"after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984251", "chunk_text": "\"Keroro Gunso the Super Movie 3: Keroro vs. Keroro Great Sky Duel\"\nMiruru uses the ship's defenses to attack the Gundam, blasting whole pieces off of it, until Koyuki and Doruru destroyed the combat system within the ship, causing everything to break and go haywire. Keroro blasts into the ships main building and is told by Kululu that Fuyuki and Dark Keroro are on the above floor. Keroro points the Gundam's beam rifle up and shoots a hole in the ceiling (This scene is a reference to a scene of the final episode of Mobile Suit Gundam when Amuro Ray and Char Aznable were battling). With the Gundam reduced to a mere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19012976", "chunk_text": "\"Majestic Prince (manga)\"\nalso features an insert song written by Ishikawa and performed by Kon titled . \"\"Bokutachi wa Ikiteiru (僕たちは生きている)\"\" by Izuru Hitachi (Hiroki Aiba), Toshikaze Asagi (Shintaro Asanuma), Ataru Suruga (Junya Ikeda) is the 3rd ending, and supposedly runs from episode 16 to episode 22. The anime was rebroadcast from July to September 2016, two episodes per week in a special programming block titled \"\"Majestic Hour\"\". On September 29, 2016, a 25th episode aired. Majestic Prince (manga) In the year 2110, humanity has expanded its frontier into space in its drive for new resources. Advances in genetic engineering research led to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17566386", "chunk_text": "\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\nA Certain Scientific Railgun In the futuristic Academy City, which is made up of 80% students, many of whom are espers possessing unique psychic powers, Mikoto Misaka is an electromaster who is the third strongest of a mere seven espers who have been given the rank of Level 5. The series focuses on the exploits of Mikoto and her friends; Kuroko Shirai, Kazari Uiharu, and Ruiko Saten, prior to and during the events of \"\"A Certain Magical Index\"\". \"\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\" is illustrated by Motoi Fuyukawa and started serialization in the April 2007 issue of ASCII Media Works' \"\"Dengeki", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13564747", "chunk_text": "\"Death March to the Parallel World Rhapsody\"\n10, 2016. The television series is directed by Shin Ōnuma at Silver Link and Connect with scripts written by Kento Shimoyama, while Shoko Takimoto designed the characters. MONACA composed the music at DIVE II Entertainment. The series aired from January 11 to March 29, 2018 on AT-X, with further broadcasts on Tokyo MX and BS11. It ran for 12 episodes and covers the first 3 volumes of the light novel. The opening theme is by Run Girls, Run! while the ending theme is by Wake Up, Girls!. Crunchyroll streamed the series, while Funimation is streaming the simuldub. The series was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17372430", "chunk_text": "\"Xenosaga Episode III\"\nthat prevented the chaos from spreading. The group fight Virgil before he is calmed by the spirit of Febronia—who tended him when he was injured on Miltia and with whom he formed an attachment prior to her death—and follows her into the afterlife. The Red Testament also appears, revealing his true identity as Kevin and asking Shion to join him. Evading Kevin and T-elos, the group escape from Shion's subconscious back into the normal world, but following this Shion becomes emotionally unstable. During their absence, the Federation government is manipulated by Yuriev into assaulting Ormus in search of an artifact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13907679", "chunk_text": "\"Atelier Totori: The Adventurer of Arland\"\nKoei was hinted at by an R-18+ rating appearing on the Australian Classification Board's website. A port of the game titled Atelier Totori DX for Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 was released on September 20, 2018 in Japan, and on December 4, 2018 in the West along with an additional Microsoft Windows release worldwide. \"\"Atelier Totori\"\" takes place 5 years after the previous game, \"\"Atelier Rorona\"\". It begins with Totori in the fishing village of Alanya, her hometown, and ends after five years pass. Totooria Helmold is Rorona's student who is looking for her missing mother. After the events of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9627953", "chunk_text": "\"Keroro Gunso the Super Movie 3: Keroro vs. Keroro Great Sky Duel\"\noverjoyed from Fuyuki's kindness, Keroro gives him his wallet to use for the Gundam. Meanwhile, an unknown group was watching them. The leader was quite disturbed by Keroro's lack of leadership, and decided to relieve him of his duty of invading the planet. At the same time, Momoka called the Keroro Platoon over to have them answer for an unknown installation on her family's super computer. They stated that they weren't responsible, but then, a soldier reported an unknown object coming rapidly towards them. After Fuyuki finishes buying Keroro's Gundam, everyone living in Tokyo witness an enormous ship appearing out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13562904", "chunk_text": "GalGun\nGalGun The player takes the role of a male student, Tenzou Motesugi to shoot his female classmates with \"\"Pheromone Arrow\"\" to prevent him from falling in love with them, while he finds one of the four lead girls before the sunset. The game was originally released only for the Xbox 360, a PlayStation 3 port with additional characters and PlayStation Move support was released on February 23, 2012. A sequel, titled \"\"\"\", was released for PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 4 on August 6, 2015 in Japan, July 22, 2016 in Europe, and August 2, 2016 in North America. The synopsis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19677022", "chunk_text": "\"Xenosaga Episode III\"\nShion Uzuki and her creation the anti-Gnosis android KOS-MOS are forced to escape an Gnosis attack triggered by the discovery of a Zohar Emulator, a manmade copy of the Zohar. During their journey to Second Miltia aboard the passenger freighter \"\"Elsa\"\", they are pursued by U-TIC forces; encounter more Gnosis seeking the Zohar Emulator; and Shion experiences visions of a young girl named Nephilim. Sheltering with the Kulai Foundation, they are eventually forced to confront Albedo Piazzolla, an unhinged U.R.T.V. determined to reach Miltia, when he threatens Second Miltia with a powerful weapon called the Proto Merkabah. The group destroy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11647003", "chunk_text": "\"Space Battleship Yamato\"\nSasha, the daughter of Queen Starsha of Iscandar and Mamoru Kodai (Susumu's older brother). Following these movies, a third season of the television series was produced, broadcast on Japanese television in 1980. Its date was not mentioned in the broadcast, but design documents, as well as anime industry publications, cited the year 2205. In the story, the Sun is hit by a stray proton missile from a nearby battle between forces of the Galman Empire and Bolar Federation. This missile greatly accelerates nuclear fusion in the Sun, and humanity must either evacuate to a new home or find a means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16632368", "chunk_text": "\"The Third\"\nis able to detect life forces and sense other things in her environment. She is 17 years old in the anime and 15 in the manga (which appears to take place before the anime). She is incredibly strong, as by the end of the anime series she is able to take down a large army with one strike of her sword. The Third The series is set many years after a devastating war, which killed 80% of the Earth's population. Earth is being watched by a group of beings known as The Third from a city called Hyperius. They are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1648344", "chunk_text": "\"Only My Railgun\"\n[DVD] Only My Railgun \"\"Only My Railgun\"\" is a Japanese single released by the pop and trance duo fripSide, the first single by fripSide to feature Yoshino Nanjō as its new lead vocalist. It was released on November 4, 2009 under the label Geneon. The track is used as the opening theme for the anime television series \"\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\", which is a spin-off of the series \"\"A Certain Magical Index\"\". This is fripSide's first tie-in with the said anime series. The single debuted at number three on the Oricon Singles Chart, selling 26,000 copies in its first week.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14854137", "chunk_text": "\"Rilu Rilu Fairilu\"\nis titled by Q-pitch, and the second is titled by the same group. A third season, titled began its airing on Kids Station, Animax and Tokyo MX, and the premiere dates are July 7, July 8 and July 15, 2018 respectively. It is directed by Chisei Maeda and written by Akemi Omode. The anime's opening theme is titled by Yumiri Hanamori and Ari Ozawa as Lip and Spica. The ending theme is titled by Yumiri Hanamori as Lip. Rilu Rilu Fairilu An anime adaptation produced by Studio DEEN, titled \"\"Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~Yousei no Door~\"\", aired on all TXN stations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13219772", "chunk_text": "\"Three Leaves, Three Colors\"\nserialized at Manga Time Kirara Carat. Thirteen tankōbon volumes of the manga were released between June 28, 2004 and July 27, 2017. A 12-episode anime television adaptation by Doga Kobo premiered on April 10, 2016. It is directed by Yasuhiro Kimura and written by Hidoaki Koyasu. Jun Yamazaki provided the series' character designs. The opening theme is Clover♣Kakumation (クローバー♣かくめーしょん Kurōbā♣Kakumēshon, \"\"Clover♣Revolution\"\"), and the ending theme is Guchōki Parade (ぐちょーきパレード, \"\"Rock-Scissors-Paperade\"\"), both performed by Mai Kanazawa, Ayaka Imamura, and Yū Wakui under the name Triple♣Feeling. In episode 12, the song School High Touch! (スクールはいたっち！ Sukūru Hai Tatchi!) is used as an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "761748", "chunk_text": "IPartment\na chef of Japanese cuisine instead of manga artist. So he is very strict with his son. Episode 1: Wedding Battle Episode 2: The Super \"\"Big\"\" Scandal Episode 3: March of Depression Episode 4: The Revenge of Romance Episode 5: Love Antidote Episode 6: Fame In A Snap Episode 7: Watching Porn Episode 8: Mysterious Present Episode 9: The Traffic Jam Episode 10: WaEpisode 11: It's A Small World Episode 12: Life and Death Episode 13: Memory Fragments Episode 14: The Boring Weekend Episode 15: The Halloween Fright Episode 16: Gossip King Episode 17: The Teller Episode 18: You are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6815420", "chunk_text": "\"Monogatari (series)\"\n19, 2015. An anime film trilogy was produced based on the prequel novel \"\"Kizumonogatari\"\", with the first film, \"\"Kizumonogatari Part 1: Tekketsu\"\", having been released on January 8, 2016. An anime adaptation of the third novel of the \"\"Owarimonogatari\"\" series aired on August 12 and 13, 2017. The \"\"Monogatari\"\" series revolves around Koyomi Araragi, a third-year high school student who is almost human again after briefly becoming a vampire. One day, a classmate of his, the reclusive Hitagi Senjōgahara, falls down the stairs into Koyomi's arms. He discovers that Hitagi weighs nothing, in defiance of physics. Despite being threatened by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19596247", "chunk_text": "\"Ginga Sengoku Gun'yūden Rai\"\nare sucked by the devastating energy storm. T.J. orders his battleship all-out attack and Rogina calls for decisive charge to her remaining ships. The fatal confrontation of two warriors is coming to an end in the burning sea of deep space. EPISODE #28. DUEL; THUNDER JET VS. ROGINA Thunder Jet grinds his ship into the troop under Rogina's direct command and crashes it to her ship. Duel of T.J. and Rogina sparks and Rogina is wound badly. She praises T.J.'s braveheart and success and jumps into the sun, saying \"\"Realize your dream at all risk!\"\" EPISODE #29. FAREWELL ROGINA It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20460856", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Cicada\"\nwar Japan has known, the Boshin War, with Kusaka on the Satsuma-Chōshū (Imperial) side and Akizuki on the Bakufu (Shogunate) side. During one of the last battles, Kusaka finds Akizuki about to commit \"\"seppuku\"\" after having lost a leg to cannon fire. Upon being seen by one of his comrades aiding Aikizuki, Kusaka kills him, leaving his lover in shock. Episode Three: \"\"Tokyo Tragedy\"\" starts four years later, with Kusaka working for the new government, wearing Western-style clothes and living in a Western-style home. In a private Japanese cottage behind the house, he keeps Akizuki in secret. Relations between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12526048", "chunk_text": "\"Revue Starlight\"\nserialization in Bushiroad's \"\"Monthly Bushiroad\"\" magazine from January 6, 2018. A third manga written by Kanata Nakamura and illustrated by Sora Goto, , began serialization in ASCII Media Works' \"\"Dengeki G's Comic\"\" magazine from January 30, 2018. A 12-episode anime television series by Kinema Citrus aired in Japan between July 12 and September 27, 2018. The series is directed by Tomohiro Furukawa with series composition by Tatsuto Higuchi and character design by Hiroyuki Saita. The series will release on three Blu-ray Disc/DVD volumes, each containing additional original video animation shorts, between October 24, 2018 and February 27, 2019. The opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984259", "chunk_text": "\"Keroro Gunso the Super Movie 3: Keroro vs. Keroro Great Sky Duel\"\nGiroro defends a battleworn Natsumi by charging at Doruru and risking a barrage from Doruru's own Dendrobium mecha, until Natsumi returns Giroro's bowie knife and he shoves it into Doruru's weapons, allowing Giroro to defeat him. Dark Keroro finally started to understand Fuyuki and Keroro, and blamed himself for everything that happened, they told him that Kiruru is to blame, not him, so Dark Keroro decided to go alone and stop Kiruru, and then Miruru appeared, it turns out, Miruru is the key to seal away Kiruru, just like Mirara from the First Movie. Miruru warns Dark Keroro that if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7576917", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Borderland\"\nAlice in Borderland Arisu, Karube, and Segawa, a trio of highschool delinquents, are bored with their current lives. During a firework celebration, Arisu wishes that he could live in a different world which would be more exciting for him. As such, his wish was granted, and the three were transported into a seemingly post-apocalyptic-like parallel world. After stepping into what seems to be an empty festival, they are greeted by a woman who tells them that they have already \"\"entered their game\"\". After clearing the game, she reveals to them that, in Borderlands, they must play games to survive. Volume", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20375708", "chunk_text": "\"Sword Art Online\"\nGun Gale Online\"\", were announced in 2017. \"\"Sword Art Online Alternative Gun Gale Online\"\", animated by 3Hz, premiered in April 2018. \"\"Sword Art Online: Alicization\"\" began airing on October 7, 2018, with a one-hour world premiere which aired in Japan, the United States, Australia, France, Germany, Russia and South Korea on September 15, 2018. It will air for four cours (around 50 episodes) and will adapt from the novel's ninth volume, \"\"Alicization Beginning\"\", to the eighteenth volume, \"\"Alicization Lasting\"\". Yuki Kajiura composed the soundtrack for the \"\"Sword Art Online\"\" anime, which was later released in the limited edition of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15978296", "chunk_text": "Urahara\ndesigner. It aired from October 4 to December 20, 2017. Crunchyroll streamed the series. Funimation premiered the dub on October 24, 2017. The opening theme is \"\"Antithesis Escape\"\" by Sumire Uesaka, and the ending theme is by Luna Haruna. Urahara Urahara is a webcomic written by Patrick Macias and illustrated by Mugi Tanaka. An anime television series co-produced by EMT Squared and Shirogumi aired from October to December 2017. Three high school girls hailing from Harajuku band together to fight off culture thieving aliens from outer space. Production of the anime adaptation was announced in March 2017. Amika Kubo directed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8560617", "chunk_text": "\"Rilu Rilu Fairilu\"\nKera Kera, and the third is titled by Yumiri Hanamori, Rina Hidaka, Aya Uchida and Aina Kusuda as Lip, Sumire, Himawari and Rose. A sequel, titled was announced by Sanrio via the official Anime Twitter account, began airing on April 7, 2017, and is set to end on March 30, 2018. It is directed by Sakura Gojō and Nana Imanaka, written by Akemi Omode. The first opening theme of this series is titled by Girl group Apink as their 7th Japanese Single together with their song \"\"Bye Bye\"\", and the second is titled by Silent Siren. The first ending theme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6190117", "chunk_text": "\"Castle of Shikigami III\"\nShe is a nuclear attack-class troublemaker, messing with the relationships of Gennojo and Koutaro, who she both calls papa, and Fumiko and Sayo, who she both calls mama. She is 9 years old and is a happy elementary school student who isn't going to school. She has the mystical power of turning the words she says into reality. As a guardian, she carries the rabbit deity known as \"\"Strider\"\" in her backpack. A female police officer. Number 0, division 0 in the metropolitan police department. She is known as Time Gal. She has long, silky green hair, wears a bare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3819080", "chunk_text": "\"Hey, Class President!\"\nwould feel bad if that were the case. Kokusai tells him not to patronize him and they awkwardly talk for a minute. Chiga asks him not to be awkward since that will make him feel embarrassed and ruin their chemistry. Kokusai feels kind of unsafe so he asks Chiga to stay on the line while he locks the windows. Chiga laughs but agrees. Kokusai goes to lock the windows but notes that the windows are already locked and he finds this strange as he did not remember doing that. He sits down on the couch and falls asleep. The intimidating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19150400", "chunk_text": "\"C3 (novel series)\"\nis performed by Eri Kitamura. From episode 9 onwards, the opening theme is by Eri Kitamura and the ending theme is \"\"Sympathy of Love\"\" by Yukari Tamura. Funimation licensed the series in North America. Gabriella Ekens from \"\"Anime News Network\"\" criticized the anime for its unoriginal plot and characters, though she praised its visuals and considered it an entertaining show. Tristan Crocker from \"\"Anime Herald\"\" gave a similar review, calling the story and characters underdeveloped, while at the same time deeming the show \"\"a fun surprise\"\". C3 (novel series) C³, also known as or Cube×Cursed×Curious, is a Japanese light novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17566388", "chunk_text": "\"A Certain Scientific Railgun\"\nNorth America by Funimation, who released the series on DVD on April 16, 2013. A bonus episode was included with a visual book released on July 24, 2010, and an original video animation was released in Japan on October 29, 2010. A 24-episode second season, also directed by Nagai, titled \"\"A Certain Scientific Railgun S\"\", aired in Japan between April 12 and September 27, 2013. It was simulcast by Funimation, who released the series on DVD in North America in two parts on July 1, 2014 and August 19, 2014, respectively. Another bonus episode was released with a visual book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "772937", "chunk_text": "\"Cardfight!! Vanguard (season 3)\"\nRare insert songs are performed in English by Suzuko Mimori, Yoshino Nanjō, and Aimi Terakawa (the original Japanese voice actresses of Kourin, Rekka, and Suiko). Individual episodes from seasons 1-4 are known as \"\"Rides\"\". The third season begins with Aichi's enrollment in high school at Miyaji Academy, where he tries to establish a Cardfight Club, despite the general student body's disinterest and the obstructions of the student council. Later, a new enemy appears in the form of Link Joker, which threatens to take over the world. Opening themes Ending themes <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Cardfight!! Vanguard (season 3) The third season of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1081373", "chunk_text": "\"There She Is!!\"\nNabi make an appearance. This is currently officially unavailable due to copyright issues with the soundtrack, \"\"Sera\"\" by Jeo Qu-cheon. However, it is available on YouTube. The signs on the walls of the subway station read \"\"Bulldog Mansion\"\". Clicking on them will give a link to their (now defunct) site. Step three begins an in-depth trilogy of sequels to the first two videos. It premiered at SICAF (Seoul International Cartoon & Animation Festival) on May 21–25, 2008, and was posted online on May 30. Its soundtrack is the Korean pop song \"\"3차성징\"\" (\"\"Sam-cha Seong-jing\"\", translating to \"\"tertiary sex characteristic\"\") by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984250", "chunk_text": "\"Keroro Gunso the Super Movie 3: Keroro vs. Keroro Great Sky Duel\"\nthe Gundam together, forming a complete Mobile Suit action figure. Keroro then proceeded in pouring some of the Nanola on the Gundam, changing it into a giant robot, just like the giant mechs in the Gundam franchise. At the same time, Kululu and Natsumi finished work on an entirely new weapon, the Mini Kululu, thousands built with the technology to negate the Mini Keroro's brainwashing waves, and restore the people of earth back to normal, and freeing Momoka and her military squad as well. Keroro pilots his new Gundam robot straight at where Dark Keroro is, at the same time,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984249", "chunk_text": "\"Keroro Gunso the Super Movie 3: Keroro vs. Keroro Great Sky Duel\"\nto submit to you, then you are not a king!\"\" This angers Dark Keroro even more, so he gives a direct order to Shivava and Doruru to find and kill Fuyuki's friends, but Shivava and Doruru declined the order as well, they even told him to shut up. Meanwhile, still concentrating on the group's thought of a weapon, Keroro ran straight to his Gundam model in the colosseum, where everyone else came, they all still couldn't see each other, but it didn't matter to them, they knew that they were together, and in celebration of finding each other, they built", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9627958", "chunk_text": "\"Keroro Gunso the Super Movie 3: Keroro vs. Keroro Great Sky Duel\"\na passage inside the ship. Giroro and Dororo were trying to get through to Koyuki and Natsume, who were already under the control of the Mini Keroro's hypnotic waves, but nothing happened, Tamama wondered why they weren't under the wave's control, and Dororo said that it was because they were Keronian, and a Keronian weapon can't affect other Keronians. Mois said that neither her or Fuyuki were under the Mini Keroro's control, thus raising the question as to how that's possible. Somewhere in Dark Keroro's ship, Keroro and Fuyuki reunited, only to be washed away by the tide of water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12160986", "chunk_text": "\"Zettai Zetsumei Toshi 3: Kowareyuku Machi to Kanojo no Uta\"\nsituations, such as touching fire or remaining in the vicinity of a gas leak. The character's status bars can be replenished or reduced by consuming food and medicine, or completely restored by resting on a bench, which also allows the player to save the game. A number of different outfits and compasses can be collected during the game. 2-4 players can play cooperatively via \"\"ad hoc\"\" connection, unlike the first two games, which were only single player. Leaving his home for a new life in a Megalopolis as a university student is a dream come true for Naoki (or Rina,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19596248", "chunk_text": "\"Ginga Sengoku Gun'yūden Rai\"\nis tremendous shock for Thunder Jet to destroy Rogina . Simone wants to console her and heads for T.J.'s ship. But, she is captured by a surveillance ship sent by Kingdom of Ren. Fortunately she is saved by Ashin, the brother of Sishin, who is disguised as a merchant. T.J. pulls himself together thanks to warm consolation of Simone and other friends. EPISODE #30. AN EXPECTED WARSHIP Gen-Yee should have been assassinated by Garer, but he is still alive! He sallies forth with Kagan, his devoted follower on the ghost warship. Emperor Garer plans to attack T.J. on both sides", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14921910", "chunk_text": "\"Karakai Jozu no Takagi-san\"\nShin-Ei Animation with scripts written by Michiko Yokote and character designs by Aya Takano, and aired from January 8 to March 26, 2018. Crunchyroll simulcasted the series, while Funimation is streaming the series with an English dub. The series ran 12 episodes. The opening song titled \"\"Iwanai Kedo ne\"\" by Yuiko Ōhara. The series features several ending songs performed by Rie Takahashi: the first ending song titled \"\"Kimagure Romantic\"\"(ep 1-2), the second ending song titled \"\"AM11:00\"\" (ep 3-4), the third ending song titled \"\"Jitensha\"\"[Bicycle] (ep 5-6), the fourth ending song titled \"\"Kaze Fukeba Koi\"\" (ep 7-8), the fifth ending song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12388020", "chunk_text": "\"Tokumei Kakarichō Tadano Hitoshi\"\nepisodes airing on February 11 and 18. The final episode garnered a rating of over 20% in its timeslot, due largely to the main character, Tadano, collapsing during the episode due to being overworked. On August 7, 2005, the second special was aired, titled \"\"Nerawareta Serebu na Onna-tachi\"\". The special garnered a 19.3%, the second highest rating ever for a drama, and making it the most popular drama aired between August 1 and 7. The third series began airing January 12, 2007. While in the original manga Tadano is a \"\"lone wolf\"\", in the TV series he works in combination", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7072436", "chunk_text": "\"Kanae Itō\"\nand video games. Despite being a relatively new voice actress, she has voiced a variety of characters ranging from tsundere teenagers (Fumino Serizawa of \"\"Mayoi Neko Overrun!\"\") to sexy, mature characters (Airi from \"\"Queen's Blade\"\"). Her versatility has gotten her major roles in some recent anime. She and fellow voice actress Aki Toyosaki are good friends who worked together on several anime including \"\"Shugo Chara!\"\", \"\"To Love-Ru\"\", \"\"The World God Only Knows\"\", \"\"Hanasaku Iroha\"\" and \"\"Toaru Kagaku no Railgun\"\" (both also hosted the \"\"Toaru Kagaku no Railgun\"\" web radio show, \"\"Radio no Railgun\"\"). She also won for \"\"Best Rookie Voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17823595", "chunk_text": "\"It's Coming\"\nIt's Coming \"\"It's Coming\"\" is the ninth episode of the third season of the NBC science fiction drama series \"\"Heroes\"\" and forty-third episode overall. The episode aired on November 17, 2008. Following on from the previous episode, Arthur Petrelli is holding Hiro's head, while Hiro screams. Ando makes an unsuccessful attempt to rescue Hiro, during which Arthur lets go of Hiro, distracted by a painting of a new eclipse made by Usutu. Hiro and Ando make their escape, but Ando finds Hiro has lost his memories and believes himself to be a 10-year-old. Ando helps him relearn how to use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20732973", "chunk_text": "\"Xenosaga Episode III\"\na certain amount of health points (HP) and Ether points (EP). If all HP is depleted, a character is defeated. Turn order is governed by a character's \"\"Agility\"\" statistic. Each character can take a variety of actions, ranging from attacking, performing special attacks called \"\"Arts\"\" and using Ether abilities that each consume EP, using items, taking defensive positions that reduce damage, and escaping the battle. Both the player party and enemies have Break gauges, which fill up when either side successfully lands an attack. When the gauge fills, that character is stunned and cannot act for two turns, in addition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1563187", "chunk_text": "\"Frame Arms Girl\"\nF.A. Girls, who Gourai battles against while also having various adventures alongside. A manga prequel written by Kotobukiya and illustrated by Tsuneo Tsuneishi, titled , began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten's \"\"Comp Ace\"\" magazine from December 26, 2016. A 12-episode anime television adaption aired on Tokyo MX between April 3, 2017 and June 19, 2017, also airing on BS11 and AT-X. The anime was directed by Keiichiro Kawaguchi at studio Zexcs with scripts written by Deko Akao and the music is produced by Keigo Hoashi and Kakeru Ishihama. Sentai Filmworks have licensed it for home video and digital release. The series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7145918", "chunk_text": "\"Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit\"\n2016. Season two was shown over nine episodes from January to March, 2017. Season three was shown from November 2017 to January 2018, again over nine episodes. It was the final season. Moribito: Guardian of the Spirit Balsa, spear wielder and bodyguard, is a wandering warrior who has vowed to atone for eight deaths in her past by saving an equivalent number of lives. On her journey, she saves Prince Chagum, and is tasked with becoming his bodyguard. His own father, the emperor, has ordered his assassination. The two begin a perilous journey to ensure the survival of the prince.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_739	who won the 2017 sports personality of the year?	n/a	[ "Mo Farah" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6804087", "chunk_text": "\"2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 17 December 2017 at the Echo Arena in Liverpool. It was the 64th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a twelve-person shortlist. The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan. Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds opened the ceremony", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19822531", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year\"\nIn 2001, the award was replaced by the Young Sports Personality of the Year, and sprinter Amy Spencer was the first recipient of that award. Scottish tennis player Andy Murray, who won in 2004, is the only non-English recipient of the award. The only person to win the award more than once is diver Tom Daley, who won the award three times, in 2007, 2009, and 2010, and was nominated to the ten-person shortlist in five successive years (2007–2011). The most recent award was presented in 2017 to Manchester City midfielder Phil Foden. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Including a Newcomer of the Year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19813848", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year\"\nAmerican boxer Muhammad Ali and Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt have both won the award three times. The award has been shared on three occasions—by Ron Clarke and Gary Player in 1965, Eusébio and Garfield Sobers in 1966, and Evander Holyfield and Michael Johnson in 1996. The husband-and-wife skating duo of Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova are the only pair to have won the award, doing so in 1968. Belousova was the first woman to become Overseas Personality—she was also the oldest, aged 33. George Moore is the oldest recipient of the award, winning in 1967 aged 44. The youngest recipient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19783077", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nBBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award is the main award of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony, which takes place each December. The winner is the sportsperson, judged by a public vote, to have achieved the most that year. The recipient must either be British or reside and play a significant amount of their sport in the United Kingdom. The winner is selected by a public-vote from a pre-determined shortlist. The most recent award winner is cyclist Geraint Thomas , who won in 2018. Sports Personality of the Year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7675479", "chunk_text": "\"Sports Illustrated\"\nYear.\"\" The 2017 winners of the award are Houston Texans defensive end, J. J. Watt, and Houston Astros second baseman, José Altuve. Both athletes were recognized for their efforts in helping rebuild the city of Houston following Hurricane Harvey in addition to Altuve being a part of the Astros team that won the franchise's first World Series in 2017. In 1999, \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" named Muhammad Ali the Sportsman of the Century at the \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\"s 20th Century Sports Awards in New York City's Madison Square Garden. In 2015, the magazine renamed its Sportsman Legacy Award to the \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\"'s Muhammad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19835975", "chunk_text": "\"2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nthe football World Cup semi final was played. The event was however not without controversy as a number of media outlets panned the decision not to include Ronnie O’Sullivan or Tyson Fury, Eurosport being particularly vocal. The nominees for the award were revealed during the ceremony. In addition to the main award as \"\"Sports Personality of the Year\"\", several other awards will also be presented: On 3 December 2018 the nominees for the inaugural Greatest sporting moment of the year were announced. The winner was decided by public vote (online only) between the 3 December 2018 at 18.30 GMT and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19835976", "chunk_text": "\"2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n14 December 2018 at 20.00 GMT. It was announced that England netball's last second win over Australia for the Commonwealth games title had been voted sporting moment of the year. Formerly known as the BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year, the nominees for the award were announced on 3 December. People from outside of the UK could participate in the voting for the first time. Voting took place online between the 3 December 2018 at 15:00 GMT and 15 December 2018 at 14:00 GMT. The winner was Italian golfer, Francesco Molinari. The Nominations for Team of the year were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10898609", "chunk_text": "\"Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year\"\nteam (2017), Iceland national football team (2017) and Leicester City F.C. (2017). British and Spanish sportspeople have won more awards than any other nationality with four, followed by Americans, Germans and Chinese with two. Golfers are the most successful overall with six wins followed by Formula One drivers with five. The winner in 2017 was the German Formula One driver Nico Rosberg. Having beaten teammate Lewis Hamilton to the 2016 World Championship title by five points, Rosberg announced his retirement from the sport five days later, two months prior to collecting his Laureus statuette. The 2018 winner of the Laureus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1700024", "chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nThe Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 were held on 23 October 2017 in London, England. The ceremony was held at the London Palladium and was hosted by Idris Elba and Layla Anna-Lee. Cristiano Ronaldo, Lieke Martens, Gianluigi Buffon, Zinedine Zidane and Sarina Wiegman were among the award-winners. A panel of experts on men's football representing various FIFA and external football stakeholders compiled a shortlist of 24 male players for The Best FIFA Men's Player. The 24 candidates were announced on 17 August. The three finalists were announced on 22 September 2017. Cristiano Ronaldo won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10243150", "chunk_text": "\"2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 18 December 2016 at the Genting Arena in Birmingham. It was the 63rd presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a sixteen-person shortlist; the winner was Tennis player Andy Murray, who became the first person to win the award three times. The event, broadcast live on BBC One,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18927003", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n(2008) and Ennis-Hill (2017), received the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award. Princess Anne (1971) and her daughter Zara Phillips (2006) are the only award-winners to be members of the same family. The oldest recipient of the award is Dai Rees, who won in 1957 aged 44. Ian Black, who won the following year, aged 17, is the youngest winner. Torvill and Dean, who won in 1984, are the only non-individual winners of the award, so in the 61 years of the award there have been 62 recipients. Of these 13 have been female. 17 sporting disciplines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19822470", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award\"\nto have been represented more than once. Seven of the winners were born in the United Kingdom, and the other winners were born in Brazil, former Czechoslovakia, Spain, Sweden and the United States. Czechoslovak-born tennis player Martina Navratilova was the first woman to have won the award. The only recipient of the award on multiple occasions is Ballesteros who won in 1997 and again in 2009, for his contribution to golf winning \"\"the Open three times, the Masters twice as well as playing an inspirational role in the Ryder Cup\"\". The most recent winner, in 2018, was American tennis player", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9893972", "chunk_text": "\"2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nand later performed a cover of \"\"All You Need Is Love\"\" to celebrate camaraderie in sport during 2017. Rebecca Ferguson sang \"\"Halo\"\" in honour of Jessica Ennis-Hill and Rag'n'Bone Man performed \"\"Grace\"\" during the \"\"in memoriam\"\". The nominees for the award were revealed by Gabby Logan on 27 November 2017, during BBC One's \"\"The One Show\"\". In November 2017, Hamilton was named in the Paradise Papers. It was reported that Hamilton had avoided paying £3.3 million of Value Added Tax on his private jet worth £16.5 million. The leasing deal set up by advisers was said by the BBC to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10328665", "chunk_text": "\"Best Male Athlete ESPY Award\"\nplayers having received a total of eight awards since its inception. The award has been won by a non-American twice – in 2011 by German basketball player Dirk Nowitzki and in 2018 by Russian hockey player Alexander Ovechkin. The 2017 winner of the Best Male Athlete ESPY Award was basketball player Russell Westbrook who received his trophy at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles. – includes award shared by Woods and Griffey Jr. in 1998 Best Male Athlete ESPY Award The Best Male Athlete ESPY Award, known alternatively as the Outstanding Male Athlete ESPY Award, has been presented annually at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19813849", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year\"\nof the award is Nadia Comăneci, who won in 1976 at age 15. Boris Becker, who was 18 when he won in 1985, is the youngest male to have won. Twenty different countries have been represented by the award winners. United States sportspersons have won the award the most times, having had nineteen recipients, two of whom shared the award. Three cricketers have received the award -- Garfield Sobers of Barbados, Brian Lara of Trinidad and Tobago (both of whom played for the West Indies cricket team), and Shane Warne of Australia. Thirteen sporting disciplines have been represented; tennis has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19835980", "chunk_text": "\"2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nto his name. 2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2018 took place on 16 December 2018 at the Resorts World Arena in Birmingham. It was the 65th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan. Des Clarke and Jazmin Sawyers provided the pre-show entertainment. George Ezra, Paloma Faith and Freya Ridings performed during the show. The Lightning Seeds along with David Baddiel and Frank Skinner performed \"\"Three Lions\"\" whilst a montage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19835974", "chunk_text": "\"2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n2018 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2018 took place on 16 December 2018 at the Resorts World Arena in Birmingham. It was the 65th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. The event, broadcast live on BBC One, was hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan. Des Clarke and Jazmin Sawyers provided the pre-show entertainment. George Ezra, Paloma Faith and Freya Ridings performed during the show. The Lightning Seeds along with David Baddiel and Frank Skinner performed \"\"Three Lions\"\" whilst a montage of England's run to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15534637", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Kids' Choice Sports Awards\"\nmedal winner); Cal Ripken Jr. (former shortstop and third baseman for the Baltimore Orioles and 19-time All-Star); Deion Sanders (NFL Pro Football Hall of Famer); Misty May-Treanor (three-time Olympic beach volleyball gold medalist); Andy Elkin (Agent, Creative Artists Agency); Tracy Perlman (VP Entertainment Marketing and Promotions, NFL); Jeff Schwartz (President and Founder, Excel Sports Management); Jill Smoller (SVP, William Morris Endeavor); Leah Wilcox (VP, Talent Relations, NBA); Alan Zucker (SVP, IMG Clients Group); Michael Phelps (most decorated Olympian of all time); Tony Hawk (professional skateboarder) and Zane Stoddard (VP, Entertainment Marketing and Content Development, NASCAR). Winners are highlighted in bold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19813850", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year\"\nthe highest representation, with fifteen recipients. The most recent recipient in 2017 was Swiss tennis player Roger Federer. Only one winner has ever been stripped of the award – US cyclist Lance Armstrong, whose 2003 award was rescinded by the BBC following the UCI's 2012 decision to strip Armstrong of his titles and ban him for life from the sport. In 2018, the award was renamed BBC World Sport Star of the Year. Along with the change of name, votes could be cast from outside of the UK for the first time. This table lists the total number of awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19317925", "chunk_text": "\"2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nto step down as a presenter after 19 years. The winner of the main award was tennis player Andy Murray. Former Manchester United manager, Sir Alex Ferguson won the special BBC Sports Personality Diamond Award. Prior to 2012, a panel of thirty sports journalists each submit a list of ten contenders. From these contenders a shortlist of ten nominees is determined—currently, in the event of a tie at the end of the nomination process, a panel of six former award winners determined the nominee by a Borda count. The shortlist was announced at the beginning of December, and the winner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10338049", "chunk_text": "\"Best Breakthrough Athlete ESPY Award\"\nthirteen nominations, followed by baseball players with eight wins and ten nominations. No athlete has ever won the accolade more than once. The 2017 winner of the Best Breakthrough Athlete ESPY Award was quarterback Dak Prescott of the Dallas Cowboys who led the No. 1 National Football Conference seed to a 13–3 record. Best Breakthrough Athlete ESPY Award The Best Breakthrough Athlete ESPY Award, known alternatively as the Breakthrough Athlete of the Year ESPY Award, is an annual award honoring the achievements of an individual in the world of sports. It was first awarded as part of the ESPY Awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17287114", "chunk_text": "\"Virat Kohli\"\n56.4 million placing him fourth on the list of India's most valued celebrity brands. The same year, UK-based magazine \"\"SportsPro\"\" rated Kohli as the second most marketable athlete in the world behind only Lewis Hamilton, placing him above the likes of Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi and Usain Bolt. In an October 2016 report by Duff & Phelps on India's most valued celebrity brands, Kohli's brand value was estimated to be 92 million, second only to that of Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan. In 2017, Kohli was ranked 7th in the list released by Forbes as the Most Valuable Brand among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11768367", "chunk_text": "\"2015 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n2015 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2015 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 20 December 2015 at the Odyssey Arena in Belfast. Tennis player Andy Murray was announced as the winner. It was the 62nd presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a twelve-person shortlist; the winner was Andy Murray. In addition to the sports personality of the year award, there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1357558", "chunk_text": "\"Laureus World Sports Awards\"\nby the Academy at their discretion. At the first ceremony in 2000, Brazilian footballer Pelé became the first recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award, while American Eunice Kennedy Shriver, founder of the Special Olympics was presented with the inaugural Laureus Sport for Good Award. The first Spirit of Sport award was presented in 2005 to the Boston Red Sox who had won the World Series for the first time in 86 years. In 2013, American swimmer Michael Phelps became the first recipient of the Exceptional Achievement Award. , Chinese tennis player Li Na (2015) and Italian footballer Francesco Totti (2018)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19783079", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nonce: tennis player Andy Murray is the only person to have won three times (in addition to the Young Sports Personality and Team awards), while boxer Henry Cooper and Formula One drivers Nigel Mansell and Damon Hill have each won twice. Snooker player Steve Davis has finished in the top three a record five times (one win). Eight people have twice finished second without ever winning, including Bobby Charlton and Sally Gunnell (Gunnell also finished third once). Jessica Ennis-Hill holds the record for most top three placements without a win; having finished second once and third three times. Both Charlton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17551095", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final\"\nThe network said it likely will be the most-watched program at that hour in ESPN history. Joining the social media congratulations and praise from fans, commentators, fellow contemporaries and tennis legends such as Billie Jean King who praised Federer as the greatest of all time, were other sport stars and legends outside of tennis such as Mesut Özil, Ian Thorpe, Alex Morgan, Sachin Tendulkar, Pau Gasol, Luís Figo, Franco Baresi, Karrie Webb, Lin Dan, and Usain Bolt. Commentators contributed their post-match thoughts. Brad Gilbert said to his fellow commentators Chris McKendry and Darren Cahill that he could easily make a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19881062", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year\"\nto jockey Lester Piggott in 1984 and 1994, disabled marathon runner Dennis Moore in 1981, comedian David Walliams in 2006, and comedian Eddie Izzard in 2009. Sebastian Coe picked up a Special Gold Award in 2005 for his work in helping Britain obtain the right to host the 2012 Olympics. Five awards have been presented once: Manager of the Year in 1969, a Special Team Award in 1986, Good Sport Awards in 1990, an International Team Award in 1983, and the Sports Personality of the Century Award in 1999. In 2003, to celebrate fifty years of Sports Personality of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14472958", "chunk_text": "\"Best Male Athlete ESPY Award\"\niteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Three American athletes, golfer Tiger Woods, road cyclist Lance Armstrong, and basketball player LeBron James, have won the award multiple times. Woods was honored five times: in 1998 (jointly with Ken Griffey Jr.), 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2008. Armstrong was honored four times from 2003 to 2006 inclusive while James received the trophy in 2012, 2013 and 2016. Basketball is the most successful sport, its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18374566", "chunk_text": "\"Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of the Year\"\nhaving taken performance-enhancing drugs and, along with being stripped of her Olympic medals by the International Olympic Committee in 2007, her Laureus Award and nominations (2001 and 2003) were rescinded. The 2018 winner of the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of the Year was the American tennis player Serena Williams who has won the most awards with four: in 2003, 2010, 2016 and 2018. She has also received the most nominations with five. Sportswomen from athletics are the most successful overall, with seven wins and twenty-nine nominations (excluding Jones' rescissions). American sportswomen have won more awards and nominations than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10696177", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Helen Rollason Award\"\nhelped raise over £5 million to set up a cancer wing at the North Middlesex Hospital, where she received most of her treatment. The inaugural recipient of the award was horse trainer Jenny Pitman, in 1999. Other winners include South African Paralympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius, who won the award in 2007. Several recipients have not played a sport professionally, including: Jane Tomlinson, who won in 2002, Kirsty Howard (2004), Phil Packer (2009), Anne Williams, who received the award posthumously in 2013, and eight-year-old Bailey Matthews (2015). Michael Watson, who won the award in 2003, had a career in boxing but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7675480", "chunk_text": "\"Sports Illustrated\"\nAli Legacy Award. The annual award was originally created in 2008 and honors former \"\"sports figures who embody the ideals of sportsmanship, leadership and philanthropy as vehicles for changing the world.\"\" Ali first appeared on the magazine's cover in 1963 and went on to be featured on numerous covers during his storied career. His widow, Lonnie Ali, is consulted when choosing a recipient. In 2017, football quarterback Colin Kaepernick was honored with the Award, which was presented by Beyoncé. The following list contains the athletes with most covers. The magazine's cover is the basis of a sports myth known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9729321", "chunk_text": "\"RTÉ Sports Person of the Year\"\npeople have won the award multiple times: athlete Sonia O'Sullivan won the award five times, including a record three successive awards, and golfers Pádraig Harrington, with three wins, and Rory McIlroy, who won it twice. The oldest recipient of the award is Christy O'Connor Jnr, who won in 1989 aged 41. Rory McIlroy, who first won in 2011, aged 22, is the youngest winner. Ten sporting disciplines have been represented; golf has the highest representation, with seven recipients. Eamonn Darcy, Ronan Rafferty and Des Smyth, who won the Alfred Dunhill Cup in 1988, are the only non-individual winners of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6869230", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Kids' Choice Sports Awards\"\ngold medal winner); Cal Ripken Jr. (former shortstop and third baseman for the Baltimore Orioles and 19-time All-Star); Deion Sanders (NFL Pro Football Hall of Famer); Misty May-Treanor (three-time Olympic beach volleyball gold medalist); Andy Elkin (Agent, Creative Artists Agency); Tracy Perlman (VP Entertainment Marketing and Promotions, NFL); Jeff Schwartz (President and Founder, Excel Sports Management); Jill Smoller (SVP, William Morris Endeavor); Leah Wilcox (VP, Talent Relations, NBA); Alan Zucker (SVP, IMG Clients Group); Michael Phelps (most decorated Olympian of all time); Tony Hawk (professional skateboarder) and Zane Stoddard (VP, Entertainment Marketing and Content Development, NASCAR). Kobe Bryant received the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14106378", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Kane\"\ncity, including quadruple Olympic champion Mo Farah and Chelsea playmaker Eden Hazard, highlighting London's diversity. Ahead of UEFA Euro 2016, Kane featured in advertisements for Mars Bars and Beats by Dr. Dre headphones, the latter alongside Antoine Griezmann, Mario Götze and Cesc Fàbregas. Kane features in EA Sports' \"\"FIFA\"\" video game series: he was named in the Team of the Year in \"\"FIFA 18\"\", joining Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo in attack. Kane and Camila Cabello announced the winner of the \"\"Best International Male Solo Artist\"\" award at the 2018 Brit Awards at the O Arena on 21 February, namely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19881082", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year\"\n1999, a one-off award voted for by the British public selected a Sports Personality of the Century. Muhammad Ali accumulated more votes from BBC viewers than the combined total of the five other contenders: Pelé, George Best, Donald Bradman, Jack Nicklaus, and Jesse Owens. In 2005, Sebastian Coe received a Special Gold Award for chairing London's winning bid for the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic games. As part of the 50th Anniversary of BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 2003, two additional awards were presented. In the lead up to the anniversary show on 2003, a series of five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18927004", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nhave been represented; athletics has the highest representation, with 17 recipients. Counting Torvill and Dean separately, there have been 48 English winners of the award, six Scottish, five Welsh, three Northern Irish, and one Manx. Since the award ceremony began only on one occasion (2013) have none of the podium placers been English. On three occasions a sportsman from outside the United Kingdom has made the podium, on each occasion for sporting success achieved in Great Britain; New Zealand speedway star Barry Briggs (1964 and 1966) and Italian jockey Frankie Dettori (1996). Barry McGuigan, Greg Rusedski and Lennox Lewis originally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19822469", "chunk_text": "\"BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award\"\nrecipient of the award was Frank Bruno in 1996, who won it after his retirement from boxing that year. Bruno was the favourite to win the main award in 1995, but lost to Damon Hill, causing many to criticise his Lifetime Achievement Award as being a consolation award. Spanish golfer Seve Ballesteros won the award the following year, but after that the award was not presented for three years. The award has been presented annually since Ferguson ended the hiatus in 2001. Five of the eleven recipients have been associated with football; tennis and golf are the only other sports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18986782", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award\"\nto become the FIFA Ballon d'Or. It also replaced the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award. Cristiano Ronaldo is the only player to win the award three times as well as twice in a row. Since its inception, the award has been won by Lionel Messi (2011, 2015), Andrés Iniesta (2012), Franck Ribéry (2013), Cristiano Ronaldo (2014, 2016, 2017) and Luka Modrić (2018). Female players are awarded the UEFA Best Women's Player in Europe Award, introduced in 2013. According to UEFA, the award \"\"recognise[s] the best player, irrespective of his nationality, playing for a football club within the territory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1232057", "chunk_text": "\"Byron \"\"Whizzer\"\" White NFL Man of the Year Award\"\nByron \"\"Whizzer\"\" White NFL Man of the Year Award The Byron \"\"Whizzer\"\" White NFL Man of the Year Award has been awarded by the National Football League Players Association continuously since 1967. The most recent winner, for the 2017 season, is Chris Long of the Philadelphia Eagles. The award honors work in the community as the NFL player who best served his team, community and country in the spirit of Byron \"\"Whizzer\"\" White, who was a Supreme Court justice, professional American football player, naval officer, and humanitarian. Past winners have included Drew Brees, Warrick Dunn, Gale Sayers, Bart Starr, Archie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18995851", "chunk_text": "\"José Altuve\"\nalong with Houston Texans defensive end J. J. Watt, were named co-winners of the \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" Sportsperson of the Year Award for his efforts in leading the Astros to their first World Series title and aiding in the recovery of the Greater Houston area in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. Altuve became the 18th Major League Baseball player to win the award in its 64-year history, and both the first Houston Astro and first Venezuelan player. He was also selected the 2017 Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year. Prior to the 2018 season, \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" ranked Altuve as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7205032", "chunk_text": "\"Beyoncé\"\nher Facebook page, Beyoncé voiced her support for transgender youth and joined a roster of celebrities who spoke out against Trump's decision. In November 2017, Beyoncé presented Colin Kaepernick with the 2017 \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" Muhammad Ali Legacy Award, stating, \"\"Thank you for your selfless heart and your conviction, thank you for your personal sacrifice,\"\" and that \"\"Colin took action with no fear of consequence ... To change perception, to change the way we treat each other, especially people of color. We're still waiting for the world to catch up.\"\" Muhammad Ali was heavily penalized in his career for protesting the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7675478", "chunk_text": "\"Sports Illustrated\"\nin 2017. Since 1954, \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" magazine has annually presented the Sportsperson of the Year award to \"\"the athlete or team whose performance that year most embodies the spirit of sportsmanship and achievement.\"\" Roger Bannister won the first-ever Sportsman of the Year award thanks to his record breaking time of 3:59.4 for a mile (the first-ever time a mile had been run under four minutes). Both men and women have won the award, originally called \"\"Sportsman of the Year\"\" and renamed \"\"Sportswoman of the Year\"\" or \"\"Sportswomen of the Year\"\" when applicable; it is currently known as \"\"Sportsperson of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10243151", "chunk_text": "\"2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\nwas hosted by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan. The nominees were revealed on 28 November 2016, during BBC One's \"\"The One Show\"\". To reflect the vast success of the past year, a record 16 sportspeople were named on the shortlist. In addition to the main award as \"\"Sports Personality of the Year\"\", several other awards were also announced: 2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2016 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award took place on 18 December 2016 at the Genting Arena in Birmingham. It was the 63rd presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11177043", "chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nthree nominees were announced on 22 September 2017. Celtic supporters won the award with nearly 56% of the vote. The 55–player men's shortlist was announced on 20 September 2017. The players chosen included Gianluigi Buffon as goalkeeper, Dani Alves, Leonardo Bonucci, Sergio Ramos, and Marcelo as defenders, Luka Modrić, Toni Kroos, and Andrés Iniesta as midfielders, and Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Neymar as forwards. The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 were held on 23 October 2017 in London, England. The ceremony was held at the London Palladium and was hosted by Idris Elba", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16298417", "chunk_text": "\"Associated Press NFL Most Valuable Player Award\"\nother AP awards, such as the AP NFL Offensive Player of the Year and AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year. The current AP NFL MVP is quarterback Tom Brady of the New England Patriots, who won the award for the third time after the 2017 NFL season. The AP has presented an award recognizing the NFL's top player since 1957. The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before the Super Bowl. The sportswriters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15986804", "chunk_text": "\"FWA Footballer of the Year\"\nFWA Footballer of the Year The Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year (often called the FWA Footballer of the Year, or in England simply the Footballer of the Year) is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the season in English football. The award has been presented since the 1947–48 season, when the inaugural winner was Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews. The latest winner of the award as of 2017–18 is Mohamed Salah of Liverpool. Eight players have won the award on more than one occasion, the most recent being Cristiano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1556819", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Ballon d'Or\"\nit was cited as an example of enduring sexism in sports. 2018 Ballon d'Or The 2018 Ballon d'Or was the 63rd annual award ceremony recognizing the best footballer in the world for 2018. The winners were announced on 3 December 2018 and, for the first time in its history, the Ballon d'Or Féminin and Kopa Trophy were awarded to the best female and male under-21 footballer, respectively. The nominees for the awards were announced on 9 October 2018. Shortly after winning the Ballon d'Or Féminin, Ada Hegerberg was asked by broadcast host, Martin Solveig to twerk on stage. Solveig later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1700029", "chunk_text": "\"The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017\"\nor in relation to an official football match during November 2016 to August 2017. The award was given to the most outstanding ”fair-play” gesture/behaviour of the year (an act of fair play either on the pitch or in relation to an official football match — which could also include any amateur league). The shortlist was announced on 22 September 2017. The three finalists were announced on 9 October 2017. Olivier Giroud won the award with over 36% of the vote. The award celebrates the best fan moment of November 2016 to August 2017, regardless of championship, gender or nationality. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8352457", "chunk_text": "\"Gatorade Player of the Year awards\"\nthe year receive their awards at a special ceremony prior to The ESPY Awards, in Los Angeles, California. The Gatorade Company established these awards in 1986. The selection process is administered by ESPN RISE, which is ESPN's division for high-school sports. Past national winners include Peyton Manning and Emmitt Smith for football, LeBron James and Kobe Bryant for basketball, Allyson Felix for track and field, and Kerri Walsh for volleyball. Gatorade Player of the Year awards The Gatorade Player of the Year awards are given annually to up and coming athletes high-school student-athletes in the United States. They are given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17979703", "chunk_text": "\"2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award\"\n2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award The 2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award was presented on 15 December from the First Direct Arena in Leeds. It was the 60th presentation of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award. Awarded annually by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the main titular award honours an individual's British sporting achievement over the past year, with the winner selected by public vote from a ten-person shortlist. The event was presented by Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and Gabby Logan with musical performances from John Newman and Russell Watson. Sue Barker decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_740	where was the world economic forum held this year?	n/a	[ "Davos" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729503", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nWorld Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF), based in Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland, was founded in 1971 as a not-for-profit organization. It gained formal status in January 2015 under the Swiss Host-State Act, confirming the role of the Forum as an International Institution for Public-Private Cooperation. The Forum's mission is cited as \"\"committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas.\"\" The WEF is best known for its annual meeting at the end of January in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350687", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nadmission fee costs $19,000 per person. In 2014, WEF raised annual fees by 20 percent, making the cost for \"\"Strategic Partner\"\" from CHF 500,000 ($523,000) to CHF 600,000 ($628,000). The flagship event of the World Economic Forum is the invitation-only annual meeting held at the end of January in Davos, Switzerland, bringing together chief executive officers from its 1,000 member companies, as well as selected politicians, representatives from academia, NGOs, religious leaders, and the media in an alpine environment. The winter discussions focus around key issues of global concern (such as the globalization, capital markets, wealth management, international conflicts, environmental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729511", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nannual meet at Davos. Modi highlighted climate change, terrorism and protectionism as the three major global challenges, and expressed confidence that they can be tackled with collective effort. Headquartered in Cologny, the WEF also has offices in New York, Beijing and Tokyo. On October 10, 2016, the Forum announced the opening of its new Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco. According to the Forum, the center will \"\"serve as a platform for interaction, insight and impact on the scientific and technological changes that are changing the way we live, work and relate to one another\"\". The World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729510", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nChina was present at the alpine resort. With the backdrop of Brexit, an incoming protectionist US administration and significant pressures on free trade zones and trade agreements, President Xi Jinping defended the global economic scheme, and portrayed China as a responsible nation and a leader for environmental causes. He sharply rebuked the current populist movements that would introduce tariffs and hinder global commerce, warning that such protectionism could foster isolation and reduced economic opportunity. In 2018, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave the plenary speech becoming the first head of state from India to deliver the inaugural keynote for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729509", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nbeen attending the WEF since 1998. The invitation was accepted but after the January 2016 North Korean nuclear test on 6 January, the invitation was revoked, and the country's delegation was made subject to \"\"existing and possible forthcoming sanctions.\"\" Despite protests by North Korea calling the decision by the WEF managing board a \"\"sudden and irresponsible\"\" move, the WEF committee maintained the exclusion because \"\"under these circumstances there would be no opportunity for international dialogue.\"\" In 2017, the World Economic Forum in Davos attracted considerable attention when for the first time, a head of state from the People's Republic of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350691", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nMin Zhu, Paul Kagame, Queen Rania of Jordan, Dmitry Medvedev, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Kevin Rudd, Barney Frank, Kofi Annan, Werner Faymann, Leonel Fernández, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa Naoto Kan, Jean-Claude Trichet, and Zeng Peiyan. Al Gore, Bill Clinton, Bill Gates, Orrin Hatch, Bono, Paulo Coelho, and Tony Blair also are regular Davos attendees. Past attendees include Donald Trump, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Henry Kissinger, Nelson Mandela, Raymond Barre, Julian Lloyd Webber, Sandro Salsano, Wences Casares, and Yasser Arafat. In 2007, the foundation established the Annual Meeting of the New Champions (also called Summer Davos), held annually in China, alternating between Dalian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729539", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nundergone significant change. Around 150 Tibetans and Uighurs protested in Geneva and 400 Tibetans in Bern against the visit of the Chinese president for the 2017 meeting, with subsequent confrontations and arrests. In January 2000, a thousand protesters marched through the streets of Davos and smashed the window of the local McDonald's restaurant. The tight security measures around the campus of Davos have kept demonstrators from the Alpine resort, and most demonstrations were held in Zürich, Bern, or Basel. The costs of the security measures, which are shared by the foundation and the Swiss cantonal and national authorities, have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729504", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nAlps region of Switzerland. The meeting brings together some 2,500 top business leaders, international political leaders, economists, celebrities and journalists for up to four days to discuss the most pressing issues facing the world. The organization also convenes some six to eight regional meetings each year in locations across Africa, East Asia and Latin America, and holds two further annual meetings in China, India and the United Arab Emirates. Beside meetings, the organization provides a platform for leaders from all stakeholder groups from around the world – business, government and civil society – to come together. It also produces a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20083167", "chunk_text": "\"World Business Forum\"\nWorld Business Forum The World Business Forum is an annual global business summit held in New York City. A 2008 Burson-Marsteller survey ranked the forum among the world's top five most influential venues for C-Suite executives. The event is organized by WOBI, an executive education and management content firm. The yearly summit brings together over 5,000 attendees, consisting mostly of senior executives, from over 60 countries to hear the debate and discussions of top political and business leaders as well as renowned intellectuals about the current issues and challenges of the world business environment and global economy. The World Business", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350692", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nand Tianjin, bringing together 1,500 participants from what the foundation calls Global Growth Companies, primarily from rapidly growing emerging countries such as China, India, Russia, Mexico, and Brazil, but also including quickly growing companies from developed countries. The meeting also engages with the next generation of global leaders from fast-growing regions and competitive cities, as well as technology pioneers from around the globe. The Chinese Premier has delivered a plenary address at each annual meeting. Every year regional meetings take place, enabling close contact among corporate business leaders, local government leaders, and NGOs. Meetings are held in Africa, East Asia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350693", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nLatin America, and the Middle East. The mix of hosting countries varies from year to year, but consistently China and India have hosted throughout the decade since 2000. The group's Forum of Young Global Leaders consists of 800 people chosen by the forum organizers as being representative of contemporary leadership, \"\"coming from all regions of the world and representing all stakeholders in society\"\", according to the organization. After five years of participation they are considered alumni. Since 2000, the WEF has been promoting models developed by those in close collaboration with the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, highlighting social entrepreneurship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729513", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\ninclude: Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, H.M. Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, Mukesh Ambani, Marc Benioff, Mark Carney, Orit Gadiesh, Al Gore, Herman Gref, Angel Gurría, André Hoffmann, Jim Yong Kim, Christine Lagarde, Ursula von der Leyen, Yo-Yo Ma, Peter Maurer, Luis Alberto Moreno, Indra Nooyi, L. Rafael Reif, Jim Hagemann Snabe, Heizo Takenaka, and Min Zhu. The Managing Board is chaired by the Forum's President, Børge Brende, and acts as the executive body of the World Economic Forum. Managing Board members are W. Lee Howell, Jeremy Jurgens, Cheryl Martin, Adrian Monck, Philipp Rösler, Richard Samans, Olivier Schwab, Murat Sönmez and Alois", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350704", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nwas held in Dubai in November 2017, when there were 35 distinct councils focused on a specific issue, industry or technology. In 2017 members met with representatives and partners of the Forum's new Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Ideas and proposals are taken forward for further discussion at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos-Klosters in January. The Technology Pioneers Programme recognizes companies that are designing and developing new technologies. The award is given to 30–50 companies each year. Since 2000, Technology Pioneers have consisted of more than 400 companies from 5 continents. The Tech Pioneers are integrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350702", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nthe reduction of carbon emissions in China and other large industrial nations. On 19 January 2017 the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), a global initiative to fight epidemics, was launched at the forum in Davos. The internationally funded initiative aims at securing vaccine supplies for global emergencies and pandemics, and to research new vaccines for tropical diseases, that are now more menacing. The project is funded by private and governmental donors, with an initial investment of US$460m from the governments of Germany, Japan and Norway, plus the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust. Also in 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350688", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nproblems and their possible solutions). The town is small enough to allow participants to meet anywhere outside the sessions and allows them the greatest opportunities to attend receptions organized by companies and countries. The participants are also taking part in role playing events, such as the Investment Heat Map. Informal winter meetings may have led to as many ideas and solutions as the official sessions. At the 2018 annual meeting, more than 3,000 participants from nearly 110 countries participated in over 400 sessions. Participation included more than 340 public figures, including more than 70 heads of state and government and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11180414", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum in Baku\"\nWorld Economic Forum in Baku World Economic Forum in Baku – was held in Baku (Azerbaijan) on April 7-8, 2013. “Strategic dialogue on the future of the South Caucasus and Central Asia” was the theme of the forum. More than 200 representatives of business sphere, administration and civil organizations took part at the forum. General agreement about holding of the World Economic Forum in Baku was signed on January 23, 2013 in Swiss Davos, during the meeting of Ilham Aliyev, the President of Azerbaijani Republic and Klaus Schwab, executive chairman of the World Economic Forum. Discussion of issues on development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729505", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nseries of research reports and engages its members in sector-specific initiatives. There have been many other international conferences nicknamed with \"\"Davos\"\". However, the World Economic Forum objected the use of \"\"Davos\"\" in such contexts for any event not organised by them. This particular statement was issued on 22 October 2018, a day before the opening of 2018 Future Investment Initiative (nicknamed \"\"Davos in the desert\"\") organised by the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia. The WEF was founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab, a German-born business professor at the University of Geneva. First named the \"\"European Management Forum\"\", it changed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594877", "chunk_text": "\"16th World Economic Forum on Africa\"\n16th World Economic Forum on Africa The 16th World Economic Forum on Africa: Going for Growth was a World Economic Forum economic summit meeting held in Cape Town, South Africa, from May 31 to June 2, 2006. The summit was attended by some 650 political and business leaders from 39 countries, focusing particularly on rapidly increasing African commodity prices. It also examined issues relating to the promotion of investment, improving world opinion, combating hunger, sustainable development, and offer specific initiatives to address these and other economic issues facing part of or the entire continent. Among the prominent participants were: In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350712", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nthe intellectual agenda for the meeting) have been convicted of serious criminal, civil, or human rights violations, raising significant issues about the forum's legitimacy as a neutral convener on certain topics. The Public Eye Awards have been held every year since 2000. It is a counter-event to the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos. Public Eye Awards is a public competition of the worst corporations in the world. In 2011, more than 50,000 people voted for companies that acted irresponsibly. At a ceremony at a Davos hotel, the \"\"winners\"\" in 2011 were named as Indonesian palm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350715", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nof the people. John Fonte of the Hudson Institute has suggested that the transnational ideology of \"\"Davos Man\"\" represents a major challenge to Francis Fukuyama's assertion that liberal democracy represents the fulfillment of \"\"The End of History and the Last Man\"\". Since 2011, the World Economic Forum has been addressing its very own gender quota, to introduce at least one woman for every five senior executives that attended. With apparent success, female participation increased slightly from 9% to 15% between 2001 and 2005. In 2016, 18% of the WEF attendees were female; this number increased to 21% in 2017. Hernando", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12158663", "chunk_text": "\"World Investment Forum\"\nin Doha, Qatar, alongside the thirteenth UNCTAD Ministerial Conference, in April 2012. The event addressed the investment challenges and opportunities arising from emerging global economic governance structures and contributed to the development of policy options and partnerships for promoting sustainable investment to foster inclusive growth. Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and crisis-related unrest, notably in the Arab region, the WIF 2012 explored how international investment could be made more inclusive and contribute to addressing some of the perceived causes of economic and social unrest, such as unemployment. Participants debated ways in which governments could attract international investors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350690", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\n(although that would also get you a little holographic sticker to add to your badge), or a senior journalist. An orange badge means you're just a run-of-the-mill working journalist.\"\" All plenary debates from the annual meeting also are available on YouTube, with photographs at Flickr, In 2011, some 250 public figures (heads of state or government, cabinet ministers, ambassadors, heads or senior officials of international organizations) attended the annual meeting, including: Felipe Calderón, Robert B. Zoellick, Álvaro Uribe Vélez, Nicolas Sarkozy, Ban Ki-moon, Angela Merkel, Oommen Chandy, N. Chandrababu Naidu, Ferenc Gyurcsány, François Fillon, Morgan Tsvangirai, Gordon Brown, David Cameron,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350701", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\n(PACI) was launched by CEOs from the Engineering and Construction, Energy and Metals, and Mining industries at the annual meeting in Davos during January 2004. PACI is a platform for peer exchange on practical experience and dilemma situations. Approximately 140 companies have joined the initiative. The Environment and Natural Resource Security Initiative was emphasized for the 2017 meeting to achieve inclusive economic growth and sustainable practices for global industries. With increasing limitations on world trade through national interests and trade barriers, the WEF has moved towards a more sensitive and socially minded approach for global businesses with a focus on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15659442", "chunk_text": "\"Chetna Sinha\"\naverage annual income of rural women after they’ve taken business development classes at the school. Chetna Sinha and six other women chaired the 48th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland, on 23–26 January 2018. The exclusive women's team included: Sharan Burrow, general-secretary, International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), Belgium; Fabiola Gianotti, director-general, European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Isabelle Kocher, CEO, ENGIE, France; Christine Lagarde, managing director, International Monetary Fund, Washington DC; Ginni Rometty, chairman, president and chief executive officer, IBM Corporation, US; and Erna Solberg, Prime Minister of Norway. She is an Ashoka fellow.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11180416", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum in Baku\"\nAsia was carried out during the forum. According to the results, 62,3% of participants voted for integration of regions, 22% for fragmentation and 15,7% for polarization. On April 7, 2013, the first day of the forum, a seminar called “Media and communication with public for a global youth project” was held. Paulette Hebert – representative of “Around the Rings” sport portal in the Near East and Ed Hula – editor and founder of “Around the Rings” spoke in the seminar. World Economic Forum in Baku World Economic Forum in Baku – was held in Baku (Azerbaijan) on April 7-8, 2013.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9941647", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Bloomberg\"\n20, 2017. The event was held during the annual meeting of the United Nations General Assembly and featured international CEOs and heads of state. The forum \"\"took place during the elite space once held by the Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting,\"\" and former President Bill Clinton served as the first speaker. The mission of the event was to discuss \"\"opportunities for advancing trade and economic growth, and the related societal challenges...\"\" In addition to Clinton and Bloomberg, speakers included Microsoft co-founder and philanthropist Bill Gates, Apple CEO Tim Cook, World Bank President Jim Kim, IMF head Christine Lagarde, Canadian Prime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "469207", "chunk_text": "\"Jeddah Economic Forum\"\nAmr Dabbagh. The forum has invited famous speakers at the event such as George H. W. Bush, John Major, Bill Clinton, Gerhard Schroeder the former German chancellor, Madeleine Albright, Al-Waleed bin Talal, Queen Rania of Jordan, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Prime Minister of Turkey, Rafik Hariri Post Prime Minister of Lebanon, Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister of Malaysia, and Lubna Olayan, Hillary Clinton, Klaus Schwab, Hayat Sindi and Princess Victoria Ingrid. Announced for 18/19 March 2018 Jeddah Economic Forum Jeddah Economic Forum (JEF) (Arabic: منتدى جدة الإقتصادي) is a forum held annually since 1999 during winter in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350708", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\ndisrupted the World Economic Forum in Melbourne, obstructing the path of two hundred delegates to the meeting. Repeatedly, demonstrations are held in Davos \"\"(see Anti-WEF protests in Switzerland, January 2003)\"\" to protest against what have been called the meetings of \"\"fat cats in the snow\"\", a tongue-in-cheek term used by rock singer Bono. After 2014, the protest movement against the World Economic Forum has largely died down, and Swiss police noted a significant decline in attending protesters, 20 at most during the meeting in 2016. While protesters are still more numerous in large Swiss cities, the protest movement itself has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18739421", "chunk_text": "\"The New York Forum\"\nincluded Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, businessman Ricardo Salinas or IMF director Christine Lagarde. The New York Forum has built its own economic think-tank, The New York Forum Institute, created for \"\"testing, exploring and sharing ways to rebuild confidence and credibility, and to reinvigorate the economy\"\". The two main topics of the 2014 discussions were 'Is technology killing jobs?' and 'What will be the economic impact of climate change?'. From June 8 to 10, 2012, the first edition of The New York Forum AFRICA was held in Libreville, Gabon. Many personalities such as Robert De", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16977355", "chunk_text": "\"Yalta International Economic Forum\"\ntransforming the single event into an annual one by a following decision. In the year 2017, 2200 participants from 46 countries had visited the event. Followed by 2018 which is excepted to have over 3000 participants from more than 60 countries. One of the topics in 2018 were crypto currencies. Yalta International Economic Forum The Yalta International Economic Forum (shortened as YIEF) is an annual business event held in Yalta on the Crimea Peninsula since 2015. It is considered the fourth largest Russian economic forum, after the Petersburg International Economic Forum, the Eastern Economic Forum and the Sochi Investment Forum.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "358317", "chunk_text": "\"International Economic Forum of the Americas\"\naddress the major governance challenges of the new world economic order, focusing on the central role of the Americas and in the global market. The Forum was held in Palm Beach, Florida, for its first four editions. The subsequent editions, as of 2015, are held in Miami, Florida. The Conference of Paris is the most recent annual event presented by the International Economic Forum of the Americas, since 2017. The International Economic Forum of the Americas – The Conference of Paris is gathering major international stakeholders in Paris to discuss and reassess globalization with a particular focus on the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350710", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\ncriticized in the Swiss national media. Since the annual meeting in January 2003 in Davos, an \"\"Open Forum Davos\"\", co-organized by the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches, is held concurrently with the Davos forum, opening up the debate about globalization to the general public. The Open Forum has been held in the local high school every year, featuring top politicians and business leaders. It is open to all members of the public free of charge. The annual meeting of the forum also has been decried as a \"\"mix of pomp and platitude\"\" and criticized for moving away from serious economics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729508", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\n1988 by Greece and Turkey, helping them turn back from the brink of war. In 1992, South African President F. W. de Klerk met with Nelson Mandela and Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi at the annual meeting, their first joint appearance outside South Africa. At the 1994 annual meeting, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat reached a draft agreement on Gaza and Jericho. In late 2015, the invitation was extended to include a North Korean delegation for the 2016 forum, \"\"in view of positive signs coming out of the country,\"\" the WEF organizers noted. North Korea has not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19652822", "chunk_text": "\"16th World Economic Forum on Africa\"\naddition to examining the impact of the expanding Chinese and Indian economies on the rise of commodity prices in Africa, the summit addressed several specific economic, developmental, and financial initiatives: 16th World Economic Forum on Africa The 16th World Economic Forum on Africa: Going for Growth was a World Economic Forum economic summit meeting held in Cape Town, South Africa, from May 31 to June 2, 2006. The summit was attended by some 650 political and business leaders from 39 countries, focusing particularly on rapidly increasing African commodity prices. It also examined issues relating to the promotion of investment, improving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6885170", "chunk_text": "\"World Strategic Forum\"\nWorld Strategic Forum The World Strategic Forum is an annual economic event organized by the International Economic Forum of the Americas since 2011. The World Strategic Forum is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to address the major governance challenges and to foster dialogues on national and global issues by bringing together heads of state, the private sector, international organizations and civil society. It also attempts to foster exchanges of information, to promote free discussion on major current economic issues and facilitate meetings between world leaders. The Forum brings together more than 1,400 people from across the globe, every year.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350699", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nin 2003, brought together international IT companies and governments in Jordan, Egypt, and India that has resulted in new personal computer hardware being available in their classrooms and more local teachers trained in e-learning. This is having a significant effect on the lives of children. The GEI model, which is scalable and sustainable, now is being used as an educational blueprint in other countries including Rwanda. The Environmental Initiative covers climate change and water issues. Under the Gleneagles Dialogue on Climate Change, the U.K. government asked the World Economic Forum at the G8 Summit in Gleneagles in 2005 to facilitate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "257522", "chunk_text": "\"World Investment Forum\"\nbusinesses that have benefited from the business development services of the Empretec programme (an UNCTAD programme for the promotion of entrepreneurship that operates in 33 developing countries). The next World Investment Forum will take place in the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, from the 13–16 October 2014. The forum aims to be the biggest yet with a greater number of events spread over more days. Registration is now open on the WIF website and updates are available by following UNCTAD Investment on Twitter. World Investment Forum The biennial World Investment Forum (WIF) is organized by the United Nations Conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350713", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\noil diesel maker, Neste Oil in Finland, and mining company AngloGold Ashanti in South Africa. According to Schweiz aktuell broadcast on 16 January 2015, a public presence during the WEF 2015, may not be guaranteed because the massively increased security in Davos. The Public Eye Award will be awarded for the last time in Davos: \"\"Public Eyes says Goodbye to Davos\"\", confirmed by Rolf Marugg (now \"\"Landrats\"\" politician), by not directly engaged politicians, and by the police responsible. \"\"Davos Man\"\" is a neologism referring to the global elite of wealthy (predominantly) men, whose members view themselves as completely \"\"international\"\". Davos", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12897288", "chunk_text": "\"St. Petersburg International Economic Forum\"\nSt. Petersburg International Economic Forum was held on June 1–3, 2017. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the Forum as the Guest of Honour, and also addressed the Forum. This was the first time that an Indian Prime Minister had attended the Forum. also attending was the President of Moldova Igor Dodon, and the Chancellor of Austria Christian Kern. The XXII St. Petersburg International Economic Forum was held on May 25-26, 2018. Attending was the President of France Emmanuel Macron, Chinese Vice President Wang Qishan, and the Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe. The Organizing Committee of the Forum was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17526606", "chunk_text": "\"Future Investment Initiative\"\npart of the summit. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon, Ford Executive Chairman Bill Ford, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink and The Blackstone Group CEO Stephen Schwarzman have also withdrawn from the conference, as has US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin. Future Investment Initiative The Future Investment Initiative (FII), also known as \"\"Davos in the Desert\"\", is an annual investment forum held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to discuss trends in the world economy and investment environment. It is hosted by the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia (PIF). The first event was in October 2017 and featured the announcements of the launch of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7729507", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nmanagement approach, which attributed corporate success to managers actively taking account of all interests: not merely shareholders, clients, and customers, but also employees and the communities within which the firm is situated, including governments. Events in 1973, including the collapse of the Bretton Woods fixed-exchange rate mechanism and the Arab–Israeli War, saw the annual meeting expand its focus from management to economic and social issues, and, for the first time, political leaders were invited to the annual meeting in January 1974. Political leaders soon began to use the annual meeting as a neutral platform. The \"\"Davos Declaration\"\" was signed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4586002", "chunk_text": "\"Bloomberg Global Business Forum\"\nJames. Heads of state and global organization speakers included French President Emmanuel Macron, IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde, former Joint Chiefs chair Adm. Mike Mullen, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and World Bank Group president Jim Kim. In March 2018, speaking to the European Commission at the EU Sustainable Finance Day, French President Macron announced that he would be moving the next meeting of his One Planet Summit against climate change to New York to coordinate with the 2018 Global Business Forum, to be held September 26, 2018. Bloomberg Global Business Forum The Bloomberg Global", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16289342", "chunk_text": "\"Tent Foundation\"\nthe public sector, and taking individual action to make a difference in the refugee crisis. The Tent Partnership was launched in 2016 at the World Economic Forum in Davos to leverage the dynamism and entrepreneurial spirit of the private sector to help the millions displaced around the world in new and effective ways. The inaugural members of the Tent Alliance included Airbnb, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Chobani, Henry Schein, the IKEA Foundation, Johnson & Johnson, LinkedIn, MasterCard, Pearson, UPS, and Western Union. In the time since, this group of businesses has grown to more than 80 companies, which now includes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6428995", "chunk_text": "\"World Social Forum\"\nJanuary at the same time as its \"\"great capitalist rival\"\", the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland. This date is consciously picked to promote alternative answers to world economic problems in opposition to the World Economic Forum. This Charter was approved and adopted in São Paulo, Brazil on April 9, 2001, by the organizations that make up the World Social Forum Organizing Committee, and approved with modifications by the World Social Forum International Council on June 10, 2001. 1) The World Social Forum is an open meeting place for reflective thinking, democratic debate of ideas, formulation of proposals,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17889057", "chunk_text": "\"World Resources Forum\"\ncities and buildings. The meeting report was published in 2016. World Resources Forum 2015 was held in Davos, Switzerland, from 11–14 October 2015, and had over 600 participants coming from 108 countries. Discussed topics included Circular Economy and Decoupling; technological innovation, business and finance; targets, indicators, and benchmarks for resource use as well as lifestyles and education. One of the main outcomes of the conference was that there is a strong need for reliable and comprehensive indicators and benchmarks that could produce meaningful data to set targets and goals for policymakers in the field of resource management. The meeting report", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15659438", "chunk_text": "\"Chetna Sinha\"\nChetna Sinha Chetna Gala Sinha is an Indian social activist working to empower women in drought prone areas of rural India by teaching entrepreneurial skills and providing them access to land and other means of production. Chetna Sinha and six other women chaired the 48th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland, on 23–26 January 2018. Born in Mumbai, she earned her master's degree in Commerce and Economics at Mumbai University in 1982. Sinha grew up in Mumbai in the ’70s and ’80s in the heyday of political activism. While in college—she did her BCom and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350707", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nof unregulated markets and corporate activities to one of moral pathologies, individual greed, etc. In doing so he is actually promoting the creation of new markets, and hence perpetuating the same old problems in a new guise. New markets will follow the same patterns as the old ones because the core problem of corporate governance is never addressed. During the late 1990s the foundation, along with the G7, World Bank, World Trade Organization, and International Monetary Fund, came under heavy criticism by anti-globalization activists who claimed that capitalism and globalization were increasing poverty and destroying the environment. Ten thousand demonstrators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350695", "chunk_text": "\"World Economic Forum\"\nfor future leadership roles in society. The proposal was led by the executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, Professor Klaus Schwab. The Community of Global Shapers, highlighting Global Shapers, is a network of self-organizing local hubs based in each major city around the world. They undertake events and activities intended by the Global Shapers to generate a positive impact within their local community. As of 3 September 2018 there are 370 Hubs with 7,276 Shapers in 181 countries. Hubs undertake events and activities that generate a positive impact within their local community. The community is vitalized by the manifold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14327308", "chunk_text": "\"World Investment Forum\"\nWorld Investment Forum The biennial World Investment Forum (WIF) is organized by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) to promote investment for sustainable development and facilitate policy dialogue among a diverse community of investment stakeholders. The forum brings together policymakers, including Heads of State and Government, Ministers and other government officials responsible for investment; representatives from the private sector, including CEOs; international organisations working in the area of sustainable development and poverty reduction; thought leaders from academia and research institutions; and other members of the international investment community, including treaty negotiators, investment promotion and location experts, heads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15480504", "chunk_text": "\"World Urban Forum\"\nWorld Urban Forum The World Urban Forum (WUF) is the world’s premier conference on urban issues. It was established in 2001 by the United Nations to examine one of the most pressing issues facing the world today: rapid urbanisation and its impact on communities, cities, economies, climate change and policies. The World Urban Forum is organised and run by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme. The first World Urban Forum was held in Nairobi, Kenya in 2002 and has been held around the world ever since, most recently in Medellin, Colombia in April 2014. The next World Urban Forum will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_741	where are the giant redwoods located in california?	n/a	[ "Humboldt County", "Del Norte County", "the coast of northern California" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10224258", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood Mountain Grove\"\nRedwood Mountain Grove Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") trees on earth. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Giant Sequoia National Monument on the western slope of California's Sierra Nevada. The grove contains the world's tallest giant sequoia (). The Hart Tree and Roosevelt Tree grow in the grove and are two of the 25 largest trees by volume in the world. The largest tree is the General Sherman Tree in the Giant Forest grove to the southeast. The Redwood Mountain Grove contains the most giant sequoia trees within its area.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12941234", "chunk_text": "Sequoioideae\nSequoioideae Sequoioideae (redwoods) is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae. It is most common in the coastal forests of Northern California. The three redwood subfamily genera are \"\"Sequoia\"\" and \"\"Sequoiadendron\"\" of California and Oregon, United States; and \"\"Metasequoia\"\" in China. The redwood species contains the largest and tallest trees in the world. These trees can live thousands of years. This is an endangered subfamily due to habitat losses from fire ecology suppression, logging, and air pollution. Other threats to its existence include: climate change, illegal marijuana cultivation, and burl poaching. Only two of the genera, \"\"Sequoia\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5818893", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood Mountain Grove\"\nthe areas burned. They highlighted the effects fires have on the many trees, other natural life, and wilderness of the Redwood Mountain Grove and its surroundings. Some of the significant trees found in the grove include: Redwood Mountain Grove Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") trees on earth. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Giant Sequoia National Monument on the western slope of California's Sierra Nevada. The grove contains the world's tallest giant sequoia (). The Hart Tree and Roosevelt Tree grow in the grove and are two of the 25", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9345643", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood National and State Parks\"\nRedwood National and State Parks The Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) are a complex of several state and national parks located in the United States, along the coast of northern California. Comprising Redwood National Park (established 1968) and California's Del Norte Coast, Jedediah Smith, and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Parks (dating from the 1920s), the combined RNSP contain , and feature old-growth temperate rainforests. Located entirely within Del Norte and Humboldt Counties, the four parks, together, protect 45% of all remaining coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") old-growth forests, totaling at least . These trees are the tallest and one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14991836", "chunk_text": "\"Giant Forest\"\nGiant Forest The Giant Forest, famed for its giant sequoia trees, is within the United States' Sequoia National Park. This montane forest, situated at over above mean sea level in the western Sierra Nevada of California, covers an area of . The Giant Forest is the most accessible of all giant sequoia groves, as it has over of hiking trails. Five of the ten most massive trees on the planet are located within the Giant Forest. The largest of these, the General Sherman tree, measures across the base. The giant sequoia tree is the most massive species of tree on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18312282", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of California\"\nGeography of California California is a U.S. state on the western coast of North America. Covering an area of , California is geographically diverse. The Sierra Nevada, the fertile farmlands of the Central Valley, and the arid Mojave Desert of the south are some of the major geographic features of this U.S. state. It is home to some of the world's most exceptional trees: the tallest (coast redwood), most massive (Giant Sequoia), and oldest (bristlecone pine). It is also home to both the highest (Mount Whitney) and lowest (Death Valley) points in the 48 contiguous states. The state is generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7915823", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\nredwood are paternally inherited. Coast redwoods occupy a narrow strip of land approximately in length and in width along the Pacific coast of North America; the most southerly grove is in Monterey County, California, and the most northerly groves are in extreme southwestern Oregon. The prevailing elevation range is above sea level, occasionally down to 0 and up to 3,000 ft (about 920 m). They usually grow in the mountains where precipitation from the incoming moisture off the ocean is greater. The tallest and oldest trees are found in deep valleys and gullies, where year-round streams can flow, and fog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12271196", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\nSequoiadendron giganteum Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia; also known as giant redwood, Sierra redwood, Sierran redwood, Wellingtonia or simply Big Treea nickname used by John Muir) is the sole living species in the genus \"\"Sequoiadendron\"\", and one of three species of coniferous trees known as redwoods, classified in the family Cupressaceae in the subfamily Sequoioideae, together with \"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\" (coast redwood) and \"\"Metasequoia glyptostroboides\"\" (dawn redwood). Giant sequoia specimens are the most massive trees on Earth. The common use of the name \"\"sequoia\"\" generally refers to \"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\", which occurs naturally only in groves on the western slopes of the Sierra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4741109", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoia National Forest\"\ndrug cartels. Sequoia National Forest Sequoia National Forest is located in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains of California. The U.S. National Forest is named for the majestic Giant Sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") trees which populate 38 distinct groves within the boundaries of the forest. The Giant Sequoia National Monument is located in the national forest. Other notable features include glacier-carved landscapes and impressive granite monoliths. The Needles are a series of granite spires atop a narrow ridge above the Kern River. Forest headquarters are located in Porterville, California. There are local ranger district offices in Dunlap, Kernville, Lake Isabella, and Springville.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8698832", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood National and State Parks\"\nThe native range of coast redwood is from the northern California coast north to the southern Oregon Coast. The tree is closely related to the giant sequoia of central California, and more distantly to the dawn redwood which is indigenous to the Sichuan–Hubei region of China. Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; as of September 2006, the tallest tree in the park was Hyperion at , followed by Helios and Icarus which were and respectively. Before September 2006, the tallest living specimen known was the Stratosphere Giant, outside the park in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, which was in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7915825", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\nRedwood National and State Parks (Del Norte and Humboldt Counties) and Humboldt Redwoods State Park (Humboldt County, California), with the majority located in the much larger Humboldt County. The southern boundary of its range is the Los Padres National Forest's Silver Peak Wilderness in the Santa Lucia Mountains of the Big Sur area of Monterey County, California. The southernmost grove is in the Southern Redwood Botanical Area, just north of the national forest's Salmon Creek trailhead. The southernmost grove can be seen from California Highway 1 at the approximate coordinates 35°49'42 N 121°23'14 W. The prehistoric fossil range of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724350", "chunk_text": "\"General Sherman (tree)\"\nGeneral Sherman (tree) General Sherman is a giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") tree located in the Giant Forest of Sequoia National Park in Tulare County, in the U.S. state of California. By volume, it is the largest known living single-stem tree on Earth. While the General Sherman is the largest currently living tree, it is not the largest historically-recorded tree. The Crannell Creek Giant, a coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") near Trinidad, California, is estimated to have been 15 to 25% larger than the General Sherman tree by volume. That tree was cut down in the mid-1940s. Another larger coast redwood, near", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13665225", "chunk_text": "\"Roosevelt (tree)\"\n21st largest giant sequoia. Roosevelt (tree) The Roosevelt tree is the largest giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") in Redwood Mountain Grove, which is itself the largest grove of giant sequoias on Earth, which are endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Sequoia National Forest, at . The tallest giant sequoia on earth () is also located in this grove, along with the Hart tree which is just smaller than the Roosevelt tree. The Hart tree is tall, with a volume of . The Roosevelt tree, however, has a volume of around .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3469603", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood National and State Parks\"\nthe most massive tree species on Earth. In addition to the redwood forests, the parks preserve other indigenous flora, fauna, grassland prairie, cultural resources, portions of rivers and other streams, and of pristine coastline. In 1850, old-growth redwood forest covered more than of the California coast. The northern portion of that area, originally inhabited by Native Americans, attracted many lumbermen and others turned gold miners when a minor gold rush brought them to the region. Failing in efforts to strike it rich in gold, these men turned toward harvesting the giant trees for booming development in San Francisco and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13665224", "chunk_text": "\"Roosevelt (tree)\"\nRoosevelt (tree) The Roosevelt tree is the largest giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") in Redwood Mountain Grove, which is itself the largest grove of giant sequoias on Earth, which are endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Sequoia National Forest, at . The tallest giant sequoia on earth () is also located in this grove, along with the Hart tree which is just smaller than the Roosevelt tree. The Hart tree is tall, with a volume of . The Roosevelt tree, however, has a volume of around . The tree is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044720", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoia National Forest\"\nSequoia National Forest Sequoia National Forest is located in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains of California. The U.S. National Forest is named for the majestic Giant Sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") trees which populate 38 distinct groves within the boundaries of the forest. The Giant Sequoia National Monument is located in the national forest. Other notable features include glacier-carved landscapes and impressive granite monoliths. The Needles are a series of granite spires atop a narrow ridge above the Kern River. Forest headquarters are located in Porterville, California. There are local ranger district offices in Dunlap, Kernville, Lake Isabella, and Springville. The Sequoia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477298", "chunk_text": "\"Humboldt Redwoods State Park\"\nHumboldt Redwoods State Park Humboldt Redwoods State Park is a state park of California, United States, containing Rockefeller Forest, the world's largest remaining contiguous old-growth forest of coast redwoods. It is located south of Eureka, California, near Weott in southern Humboldt County, within Northern California, named after the great nineteenth-century scientist, Alexander von Humboldt. The park was established by the Save the Redwoods League in 1921 largely from lands purchased from the Pacific Lumber Company. Beginning with the dedication of the Raynal Bolling Memorial Grove, it has grown to become the third-largest park in the California State Park system, now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52758", "chunk_text": "\"Ecology of California\"\nand mountains are in the rain shadow of the Cascade Range, and hence are drier and more open. The coast of California north of San Francisco contains the Northern California coastal forests (as defined by the WWF) and the southern section of the Coast Range ecoregion (as defined by the EPA). This ecoregion is dominated by redwood forest, containing the tallest and some of the oldest trees in the world. The redwood forests thrive in a thin belt up to wide next to the coast, where the trees are kept moist by winter rains and summer fog. The redwood forests", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4232827", "chunk_text": "\"Ishi Giant\"\nand stands at a height of . It has a volume of 1,110 cubic meters which ranks it as the 13th largest giant sequoia on earth and 15th largest tree of all (due to the fact a coast redwood named Lost Monarch is larger, with a volume of 1,203 cubic meters). Ishi Giant Ishi Giant, is a giant sequoia in California, United States. It is located in Kennedy Grove, which is part of a group of eight closely spaced giant sequoia groves situated in Sequoia National Forest in the Sierra Nevada in eastern central California. Ishi Giant was only found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14014186", "chunk_text": "\"Northern California\"\nNorthern California Northern California (colloquially known as NorCal) is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area (anchored by the cities of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland), the Greater Sacramento area (anchored by the state capital Sacramento), and the Metropolitan Fresno area (anchored by the city of Fresno). Northern California also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada, including Yosemite Valley and part of Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3288551", "chunk_text": "\"Giant Forest\"\nGenerals' Highway connects Giant Forest to Kings Canyon National Park and the General Grant Grove, home to the General Grant tree among other giant sequoias. Some of the trees found in the grove that are worthy of special note are: Giant Forest The Giant Forest, famed for its giant sequoia trees, is within the United States' Sequoia National Park. This montane forest, situated at over above mean sea level in the western Sierra Nevada of California, covers an area of . The Giant Forest is the most accessible of all giant sequoia groves, as it has over of hiking trails.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16286482", "chunk_text": "\"Hart (tree)\"\n1880. Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of Giant sequoias in the world, and is the location of the tallest one of the species on earth at (unnamed). Hart (tree) The Hart tree is a named Giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") tree within the Redwood Mountain Grove, in the Sierra Nevada and Fresno County, California. The Redwood Mountain Grove is protected within Kings Canyon National Park and the Giant Sequoia National Monument. It was once claimed to be the fourth largest Giant sequoia in the world, but is now considered the 24th largest. Its has a volume of around .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9186750", "chunk_text": "\"Muir Woods National Monument\"\nthroughout the United States. Today, the \"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\" can be found only in a narrow, cool coastal belt from Monterey County, California, in the south to Oregon in the north. Before the logging industry came to California, there were an estimated 2 million acres (8,000 km) of old growth forest containing redwoods growing in a narrow strip along the coast. By the early 20th century, most of these forests had been cut down. Just north of the San Francisco Bay, one valley named Redwood Canyon remained uncut, mainly due to its relative inaccessibility. This was noticed by William Kent, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "482721", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood Regional Park\"\nRedwood Regional Park Redwood Regional Park is a part of the East Bay Regional Parks District (EBRPD) in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is located in the hills east of Oakland. The park contains the largest remaining natural stand of coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") found in the East Bay. The park is part of a historical belt of coast redwood extending south to Leona Canyon Regional Open Space Preserve and east to Moraga. Redwood forests are more commonly found closer to the coast where the air is cool and humid year-round. In the Bay Area, such forests are found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10136711", "chunk_text": "\"Hyperion (tree)\"\nreport it to be roughly 700–800 years old. The exact location of Hyperion is kept in secret to prevent visitors and protect the tree from damage. Researchers stated that woodpecker damage at the top may have prevented the tree from growing taller. In February 2012, Hyperion was featured in the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"\"James and the Giant Redwoods\"\" by James Aldred. Hyperion (tree) Hyperion is the name of a coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") in California that was measured at , which ranks it as the world's tallest known living tree. Hyperion was discovered August 25, 2006, by naturalists Chris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4377750", "chunk_text": "\"Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve\"\nArmstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve is a state park of California in the United States established to preserve of coast redwoods (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\"). The reserve is located in Sonoma County, just north of Guerneville. The reserve is in a temperate rainforest. The climate is mild and wet. The park receives an average of of rainfall per year, almost all between September and June. Abundant fog during the summer months helps to maintain the moist conditions required by the coast redwoods. The Parson Jones Tree is the tallest tree in the grove, measuring more than in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12095841", "chunk_text": "\"North Coast (California)\"\nLost Coast, and is only accessible by a few back roads. Notable seaside beaches can be found at Marin Headlands and Point Reyes National Seashore in the south, with innumerable examples of remote or less used beaches north of the San Francisco Bay area. The grandeur of the redwoods can be experienced throughout the region, from the protected groves of Muir Woods National Monument and Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve in the south to the massive forests of Humboldt Redwoods State Park along the Avenue of the Giants in the north. Redwoods are also found in many other State and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418347", "chunk_text": "\"Giant Sequoia National Monument\"\nGiant Sequoia National Monument The Giant Sequoia National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in the southern Sierra Nevada in eastern central California. It is administered by the U.S. Forest Service as part of the Sequoia National Forest and includes 38 of the 39 Giant Sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") groves that are located in the Sequoia National Forest, about half of the sequoia groves currently in existence, including one of the ten largest Giant Sequoias, the Boole Tree, which is 269 feet (82 m) high with a base circumference of 112 feet (38 m). The forest covers 824 square miles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10754182", "chunk_text": "\"Hart (tree)\"\nHart (tree) The Hart tree is a named Giant sequoia (\"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\") tree within the Redwood Mountain Grove, in the Sierra Nevada and Fresno County, California. The Redwood Mountain Grove is protected within Kings Canyon National Park and the Giant Sequoia National Monument. It was once claimed to be the fourth largest Giant sequoia in the world, but is now considered the 24th largest. Its has a volume of around . The nearby Roosevelt tree is the largest tree in the grove, with a volume of over . The tree was named for Michael Hart, who discovered it sometime around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12180362", "chunk_text": "\"California Floristic Province\"\nCalifornia Floristic Province The California Floristic Province (CFP) is a floristic province with a Mediterranean-type climate located on the Pacific Coast of North America with a distinctive flora similar to other regions with a winter rainfall and summer drought climate like the Mediterranean Basin. This biodiversity hotspot is known for being the home of the Sierran giant sequoia tree and its close relative the coast redwood. In 1996, the Province was designated as a biodiversity hotspot allowing it to join ranks among 33 other areas in the world with a large number of endemic species. To be named a biodiversity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19882305", "chunk_text": "\"Lost Monarch\"\nLost Monarch Lost Monarch is the name of a Coast Redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") tree in Northern California that is in diameter at breast height (with multiple stems included), and in height. It is the world's fifth largest coast redwood in terms of wood volume (the Del Norte Titan was listed as the largest single-stem coast redwood tree, in part because the basal measurements of the Lost Monarch contain multiple stems). Lost Monarch was discovered on May 11, 1998, by Stephen C. Sillett, and naturalist Michael Taylor, and is located among other giant redwoods called \"\"The Grove of Titans\"\" in Jedediah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3469614", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood National and State Parks\"\nthe forest moon Endor in \"\"\"\" were filmed in the Tall Trees Redwood Grove in the northern part of Humboldt County, though the majority of filming was in private and public forests near the town of Smith River, California. Scenes for \"\"\"\" as well as the movie \"\"Outbreak\"\" were filmed at the nearby Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park and at Patrick's Point State Park. Redwood National Park headquarters is located in Crescent City, California, with a service office located in Arcata and an operations center located in Orick, California. Lack of money has precluded major improvements, however, and timber companies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10375521", "chunk_text": "\"Grove of Titans\"\nGrove of Titans The Grove of Titans is a redwood grove in Del Norte County, Northern California, with several massive coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") trees, some of the largest known redwoods in terms of wood volume. The largest coastal redwood tree in the grove by volume is the single-stem Del Norte Titan. The Lost Monarch is comparably large, but a large sprout from the ground at its base is not part of the main trunk structure. The Grove of Titans (unofficially named) was discovered May 11, 1998, by Stephen Sillett, and naturalist Michael Taylor in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11698645", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood Experimental Forest\"\nRedwood Experimental Forest The Redwood Experimental Forest (also Yurok Redwood Experimental Forest, formerly Yurok Experimental Forest) (established 1940) is an experimental forest in Del Norte County, California. The forest is near the mouth of the Klamath River in the California Coast Ranges of Northern California. The forest is drained by High Prairie Creek. As its name implies, the principal species in the forest is coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\"), but the site also contains Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and Port Orford cedar. The forest is managed by the United States Forest Service. Tree ages range up to 1,200 years.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3875110", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 101 in California\"\na short undivided freeway and then eventually a divided freeway just before reaching Garberville. North of Garberville, US 101 reverts to an undivided freeway, which continuing north by northwest, passes through the Humboldt Redwoods State Park, California's third largest State Park and the site of the largest remaining Redwood old growth forest in the world. A preserved portion of the original, bypassed highway route, known as the Avenue of the Giants for the huge, centuries-old redwood trees, parallels the highway for over in southern Humboldt County. US 101 again switches to another stretch of divided freeway near the town Pepperwood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13775295", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\nSequoia sempervirens Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living species of the genus \"\"Sequoia\"\" in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae). Common names include coast redwood, coastal redwood and California redwood. It is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200–1,800 years or more. This species includes the tallest living trees on Earth, reaching up to in height (without the roots) and up to in diameter at breast height (dbh). These trees are also among the oldest living things on Earth. Before commercial logging and clearing began by the 1850s, this massive tree occurred naturally in an estimated along much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18312294", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of California\"\nMountains, to the south of San Francisco. The Coast Ranges north of San Francisco become increasingly foggy and rainy. These mountains are noted for their coast redwoods, the tallest trees on earth, which live within the range of the coastal fog. California's geography is largely defined by its central feature—the Central Valley, a huge, fertile valley between the coastal mountain ranges and the Sierra Nevada. The northern part of the Central Valley is called the Sacramento Valley, after its main river, and the southern part is called the San Joaquin Valley , after its main river. The whole Central Valley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7915845", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\nannounced to the general public for fear of causing damage to the trees and the surrounding habitat. The tallest coast redwood easily accessible to the public is the Founders Tree in Humboldt Redwoods State Park, standing over 346 ft tall. A taller coast redwood is also accessible to the public in Tall Trees Grove of Redwood National Park. Sequoia sempervirens Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living species of the genus \"\"Sequoia\"\" in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae). Common names include coast redwood, coastal redwood and California redwood. It is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200–1,800 years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3650575", "chunk_text": "\"Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve\"\nwas the world's tallest known tree. It was displaced by the discovery of a number of taller trees in Humboldt Redwoods State Park and later Redwood National Park in Humboldt County. The tree is one of dozens of similar height in the grove, and was never specifically marked in order to protect the tree. Earlier well-publicized candidates for the world's tallest tree suffered damage from stresses resulting from crowds of tourists. Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve is a 1,323-acre (535 ha) state-owned park located in the Coastal Range in Mendocino County, California, United States. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5553228", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood National and State Parks\"\n2004. For many years, one specimen simply named Tall Tree in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park and within the RNSP was measured at , but the top of the tree was reported to have died in the 1990s. One tree that fell in 1991 was reported to be . Only the giant sequoia has more mass. The largest redwood by volume is the 42,500 cubic foot (1,205 m³) Lost Monarch, located in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park. Mature Coast redwoods live an average of 500–700 years and a few are documented to be 2,000 years old, making them some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4747294", "chunk_text": "\"Muir Woods National Monument\"\nMuir Woods National Monument Muir Woods National Monument is a United States National Monument managed by the National Park Service. It is located on Mount Tamalpais near the Pacific coast, in southwestern Marin County, California. It is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and is north of San Francisco. It protects , of which are old growth coast redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") forests, one of a few such stands remaining in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Muir Woods National Monument is an old-growth coastal redwood forest. Due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the forest is regularly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3705333", "chunk_text": "\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\ntop ten largest giant sequoias sorted by volume of their trunks are: Sequoiadendron giganteum Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia; also known as giant redwood, Sierra redwood, Sierran redwood, Wellingtonia or simply Big Treea nickname used by John Muir) is the sole living species in the genus \"\"Sequoiadendron\"\", and one of three species of coniferous trees known as redwoods, classified in the family Cupressaceae in the subfamily Sequoioideae, together with \"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\" (coast redwood) and \"\"Metasequoia glyptostroboides\"\" (dawn redwood). Giant sequoia specimens are the most massive trees on Earth. The common use of the name \"\"sequoia\"\" generally refers to \"\"Sequoiadendron giganteum\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9731242", "chunk_text": "\"El Palo Alto\"\nEl Palo Alto El Palo Alto () is a \"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\" (coast redwood tree) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814, its top progressively dying from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. The landmark redwood is 90 inches (2.3 meters) in diameter, and has a crown spread of 40 feet (12 meters). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1796128", "chunk_text": "\"Northern California coastal forests (WWF ecoregion)\"\nother plant communities throughout this ecoregion. The dominant forest type in this ecoregion is the coastal redwood forest. These are the tallest forests on Earth, with individual redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") trees reaching heights of . These forests are generally found in areas exposed to coastal fog. In the north, they occur on upland slopes, in riparian zones, and on riverine terraces. In the south, where annual precipitation is lower, they are constrained to coves and ravines. Coast Douglas-firs (\"\"Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii\"\") are nearly always associated with redwoods, but in the north the forests can also include Sitka spruce (\"\"Picea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2151054", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood Grove\"\nRedwood Grove The Redwood Grove of Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park, which is located in Santa Cruz County in Northern California, is a grove of Coast Redwoods with member trees extending into the 1400- to 1800-year-old range. This grove is notable because it allows for the use of self-guided tours of the flat, loop trail which is easily accessible (within of a vehicle parking lot). Dozens of large, old Redwood trees are located within a few feet of the walking trail. Coast Redwoods, (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\"), are a native tree in the deep valleys and low to middle elevations (up to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19882307", "chunk_text": "\"Lost Monarch\"\nMonarch held about of \"\"P. scouleri\"\" fern mat material. In February 2012, Lost Monarch was featured in the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"\"James and the Giant Redwoods\"\" by James Aldred. Lost Monarch Lost Monarch is the name of a Coast Redwood (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\") tree in Northern California that is in diameter at breast height (with multiple stems included), and in height. It is the world's fifth largest coast redwood in terms of wood volume (the Del Norte Titan was listed as the largest single-stem coast redwood tree, in part because the basal measurements of the Lost Monarch contain multiple stems).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4377755", "chunk_text": "\"Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve\"\nJanuary 2008 by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction program. By May 2008 a temporary reprieve was granted, but the park's future is still uncertain. Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve Armstrong Redwoods State Natural Reserve is a state park of California in the United States established to preserve of coast redwoods (\"\"Sequoia sempervirens\"\"). The reserve is located in Sonoma County, just north of Guerneville. The reserve is in a temperate rainforest. The climate is mild and wet. The park receives an average of of rainfall per year, almost all between September and June. Abundant fog during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5487257", "chunk_text": "\"Calaveras Big Trees State Park\"\nCalaveras Big Trees State Park Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Arnold, California in the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada. It has been a major tourist attraction since 1852, when the existence of the trees was first widely reported, and is considered the longest continuously operated tourist facility in California. Parcels of land that would later become the state park and nearby national park were optioned by lumberman Robert P. Whiteside in January, 1900, with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3243751", "chunk_text": "\"Petrified Forest (California)\"\nPetrified Forest (California) The Petrified Forest is a petrified forest located in Sonoma County, California, in the United States. It is the only petrified forest in California from the Pliocene. It also has the largest petrified trees in the world. The forest is privately owned, yet it is normally open to the public to visit every day of the year, however it is temporarily closed during restoration from damage caused by the Napa and Sonoma fires of 2017. Approximately 3.4 million years ago a volcano eruption at Mount St. Helena caused the trees to become petrified. The process took thousands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2151055", "chunk_text": "\"Redwood Grove\"\n750 m) of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Their growth and longevity is enhanced by the proximity to the ocean with its massive amounts of precipitation, the cool air which encourages fog, and the dimmer sunlight near the moisture-rich trunk-base region. Free-flowing, year-round stream help to enhance this environment and the cool, moisture-laden air often produces visible fog, which helps to replenish the trees. The bark of these giants is heavily laden with tannin, which helps to offer protection from damage by either fires or insects. This grove has some of the tallest and oldest trees in the Henry Cowell Redwoods", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_742	who has made the most premier league appearances?	n/a	[ "Gareth Barry" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "272528", "chunk_text": "\"Steve McManaman\"\nof the most gifted players of his generation. For a time, McManaman held the record for most consecutive Premier League appearances as an ever-present at Liverpool for four seasons including a club record for most appearances, and at the time of leaving the Premiership had the second highest ratio of Premier League assists per game, with 112 assists in 272 appearances, with a total of 142 assists for the club; an average of one assist per two-and-a-half games. Until 2011, McManaman held the record for greatest number of assists in Liverpool history, ahead of Steven Gerrard, who has since overtaken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13327381", "chunk_text": "\"Gareth Barry\"\nGareth Barry Gareth Barry (born 23 February 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL Championship club West Bromwich Albion. A former England international, Barry has made 653 Premier League appearances for Aston Villa, Manchester City, Everton and West Bromwich Albion, the highest number of appearances in the Premier League. Barry moved to Aston Villa from Brighton & Hove Albion as a youngster, and spent 12 years at the club. He captained Aston Villa and is eighth in their all-time list of appearances, with 441 across all competitions, including 365 in the Premier League. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3154093", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea F.C.\"\nthe country, found that many clubs' main rivals had changed since 2003 and reported that Chelsea fans consider Tottenham to be their main rival, above Arsenal and Manchester United. Chelsea's highest appearance-maker is ex-captain Ron Harris, who played in 795 competitive games for the club between 1961 and 1980. The record for a Chelsea goalkeeper is held by Harris's contemporary, Peter Bonetti, who made 729 appearances (1959–79). With 103 caps (101 while at the club), Frank Lampard of England is Chelsea's most capped international player. Frank Lampard is Chelsea's all-time top goalscorer, with 211 goals in 648 games (2001–2014); he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5509995", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nSturridge, Luis Suárez, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy, Sergio Agüero and Son Heung-min. Robbie Keane has won the award while playing for three clubs, while 12 players have won the award playing for two clubs: Alan Shearer, Dion Dublin, David Ginola, Dwight Yorke, Tim Flowers, Teddy Sheringham, Danny Murphy, Andrew Johnson, Nicolas Anelka, Dimitar Berbatov, Scott Parker, Robin van Persie. The award has been shared on six occasions: by Blackburn Rovers's Alan Shearer and Chris Sutton in November 1994, Liverpool's Robbie Fowler and Stan Collymore in January 1996, Southampton's Kevin Davies and Manchester United's Andy Cole in November 1997, Arsenal's Dennis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2100670", "chunk_text": "\"Newcastle United F.C.\"\nLeague table and have the ninth-highest total of major honours won by an English club with 11 wins. The holder of the record for the most appearances is Jimmy Lawrence, having made 496 first team appearances between 1904 and 1921. The club's top goal scorer is Alan Shearer, who scored 206 goals in all competitions between 1996 and 2006. Andy Cole holds the record for the most goals scored in a season: 41 in the 1993–94 season in the Premier League. Shay Given is the most capped international for the club, with 134 appearances for Republic of Ireland. The club's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230824", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nand Philippe Coutinho is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club is £89 million for Paul Pogba. The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 players from 10 clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230816", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nLeague from 1996 to his retirement at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230825", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nhis fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held in the event that two clubs could win the League on the final day of the season. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13332479", "chunk_text": "\"David James (footballer, born 1970)\"\nDavid James (footballer, born 1970) David Benjamin James MBE (born 1 August 1970) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His most recent position was manager at Kerala Blasters FC in the Indian Super League in 2018. He is also a pundit on BT Sport's football coverage. James is fourth on the list of all-time Premier League appearances, having played in 572 top-level matches, and held the Premier League record for most clean sheets with 169 until Petr Čech surpassed this record. He was capped 53 times by England between 1997 and 2010, and was first choice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5415808", "chunk_text": "\"PFA Team of the Year\"\nappearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian Batt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3087889", "chunk_text": "\"PFA Team of the Year (2000s)\"\n10 appearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15630691", "chunk_text": "\"F.C. United of Manchester\"\nboard of 11 members were elected, leading to \"\"a sense of progression and an air of optimism\"\" among the club's members. The record for the most appearances for F.C. United is held by Jerome Wright, with 400 . Tom Greaves is the club's all-time record goal-scorer with 102 goals in all competitions, which includes 86 in the league and 16 in cup matches . Six other players, Rory Patterson, Mike Norton, Matthew Wolfenden, Jerome Wright, Simon Carden and Stuard Rudd have also scored more than 50 goals for the club. Rudd holds the record for most goals scored in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4943197", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Speed\"\nGunter in 2018, playing mainly as a left-side attacking midfielder. Speed was appointed manager of Sheffield United in 2010, but left the club after a few months in December 2010 to manage the Wales national team, remaining in this role until his death 11 months later. Rarely troubled by injury or suspension, he held the record for the most appearances in the Premier League at 535, until it was surpassed by David James. At the time of his death, only James and Ryan Giggs had played in more Premier League matches than Speed. Including appearances in The Football League and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7420242", "chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.\"\nstretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona. David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances. Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012, having surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005. Wright's record had stood since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3552760", "chunk_text": "\"Reading F.C.\"\n1894. Reading have lost the two highest-scoring matches in the history of the Premier League; Portsmouth 7–4 Reading on 29 September 2007, and Tottenham Hotspur 6–4 Reading on 29 December 2007, as well as losing the highest-scoring League Cup game, Reading 5–7 Arsenal on 30 October 2012. The player with the most league appearances is Martin Hicks, with 500 from 1978 to 1991. The most capped player is Kevin Doyle, who earned 26 for the Republic of Ireland whilst at the club. The most league goals in total and in a season are held by Ronnie Blackman with 158 from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18886977", "chunk_text": "\"PFA Team of the Year (1980s)\"\n10 appearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18886987", "chunk_text": "\"PFA Team of the Year (1990s)\"\n10 appearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3087884", "chunk_text": "\"PFA Team of the Year (2010s)\"\n10 appearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18636985", "chunk_text": "\"PFA Team of the Year (1970s)\"\n10 appearances. Steven Gerrard currently holds the most appearances in the PFA Team of the Year in the Premier League era with eight appearances. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals. Oxford United's Damian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9144109", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Bastock\"\nPaul Bastock Paul Anthony Bastock (born 19 May 1970) is an English retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He holds the all-time record for the most competitive appearances in world football, having played 1,278 times in league and cup competitions, primarily across the English lower leagues. During his career, which began in 1988, Bastock has represented nine different clubs including Cambridge United, Boston United, Rushden & Diamonds and St Albans City. He was voted as Boston's 'all-time cult hero' by viewers of the BBC show \"\"Football Focus\"\" in April 2005. In addition to the all-time appearances record, Bastock holds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4949951", "chunk_text": "\"Gareth Barry\"\nBarry was offered compassionate leave by West Brom, which he declined. Aston Villa Manchester City Individual Gareth Barry Gareth Barry (born 23 February 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL Championship club West Bromwich Albion. A former England international, Barry has made 653 Premier League appearances for Aston Villa, Manchester City, Everton and West Bromwich Albion, the highest number of appearances in the Premier League. Barry moved to Aston Villa from Brighton & Hove Albion as a youngster, and spent 12 years at the club. He captained Aston Villa and is eighth in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230760", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nSix of them have won the title since then: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), and Leicester City (1). Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname \"\"The Invincibles\"\" as they became, and still remain, the only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a Premier League season is 100 by Manchester City in 2017–18. Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1134116", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\ncreated a second Fantasy XI Team to compare to the public vote. In addition, a four fact-based awards were also given for Most Appearances, Top Goalscorer, Most Clean Sheets and Premier League 500 Club players. Barclays, the Premier League title sponsor also gave awards, for Best Photographer and Best Shot. Manchester United's Sir Alex Ferguson won the title of Best Manager. Along with him, four other managers were short-listed for the panel of judges vote for Best Manager: Manchester United's Ryan Giggs was voted as the Best Player. Giggs had played and scored in every Premier League season since its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13239253", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Bastock\"\nGrimsby Town on a two-year scholarship deal. Paul Bastock Paul Anthony Bastock (born 19 May 1970) is an English retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He holds the all-time record for the most competitive appearances in world football, having played 1,278 times in league and cup competitions, primarily across the English lower leagues. During his career, which began in 1988, Bastock has represented nine different clubs including Cambridge United, Boston United, Rushden & Diamonds and St Albans City. He was voted as Boston's 'all-time cult hero' by viewers of the BBC show \"\"Football Focus\"\" in April 2005. In addition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18487875", "chunk_text": "\"Tommy Fowler\"\naged 84. Tommy Fowler Thomas Fowler (16 December 1924 – 3 May 2009) was an English footballer who played 17 seasons for Northampton Town as a left-winger, and is the club's all-time appearance record holder, having played 521 league games for the club, and 585 first-team games in all competitions. A native of Prescot, Lancashire, Fowler began his football career as an amateur on the books of Everton, and had played a few wartime games for Everton before he was called up to serve in the Army during World War II. He was wounded in France, and it was while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19645309", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Carragher\"\nJamie Carragher James Lee Duncan Carragher (; born 28 January 1978) is an English retired footballer who played as a defender for Premier League club Liverpool during a career which spanned 17 years. A one-club man, he was Liverpool's vice-captain for 10 years, and is the club's second-longest ever serving player, making his 737th appearance for Liverpool in all competitions on 19 May 2013. Carragher also holds the record for the most appearances in European competition for Liverpool with 150. Carragher grew up as an Everton football fan before deciding to play for Liverpool, starting his footballing career at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15426429", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 10 Seasons Awards\"\nthe Decade. Les Ferdinand was recognised as scorer of the 10,000th Premier League goal, David Seaman was credited as the goalkeeper with most clean sheets in the league (130), and Gary Speed was credited with the most league appearances (352). Football is the most watched sport in England, and the Premier League along with the FA Cup are the two most prestigious English club football competitions. In 1991, league football in England underwent a major change, when the 22 teams in the First Division, the then top division of The Football League system, resigned en-masse to form the Premier League.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5547590", "chunk_text": "\"David James (footballer, born 1970)\"\nPortsmouth. He holds the distinction of twice having been the record holder for consecutive Premier League appearances, with 159 during his Liverpool days from February 1994 to February 1998, and 166 between Manchester City and Portsmouth from 2006 to 2008; both streaks were eventually topped by Chelsea's Frank Lampard and Tottenham Hotspur's Brad Friedel, respectively. On 14 February 2009 against Manchester City, James made his 536th Premier League appearance, breaking Gary Speed's all-time record. On 22 April 2009, Times Online named James as the 15th greatest player in Portsmouth's history. James captained Portsmouth in the FA Cup semi-final against Tottenham", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20771101", "chunk_text": "\"Everton F.C.\"\ncentre half and former captain Brian Labone comes in second with 534 matches. The longest serving player is goalkeeper Ted Sagar, who played for 23 years between 1929 and 1953. This tenure covered both sides of the Second World War and included a total of 495 appearances. Southall also previously held the record for the most league clean sheets during a season with 15. However, this record was beaten during the 2008–09 season by American goalkeeper Tim Howard, who ended the season with 17 clean sheets. The club's top goalscorer, with 383 goals in all competitions, is Dixie Dean; the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16980835", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Crouch\"\nPeter Crouch Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Stoke City. He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. Crouch is one of 28 players to have scored 100 or more Premier League goals, holding the record for the most headed goals in Premier League history. Crouch began his career as a trainee with Tottenham Hotspur. He failed to make an appearance for Spurs and after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4448587", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Crouch\"\nPeter Crouch Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Stoke City. He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. Crouch is one of 28 players to have scored 100 or more Premier League goals, holding the record for the most headed goals in Premier League history. Crouch began his career as a trainee with Tottenham Hotspur. He failed to make an appearance for Spurs and after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18692082", "chunk_text": "\"Brad Friedel\"\nBrad Friedel Bradley Howard Friedel (born May 18, 1971) is an American soccer coach who is the head coach of Major League Soccer team New England Revolution. He is a former professional player who played as a goalkeeper. Friedel played 84 games for the United States national team between 1992 and 2005, and represented his country at three FIFA World Cup tournaments. He is the current holder of the Premier League record for most consecutive appearances with 310, a feat he achieved during spells at Blackburn Rovers, Aston Villa and Tottenham Hotspur. Until he was left out of the Tottenham", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18487873", "chunk_text": "\"Tommy Fowler\"\nTommy Fowler Thomas Fowler (16 December 1924 – 3 May 2009) was an English footballer who played 17 seasons for Northampton Town as a left-winger, and is the club's all-time appearance record holder, having played 521 league games for the club, and 585 first-team games in all competitions. A native of Prescot, Lancashire, Fowler began his football career as an amateur on the books of Everton, and had played a few wartime games for Everton before he was called up to serve in the Army during World War II. He was wounded in France, and it was while recovering at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958557", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\nPremier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3230823", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nmuch lower than in La Liga (19.1 to 1), Serie A (16 to 1), Bundesliga (20.5 to 1), and Ligue 1 (26.6 to 1). Because of the lower differential between team wage bills in the Premier League, it is often regarded as being more competitive than other top European leagues. The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record has increased steadily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15426426", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 10 Seasons Awards\"\nteam categories, both a Domestic (British) and Overseas Team of the Decade was named, and from those two teams an Overall Team of the Decade was picked as: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Marcel Desailly, Denis Irwin, David Beckham, Patrick Vieira, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Alan Shearer and Eric Cantona. The rest of the Domestic team were David Seaman, Steve Bruce, Stuart Pearce, Paul Ince and Michael Owen, while the rest of the Overseas team composed of Dan Petrescu, Jaap Stam, Fredrik Ljungberg, Roy Keane, Robert Pires and Thierry Henry. Alan Shearer was named Domestic Player of the Decade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142575", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Shilton\"\nPeter Shilton Peter Leslie Shilton (born 18 September 1949) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He currently holds the record for playing more games for England than anyone else, earning 125 caps, and held the all-time record for the most competitive appearances in world football – 1,249.The IFFHS ranked Shilton among the top ten keepers of the 20th century in 2000. His 30-year career includes spells at 11 different clubs, winning two European Cup finals, and playing more than 1,300 competitive matches. Shilton also represented England at UEFA Euro 1980, the 1982 FIFA World Cup, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13303267", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nof the Month was awarded to Tottenham Hotspur player Jürgen Klinsmann for his performances in August 1994. Steven Gerrard and Harry Kane have been Player of the Month the most with six awards. Six players have won the award in consecutive months: Robbie Fowler, Dennis Bergkamp, Cristiano Ronaldo, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy and Mohamed Salah. Only Mohamed Salah has won the award three times in a season, and 16 individuals have won two awards in a season: Robbie Fowler, Dennis Bergkamp, Ruud van Nistelrooy, Thierry Henry, Wayne Rooney, Ryan Giggs, Cristiano Ronaldo, Ashley Young, Peter Odemwingie, Robin van Persie, Daniel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20253838", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Glove\"\nplayed for Manchester City in each of his four winning seasons and they are the club that has received the award the most. Čech and Hart's four awards mean Czech and English goalkeepers have won the Golden Glove the most, ahead of Spain with three. Both Pepe Reina and Hart have won the award in three consecutive seasons, which is a record. Čech set the record for matches without conceding a goal in a single season – with 24 – to win the inaugural award in 2005. During the 2008–09 season, Edwin van der Sar surpassed Čech's previous record of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6114588", "chunk_text": "\"2013–14 Premier League\"\nby a 2–0 victory over West Bromwich Albion on 7 May. Norwich City, Fulham, and Cardiff City were the bottom three teams and were relegated to the Football League Championship. Two teams (Manchester City and Liverpool) scored more than 100 goals for the first time in league history. The feat has only once been achieved before – by Chelsea in 2009–10. Luis Suárez won the golden boot for most goals with 31, ahead of teammate Daniel Sturridge who came second with 21 goals. Wojciech Szczęsny of Arsenal and Petr Čech of Chelsea led the league with 16 clean sheets each.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18614811", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Oakes\"\nAlan Oakes Alan Arthur Oakes (born 7 September 1942) is an English former footballer who holds Manchester City's all-time record for appearances. A midfielder, in total he played 776 Football League matches – the seventh most in history. He is a cousin of former teammate Glyn Pardoe, an uncle of defender Chris Blackburn, and the father of former goalkeeper Michael Oakes. He joined Manchester City as an amateur in 1958, turning professional and making his debut a year later. He picked up numerous honours at the club, including a European Cup Winners' Cup winners medal in 1970, a First Division", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3166283", "chunk_text": "\"Ian Callaghan\"\nShield Ian Callaghan Ian Robert Callaghan MBE (born 10 April 1942 in Toxteth, Liverpool) is a retired English footballer who played as a midfielder. He holds the record for most appearances for Liverpool. Callaghan played 857 times for Liverpool between 1960 and 1978, breaking into the first team just after the appointment of Bill Shankly as Liverpool manager. He was a regular member of the first team by the time Liverpool won promotion to the First Division in 1962, and went on to help them win the league title in 1964, 1966, 1973, 1976 and 1977, as well as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737351", "chunk_text": "\"Sunderland A.F.C.\"\nwhich saw the transfer-record broken twice. The holder of the record for the most league appearances is Jimmy Montgomery, having made 527 first team appearances between 1961 and 1976. The club's top league goal scorer is Charlie Buchan, who scored 209 goals from 1911–1925; Bobby Gurney is the record goalscorer over all competitions with 227 goals between 1926 and 1939. Dave Halliday holds the record for the most goals scored in a season: 43 in the 1928–29 season in the Football League First Division. As of October 2014 John O'Shea is the most capped player for the club, making 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1900893", "chunk_text": "\"History of football in England\"\nEngland), Steven Gerrard (Liverpool and England) and Joe Cole (West Ham United, Chelsea and England). Michael Owen, Rio Ferdinand, Ryan Giggs, David Beckham and Sol Campbell were some of the prominent players still active in the game during the first decade of the 21st century after rising to fame during the 1990s, though Beckham has not played in England since 2003. Legendary players whose illustrious careers have come to an end during this decade include Alan Shearer, Dennis Bergkamp, Denis Irwin, Paul Ince and Roy Keane. Successful managers of this era include Alex Ferguson, José Mourinho, Arsène Wenger, Roberto Mancini,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19632059", "chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry\"\nascendancy of other clubs including local rivals of both (Chelsea,Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City). Arsenal and Manchester United first played a competitive match in October 1894; as of April 2018, the two clubs have faced each other 228 times in total. United have won 96 to Arsenal's 82, and 50 matches have ended in a draw. Wayne Rooney has scored the most goals in the fixture with 12, while Ryan Giggs has made the highest number of appearances with 50. Several players have featured for both clubs at different stages of their career, including Brian Kidd, Andy Cole, David Platt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6665870", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Hart\"\nJoe Hart Charles Joseph John Hart (born 19 April 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Burnley and the English national team. With over 100 Premier League clean sheets, Hart holds the joint record for the most Premier League Golden Glove awards (four) and has amassed 75 international caps since his debut in 2008. He began his career at his hometown club Shrewsbury Town in the Football Conference and League Two. In 2006, he moved to top-flight Manchester City, having attracted the attention of several Premier League teams. He spent time on loan at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19645345", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Carragher\"\nautobiography, \"\"Carra\"\", was released in 2008. Carragher has become a patron to the Alder Hey Charity. Youth Liverpool Individual Jamie Carragher James Lee Duncan Carragher (; born 28 January 1978) is an English retired footballer who played as a defender for Premier League club Liverpool during a career which spanned 17 years. A one-club man, he was Liverpool's vice-captain for 10 years, and is the club's second-longest ever serving player, making his 737th appearance for Liverpool in all competitions on 19 May 2013. Carragher also holds the record for the most appearances in European competition for Liverpool with 150. Carragher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2463479", "chunk_text": "\"Leicester City F.C.\"\nGraham Cross holds the record for the most Leicester appearances, with the defender playing 599 games between 1960–1976, although Adam Black holds the record for the most appearances in the league with 528 between 1920–1935. Striker Arthur Chandler is currently the club's all-time record goal scorer, netting 273 in his 12 years at the club; he also found the net in 8 consecutive matches in the 1924–25 season. The most goals managed in a single season for the club is 44 by Arthur Rowley, in the 1956–57 season. The fastest goal in the club's history was scored by Matty Fryatt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "821722", "chunk_text": "\"Premier League 10 Seasons Awards\"\ndecade, with only nine teams managing to stay in the league for the full ten seasons – Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester United, Southampton and Tottenham Hotspur. In that time, only three teams ever won the League title: Manchester United (seven), Arsenal (twice) and Blackburn Rovers (once). Manchester United were also the most successful team overall, only finishing outside of the top-two positions once. (See also:#First decade finishing positions by season) According to the League's chief executive Richard Scudamore, this first decade was a period which saw 113 million fans go to Premier League football matches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3989614", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Charlton\"\nanother Football League title with United the following year. In 1968, he captained the Manchester United team that won the European Cup, scoring two goals in the final to help his team be the first English side to win the competition. He is United's second all-time leading goal scorer (249), being surpassed by Wayne Rooney, and held the distinction of being England's all-time top goal scorer (49) from May 1968 to September 2015, when again Wayne Rooney surpassed his record. Charlton held the record for most appearances for Manchester United (758), before being surpassed by Ryan Giggs in the 2008", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_743	who was the first chief minister of west bengal?	n/a	[ "Prafulla Chandra Ghosh" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15783634", "chunk_text": "\"Prafulla Chandra Ghosh\"\nand along with other members of Anami Sangha joined freedom struggle movement led by Gandhi. His great-granddaughter is Priyanka Yoshikawa, who won the 2016 Miss World Japan contest. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (\"\"প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র ঘোষ\"\"; 1891–1983) was the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, India. He was the Chief Minister in two West Bengal governments, first in the Indian National Congress government from August 15, 1947 to August 14, 1948, then in the Progressive Democratic Alliance Front government from November 2, 1967 to February 20, 1968. Education: Presidency College, Calcutta.Chemistry, B.Sc (Gold Medalist). Occupation: First ASA master, British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15783630", "chunk_text": "\"Prafulla Chandra Ghosh\"\nPrafulla Chandra Ghosh Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (\"\"প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র ঘোষ\"\"; 1891–1983) was the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, India. He was the Chief Minister in two West Bengal governments, first in the Indian National Congress government from August 15, 1947 to August 14, 1948, then in the Progressive Democratic Alliance Front government from November 2, 1967 to February 20, 1968. Education: Presidency College, Calcutta.Chemistry, B.Sc (Gold Medalist). Occupation: First ASA master, British India, of Indian origin. He also exchanged scientific views with the likes of Madame Marie Curie and Albert Einstein. Prafulla Ghosh was born in a Yadav Family on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16711670", "chunk_text": "\"Bidhan Sarani\"\nBidhan Sarani Bidhan Sarani (formerly known as Cornwallis Street) is a principal North-South thoroughfare in north Kolkata, the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It was named after the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy. The road starts from Shyambazar five-point crossing and roughly extends to Mahatma Gandhi Road crossing, after which the street continues as College Street. Bidhan Sarani encompasses the neighbourhoods of Shyambazar, Hatibagan, Hedua, Shimla, Thanthania and College Street. The three-mile long Maratha Ditch was excavated in 1742 as a protection against the marauding Maratha soldiers then foraging in the countryside but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13924863", "chunk_text": "\"Prafulla Chandra Sen\"\nPrafulla Chandra Sen Prafulla Chandra Sen (10 April 1897 – 25 September 1990) was a Bengali politician and freedom fighter. He was the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1962 to 1967. Sen was born in the Khulna District of Bengal on the 10th of April 1897. Most of his childhood was spent in Bihar, Eastern India. He started his education in Bihar and passed the entrance exam to attend the R. Mitra Institute in Deoghar. He then went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree from Scottish Church College in Calcutta. After graduating, he joined an accounting firm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13924874", "chunk_text": "\"Prafulla Chandra Sen\"\nand principled brand of politics long forgotten in India today\"\". Prafulla Chandra Sen Prafulla Chandra Sen (10 April 1897 – 25 September 1990) was a Bengali politician and freedom fighter. He was the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1962 to 1967. Sen was born in the Khulna District of Bengal on the 10th of April 1897. Most of his childhood was spent in Bihar, Eastern India. He started his education in Bihar and passed the entrance exam to attend the R. Mitra Institute in Deoghar. He then went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree from Scottish Church", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603642", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\naccess to toilet facilities. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Left Front was defeated and Trinamool Congress won an absolute majority of seats. Mamata Banerjee, the leader of Trinamool Congress, became the chief minister. The success of Trinamool Congress was repeated in the 2013 Panchayat election (local government elections in rural areas, and some urban municipalities) and the India national general election, 2014 (in which Trinamool won 34 of 42 Lok Sabha constituencies in the state). History of West Bengal The history of West Bengal began in 1947, when the Hindu-dominated western part of British Bengal Province became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11096619", "chunk_text": "\"Bidhan Chandra Roy\"\nBidhan Chandra Roy Bidhan Chandra Roy MRCP, FRCS; (1 July 1882 – 1 July 1962) was an eminent Indian physician, educationist, philanthropist, freedom fighter and politician who served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1948 until his death in 1962. Bidhan Roy is often considered the Maker of Modern West Bengal due to his key role in the founding of several institutions and five eminent cities, Durgapur, Kalyani, Bidhannagar, Ashokenagar and Habra. He is one of the few people in history to have obtained F.R.C.S. and M.R.C.P. degrees simultaneously. In India, the \"\"National Doctors' Day\"\" is celebrated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3949060", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of West Bengal\"\nPolitics of West Bengal Politics in West Bengal is dominated by the following major political parties: the Trinamool Congress,the Indian National Congress, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Bharatiya Janata Party In 1977 the Left Front won the state assembly elections, and the state was ruled by communists and other left groups till 2011. The erstwhile left front led West Bengal state government holds the Indian record for the longest period of governance. Until 3 November 2000, Jyoti Basu was the Chief Minister of the state. After his resignation, due to health reasons, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee became the Chief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5240601", "chunk_text": "\"Jyoti Basu\"\nJyoti Basu Jyotirindra Basu (8 July 1914 – 17 January 2010); known as Jyoti Basu was an Indian Marxist ideologue, theorist and statesman belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from West Bengal, India. He served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal state from 1977 to 2000. Basu was a member of the CPI(M) Politburo from the time of the party's founding (The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from 31 October to 7 November 1964) in 1964 until 2008. From 2008 until his death in 2010 he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11053442", "chunk_text": "\"East Bengal\"\nby the Boundary Comission due to it being inaccessible to India and to provide a substantial rural buffer to support Chittagong, a major city and port; advocates for Pakistan forcefully argued to the Bengal Boundary Commission that the only approach was through Chittagong. As a result of these mandates, the Mountbatten Plan and Radcliffe Line established East Bengal as a province of the newly formed Dominion of Pakistan in August 1947. Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, a former Prime Minister of Bengal, was the first Chief Minister of East Bengal after partition. Nazimuddin was a senior leader of the Muslim League and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19178088", "chunk_text": "\"Mamata Banerjee\"\nas chief minister of West Bengal on 20 May 2011. As the first female chief minister of West Bengal, one of her first decisions was to return 400 acres of land to Singur farmers. \"\"The cabinet has decided to return 400 acres to unwilling farmers in Singur,\"\" the chief minister said. \"\"I have instructed the department to prepare the papers for this. If Tata-babu(Ratan Tata) wants, he can set up his factory on the remaining 600 acres, otherwise we will see how to go about it.\"\" She has also been credited in resolving the longstanding Gorkhaland related violence by setting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19178066", "chunk_text": "\"Mamata Banerjee\"\nMamata Banerjee Mamata Banerjee (Bengali: also known as \"\"Didi\"\", born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician serving as the 8th and current Chief Minister of West Bengal since 2011. She is the first woman to hold the office. She founded the party All India Trinamool Congress (AITC or TMC) in 1998 after separating from the Indian National Congress, and became its chairperson. She is often referred to as Didi (meaning: \"\"elder sister\"\" in Hindi and Bengali). Banerjee previously served twice as the Minister of Railways, the first woman to do so. She is also the first female Minister of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11498026", "chunk_text": "\"Sucheta Kriplani\"\nSucheta Kriplani Sucheta Kriplani (née Mazumdar, 25 June 1908 – 1 December 1974) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. She was India's first woman Chief Minister, serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh government from 1963 to 1967. She was born in Ambala, Punjab (now in Haryana) to a Bengali Brahmo family. She studied at Indraprastha College and Punjab University before becoming a Professor of Constitutional History at Banaras Hindu University. In 1936, she married Acharya Kriplani, a prominent figure of the Indian National Congress, who was twenty years her senior. The marriage was opposed by both families,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603637", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nwas put under President's Rule. Fresh elections were held in West Bengal in 1969. CPI(M) emerged as the largest party in the West Bengal legislative assembly. But with the active support of CPI and the Bangla Congress, Ajoy Mukherjee was returned as Chief Minister of the state. Mukherjee resigned on March 16, 1970 and the state was put under President's Rule. Indian National Congress the 1972 assembly election, and its leader Siddhartha Shankar Ray became the chief minister. During this period, the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi proclaimed nationwide Emergency in 1975. This period was marked by large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8797827", "chunk_text": "\"Ajit Jogi\"\nAjit Jogi Ajit Pramod Kumar Jogi (born 29 April 1946) is an Indian politician, who served as the first chief minister of the state of Chhattisgarh, India. He was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party. Jogi studied Mechanical Engineering at the Maulana Azad College of Technology, Bhopal, winning the University Gold Medal in 1968. After having worked briefly as a lecturer at the Government Engineering College, Raipur, he was selected for the Indian Police Service and Indian Administrative Service. Ajit Jogi’s grandfather belonged to Satnami sect of Hinduism before converting to Christianity During the run-up to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15779505", "chunk_text": "\"Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\nelectorates as the basis of electing the assembly. The first elections took place in 1937. The Congress party emerged as the single largest party but refused to form a government due to its policy of boycotting legislatures. The Krishak Praja Party and Bengal Provincial Muslim League, supported by several independent legislators, formed the first government. A. K. Fazlul Huq became the first prime minister. Huq supported the League's Lahore Resolution in 1940, which called on the imperial government to include the eastern zone of British India in a future sovereign homeland for Muslims. The text of the resolution initially seemed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10202085", "chunk_text": "\"Mamata Banerjee\"\nAssembly elections. The sting targeted high-ranking officials and politicians of Banerjee's political party All India Trinamool Congress (AITC). Mamata Banerjee Mamata Banerjee (Bengali: also known as \"\"Didi\"\", born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician serving as the 8th and current Chief Minister of West Bengal since 2011. She is the first woman to hold the office. She founded the party All India Trinamool Congress (AITC or TMC) in 1998 after separating from the Indian National Congress, and became its chairperson. She is often referred to as Didi (meaning: \"\"elder sister\"\" in Hindi and Bengali). Banerjee previously served twice as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11053443", "chunk_text": "\"East Bengal\"\na close confidante of Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne was the first Governor of East Bengal. Partition resulted in making many Hindus to leave East Bengal while Muslims from different parts of the Indian subcontinent migrated to East Bengal. The East-West Bengal border did not see as much violence as seen in the Punjab border between North India and Pakistan. Jinnah made his sole visit to East Bengal as governor general in 1948. During a speech to students in Dhaka University, he resisted demands to make Bengali a federal language. His refusal sparked fierce protests among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3485466", "chunk_text": "\"Sucheta Kriplani\"\nher reputation as a firm administrator by refusing their demand for a pay hike. She retired from politics in 1971 and remained in seclusion till her death in 1974. Sucheta Kriplani Sucheta Kriplani (née Mazumdar, 25 June 1908 – 1 December 1974) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. She was India's first woman Chief Minister, serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh government from 1963 to 1967. She was born in Ambala, Punjab (now in Haryana) to a Bengali Brahmo family. She studied at Indraprastha College and Punjab University before becoming a Professor of Constitutional History at Banaras", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13546533", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Minister of Bengal\"\nattacks during World War II. The Congress party boycotted the office due to its anti-British policy. The office was held by three Muslims. The first premier was A. K. Fazlul Huq, the leader of the anti-feudalist Krishak Praja Party. Huq formed his first government with the All India Muslim League in 1937. The League withdrew support in 1941, after which Huq forged a coalition with the Hindu Mahasabha led by Syama Prasad Mukherjee. The Huq-Syama coalition lasted till 1943. Huq was succeeded by a Muslim League ministry led by Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin. An unpopular conservative, the Nazimuddin ministry lasted till", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603633", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nHistory of West Bengal The history of West Bengal began in 1947, when the Hindu-dominated western part of British Bengal Province became the Indian state of West Bengal. When India gained independence in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part went to India (and was named West Bengal) while the eastern part joined Pakistan as a province called East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan, giving rise to independent Bangladesh in 1971). In 1950, the Princely State of Koch Bihar merged with West Bengal after King Jagaddipendra Narayan had signed the Instrument of Accession with India. In 1955,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14528052", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of West Bengal\"\nparties of West Bengal Politics of West Bengal Politics in West Bengal is dominated by the following major political parties: the Trinamool Congress,the Indian National Congress, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Bharatiya Janata Party In 1977 the Left Front won the state assembly elections, and the state was ruled by communists and other left groups till 2011. The erstwhile left front led West Bengal state government holds the Indian record for the longest period of governance. Until 3 November 2000, Jyoti Basu was the Chief Minister of the state. After his resignation, due to health reasons, Buddhadeb", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603639", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nAfter leading the Left Front government for consecutive five terms, Jyoti Basu retired from active politics and Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee was appointed as his successor. Five years later, the Left Front came back to the power with Bhattacharjee again assuming the office of the Chief Minister. The state's economic recovery gathered momentum after economic reforms in India were introduced in the early 1990s by the central government, aided by election of a new reformist Chief Minister Buddhadeb Bhattacharya in 2000. As of 2007, armed activists have been organizing terrorist attacks in some parts of the state, while clashes with the administration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10612946", "chunk_text": "\"West Bengal\"\ntree at Bodhgaya, and replacing Buddha statues with Shiva lingams. After a period of anarchy, the Pala dynasty ruled the region for four hundred years starting in the 8thcentury. It was followed by a shorter reign of the Hindu Sena dynasty. Some areas of Bengal were invaded by Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty between 1021 and 1023. Islam made its first appearance in Bengal during the 12thcentury when Sufi missionaries arrived. Later, occasional Muslim raiders reinforced the process of conversion by building mosques, madrasas, and khanqahs. Between 1202 and 1206 Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, a military commander from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12793321", "chunk_text": "\"Ajit Jogi\"\nthat he will contest election from Marvahi. On 29th April Ajit Jogi gathered more than 72000 people for rally on his birthday. Ajit Jogi Ajit Pramod Kumar Jogi (born 29 April 1946) is an Indian politician, who served as the first chief minister of the state of Chhattisgarh, India. He was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party. Jogi studied Mechanical Engineering at the Maulana Azad College of Technology, Bhopal, winning the University Gold Medal in 1968. After having worked briefly as a lecturer at the Government Engineering College, Raipur, he was selected for the Indian Police", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18566239", "chunk_text": "\"Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad\"\nby Mir Jaffer. He lost to the British East India Company, who took installed Mir Jaffer on the \"\"Masnad\"\" (throne), as a \"\"puppet ruler\"\" and established itself to a political power in Bengal. In 1765, Robert Clive, of the British East India Company, became the first British Governor of Bengal. He secured in perpetuity for the Company the \"\"Diwani\"\" (revenue and civil justice) of the then Bengal subah from the then Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II and thus the system of Dual Government was established and the Bengal Presidency was formed. In 1772 the Dual Government system was abolished and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7758083", "chunk_text": "\"Ajoy Mukherjee\"\nAjoy Mukherjee Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee (15 April 1901 – 27 May 1986) was an Indian independence activist and politician who served three short terms as the fourth And sixth Chief Minister of West Bengal. He hailed from Tamluk, Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal. Born in 1901, he was one of the leaders of Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar (Tamrlipta National Government), which came into effect on 17 December 1942 during the Quit India Movement, a programme of civil disobedience launched in India in 1942. He was greatly influenced by Swami Vivekananda. Earlier a member of the Indian National Congress, he later became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603638", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nscale violence as the police force battled with the naxalites and ultimately crushed the movement in the state. In the 1977 election of the state legislature, the Left Front, headed by Communist Party of India (Marxist), won 243 seats thereby gaining a majority. The first Left Front government was established with Jyoti Basu as the Chief Minister. The massacre in Marichjhanpi, which took place under CPI(M) rule in Bengal between January 26 and May 16, 1979, relates to the forcible eviction of refugees who had fled from East Pakistan thereby leading to the death of a sizable population among them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603635", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nIn 1967 a peasant uprising broke out in Naxalbari, in northern West Bengal. The insurgency was led by hardline district-level CPI(M) leaders Charu Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal. The Naxalbari movement was violently repressed by the West Bengal government. During the 1970s and 1980s, severe power shortages, strikes and a violent Marxist-Naxalite movement damaged much of the state's infrastructure, leading to a period of economic stagnation. The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 resulted in the influx of millions of refugees to West Bengal, causing significant strains on its infrastructure. The 1974 smallpox epidemic killed thousands. West Bengal politics underwent a major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16711673", "chunk_text": "\"Bidhan Sarani\"\nalong Bidhan Sarani the road was considered to be the entertainment hub in the city. The Bethune College, is situated on Bidhan Sarani near Hedua. The street is also famous for sweetmeat shops like Girish Chandra Dey & Nakur Chandra Nandy. The Vidyasagar College, a reputed institution is also situated on Bidhan Sarani near Thanthaniya Kaali Baari. Bidhan Sarani Bidhan Sarani (formerly known as Cornwallis Street) is a principal North-South thoroughfare in north Kolkata, the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It was named after the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy. The road starts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5703794", "chunk_text": "\"Government of West Bengal\"\nGovernment of West Bengal The Government of West Bengal also known as the State Government of West Bengal, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of West Bengal and its 23 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of West Bengal, a judiciary and a legislative. Like other states in India, the head of state of West Bengal is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government. His or her post is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13711352", "chunk_text": "\"History of Bengal\"\ngrants to Brahmin agriculturalists was common. Invasions by the Chola dynasty and Western Chalukya Empire led to the decline of the Pala dynasty in Bengal and to the establishment of the Sena dynasty. Rajendra Chola I invaded Bengal between 1021 and 1023 CE. According to the records of Rajendra Chola, the pretext for invading Bengal was to fetch water of the Ganges, but in the process he humbled the rulers of Bengal and returned home not only with Ganges water but with considerable booty. The rulers of Bengal who were defeated by Rajendra Chola were Dharmapala, Ranasura and Govindachandra, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5008590", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Council of Bengal\"\ncouncil of four members and was given a casting vote but no veto. This changed the structure of Governor in-council where Governor General was the sole authority to a council of 5 members. The members could only be removed by the British Monarch on representation from Court of Directors. In 1774, Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William, hence, the first head of the Supreme Council of Bengal. Other members of the council included Lt. General John Clavering, George Monson, Richard Barwell and Philip Francis. Philip Francis along with Monson and Clavering reached Calcutta in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603634", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nthe former French enclave of Chandannagar, which had passed into Indian control after 1950, was integrated into West Bengal. Portions of Bihar were subsequently merged with West Bengal. During Roy's Chief Minister-ship very few manufacturing industries were set up in the state. In 1954, when Dr. B. C. Roy was the Congress chief minister, a massive food crisis overtook the state. There was a near-famine condition in Bengal. After the state legislative elections held in 1967, the CPI(M) was the main force behind the United Front government formed. The Chief Ministership was given to Ajoy Mukherjee of the Bangla Congress.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5619707", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Hastings\"\nWarren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"\"de facto\"\" Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. Hastings was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire in 1732 to a poor father, Penystone Hastings, and a mother, Hester Hastings, who died soon after he was born. Despite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16857870", "chunk_text": "\"Bengal Presidency\"\nand local government, were transferred to elected ministers. However, the important portfolios like finance, police and irrigation were reserved with members of the Governor's Executive Council. Some of the prominent ministers were Surendranath Banerjee (Local Self-government and Public Health 1921-1923), Sir Provash Chunder Mitter (Education 1921-1924, Local Self-government, Public Health, Agriculture and Public Works 1927-1928), Nawab Saiyid Nawab Ali Chaudhuri (Agriculture and Public Works) and A. K. Fazlul Huq (Education 1924). Bhupendra Nath Bose and Sir Abdur Rahim were Executive Members in the Governor's Council. The Government of India Act 1935 made the Bengal Presidency into a regular province, enlarged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13780362", "chunk_text": "\"Khawaja Nazimuddin\"\nthe appointed as the first Chief Minister of East Bengal after the partition of India in 1947 and effectively gained controlled of the Muslim League in the province. As the Chief Minister, he led the motion of confidence that ultimately voted in favor of joining the federation of Pakistan and reorganized the Government of East Pakistan by delegating conservative members in his administration. On 14 August of 1947, Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah relinquished the party presidency of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) to Khawaja Nazimuddin who took over the party of President of Pakistan Muslim League (PML), due to his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12222785", "chunk_text": "\"Burgula Ramakrishna Rao\"\nBurgula Ramakrishna Rao Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao (13 March 1899 – 15 September 1967) was the first elected Chief Minister of the erstwhile Hyderabad State. He was among the Telugu-speaking leaders to resist the Nizam in that \"\"princely State\"\" (a designation for collaborationist regimes demonstrating fealty to the British-occupation authorities). P V Narasimha rao also wrote a story on him. The story was given in 9th class telugu textbook(telangana state government) in 2nd lesson Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was born in a Telugu Brahmin family in Padakallu village, Kalwakurthy \"\"taluk\"\" in Mahbubnagar district. Though his surname was \"\"Pullamraju\"\", he would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15110843", "chunk_text": "\"Shri Krishna Singh (politician)\"\nShri Krishna Singh (politician) Shri Krishna Singh (21 October 1887 – 31 January 1961), also known as Sri Krishna Sinha, was the first Chief Minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–61). Except for the period of World War II, Sinha was chief minister of Bihar from the time of the first Congress Ministry in 1937 until his death in 1961. Along with the nationalists Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Singh is regarded among the \"\"Architects of Modern Bihar\"\". He led the Dalit entry into the Baidyanath Dham temple (Vaidyanath Temple, Deoghar), reflecting his commitment to the upliftment and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7631969", "chunk_text": "Bengalis\nCalcutta and predominantly led by upper caste Bengali Hindus under the patronage of the British Raj who created a reformed religion called Brahmo dharma. The Bengal renaissance can be said to have started with reformer and humanitarian Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775–1833), considered the \"\"Father of the Bengal Renaissance\"\", and ended with Asia's first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), although there have been many stalwarts thereafter embodying particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output. Nineteenth-century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists, patriotic orators and scientists, all merging to form the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14011417", "chunk_text": "\"B. G. Kher\"\nB. G. Kher Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957) was the first chief minister (then called Premier) of Bombay State which consisted of present-day Maharashtra and Gujarat States of India. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as \"\"Sajjan\"\", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions. Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888 at Ratnagiri in a middle class Karhade Brahmin family. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15754013", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency University, Kolkata\"\nout in support of the proposal publicly for fear of \"\"alarming the prejudices of his orthodox countrymen and thus marring the whole idea\"\". The College was formally opened on Monday, 20 January 1817 with 20 'scholars'. The foundation committee of the college, which oversaw its establishment, was headed by Raja Rammohan Roy. The control of the institution was vested in a body of two Governors and four Directors. The first Governors of the college were Maharaja Tejchandra Bahadur of Burdwan and Gopee Mohan Thakoor. The first Directors were Gopi Mohun Deb of Sobhabazar, Joykissen Sinha, Radha Madhab Banerjee and Gunganarain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3136880", "chunk_text": "Bengal\ndeadliest recorded cyclones. West Bengal became one of India's most populous states. Calcutta, the former capital of the British Raj, became the state capital of West Bengal and continued to be India's largest city until the late 20th century, when severe power shortages, strikes and a violent Marxist-Naxalite movement damaged much of the state's infrastructure in the 1960s and 70s, leading to a period of economic stagnation. West Bengal politics underwent a major change when the Left Front won the 1977 assembly election, defeating the incumbent Indian National Congress. The Left Front, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5296922", "chunk_text": "\"National Science Centre, Delhi\"\nBangalore in 1962. These Museums were inspired by the vision of Dr.Bidhan Chandra Roy, the first Chief Minister of West Bengal and was encouraged by pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, who always had a soft corner for scientific temper. Dr. Amalendu Bose, a young chemistry graduate at that time, was recruited by Dr.B.C.Roy to commission the first Museum at Calcutta. Thereafter several smaller centres came up, but for over two decades, there was a lull in the science museum movement in India. The coming to power of Rajiv Gandhi saw a fresh impetus for science popularisation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17603636", "chunk_text": "\"History of West Bengal\"\nchange when the Left Front won the 1977 assembly election, defeating the incumbent Indian National Congress. The Left Front, led by Communist Party of India (Marxist), has governed for the state for the subsequent three decades. In November 1967, the West Bengal United Front government was dismissed by the central government. Initially the Indian National Congress formed a minority government led by Prafulla Chandra Ghosh, but that cabinet did not last long. Following the proclamation that the United Front government had been dislodged, a 48-hour hartal was effective throughout the state. After the fall of the Ghosh cabinet, the state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2882770", "chunk_text": "\"Khawaja Nazimuddin\"\nKhawaja Nazimuddin Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (; ; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964), , was a Bengali politician, conservative figure, and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan. He is noted as being the first Bengali leader of Pakistan who led the country as Prime Minister (1951–53), as well as the second Governor-General (1948–51). Born into an aristocrat \"\"Nawab\"\" family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University before pursuing his education at the Cambridge University to secure his graduation. Upon returning, he started his political career on a Muslim League platform where he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17962273", "chunk_text": "\"Tourist attractions in West Bengal\"\nBeing home to notable people like Rabindranath Tagore, Asia's first Nobel laureate and composer of India's national anthem and Swami Vivekananda, a key figure in introducing Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and USA there houses and residencies like Shantiniketan and Jorasanko Thakur Bari are world famous and attract many tourists. West Bengal also has a long tradition of popular literature, music and drama largely based on Bengali folklore and Hindu epics and Puranas. Kolkata, the state capital city, was also the workplace of several social reformers, like Raja Ram Mohan Ray, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Swami Vivekananda. These social reforms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14652741", "chunk_text": "Bengal\nMinister of Bengal Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and nationalist leader Sarat Chandra Bose. They campaigned for a united and independent nation-state of Bengal. The initiative failed owing to British diplomacy and communal conflict between Muslims and Hindus. Later Pakistan ruled East Bengal becoming the independent nation of Bangladesh by Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971. Bengali culture has been particularly influential in the fields of literature, music, shipbuilding, art, architecture, sports, currency, commerce, politics and cuisine. The name of \"\"Bengal\"\" is derived from the ancient kingdom of Banga, the earliest records of which date back to the \"\"Mahabharata\"\" epic in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14011422", "chunk_text": "\"B. G. Kher\"\nsincerity and a preference for the \"\"Anglo\"\" way of administration. B. G. Kher Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher (24 August 1888 – 8 March 1957) was the first chief minister (then called Premier) of Bombay State which consisted of present-day Maharashtra and Gujarat States of India. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India in 1954. A lawyer, solicitor and social worker by choice and politician by necessity, Kher was often described as \"\"Sajjan\"\", good and gentle. Kher was a scholar, an accomplished orator, and a man with no pretensions. Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was born on 24 August 1888", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10612953", "chunk_text": "\"West Bengal\"\npolitics and socio-economic condition of the state. During the 1970s and 1980s, severe power shortages, strikes, and a violent Naxalite movement damaged much of the state's infrastructure, leading to a period of economic stagnation. The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 resulted in the influx of millions of refugees to West Bengal, causing significant strains on its infrastructure. The 1974 smallpox epidemic killed thousands. West Bengal politics underwent a major change when the Left Front won the 1977 assembly election, defeating the incumbent Indian National Congress. The Left Front, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), governed the state for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_744	who sings got my mind set on you?	n/a	[ "James Ray", "George Harrison" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "89", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nGot My Mind Set on You \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\" (also written as \"\"(Got My Mind) Set on You\"\") is a song written and composed by Rudy Clark and originally recorded by James Ray in 1962, under the title \"\"I've Got My Mind Set on You\"\". An edited version of the song was released later in the year as a single on the Dynamic Sound label. In 1987, George Harrison released a cover version of the song as a single, and released it on his album \"\"Cloud Nine,\"\" which he had recorded on his own Dark Horse Records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2359975", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nlabel. Of Harrison's three number-one singles in the US, it was both the only song not written or composed by Harrison himself and the only one without religious overtones. It also was not only the last US No. 1 hit by Harrison, but also from any of the ex-Beatles (as of 2018) in the US. When the song hit No. 1, it broke a three-way tie among Harrison, John Lennon, and Ringo Starr, all of whom had two No. 1 hit singles as solo artists (discounting Paul McCartney's work with Wings). It also happened to be the No. 1 single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8993087", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nsignificant airplay, and was nominated for three MTV VMAs. Harrison's version of the song was parodied by \"\"Weird Al\"\" Yankovic on his 1988 album \"\"Even Worse,\"\" as \"\"(This Song's Just) Six Words Long\"\" poking fun at the repetitive nature of the lyrics. Shakin' Stevens recorded the song for his 2006 album \"\"Now Listen\"\". Irish singer Lee Matthews covered it in his 2015 album \"\"It's a Great Day to Be Alive\"\". Got My Mind Set on You \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\" (also written as \"\"(Got My Mind) Set on You\"\") is a song written and composed by Rudy Clark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "229071", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind (song)\"\nGot You on My Mind (song) \"\"Got You on My Mind\"\" is a song written by Howard Biggs and Joe Thomas. The lyrics commence: \"\"Got you on my mind feeling kinda sad and low / Wonderin' where you are / wonderin' why you had to go / Tears began to fall ev'rytime I hear your name.\"\" The song was recorded by John Greer and the Rhythm Rockers 1951, for whom it was a hit, and then covered by Hawkshaw Hawkins 1952, Buddy Morrow and His Orchestra 1952, Jim Reeves early 1950s, Varetta Dillard 1956, The Del Royals 1961, Cookie and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15877783", "chunk_text": "\"Rudy Clark\"\nRudy Clark Rudy Clark (born 1935) is an American songwriter. He was most active from the early 1960s through the early 1970s. He has more than 250 copyrights listed by BMI. Clark wrote songs for James Ray (and indeed may have discovered the singer), including Ray's moody 1962 R&B and regional pop hit \"\"If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody\"\", later a hit for Freddie and the Dreamers, as well as \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", which became a No. 1 US and No. 2 UK hit for George Harrison in 1987. \"\"Got My Mind Set On You\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7987617", "chunk_text": "\"Cloud Nine (George Harrison album)\"\nCloud Nine (George Harrison album) Cloud Nine is the 11th studio album by English musician George Harrison. The album was recorded and released in 1987 after Harrison had taken a five-year hiatus from his career as a solo artist. The hit single \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\" from this album re-established Harrison as a critically acclaimed and commercially significant recording artist. \"\"Cloud Nine\"\" was the last studio solo album of Harrison's released during his lifetime. Frustrated with the changing musical climate, George Harrison suspended his recording career in the early 1980s. Instead of recording, he opted to pursue other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5558109", "chunk_text": "\"Rudy Clark\"\n(1997). Rudy Clark Rudy Clark (born 1935) is an American songwriter. He was most active from the early 1960s through the early 1970s. He has more than 250 copyrights listed by BMI. Clark wrote songs for James Ray (and indeed may have discovered the singer), including Ray's moody 1962 R&B and regional pop hit \"\"If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody\"\", later a hit for Freddie and the Dreamers, as well as \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", which became a No. 1 US and No. 2 UK hit for George Harrison in 1987. \"\"Got My Mind Set On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344714", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nin the US the week immediately preceding the induction of The Beatles into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, making Harrison one of the few inductees to have an active single on the US record charts at the time of induction. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the No. 3 song for 1988. The single's B-side is \"\"Lay His Head\"\", a remixed version of the unreleased song from Harrison's originally intended \"\"Somewhere in England\"\" album. The 12-inch version of the single also adds an extended version of \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\". In the UK the single spent four weeks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2359977", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nat number two. It was kept off the number 1 spot by T'Pau's \"\"China in Your Hand\"\". The song was included in the Harrison compilation albums \"\"Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989\"\" (1989) and \"\"\"\" (2009). A live version was recorded for his \"\"Live in Japan\"\" (1992) album. In 2010, AOL radio listeners chose \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\" as one of the \"\"10 Best George Harrison Songs\"\", appearing at number 4 on the list. Two music videos were released for the single, both directed by Gary Weis. The first stars Alexis Denisof trying for the heart of a girl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3526110", "chunk_text": "\"James Ray (singer)\"\nJames Ray (singer) James Ray (1941 – c. 1964), born James Jay Raymond, was an African American R&B singer of the early 1960s best known for the hit single \"\"If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody\"\", which went to number 10 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart. and number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1962. He also recorded the original version of \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", later a number-one hit for George Harrison. Born in Washington, D.C., Ray stood just 5' tall and first recorded as Little Jimmy Ray, releasing \"\"Make Her Mine\"\" on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19321274", "chunk_text": "\"China in Your Hand\"\nChina in Your Hand \"\"China in Your Hand\"\" is a song by the British band T'Pau, released from their album \"\"Bridge of Spies\"\". A re-recorded version was released as a single in October 1987, spending five weeks at number one in the UK and is arguably the song for which the group is best known in their native Britain, though their debut single \"\"Heart and Soul\"\" was a much bigger hit in the United States. \"\"China in Your Hand\"\" was the 600th single to top the UK charts and kept George Harrison's \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\" from hitting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12878281", "chunk_text": "\"James Ray (singer)\"\nsuggest around 1963, 1964 or later in the decade. James Ray (singer) James Ray (1941 – c. 1964), born James Jay Raymond, was an African American R&B singer of the early 1960s best known for the hit single \"\"If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody\"\", which went to number 10 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" R&B chart. and number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1962. He also recorded the original version of \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", later a number-one hit for George Harrison. Born in Washington, D.C., Ray stood just 5' tall and first recorded as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12152660", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind\"\nGot You on My Mind Got You on My Mind is a jazz album by William Galison and Madeleine Peyroux, recorded in 1999, and later compiled into an album by Galison alone in 2003. Seven of its eleven tracks are by the two collaborators, the remainder are by Galison alone. The album is made up of a wide variety of material, ranging from jazz standards like Jerome Kern and Dorothy Fields' \"\"The Way You Look Tonight\"\" to pop songs like John Lennon's \"\"Jealous Guy\"\"; and containing two originals by Galison and one by Galison and Peyroux. The instrumentation is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8623024", "chunk_text": "\"(Baby I've Got You) On My Mind\"\n(Baby I've Got You) On My Mind \"\"(Baby I've Got You) On My Mind\"\" (also known simply as \"\"On My Mind\"\") is the first single from the fifth studio album by Powderfinger, released on 10 November 2003 by Universal Music. It was released as a single in 2003 and reached #9 on the Australian music chart, the band's third highest charting single to date. After two albums of Powderfinger releasing singles that were either acoustic anthems (such as \"\"My Happiness\"\") or ballads (\"\"The Metre\"\" or \"\"The Day You Come\"\"), Powderfinger decided to release a heavy rock song as their new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13147880", "chunk_text": "\"Leavin' on Your Mind\"\nLeavin' on Your Mind \"\"Leavin' on Your Mind\"\" is a famous Country/Pop song written by Wayne Walker and Webb Pierce was popularized by Joyce Smith in 1962. Patsy Cline herself puts a wrinkle into this. The story goes that she was in Owen Bradley’s office one day, heard the record Smith made, and immediately wanted the song for herself. According to Smith, “He said, ‘no you can’t have it. I’m going to see what that Canadian gal does with it.’” Cline apparently said pretty please with sugar on top, but Bradley and the label wouldn’t back down. Smith’s single, released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3526112", "chunk_text": "\"James Ray (singer)\"\nbeing discovered by Freddie and the Dreamers, who took it into the top 5 of the UK Singles Chart the year after. In the United States, Ray's single was followed by an eponymous album that contained the follow-up single \"\"Itty Bitty Pieces\"\", which reached No. 41 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop chart, as well as \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", also written by Clark. An edited version was released later in the year as a single on the Dynamic Sound label. Ray died from a drug overdose soon after his chart success, possibly as early as 1962, though other sources", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9497331", "chunk_text": "\"Cloud Nine (George Harrison album)\"\ncover features Harrison's first American-made guitar, a 1957 Gretsch 6128 that he purchased in Liverpool in 1961. Harrison called it his \"\"old black Gretsch\"\". Harrison gave the guitar to his longtime friend, Klaus Voormann who kept it for 20 years. The guitar had been left in Los Angeles and had been modified. Harrison asked for the return of the guitar, had it restored and used it for the cover shoot. Harrison's cover of Rudy Clark's little-known song \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\" quickly reached number 1 in the United States and number 2 in the United Kingdom. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16416617", "chunk_text": "\"Mind on It\"\nMind on It \"\"Mind on It\"\" is a song by Yungen featuring vocals from British singer Jess Glynne. It was released as a digital download on 16 March 2018. The song peaked at number 47 on the UK Singles Chart. Talking to the Official Charts Company, Yungen said: \"\"Every track I've done with a feature before has been with a male artist, so I knew that when I did one with a female, it had to be someone I was genuinely a fan of, someone who I think, woah, I can't believe I've got you on this track. I let", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13440858", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind (song)\"\nthe Cupcakes 1963, Jerry Lee Lewis 1965, Carl Hall 1966, Sleepy LaBeef 1970, Price Mitchell & Jerri Kelly 1974, Carol Channing & Webb Pierce 1977, and by Dale Sellers. The song was also the title track on albums of the same title by Jean Shephard 1961 and William Galison and Madeleine Peyroux 2004. Got You on My Mind (song) \"\"Got You on My Mind\"\" is a song written by Howard Biggs and Joe Thomas. The lyrics commence: \"\"Got you on my mind feeling kinda sad and low / Wonderin' where you are / wonderin' why you had to go /", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2359978", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nin an amusement arcade. It features Harrison and the band inside a movie viewer, while the young man tries to win a toy ballerina for the girl. The second depicts Harrison sitting and playing in a study. As the song progresses, furniture and knick-knacks (like a stuffed squirrel, sentient chainsaw, a statue and mounted stag and warthog) begin to dance along with the song. In the middle of the video, Harrison (through the use of a stunt double) performs a backflip from his chair and follows it with a dance routine before jumping back to his seat. The second received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13147883", "chunk_text": "\"Leavin' on Your Mind\"\nalbum was a huge hit and is still being sold today. (If You've Got) \"\"Leavin' On Your Mind\"\", written by Wayne Walker and Webb Pierce was first recorded by Joyce Smith in September 1961 and was released in March 1962. She had just signed with Decca Records. The Smith version peaked at #126 in the Music Vendor charts w/e 4/9/62. Joyce found herself in Nashville's famed Columbia Studios working with the Legendary Owen Bradley, The Jordanaires, and session players the likes of Pete Drake, Buddy Harmon, Harold Bradley, Billy Grammer and Bobby Moore. The week she recorded Leavin' On Your", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13147886", "chunk_text": "\"Leavin' on Your Mind\"\nof the song for her LeAnn Rimes (album) in 1999. Rissi Palmer recorded a cover of the song for her self-titled debut album in 2007. It was also covered by Lorrie Morgan for her 2009 album, \"\"A Moment in Time\"\", from which it was released as a single. It was also recorded by The Czars and appears on their 2006 compilation album \"\"Sorry I Made You Cry\"\". Terri Clark also covered it for her 2012 album Classic. Leavin' on Your Mind \"\"Leavin' on Your Mind\"\" is a famous Country/Pop song written by Wayne Walker and Webb Pierce was popularized by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7333512", "chunk_text": "\"On My Mind (Ellie Goulding song)\"\nOn My Mind (Ellie Goulding song) \"\"On My Mind\"\" is a song by English singer Ellie Goulding from her third studio album, \"\"Delirium\"\" (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on 17 September 2015. It was written by Goulding, Max Martin, Savan Kotecha and Ilya Salmanzadeh. \"\"On My Mind\"\" is an electropop and R&B song whose instrumentation consists of scratchy guitars, trap drums, slapped beats and sharp, syncopated electronica. Lyrically, \"\"On My Mind\"\" talks about a one-night stand with someone the protagonist should not be with, having a dichotomy between heart and head. Though firmly denied by Goulding,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8995373", "chunk_text": "\"Mind on You (Guy Sebastian song)\"\nMind on You (Guy Sebastian song) \"\"Mind on You\"\" is a song by Australian recording artist Guy Sebastian. It was released on 10 March 2017 as the third and final single from Sebastian's extended play \"\"Part 1\"\" (2016). Sebastian told Nova 96.9, \"\"This song, I guess it's just a kind of soulful song about last night. You know when you meet somebody and you have a great time or you’re just with somebody you know and you're just having an amazing night and then it just lingers. That's that feeling - you just can’t get it out of your mind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691733", "chunk_text": "\"She's on My Mind\"\nShe's on My Mind 'She's On My Mind' is a song by English singer JP Cooper. It was released as the fourth single of his debut studio album \"\"Raised Under Grey Skies\"\". The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 21 July 2017 through Island Records. The song has charted in Belgium. The song was written by John Paul Cooper, Teemu Brunila, Benjamin McIldowie and Jon Cobbe Hume. In an interview with Fortitude Magazine, JP Cooper talked about the single by saying, \"\"The title says it all, 'She’s on My Mind' is a song about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3393379", "chunk_text": "\"Mind Playing Tricks on Me\"\nMind Playing Tricks on Me \"\"Mind Playing Tricks on Me\"\" is a single by the Geto Boys, featured on their 1991 album \"\"We Can't Be Stopped\"\". The lyrics used within describe various mental states such as posttraumatic stress disorder. The sample used in the song is \"\"Hung Up On My Baby\"\" by Isaac Hayes from his 1974 film \"\"Tough Guys\"\". It was the only number-one single (chart: Hot Rap Singles) ever released by the Geto Boys. It reached #23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, making it the highest charting single by the Geto Boys. It was also certified Gold by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15536869", "chunk_text": "\"She's on My Mind\"\nreleased onto YouTube on 20 July 2017 at a total length of two minutes and fifty-nine seconds. An official promo video - clocking at three minutes and fifteen seconds - also appeared online on 27 September 2017. A live stripped back version of the song filmed in a mocked-up cafe has been uploaded by Vevo too. She's on My Mind 'She's On My Mind' is a song by English singer JP Cooper. It was released as the fourth single of his debut studio album \"\"Raised Under Grey Skies\"\". The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4969334", "chunk_text": "\"You on My Mind\"\nYou on My Mind \"\"You on My Mind\"\" is a song by the British pop group Swing Out Sister. It was the lead-off single from the group's second album, \"\"Kaleidoscope World\"\". It featured a more sophisticated blend of musical components. The extended version begins with the quote \"\"Why don't you just relax and have your orange juice and shut up, Delgetti?\"\" by Steve McQueen, which was featured in the film \"\"Bullitt\"\". The music video was strongly inspired by the 1968 cult film, \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\". You On My Mind (Vinyl 7\"\") 872964-7 You On My Mind (CD Maxi) 874", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16249804", "chunk_text": "\"Got to Get You Off My Mind\"\nGot to Get You Off My Mind \"\"Got to Get You Off My Mind\"\" is a 1965 soul single written and performed by Solomon Burke. The single was produced by Jerry Wexler, and was the most successful of Burke's long career, becoming his highest-charting single on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"\"Got to Get You Off My Mind\"\" was number one on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s R&B Singles chart for three weeks and made the Top 40 on the pop singles chart. Burke recorded the song, one of four, during a recording session on January 22, 1965. The song was written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20216652", "chunk_text": "\"Big John Greer\"\nBig John Greer Big John Greer (November 21, 1923 – May 12, 1972) was an American blues tenor saxophonist and vocalist, best known for his recordings from 1948 to 1956, which included \"\"Got You on My Mind\"\" and \"\"Bottle It Up and Go.\"\" Born John Marshall Greer in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States, he was a friend of Henry Glover from childhood, and both attended college at Alabama A&M together. Glover was playing in Lucky Millinder's band when Bull Moose Jackson left the group in 1948; Glover suggested that Greer be chosen as Jackson's replacement. Greer played with Bob Shad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20216654", "chunk_text": "\"Big John Greer\"\nworked with Hal Singer and Bill Doggett. By 1957, Greer had developed extended troubles with alcoholism, and he moved back to his home town of Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he died in 1972 at age 48. Big John Greer Big John Greer (November 21, 1923 – May 12, 1972) was an American blues tenor saxophonist and vocalist, best known for his recordings from 1948 to 1956, which included \"\"Got You on My Mind\"\" and \"\"Bottle It Up and Go.\"\" Born John Marshall Greer in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States, he was a friend of Henry Glover from childhood, and both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4969335", "chunk_text": "\"You on My Mind\"\n229-2 You On My Mind (Vinyl 12\"\") 872 965-1, SWING 612 You on My Mind \"\"You on My Mind\"\" is a song by the British pop group Swing Out Sister. It was the lead-off single from the group's second album, \"\"Kaleidoscope World\"\". It featured a more sophisticated blend of musical components. The extended version begins with the quote \"\"Why don't you just relax and have your orange juice and shut up, Delgetti?\"\" by Steve McQueen, which was featured in the film \"\"Bullitt\"\". The music video was strongly inspired by the 1968 cult film, \"\"The Thomas Crown Affair\"\". You On My", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4264425", "chunk_text": "\"You Were on My Mind\"\nYou Were on My Mind \"\"You Were on My Mind\"\" is a popular song written by Sylvia Fricker in 1962, in a bathtub in a suite at the Hotel Earle in Greenwich Village. She wrote it in the bathroom because \"\"it was the only place ... the cockroaches would not go\"\". It was originally performed by Fricker and her future husband Ian Tyson as the duo Ian & Sylvia, and they recorded it for their 1964 album, \"\"Northern Journey\"\". It was published in sheet form by M. Witmark & Sons of New York City in 1965. In 1965, the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12838756", "chunk_text": "\"Always on My Mind (Tiki Taane song)\"\nAlways on My Mind (Tiki Taane song) \"\"Always On My Mind\"\" is a single by the New Zealand singer Tiki Taane. It was released as the first single from Taane's first solo album, \"\"Past, Present, Future\"\". It reached number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart. The song has been certified 2x Platinum and made it to #1 in New Zealand, knocking Chris Brown off the top spot after a seven-week reign. The song spent nineteen non-consecutive weeks in the top ten, including two weeks at number one, and a total of fifty-five weeks in the chart so far. \"\"Always", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8623026", "chunk_text": "\"(Baby I've Got You) On My Mind\"\nYou) On My Mind.\"\" It is alleged that Bernard Fanning implicitly wrote the lyrics as a tribute to former radio and television personality John Burgess. The album's artwork is of a painted ship entitled \"\"On My Mind\"\". The design style of the cover and case is in the same style as the other singles from \"\"Vulture Street\"\", however all are very different from the album itself, except for the use of highly contrasting colours. The music video for \"\"On My Mind\"\" was directed by Scott Walton. The video, like the group's previous single \"\"Like a Dog\"\", was filmed in black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6166578", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind (Jean Shepard album)\"\nGot You on My Mind (Jean Shepard album) Got You on My Mind is the third studio album released by American country artist, Jean Shepard. The album was issued in February 1961 on Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Nelson. The album would be one of a series of albums Shepard would record for the Capitol label during the sixties. Although the album did not spawn singles, it was one of country music's first records by a female artist. \"\"Got You on My Mind\"\" was recorded in three separate studio sessions between April 4 and April 11, 1960. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1352339", "chunk_text": "\"There's Something on Your Mind\"\nThere's Something on Your Mind \"\"There's Something on Your Mind (Part 2)\"\" is a 1960 song by Bobby Marchan. The single was Marchan's most successful release on both the R&B and pop singles chart. \"\"There's Something on Your Mind\"\" made it to number one on the R&B charts and number thirty-one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The song was originally recorded as \"\"There Is Something on Your Mind\"\" in 1957 by Big Jay McNeely and his band in a small Seattle recording studio, and leased more than a year later to Los Angeles disc jockey Hunter Hancock's Swingin' Records label,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8581636", "chunk_text": "\"George Harrison\"\nthis rubbish in my ear, trying to throw me.\"\" In November 1987 Harrison released the platinum album \"\"Cloud Nine\"\". Co-produced with Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), the album included Harrison's rendition of James Ray's \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", which went to number one in the US and number two in the UK. The accompanying music video received substantial airplay, and another single, \"\"When We Was Fab\"\", a retrospective of the Beatles' career, earned two MTV Music Video Awards nominations in 1988. Recorded at his estate in Friar Park, Harrison's slide guitar playing featured prominently on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967531", "chunk_text": "\"Money on My Mind\"\nMoney on My Mind \"\"Money on My Mind\"\" is a song by English singer Sam Smith, and the second single from his debut studio album, \"\"In the Lonely Hour\"\" (2014). The song was released in Italy on 27 December 2013. It was later released in the UK on 12 February 2014 and in Germany on 16 February 2014. The song peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and number 4 on the Irish Singles Chart. The song also charted in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. The song was written by Sam Smith and Ben Ash, produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4461673", "chunk_text": "\"Always on My Mind\"\nAlways on My Mind \"\"Always on My Mind\"\" is a song by Johnny Christopher, Mark James, and Wayne Carson, recorded first by B.J. Thomas in 1969, then Gwen McCrae (as \"\"You Were Always on My Mind\"\") and Brenda Lee in 1972. The song has been a crossover hit, charting in both the country and western and pop categories. AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers. While Brenda Lee's version had stalled at number 45 on the country charts in 1972, other performers reached the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18025564", "chunk_text": "\"On My Mind (Cody Simpson song)\"\nOn My Mind (Cody Simpson song) \"\"On My Mind\"\" is a single from Australian singer Cody Simpson. The song was written by Nasri, Julie Frost, Fraser T Smith, and Mike Caren. It was heavily sampled from the 1986 song, \"\"Your Love\"\", by The Outfield. It was released on iTunes 23 May 2011. \"\"On My Mind\"\" was released on iTunes 23 May 2011. Simpson performed \"\"On My Mind\"\" on CBS's \"\"The Early Show\"\" on 4 June 2011. Simpson also performed the song on Justin Bieber's \"\"Believe Tour\"\" Simpson's video was released on 17 June 2011. The video was directed by Travis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6166580", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind (Jean Shepard album)\"\nof new material and covers of songs by other music artists. Included in the record were cover versions of George Jones's \"\"Waltz of the Angels\"\", Buck Owens' \"\"Under Your Spell Again\"\", and the folk song \"\"Big Midnight Special\"\". \"\"Got You on My Mind\"\" was officially released a year after it was recorded in February 1961. It became Shepard's third studio album and fourth album to be issued under Capitol Records. The official album consisted of twelve tracks and was originally released on Vinyl. Singles were not spawned from the original release of the record. Additionally, the record did not chart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2121609", "chunk_text": "\"What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy)\"\nnumber 74 on the countdown despite the fact that the group had two other top 40 hits: \"\"Walking Away\"\" (number 9) and \"\"Think\"\" (number 28). The song was a big hit in the US, spending 25 weeks on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, peaking at number three in October 1988. The song was featured in \"\"Loverboy\"\" and \"\"American Psycho\"\". A remixed version was included in . In 1989, Pittsburgh radio station WYDD-FM executed an early viral marketing plan by playing this song non-stop in a loop for 25½ hours — focusing on a repeat of the \"\"Pure Energy\"\" sample from Leonard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2102590", "chunk_text": "\"Mind on It\"\nmy team reach out instead of me, because if she [Jess Glynne] said no to them and not me, it wouldn't hurt as much [laughs]. But she was up for it. Then we got in the studio and she is such a cool girl to work with - she's in this for the music.\"\" Mind on It \"\"Mind on It\"\" is a song by Yungen featuring vocals from British singer Jess Glynne. It was released as a digital download on 16 March 2018. The song peaked at number 47 on the UK Singles Chart. Talking to the Official Charts Company,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2244771", "chunk_text": "\"Parking Lot (song)\"\nof Postmedia News agreed, calling it \"\"the album’s best moment, sounding like a Gwen Stefani-M.I.A mash-up\"\". Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine also saw similarities with Gwen Stefani, writing that \"\"it sounds like she's trying to win a bet that she could turn the hook from George Harrison's 'Got My Mind Set on You' into a new Hollaback Girl.\"\" Scott Shetler of \"\"Pop Crush\"\" wrote that the song \"\"has a nice groove punctuated by strong drums, sing-along chants, and possibly even a cowbell in the background. We like it even more than the two official singles we’ve heard so far from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12868648", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind\"\nmaking with him to be in stores when the Rounder album came out. Peyroux's contract prohibited her from selling the seven tracks she made with Galison except at live performances. When Galison tried to market the record with another label, both Rounder Records and Peyroux's lawyers threatened to sue him and his distributor for copyright infringement. After Galison's potential distributors dropped him, Galison sued Peyroux and her lawyers for libel and tortious interference. Galison also sued Rounder Records, but later dropped their name from the suit. Rounder Records commented that Galison may be using the legal dispute as an \"\"ill-advised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12868649", "chunk_text": "\"Got You on My Mind\"\nattempt ... to trade on the name and reputation of Ms Peyroux to boost his career by passing off an inferior version of a Madeleine Peyroux album.\"\" They also asserted that they had obtained \"\"directly and from Ms Peyroux, evidence of numerous incidents of physically and verbally abusive behaviour by Mr Galison against Ms Peyroux\"\". Peyroux has since countersued Galison for several million dollars for among other things, using her name without permission to increase CD sales, and for not paying her royalties. Galison claimed that he intends to pay royalties to Peyroux when he earns a profit. All songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5326649", "chunk_text": "\"Dorian Gray (UK singer)\"\nDorian Gray (UK singer) Dorian Gray is the stage name of Tony Ellingham, an English pop singer who had a UK Top 40 hit with \"\"I've Got You on My Mind\"\" in 1968. Sang first with popular Gravesend band 'The Casuals', educated at St Georges School Gravesend Kent. He was born in Gravesend, Kent. After leaving the music industry for a while, he started the band Unit Five in 1974. \"\"I've Got You on My Mind\"\" has appeared on compilation albums, including \"\"BBC Sounds of the 60's\"\" (November 2011) and \"\"Honey Honey\"\" (August 2013); both albums made the top ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16805319", "chunk_text": "\"You Were on My Mind\"\nseries of guitar chords. In the United Kingdom Crispian St. Peters scored a #2 hit with the song in 1966. This version was also released in the United States in 1967 and went to #36 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. It was featured on his album, \"\"Follow Me...\"\" Ian and Sylvia re-recorded the song in 1972 with their band Great Speckled Bird, reaching #4 on the Canadian easy listening chart. Other notable recordings include versions by: You Were on My Mind \"\"You Were on My Mind\"\" is a popular song written by Sylvia Fricker in 1962, in a bathtub in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11660573", "chunk_text": "\"Songs by George Harrison\"\nmarred by the effects of laryngitis; it remains the only vocal performance from that tour to have been made available outside of concert bootlegs. While \"\"Lay His Head\"\" was issued as the B-side to his 1987 single \"\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\", the \"\"Songs by George Harrison\"\" EP remains the sole official release for this live version of \"\"For You Blue\"\" and for the studio tracks \"\"Sat Singing\"\" and \"\"Flying Hour\"\". Genesis undertook a single print run for the book, after which \"\"Songs by George Harrison\"\" became a highly priced collector's item. It was followed by a second volume,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_745	two main types of research methods used in psychology?	n/a	[ "quantitative data", "quantitative", "Quantitative psychological research", "qualitative", "Experimental research", "Qualitative psychological research", "qualitative data", "Correlational research", "Descriptive research" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9742888", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological research\"\nPsychological research Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviours of individuals or groups. Their research can have educational, occupational and clinical applications. Psychologists use many research methods, and categorical distinctions of these methods have emerged. Methods can be categorized by the kind of data they produce: qualitative or quantitative—and both these are used for pure or applied research. Psychology tends to be eclectic, applying knowledge from other fields. Some of its methods are used within other areas of research, especially in the social and behavioural sciences. The field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9742903", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological research\"\nConsequently, however, these methods reduce the researcher's control over the type of data collected. Web and others regard these methods as an additional tools to use with the more common \"\"reactive\"\" and \"\"intrusive methods\"\". Psychological research Psychological research refers to research that psychologists conduct for systematic study and for analysis of the experiences and behaviours of individuals or groups. Their research can have educational, occupational and clinical applications. Psychologists use many research methods, and categorical distinctions of these methods have emerged. Methods can be categorized by the kind of data they produce: qualitative or quantitative—and both these are used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15767395", "chunk_text": "\"Qualitative psychological research\"\nin phenomenology, ethnomethodology, and naturalistic behaviourism. Its research methods are derived from ethnography and anthropology. In psychology, the research methods commonly classified as qualitative include: The data collected by researchers using these techniques consist of: After collecting data, qualitative psychological researchers' goal is to examine their data in depth and in detail. Most psychological researchers probably use both types of method. In particular, qualitative methods are widely used as exploratory methods; the results of qualitative analysis are used to design quantitative research which tests null hypotheses derived from the qualitative observations. Those psychological researchers who prefer qualitative research argue that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13294056", "chunk_text": "Psychology\ndesigned to answer questions about the current state of affairs such as the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals is known as \"\"descriptive research\"\". Descriptive research can be qualitative or quantitative in orientation. \"\"Qualitative research\"\" is descriptive research that is focused on observing and describing events as they occur, with the goal of capturing all of the richness of everyday behavior and with the hope of discovering and understanding phenomena that might have been missed if only more cursory examinations have been made. Qualitative psychological research methods include interviews, first-hand observation, and participant observation. Creswell (2003) identifies five main possibilities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9742889", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological research\"\nof psychology commonly uses experimental methods in what is known as experimental psychology. Researchers design experiments to test specific hypotheses (the deductive approach), or to evaluate functional relationships (the inductive approach). The method of experimentation involves an experimenter changing some influence—the \"\"independent variable(IV)\"\"— on the research subjects, and studying the effects it produces on an expected aspect—the \"\"dependent variable (DV)\"\"— of the subjects behaviour or experience. Other variables researchers consider in experimentation are known as the \"\"extraneous variables\"\", and are either \"\"controllable\"\" or \"\"confounding\"\" (more than one variable at play). Confounding variables are external variables that are not taken into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3243350", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological research\"\nexisting data. The existing data is collected to answer research questions. Existing data sources may include statistical records, survey archives, and written records. Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and ethnicity. For example, researchers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are remarkably similar in most areas, but differ only in age. Longitudinal research is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11149763", "chunk_text": "\"Qualitative psychological research\"\nare two different analytical procedures: Meaning and discovery-Focused approaches. Meaning-focused approaches emphasize meaning comprehension. In other words, try to understand the subjective meaning of experiences for the participants, instead of placing those meanings into researchers’ own conceptions. Discovery-focused techniques aim to establish patterns and connections among elements of data. However, no matter which procedure is used, it is essential to apply an effective system for retrieving data because of the identity of qualitative data analysis, which is exploring data progressively. There are also a variety of the available analysis tools and strategies for qualitative data analysis. There are many computer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3318503", "chunk_text": "\"Single-subject research\"\nSingle-subject research Single-subject research is a group of research methods that are used extensively in the experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis with both human and non-human participants. Principal methods in this type of research are: A-B-A-B designs, Multi-element designs, Multiple Baseline designs, Repeated acquisition designs, Brief experimental designs and Combined designs. These methods form the heart of the data collection and analytic code of behavior analysis. Behavior analysis is data driven, inductive, and disinclined to hypothetico-deductive methods. Statistical methods have been largely ignored. Experimental questions are decisive in determining the nature of the experimental design to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15966061", "chunk_text": "\"Quantitative research\"\nvariable. In most physical and biological sciences, the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods is uncontroversial, and each is used when appropriate. In the social sciences, particularly in sociology, social anthropology and psychology, the use of one or other type of method can be a matter of controversy and even ideology, with particular schools of thought within each discipline favouring one type of method and pouring scorn on to the other. The majority tendency throughout the history of social science, however, is to use eclectic approaches-by combining both methods. Qualitative methods might be used to understand the meaning of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475433", "chunk_text": "Psychology\na study). Exploratory data analysis refers to a variety of practices which researchers can use to visualize and analyze existing sets of data. In Peirce's three modes of inference, exploratory data analysis corresponds to abduction, or hypothesis formation. Meta-analysis is the technique of integrating the results from multiple studies and interpreting the statistical properties of the pooled dataset. A classic and popular tool used to relate mental and neural activity is the electroencephalogram (EEG), a technique using amplified electrodes on a person's scalp to measure voltage changes in different parts of the brain. Hans Berger, the first researcher to use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10444829", "chunk_text": "\"Field research\"\ngathered in the field. One of the two most common methods of data analysis are thematic analysis and narrative analysis. As mentioned before, the type of analysis a researcher decides to use depends on the research question asked, the researcher's field, and the researcher's personal method of choice. In anthropology, field research is organized so as to produce a kind of writing called ethnography. Ethnography can refer to both a methodology and a product of research, namely a monograph or book. Ethnography is a grounded, inductive method that heavily relies on participant-observation. Participant observation is a structured type of research", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "699625", "chunk_text": "\"Observational techniques\"\nresearch is flexibility. The researchers can change their approach as needed. Observational research measures behavior directly, rather than the subject's self-reports of behavior or intentions. The main disadvantage is it is limited to behavioral variables. It cannot be used to study cognitive or affective variables. Generally, there are three methods used to collect data in observational research: In marketing research, the most frequently used types of observational techniques are: Observational techniques In marketing and the social sciences, observational research (or field research) is a social research technique that involves the direct observation of phenomena in their natural setting. This differentiates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15293452", "chunk_text": "\"Quantitative psychological research\"\nquantitative psychological research. Typically a project begins with the collection of data based on a theory or hypothesis, followed by the application of descriptive or inferential statistical methods. Often it is necessary to collect a very large volume of data, which require validating, verifying and recording. Software packages such as SPSS and R are typically used for this purpose, and for subsequent analysis. Causal relationships are studied by manipulating factors thought to influence the phenomena of interest while controlling other variables relevant to the experimental outcomes. Researchers might measure and study the relationship between education and measurable psychological effects, whilst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15586399", "chunk_text": "\"Developmental psychology\"\nbe clinical interviews or structured interviews; clinical or case study method; and ethnography or participant observation. These methods differ in the extent of control researchers impose on study conditions, and how they construct ideas about which variables to study. Every developmental investigation can be characterized in terms of whether its underlying strategy involves the \"\"experimental\"\", \"\"correlational\"\", or \"\"case study\"\" approach. The experimental method involves \"\"actual manipulation of various treatments, circumstances, or events to which the participant or subject is exposed; the \"\"experimental design\"\" points to cause-and-effect relationships. This method allows for strong inferences to be made of causal relationships between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4741579", "chunk_text": "Multimethodology\nresearch undertaking is now considered a common feature of good research. A research \"\"approach\"\" refers to an integrated set of research principles and general procedural guidelines. Approaches are broad, holistic (but general) methodological guides or roadmaps that are associated with particular research motives or analytic interests. Two examples of analytic interests are population frequency distributions and prediction. Examples of research approaches include experiments, surveys, correlational studies, ethnographic research, and phenomenological inquiry. Each approach is ideally suited to addressing a particular analytic interest. For instance, experiments are ideally suited to addressing nomothetic explanations or probable cause; surveys — population frequency descriptions,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3243351", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological research\"\na type of research method used to discover relationships between variables that are not related to various background variables. This observational research technique involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time. Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study. In some cases, longitudinal studies can last several decades. Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior. Essentially, cohort refers to people who are approximately the same age. When researchers conduct different types of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475321", "chunk_text": "Psychology\nmental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors. Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivation (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13293990", "chunk_text": "Psychology\nbehaviorism is also commonly referred to as behavior modification or behavior analysis. Cognitive psychology studies cognition, the mental processes underlying mental activity. Perception, attention, reasoning, thinking, problem solving, memory, learning, language, and emotion are areas of research. Classical cognitive psychology is associated with a school of thought known as cognitivism, whose adherents argue for an information processing model of mental function, informed by functionalism and experimental psychology. On a broader level, cognitive science is an interdisciplinary enterprise of cognitive psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, researchers in artificial intelligence, linguists, human–computer interaction, computational neuroscience, logicians and social scientists. Computer simulations are sometimes used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15293451", "chunk_text": "\"Quantitative psychological research\"\nQuantitative psychological research Quantitative psychological research is defined as psychological research which performs mathematical modeling and statistical estimation or statistical inference or a means for testing objective theories by examining the relationship between variables. The first definition distinguishes it from qualitative psychological research; however, there has been a long debate on the difference between quantitative and qualitative research. It has been argued that because this debated has not found an end, the differences are enough that both quantitative and qualitative research is valuable in ways that both should be used in the gathering of data. Statistics is widely used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3661612", "chunk_text": "\"Research design\"\ninvolved with a group, organization, culture, or community. Normally the researcher shares a lot of time with the group. Grounded theory research is a systematic research process that works to develop \"\"a process, and action or an interaction about a substantive topic\"\". Research design A research design is the set of methods and procedures used in collecting and analyzing measures of the variables specified in the research problem research. The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlation, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475431", "chunk_text": "Psychology\n5% probability of being explained by random variation. Statistical surveys are used in psychology for measuring attitudes and traits, monitoring changes in mood, checking the validity of experimental manipulations, and for other psychological topics. Most commonly, psychologists use paper-and-pencil surveys. However, surveys are also conducted over the phone or through e-mail. Web-based surveys are increasingly used to conveniently reach many subjects. Neuropsychological tests, such as the Wechsler scales and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, are mostly questionnaires or simple tasks used which assess a specific type of mental function in the respondent. These can be used in experiments, as in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15586401", "chunk_text": "\"Developmental psychology\"\ndoes not permit determination of cause-and-effect relationships among variables. The case study approach allows investigations to obtain an in-depth understanding of an individual participant by collecting data based on interviews, structured questionnaires, observations, and test scores. Each of these methods have its strengths and weaknesses but the experimental method when appropriate is the preferred method of developmental scientists because it provides a controlled situation and conclusions to be drawn about cause-and-effect relationships. Most developmental studies, regardless of whether they employ the experimental, correlational, or case study method, can also be constructed using research designs. Research designs are logical frameworks used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12727077", "chunk_text": "\"Scholarly method\"\nfrom the systematic manipulation of variables. The experimental method investigates causal relationships among variables. An experiment is a cornerstone of the empirical approach to acquiring data about the world and is used in both natural sciences and social sciences. An experiment can be used to help solve practical problems and to support or negate theoretical assumptions. The scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10485978", "chunk_text": "\"Qualitative research\"\nproject may vary with the disciplinary background, such as a psychologist seeking in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior for example. Qualitative methods are best for researching many of the \"\"why\"\" and \"\"how\"\" questions of human experience, in making a decision for example (not just \"\"what\"\", \"\"where\"\", \"\"when\"\", or \"\"who\"\"); and have a strong basis in the field of sociology to understand government and social programs. Qualitative research is widely used by political science, social work, and education researchers. In the conventional view of statisticians, qualitative methods produce explanations only of the particular cases studied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6374432", "chunk_text": "\"Research design\"\nResearch design A research design is the set of methods and procedures used in collecting and analyzing measures of the variables specified in the research problem research. The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlation, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis plan. A research design is a framework that has been created to find answers to research questions. There are many ways to classify research designs, but sometimes the distinction is artificial and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3481989", "chunk_text": "Research\nstudent's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc. The word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15767390", "chunk_text": "\"Qualitative psychological research\"\nQualitative psychological research In psychology, qualitative research has come to be defined as research whose findings are not arrived at by statistical or other quantitative procedures. Qualitative research is often said to be \"\"naturalistic\"\". That is, its goal is to understand behaviour in a natural setting. Two other goals attributed to qualitative research are understanding a phenomenon from the perspective of the research participant and understanding the meanings people give to their experience. It attempts to do this by using so-called naturalistic methods—interviewing, observation, ethnography, participant observation and focus groups. Each of these methods seeks to understand the perspective of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10082421", "chunk_text": "\"Methods used to study memory\"\nG.E. Müller who continued the tradition of lists of items to conduct memory experiments on human subjects and using behavioral data to develop models of memory. The two most common types of memory studied using these methods are recognition and recall. Recognition memory is the ability to judge whether or not the cued item was previously presented on the list usually with a yes or no response. This memory is akin to the type of memory used for police line-ups. The particular task described used to be called \"\"item recognition\"\". Scientists study the rates of hits (correct \"\"yes\"\" responses) related", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13663911", "chunk_text": "\"Online research methods\"\nmedia or web-based experiments within social media that are entirely under the control of researchers, e.g. those created with the software Social Lab. Online research methods Online research methods (ORMs) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet. They are also referred to as Internet research, Internet science or iScience, or Web-based methods. Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of new technologies and conditions associated with the internet. The field is relatively new and evolving. With the growth of social medias a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9742896", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological research\"\nthat has particular importance in development psychology, is known as the \"\"baby biography\"\", and was used by psychologists such as Jean Piaget. Other recording methods can include video or audio. For example, forensic psychologists record custodial interrogations to aid law enforcement. A \"\"case study\"\"—or \"\"case report\"\"—is an intensive analysis of a person, group, or event that stresses developmental factors related to the context. Case studies may be descriptive or explanatory. Explanatory case studies explore causation to identify underlying principles. However, there is a debate to whether case studies count as a scientific research method. Clinical psychologists use case studies most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475428", "chunk_text": "Psychology\nrandom allocation of subjects to conditions allows researchers to make strong inferences about causal relationships. In an experiment, the researcher alters parameters of influence, called independent variables, and measures resulting changes of interest, called dependent variables. Prototypical experimental research is conducted in a laboratory with a carefully controlled environment. Repeated-measures experiments are those which take place through intervention on multiple occasions. In research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy, experimenters often compare a given treatment with placebo treatments, or compare different treatments against each other. Treatment type is the independent variable. The dependent variables are outcomes, ideally assessed in several ways", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2565375", "chunk_text": "\"Psychological statistics\"\nExperimental Methods are very popular in psychology. It has more than 100 years tradition. Experimental psychology has a status of sub-discipline in psychology . The statistical methods are applied for designing and analyzing experimental data. They involve, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA, MANCOVA, binomial test, chi-square etc. are used for the analysis of the experimental data. Multivariate behavioral research is becoming very popular in psychology. These methods include Multiple Regression and Prediction; Moderated and Mediated Regression Analysis; Logistics Regression; Canonical Correlations; Cluster analysis; Multi-level modeling; Survival-Failure analysis; Structural Equations Modeling; hierarchical linear modelling etc. are very useful for psychological statistics (Hayes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12059127", "chunk_text": "Psycholinguist\nare sometimes categorized into separate groups by the models and theories in which they believe. The two main groups, either interactive or autonomous, are based on ideas of language processing. Psycholinguists who support the interactive side, believe that our levels of processing for language work side-by-side and share information as words are received. The other argument is the autonomous side, which believes that the levels of processing for language occur independent of one another. When conducting research, psycholinguists use a variety of techniques that can involve qualitative and/or quantitative data. Typical methods of research include: observation (language recording), experimentation (issuing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15694241", "chunk_text": "\"Applied psychology\"\nApplied psychology Applied psychology is the use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience. Mental health, organizational psychology, business management, education, health, product design, ergonomics, and law are just a few of the areas that have been influenced by the application of psychological principles and findings. Some of the areas of applied psychology include clinical psychology, counseling psychology, evolutionary psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, legal psychology, neuropsychology, occupational health psychology, human factors, forensic psychology, engineering psychology, school psychology, sports psychology, traffic psychology, community psychology, medical psychology. In addition,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15694272", "chunk_text": "\"Applied psychology\"\nApplied psychology Applied psychology is the use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience. Mental health, organizational psychology, business management, education, health, product design, ergonomics, and law are just a few of the areas that have been influenced by the application of psychological principles and findings. Some of the areas of applied psychology include clinical psychology, counseling psychology, evolutionary psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, legal psychology, neuropsychology, occupational health psychology, human factors, forensic psychology, engineering psychology, school psychology, sports psychology, traffic psychology, community psychology, medical psychology. In addition,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4741575", "chunk_text": "Multimethodology\nMultimethodology Multimethodology or multimethod research includes the use of more than one method of data collection or research in a research study or set of related studies. Mixed methods research is more specific in that it includes the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data, methods, methodologies, and/or paradigms in a research study or set of related studies. One could argue that mixed methods research is a special case of multimethod research. Another applicable, but less often used label, for multi or mixed research is methodological pluralism. All of these approaches to professional and academic research emphasize that monomethod research can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15293453", "chunk_text": "\"Quantitative psychological research\"\ncontrolling for other key variables. Quantitatively based surveys are widely used by psychologists, and statistics such as the proportion of respondents who display one or more psychological traits reported. In such surveys, respondents are asked a set of structured questions and their responses are tabulated. The software can then perform correlation analysis or other procedures on the data. Surveys are a common example of how statistics and quantitative research are utilized to gather data. Quantitative research falls under the category of empirical studies (or statistical studies). Research designs include experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, pretest-postest designs, and others. Randomization, the control", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5594887", "chunk_text": "Research\nhistorical, political, cultural, or ethnic. An example of research in the humanities is historical research, which is embodied in historical method. Historians use primary sources and other evidence to systematically investigate a topic, and then to write histories in the form of accounts of the past. Other studies aim to merely examine the occurrence of behaviours in societies and communities, without particularly looking for reasons or motivations to explain these. These studies may be qualitative or quantitative, and can use a variety of approaches, such as queer theory or feminist theory. Artistic research, also seen as 'practice-based research', can take", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8604757", "chunk_text": "\"Qualitative psychological research\"\nand analyzed by researchers in qualitative research. In \"\"qualitative research\"\", the researcher is the primary data collection instrument. Qualitative research involves data collected from participant observations, interviews, questionnaires, phone calls, focus groups etc. Interviewing, focus groups, and participant observation are common modes of qualitative data gathering. Interviews are used in most types of qualitative research. Participant observation is a method particularly employed by ethnographers in the anthropological tradition. It is used to learn about the naturally occurring routines, interactions and practices of a particular group of people in their social environments, and so to understand their culture. When a researcher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10504513", "chunk_text": "\"Social research\"\nSocial research Social research is a research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan. Social research methodologies can be classified as quantitative and qualitative. While methods may be classified as quantitative or qualitative, most methods contain elements of both. For example, qualitative data analysis often involves a fairly structured approach to coding the raw data into systematic information, and quantifying intercoder reliability. Thus, there is often a more complex relationship between \"\"qualitative\"\" and \"\"quantitative\"\" approaches than would be suggested by drawing a simple distinction between them. Social scientists employ a range of methods in order to analyse a vast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475432", "chunk_text": "Psychology\ncase of lesion experiments evaluating the results of damage to a specific part of the brain. Observational studies analyze uncontrolled data in search of correlations; multivariate statistics are typically used to interpret the more complex situation. Cross-sectional observational studies use data from a single point in time, whereas longitudinal studies are used to study trends across the life span. Longitudinal studies track the same people, and therefore detect more individual, rather than cultural, differences. However, they suffer from lack of controls and from confounding factors such as \"\"selective attrition\"\" (the bias introduced when a certain type of subject disproportionately leaves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13294063", "chunk_text": "Psychology\nchoose a procedure they are undergoing. Some of the most common complaints against clinical psychologists include sexual misconduct, and involvement in child custody evaluations. Current ethical guidelines state that using non-human animals for scientific purposes is only acceptable when the harm (physical or psychological) done to animals is outweighed by the benefits of the research. Keeping this in mind, psychologists can use certain research techniques on animals that could not be used on humans. Psychology Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought. It is an academic discipline of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18121217", "chunk_text": "\"Q methodology\"\nQ methodology Q Methodology is a research method used in psychology and in social sciences to study people's \"\"subjectivity\"\"—that is, their viewpoint. Q was developed by psychologist William Stephenson. It has been used both in clinical settings for assessing a patient's progress over time (intra-rater comparison), as well as in research settings to examine how people think about a topic (inter-rater comparisons). The name \"\"Q\"\" comes from the form of factor analysis that is used to analyze the data. Normal factor analysis, called \"\"R method,\"\" involves finding correlations between variables (say, height and age) across a sample of subjects. Q,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13663909", "chunk_text": "\"Online research methods\"\nOnline research methods Online research methods (ORMs) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet. They are also referred to as Internet research, Internet science or iScience, or Web-based methods. Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of new technologies and conditions associated with the internet. The field is relatively new and evolving. With the growth of social medias a new level of complexity and opportunity has been created. Inclusion of social media research can provide unique insights into consumer and societal segments and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15694246", "chunk_text": "\"Applied psychology\"\ntypes of messages will most effectively induce a person to buy a particular product. Using the psychological research methods and the findings in human's cognition, motivation, attitudes and decision making, those can help to design more persuasive advertisement. Their research includes the study of unconscious influences and brand loyalty. However, the effect of unconscious influences was controversial Clinical psychology includes the study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists may also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13663910", "chunk_text": "\"Online research methods\"\ngaining an \"\"emotional\"\" measure of a population on issues of interest. Some specific types of method include: Clinical trials are at the heart of current evidence based medical care. They are, however, traditionally expensive and difficult to undertake. Using internet resources can, in some cases, reduce the economic burden, and may have other benefits in Medicine. Paul et al., in \"\"The Journal of Medical Internet Research\"\", describe the background and methodologies of online clinical trials and list examples. The advent of social media has recently led to new online research methods, for example data mining of large datasets from such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3483127", "chunk_text": "Research\nsuch as census data, which can be re-used for the research. It is good ethical research practice to use secondary data wherever possible. Mixed-method research, i.e. research that includes qualitative and quantitative elements, using both primary and secondary data, is becoming more common. This method has benefits that using one method alone cannot offer. For example, a researcher may choose to conduct a qualitative study and follow it up with a quantitative study to gain additional insights. Big data has brought big impacts on research methods so that now many researchers do not put much effort into data collection; furthermore,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3074701", "chunk_text": "\"Observational methods in psychology\"\nObservational methods in psychology Observational methods in psychological research entail the observation and description of a subject's behavior. Researchers utilizing the observational method can exert varying amounts of control over the environment in which the observation takes place. This makes observational research a sort of middle ground between the highly controlled method of experimental design and the less structured approach of conducting interviews. Time sampling is a sampling method that involves the acquisition of representative samples by observing subjects at different time intervals. These time intervals can be chosen randomly or systematically. If a researcher chooses to use systematic time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15767393", "chunk_text": "\"Qualitative psychological research\"\nwhen applying any findings to other settings (either schools or the general population of children). In addition to the methods for collecting data mentioned above, qualitative research includes a wide range of ways to analyse the data. One of the most popular of these is known as grounded theory. Others include conversation analysis, discourse analysis, thematic analysis, and even historical analysis. Qualitative psychological research emphasizes fieldwork, and this emphasis has been offered as a distinguishing mark. Qualitative psychological research is also described as holistic. That is, qualitative researchers believe in studying phenomena in its context rather than concentrating on narrow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17188818", "chunk_text": "\"Observational methods in psychology\"\nto scientific observation; to arrange conditions so that important antecedent events are controlled and consequent behaviors can be readily observed; and to establish a comparison by manipulating independent variables to determine their effects on behavior. There are three different methods of direction observation with intervention: participant observation, structured observation, and field experiments. Participate observation is characterized as either undisguised or disguised. In undisguised observation, the observed individuals know that the observer is present for the purpose of collecting info about their behavior. This technique is often used to understand the culture and behavior of groups or individuals. In contrast, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_746	who plays peter in what we do in the shadows?	n/a	[ "Ben Fransham" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "549864", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)\"\nalso expected to executive produce alongside Scott Rudin, Paul Simms, Garrett Basch, and Eli Bush. On May 3, 2018, it was announced that FX had given the production a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes, which is expected to premiere in the spring of 2019. Alongside the pilot order announcement, it was confirmed that Kayvan Novak, Matt Berry, Natasia Demetriou, and Harvey Guillen would star in the pilot. On February 7, 2018, it was announced that Doug Jones, Beanie Feldstein, Jake McDorman, Mark Proksch, and Hayden Szeto had been cast in the pilot in roles that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9252929", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Fransham\"\nBen Fransham Ben Fransham is a New Zealand film, television and theatre actor, known for his role in the film \"\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\". Fransham graduated from the New Zealand School of Dance with a third year scholarship diploma in 1991, and then won entry to The London Contemporary Dance School, but did not attend. In 1992 Fransham began freelance work, performing in Paul Jenden's South Island tour of Dance South and in '93, and toured New Zealand with Footnote Dance Company. He made his first dramatic role debut as \"\"Rudy\"\" in Jacqueline Coats's stage production of \"\"Bent\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7464014", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Foree\"\nMaberry. Foree is one of several real-world horror celebrities who are in the fictional town of Pine Deep when monsters attack. Other celebrities include Tom Savini, Jim O'Rear, Brinke Stevens, James Gunn, Stephen Susco, Debbie Rochon, Joe Bob Briggs and blues man Mem Shannon. Ken has his own horror festival titled \"\"Foree Fest\"\". Held in the U.K, the first event took place in 2007, with a second in October 2009 and a third event in 2013. Ken Foree Ken Foree (born February 29, 1948) is an American actor, best known as the protagonist Peter from the horror film \"\"Dawn of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18737991", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n'open' to production of a second season, but has yet to secure funding from New Zealand On Air, the New Zealand broadcasting funding agency An American version of the film is being planned, to be developed as a television series. A pilot has been ordered by FX. The pilot will feature Kayvan Novak, Matt Berry, Natasia Demetriou, and Harvey Guillen; and executive produced by Scott Rudin, Paul Simms, Garrett Basch, and Eli Bush. On 3 May 2018, FX picked up the pilot to series with an order of 10 episodes set to premiere in 2019. What We Do in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19348883", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)\"\nhad the potential to recur should the production receive a series order. On April 11, 2018, it was reported that Hayden Szeto had been cast in the pilot. On October 7, 2018, the series held a panel at the annual New York Comic Con moderated by \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"s Alan Sepinwall and featuring co-creators Taika Waititi and Jemaine Clement, along with fellow executive producer Paul Simms. Before the panel began, the first episode of the series was screened for the audience. What We Do in the Shadows (TV series) What We Do in the Shadows is an upcoming American comedy television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7464012", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Foree\"\nKen Foree Ken Foree (born February 29, 1948) is an American actor, best known as the protagonist Peter from the horror film \"\"Dawn of the Dead\"\" and as Roger Rockmore on the Nickelodeon television sitcom \"\"Kenan & Kel\"\". Foree was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He began acting in the 1970s, appearing in the 1976 film \"\"The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings\"\" and the films \"\"The Wanderers\"\" and \"\"Dawn of the Dead\"\". He also had roles in the films \"\"The Dentist\"\" (1996), \"\"From Beyond\"\" (1986) and \"\"Knightriders\"\" (1981). In 1995 he starred in an X-Files episode. In 2005, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18737983", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\na vampire and ensuring they can be together forever. Scenes during the credits reveal that Vladislav has gotten back together with Pauline and Jackie has made her husband her new familiar. A post-credits scene shows Deacon attempting to hypnotize the audience to forget the events of the film. The film is based on a 2005 short film—\"\"What We Do In The Shadows: Interviews With Some Vampires\"\"—written and directed by Waititi and Clement, and starring Jonny Brugh, Cori Gonzalez-Macuer and Stu Rutherford in their roles of Deacon, Nick and Stu respectively. The feature film adaptation was shot in Wellington in September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20941253", "chunk_text": "\"Wayne Péré\"\na then unknown Sam Rockwell. He also guest starred in \"\"Northern Exposure\"\", \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" and \"\"Nip/Tuck\"\" He was part of the main cast of the short lived series \"\"Dead Last\"\". Péré continued to appear in other shows such as \"\"Underground\"\" and made other appearances in film such as \"\"The Big Short\"\", \"\"Trumbo\"\" and \"\"Free State of Jones\"\". He joined the cast of \"\"Marvel's Cloak & Dagger\"\" as Peter Scarborough. Wayne Péré Wayne Péré, sometimes credited as Wayne Pére or Wayne Pere, is an American actor. Wayne Péré was born in Houma, Louisiana and is the youngest of three brothers. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6544931", "chunk_text": "\"Jacob Batalon\"\nfilm \"\"North Woods\"\". In 2017, Batalon landed his first major role in \"\"\"\", as Peter Parker's friend Ned. He reprised the role in \"\"\"\" the following year. In July 2017, Batalon was cast in young-adult film \"\"Every Day\"\". In 2018, Batalon was confirmed to appear as Ned in the \"\"\"\" in 2019. Batalon has one older sister, who is married. Jacob Batalon Jacob Batalon (pronounced 'Bata-Lone', born October 9, 1996) is an American actor. He is best known for his performance as in \"\"\"\" (2017), \"\"\"\" (2018). He will reprise his role as Ned Leeds in \"\"\"\" (2019). Batalon was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1756443", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Alvarez\"\nTyler Alvarez Tyler Sage Alvarez (born October 25, 1997) is an American actor, known for his roles as Diego Rueda in Nickelodeon's teen sitcom \"\"Every Witch Way\"\" and Peter Maldonado in Netflix's mockumentary series \"\"American Vandal\"\". Alvarez was born in New York City, to a first generation Cuban American father, and a fourth generation Puerto Rican American mother. His father works for the Drug Enforcement Administration and his mother works for a private hospital. He had one older brother, Nico, who passed away in October of 2018. Alvarez's parents divorced when he was a child and both subsequently remarried. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15021239", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Alvarez\"\nNew Black\"\". In 2017, he began playing the lead role of Peter Maldonado in Netflix's true crime mockumentary series \"\"American Vandal\"\". It has been confirmed that he will return for the second season. Tyler Alvarez Tyler Sage Alvarez (born October 25, 1997) is an American actor, known for his roles as Diego Rueda in Nickelodeon's teen sitcom \"\"Every Witch Way\"\" and Peter Maldonado in Netflix's mockumentary series \"\"American Vandal\"\". Alvarez was born in New York City, to a first generation Cuban American father, and a fourth generation Puerto Rican American mother. His father works for the Drug Enforcement Administration and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19348881", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)\"\nWhat We Do in the Shadows (TV series) What We Do in the Shadows is an upcoming American comedy television series based on the 2014 film of the same name that is set to premiere in 2019 on FX. \"\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\" is set in New York City and follows \"\"three vampires who have been roommates for hundreds and hundreds of years.\"\" On January 22, 2018, it was announced that FX had given the production a pilot order. The series is set to be written by Jemaine Clement and directed by Taika Waititi both of whom are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15058606", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Ralph\"\nJason Ralph Jason Ralph (born April 7, 1986) is an American film and stage actor best known for his roles as Peter Pan in \"\"Peter and the Starcatcher\"\" on Broadway and the lead Quentin Coldwater in the Syfy TV series \"\"The Magicians\"\". He was born in McKinney, Texas and studied acting at SUNY Purchase. In 2014, he starred in the comedy-drama movie \"\"I'm Obsessed with You\"\" alongside Manish Dayal, Rachel Brosnahan and Thomas McDonell. In 2014, he played the role of Ian Thompson in the film \"\"A Most Violent Year\"\". In 2015 he played the role of Harrison Dalton, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142776", "chunk_text": "\"James Tarpey\"\nJames Tarpey James Tarpey (born 1994) is a British actor. He was born in Greenwich, London, United Kingdom. He is best known for playing a Young Peter Page in the 2013 comic science fiction movie \"\"The World's End\"\" and playing Willow on the British sitcom \"\"After Hours\"\" since 2015. James is a keen skateboarder and guitarist. James attended the BRIT school for performing arts. James made his stage debut at the Obie Theatre, London, playing the title role in Sarah Nivan's adaptation of \"\"Vernon God Little\"\". In 2012 he was cast as the lead in a short film called \"\"Callum\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9775252", "chunk_text": "\"Doug McGrath\"\nInvincible\"\" (1983), \"\"Always\"\" (1989) and \"\"Ghosts of Mars\"\" (2001). During McGrath's acting time in the U.S. he also appeared in several films alongside Clint Eastwood, including \"\"The Outlaw Josey Wales\"\" (1976), \"\"The Gauntlet\"\" (1977), \"\"Bronco Billy\"\" (1980) and \"\"Pale Rider\"\" (1985). Doug McGrath Doug McGrath (born April 13, 1935) is a Canadian actor whose most notable role was that of \"\"Peter\"\" in the acclaimed Canadian film \"\"Goin' Down the Road\"\" (1970) and its sequel \"\"Down the Road Again\"\" (2011). He also played in acclaimed Canadian films \"\"Wedding in White\"\" (1972), \"\"The Hard Part Begins\"\" (1973), the original \"\"Black Christmas\"\" (1974),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12684737", "chunk_text": "\"Wyatt Oleff\"\nWyatt Oleff Wyatt Jess Oleff (born July 13, 2003) is an American actor known for playing Stanley Uris in the 2017 supernatural horror film \"\"It\"\" as well as its 2019 sequel. Both are directed by Andy Muschietti and based on the 1986 horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. Oleff also had a minor role in the Marvel Studios films \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\" and \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 2\"\", as the young Peter Quill. Oleff was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Doug and Jennifer Oleff, living there for the first seven years of his life. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12935345", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Sumpter\"\nJeremy Sumpter Jeremy Robert Myron Sumpter (born February 5, 1989) is an American actor. His prominent roles include the title role in the 2003 live action film \"\"Peter Pan\"\", Jacob in the 2014 disaster film \"\"Into the Storm\"\", and the recurring role of J. D. McCoy in the NBC television series \"\"Friday Night Lights\"\" (2008–2010). Sumpter was born in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, to Sandy (née Johnson) and Gary Sumpter. He has a twin sister, Jessica, and two other siblings, Travis and Jennifer. His family moved to his mother's hometown, Mount Sterling, Kentucky, when he was ten months old. When Sumpter was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17947773", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Brugh\"\nJonathan Brugh Jonathan Brugh (born 25 April 1970) also known as Jonny Brugh, is a New Zealand comedian, comic actor, musician, voice actor, writer, director, and producer. He is best known for his work in \"\"800 Words\"\" (2014) and \"\"What We Do In The Shadows\"\" (2014). Jonathan Brugh was born in Wellington, New Zealand. His family moved to Auckland in 1977, where he was schooled at Sacred Heart College. He met fellow comedians Jason Hoyte and Brendhan Lovegrove during his time at the Auckland Society of Arts and then later completed a degree in design and photography at Auckland Institute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18737988", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\ncommenting that some of the film's broader moments fell flat but compared it favorably to similar mockumentaries such as \"\"Best in Show\"\". The film was warmly received by UK newspapers, with \"\"The Guardian\"\"s film critic Peter Bradshaw describing it as \"\"the best comedy of the year\"\", while \"\"The Telegraph\"\"s Tim Robey found it \"\"desperately funny\"\". \"\"Film International\"\", in a positive review, commended the film for noting, with a double of Count Orlok locked in the vampires' basement, that the true vampire film tradition is repressed by the current craze. \"\"Variety\"\" was more critical, writing that \"\"Some genre fans who prefer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6314992", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Lacy\"\nJerry Lacy Gerald LeRoy \"\"Jerry\"\" Lacy (born March 27, 1936) is an American soap opera actor best known for playing the roles of Tony Peterson, Reverend Trask, Reverend Gregory Trask, Mr. Trask, and Lamar Trask on the cult TV serial \"\"Dark Shadows\"\". He has also appeared on \"\"The Secret Storm\"\", \"\"As the World Turns\"\" (as Simon Gilbey), \"\"Love of Life\"\" (as Rick Latimer), and \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" (as Jonas). Lacy was born in Sioux City, Iowa. He played Humphrey Bogart in both the Broadway show and film version of Woody Allen's \"\"Play It Again, Sam\"\". During the 1970s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1281732", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Knight\"\nMatthew Knight Matthew Knight (born 1993/1994) is a Canadian actor who made his debut in 2002 when he played Peter in a television episode of \"\"Queer as Folk\"\". He is best known for his role as Jake Kimble in \"\"The Grudge\"\" film series. Since then he has appeared in over a dozen television series, more than ten television movies and a number of feature-length and short films. He has been nominated seven times for a Young Artist Award and has won twice: once for his performance in \"\"Candles on Bay Street\"\" (2006) and once for his performance in \"\"Gooby\"\" (2009).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17005028", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Van Patten\"\nTim Van Patten Timothy Van Patten (born June 10, 1959) is an American television director, actor, screenwriter, and producer. He has directed episodes of \"\"Boardwalk Empire\"\", \"\" Black Mirror\"\", \"\"Deadwood\"\", \"\"Ed\"\", \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", \"\"The Pacific\"\", \"\"Rome\"\", \"\"Sex and the City\"\", \"\"The Sopranos\"\", and \"\"The Wire\"\". As an actor, he is perhaps best known for portraying Mario \"\"Salami\"\" Pettrino on \"\"The White Shadow\"\". He also played the villainous teenager Peter Stegman in \"\"Class of 1984\"\" and Max Keller on \"\"The Master\"\". Van Patten was born in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Massapequa, New York. He is the half-brother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13987068", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Stormare\"\nPeter Stormare Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm (born 27 August 1953), known professionally as Peter Stormare (), is a Swedish American actor, voice actor, theatre director, playwright and musician. He is best known for playing the roles of Gaear Grimsrud in \"\"Fargo\"\" (1996), Dieter Stark in \"\"\"\" (1997), Vladimir in \"\"Playing God\"\" (1997) Uli Kunkel/Karl Hungus in \"\"The Big Lebowski\"\" (1998), Lev Andropov in \"\"Armageddon\"\" (1998), Jeff in \"\"Dancer in the Dark\"\" (2000), Dr. Solomon P. Eddie in \"\"Minority Report\"\" (2001), Alexi in \"\"Bad Boys II\"\" (2003), Lucifer in \"\"Constantine\"\" (2005), John Abruzzi in the Fox series \"\"Prison Break\"\" (2005–2007), Ghost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13922583", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Fransham\"\n\"\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\", and also appeared in three episodes of \"\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\". Films include: Television shows: Ben Fransham Ben Fransham is a New Zealand film, television and theatre actor, known for his role in the film \"\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\". Fransham graduated from the New Zealand School of Dance with a third year scholarship diploma in 1991, and then won entry to The London Contemporary Dance School, but did not attend. In 1992 Fransham began freelance work, performing in Paul Jenden's South Island tour of Dance South and in '93, and toured New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13987077", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Stormare\"\nfather. Peter Stormare Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm (born 27 August 1953), known professionally as Peter Stormare (), is a Swedish American actor, voice actor, theatre director, playwright and musician. He is best known for playing the roles of Gaear Grimsrud in \"\"Fargo\"\" (1996), Dieter Stark in \"\"\"\" (1997), Vladimir in \"\"Playing God\"\" (1997) Uli Kunkel/Karl Hungus in \"\"The Big Lebowski\"\" (1998), Lev Andropov in \"\"Armageddon\"\" (1998), Jeff in \"\"Dancer in the Dark\"\" (2000), Dr. Solomon P. Eddie in \"\"Minority Report\"\" (2001), Alexi in \"\"Bad Boys II\"\" (2003), Lucifer in \"\"Constantine\"\" (2005), John Abruzzi in the Fox series \"\"Prison Break\"\" (2005–2007),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17947774", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Brugh\"\nof Arts. In 1993 Brugh created comic duo Sugar and Spice with Jason Hoyte and performed comedy across Australasia with Te Radar and Brendhan Lovegrove who all became comedians together. Sugar and Spice were regular performers on long running New Zealand live comic show Pulp Comedy (1996–2001). In 1996, they won a Chapman Tripp theatre award for Best Comic Performance, and in 1998, they won the Billy T Award (1998). Brugh is best known for his role as Deacon in \"\"What We Do In The Shadows\"\", a film by Taika Waititi and Jemaine Clement. He has previously worked with Clement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1281735", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Knight\"\nThe Haunting Hour\"\". Knight resided in Mount Albert, Ontario and attended Unionville High School where he was in the arts program. He has an older brother Jack Knight and sister Tatum Knight who are also actors. Matthew Knight Matthew Knight (born 1993/1994) is a Canadian actor who made his debut in 2002 when he played Peter in a television episode of \"\"Queer as Folk\"\". He is best known for his role as Jake Kimble in \"\"The Grudge\"\" film series. Since then he has appeared in over a dozen television series, more than ten television movies and a number of feature-length", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16750085", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Gerety\"\nKnow\"\", \"\"The Curse of the Jade Scorpion\"\", \"\"Hollywood Ending\"\", \"\"Wolf\"\", \"\"Charlie Wilson's War\"\", \"\"Surviving Picasso\"\", \"\"War of the Worlds\"\", \"\"Things That Hang from Trees\"\", \"\"Inside Man\"\", and \"\"Changeling\"\". He played Louis Piquett in \"\"Public Enemies\"\" (2009 film, directed by Michael Mann, and had a small part in Mel Gibson's \"\"Get the Gringo\"\" (2011). In 2013, Gerety was playing the role of John Cotter in Nora Ephron's Broadway play \"\"Lucky Guy\"\" with Tom Hanks. In 2017, Gerety plays Otto Bernhardt, the patriarch of the new Amazon series \"\"Sneaky Pete.\"\" Peter Gerety Peter Gerety (born May 17, 1940) is an American actor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5485189", "chunk_text": "\"Taika Waititi\"\nTaika Waititi Taika David Waititi (; born 16 August 1975) is a New Zealand film director, screenwriter, actor, and comedian. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his 2004 short film \"\"Two Cars, One Night\"\". His feature films \"\"Boy\"\" (2010) and \"\"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\"\" (2016) have each been the top-grossing New Zealand film, with the latter still holding that title as of 2018. He co-directed the horror comedy film \"\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\" (2014) with Jemaine Clement, which brought him further critical acclaim and recognition. Waititi later directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film \"\"\"\" (2017),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10502424", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Stickles\"\nseries, although not critically well-reviewed, was renewed for a second season which premiered in late 2008. Stickles has appeared in a number of low-budget and direct-to-video horror films, including such titles as \"\"Meat Weed Madness\"\" (2006) and its sequel \"\"Meat Weed America\"\" (2007), and has four films slated for release in 2008. He also appeared in the exercise video \"\"The Bedroom Workout for Men: Better Sex Through Exercise\"\". Stickles is openly gay. He has been married to magician Michael Carbonaro since 2014. Peter Stickles Peter Stickles (born October 8, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17013586", "chunk_text": "\"James Remar\"\nhe played guest roles as Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" and as James Ermine, a general for Jericho, a black-ops military contractor, on \"\"FlashForward\"\". He also voiced Vilgax in the animated television series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", replacing Steve Blum. He guest-starred in \"\"Private Practice\"\" in 2010, playing a physician named Gibby, who works with Doctors Without Borders. On July 23, 2017, Remar was cast as Peter Gambi on the superhero drama \"\"Black Lightning\"\". James Remar William James Remar (born December 31, 1953) is an American actor and voice-over artist. He played Richard, the on-off tycoon boyfriend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17507020", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Gerety\"\noff-Broadway, most recently in Martin McDonagh's \"\"The Lieutenant of Inishmore\"\". In the late 1990s, he joined the cast of the Barry Levinson produced NBC police drama \"\".\"\" He was a regular guest star on \"\"Law & Order\"\" and HBO's \"\"The Wire\"\". He played FBI Agt. Franklin Morgan in the short-lived American adaptation of \"\"Life on Mars\"\". In the final season of \"\"Brotherhood\"\" as Martin Kilpatrick. More recently, he was seen on \"\"Mercy\"\" and \"\"Brothers and Sisters\"\". He appears in the 2011 NBC series \"\"Prime Suspect\"\" as Maria Bello's father. He also appeared in such feature films as \"\"K-Pax\"\", \"\"People I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18737990", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\ntitle was later announced as \"\"We're Wolves\"\". In June 2014, Waititi, in conjunction with Discover New Zealand, produced a promotional short film titled \"\"Vampire's Guide to Vellington\"\", in which he reprises his role as Viago von Blitzenberg. In September 2016, it was revealed that Waititi and Clement are planning a procedural comedy series based on the police, Karen and Mike, who had minor roles in the film, titled \"\"Wellington Paranormal\"\". The series producers granted Waititi and Clement $1 million to produce six 30-minute episodes for the series, which aired on TVNZ 2 from 11 July 2018. Television New Zealand is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13032778", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nPeter Dinklage Peter Hayden Dinklage (; born June 11, 1969) is an American actor and film producer. Dinklage studied acting at Bennington College, starring in a number of amateur stage productions. His film debut was in \"\"Living in Oblivion\"\" (1995) and his breakthrough came with the comedy-drama \"\"The Station Agent\"\" (2003). He has since appeared in \"\"Elf\"\" (2003), \"\"Find Me Guilty\"\" (2006), \"\"Underdog\"\" (2007), \"\"Penelope\"\" (2008), \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\" (2007), \"\"\"\" (2008), \"\"\"\" (2014) and \"\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\" (2017), which earned him his first Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2018, he appeared as Eitri in the Marvel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10502422", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Stickles\"\nPeter Stickles Peter Stickles (born October 8, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the voyeuristic Caleb in the John Cameron Mitchell film \"\"Shortbus\"\" and as Damian, leader of a gay vampire cult, in the Here TV original series \"\"The Lair\"\". Stickles was cast in \"\"Shortbus\"\" in 2003 from amongst some 400 actors who submitted audition tapes for the film, which was initially known as \"\"Sex Film Project.\"\" No script had been written prior to casting and the story was built out of improvisational sessions once the cast was in place. The voyeuristic aspect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12552734", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Johnston\"\nJamie Johnston James Michael Johnston (born July 7, 1989) is a Canadian actor and singer-songwriter. He is best known for his role as Peter Stone on \"\"\"\". Johnston was born July 7, 1989 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Johnston portrayed Peter Stone on \"\"\"\" from 2005-2010. He has been nominated for 8 Young Artist Awards in Los Angeles and won 2. He has also starred in the series \"\"Wild Card\"\" and \"\"Zixx: Level One\"\". He has a wide range of interests, including soccer, snowboarding, skateboarding, cycling and playing the guitar and numerous other instruments. Jamie went to Kenya with the organization", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6142778", "chunk_text": "\"James Tarpey\"\nthe widely acclaimed \"\"First Love is the Revolution\"\" at the Soho Theatre in October 2015 James Tarpey James Tarpey (born 1994) is a British actor. He was born in Greenwich, London, United Kingdom. He is best known for playing a Young Peter Page in the 2013 comic science fiction movie \"\"The World's End\"\" and playing Willow on the British sitcom \"\"After Hours\"\" since 2015. James is a keen skateboarder and guitarist. James attended the BRIT school for performing arts. James made his stage debut at the Obie Theatre, London, playing the title role in Sarah Nivan's adaptation of \"\"Vernon God", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668254", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Dorff\"\nStephen Dorff Stephen Hartley Dorff Jr. (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor, known for portraying PK in \"\"The Power of One\"\", Stuart Sutcliffe in \"\"Backbeat\"\", Johnny Marco in Sofia Coppola's \"\"Somewhere\"\", and for his roles in \"\"Blade\"\" (as self-styled vampire-overlord Deacon Frost), \"\"Cecil B. DeMented\"\", \"\"The Motel Life\"\", \"\"S.F.W.\"\" and \"\"Space Truckers\"\". Dorff was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Nancy and Steve Dorff, who is a composer and music producer. His father is Jewish, and his mother was Catholic, and Dorff has stated that he was \"\"kinda brought up half-Jewish\"\". Dorff's brother Andrew (1976–2016) was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13852470", "chunk_text": "\"Landon Liboiron\"\nreleased in theaters on April 13, 2018. Landon Liboiron Landon Liboiron (born March 10, 1991) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Declan Coyne in \"\"\"\" and his lead role as Peter Rumancek in Netflix's original series \"\"Hemlock Grove\"\" (2013–15). Liboiron is from the small farming community of Jenner, Alberta, where he and his two older brothers were raised. He is the son of Lorraine Mack and Marcel Liboiron. His mother, an artist, supportive of his desire to act, frequently drove her son to Vancouver for acting classes and auditions. Liboiron was cast in TV films before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3227907", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Gilvezan\"\nreporter on two episodes of \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\", appeared as Kent Beudine on several episodes of \"\"Diagnosis Murder\"\" and starred as Skip Seville on \"\"She-Wolf of London\"\". Between 1981-1988, he appeared in commercials as the spokesperson for Jack in the Box restaurants, attempting to compare their menu items to those of McDonald's and other fast-food chains, to no avail; hence the slogan of \"\"There's No Comparison\"\" was used at the time. Dan Gilvezan Daniel John Gilvezan (born October 26, 1950) is an American actor, known for playing Peter Parker/Spider-Man in the 1981 animated series, \"\"Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "947965", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Dorff\"\nChain Saw Massacre\"\" prequel \"\"Leatherface\"\". Stephen Dorff Stephen Hartley Dorff Jr. (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor, known for portraying PK in \"\"The Power of One\"\", Stuart Sutcliffe in \"\"Backbeat\"\", Johnny Marco in Sofia Coppola's \"\"Somewhere\"\", and for his roles in \"\"Blade\"\" (as self-styled vampire-overlord Deacon Frost), \"\"Cecil B. DeMented\"\", \"\"The Motel Life\"\", \"\"S.F.W.\"\" and \"\"Space Truckers\"\". Dorff was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Nancy and Steve Dorff, who is a composer and music producer. His father is Jewish, and his mother was Catholic, and Dorff has stated that he was \"\"kinda brought up half-Jewish\"\". Dorff's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194189", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nHe has been nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards and 14 Screen Actor Guild Awards, winning three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. General Interviews Talks Peter Dinklage Peter Hayden Dinklage (; born June 11, 1969) is an American actor and film producer. Dinklage studied acting at Bennington College, starring in a number of amateur stage productions. His film debut was in \"\"Living in Oblivion\"\" (1995) and his breakthrough came with the comedy-drama \"\"The Station Agent\"\" (2003). He has since appeared in \"\"Elf\"\" (2003), \"\"Find Me Guilty\"\" (2006), \"\"Underdog\"\" (2007), \"\"Penelope\"\" (2008), \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\" (2007), \"\"\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5406025", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Blaiklock\"\nMichael Blaiklock Michael \"\"Mookie\"\" Blaiklock is an American actor and writer who has starred in the television series \"\"Secret Girlfriend\"\" and \"\"Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23\"\". Blaiklock was born and raised in Ashland, Massachusetts. Michael's first ever acting role was as Peter in a 1993 musical version of The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe when he was in the 3rd grade at the Henry E. Warren Elementary School. As Peter he not only had a lead acting role, but also sang and danced. The Director, Michelle Smith, saw Michael's ability early on. While at Emerson College in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15058607", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Ralph\"\nson of President Dalton in the CBS's TV series \"\"Madam Secretary\"\" and as Mike Vickery in the NBC's TV series \"\"Aquarius\"\", he also plays Stan in \"\"Manhattan\"\". The same year Ralph was cast as Quentin Coldwater, one of the lead roles in the Syfy fantasy drama series \"\"The Magicians\"\" the series premiered on December 16, 2015. Jason Ralph Jason Ralph (born April 7, 1986) is an American film and stage actor best known for his roles as Peter Pan in \"\"Peter and the Starcatcher\"\" on Broadway and the lead Quentin Coldwater in the Syfy TV series \"\"The Magicians\"\". He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7085016", "chunk_text": "\"Anthony George\"\nAnthony George Anthony George (born Ottavio Gabriel George, January 29, 1921 – March 16, 2005) was an American actor mostly seen on television. He is best known for roles of Don Corey in CBS's \"\"Checkmate\"\", Burke Devlin #2 and Jeremiah Collins on ABC's \"\"Dark Shadows\"\", as Dr. Tony Vincente on CBS's \"\"Search for Tomorrow\"\", and Dr. Will Vernon #3 on ABC's \"\"One Life to Live\"\". He was born in the village of Endicott, New York, the second son of Italian immigrant parents. From the age of six, George dreamed of being in films. After serving in World War II, George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18737984", "chunk_text": "\"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n2012, and was Waititi's first feature since \"\"Boy\"\". Stu Rutherford, an IT technician and high school friend of Waititi's in real life, was initially told he would only have a bit part in the film so he would act more natural when filming. He did not realise his role was so important until the film's premiere. Waititi revealed that there was so much footage filmed, that three cuts were made; one focused primarily on jokes, one focused on story, and the final cut, a mix of the two. According to Waititi and Clement their favourite vampire films were \"\"The Lost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2034886", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Slattery\"\nRyan Slattery Ryan Paul Slattery (born September 11, 1982) is an American film and television actor, writer, producer, and director. Slattery is most notable for his work in the MGM film \"\"Sleepover\"\" as Peter, the kind-hearted boy who befriends Yancy, played by Kallie Flynn Childress. Slattery was born in Ventura, California and attended Shadow Mountain High School in Phoenix, Arizona, where he played baseball. He went on to attend Harvard University, where he received his bachelor's degree in Dramatic Arts and Film Studies, and the renowned UCLA Film School, earning a Master of Fine Arts degree in the UCLA Producers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2028716", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Shear\"\nHis film career began the following year with a bit part in director Ang Lee's comedy-drama Taking Woodstock. He starred opposite Zosia Mamet in the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival feature, The Boy Downstairs, released to theatres on February 16, 2018 by FilmRise. He also appeared in Baumbach's The Meyerowitz Stories (New and Selected). His prior television appearances include the CBS police procedural drama NYC 22, the Hulu supernatural comedy series Deadbeat and the Peabody Award-winning web series Horace and Pete. Matthew Shear Matthew Louis Shear (born October 10, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for playing the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13852468", "chunk_text": "\"Landon Liboiron\"\nLandon Liboiron Landon Liboiron (born March 10, 1991) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Declan Coyne in \"\"\"\" and his lead role as Peter Rumancek in Netflix's original series \"\"Hemlock Grove\"\" (2013–15). Liboiron is from the small farming community of Jenner, Alberta, where he and his two older brothers were raised. He is the son of Lorraine Mack and Marcel Liboiron. His mother, an artist, supportive of his desire to act, frequently drove her son to Vancouver for acting classes and auditions. Liboiron was cast in TV films before his breakout role in the Canadian teen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11830650", "chunk_text": "\"Barclay Hope\"\nBarclay Hope Barclay Hope (born February 25, 1958) is a Canadian actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Clifford Blossom on \"\"Riverdale\"\", Mike Hayden on \"\"Street Legal\"\", Peter Axon on \"\"PSI Factor\"\", Col. Lionel Pendergast on \"\"Stargate SG-1\"\", and Gen. Mansfield on \"\"Eureka\"\". Hope was born in 1958 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is the younger brother of the actor William Hope. Hope appeared in the TV series \"\"\"\" (1996–2000) as Peter Axon. His screen credits include \"\"The Wager\"\" (1998) directed by Aaron Woodley which also starred Peter Blais and Valerie Boyle and \"\"Paycheck\"\" (2003) directed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_747	when does the 14th season of grey's anatomy come out?	n/a	[ "September 28, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "871995", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. The fourteenth season is the first not to feature Jerrika Hinton as Dr. Stephanie Edwards since her introduction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "64892", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\na 14th season on February 10, 2017. It premiered on September 28, 2017, with a two-hour premiere. Ellen Pompeo announced that she would be directing several episodes in the 14th season. On April 28, 2017, veteran writer Krista Vernoff announced that she would return to the show as a writer after leaving the show after the seventh season. On January 11, 2018, ABC released a six-episode web series following the new surgical interns at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. The web series was written by Barbara Kaye Friend and directed by series regular Sarah Drew. The number in the \"\"No. overall\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15475600", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\ncolumn refers to the episode's number within the overall series, whereas the number in the \"\"No. in season\"\" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. \"\"U.S. viewers in millions\"\" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special two-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20445113", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nwoman performed cardiac massage for 20 minutes before medical personal arrived and transferred the husband to Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The mid-season premiere of the fourteenth season was entitled \"\"1-800-799-7233\"\", the National Domestic Violence Hotline; upon release on January 18, 2018, the move was received favourably and viewers variously changed their Twitter usernames to the same and used the platform to bring awareness to both the hotline and the issue of domestic abuse. \"\"Greys Anatomy\"\" has received high viewership and ratings since its debut. The first four seasons of the program each ranked in the top ten among all viewers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375072", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nThe cast has undergone major changes through the series' run, with many members leaving and being replaced by others. In its fifteenth season, the show has a large ensemble of eleven actors, including four characters from the original cast (Meredith Grey, Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey, and Richard Webber). \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a fifteenth season, which premiered on September 27, 2018. The series' success catapulted such long-running cast members as Pompeo, Dempsey, and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top five highest-earning television actors in 2013. While the show's ratings have fallen over the course of its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2148862", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 15)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 15) The fifteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on April 20, 2018, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The season premiered on September 27, 2018 with a special 2-hour premiere. The episode count for the season will be 24 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Krista Vernoff and William Harper. This season is the first not to feature both Jessica Capshaw as Dr. Arizona Robbins and Sarah Drew as Dr. April Kepner since their introductions in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12203710", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nconclusion of the previous season. On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a fourteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The season picks up right where it left off at Owen and Amelia's wedding. After Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) had found a drunk Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) with Andrew DeLuca (Giacomo Gianniotti) in a compromising situation during the previous season's finale, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8308353", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nin the ninth season, following her departure at the conclusion of the previous season. The season marks the last appearance of Martin Henderson, Jason George, Jessica Capshaw, and Sarah Drew as series regulars, as well as the first appearance of Jaina Lee Ortiz as Andy Herrera, the lead character of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\"'s second spin-off series, \"\"Station 19\"\". On April 20, 2018, ABC officially renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a network primetime drama record-tying fifteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10298532", "chunk_text": "\"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)\"\nAll of Me (Grey's Anatomy) \"\"All of Me\"\" is the twenty-fourth episode, serving as the season finale of the fourteenth season of the American medical drama television series \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and the 317th overall episode, which aired on ABC on May 17, 2018. The episode was written by Krista Vernoff and directed by Debbie Allen. The wedding between Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) takes place, and things go awry. Meanwhile, the stress from the past year has taken a toll on Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), and she re-evaluates some of her decisions. This episode marked the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12203709", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being William Harper and Stacy McKee. This season was the first not to feature Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres since her introduction in the second season, following her departure at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13540265", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nRoom Where It Happens\"\". It was reported that Tessa Ferrer would be reprising her role as Dr. Leah Murphy in a recurring role for the 13th season. On October 17, 2016 ABC confirmed that Marika Dominczyk had been cast in a guest stint as Eliza Minnick. On January 31, 2017, it was announced that Jerrika Hinton would be departing the series regular cast this season. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a 13th season by ABC on March 3, 2016. \"\"TVLine\"\" announced that the 13th season will begin airing on September 22, 2016. Production began on May 25, 2016, when Rhimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20489185", "chunk_text": "\"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n7.60 million people, an increase of 0.25 million from the previous installment; it also garnered a 1.9/8 Nielsen rating. \"\"All of Me\"\" was also the week's most watched drama and ranked tenth on the list of most watched television programmes overall. The 7.60 million audience was also the lowest rated \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" season finale to date. All of Me (Grey's Anatomy) \"\"All of Me\"\" is the twenty-fourth episode, serving as the season finale of the fourteenth season of the American medical drama television series \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and the 317th overall episode, which aired on ABC on May 17, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "64891", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nDrew would leave the series following the conclusion of the season. It was released on April 4, 2018 that a familiar character would be returning to the set later on in the season as Sarah Utterback's Nurse Olivia Harper would be revisiting Grey Sloan, not as a nurse but as mom of a patient. Details of her storyline or duration of arc have yet to be released. On April 20, 2018, it was released that Geena Davis would return for the episode \"\"Cold as Ice\"\" as Dr. Herman to present a new opportunity for Arizona. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15475593", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nwas announced she landed a starring role in Alan Ball's new HBO drama series \"\"Here and Now\"\". Hinton had previously been in talks of leaving the show at the end of the 12th season when she was cast in the Shondaland comedy pilot \"\"Toast\"\", but ABC passed on the project. Renewing her contract for another three seasons as Dr. Arizona Robbins after the eleventh season, Jessica Capshaw returned for the 14th season. On June 20, 2017, it was announced that Kim Raver would reprise her role as Dr. Teddy Altman for a guest arc. In August 2017, it was announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2756880", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nwho watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 22, 2016, in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and consisted of 24 episodes. The season was ordered on March 3, 2016, along with ABC's other shows. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being William Harper and Stacy McKee. This season was the first not to feature Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres since her introduction in the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581197", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nstoryline involving both shows. After Private Practice ended, Amelia Sheppard appeared even more frequently on Grey's Anatomy. She was later cast as a series regular. On May 16, 2017, Channing Dungey announced at the ABC Upfronts that the network ordered another Grey's Anatomy spin-off, this one focusing on firefighters in Seattle. The series premiered mid-season in 2018. Stacy McKee, long-term Grey's writer and executive producer, serves as the spin-off's showrunner. The new show was introduced Season 14, Episode 13, when a house fire brings the firefighters to Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. In July 2017, it was announced that Jaina Lee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2148865", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 15)\"\nnew love interest. On December 13, 2018, it was announced that Jennifer Grey had been cast in a mysterious role for a multi episode mid-season arc. The number in the \"\"No. overall\"\" column refers to the episode's number within the overall series, whereas the number in the \"\"No. in season\"\" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. \"\"U.S. viewers in millions\"\" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 15) The fifteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on April 20, 2018, by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13071081", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 9) The ninth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere \"\"Going, Going, Gone\"\" and consists of 24 episodes with the finale \"\"Perfect Storm\"\" airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2756877", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nAway with Murder\"\", which was the same last year. The remaining 15 episodes will air after the winter break beginning airing on January 26, 2017. In an interview with \"\"TV Guide\"\", Kelly McCreary said that the 13th season would be focusing heavily on the characters that have been on the show since the first season; Dr. Meredith Grey, Dr. Alex Karev, Dr. Miranda Bailey and Dr. Richard Webber. McCreary went more into the storyline as she commented that \"\"After such a long period of time and so many new people coming in and out, they remain the foundational characters of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594557", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\nthe overall series, whereas the number in the \"\"No. in season\"\" column refers to the episode's number within this particular season. \"\"U.S. viewers in millions\"\" refers to the number of Americans in millions who watched the episodes live. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Grey's Anatomy (season 9) The ninth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere \"\"Going, Going, Gone\"\" and consists of 24 episodes with the finale \"\"Perfect Storm\"\" airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12203721", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nannounced on Twitter that the writers were in full swing mapping the 13th season. Production began on July 21, 2016, with prepping for the season officially starting on July 28, 2016. The table read for the premiere was on July 22, 2016. Filming for the season began on August 1, 2016, with Shonda Rhimes tweeting that the crew were filming the 270th episode of the series, the season premiere. A promotional poster for the season was released on August 2, 2016, portraying Dr. Meredith Grey in Seattle, for which the series is located. The poster started speculation of its meaning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263115", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nwith a two-hour episode, and ended on May 15, 2014. On May 8, 2014, ABC renewed the series for an eleventh season that aired from September 2014 to May 2015. In addition, the show was relocated to the Thursday 8:00pm EST time slot. After four seasons outside the top 25 rated shows, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was the number 15 show in the 2013–2014 season, the show's tenth. The show also re-entered the top five shows in the 18–49 viewer demographic. On May 7, 2015, ABC renewed the series for a twelfth season that premiered on September 24, 2015 and concluded on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2148863", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 15)\"\nthe fifth and sixth seasons respectively, following their departures at the conclusion of the previous season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. On May 21, 2018, it was announced that Kim Raver had once again been promoted to series regular this season after previously having a recurring role last season. On July 31, 2018, it was announced that Chris Carmack would be starring in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17407599", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds (season 14)\"\nCriminal Minds (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was ordered on May 12, 2018, by CBS with an order of 15 episodes. The season premiered on October 3, 2018. The season also featured the milestone 300th episode which served as the season premiere. The entire main cast from the previous season returned. \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was renewed for a fourteenth season with an episode order of 15 episodes on May 12, 2018, with the possibility of more episodes being ordered later in the season. On November 27, 2018, it was reported that CBS had declined to order any more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1873343", "chunk_text": "\"Danger Zone (Grey's Anatomy)\"\nDanger Zone (Grey's Anatomy) \"\"Danger Zone\"\" is the fifth episode of the fourteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and is the 298th episode overall. It aired on October 26, 2017 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Jalysa Conway and directed by Cecilie Mosli; Conway, an Air Force veteran, found inspiration in her own experiences to conceive the episode. \"\"Danger Zone\"\" takes place during two time lapses: the present time, in Seattle, where Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) deals with the decision his sister, Megan Hunt (Abigail Spencer) has made with former fiancée", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "64890", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nJeanine Mason (\"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\") as Sam, Alex Blue Davis as Casey, Rushi Kota as Vik, Jaicy Elliot as Taryn, Sophia Ali as Dahlia, and Jake Borelli as Levi. On October 26, 2017, it was announced that Martin Henderson's appearance in the fifth episode titled \"\"Danger Zone\"\" would be his last. On January 31, 2018, it was announced that Candis Cayne would be joining the show as Dr. Michelle Velez for a multi-episode arc revolving around a transgender character receiving a ground breaking surgery. On March 8, 2018, it was announced that both Jessica Capshaw and Sarah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5214764", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 12) The twelfth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. It premiered on September 24, 2015, in the United States on ABC. The twelfth season includes the show's 250th episode, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, which is the fifth episode in the season. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode \"\"Sledgehammer\"\" and concluded with \"\"Family Affair\"\". This season was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17407601", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds (season 14)\"\nEmily Prentiss. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Criminal Minds (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was ordered on May 12, 2018, by CBS with an order of 15 episodes. The season premiered on October 3, 2018. The season also featured the milestone 300th episode which served as the season premiere. The entire main cast from the previous season returned. \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" was renewed for a fourteenth season with an episode order of 15 episodes on May 12, 2018, with the possibility of more episodes being ordered later in the season. On November 27, 2018, it was reported that CBS had declined to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13540267", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\ntowards the storyline for the 13th season. However Rhimes denied the speculation about the poster on Twitter as she said \"\"For anyone trying to interpret the \"\"meaning\"\" of the new \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" poster design: it means ABC designs really cool posters.\"\" The remaining fall schedule for ABC was announced on October 22, 2016, where it was announced that \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" would air nine episodes in the fall, rather than eight episode the previous two seasons has done, with the fall finale to air on November 17, 2016, just like the rest of ABC's primetime thursday-lineup \"\"Notorious\"\" and \"\"How to Get", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9607290", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode \"\"I Must Have Lost it on the Wind\"\" and concluded with the season finale \"\"You're My Home\"\" airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8113041", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\nchoices are, to her resignation when she realizes she has to comfort and motivate the young doctor whose mistakes cost Derek his life.\"\" Reviewing the episode \"\"She's Leaving Home\"\", Matt Carter commended on the show's \"\"shocking\"\" longevity and that it \"\"is still in a position where it makes sense.\"\" He also praised Pompeo's performance as \"\"great throughout\"\" and \"\"overlooked.\"\" Grey's Anatomy (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13594551", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\nreported in January 2013. It was announced by \"\"E! Online\"\" on March 29, \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" alumni Hilarie Burton will be cast in a recurring role as a specialist in an investigation going on in the hospital. Her character is to arrive on the 22nd episode of the season. However, this later turned out to be untrue as Hilarie Burton ended up portraying a specialist doctor named Lauren Boswell. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed by ABC on May 10, 2012. In June 2012, ABC set the premiere date of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" to September 27, 2012, and it would remain in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8308383", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nthat Abigail Spencer would replace Bridget Regan as Megan Hunt for a multi-episode arc this season. After recurring in the previous season as the controversial character, Eliza Minnick, it was announced in August 2017 that Marika Dominczyk would not return to the show. On September 13, 2017, another guest star was announced in Greg Germann (\"\"Ally McBeal\"\"), and later it was revealed that his character would be Tom Koracick, Amelia's neurosurgery mentor. On October 9, 2017, the new group of interns to join the cast in the fourth episode \"\"Ain't That a Kick in the Head\"\" was announced to include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13540261", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nafter previously renewing them at the end of the tenth season of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey renewed their contracts for another two seasons (seasons 11 and 12) on January 23, 2014, but Dempsey later left the series at the end of the eleventh season. The rest of the six original cast mates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson and James Pickens Jr., excluding Sandra Oh, renewed their contracts on May 26, 2014, as Drs. Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey, and Richard Webber, respectively, for the eleventh and twelfth season. Sara Ramirez also renewed her contract for another two seasons as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263116", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nMay 19, 2016. The thirteenth season to aired from 2016 to 2017. On February 21, 2007, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" reported that ABC was pursuing a spin-off medical drama television series for \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" featuring Walsh's character, Addison Montgomery. Subsequent reports confirmed the decision, stating that an expanded two-hour broadcast of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" would serve as a backdoor pilot for the proposed spin-off. The cast of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was reportedly unhappy about the decision, as all hoped the spin-off would have been given to them. Pompeo commented that she felt, as the star, she should have been consulted, and Heigl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9607313", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\ninstead of the 12 and 12, there will be eight episodes in the fall which will end with a winter finale on November 20, 2014 like the rest of ABC's primetime lineup \"\"TGIT\"\" \"\"Scandal\"\" and \"\"How To Get Away with Murder\"\". The remaining 16 episodes will air after the winter break, beginning on January 29, 2015. Not even a week after the Season 10 finale episode aired, the \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" team of writers began collaborating on ideas for Season 11 storylines. Shonda Rhimes tweeted that they were hard at work in the writing room, but would have the month of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4215568", "chunk_text": "\"Personal Jesus (Grey's Anatomy)\"\nPersonal Jesus (Grey's Anatomy) Personal Jesus is the tenth episode of the fourteenth season of the American medical drama television series \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and the 303rd episode overall. It aired on ABC on January 25, 2018. The episode was written by former E.R. physician and writer Zoanne Clack and directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan. With Paul recovering from his injuries from a hit and run, Meredith questions the alibi that Alex and Jo provide her. Believing that it’s his fiancé, Jenny, who ran him over, Jo consults her. She offers Jenny support and prompts her to formally press domestic abuse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19375089", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nmakes her a producer of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and a co-executive producer of Station 19. The deal will make Pompeo the highest-paid actress currently on a dramatic TV series, with her making $575,000 per episode and over $20 million yearly. On March 8, 2018, it was announced that series regulars Jessica Capshaw and Sarah Drew would not be returning for the fifteenth season after executive producers decided to let them go. In May 2018, it was confirmed that Kim Raver, who made returning guest appearances in season fourteen, would once again become a series regular, beginning with its fifteenth season. Rhimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19614843", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\n(Camilla Luddington), a doctor who begins a romantic relationship with Karev; Andrew Deluca (Giacomo Gianniotti), the love-interest of Meredith's half-sister Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary), who also serves as head of cardio; and Benjamin Warren (Jason George), an anesthesiologist-turned-resident, who has to balance his own desire to succeed with his wife Miranda Bailey's new role as Chief of Surgery. Season eleven sees the departure of Derek Shepherd, and in season twelve, attending cardio surgeon Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson) joins the show. In the early episodes of season fourteen, Riggs leaves the series to start a life with Owen's long-lost sister; by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15933131", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (season 14)\"\nNCIS (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"\"NCIS\"\" premiered on September 20, 2016, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. The season concluded on May 16, 2017. \"\"NCIS\"\" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. Production on this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7285301", "chunk_text": "\"ER (season 14)\"\nER (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American fictional drama television series \"\"ER\"\" first aired on September 27, 2007 and concluded on May 15, 2008. The season consists of nineteen episodes. Twenty-two were initially ordered by NBC, but the season was shortened following the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which began on November 5, 2007 and ended on February 12, 2008. The series celebrates its 300th episode but due to the writers' strike this season runs three episodes shorter than normal. As a result, certain storylines were altered, including Gates' relationship with hospital chaplain Julia Dupree. With Kovac", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14376442", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds\"\nratings hit for CBS, regularly featuring as one of the network's most-watched cable shows throughout its decade-long run. The show's success has spawned a media franchise, with several spinoffs, including a South Korean adaptation and a video game. Following the conclusion of the thirteenth season, CBS renewed the show for a fourteenth season, which premiered on October 3, 2018. Every episode includes one or more quotations that are tangentially connected to the crimes under investigation, recited by a main character. Most often, one quotation is heard after the opening credits, and another at the end of the episode. When the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19376246", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\non September 2, 2014 with new several bonus features and deleted scenes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six-disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Tenth Season – Live For The Moments on September 2, 2014. In view of the departure of the character of Cristina Yang in the season finale, the DVD set featured an extended episode \"\"Do You Know?\"\" and a special feature from Sandra Oh titled \"\"An Immeasurable Gift\"\". The eleventh released on DVD as a six-disc box set on August 18, 2015 with interviews with new series regular Caterina Scorsone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15439073", "chunk_text": "\"True Colors (Grey's Anatomy)\"\nTrue Colors (Grey's Anatomy) \"\"True Colors\"\" is the twenty-third episode of the thirteenth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", and is the 292nd episode overall. It aired on May 11, 2017 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by William Harper and directed by Kevin McKidd. In the episode Owen Hunt (McKidd) is informed about the fate of his sister, Megan, who's Nathan Riggs' fiancée and had been MIA. Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) discovers the identity of Jo Wilson's (Camilla Luddington) abusive ex-husband, meanwhile the Grey Sloan Memorial's doctors treat a couple from a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20454361", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\n2016, as a result of ABC airing the television miniseries \"\"Madoff\"\" over two nights on February 3–4, 2016 in the same time-slot as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and \"\"Scandal\"\". On March 3, 2016, ABC announced that \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a 13th season. Regarding the death of Dr. Derek Shepherd, showrunner Shonda Rhimes commented on how future seasons would be affected by the death as she said: \"\"Now, Meredith and the entire \"\"Grey’s Anatomy\"\" family are about to enter uncharted territory as we head into this new chapter of her life. The possibilities for what may come are endless. As Ellis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19395875", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\nbest television of 2015. The A.V. Club's Caroline Siede described the twelfth season of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" as \"\"phenomenal\"\", stating that the series underwent a \"\"powerful renaissance this year\"\". A final grade of B+ was given to the season. Grey's Anatomy (season 12) The twelfth season of the American television medical drama \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. It premiered on September 24, 2015, in the United States on ABC. The twelfth season includes the show's 250th episode, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, which is the fifth episode in the season. The season is produced by ABC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8336529", "chunk_text": "\"Supernatural (season 13)\"\nSupernatural (season 13) The thirteenth season of \"\"Supernatural\"\", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 12, 2017, on The CW and concluded on May 17, 2018. The season consists of 23 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the second season with Andrew Dabb and Robert Singer as showrunners. This season featured a backdoor pilot to a possible spin-off series called \"\"Wayward Sisters\"\", starring Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills, Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak, Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones, Clark Backo as Patience", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7830452", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 5)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 5) The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty-four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season five had thirteen series regulars with twelve of them returning from the previous season. The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9:00 pm. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "64862", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\nin the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. After the explosion at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, Chief Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) finds it the perfect time to give the place a much needed upgrade in look and functionality. During the construction, Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) struggles with the shocking reunion with his sister, Megan (Abigail Spencer), who was recently found in a hostage camp overseas. The discovery also welcomes back Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), the former chief of cardiothoracic surgery and Owen's best friend, which leads to awkward moments with Amelia Shepherd (Caterina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18000557", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nCall\"\", \"\"\"\", aired during the beginning of the seventh season. Also during the seventh season, the series produced a musical episode entitled \"\"Song Beneath the Song\"\", featuring songs that became famous through their use in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". The show received a twenty-four episode eighth season renewal, which commenced on September 22, 2011 with a two-hour episode, and ended on May 17, 2012. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on September 27, 2012 and ended on May 16, 2013. \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" was renewed for a tenth season on May 10, 2013 and premiered on September 27, 2013", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_748	when was the first hunger games book published?	n/a	[ "September 14, 2008", "2008" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997850", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nreviewers and authors. It was praised for its plot and character development. In writing \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", Collins drew upon Greek mythology, Roman gladiatorial games, and contemporary reality television for thematic content. The novel won many awards, including the California Young Reader Medal, and was named one of \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\"s \"\"Best Books of the Year\"\" in 2008. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" was first published in hardcover on September 14, 2008, by Scholastic, featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien. It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook. After an initial print of 200,000, the book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10262221", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nGames\"\" had a first printing of 50,000 copies, which was bumped up twice to 200,000 copies. By February 2010, the book had sold 800,000 copies, and rights to the novel had been sold in 38 territories worldwide. A few months later, in July, the book was released in paperback. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" entered the \"\"New York Times\"\" Best Seller list in November 2008, where it would feature for over 100 consecutive weeks. By the time the film adaptation of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" was released in March 2012, the book had been on \"\"USA Today\"\"s best-sellers list for 135 consecutive weeks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698886", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nThe Hunger Games The Hunger Games is a trilogy of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins. The series is set in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" universe, and follows young characters Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark. The novels in the trilogy are titled \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2008), \"\"Catching Fire\"\" (2009), and \"\"Mockingjay\"\" (2010). The novels have all been developed into films starring Jennifer Lawrence, with the film adaptation of \"\"Mockingjay\"\" split into two parts. The first two books in the series were both \"\"New York Times\"\" best sellers, and \"\"Mockingjay\"\" topped all US bestseller lists upon its release.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997868", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nand has sold over 17.5 million copies. The novel is the first in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy; it is followed by sequels \"\"Catching Fire\"\" (2009) and \"\"Mockingjay\"\" (2010). In March 2012, during the time of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" film's release, Scholastic reported 26 million \"\"Hunger Games\"\" trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (and its sequels) have sold exceptionally well in ebook format. Suzanne Collins is the first children's or young adult author to sell over one million Amazon Kindle ebooks, making her the sixth author to join the \"\"Kindle Million Club\"\". In March 2012, Amazon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10262220", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nPeeta Mellark is stabbed after warning Katniss to flee for her life, and is then buried in the ground and placed in a cave for three days before emerging with a new lease on life. Further, she finds that the Christian image of the Bread of Life is used throughout \"\"The Hunger Games\"\"; in the story, Peeta gives Katniss a loaf of bread, saving the girl and her family from starvation. After writing the novel, Collins signed a six-figure deal for three books with Scholastic. First published as a hardcover in the United States on September 14, 2008, \"\"The Hunger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997849", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nThe Hunger Games (novel) The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins. It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the future, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America. The Capitol, a highly advanced metropolis, exercises political control over the rest of the nation. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death. The book received critical acclaim from major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "579903", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nhad sold 800,000 copies by February 2010. Since its release, \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" has been translated into 26 languages, and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories. The novel is the first in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy, followed by \"\"Catching Fire\"\" (2009) and \"\"Mockingjay\"\" (2010). A film adaptation, directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself, was released in 2012. Collins has said that the inspiration for \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" came from channel surfing on television. On one channel she observed people competing on a reality show and on another she saw footage of the invasion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997884", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nadded to the cast, in the roles of Peeta and Gale, respectively. Production began in late spring 2011 and the film was released on March 23, 2012. The film's opening weekend brought in a non-sequel record $152.5 million (USD) in North America. \"\"\"\", based on the second novel in the series, was released the following year on November 22, 2013. The Hunger Games (novel) The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins. It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the future, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698908", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nNovember 2014 and November 2015. A gesture (a raised up hand with three middle fingers pressed together) used in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy to express unity with people striving to survive, was used in 2014 by anti-government protestors in Thailand, at least seven of whom were arrested for it. The Hunger Games The Hunger Games is a trilogy of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins. The series is set in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" universe, and follows young characters Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark. The novels in the trilogy are titled \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2008), \"\"Catching Fire\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7838150", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film)\"\nbased on the last book \"\"Mockingjay\"\". \"\"\"\" was released November 21, 2014, and \"\"\"\" was released November 20, 2015. Lawrence, Hutcherson, Hemsworth, and Harrelson were all signed on to the whole franchise. The Hunger Games (film) The Hunger Games is a 2012 American science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collins’ 2008 novel of the same name. It is the first installment in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698887", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nBy the time the film adaptation of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" was released in 2012, the publisher had reported over 26 million \"\"Hunger Games\"\" trilogy books in print, including movie tie-in books. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" universe is a dystopia set in Panem, a country consisting of the wealthy Capitol and 12 districts in varying states of poverty. Every year, children from the districts are selected to participate in a compulsory televised battle royale death match called The Hunger Games. The novels were all well received. In August 2012, the series ranked second, exceeded only by the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series in NPR's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698894", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nseries and was released on September 14, 2008. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her younger sister Primrose Everdeen. Also selected from District 12 is Peeta Mellark. They are mentored by their district's only living victor, Haymitch Abernathy, who won 24 years earlier and has since led a solitary life of alcoholism. Peeta confesses his longtime secret love for Katniss in a televised interview prior to the Games. This revelation stuns Katniss, who harbors feelings for Gale Hawthorne, her friend and hunting partner. Haymitch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14945530", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Collins\"\na rhyming picture book, \"\"When Charlie McButton Lost Power\"\" (2005), illustrated by Mike Lester. In September 2008, Scholastic Press released \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", the first book of a trilogy by Collins. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" was partly inspired by the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Another inspiration was her father's career in the Air Force, which gave her insight to poverty, starvation, and the effects of war. The trilogy's second book, \"\"Catching Fire\"\", was released in September 2009, and its third book, \"\"Mockingjay\"\", was released on August 24, 2010. Within 14 months, 1.5 million copies of the first two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698888", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\npoll of the top 100 teen novels, which asked voters to choose their favorite young adult books. On August 17, 2012, Amazon announced \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy as its top seller, surpassing the record previously held by the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series. , the trilogy has sold more than 65 million copies in the U.S. alone (more than 28 million copies of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", more than 19 million copies of \"\"Catching Fire\"\", and more than 18 million copies of \"\"Mockingjay\"\"). \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy has been sold into 56 territories in 51 languages to date. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy takes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7838214", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nthe rebels. \"\"Mockingjay\"\", the third and final book in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" series, was released on August 24, 2010. Most of the districts have rebelled against the Capitol, led by District 13 and its President Alma Coin. The Capitol lied about the district being destroyed in the Dark Days. After a Mexican standoff with the Capitol, the District 13 residents took to living underground and rebuilding their strength. The District 12 survivors find shelter with them. Katniss, after seeing first-hand the destruction wrought on her district, agrees to become the \"\"Mockingjay\"\", the symbol of the rebellion. She sets conditions, however.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2602630", "chunk_text": "Mockingjay\nMockingjay Mockingjay is a 2010 science fiction novel by American author Suzanne Collins. It is the last installment of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", following 2008's \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" and 2009's \"\"Catching Fire\"\". The book continues the story of Katniss Everdeen, who agrees to unify the districts of Panem in a rebellion against the tyrannical Capitol. The hardcover and audiobook editions of \"\"Mockingjay\"\" were published by Scholastic on August 24, 2010, six days after the ebook edition went on sale. The book sold 450,000 copies in the first week of release, exceeding the publisher's expectations. It received a generally positive reaction from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10262229", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nsaying it is \"\"exciting, poignant, thoughtful, and breathtaking by turns\"\", and called it one of the best books of 2008. \"\"Booklist\"\" also gave a positive review, praising the character violence and romance involved in the book. \"\"Kirkus Reviews\"\" gave a positive review, praising the action and world-building, but pointed out that \"\"poor copyediting in the first printing will distract careful readers–a crying shame\"\". Rick Riordan, author of the \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians\"\" series, claims it is the \"\"closest thing to a perfect adventure novel\"\" he has ever read. Stephenie Meyer (author of the \"\"Twilight\"\" series) endorsed the book on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2854556", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film series)\"\nrecords at the box office. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2012) set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film. \"\"\"\" (2013) set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November. \"\"\"\" (2014) had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The films, including \"\"\"\" (2015), received a positive reception from critics, with praise aimed at its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's performance. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" is the 20th highest-grossing film franchise of all time, having grossed over US$2.97 billion worldwide. Following the release of Suzanne Collins' novel \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5810198", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film)\"\nthe character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow. The main characters were cast between March and May 2011. Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011, with filming taking place in North Carolina. The film was released on March 21, 2012, in some European countries and in the US on March 23, 2012, in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters. Japan received it last, on September 28. When the film released, it set records for opening day ($67.3", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "579904", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nof Iraq. The two \"\"began to blur in this very unsettling way\"\" and the idea for the book was formed. The Greek myth of Theseus served as a major basis for the story, with Collins describing Katniss as a futuristic Theseus, and Roman gladiatorial games provided the framework. The sense of loss that Collins developed through her father's service in the Vietnam War was also an influence on the story, with Katniss having lost her father at age 11, five years before the story begins. Collins stated that the deaths of young characters and other \"\"dark passages\"\" were the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14945533", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Collins\"\nIsabel. Suzanne Collins Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American television writer and author, best known as the author of \"\"The New York Times\"\" best selling series \"\"The Underland Chronicles\"\" and \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy (which consists of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", \"\"Catching Fire\"\", and \"\"Mockingjay\"\"). Suzanne Collins was born on August 10, 1962, in Hartford, Connecticut to Jane Brady Collins (born 1932) and Lt. Col. Michael John Collins (1931–2003), a U.S. Air Force officer who served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bronze Star. She is the youngest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6462732", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film series)\"\n\"\"The Hunger Games\"\" films received a \"\"Fresh Rating\"\" (>60%) on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, with the first two films receiving a \"\"Certified Rating\"\" rating (>70%). The Hunger Games (film series) The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy of novels, by the American author Suzanne Collins. Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen, Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark, Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne, Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy, Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket, Stanley Tucci as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3069230", "chunk_text": "\"Fictional world of The Hunger Games\"\nFictional world of The Hunger Games \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" universe is a fictional world appearing in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy written by Suzanne Collins. It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem, its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides, and the outlying districts, numbered 1 to 12, each with a different economy. In addition, there is the secretive District 13, where a rebel force is building strength. The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which two children from each district, selected through a process called \"\"reaping\"\", are forced to participate in a battle to the death. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14945526", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Collins\"\nSuzanne Collins Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American television writer and author, best known as the author of \"\"The New York Times\"\" best selling series \"\"The Underland Chronicles\"\" and \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy (which consists of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", \"\"Catching Fire\"\", and \"\"Mockingjay\"\"). Suzanne Collins was born on August 10, 1962, in Hartford, Connecticut to Jane Brady Collins (born 1932) and Lt. Col. Michael John Collins (1931–2003), a U.S. Air Force officer who served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bronze Star. She is the youngest of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997877", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\n2011, the book won the California Young Reader Medal. In the 2012 edition of Scholastic's \"\"Parent and Child\"\" magazine, \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" was listed as the 33rd-best book for children, with the award for \"\"Most Exciting Ending\"\". The novel is one of the top 5 best selling Kindle books of all time. However, the novel has also been controversial with parents; it ranked in fifth place on the American Library Association's list of frequently challenged books for 2010, with \"\"unsuited to age group\"\" and \"\"violence\"\" being among the reasons cited. Similarities of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" to Koushun Takami's 1999 novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698907", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nin the finale are inconsistent with her established character. Lionsgate Entertainment acquired worldwide distribution rights to a film adaptation of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", produced by Nina Jacobson's Color Force production company. Collins adapted the novel for film herself, along with director Gary Ross. The cast included Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss, Josh Hutcherson as Peeta, and Liam Hemsworth as Gale. The first film began production in Spring 2011, and was released in March 2012. For \"\"\"\", Ross was replaced as director by Francis Lawrence; the film was released in November 2013. Lawrence then directed \"\"Mockingjay\"\", parts 1 and 2, released in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14753623", "chunk_text": "\"Catching Fire\"\nCatching Fire Catching Fire is a 2009 science fiction young adult novel by the American novelist Suzanne Collins, the second book in \"\"The Hunger Games trilogy\"\". As the sequel to the 2008 bestseller \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", it continues the story of Katniss Everdeen and the post-apocalyptic nation of Panem. Following the events of the previous novel, a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol has begun, and Katniss and fellow tribute Peeta Mellark are forced to return to the arena in a special edition of the Hunger Games. The book was first published on September 1, 2009, by Scholastic, in hardcover, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7838211", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nactions were because of her love for Peeta. On the journey home, Peeta is dismayed to learn of the deception. \"\"Catching Fire\"\" is the second installment in the series, released on September 1, 2009. In \"\"Catching Fire\"\", which begins six months after the conclusion of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", Katniss learns that her defiance in the previous novel has started a chain reaction that has inspired rebellion in the districts. President Snow threatens to harm Katniss' family and friends if she does not help to defuse the unrest in the districts and marry Peeta. Meanwhile, Peeta has become aware of Katniss'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5810196", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film)\"\nThe Hunger Games (film) The Hunger Games is a 2012 American science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collins’ 2008 novel of the same name. It is the first installment in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland. The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, where a boy and a girl from each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2854557", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film series)\"\nHunger Games\"\", on September 14, 2008, Hollywood film studios began looking to adapt the book into film. In March 2009, Color Force, an independent studio founded by producer Nina Jacobson, bought the film rights to the book. Jacobson then sought out production company Lionsgate to help her produce the film. Collins was also attached to adapt the novel; she began the first draft after completing the third novel in the series, \"\"Mockingjay\"\" (2010). The search for a director began in 2010 with three directors in the running; David Slade, Sam Mendes, and Gary Ross. Ross was ultimately chosen to direct.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2854560", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film series)\"\nLouis Phillips, Bryan Unkeless, and Aldric La'auli Porter. Color Force and Lionsgate collaborated on all four films. It was announced on November 1, 2012 that the studio had decided to split the final book, \"\"Mockingjay\"\" (2010), into two films: \"\"\"\" (2014) and \"\"\"\" (2015), much like \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" (2010) and \"\"2\"\" (2011), and \"\"\"\" (2011) and \"\"\"\" (2012). Gary Ross directed the first film (\"\"The Hunger Games\"\"), and despite initially stating otherwise on April 10, 2012, Lionsgate announced that Ross would not return to direct the sequel. On April 19, 2012, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "579906", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\ncoal-rich region that was once Appalachia, while the Capitol is in the Rocky Mountains. As punishment for a past rebellion against the Capitol, one boy and one girl between the ages of 12 and 18 from each district are selected by an annual lottery to participate in the Hunger Games, a contest in which the \"\"tributes\"\" must fight to the death in an outdoor arena until only one remains. The event is televised. The story is narrated by 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her 12-year-old sister, Primrose.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9311232", "chunk_text": "\"Nina Jacobson\"\nnewly established production company, Color Force. Color Force signed a three-year \"\"first-look\"\" production deal with DreamWorks in December 2006. The first feature project released in theaters was \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" (2010). She also produced the 2011 feature \"\"One Day\"\". Jacobson produced all of the films based on the bestselling \"\"Hunger Games\"\" trilogy by Suzanne Collins, and co-wrote the screenplays for the series. The first of the four films based on the trilogy was released on March 23, 2012. In 2015, Color Force mounted its first television series, \"\",\"\" based on Jeffrey Toobin's 1997 book, \"\"The Run of His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2816653", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games: Catching Fire\"\nfirst film, \"\"\"\", was released on November 21, 2014 while the second film, \"\"\"\", was released on November 20, 2015. Principal photography on the two-part film began on September 23, 2013, in Atlanta and concluded on June 20, 2014, in Berlin, Germany. The Hunger Games: Catching Fire The Hunger Games: Catching Fire is a 2013 American dystopian science fiction adventure film based on Suzanne Collins' dystopian novel \"\"Catching Fire\"\" (2009), the second installment in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy. The film is the sequel to \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2012) and the second installment in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" film series, produced by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14945531", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Collins\"\n\"\"Hunger Games\"\" books were printed in North America alone. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" was on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list for more than 60 weeks in a row. Lions Gate Entertainment acquired worldwide distribution rights to a film adaptation of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\", produced by Nina Jacobson's Color Force production company. Collins adapted the novel for film herself. Directed by Gary Ross, filming began in late spring 2011, with Jennifer Lawrence portraying main character Katniss Everdeen. Josh Hutcherson played Peeta Mellark and Liam Hemsworth played Gale Hawthorne. The subsequent two novels were adapted into films as well, with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10262234", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\nline that the two authors might well have hit on the same basic setup independently.\"\" Stephen King noted that the reality TV \"\"badlands\"\" were similar to \"\"Battle Royale\"\", as well as his own novels \"\"The Running Man\"\" and \"\"The Long Walk\"\". In March 2009, Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement for \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" with Nina Jacobson's production company Color Force, which had acquired worldwide distribution rights to the novel a few weeks earlier. The studio, which had not made a profit for five years, raided the budgets of other productions and sold assets to secure a budget", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5810321", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nplace in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America. The country consists of a wealthy Capitol city, located in the Rocky Mountains, surrounded by twelve (originally thirteen) poorer districts ruled by the Capitol. The Capitol is lavishly rich and technologically advanced, but the districts are in varying states of poverty. The trilogy's narrator and protagonist Katniss Everdeen, lives in District 12, the poorest region of Panem, located in Appalachia, where people regularly die of starvation. As punishment for a past rebellion against the Capitol (called the \"\"Dark Days\"\"), in which District 13", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2602631", "chunk_text": "Mockingjay\ncritics. The novel was adapted into two films. The was released on November 21, 2014, while the was released on November 20, 2015. Collins has said that the main inspiration for \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy came from the classical account of Theseus and the Minotaur. In Greek mythology, as a punishment for the killing of King Minos's son Androgeos, Athens was forced to sacrifice seven youths and seven maidens to Crete, who were then put in the Labyrinth and killed by the Minotaur. After a while, Theseus, the son of the Athenian king, decided to put an end to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2854555", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film series)\"\nThe Hunger Games (film series) The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy of novels, by the American author Suzanne Collins. Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen, Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark, Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne, Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy, Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket, Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman, and Donald Sutherland as President Snow. Gary Ross directed the first film, while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films. The first three films set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12637291", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\"\nthe sequel to \"\"\"\" and was followed by the concluding entry, \"\"\"\". \"\"Mockingjay – Part 1\"\" was released on November 21, 2014 in the United States. Like its predecessors, the film was a commercial success grossing $55 million on its opening day, making it the largest opening day of 2014 and the sixth-largest in November. The film went to the No. 1 spot during its opening weekend with a $273.8 million worldwide gross, becoming the biggest opening of 2014 and marking \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" film series as the only franchise to have three films earn over $100 million in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3069324", "chunk_text": "\"Fictional world of The Hunger Games\"\nteam and stylist prepare the victor to show off for the crowds of people just as when they appeared in the Capitol before the games. During the Victory Tour Katniss and Peeta try unsuccessfully to convince President Coriolanus Snow of their love. Fictional world of The Hunger Games \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" universe is a fictional world appearing in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" trilogy written by Suzanne Collins. It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem, its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides, and the outlying districts, numbered 1 to 12, each with a different economy. In addition, there is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7838133", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film)\"\nsome viewers saw \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" as a Christian allegory. Jeffrey Weiss of Real Clear Religion, published in the \"\"Star Tribune\"\" has remarked on what he saw as the intentional absence of religion in \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" universe, and has commented that while the stories contain no actual religion, people are \"\"find[ing] aspects that represent their own religious values\"\" within it. Charles McGrath, writing for \"\"The New York Times\"\", said that the film will remind viewers of the television series \"\"Survivor\"\", a little of \"\"The Bachelorette\"\", and of the short story \"\"The Lottery\"\" by Shirley Jackson published in 1948 by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3698905", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games\"\nof \"\"The New York Times\"\" compared \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" with Scott Westerfeld's \"\"The Uglies\"\" series. \"\"Catching Fire\"\" was praised for improving upon the first book. \"\"Mockingjay\"\" was praised for its portrayal of violence, world building, and romantic intrigue. The series received criticism regarding its reality TV \"\"death game\"\" theme being derivative of works such as \"\"Battle Royale\"\", \"\"The Running Man\"\", \"\"The Long Walk\"\", and \"\"\"\". The series was also criticized for the romantic plotline: Rollie Welch of Ohio's \"\"The Plain Dealer\"\" criticized the characters' lack of resolute behavior, and Jennifer Reese of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" stated that there was little distinction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5810197", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film)\"\nof the nation's 12 districts are chosen annually as \"\"tributes\"\" and forced to compete in The Hunger Games, an elaborate televised fight to the death. Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) volunteers to take her younger sister's place, and with her district's male tribute, Peeta Mellark (Josh Hutcherson), travels to the Capitol to train and compete in the games. Development of \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force, which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier. Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay. The screenplay expanded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7838149", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (film)\"\nproduction in the summer of 2012. Gary Ross did not return for \"\"Catching Fire\"\", and instead Francis Lawrence directed the film. On May 6, 2012, it was reported that Michael Arndt was in talks to re-write the script for \"\"Catching Fire\"\". Arndt officially signed on as the new script writer on May 24, 2012. \"\"The Hunger Games: Catching Fire\"\" began filming September 10, 2012, and concluded December 21, 2012; it premiered in London on November 11, 2013, before premiering on November 22, 2013 in the US as was originally scheduled. In July 2012, release dates were confirmed for two films", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13457935", "chunk_text": "Mockingjay\nbringing the initial print run up to 1.6 million. Scholastic Trade president Ellie Berger said that sales \"\"have exceeded all expectations\"\". The book has also been released in e-book format and topped sales in the week ending with August 29, 2010, beating out \"\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\"\", which had held the top spot since April. The other \"\"Hunger Games\"\" books have also made it in the top ten, with the first book at fifth and the second book taking eighth. , the book has sold over 9 million copies. To promote the release of \"\"Mockingjay\"\", many bookstores held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12637302", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\"\ninto two parts. \"\"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1\"\" was released on November 21, 2014 and \"\"The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2\"\" was released on November 20, 2015. Many directors, including Rian Johnson, Francis Lawrence and Alfonso Cuarón were considered for the job. On November 1, 2012, Lawrence, director of \"\"\"\", announced he would return to direct both final parts in the series. On December 6, 2012, Danny Strong announced that he would be writing the third and fourth films. On February 15, 2013, Lionsgate confirmed the script for \"\"Part 1\"\" was written by Strong, giving him permission", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3069295", "chunk_text": "\"Fictional world of The Hunger Games\"\nis being trained for a military rebellion against the Capitol. On the other hand, free education is provided, and all refugees are allowed to become citizens. This is, in part, due to the eagerness of the district to add more genetic diversity in the population due to a deadly virus hitting the district years before which made many infertile. Weddings are usually not celebrated since marriages are done through simple paper-signing, though the wedding of Finnick Odair and Annie Cresta in \"\"Mockingjay\"\" deviates from this. Every year since the Dark Days, which occurred 75 years before the events of \"\"Mockingjay\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14753624", "chunk_text": "\"Catching Fire\"\nwas later released in ebook and audiobook format. \"\"Catching Fire\"\" received mostly positive reviews, with reviewers praising Collins' prose, the book's ending, and the development of Katniss's character. According to critics, major themes of the novel include survival, authoritarianism, rebellion and interdependence versus independence. The book has sold more than 19 million copies in the U.S. alone. A film adaptation, \"\"\"\", was released on November 22, 2013. After winning the 74th Hunger Games in the previous novel, Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark return home to District 12, the poorest sector in the country of Panem. On the day that Katniss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "579905", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunger Games (novel)\"\ndifficult parts of the book to write, but that she had accepted that passages such as these were necessary to the story. She considered the moments where Katniss reflects on happier moments in her past to be more enjoyable. \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" takes place in a nation known as Panem, established in North America after the destruction of the continent's civilization by an unknown apocalyptic event. The nation consists of the wealthy Capitol and twelve surrounding, poorer districts under the Capitol's dictatorial control. The Capitol exploits the districts for their natural resources and cheap labour. District 12 is in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_749	how much is the united states in debt to china?	n/a	[ "$1.06 trillion", "1,200.5" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449037", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of China\"\nNational debt of China The national debt (or government debt) of the People's Republic of China is the total amount of money owed by the government and all state organizations and government branches of China. As of October 2018, it stands at approximately 36 trillion ( 5.2 trillion), equivalent to about 47.6% of GDP. Standard & Poor's Global Ratings has stated Chinese local governments may have an additional 40 trillion ($5.8 trillion) in off-balance sheet debt. The high debt level is a current economic issue facing China. The International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449032", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of China\"\nNational debt of China The national debt (or government debt) of the People's Republic of China is the total amount of money owed by the government and all state organizations and government branches of China. As of October 2018, it stands at approximately 36 trillion ( 5.2 trillion), equivalent to about 47.6% of GDP. Standard & Poor's Global Ratings has stated Chinese local governments may have an additional 40 trillion ($5.8 trillion) in off-balance sheet debt. The high debt level is a current economic issue facing China. The International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11843290", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nheld by the public was $15.8 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.8 trillion, for a total or \"\"National Debt\"\" of $21.6 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $9.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13909156", "chunk_text": "China\nestimated $1.6 trillion of US securities, and was also the largest foreign holder of US public debt, owning over $1.16 trillion in US Treasury bonds. China's undervalued exchange rate has caused friction with other major economies, and it has also been widely criticized for manufacturing large quantities of counterfeit goods. According to consulting firm McKinsey, total outstanding debt in China increased from $7.4 trillion in 2007 to $28.2 trillion in 2014, which reflects 228% of China's GDP. In 2017 the Institute of International Finance reported that China's debt had reached 304% of its GDP. China ranked 29th in the Global", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16030903", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nbudget, total national debt will grow to nearly 100% of GDP, versus a level of approximately 80% in early 2009. The White House estimates that the government's tab for servicing the debt will exceed $700 billion a year in 2019, up from $202 billion in 2009. The U.S. Treasury statistics indicate that, at the end of 2006, non-US citizens and institutions held 44% of federal debt held by the public. , China, holding $1.26 trillion in treasury bonds, is the largest foreign financier of the U.S. public debt. The overall financial position of the United States as of 2014 includes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449033", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of China\"\nsources, such as the Article IV Consultation Reports, state that, at the end of 2014, the \"\"general government gross debt\"\"-to-GDP ratio for China was 41.54 percent. With China's 2014 GDP being 10,356.508 billion, this makes the government debt of China approximately 4.3 trillion. The foreign debt of China, by June 2015, stood at around 1.68 trillion, according to data from the country's State Administration of Foreign Exchange as quoted by the State Council. The figure does not include Hong Kong, Macau or that of Taiwan. Chinese foreign debt denominated in the U.S. dollar was 80 percent of the total, euros", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11843331", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\napproximately 47 percent of the debt held by the public of $12.8 trillion and 34 percent of the total debt of $17.8 trillion. , the largest holders were China, Japan, Ireland, and Brazil. The share held by foreign governments has grown over time, rising from 13 percent of the public debt in 1988 to 25 percent in 2007. As of September 2014, the largest single holder of U.S. government debt was China, with 21 percent of all foreign-held U.S. Treasury securities (10 percent of total U.S. public debt). China's holdings of government debt as a percentage of all foreign-held government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15648365", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nU.S. nuclear weapons from 1940 to 1998 was $5.5 trillion in 1996 Dollars. The total public debt at the end of fiscal year 1998 was $5,478,189,000,000 in 1998 Dollars or $5.3 trillion in 1996 Dollars. Sources: Eurostat, International Monetary Fund, \"\"World Economic Outlook\"\" (emerging market economies); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \"\"Economic Outlook\"\" (advanced economies)IMF, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, People's Republic of, Fiji, Georgia, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao P.D.R., Macao SAR,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353945", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nin order to uphold their economic status. The PRC's military budget is often mentioned as a threat by many, including the Blue Team. The PRC's investment in its military is growing rapidly. The United States, along with independent analysts, remains convinced that the PRC conceals the real extent of its military spending. According to the PRC government, China spent $45 billion on defense in 2007. In contrast, the United States had a $623-billion budget for the military in 2008, $123 billion more than the combined military budgets of all other countries in the world. Some very broad US estimates maintain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15648366", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nMalaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Fed. States of, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Province of China, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam National debt of the United States The national debt of the United States is the debt, or unpaid borrowed funds, carried by the federal government of the United States, which is measured as the face value of the currently outstanding Treasury securities that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. The terms national deficit and national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19329241", "chunk_text": "Chimerica\na member, to its own informal nascent empire in commodity-rich Africa.\"\" The accumulation of American debt, which has been estimated at over $800 billion, suggests the two nations are intrinsically linked; the economic symbiosis prevalent between the two suggests that separation would harm both countries and be disastrous for the global economy. Another way to measure this integration is the trade deficit. The US trade deficit with China was $295 billion in 2011, meaning the US imported that much more goods and services from China than it exported to China. The Economic Policy Institute estimated that from 2001–2011, 2.7 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353942", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nObama administration to take a hard-line stance against China and compel them to raise the value of their currency, and legislation was introduced to the United States Congress calling on the President to impose tariffs on Chinese imports until China properly values its currency. Since 2014, the situation changed dramatically, as China stopped artificially deflating its currency, as the growth in the Chinese economy slowed and Chinese investors made more investments outside the country, leading to a drop in the yuan's value in relation to the dollar, as well as a decline in China's reserves. China is a major creditor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353935", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nis valued at $48 billion. The US trade deficit with mainland China exceeded $350 billion in 2006 and was the United States' largest bilateral trade deficit. Some of the factors that influence the U.S. trade deficit with mainland China include: Beginning in 2009, the US and China agreed to hold regular high-level talks about economic issues and other mutual concerns by establishing the Strategic Economic Dialogue, which meets biannually. Five meetings have been held, the most recent in December 2008. Economic nationalism seems to be rising in both countries, a point the leaders of the two delegations noted in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3883131", "chunk_text": "\"United States federal budget\"\n2011 and an estimated $15.6 trillion for 2012 based on activity during the first two quarters. This means the total debt is roughly the size of GDP. Economists debate the level of debt relative to GDP that signals a \"\"red line\"\" or dangerous level, or if any such level exists. By comparison, China's budget deficit was 1.6% of its $10 trillion GDP in 2010, with a debt to GDP ratio of 16%. The CBO reported several types of risk factors related to rising debt levels in a July 2010 publication: However, since mid to late 2010, the U.S. Treasury has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353943", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nand the second largest foreign holder of US public debt and has been critical of US deficits and fiscal policy, advising for policies that maintain the purchasing value of the dollar although it had little few options other than to continue to buy United States Treasury bonds. China condemned the US monetary policy of quantitative easing, responding to S&P's downgrade of U.S. credit rating, and advised the United States not to continue with the accumulation of debt, concluding with the statement that America cannot continue to borrow to solve financial problems. Chinese dependency on the US dollar became prevalent after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11843297", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nAs of July 31, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.6 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total of $21 trillion. As of October 28, 2018, public debt was $15.8 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.8 trillion with a total of $21.7 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. The national debt can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9592492", "chunk_text": "\"Debt-to-GDP ratio\"\n103.8%. The level of public debt in Japan was 246.1% of GDP, in China 16.5% and in India 61.8%, in 2017 according to the IMF, while the public debt-to-GDP ratio at the end of the 2nd quarter of 2016 was at 70.1% of GDP in Germany, 89.1% in the United Kingdom, 98.2% in France and 135.5% in Italy, according to Eurostat. Two thirds of US public debt is owned by US citizens, banks, corporations, and the Federal Reserve Bank; approximately one third of US public debt is held by foreign countries – particularly China and Japan. Conversely, less than 5%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353944", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nthe purchase of shares of the United States debt during the Great Recession. Due to this purchase, the two nations share a deeply rooted economic relationship. US depends on China for holding their debt and, in turn, China cannot sell their debt without decreasing the value of the US dollar in which the Chinese depend on for economic development. As result, the two countries depend on each other for further economic development. The economic connection between China and the United states is a powerful factor in reducing conflict between the two nations. Cooperation is essential between China and the US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353838", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nperiods of open conflict, most notably during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Currently, China and the United States have mutual political, economic, and security interests, including but not limited to the proliferation of nuclear weapons, although there are unresolved concerns relating to the role of democracy in government in China and human rights in both respective countries. China is the largest foreign creditor of the United States. The two countries remain in dispute over territorial issues in the South China Sea. Public opinion of the other country tends to fluctuate around 40 to 50 percent favorability. As of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1609106", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nstated that \"\"because foreign holdings of U.S. Treasury securities represent only a small part of total U.S. credit market debt outstanding, U.S. credit markets should be able to absorb without great difficulty any shift of foreign allocations.\"\" A significant number of economists and analysts dismiss any and all concerns over foreign holdings of United States government debt denominated in U.S. dollars, including China's holdings. According to the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the United States is on a \"\"fiscally unsustainable\"\" path because of projected future increases in Medicare and Social Security spending. Debt levels may affect economic growth rates. In 2010,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11843332", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\ndebt are up significantly since 2000, when China held just six percent of all foreign-held U.S. Treasury securities. This exposure to potential financial or political risk should foreign banks stop buying Treasury securities or start selling them heavily was addressed in a June 2008 report issued by the Bank of International Settlements, which stated: \"\"Foreign investors in U.S. dollar assets have seen big losses measured in dollars, and still bigger ones measured in their own currency. While unlikely, indeed highly improbable for public sector investors, a sudden rush for the exits cannot be ruled out completely.\"\" On May 20, 2007,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6739695", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\ntrillion. The net deficit in goods was $807 billion, while the net surplus in services was $255 billion. Americas ten largest trading partners are China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, India and Taiwan. The goods trade deficit with China rose from $347 billion in 2016 to $376 billion in 2017, an increase of $30 billion or 8%. In 2017, the U.S. had a goods trade deficit of $71 billion with Mexico and $17 billion with Canada. According to the KOF Index of Globalization and the Globalization Index by A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine, the U.S. has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20315383", "chunk_text": "\"United States Balance of trade\"\nwhen the economy recovered from recessions. Some economists contend that the U.S. is borrowing to fund consumption of imports while accumulating unsustainable amounts of debt. In 2006, the primary economic concerns focused on: high national debt ($9 trillion), high non-bank corporate debt ($9 trillion), high mortgage debt ($9 trillion), high financial institution debt ($12 trillion), high unfunded Medicare liability ($30 trillion), high unfunded Social Security liability ($12 trillion), high external debt (amount owed to foreign lenders) and a serious deterioration in the United States net international investment position (NIIP) (-24% of GDP), high trade deficits, and a rise in illegal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14324656", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nrelatively high degree of globalization. U.S. workers send a third of all remittances in the world. U.S. household and non-profit net worth exceeded $100 trillion for the first time in Q1 2018; it has been setting records since Q4 2012. The U.S. federal government or \"\"national debt\"\" was $21.1 trillion in May 2018, just over 100% GDP. Using a subset of the national debt called \"\"debt held by the public\"\", U.S. debt was approximately 77% GDP in 2017. By this measure, the U.S. ranked 43rd highest among 2017 nations. Debt held by the public rose considerably as a result of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368756", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of China\"\nof 2013. It first broke the $100 billion mark in 1988, $200 billion in 1994, $500 billion in 2001, $1 trillion mark ($1.15 trillion) in 2004,$2 trillion mark ($2.17 trillion) in 2007,$3 trillion mark ($3.64 trillion) in 2011, and $4 trillion mark ($4.16 trillion) in 2013. The table below shows the average annual growth (in nominal US dollar terms) of China's foreign trade during the reform era. The vast majority of China's imports consists of industrial supplies and capital goods, notably machinery and high-technology equipment, the majority of which comes from the developed countries, primarily Japan and the United States.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368679", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of China\"\ninefficient power plants had been closed, but projections continued to show a dramatic rise in carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels. The International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and other sources, such as the Article IV Consultation Reports, state that, at the end of 2014, the \"\"general government gross debt\"\"-to-GDP ratio for China was 41.44 percent. With China's 2014 GDP being 10,356.508 billion, this makes the government debt of China approximately 4.3 trillion. By the mid-2010s, many analysts have expressed concern over the overall \"\"size\"\" of the Chinese government debt. A 2015 International Monetary Fund report", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353836", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nChina–United States relations China–United States relations, also known as U.S.–Chinese relations, Chinese–U.S. relations, or Sino-American relations, refers to international relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. The history of the relationship can be traced back to when the United States gained independence. The relationship between the two countries is quite strong and is even somewhat positive. However at the same time, the relationship is also complex. Both countries have an extremely extensive economic partnership, and a great amount of trade between the two countries necessitates somewhat positive political relations, yet significant issues exist. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9723791", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nis higher than the rate of increase of debt. Conversely, the debt to GDP ratio can increase even while debt is being reduced, if the decline in GDP is sufficient. According to the \"\"CIA World Factbook\"\", during 2015, the U.S. debt to GDP ratio of 73.6% was the 39th highest in the world. This was measured using \"\"debt held by the public.\"\" However, $1 trillion in additional borrowing since the end of FY 2015 has raised the ratio to 76.2% as of April 2016 [See Appendix#National debt for selected years]. Also, this number excludes state and local debt. According to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3220196", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\neconomic analysts have expressed concerns on account of the People's Republic of China's \"\"extensive\"\" holdings of United States government debt, as part of their reserves. The National Defense Authorization Act of the fiscal year 2012 included a provision requiring the Secretary of Defense to conduct a \"\"national security risk assessment of U.S. federal debt held by China.\"\" The Department issued its report in July 2012, stating that \"\"attempting to use U.S. Treasury securities as a coercive tool would have limited effect and likely would do more harm to China than to the United States. As the threat is not credible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7094723", "chunk_text": "\"2018 China–United States trade war\"\nwas violating intellectual property rights. In adding various tariffs, the U.S. administration is relying partly on Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 to prevent what it calls are unfair trade practices and theft of intellectual property. This gives the president the authority to unilaterally impose fines or other penalties on a trading partner if it is deemed to be unfairly harming U.S. business interests. In August 2017, the U.S. had opened a formal investigation into attacks on the intellectual property of the U.S. and its allies, which cost the U.S. alone an estimated $225–600 billion a year.<ref name=\"\"IP/D/38", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3717556", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nPPP. The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency. The United States is the largest importer of goods and second-largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export. Japan is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt. The largest holder of the U.S. debt are American entities, including federal government accounts and the Federal Reserve, who hold the majority of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14505745", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign aid to China\"\nabout US$1.10 per capita. This total was down from the 1999 figure of US$2.4 billion, or US$1.90 per capita. In 2003 China received US$1.3 billion in aid, or about US$1 per capita. Like other countries in recent years, the United States has rapidly lowered foreign aid to China, reaching about $12 million from USAID for 2011. The aid goes to Tibetan communities, rule of law initiatives, and climate change policy. In 2011, an aid package amounting to $3.95 million and designated for climate change was the subject of a critical Congressional panel hearing titled \"\"Feeding the Dragon: Reevaluating U.S. Development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2063079", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nof FY 2012 spending included: Medicare & Medicaid ($802B or 23% of spending), Social Security ($768B or 22%), Defense Department ($670B or 19%), non-defense discretionary ($615B or 17%), other mandatory ($461B or 13%) and interest ($223B or 6%). The total national debt of the United States in the United States was $18.527 trillion (106% of the GDP) in 2014. The President holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The United States Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Marine Corps,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16030812", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nits military, the full faith of the U.S. government to reimburse its debts, its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II, and the petrodollar system. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others, it is the \"\"de facto\"\" currency. Its largest trading partners are China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, India, and Taiwan. The nation's economy is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. It has the second-highest total-estimated value of natural resources, valued at $45 trillion in 2016. Americans have the highest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5587194", "chunk_text": "\"Military budget of China\"\n$238.20 billion between 2011 and 2015. This would make it larger than the defense budgets of all other major Asian nations combined. This is still smaller than the estimated United States defense budget of $525.40 billion for 2013. However, United States defense spending is slightly declining. In 2017, the magazine Popular Mechanics estimated that China's annual military spending is greater than $200 billion, around 2% of the GDP. Amitai Etzioni of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies urges policymakers to avoid jumping to the conclusion that China is a rising \"\"adversary\"\" based on its military budget and economic success, whereas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353938", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nbilateral deficit between China and the US. A series of estimates based on true domestic content can cut the overall deficit – which was $252bn in November 2010 – by half, if not more.\"\" In early 2012, a dispute over rare earth minerals was brought into the light between the two countries. President Obama made an announcement that the United States would be one of a few countries to file a dispute with China. Amongst the United States, Japan and other Western European countries would also be filing disputes as well. This is simply just one of few disputes between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14746433", "chunk_text": "\"Financial position of the United States\"\ndebt Financial position of the United States The financial position of the United States includes assets of at least $269.6 trillion (1576% of GDP) and debts of $145.8 trillion (852% of GDP) to produce a net worth of at least $123.8 trillion (723% of GDP) as of Q1 2014. The U.S. increased the ratio of public and private debt from 152% GDP in 1980 to peak at 296% GDP in 2008, before falling to 279% GDP by Q2 2011. The 2009-2011 decline was due to foreclosures and increased rates of household saving. There were significant declines in debt to GDP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353946", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nthat the PRC military spends between $85 billion and $125 billion. According to official figures, the PRC spent $123 million on defense per day in 2007. In comparison, the US spent $1.7 billion ($1,660 million) per day that year. The concerns over the Chinese military budget may come from US worries that the PRC is attempting to threaten its neighbors or challenge the United States. Concerns have been raised that China is developing a large naval base near the South China Sea and has diverted resources from the People's Liberation Army Ground Force to the People's Liberation Army Navy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449036", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of China\"\n2015, local government entities owed a total of about 18 trillion yuan (about one-third of China's economy), mostly to state-owned banks who had made loans to the local governments \"\"to fund risky land and property deals.\"\" The Chinese central government authorized provinces to issue at least 2.6 trillion yuan ($419 billion) in bonds in 2015 in order to stabilize the financial system. However, demand for provincial bonds from the private market was weak due to inadequate yields, and in May 2015, the central government directed state-owned lenders to buy the local bonds, creating a debt swap akin to a bailout.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1366208", "chunk_text": "\"Comparison of Canadian and American economies\"\ngross state product (GSP) of US$1.696 trillion in 2017. The US share of the global market economy estimated at US$79.98 trillion, is c. 25%, which is down from 35% in 2005. China's global e-commerce market share has grown rapidly from less than 1% in c. 1998 to 42% in 2018. China now has second largest economy in the world with a value of US$14 trillion. Canada's 2017 debt-to-GDP ratio was 89.7%, compared to the United States at 107.8%. The GDP of the United States increased by 2.3% to US$19,390.6 billion compared to Canada with a GDP of US$48,265 billion and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9723793", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\npublic debt of $19.19 trillion. U.S. GDP for the previous 12 months was approximately $18.15 trillion, for a total debt to GDP ratio of approximately 106%. Conceptually, an annual deficit (or surplus) should represent the change in the national debt, with a deficit adding to the national debt and a surplus reducing it. However, there is complexity in the budgetary computations that can make the deficit figure commonly reported in the media (the \"\"total deficit\"\") considerably different from the annual increase in the debt. The major categories of differences are the treatment of the Social Security program, Treasury borrowing, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12897786", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\n17.7% in FY 2016. Tax revenues averaged approximately 17.4% GDP over the 1980–2017 period. The federal budget deficit (i.e., expenses greater than revenues) was $665 billion in FY2017, versus $585 billion in 2016, an increase of $80 billion or 14%. The budget deficit was 3.5% GDP in 2017, versus 3.2% GDP in 2016. The budget deficit is forecast to rise to $804 billion in FY 2018, due significantly to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and other spending bills. An aging country and healthcare inflation are other drivers of deficits and debt over the long-run. Debt held by the public,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353839", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\n2015, China's public opinion of the U.S. is at 44%, while the United States' public opinion of China is somewhat lower at 38%. The highest recorded favorable opinion of the United States was at 58% (2010) and the lowest at 38% (2007). Conversely, the highest recorded favorable opinion of China was at 52% (2006) and the lowest at 35% (2014). Relations with China began under George Washington, leading to the 1845 Treaty of Wangxia. The U.S. was allied to the Republic of China during the Pacific War, but broke off relations with China for 25 years when the communist government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3883130", "chunk_text": "\"United States federal budget\"\n\"\"debt held by the public\"\" and \"\"intra-governmental debt.\"\" The debt held by the public refers to U.S. government securities or other obligations held by investors (e.g., bonds, bills and notes), while Social Security and other federal trust funds are part of the intra-governmental debt. As of September 30, 2012 the total debt was $16.1 trillion, with debt held by the public of $11.3 trillion and intragovernmental debt of $4.8 trillion. Debt held by the public as a percentage of GDP rose from 34.7% in 2000 to 40.3% in 2008 and 70.0% in 2012. U.S. GDP was approximately $15 trillion during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9723792", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nthe OECD, general government gross debt (federal, state, and local) in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2015 was $22.5 trillion (125% of GDP); subtracting out $5.25 trillion for intergovernmental federal debt to count only federal \"\"debt held by the public\"\" gives 96% of GDP. The ratio is higher if the total national debt is used, by adding the \"\"intragovernmental debt\"\" to the \"\"debt held by the public.\"\" For example, on April 29, 2016, debt held by the public was approximately $13.84 trillion or about 76% of GDP. Intra-governmental holdings stood at $5.35 trillion, giving a combined total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353933", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nthe Trump Administration’s national-security levies on steel and aluminum imports the previous month.The Chinese Government's response is measured, affecting $3 billion in annual trade or about 2% of U.S. goods exports to China. By late September 2018, the Trump Administration had placed tariffs (25% tax increase) on $250 billion worth of Chinese goods, in an attempt to offset the trade imbalance between the two countries. Huawei's Chief financial officer Meng Wanzhou, daughter of Huawei's founder Ren Zhengfei, was arrested in Canada on December 1, 2018 at the request of U.S. authorities. U.S. Senator Ben Sasse said that China is undermining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6272359", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nthe Great Recession and its aftermath. It is expected to continue rising as the country ages towards 100% GDP by 2028. The U.S. public debt was $909 billion in 1980, an amount equal to 33% of America's gross domestic product (GDP); by 1990, that number had more than tripled to $3.2 trillion—or 56% of GDP. In 2001 the national debt was $5.7 trillion; however, the debt-to-GDP ratio remained at 1990 levels. Debt levels rose quickly in the following decade, and on January 28, 2010, the U.S. debt ceiling was raised to $14.3 trillion. Based on the 2010 United States federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4720210", "chunk_text": "\"Financial position of the United States\"\nU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010 Accounts The Federal Reserve issues routine reports on the flows and levels of debt in the United States. As of the first quarter of 2010, the Federal Reserve estimated that total public and private debt owed by American households, businesses, and government totaled $50 trillion, or roughly $175,000 per American and 3.5 times GDP. Interest payments on debt by US households, businesses, governments, and nonprofits totaled $3.29 trillion in 2008. The financial sector paid an additional $178.6 billion in interest on deposits. In 1946, the total US debt-to-GDP ratio was 150%, with two-thirds of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353965", "chunk_text": "\"China–United States relations\"\nan answer to a question from a senator, that China is trying to influence U.S. elections. China–United States relations China–United States relations, also known as U.S.–Chinese relations, Chinese–U.S. relations, or Sino-American relations, refers to international relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. The history of the relationship can be traced back to when the United States gained independence. The relationship between the two countries is quite strong and is even somewhat positive. However at the same time, the relationship is also complex. Both countries have an extremely extensive economic partnership, and a great amount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11843291", "chunk_text": "\"National debt of the United States\"\nJapan (about $1.06 trillion). The United States government has continuously had a fluctuating public debt since its formation in 1789, except for about a year during 1835–1836, a period in which president Andrew Jackson completely paid the national debt. To allow comparisons over the years, public debt is often expressed as a ratio to gross domestic product (GDP). The United States public debt as a percentage of GDP reached its highest level during Harry Truman's first presidential term, during and after World War II. Public debt as a percentage of GDP fell rapidly in the post-World War II period, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_750	where did the race in grease take place?	n/a	[ "Thunder Road" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759750", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nwere shot at Venice High School in Venice, California, while the Rydell interiors, including the high school dance, were filmed at Huntington Park High School. The sleepover was shot at a private house in East Hollywood. The Paramount Pictures studio lot was the location of the scenes that involve Frosty Palace and the musical numbers \"\"Greased Lightning\"\" and \"\"Beauty School Dropout\"\". The drive-in movie scenes were shot at the Burbank Pickwick Drive-In (it was closed and torn down in 1989 and a shopping center took its place). The race was filmed at the Los Angeles River, between the First and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975519", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nSeventh Street Bridges, where many other films have been shot. The final scene where the carnival took place used John Marshall High School. Furthermore, owing to budget cuts, a short scene was filmed at Hazard Park in Los Angeles. Scenes inside the Frosty Palace contain obvious blurring of various Coca-Cola signs. Prior to the film's release, producer Allan Carr had made a product-placement deal with Coca-Cola's main competitor Pepsi (for example, a Pepsi logo can be seen in the animated opening sequence). When Carr saw the footage of the scene with Coca-Cola products and signage, he ordered director Randal Kleiser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293626", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\nteam so he can better provide for his family. As years pass, Wendell joins the Grand National circuit, the highest level of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), competing at tracks in Atlanta, Georgia; Darlington, South Carolina; Riverside, California; Phoenix, Arizona; Talladega, Alabama; and Daytona, Florida. By 1965, Wendell is a local celebrity, and Sheriff Cotton visits the Scott home. Cotton is running for Mayor of Danville and he wants a picture with Wendell and the family as a de facto endorsement. Sometime later, Wendell has a serious crash during a Talladega race and is hospitalized. Mary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1745385", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nRizzo's character that have been spread around school. She thanks Sandy and muses to herself about how her sins are not as bad as they could be (\"\"There Are Worse Things I Could Do\"\"). The T-Birds, Pink Ladies, and Scorpions gather for the race, with the winner receiving the loser's car as a prize. Just before the race begins, Kenickie hits his head, and Danny takes the wheel. Despite Leo using bladed hub caps (in a sequence paying homage to \"\"Ben-Hur\"\"), Danny wins the race. Sandy watches from afar and concludes that she must change her approach to life if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1745384", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nhis ring at him and run off in disgust, leaving Danny distraught (\"\"Sandy\"\"). Meanwhile, Rizzo admits she may be pregnant to Marty and asks her to keep it a secret, but the story gets back to Kenickie, and he tells Rizzo he doesn't run away from his mistakes. Rizzo tells Kenickie the baby isn't his, which both relieves and upsets him. The next day, the T-Birds have finished Kenickie's car and he is eager to race it against Leo's at Thunder Road. Sandy tells Rizzo she plans to watch the race and offers to help Rizzo despite the rumors about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759730", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nand sweet Australian girl Sandy Olsson meet at the beach and fall in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, whose family is returning to Australia, worries that they might never meet again, but Danny tells her that their love is \"\"only the beginning.\"\" At the beginning of the new school year at Rydell High School (\"\"Grease\"\"), Danny reunites with his fellow gang members, the T-Birds, of whom his best friend Kenickie, along with Doody, Sonny, and Putzie are members. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to Danny, Sandy arrives at school, with her family's plans having changed, with her new friend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759732", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nteases that perhaps she'll meet him again. At a pep rally before a football game, Sandy and Patty perform as cheerleaders; there, Sandy and Tom flirt. Kenickie arrives with a used car he plans on rebuilding so he can race it at Thunder Road, a popular street race spot; as he says this, Leo Balmudo, a rival greaser from the Scorpions, drives by in a menacing manner. Rizzo puts Sandy and Danny together, surprising both of them. Sandy is thrilled to see Danny, but he is obnoxious and indifferent, upsetting Sandy. Frenchy invites Sandy to a sleepover with the Pink", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759735", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nan attempt by Patty to flirt with him, apologizes to Sandy for his behavior at the pep rally, but she rejects him having started dating Tom instead. Danny approaches Coach Calhoun about playing a sport. After picking fights with the jocks in basketball, wrestling and baseball, Calhoun suggests cross-country running; Danny proves to be a successful runner, which impresses Sandy and angers Tom. Danny takes Sandy to the Frosty Palace for a date; they are soon joined by the rest of the greasers, and Danny and Sandy quickly leave in discomfort. Putzie and Jan, in an awkward exchange, agree to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15793778", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nplay Coach Calhoun; however, executives at Paramount nixed the idea due to Reems' previous work in adult films, and producers cast Sid Caesar instead. Caesar was one of several veterans of 1950s television (Eve Arden, Frankie Avalon, Joan Blondell, Edd Byrnes, Alice Ghostley, Dody Goodman) to be cast in supporting roles. Coincidentally, Frankie Avalon and Randal Kleiser had both appeared in 1966's \"\"Fireball 500\"\", the latter as an extra. The opening beach scene was shot at Malibu's Leo Carrillo State Beach, making explicit reference to \"\"From Here to Eternity\"\". The exterior Rydell scenes, including the basketball, baseball and track segments,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293625", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\nsteak dinners at a \"\"whites-only\"\" restaurant. A white driver named Hutch accompanies him and they become friends. At the next race, Hutch's car will no longer run and he is forced to give up, so he joins Wendell's team as a mechanic. A few years later, in 1955, Wendell faces off with rival Beau Welles at Middle Virginia Speedway. Wendell wins a close race, but Welles is declared the winner. After the crowd has gone, the race officials admit there was an error, but Wendell is enraged because is denied the trophy and recognition. He encourages Hutch join a bigger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15139945", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nGrease (musical) Grease is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Named after the 1950s United States working-class youth subculture known as greasers, the musical is set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (based on William Howard Taft School in Chicago, Illinois) and follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of peer pressure, politics, personal core values, and love. The score borrows heavily from the sounds of early rock and roll. In its original production in Chicago, \"\"Grease\"\" was a raunchy, raw, aggressive, vulgar show. Subsequent productions sanitized it and toned it down. The show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293624", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\nfinish line. Byrnes promotes Wendell as the first black stock car driver and on race day, there is a large multiracial crowd. During the contest, the white drivers run Wendell off the track, but he manages to complete the race and secure his freedom. Having discovered his calling, Wendell fixes up his car. At the junkyard, he meets a man named Woodrow, who volunteers to be his mechanic. Mary does not want Wendell to continue racing, but he insists on following his dream. Barred from racing at most tracks, Wendell finally gets a chance, finishes fourth, and is awarded two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293623", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\nto make money legally and this is the only way he can buy the garage. Five years later, Sheriff Cotton has still been unable to apprehend Wendell, but he captures Slack in a raid. On Easter Sunday, Wendell takes over one of Slack's runs, but soon realizes it is a set-up when he is arrested. Billy Joe Byrnes, the local automobile racetrack owner, makes Cotton and Wendell a proposition: if Wendell agrees to race at Byrnes' track, twelve of the fifteen charges against him will be dropped, and he will receive probation. All Wendell needs to do is cross the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293627", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\nbegs her now forty-two-year-old husband to retire, but he is adamant about racing. Later, Wendell enters an important race, and recruits Woodrow, Peewee, and his family and friends, to help him. Wendell goes to the garage of Beau Welles, hoping to buy a used engine and finds Hutch working there. Inspired by Wendell's determination, Hutch quits to rejoin Wendell's team. Back in Danville, Cotton, now mayor, works to secure Wendell sponsors so he can compete with major teams. On the day of the big race, Wendell worries that Mary will not come, but she arrives just before it starts. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759734", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nand Doody. Sandy laments over her feelings towards Danny, despite his earlier behavior (\"\"Hopelessly Devoted to You\"\"). Kenickie and Rizzo, while in the midst of sex, are interrupted when Leo, along with his girlfriend Cha-Cha, deliberately crashes his own street racer into Kenickie's and insults Rizzo. At the same time, Kenickie's condom breaks. The next day, the T-Birds look over Kenickie's car, and although they are initially skeptical of its potential, Danny and Kenickie explain the modifications they could add to make it a hot-rodding sex machine (\"\"Greased Lightnin'\"\"). At the popular hangout The Frosty Palace, Danny, after brushing off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20480835", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\nGreased Lightning Greased Lightning is a 1977 American biographical film starring Richard Pryor, Beau Bridges, and Pam Grier, and directed by Michael Schultz. Richie Havens provided the soundtrack. \"\"Greased Lightning\"\" is a film loosely based on the true life story of Wendell Scott, the first African American NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race winner and 2015 NASCAR Hall of Fame inductee. \"\"Greased Lightning\"\" was partially filmed in Winder, Georgia, Athens, Georgia at the former Athens Speedway, and Madison, Georgia, as well as Middle Georgia Raceway in Byron, Georgia. In 1930s Danville, Virginia, an African American boy named Wendell Scott impresses a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15139946", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nmentions social issues such as teenage pregnancy, peer pressure and gang violence; its themes include love, friendship, teenage rebellion, sexual exploration during adolescence, and, to some extent, class consciousness/class conflict. Jacobs described the show's basic plot as a subversion of common tropes of 1950s cinema, since the female lead, who in many 1950s films transformed the alpha male into a more sensitive and sympathetic character, is instead drawn into the man's influence and transforms into his fantasy. \"\"Grease\"\" was first performed in 1971 in the original Kingston Mines nightclub in Chicago (since demolished). From there, it has been successful on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975499", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nGrease (film) Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on the 1971 musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Written by Bronte Woodard and directed by Randal Kleiser in his theatrical feature film debut, the film depicts the lives of greaser Danny Zuko and Australian transfer student Sandy Olsson who develop an attraction for each other. The film stars John Travolta as Danny, Olivia Newton-John as Sandy, and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo, a member of the Pink Ladies. Released on June 16, 1978, \"\"Grease\"\" was successful both critically and commercially. Its ended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "847140", "chunk_text": "\"Greasy pole\"\npole over water that is erected each year for the Blakeney regatta. The event dates back to 1873 and the prize for winning in the early days was a hog. The object is to reach the end by walking along the heavily greased pole, although in recent years sliding has become the preferred method. Blakeney regatta also includes sailing, swimming, and tug of war across the creek. The Greasy Pole Contest takes place every year during St. Peter's Fiesta in Gloucester, Massachusetts. During this time, many young men try their luck at walking down a greased, wooden pole in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293621", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\ngroup of white boys with his bike-riding prowess. Fifteen years later, Wendell returns to Danville after serving in the Army during World War II. His family welcomes him home with a party and he takes an immediate liking to a guest, Mary Jones. Later, Wendell tells his mother he does not want to work in the cotton mill and plans to use his muster pay to buy a taxicab, eventually open a garage, and be his own boss. As Wendell and Mary begin dating, Wendell tells Mary's family that his real dream is be a champion racecar driver, but they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13947211", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nNot on the Soundtrack The original score calls for a piano, two tenor saxophones, bass guitar, percussion, and two guitars. The 2007 revival includes two pianos, two reeds, trombone, trumpet, guitar, bass guitar, and percussion. Grease (musical) Grease is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Named after the 1950s United States working-class youth subculture known as greasers, the musical is set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (based on William Howard Taft School in Chicago, Illinois) and follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of peer pressure, politics, personal core values, and love. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1745383", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\ndance contest that descends into chaos (\"\"Born to Hand Jive\"\"). Danny and Sandy do well, but Sonny pulls Sandy off the dance floor, allowing Cha Cha to step in and win with Danny. During the last dance (\"\"Blue Moon\"\"), Sonny, Putzie, and Doody moon the national TV audience. Danny apologizes to Sandy and tries to make it up to her by taking her to a drive-in movie theater. She's unmoved by his pleas for forgiveness until he asks her to wear his ring, which she gleefully accepts. Danny then tries to make out with her, causing Sandy to angrily throw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014702", "chunk_text": "\"Grease 2\"\ntalent show, Stephanie and the Cool Rider meet up but are abruptly ambushed by the T-Birds who pursue Michael on their respective motorcycles, with Stephanie and the Pink Ladies following in a car. They chase him to a construction site which conceals a deadly drop, and the biker's absence suggests that he has perished below, leaving Stephanie heartbroken and inconsolable. Johnny and his T-Birds remove the competing Preptones - preppie boys - by tying them to a shower pole in the boys' locker room and drenching them. During the Pink Ladies' performance in the talent show (\"\"Girl for All Seasons\"\"),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10896965", "chunk_text": "\"S Club Party\"\n\"\"Bring It All Back\"\". In February 2018 the single was featured in S01 E03 of comedy music podcast JimBob's Music Massacre. The music video for the track was filmed in the Californian desert - in the famous setting of Vasquez Rocks - on the set of the \"\"Back to the '50s\"\" special. The 50s gang challenge S Club 7 to a race, mirroring the famous race in \"\"Grease\"\". The theme of the video is the United States in the 1950s. The group then sing \"\"S Club Party\"\" and they go on to win the race. Each member of the group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014699", "chunk_text": "\"Grease 2\"\na motorcycle. Following an unusual biology lesson (\"\"Reproduction\"\") given by Mr. Stuart, a substitute teacher, a gang of rival motorcyclists called the Cycle Lords (most of whom are members of the defunct Scorpions) led by Leo Balmudo, surprise the T-Birds at the bowling alley. Before the fight starts, a lone mysterious (unnamed) biker appears (who is actually Michael in disguise,) defeats the enemy gang and disappears into the night (\"\"Who's That Guy?\"\"). Stephanie is fascinated with the stranger. Meanwhile, Louis, one of the T-Birds, attempts to trick his sweetheart Sharon, one of the Pink Ladies and Stephanie's friends into losing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15139951", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nthe show and made a deal to produce it Off-Broadway. The team headed to New York City to collaborate on the New York production of \"\"Grease\"\". The new production, directed by Tom Moore and choreographed by Patricia Birch (who later choreographed the film adaptation, and directed the ill-fated sequel), opened Off-Broadway at the Eden Theatre in downtown Manhattan on February 14, 1972. Though \"\"Grease\"\" opened geographically off-Broadway, it did so under first class Broadway contracts. The show was deemed eligible for the 1972 Tony Awards, receiving seven Tony Award nominations. On June 7, 1972, the production moved to the Broadhurst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4613029", "chunk_text": "\"Grease: Live\"\nto Stay\"\" which was previously only part of the film version. In an interview with \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", Jonas explained that the band was approached by the producers for the role following a concert they had performed in New York City. \"\"Grease: Live\"\" was broadcast from Warner Bros. in Burbank, California, using two soundstages, half of its backlot, and 44 cameras. Set designer David Korins explained that the medium of a live, television musical would \"\"really show off what theater does best, and also what film and television does best\"\", having constructed a self-contained \"\"cafegymatorium\"\" set that is designed to provide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1434429", "chunk_text": "\"Grease Dance\"\na race course in which players use hand gestures to boost and steer their car in a head to head race with the computer. The game was shown by publisher 505 Games at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo as part of their Kinect exhibit, which also included games such as \"\"Blackwater\"\" and \"\"Michael Phelps: Push the Limit\"\". The PlayStation 3 version uses LiveMove 2 technology. \"\"Grease Dance\"\" was released on disc on October 25, 2011 in North America, with and Australian and European release coming on November 3 and November 4, respectively. The game was released as a download title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6358995", "chunk_text": "\"Grease: You're the One That I Want!\"\nmillion (90% of David Ian's investment in the production), although the TV show was a \"\"ratings loser\"\". The show held open auditions in Chicago, New York City and Los Angeles in October and November 2006. The show followed the successes and failures of performers of varying quality and experience through the audition process. The show's hosts, Access Hollywood anchor Billy Bush and British actress/presenter Denise van Outen, encouraged and interviewed the auditioners. The applicants were whittled down to 50, who attended \"\"\"\"Grease\"\" Academy\"\" for intensive training and testing, particularly in voice and dance. From these, 12 contestants were selected by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759731", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\nFrenchy, a member of the Pink Ladies. Other Pink Ladies Rizzo, Marty, and Jan also arrive, excited to be seniors, as does Patty Simcox, a high-achieving cheerleader. At lunch, Frenchy introduces Sandy to the other Pink Ladies while Danny and the T-Birds make fun of practicing football players, including the handsome Tom Chisum. Each group asks Danny and Sandy, respectively, about their summers and they each independently describe their romance without using the other's name, with Sandy's description far more innocent than Danny's (\"\"Summer Nights\"\"). Headed back to class, Sandy reveals that it was Danny Zuko she met, and Rizzo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161223", "chunk_text": "Greasestock\nGreasestock Greasestock is an American event held yearly in Yorktown Heights, New York. It is one of the largest alternative fuel, renewable energy, and low-energy green vehicle exhibitions in the United States. Exhibitors showcase a variety of alternative energy vehicles, as well as exhibits with a sustainable lifestyle theme. Although it is illegal in New York to power a vehicle with waste vegetable oil (the Federal Clean Air Act of 1990 forbids the use of non-compliant biodiesels such as raw vegetable oil; this is illegal nationwide, not just in New York), authorities in New York have stated they have no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1345834", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Osnes\"\nis a large suburb of St. Paul, a major U.S. city. She was a favorite to win during the entire course of the show, never showing up in the \"\"sing-off\"\" bottom two during the show's run. She was named the winner on March 25, 2007, which meant she would perform the lead character of Sandy opposite Max Crumm, the show's male competitor who won the role of \"\"Danny\"\". Osnes and Crumm played their final performances as Sandy and Danny on July 20, 2008, and they were succeeded by Ashley Spencer and Derek Keeling, two of the runners-up of \"\"Grease: You're", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8642106", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Oil Raceway\"\nround of the USAC National Championship Series, the same series that included the Indianapolis 500, as well as the USAC Stock Car series. Notably, in the 1969 movie \"\"Winning\"\", Paul Newman's character, Frank Capua, competes in a USAC Stock Car event on the road course. After an insurance investigation of the pit out opening for the road course, which is located along the left lane wall of the drag strip, the insurance carrier demanded the pit out be closed off with a permanent concrete wall. This effectively meant closing the road course for competition purposes, as there is no other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13947174", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nplayed seasons in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, Singapore, Perth and Adelaide. After tickets were initially released, the first season playing Brisbane was almost immediately extended due to strong ticket sales. The cast included Rob Mills (Danny), Gretel Scarlett (Sandy), Anthony Callea (Johnny Casino), Stephen Mahy (Kenickie), Lucy Maunder (Rizzo), Todd McKenney (Teen Angel), and Bert Newton as Vince Fontaine. In 2016, Grease premiered on Royal Caribbean's Harmony of the Seas and Independence of the Seas. The Harmony of the Seas original cast included Joe Giacone (Danny), Laura Sillett (Sandy), Ross James McKnight (Vince Fontaine/Teen Angel), Nick Hayes (Kenickie), Sarah Drake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15139984", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nDennis Cleveland Stewart. One prominent addition to the storyline is Craterface's pinks race against Greased Lightnin'. One of the jocks vying for Sandy's attention, again only mentioned briefly in the musical, appears on-screen, portrayed by Lorenzo Lamas. \"\"Grease\"\" was a major success for both Stigwood and Paramount Pictures, who re-released the film several times; the made international hits out of several of the songs. Paramount also produced a sequel \"\"Grease 2\"\", which had no involvement from Jacobs (who openly disapproved) or Casey and followed a younger class of students at Rydell High School. A few supporting characters (Frenchy, Eugene, Craterface", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18999371", "chunk_text": "\"Middle Georgia Raceway\"\nand won the race. The final NASCAR race was held on November 7, 1971. Bobby Allison drove from the pole to win the race. In 1970, the second annual Atlanta International Pop Festival was held in a soybean field adjacent to the track. Jimi Hendrix and the Allman Brothers Band performed in front of 300,000 concertgoers; the town had a population of about 2,000. Seven years later, it was the location for filming of race scenes of the Richard Pryor film \"\"Greased Lightning\"\" about Wendell Scott. A few years ago, it was purchased with the goal of converting it to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014761", "chunk_text": "\"Grease 2\"\ndoing another one.\"\" It was insane. Lorna Luft was the last star cast. The part played by Connie Stevens was originally meant for Annette Funicello but she was unable to appear as she was filming a peanut butter advertisement that week. Adrian Zmed had previously played the role of Danny Zuko in the stage version of \"\"Grease\"\", a role he would later reprise in the 1990s. Scenes at Rydell High School were filmed at Excelsior High School, an abandoned school in Norwalk, California. Filming took place throughout a 58-day shooting schedule during the autumn of 1981. According to director Birch,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014333", "chunk_text": "\"Bronte Woodard\"\nBronte Woodard Bronte Woodard (October 8, 1940 – August 6, 1980) was an American writer best known for penning the adapted screenplay for the hit film \"\"Grease\"\". He was born October 8, 1940 in Alabama. He also co-wrote the screenplay for the 1980 Village People film \"\"Can't Stop the Music\"\" with \"\"Grease\"\" producer Allan Carr. He also wrote a novel, \"\"Meet Me at the Melba\"\". Raised in Atlanta, he died of hepatitis-related liver failure at the age of 39 on August 6, 1980 in Los Angeles, California. In 1976, Universal Studios announced plans to make a film of Anne Rivers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759736", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (film)\"\npair off for the dance; Kenickie and Rizzo get into an argument and go their separate ways, while Sonny unsuccessfully tries to court Marty. After everyone else has left, Frenchy, whose hair has turned bright pink, tells a waitress she has dropped out of beauty school and is visited by a guardian angel who advises her to return to Rydell (\"\"Beauty School Dropout\"\"). At the school dance, Leo and Cha-Cha show up as Rizzo's and Kenickie's respective dates. Vince Fontaine, who is hosting a live telecast of the dance, flirts with Marty. All of the students take part in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15139995", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nDanny, trash-talking Sandy's cheerleading skills in the process, but is unable to get out of her promise to dance with Eugene despite Rizzo trying to seduce Eugene as a distraction. Kenickie ends up paired off with Rizzo, and Danny with Cha-Cha. The MC Vince Fontaine, a radio disc jockey, begins the hand jive dance contest, and everyone eagerly participates as he tags the contestants out (\"\"Born to Hand Jive\"\"). In the end, Danny and Cha-Cha are the winners. Amongst the awards given to the couple, Danny receives two free drive-in movie tickets. Sometime later outside of the Burger Palace hangout,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12460555", "chunk_text": "\"Triumph Bonneville T140\"\n\"\"Grease\"\" in the 1970s. Australian film \"\"Garage Days\"\" prominently features a mildly customised late T140E from the early 1980s. 1973 T140V Bonnevilles featured prominently in Hollywood blaxploitation biker film \"\"The Black Six\"\" and could be seen in \"\"Race with the Devil\"\" with later models making occasional appearances in contemporary television series such as \"\"CHiPS\"\" and \"\"The Sweeney\"\". Film and television appearances of the T140 Bonneville continu ed even in the late 1980s and 1990s after production ended, such as in \"\"Melrose Place\"\", \"\"The Kids in the Hall\"\", \"\"Sweet Angel Mine\"\", \"\"The Fourth Protocol\"\" and even the 1999 Swedish movie \"\"Tsatsiki,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8171415", "chunk_text": "\"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious)\"\nRace Wars (The Fast and the Furious) Race Wars is a drag racing event in the movie \"\"The Fast and the Furious\"\", which describes the underground illegal racing scene in Los Angeles, California, that character Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his team invent. Race Wars is not mentioned again until they reference it in the seventh installment of the \"\"Fast and Furious\"\" franchise, \"\"Furious 7\"\". The event consists of drag races where racers compete for large amounts of cash or pink slips, while beautiful women dance around the cars and throughout the event. There is a real life event based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704317", "chunk_text": "\"Grease 2\"\nGrease 2 Grease 2 is a 1982 American musical romantic comedy film and the sequel to \"\"Grease\"\", which is based upon the musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. The film was produced by Allan Carr and Robert Stigwood, and directed and choreographed by Patricia Birch, who also choreographed the first film and the Broadway musical. It takes place two years after the original film at Rydell High School, set in the 1961–1962 school year, with an almost entirely new cast, led by actors Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer. The film was released theatrically on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6816471", "chunk_text": "\"Grease trail\"\nthe western interior, back-packing heavy boxes of valuable Oolichan grease, held in place by cedar rope 'tump-lines,' attached to headbands. The trails, operating on a relay system, covered a geographic area from what is now the Yukon Territories in Canada south to what is now northern California in the United States and as far east as central Montana and Alberta. to interior peoples like the Babine, Carrier and other Athabaskans.\"\" Grease trail A grease trail is an overland trade route, part of a network of trails connecting the Pacific coast with the Interior in the Pacific Northwest. Trails were developed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1350101", "chunk_text": "\"Soap Box Derby\"\nSoap Box Derby The Soap Box Derby is a youth soapbox car racing program which has been run in the United States since 1934. World Championship finals are held each July at Derby Downs in Akron, Ohio. Cars competing in this and related events are unpowered, relying completely upon gravity to move. In the wake of the first car races, local youth auto races took place in the US at a very early stage. In 1914 the motion picture Kid Auto Races at Venice starring Charlie Chaplin was shown in the cinemas. In 1933 Myron Scott, a photographer for Dayton,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13947209", "chunk_text": "\"Grease (musical)\"\nincluded on , performed by Louis St. Louis; they were left out of the teleplay. A number of characters in the musical are unseen characters: Freddy Strulka, Marty's boyfriend and a member of the United States Marine Corps who showers Marty with lavish gifts from Japan; the coach of the track team; the Flaming Dukes, an adversary of the Burger Palace Boys who never show up to a threatened rumble; and Mr. Drucker, a perverted economic teacher who has made passes at the Pink Ladies. In the film, the Flaming Dukes are renamed the Scorpions and have an on-screen role,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293622", "chunk_text": "\"Greased Lightning\"\ndo not take him seriously. Sometime later, Wendell takes Mary to an old racetrack in his new taxicab to propose, and they make love. Soon after, they are married and move into a house, but Wendell struggles to make money. One day, he sees a bootlegger named Slack and asks for a job. On his first night, he discovers his best friend, Peewee, is already working for Slack and they narrowly evade Sheriff Cotton and his men. Although Wendell is thrilled to drive fast for a living, Mary is not happy with Wendell's new profession. He insists that he tried", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161226", "chunk_text": "Greasestock\nrestaurant, and the food filtered out of the vegetable oil is used as compost at the County's Hanover Farm in Yorktown, New York. Greasestock Greasestock is an American event held yearly in Yorktown Heights, New York. It is one of the largest alternative fuel, renewable energy, and low-energy green vehicle exhibitions in the United States. Exhibitors showcase a variety of alternative energy vehicles, as well as exhibits with a sustainable lifestyle theme. Although it is illegal in New York to power a vehicle with waste vegetable oil (the Federal Clean Air Act of 1990 forbids the use of non-compliant biodiesels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014700", "chunk_text": "\"Grease 2\"\nher virginity to him by taking her to a fallout shelter and faking a nuclear attack (\"\"Let's Do It for Our Country.\"\") The next evening while working at a gas station/garage, Stephanie is surprised again by the Cool Rider, and they enjoy a romantic twilight motorcycle ride. Just as Michael is about to reveal his identity, they are interrupted by the arrival of the T-Birds and Pink Ladies. Before Michael leaves, he tells Stephanie that he will see her at the school talent show, in which the Pink Ladies and T-Birds are performing. Johnny, enraged by Stephanie's new romance, threatens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3504912", "chunk_text": "\"Downhill Racer\"\nduring four World Cup races: Internationales Lauberhorn in Wengen, Internationales Hahnenkamm-Rennen in Kitzbühel, Grand Prix de Megève, and Arlberg-Kandahar in Sankt Anton am Arlberg. The off-season scenes were filmed in Colorado: the track scene at Potts Field on the east campus of the University of Colorado in Boulder, and the hometown street scenes in Idaho Springs, west of Denver. The interior scenes of Chappellet's Idaho Springs house were filmed at Paramount Studios in southern California. Sylvester Stallone appeared as an extra in the restaurant scene. A rare theater book listed that he was in this film. As Stallone was only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_751	what is the maximum data rate for the 802.11a standard select one?	n/a	[ "54 Mbit/s" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19638854", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11af\"\nper spatial stream is 26.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels and 35.6 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels. With four spatial streams and four bonded channels, the maximum data rate is 426.7 Mbit/s in 6 and 7 MHz channels and 568.9 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels. GI (Guard Interval) : Timing between symbols Note: For other configurations, multiply by the number of spatial streams (up to 4) and the number of channels (up to 4). Access points and stations determine their position using a satellite positioning system such as GPS and use the Internet to query a geolocation database", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5298765", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11a-1999\"\nratified in 1999. The 802.11a standard uses the same core protocol as the original standard, operates in 5 GHz band, and uses a 52-subcarrier orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with a maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s, which yields realistic net achievable throughput in the mid-20 Mbit/s. The data rate is reduced to 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9 then 6 Mbit/s if required. 802.11a originally had 12/13 non-overlapping channels, 12 that can be used indoor and 4/5 of the 12 that can be used in outdoor point to point configurations. Recently many countries of the world are allowing operation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20968595", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11g-2003\"\nhome, office and some commercial establishments. 802.11g is the third modulation standard for wireless LANs. It works in the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b) but operates at a maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s. Using the CSMA/CA transmission scheme, 31.4 Mbit/s is the maximum net throughput possible for packets of 1500 bytes in size and a 54 Mbit/s wireless rate (identical to 802.11a core, except for some additional legacy overhead for backward compatibility). In practice, access points may not have an ideal implementation and may therefore not be able to achieve even 31.4 Mbit/s throughput with 1500 byte packets.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9781735", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\ninterference, but locally there may be fewer signals to interfere with, resulting in less interference and better throughput. The 802.11b standard has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit/s, and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard. 802.11b products appeared on the market in early 2000, since 802.11b is a direct extension of the modulation technique defined in the original standard. The dramatic increase in throughput of 802.11b (compared to the original standard) along with simultaneous substantial price reductions led to the rapid acceptance of 802.11b as the definitive wireless LAN technology. Devices using 802.11b", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809002", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\nrange communications. The peak transmission rate of 802.11ay is 20 Gbit/s. The main extensions include: channel bonding (2, 3 and 4), MIMO and higher modulation schemes. Across all variations of 802.11, maximum achievable throughputs are given either based on measurements under ideal conditions or in the layer-2 data rates. However, this does not apply to typical deployments in which data is being transferred between two endpoints, of which at least one is typically connected to a wired infrastructure and the other endpoint is connected to an infrastructure via a wireless link. This means that, typically, data frames pass an 802.11", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15808998", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\nstreams used for either space–time block code (STBC) or multi-user (MU) operation. The achievable data rate per spatial stream is 26.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels, and 35.6 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels. With four spatial streams and four bonded channels, the maximum data rate is 426.7 Mbit/s for 6 and 7 MHz channels and 568.9 Mbit/s for 8 MHz channels. IEEE 802.11-2016 which was known as IEEE 802.11 REVmc,is a revision based on IEEE 802.11-2012, incorporating 5 amendments (11ae, 11aa, 11ad, 11ac, 11af). In addition, existing MAC and PHY functions have been enhanced and obsolete features were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9781733", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\nfrequencies, such as the U.S. 900 MHz ISM band. Legacy 802.11 with direct-sequence spread spectrum was rapidly supplanted and popularized by 802.11b. 802.11a, published in 1999, uses the same data link layer protocol and frame format as the original standard, but an OFDM based air interface (physical layer). It operates in the 5 GHz band with a maximum net data rate of 54 Mbit/s, plus error correction code, which yields realistic net achievable throughput in the mid-20 Mbit/s. It has seen widespread worldwide implementation, particularly within the corporate workspace. Since the 2.4 GHz band is heavily used to the point", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "633639", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11e-2005\"\nTXOP time interval of 0 means it is limited to a single MAC service data unit (MSDU) or MAC management protocol data unit (MMPDU). The levels of priority in EDCA are called access categories (ACs). The contention window (CW) can be set according to the traffic expected in each access category, with a wider window needed for categories with heavier traffic. The CWmin and CWmax values are calculated from aCWmin and aCWmax values, respectively, that are defined for each physical layer supported by 802.11e. For a typical of aCWmin=15 and aCWmax=1023, as used, for example, by OFDM (802.11a) and MIMO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7199884", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11b-1999\"\nIEEE 802.11b-1999 IEEE 802.11b-1999 or 802.11b, is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking specification that extends throughput up to 11 Mbit/s using the same 2.4GHz band. A related amendment was incorporated into the IEEE 802.11-2007 standard. 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and 802.11ac versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments. 802.11b has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit/s and uses the same CSMA/CA media access method defined in the original standard.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14798323", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11n-2009\"\nstandard. The purpose of the standard is to improve network throughput over the two previous standards—802.11a and 802.11g—with a significant increase in the maximum net data rate from 54 Mbit/s to 600 Mbit/s (slightly higher gross bit rate including for example error-correction codes, and slightly lower maximum throughput) with the use of four spatial streams at a channel width of 40 MHz. IEEE 802.11n-2009 is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11-2007 wireless-networking standard. 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac versions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14798333", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11n-2009\"\nor 64-QAM. The total bandwidth is 20 MHz with an occupied bandwidth of 17.8 MHz. Total symbol duration is 3.6 or 4 microseconds, which \"\"includes\"\" a guard interval of 0.4 or 0.8 microseconds. PHY level data rate does not match user level throughput because of 802.11 protocol overheads, like the contention process, interframe spacing, PHY level headers (Preamble + PLCP) and acknowledgment frames. The main media access control (MAC) feature that provides a performance improvement is aggregation. Two types of aggregation are defined: Frame aggregation is a process of packing multiple MSDUs or MPDUs together to reduce the overheads and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1730408", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ay\"\nfor service providers. 802.11ay should not be confused with the similarly named 802.11ax that is also set to be released in 2019. Although they boast similar speeds, the 802.11ay standard is designed to reach farther and run at much higher frequencies. The lower frequency of 802.11ax prevents it from reaching these distances but enables it to penetrate walls, something that the 11ay standard struggles to do. Draft version 0.1 of 802.11ay was released in January 2017, followed by draft version 0.2 in March 2017. Draft version 1.0 was made available in November 2017, and draft 1.2 was available as of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10703327", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ah\"\nto predefined wake/doze periods, are still able to send data at high speed under some negotiated conditions and use sectored antennas. It uses the 802.11a/g specification that is down sampled to provide 26 channels, each of them able to provide 100 kbit/s throughput. It can cover a one-kilometer radius. It aims at providing connectivity to thousands of devices under an access point. The protocol supports machine to machine (M2M) markets, like smart metering. Data rates up to 347 Mbit/s are achieved only with the maximum of four spatial streams using one 16 MHz-wide channel. Various modulation schemes and coding rates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1730407", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ay\"\ndelayed until 2019. 802.11ay will not be a new type of WLAN in the IEEE 802.11 set, but will simply be an improvement on 802.11ad. Where 802.11ad uses a maximum of 2.16 GHz bandwidth, 802.11ay bonds four of those channels together for a maximum bandwidth of 8.64 GHz. MIMO is also added with a maximum of 4 streams. The link-rate per stream is 44Gbit/s, with four streams this goes up to 176Gbit/s. Higher order modulation is also added, probably up to 256-QAM. Applications could include replacement for Ethernet and other cables within offices or homes, and provide backhaul connectivity outside", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11212402", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\nof 54 Mbit/s exclusive of forward error correction codes, or about 22 Mbit/s average throughput. 802.11g hardware is fully backward compatible with 802.11b hardware, and therefore is encumbered with legacy issues that reduce throughput by ~21% when compared to 802.11a. The then-proposed 802.11g standard was rapidly adopted in the market starting in January 2003, well before ratification, due to the desire for higher data rates as well as to reductions in manufacturing costs. By summer 2003, most dual-band 802.11a/b products became dual-band/tri-mode, supporting a and b/g in a single mobile adapter card or access point. Details of making b and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6884635", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ah\"\nare defined by the standard and are represented by a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index value. The table below shows the relationships between the variables that allow for the maximum data rate. GI (Guard Interval) : Timing between symbols. 2 MHz channel uses an FFT of 64, of which: 56 OFDM subcarriers, 52 are for data and 4 are pilot tones with a carrier separation of 31.25 kHz (2 MHz/64) (32 µs). Each of these subcarriers can be a BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM or 256-QAM. The total bandwidth is 2 MHz with an occupied bandwidth of 1.78 MHz. Total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10622119", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ac\"\nIEEE 802.11ac IEEE 802.11ac is a wireless networking standard in the 802.11 family (which is marketed under the brand name Wi-Fi), developed in the IEEE Standards Association, providing high-throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs) on the 5 GHz band. The standard was developed from 2008 (PAR approved 2008-09-26) through 2013 and published in December 2013 (ANSI approved 2013-12-11). The standard has been alternatively labelled as Wi-Fi 5 by Wi-Fi Alliance. The specification has multi-station throughput of at least 1 gigabit per second and single-link throughput of at least 500 megabits per second (500 Mbit/s). This is accomplished by extending the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5193314", "chunk_text": "Wi-Fi\naverage throughput of 25 measurements (the error bars are there, but barely visible due to the small variation), is with a specific packet size (small or large), and with a specific data rate (10 kbit/s – 100 Mbit/s). Markers for traffic profiles of common applications are included as well. This text and measurements do not cover packet errors but information about this can be found at the above references. The table below shows the maximum achievable (application specific) UDP throughput in the same scenarios (same references again) with various different WLAN (802.11) flavours. The measurement hosts have been 25 meters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6232163", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.22\"\nalso required for being able to dynamically adjust the bandwidth, modulation and coding schemes. OFDMA will be the modulation scheme for transmission in up and downlinks. With OFDMA it will be possible to achieve this fast adaptation needed for the BS's and CPEs. By using just one TV channel (a TV channel has a bandwidth of 6 MHz; in some countries they can be of 7 or 8 MHz) the approximate maximum bit rate is 19 Mbit/s at a 30 km distance. The speed and distance achieved is not enough to fulfill the requirements of the standard. The feature \"\"Channel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10622122", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ac\"\nof USB 3.0 interface, 802.11ac access points and routers can use locally attached storage to provide various services that fully utilize their WLAN capacities, such as video streaming, FTP servers, and personal cloud services. With storage locally attached through USB 2.0, filling the bandwidth made available by 802.11ac was not easily accomplished. All rates assume 256-QAM, rate 5/6: Wave 2, referring to products introduced in 2016, offers a higher throughput than legacy Wave 1 products, those introduced starting in 2013. The PHY (physical) theoretical rate for Wave 1 maxes out at 1.3 Gbps, while Wave 2 can be 2.34 Gbps.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11874551", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ax\"\nIEEE 802.11ax IEEE 802.11ax, also known as High-Efficiency Wireless (HEW), is a Wireless Local Area Network standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of specifications. The wireless network technology is also labelled as Wi-Fi 6 by Wi-Fi Alliance. IEEE 802.11ax is designed to operate in the already existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz spectrums and it will incorporate additional bands between 1 and 7 GHz as they become available. In addition to utilizing MIMO and MU-MIMO, the new amendment introduces OFDMA to improve overall spectral efficiency, and higher order 1024-QAM modulation support for increased throughput. Though the nominal data rate is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14798331", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11n-2009\"\nincreasing data rate by utilizing more antennas in 20 MHz mode rather than by operating in the 40 MHz mode, as the 40 MHz mode requires a relatively free radio spectrum which is only available in rural areas away from cities. Thus, network engineers installing an 802.11n network should strive to select routers and wireless clients with the most antennas possible (one, two, three or four as specified by the 802.11n standard) and try to make sure that the network's bandwidth will be satisfactory even on the 20 MHz mode. Data rates up to 600 Mbit/s are achieved only with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7003847", "chunk_text": "WiMAX\n4G, in competition with the LTE Advanced standard. WiMAX was initially designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. The latest version of WiMAX, WiMAX release 2.1, popularly branded as/known as WiMAX 2+, is a smooth, backwards-compatible transition from previous WiMAX generations. It is compatible and inter-operable with TD-LTE. WiMAX refers to interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.16 family of wireless-networks standards ratified by the WiMAX Forum. (Similarly, Wi-Fi refers to interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standards certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance.) WiMAX Forum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11212406", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\non 802.11n. Changes compared to 802.11n include wider channels (80 or 160 MHz versus 40 MHz) in the 5 GHz band, more spatial streams (up to eight versus four), higher-order modulation (up to 256-QAM vs. 64-QAM), and the addition of Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). As of October 2013, high-end implementations support 80 MHz channels, three spatial streams, and 256-QAM, yielding a data rate of up to 433.3 Mbit/s per spatial stream, 1300 Mbit/s total, in 80 MHz channels in the 5 GHz band. Vendors have announced plans to release so-called \"\"Wave 2\"\" devices with support for 160 MHz channels, four spatial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5298764", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11a-1999\"\n1.5 to 54Mbit/s. It has seen widespread worldwide implementation, particularly within the corporate workspace. While the original amendment is no longer valid, the term \"\"802.11a\"\" is still used by wireless access point (cards and routers) manufacturers to describe interoperability of their systems at 5.8 GHz, 54 Mbit/s (54 x 10 bits per second). 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and 802.11ac versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments. The 802.11a amendment to the original standard was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20208218", "chunk_text": "One-Net\nsome work is being done to implement it in the 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz frequency ranges. ONE-NET utilizes Wideband FSK (Frequency-shift keying) to encode data for transmission. ONE-NET features a dynamic data rate protocol with a base data rate of 38.4 kbit/s. The specification allows per-node dynamic data rate configuration for data rates up to 230 kbit/s. ONE-NET supports star, peer-to-peer and multi-hop topology. Star network topology can be used to lower complexity and cost of peripherals, and also simplifies encryption key management. In peer-to-peer mode, a master device configures and authorizes peer-to-peer transactions. Employing repeaters and a configurable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14798332", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11n-2009\"\nthe maximum of four spatial streams using one 40 MHz-wide channel. Various modulation schemes and coding rates are defined by the standard and are represented by a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index value. The table below shows the relationships between the variables that allow for the maximum data rate. GI (Guard Interval) : Timing between symbols. 20 MHz channel uses an FFT of 64, of which: 56 OFDM subcarriers, 52 are for data and 4 are pilot tones with a carrier separation of 0.3125 MHz (20 MHz/64) (3.2 µs). Each of these subcarriers can be a BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7199887", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11b-1999\"\nof the receiver. Allowable bandwidth is shared across clients in discrete channels. A directional antenna focuses transmit and receive power into a smaller field which reduces interference and increases point-to-point range. Designers of such installations who wish to remain within the law must however be careful about legal limitations on effective radiated power. Some 802.11b cards operate at 11 Mbit/s, but scale back to 5.5, then to 2, then to 1 Mbit/s (also known as Adaptive Rate Selection) in order to decrease the rate of re-broadcasts that result from errors. IEEE 802.11b-1999 IEEE 802.11b-1999 or 802.11b, is an amendment to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15808992", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\napproval on March 8, 2007, 802.11REVma was renamed to the then-current base standard IEEE 802.11-2007. 802.11n is an amendment that improves upon the previous 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output antennas (MIMO). 802.11n operates on both the 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz bands. Support for 5 GHz bands is optional. Its net data rate ranges from 54 Mbit/s to 600 Mbit/s. The IEEE has approved the amendment, and it was published in October 2009. Prior to the final ratification, enterprises were already migrating to 802.11n networks based on the Wi-Fi Alliance's certification of products conforming to a 2007 draft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11874553", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ax\"\nfollowing features have been approved. IEEE 802.11ax IEEE 802.11ax, also known as High-Efficiency Wireless (HEW), is a Wireless Local Area Network standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of specifications. The wireless network technology is also labelled as Wi-Fi 6 by Wi-Fi Alliance. IEEE 802.11ax is designed to operate in the already existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz spectrums and it will incorporate additional bands between 1 and 7 GHz as they become available. In addition to utilizing MIMO and MU-MIMO, the new amendment introduces OFDMA to improve overall spectral efficiency, and higher order 1024-QAM modulation support for increased throughput. Though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2760598", "chunk_text": "\"Received signal strength indication\"\n0 to 100. Another popular Wi-Fi chipset is made by Atheros. An Atheros-based card will return an RSSI value of 0 to 127 (0x7f) with 128 (0x80) indicating an invalid value. There is no standardized relationship of any particular physical parameter to the RSSI reading. The 802.11 standard does not define any relationship between RSSI value and power level in milliwatts or decibels referenced to one milliwatt. Vendors and chipset makers provide their own accuracy, granularity, and range for the actual power (measured as milliwatts or decibels) and their range of RSSI values (from 0 to RSSI maximum). One subtlety", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11874552", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11ax\"\njust 37% higher than IEEE 802.11ac, the new amendment is expected to achieve a 4× increase to average user throughput due to more efficient spectrum utilization and improvements for dense deployments. IEEE 802.11ax is due to be publicly released sometime in 2019. Devices were presented at CES 2018 that showed a top speed of 11 Gbit/s. \"\"Notes\"\" The 802.11ax amendment will bring several key improvements over 802.11ac. 802.11ax addresses frequency bands between 1 GHz and 5 GHz. Therefore, unlike 802.11ac, 802.11ax will also operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band. To meet the goal of supporting dense 802.11 deployments the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2066585", "chunk_text": "\"Ethernet frame\"\npayload + 8 octet preamble + 14 octet header + 4 octet trailer + minimum interpacket gap corresponding to 12 octets = 1538 octets. The maximum efficiency is: when 802.1Q VLAN tagging is used. The throughput may be calculated from the efficiency where the physical layer net bit rate (the wire bit rate) depends on the Ethernet physical layer standard, and may be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s or 10 Gbit/s. Maximum throughput for 100BASE-TX Ethernet is consequently 97.53 Mbit/s without 802.1Q, and 97.28 Mbit/s with 802.1Q. Channel utilization is a concept often confused with protocol efficiency. It considers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15640883", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11n-2009\"\ncertification program established a set of features and a level of interoperability across vendors supporting those features, thus providing one definition of 'draft n' to ensure compatibility and interoperatability. The baseline certification covers both 20 MHz and 40 MHz wide channels, and up to two spatial streams, for maximum throughputs of 144.4 Mbit/s for 20 MHz and 300 Mbit/s for 40 MHz (with short guard interval). A number of vendors in both the consumer and enterprise spaces have built products that have achieved this certification. The following are milestones in the development of 802.11n: IEEE 802.11n-2009 IEEE 802.11n-2009, commonly shortened", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16389730", "chunk_text": "G.718\nwhen the encoder and decoder maximum bit rates are set to 12 kbit/s. In this case the maximum algorithmic delay is reduced by 10 ms. The codec also incorporates an alternate coding mode, with a minimum bit rate of 12.65 kbit/s, which is bitstream interoperable with ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2, 3GPP AMR-WB and 3GPP2 VMR-WB mobile wideband speech coding standards. This option replaces Layer 1 and Layer 2, and the layers 3-5 are similar to the default option with the exception that in Layer 3 few bits are used to compensate for the extra bits of the 12.65 kbit/s core. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20968597", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11g-2003\"\nan 802.11g network, however, the presence of a legacy 802.11b participant will significantly reduce the speed of the overall 802.11g network. Some 802.11g routers employ a back-compatible mode for 802.11b clients called 54g LRS (Limited Rate Support). The modulation scheme used in 802.11g is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) copied from 802.11a with data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbit/s, and reverts to CCK (like the 802.11b standard) for 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s and DBPSK/DQPSK+DSSS for 1 and 2 Mbit/s. Even though 802.11g operates in the same frequency band as 802.11b, it can achieve higher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8720123", "chunk_text": "\"Evolved High Speed Packet Access\"\nms. So for example Cat 10 can decode 27,952 bits/2 ms = 13.976 MBit/s (and not 14.4 MBit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4 and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are rounded to one decimal point. Dual-Carrier HSUPA, also known as \"\"Dual-Cell HSUPA\"\", is a wireless broadband standard based on HSPA that is defined in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2071327", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution-Data Optimized\"\ntransmitted back to the base station using BPSK where they are decoded. The maximum speed available for user data is 153.2 kbit/s, but in real-life conditions this is rarely achieved. Typical speeds achieved are between 20-50 kbit/s. Revision A of EV-DO makes several additions to the protocol while keeping it completely backwards compatible with Release 0. These changes included the introduction of several new forward link data rates that increase the maximum burst rate from 2.45 Mbit/s to 3.1 Mbit/s. Also included were protocols that would decrease connection establishment time (called enhanced access channel MAC), the ability for more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15697930", "chunk_text": "E-UTRA\nRelease 10, which is referred to as LTE Advanced, three new categories have been introduced, and four more with 3GPP Release 11. Note: Maximum data rates shown are for 20 MHz of channel bandwidth. Categories 6 and above include data rates from combining multiple 20 MHz channels. Maximum data rates will be lower if less bandwidth is utilized. Note: These are L1 transport data rates not including the different protocol layers overhead. Depending on cell bandwidth, cell load (number of simultaneous users), network configuration, the performance of the user equipment used, propagation conditions, etc. practical data rates will vary. Note:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15697931", "chunk_text": "E-UTRA\nThe 3.0 Gbit/s / 1.5 Gbit/s data rate specified as Category 8 is near the peak aggregate data rate for a base station sector. A more realistic maximum data rate for a single user is 1.2 Gbit/s (downlink) and 600 Mbit/s (uplink). Nokia Siemens Networks has demonstrated downlink speeds of 1.4 Gbit/s using 100 MHz of aggregated spectrum. As the rest of the 3GPP standard parts E-UTRA is structured in releases. All LTE releases have been designed so far keeping backward compatibility in mind. That is, a release 8 compliant terminal will work in a release 10 network, while release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5193308", "chunk_text": "Wi-Fi\n3 MB of data between the mountain-tops of El Águila and Platillon. The Swedish Space Agency transferred data , using 6 watt amplifiers to reach an overhead stratospheric balloon. Many newer consumer devices support the latest 802.11ac standard, which uses the 5 GHz band exclusively and is capable of multi-station WLAN throughput of at least 1 gigabit per second, and a single station throughput of at least 500 Mbit/s. In the first quarter of 2016, The Wi-Fi Alliance certifies devices compliant with the 802.11ac standard as \"\"Wi-Fi CERTIFIED ac\"\". This new standard uses several advanced signal processing techniques such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8479513", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11n-2009\"\nenabling this option takes up to 82% of the unlicensed band. For example, channel 3 SCA (secondary channel above), also known as 3+7, reserves the first 9 out of the 11 channels available in North America. The specification calls for requiring one primary 20 MHz channel as well as a secondary adjacent channel spaced ±20 MHz away. The primary channel is used for communications with clients incapable of 40 MHz mode. When in 40 MHz mode, the center frequency is actually the mean of the primary and secondary channels. Local regulations may restrict certain channels from operation. For example, Channels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16334540", "chunk_text": "\"Peak information rate\"\nwireless refers to maximum bandwidth the subscriber unit will be delivered from the wireless access point in kbit/s. Peak information rate Peak information rate (PIR) is a burstable rate set on routers and/or switches that allows throughput overhead. Related to committed information rate (CIR) which is a committed rate speed guaranteed/capped. For example, a CIR of 10 Mbit/s PIR of 12 Mbit/s allows you access to 10 Mbit/s minimum speed with burst/spike control that allows a throttle of an additional 2 Mbit/s; this allows for data transmission to \"\"settle\"\" into a flow. Excess information rate (EIR) is the magnitude of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18636041", "chunk_text": "\"Bit rate\"\nof an IEEE 802.11a wireless network is the net bit rate of between 6 and 54 Mbit/s, while the gross bit rate is between 12 and 72 Mbit/s inclusive of error-correcting codes. The net bit rate of ISDN2 Basic Rate Interface (2 B-channels + 1 D-channel) of 64+64+16 = 144 kbit/s also refers to the payload data rates, while the D channel signalling rate is 16 kbit/s. The net bit rate of the Ethernet 100Base-TX physical layer standard is 100 Mbit/s, while the gross bitrate is 125 Mbit/second, due to the 4B5B (four bit over five bit) encoding. In this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9770233", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.15\"\nchartered to write standards for free-space optical communication using visible light. IEEE P802.15.8 received IEEE Standards Board approval on 29 March 2012 to form a Task Group to develop a standard for Peer Aware Communications (PAC) optimized for peer to peer and infrastructureless communications with fully distributed coordination operating in bands below 11 GHz. The proposed standard is targeting data rates greater than 100 kbit/s with scalable data rates up to 10 Mbit/s. Features of the proposed include: The draft standard is under development, more information can be found on the IEEE 802.15 Task Group 8 web page. IEEE P802.15.9", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809004", "chunk_text": "\"IEEE 802.11\"\noutput power of the communicating devices. The same references apply to the attached graphs that show measurements of UDP throughput. Each represents an average (UDP) throughput (please note that the error bars are there, but barely visible due to the small variation) of 25 measurements. Each is with a specific packet size (small or large) and with a specific data rate (10 kbit/s – 100 Mbit/s). Markers for traffic profiles of common applications are included as well. These figures assume there are no packet errors, which if occurring will lower transmission rate further. 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n-2.4 utilize the spectrum,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5193298", "chunk_text": "Wi-Fi\nthat are four apart interfere a negligible amount, much less than reusing channels. In Europe and Japan where channel 13 is available, using Channels 1, 5, 9, and 13 for 802.11g and 802.11n is recommended. 802.11a uses the 5 GHz U-NII band, which, for much of the world, offers at least 23 non-overlapping channels rather than the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band, where adjacent channels overlap. As the 802.11 specifications evolved to support higher throughput, the bandwidth requirements also increased to support them. 802.11n uses double the radio spectrum/bandwidth (40 MHz) compared to 802.11a or 802.11g (20 MHz).76 This means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13849744", "chunk_text": "\"Internet access\"\ncertified by the WiMAX Forum. WiMAX enables \"\"the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL\"\". The original IEEE 802.16 standard, now called \"\"Fixed WiMAX\"\", was published in 2001 and provided 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates. Mobility support was added in 2005. A 2011 update provides data rates up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. WiMax offers a metropolitan area network with a signal radius of about 50 km (30 miles), far surpassing the 30-metre (100-foot) wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi local area network (LAN). WiMAX signals also penetrate building walls much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9305996", "chunk_text": "\"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing\"\nbands, specifies per-stream airside data rates ranging from 6 to 54 Mbit/s. If both devices can use \"\"HT mode\"\" (added with 802.11n), the top 20 MHz per-stream rate is increased to 72.2 Mbit/s, with the option of data rates between 13.5 and 150 Mbit/s using a 40 MHz channel. Four different modulation schemes are used: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, along with a set of error correcting rates (1/2–5/6). The multitude of choices allows the system to adapt the optimum data rate for the current signal conditions. OFDM is also now being used in the WiMedia/Ecma-368 standard for high-speed wireless", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15142325", "chunk_text": "\"High Speed Packet Access\"\nbase station. The upgrade to HSDPA is often just a software update for WCDMA networks. In general, voice calls are usually prioritized over data transfer. The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306 and shows maximum data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell per-stream data rate is limited by the \"\"maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI\"\" and the \"\"minimum inter-TTI interval\"\". The TTI is 2 ms. So, for example, Cat 10 can decode 27,952", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_752	a good that can be used in place of another good?	n/a	[ "A substitute good", "substitute good" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6886770", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nSubstitute good A substitute good is a good that can be used in place of another. In consumer theory, substitute goods or substitutes are products that a consumer perceives as similar or comparable, so that having more of one product makes them desire less of the other product. Formally, \"\"X\"\" and \"\"Y\"\" are substitutes if, when the price of \"\"X\"\" rises, the demand for \"\"Y\"\" rises. Potatoes from different farms are an example: if the price of one farm's potatoes goes up, then it can be presumed that fewer people will buy potatoes from that farm and source them from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11709174", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nconsumption). A substitute good, in contrast to a complementary good, is a good with a positive cross elasticity of demand. This means a good's demand is increased when the price of another good is increased; both in the same direction. Conversely, the demand for a good is decreased when the price of another good is decreased. If goods A and B are substitutes, an increase in the price of A will result in a leftward movement along the demand curve of A and cause the demand curve for B to shift out. A decrease in the price of A will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16760890", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nitems. For example, consider a certain consumer that only wants a means of transportation, which may be either a car or a bicycle. His utility from a car is 100 and from a bicycle is 50. If he has both a car and a bicycle, then he uses only the car so his utility is 100. \"\"Unit-demand goods are always substitutes\"\", since if the price of one good increases, the consumer will tend to want the other good (Laizer 2016). Substitute good A substitute good is a good that can be used in place of another. In consumer theory, substitute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14366395", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\ncan be used in exactly the same way. In that case the utility of a combination is an increasing function of the sum of the two amounts, and theoretically, in the case of a price difference, there would be no demand for the more expensive good. In microeconomics, two types of substitutes are being distinguished, gross substitutes and net substitutes. Good formula_1 is said to be gross substitute of good formula_2 if Goods X and Y are said to be net substitutes if where formula_5 is a utility function for the two goods. Substitutes differ with respect to their category", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7252980", "chunk_text": "\"Complementary good\"\nComplementary good In economics, a complementary good or complement is a good with a negative cross elasticity of demand, in contrast to a substitute good. This means a good's demand is increased when the price of another good is decreased. Conversely, the demand for a good is decreased when the price of another good is increased. If goods A and B are complements, an increase in the price of A will result in a leftward movement along the demand curve of A and cause the demand curve for B to shift in; less of each good will be demanded. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17612511", "chunk_text": "\"Complementary good\"\norder to require more erasers. In this case the utility would be given by an increasing function of: In marketing, complementary goods give additional market power to the company. It allows vendor lock-in as it increases the switching cost. A few types of pricing strategy exist for a complementary good and its base good: Complementary good In economics, a complementary good or complement is a good with a negative cross elasticity of demand, in contrast to a substitute good. This means a good's demand is increased when the price of another good is decreased. Conversely, the demand for a good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3593967", "chunk_text": "\"Public good\"\nPublic good In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others. This is in contrast to a common good which is non-excludable but is rivalrous to a certain degree. Public goods include knowledge, official statistics, national security, common language(s), flood control systems, lighthouses, and street lighting. Public goods that are available everywhere are sometimes referred to as global public goods. There is an important conceptual difference between the sense of \"\"a\"\" public good, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11709173", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nanother farm instead. There are different degrees of substitutability. For example, a car and a bicycle may substitute to some extent: if the price of motor fuel increases considerably, one may expect that some people will switch to bicycles. In economics, one way that two or more goods can be classified is by examining the relationship of the demand schedules when the price of one good changes. This relationship between demand schedules leads to classification of goods as either substitutes or complements. Substitute goods are goods which, as a result of changed conditions, may replace each other in use (or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3277593", "chunk_text": "\"Ersatz good\"\na substitute than a different kind of dessert or snack. Because such \"\"within-category\"\" substitutes are easier to compare to the desired good, however, those that are inferior are less effective than \"\"cross-category\"\" substitutes that fulfill the same goal. People are more able to notice their inferiority during consumption, which leads them to be less satisfying than goal-derived substitutes from different taxonomic categories. Ersatz good An ersatz () good is a substitute good, especially one that is considered inferior to the good it replaces. It has particular connotations of wartime usage. \"\"Ersatz\"\" is a German word literally meaning \"\"substitute\"\" or \"\"replacement\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14366394", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nin the cost of a particular brand of detergent is likely to result in a large change in demand for other brands, whereas a change in the price of pencils will have a much smaller effect on the demand for other stationery, such as pens on legal documents or pencils on most high-school maths homework. It is important to note that when speaking about substitute goods one is referring to \"\"two different kinds\"\" of goods; so the \"\"substitutability\"\" of one good for another is always a matter of degree. One good is a perfect substitute for another only if it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10018696", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nmembership. Within-category substitutes are goods that are members of the same taxonomic category, goods sharing common attributes (e.g., chocolate, chairs, station wagons, etc.). Cross-category substitutes are goods that are members of different taxonomic categories but can satisfy the same goal. A person who cannot have the chocolate that she desires, for example, might instead buy ice cream to satisfy her goal to have a dessert. Goods that are completely substitutable with each other are called perfect substitutes. They may be characterized as goods having a linear utility function or a constant marginal rate of substitution. Writeable compact disks from different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7252987", "chunk_text": "\"Complementary good\"\nbe consumed with that game. A classic example of mutually perfect complements is the case of pencils and erasers. Imagine an accountant who will need to prepare financial statements, but in doing so must use pencils to make all calculations and erasers to correct errors. The accountant knows that for every three pencils, one eraser will be needed. Any more pencils will serve no purpose, because they will not be able to erase the calculations. Any more erasers will not be useful either, because there will not be enough pencils for them to make a large enough mess with in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296527", "chunk_text": "\"Necessity good\"\nNecessity good In economics, a necessity good or a necessary good is a type of normal good. Necessity goods are products and services that consumers will buy regardless of the changes in their income levels, therefore making these products less sensitive to price change. Examples include repetitive purchases of different durations such as haircuts, habits including tobacco, everday essentials such as electricity and water, and critical medicine such as insulin. Like any other normal good, an income rise will lead to a rise in demand, but the increase for a necessity good is less than proportional to the rise in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11709175", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nresult in a rightward movement along the demand curve of A and cause the demand curve for B to shift in. Examples of substitute goods include margarine and butter, tea and coffee, beer and wine. Substitute goods not only occur on the consumer side of the market but also the producer side. Substitutable producer goods would include: petroleum and natural gas (used for heating or electricity). The degree to which a good has a perfect substitute depends on how specifically the good is defined. Take for example, the demand for Rice Krispies cereal, which is a very narrowly defined good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12665201", "chunk_text": "\"Inferior good\"\nInferior good In economics, an inferior good is a good whose demand decreases when consumer income rises (or demand increases when consumer income decreases), unlike normal goods, for which the opposite is observed. Normal goods are those goods for which the demand rises as consumer income rises. This would be the opposite of a superior good, one that is often associated with wealth and the wealthy, whereas an inferior good is associated with lower socio-economic groups. Inferiority, in this sense, is an observable fact relating to affordability rather than a statement about the quality of the good. As a rule,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12013015", "chunk_text": "\"Ersatz good\"\nErsatz good An ersatz () good is a substitute good, especially one that is considered inferior to the good it replaces. It has particular connotations of wartime usage. \"\"Ersatz\"\" is a German word literally meaning \"\"substitute\"\" or \"\"replacement\"\". Although it is used as an adjective in English, it is a noun in German. In German orthography noun phrases formed are usually represented as a single word, forming compound nouns such as \"\"Ersatzteile\"\" (\"\"spare parts\"\") or \"\"Ersatzspieler\"\" (\"\"substitute player\"\"). While the term used in English often implies that the substitution is of unsatisfactory or inferior quality compared with the \"\"real thing\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11709176", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nas compared to the demand for cereal generally. The fact that one good is substitutable for another has immediate economic consequences: insofar as one good can be substituted for another, the demands for the two kinds of good will be interrelated by the fact that customers can trade off one good for the other if it becomes advantageous to do so. An \"\"increase\"\" in price (ceteris paribus) will result in an \"\"increase\"\" in demand for its substitute goods. If two goods have a high substitutability, the change in demand will be much greater. Thus, economists can predict that a spike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10018699", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nthey could not have than a cross-category substitute. Unable to acquire a desired Godiva chocolate, for instance, a majority reported that they would prefer to eat a store-brand chocolate (a within-category substitute) than a chocolate-chip granola bar (a cross-category substitute). This preference for within-category substitutes appears, however, to be misguided. Because within-category substitutes are more similar to the missing good, their inferiority to it is more noticeable. This creates a negative contrast effect, and leads within-category substitutes to be less satisfying substitutes than cross-category substitutes. Many markets for commonly used goods feature products which are perfectly substitutable yet are differently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5203129", "chunk_text": "\"Ordinary good\"\nOrdinary good An ordinary good is a microeconomic concept used in consumer theory. It is defined as a good which creates increased demand when the price for the good drops or conversely decreased demand if the price for the good increases, \"\"ceteris paribus\"\". It is the opposite of a Giffen good. Since the existence of Giffen goods outside the realm of economic theory is still contested, the pairing of Giffen goods with ordinary goods has gotten less traction in economics textbooks than the pairing normal good/inferior good used to distinguish responses to income changes. The usage of \"\"ordinary good\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7741260", "chunk_text": "\"Public good\"\n(\"\"non-rivalry\"\" and \"\"non-excludability\"\") only to a certain extent or only some of the time. These goods are known as \"\"impure public goods\"\". The opposite of a public good is a \"\"private good\"\", which does not possess these properties. A loaf of bread, for example, is a private good; its owner can exclude others from using it, and once it has been consumed, it cannot be used again. A good that is rivalrous but \"\"non-excludable\"\" is sometimes called a \"\"common-pool resource\"\". Such goods raise similar issues to public goods: the mirror to the \"\"public goods problem\"\" for this case is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6144917", "chunk_text": "\"Private good\"\nPrivate good A private good is defined in economics as \"\"an item that yields positive benefits to people\"\" that is excludable, i.e. its owners can exercise private property rights, preventing those who have not paid for it from using the good or consuming its benefits; and rivalrous, i.e. consumption by one necessarily prevents that of another. A private good, as an economic resource is scarce, which can cause competition for it. The market demand curve for a private good is a horizontal summation of individual demand curves. Unlike public goods, private goods are less likely to have the free rider", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19820548", "chunk_text": "\"Rivalry (economics)\"\nRivalry (economics) In economics, a good is said to be rivalrous or rival if its consumption by one consumer prevents simultaneous consumption by other consumers, or if consumption by one party reduces the ability of another party to consume it. A good is considered non-rivalrous or non-rival if, for any level of production, the cost of providing it to a marginal (additional) individual is zero. A good can be placed along a continuum ranging from rivalrous to non-rivalrous. The same characteristic is sometimes referred to as jointness of supply or subtractable or non-subtractable. Most tangible goods, both durable and nondurable,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10263416", "chunk_text": "\"Ordinary good\"\nstill useful since it allows a simple representation of price and income changes. A normal good is always ordinary, while an ordinary good can be normal, inferior or sticky. Ordinary good An ordinary good is a microeconomic concept used in consumer theory. It is defined as a good which creates increased demand when the price for the good drops or conversely decreased demand if the price for the good increases, \"\"ceteris paribus\"\". It is the opposite of a Giffen good. Since the existence of Giffen goods outside the realm of economic theory is still contested, the pairing of Giffen goods", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7252982", "chunk_text": "\"Complementary good\"\nway: if the price of one good rises, so will the price of the other, and vice versa. With substitute goods, however, the price and quantity demanded of one good is related inversely to the price and quantity demanded of a substitute good, meaning that if the price or quantity demanded of one good rises, the price or quantity demanded of its substitute will fall. When two goods are complements, they experience joint demand. For example, the demand for razor blades may depend upon the number of razors in use; this is why razors have sometimes been sold as loss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16520653", "chunk_text": "\"Used good\"\nUsed good A secondhand or used good is a piece of personal property that is being purchased by or otherwise transferred to a second or later end user. A \"\"used\"\" good can also simply mean it is no longer in the same condition as it was when transferred to the current owner. When the term \"\"used\"\" means that an item has expended its purpose (such as a used diaper), it is typically called garbage, instead. Used goods may be transferred informally between friends and family for free as hand-me-downs. They may be sold for a fraction of their original price", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3315587", "chunk_text": "\"Giffen good\"\nGiffen good In economics and consumer theory, a Giffen good is a product that people consume more of as the price rises and vice versa—violating the basic law of demand in microeconomics. For any other sort of good, as the price of the good rises, the substitution effect makes consumers purchase less of it, and more of substitute goods; for most goods, the income effect (due to the effective decline in available income due to more being spent on existing units of this good) reinforces this decline in demand for the good. But a Giffen good is so strongly an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11709184", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nbranded and marketed, a condition referred to as monopolistic competition. A good example may be the comparison between store brand and name brand versions of medications - the products may be \"\"identical\"\" but the packaging is differentiated by the vendors. Since the goods are essentially alike, the only genuine difference between them is the price - their vendors rely primarily on price and branding to effect sales. In those sectors consumer choice is usually driven by discriminate according to \"\"lowest price\"\", with higher-priced variants relying on a sense of exclusivity created by slicker branding to maintain competitiveness. Perfect substitutability is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17828247", "chunk_text": "\"Neutral good\"\nNeutral good In economics, neutral goods are goods whose demand is independent of income. Such goods have substitution effects but not income effects. Examples of neutral goods include prescription medicines for people with medical conditions, such as insulin for diabetics. Although an individual's income may vary, their consumption of vital prescription medicines will remain constant. Arguably illicit drugs would fit into this category as anecdotally poor addicts will go to great lengths such as prostitution, theft and robbery to gain the income to pay for their addiction. An alternative definition says that a good is a neutral good if the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2968930", "chunk_text": "\"Tying (commerce)\"\nTying (commerce) Tying (informally, product tying) is the practice of selling one product or service as a mandatory addition to the purchase of a different product or service. In legal terms, a \"\"tying sale\"\" makes the sale of one good (the \"\"tying good\"\") to the de facto customer (or de jure customer) conditional on the purchase of a second distinctive good (the \"\"tied good\"\"). Tying is often illegal when the products are not naturally related. It is related to but distinct from freebie marketing, a common (and legal) method of giving away (or selling at a substantial discount) one item", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20595485", "chunk_text": "\"Final good\"\nFinal good A consumer good or final good is any commodity that is produced or consumed by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs. Consumer goods are ultimately consumed, rather than used in the production of another good. For example, a microwave oven or a bicycle that is sold to a consumer is a final good or consumer good, but the components that are sold to be used in those goods are intermediate goods. For example, textiles or transistors can be used to make some further goods. When used in measures of national income and output, the term \"\"final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7055800", "chunk_text": "Upselling\nor an additional item in order to make a more profitable sale. For instance a salesperson may influence a customer into purchasing the newest version of an item, rather than the less-expensive current model, by pointing out its additional features. A similar marketing technique is cross-selling, where the salesperson suggests the purchase of additional products for sale. For example, he might say \"\"Would you like some ice cream to go with that cake?\"\" Both techniques increase profits for businesses, but research has shown that upselling is generally more effective than cross-selling. Many companies teach their employees to upsell products and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13277157", "chunk_text": "\"Normal good\"\nconventionally understood as \"\"public goods.\"\") Consumption of many public goods will decrease when a rational consumer's income rises, due to replacement by private goods, e.g. building a private garden to replace use of public parks. But when effective congestion costs to a consumer rises with the consumer's income, even a normal good with a low income elasticity of demand (independent of the congestion costs associated with the non-excludable nature of the good) will exhibit the same effect. This makes it difficult to distinguish inferior public goods from normal ones. Normal good In economics, a normal good is any good for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296530", "chunk_text": "\"Necessity good\"\ngood is, the lower the price elasticity of demand, as people will attempt to buy it no matter the price. If income elasticity of demand is lower than unity, it is a necessity good. Most necessity goods are usually produced by a public utility. According to Investopedia-site, stocks of private companies producing necessity goods are known as defensive stock. Defensive stock are stock that provides a constant dividend and stable earnings regardless of the state of the overall stock market. Necessity good In economics, a necessity good or a necessary good is a type of normal good. Necessity goods are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4786388", "chunk_text": "\"Giffen good\"\nmay have been Giffen for certain groups of consumers—in particular for poor consumers. Giffen good In economics and consumer theory, a Giffen good is a product that people consume more of as the price rises and vice versa—violating the basic law of demand in microeconomics. For any other sort of good, as the price of the good rises, the substitution effect makes consumers purchase less of it, and more of substitute goods; for most goods, the income effect (due to the effective decline in available income due to more being spent on existing units of this good) reinforces this decline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11081530", "chunk_text": "\"Common good (economics)\"\nCommon good (economics) Common goods are defined in economics as goods which are rivalrous and non-excludable. Thus, they constitute one of the four main types based on the criteria: One modern example is climate stability. Classic examples of common goods are water and air. Water and air can be polluted: water flows can be tapped beyond sustainability, and air is often used in combustion, whether by motor vehicles, smokers, factories, wood fires. In the production process these resources and others are changed into finished products such as food, shoes, toys, furniture, cars, houses and televisions. Another example of a private", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "509244", "chunk_text": "\"Composite good\"\nComposite good In economics, a composite good is an abstraction that represents all but one of the goods in the relevant budget. Consumer demand theory shows how the composite may be treated as if it were only a single good as to properties hypothesized about demand. The composite good represents what is given up along consumer's budget constraint to consume more of the first good. Budget constraints are designed to show the maximum amount of a good, or combination of goods, that can be purchased by a consumer given a limited budget. In a single-good world, the cost of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12466763", "chunk_text": "\"Private good\"\nclean air. An example of the private good is bread: bread eaten by a given person cannot be consumed by another (rivalry), and it is easy for a baker to refuse to trade a loaf (exclusive). To illustrate the horizontal summation characteristic, assume there are only two people in this economy and that: As a result, a new market demand curve can be derived with the following results: Private good A private good is defined in economics as \"\"an item that yields positive benefits to people\"\" that is excludable, i.e. its owners can exercise private property rights, preventing those who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10722322", "chunk_text": "Demand\nFor example, Q = a - P - P where Q is the quantity of automobiles demanded, P is the price of automobiles and P is the price of gasoline. The other main category of related goods are substitutes. Substitutes are goods that can be used in place of the primary good. The mathematical relationship between the price of the substitute and the demand for the good in question is positive. If the price of the substitute goes down the demand for the good in question goes down. The demand equation is the mathematical expression of the relationship between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14709140", "chunk_text": "\"Anti-rival good\"\nAnti-rival good “Anti-rival good” is a neologism suggested by Steven Weber. According to his definition, it is the opposite of a rival good. When more people share an anti-rival good, the more utility each person receives. Examples include software and other information goods created through the process of commons-based peer production. An anti-rival good meets the test of a public good because it is non-excludable (freely available to all) and non-rival (consumption by one person does not reduce the amount available for others). However, it has the additional quality of being created by private individuals for common benefit without being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12082824", "chunk_text": "\"Network effect\"\nNetwork effect A network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the positive effect described in economics and business that an additional user of a good or service has on the value of that product to others. When a network effect is present, the value of a product or service increases according to the number of others using it. The classic example is the telephone, where a greater number of users increases the value to each. A positive externality is created when a telephone is purchased without its owner intending to create value for other users,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7400480", "chunk_text": "Tradability\nTradability Tradability is the property of a good or service that can be sold in another location distant from where it was produced. A good that is not tradable is called non-tradable. Different goods have differing levels of tradability: the higher the cost of transportation and the shorter the shelf life, the less tradable a good is. Prepared food, for example, is not generally considered a tradable good; it will be sold in the city in which it is produced and does not directly compete with other cities' prepared foods. Haircuts and massages are also non-tradable. Perfectly tradable goods, like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3594032", "chunk_text": "\"Public good\"\nthe government or the NGO has a better investment technology. This result contrasts with the case of private goods studied by Hart (1995), where the party with the better investment technology should be the owner. However, more recently it has been shown that the investment technology matters also in the public-good case when a party is indispensable or when there are bargaining frictions between the government and the NGO. Public good In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7252985", "chunk_text": "\"Complementary good\"\na constant supply curve S of cars, the new increased quantity demanded will be at D2 with a new increased price P2. Other examples include automobiles and fuel, mobile phones and cellular service, printer and cartridge, among others. A perfect complement is a good that \"\"has\"\" to be consumed with another good. The indifference curve of a perfect complement will exhibit a right angle, as illustrated by the figure at the right. Such preferences are often represented by a Leontief utility function. Few goods in the real world will behave as perfect complements. One example is a left shoe and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5413731", "chunk_text": "\"Marginal concepts\"\nrelevant division may be quite large. The marginal use of a good or service is the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase, or the specific use of the good or service that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease. The marginal utility of a good or service is the utility of the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase in that good or service, or of the specific use that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease. In other words, marginal utility is the utility of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6886786", "chunk_text": "\"Substitute good\"\nsignificant in the era of deregulation, since there are usually several competing providers in a field (e.g. electricity suppliers) each retailing exactly the same product. The result is often aggressive price competition between the retailers. One of the requirements for perfect competition is that the products of competing firms should be perfect substitutes. When this condition is not satisfied, the market is characterized by product differentiation. \"\"Unit-demand goods\"\" are goods from which the consumer wants only a single item. If the consumer has two items, then his utility is the \"\"maximum\"\" of the utilities he gains from each of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15543675", "chunk_text": "\"Intermediate good\"\nbe used in three different ways. The first way, a company makes and uses its own intermediate goods. The second way, a company manufactures internediate goods and sell them to others. The last way, a company buys intermediate goods to produce either secondary intermediate goods or final goods. Intermediate good Intermediate goods or producer goods or semi-finished products are goods which are under processgoods, such as partly finished goods, used as inputs in the production of other goods including final goods. A firm may make and then use intermediate goods, or make and then sell, or buy then use them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17902907", "chunk_text": "\"Utility functions on indivisible goods\"\nwords, formula_10 is a submodular set function. An equivalent property is diminishing marginal utility, which means that for any sets formula_2 and formula_3 with formula_36, and every formula_37: A submodular utility function is characteristic of substitute goods. For example, an apple and a bread loaf can be considered substitutes: the utility a person receives from eating an apple is smaller if he has already ate bread (and vice versa), since he is less hungry in that case. A typical utility function for this case is given at the right. Supermodularity is the opposite of submodularity: it means that \"\"the whole", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10076621", "chunk_text": "\"Free good\"\nFree good A free good is a good that is not scarce, and therefore is available without limit. A free good is available in as great a quantity as desired with zero opportunity cost to society. A good that is made available at zero price is not necessarily a free good. For example, a shop might give away its stock in its promotion, but producing these goods would still have required the use of scarce resources. Examples of free goods are ideas and works that are reproducible at zero cost, or almost zero cost. For example, if someone invents a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15861928", "chunk_text": "\"Intangible good\"\nIntangible good An intangible good is a good that does not have a physical nature, as opposed to a physical good (an object). Digital goods such as downloadable music, mobile apps or virtual goods used in virtual economies are all examples of intangible goods. In an increasingly digitized world, intangible goods play a more and more important role in the economy. Virtually anything that is in a digital form and deliverable on the Internet can be considered an intangible good. In ordinary sense, an intangible good should not be confused with a service, since a good is an object, whereas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9784245", "chunk_text": "Good\nGood In its most general context, the concept of good denotes that conduct which is to be or should be preferred when posed with a choice between a set of possible actions. Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil. The concept is of interest in the study of morality, ethics, religion and philosophy, and the specific meaning and etiology of the term and its associated translations among ancient and contemporary languages has varied substantially in its inflected meaning depending on circumstances of place, history, religious context, or philosophical context. Every language has a word expressing \"\"good\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_753	where in the bible can i find the lord's prayer?	n/a	[ "the Gospel of Matthew", "the Gospel of Luke" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336778", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nLord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer (also called the Our Father or Pater Noster) is a venerated Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray: Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when \"\"one of his disciples said to him, 'Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples.'\"\" Lutheran theologian Harold Buls suggested that both were original, the Matthaen version spoken by Jesus early in his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247432", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nof the Christmas carol \"\"O Holy Night\"\" as a spoken bridge. The band Yaz used the prayer interspersed with the lyrics of \"\"In My Room\"\" on the album Upstairs at Erics. Text Comment Lord's Prayer The Lord's Prayer (also called the Our Father or Pater Noster) is a venerated Christian prayer which, according to the New Testament, Jesus taught as the way to pray: Two versions of this prayer are recorded in the gospels: a longer form within the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke when \"\"one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247397", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nnot in all. Older English translations of the Bible, based on late Byzantine Greek manuscripts, included it, but it is excluded in critical editions of the New Testament, such as that of the United Bible Societies. It is absent in the oldest manuscripts and is not considered to be part of the original text of –. The Catholic Church has never attached it to the Lord's Prayer, but has included it in the Roman Rite Mass as revised in 1969, not as part of the Our Father but separated from it by a prayer called the embolism spoken or sung", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247423", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nthe Lord's Prayer with the doxology, sometimes without. Most Protestants append it to the Lord's Prayer. In the course of Christianization, one of the first texts to be translated between many languages has historically been the Lord's Prayer, long before the full Bible would be translated into the respective languages. Since the 16th century, collections of translations of the prayer have often been used for a quick comparison of languages. The first such collection, with 22 versions, was \"\"Mithridates de differentis linguis\"\" by Conrad Gessner (1555; the title refers to Mithridates VI of Pontus who according to Pliny the Elder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247400", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nOrigen of Alexandria used the word \"\"trespasses\"\" () in the prayer. Although the Latin form that was traditionally used in Western Europe has \"\"debita\"\" (\"\"debts\"\"), most English-speaking Christians (except Scottish Presbyterians and some others of the Reformed tradition) use \"\"trespasses\"\". The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), the Established Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as the Congregational denomination follow the version found in Matthew 6 in the Authorized Version (known also as the King James Version), which in the prayer uses the words \"\"debts\"\" and \"\"debtors\"\". All these versions are based on the text in Matthew, rather than Luke, of the prayer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247394", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\na doxology, a later addendum appearing in some manuscripts of Matthew. Initial words on the topic from the \"\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\"\" teach that it \"\"is truly the summary of the whole gospel\"\". The prayer is used by most Christian churches in their worship; with few exceptions, the liturgical form is the Matthean. Although theological differences and various modes of worship divide Christians, according to Fuller Seminary professor Clayton Schmit, \"\"there is a sense of solidarity in knowing that Christians around the globe are praying together ... and these words always unite us.\"\" In biblical criticism, the prayer's absence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336779", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nministry in Galilee, and the Lucan version one year later, \"\"very likely in Judea\"\". The first three of the seven petitions in Matthew address God; the other four are related to human needs and concerns. The Matthew account alone includes the \"\"Your will be done\"\" and the \"\"Rescue us from the evil one\"\" (or \"\"Deliver us from evil\"\") petitions. Both original Greek texts contain the adjective \"\"epiousios\"\", which does not appear in any other classical or Koine Greek literature; while controversial, \"\"daily\"\" has been the most common English-language translation of this word. Some Christians, particularly Protestants, conclude the prayer with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247420", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nthat therefore the question is of no real consequence. Similar phrases are found in and . \"\"For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, For ever and ever. Amen.\"\" The doxology of the prayer is not contained in Luke's version, nor is it present in the earliest manuscripts of Matthew, representative of the Alexandrian text, although it is present in the manuscripts representative of the later Byzantine text. Most scholars do not consider it part of the original text of Matthew. New translations generally omit it. The first known use of the doxology, in a less lengthy form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336812", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nin 52 oriental languages, most of them not previously found in such collections, translated by the brethren of the Serampore Mission and printed at the mission press there in 1818. There are similarities between the Lord's Prayer and both biblical and post-biblical material in Jewish prayer especially Kiddushin 81a (Babylonian). \"\"Our Father which art in heaven\"\" (אבינו שבשמים, Avinu shebashamayim) is the beginning of many Hebrew prayers. \"\"Hallowed be thy name\"\" is reflected in the Kaddish. \"\"Lead us not into sin\"\" is echoed in the \"\"morning blessings\"\" of Jewish prayer. A blessing said by some Jewish communities after the evening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10169480", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\nPrayer in the Hebrew Bible Prayer in the Hebrew Bible is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent, though beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer, including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews. Individual prayer is described by the \"\"Tanakh\"\" two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336794", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\ndaily (\"\"epiousios\"\") bread;\"\" As mentioned earlier in this article, the original word (\"\"epiousios\"\"), commonly characterized as \"\"daily\"\", is unique to the Lord's Prayer in all of ancient Greek literature. The word is almost a hapax legomenon, occurring only in Luke and Matthew's versions of the Lord's Prayer, and nowhere else in any other extant Greek texts. While \"\"epiousios\"\" is often substituted by the word \"\"daily,\"\" all other New Testament translations from the Greek into \"\"daily\"\" otherwise reference \"\"hemeran\"\" (ἡμέραν, \"\"the day\"\"), which does not appear in this usage. Via linguistic parsing, Jerome translated \"\"ἐπιούσιον\"\" (epiousios) as \"\"supersubstantialem\"\" in the Gospel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10232168", "chunk_text": "\"Christian prayer\"\nChristian prayer Prayer is an important activity in Christianity, and there are several different forms of \"\"Christian prayer\"\". \"\"Christian prayers\"\" are diverse: they can be completely spontaneous, or read entirely from a text, like the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. The most common prayer among Christians is the \"\"Lord's Prayer\"\", which according to the gospel accounts (e.g. ) is how Jesus taught his disciples to pray. \"\"The Lord's Prayer\"\" is a model for prayers of adoration, confession and petition in Christianity. A broad, three stage characterization of prayer begins with vocal prayer, then moves on to a more structured form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336805", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nas well as in the Latin translation, the word could be either of neuter (evil in general) or masculine (the evil one) gender. Matthew's version of the prayer appears in the Sermon on the Mount, in earlier parts of which the term is used to refer to general evil. Later parts of Matthew refer to the devil when discussing similar issues. However, the devil is never referred to as \"\"the evil one\"\" in any known Aramaic sources. While John Calvin accepted the vagueness of the term's meaning, he considered that there is little real difference between the two interpretations, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247399", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\n\"\"For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory forever\"\" into the Lord’s Prayer. Later scholarship demonstrated that the manuscript was actually a late addition based on Eastern liturgical tradition. Other English translations are also used. Though uses the term \"\"debts\"\", the older English versions of the Lord's Prayer uses the term \"\"trespasses\"\", while ecumenical versions often use the term \"\"sins\"\". The latter choice may be due to , which uses the word \"\"sins\"\", while the former may be due to (immediately after the text of the prayer), where Jesus speaks of \"\"trespasses\"\". As early as the third century,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10036731", "chunk_text": "Amen\nAmen The word amen (, ) (Hebrew אָמֵן, Greek ἀμήν, Arabic آمِينَ) is a declaration of affirmation found in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. It is found in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim worship as a concluding word or response to prayers. Common English translations of the word \"\"amen\"\" include \"\"verily\"\" and \"\"truly\"\". It can also be used colloquially to express strong agreement, as in, for instance, \"\"amen to that\"\". In English, the word \"\"amen\"\" has two primary pronunciations, \"\"ah-men\"\" () or \"\"ay-men\"\" (), with minor additional variation in emphasis (the two syllables may be equally stressed instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18568680", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the New Testament\"\nto this emphasis on prayer in the early church, lengthy passages of the New Testament are prayers or canticles (see also the Book of Odes), such as the Prayer for forgiveness (), the Lord's Prayer, the Magnificat (), the Benedictus (), Jesus' prayer to the one true God (), \"\"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ\"\" (), the \"\"Believers' Prayer\"\" (), \"\"may this cup be taken from me\"\" (), \"\"Pray that you will not fall into temptation\"\" (), \"\"Saint Stephen's Prayer\"\" (), \"\"Simon Magus' Prayer\"\" (), \"\"pray that we may be delivered from wicked and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15879227", "chunk_text": "Prayer\ncloser to God. Jesus encouraged his disciples to pray in secret in their private rooms, using the Lord's Prayer, as a humble response to the prayer of the Pharisees, whose practices in prayer were regarded as impious by the New Testament writers (). Throughout the New Testament, prayer is shown to be God's appointed method by which we obtain what He has to bestow (; ; . Further, the Book of James says that the lack of blessings in life results from a failure to pray (). Jesus healed through prayer and expected his followers to do so also (;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119713", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nin the Gospel of Mark together with its occurrence in Matthew and Luke has caused scholars who accept the two-source hypothesis (against other document hypotheses) to conclude that it is probably a \"\"logion\"\" original to Q. Standard edition of Greek text <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Patriarchal Edition 1904 <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Roman Missal There are several different English translations of the Lord's Prayer from Greek or Latin, beginning around AD 650 with the Northumbrian translation. Of those in current liturgical use, the three best-known are: The square brackets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336796", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nof Life, the Body of Christ, the \"\"medicine of immortality,\"\" without which we have no life within us.\"\" \"\"Epiousios\"\" is translated as \"\"supersubstantialem\"\" in the Vulgate () and accordingly as \"\"supersubstantial\"\" in the Douay-Rheims Bible (). Barclay M. Newman's \"\"A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament\"\", published in a revised edition in 2010 by the United Bible Societies has the following entry: \"\"And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us;\"\" The Presbyterian and other Reformed churches tend to use the rendering \"\"forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors\"\". Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "504626", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\nas to protect them from what he still feels is an immanent attack. The Torah, however, when taken literally, describes a joyful meeting, with Esau disregarding formalities so as to embrace his brother, although interpreters suggest Esau actually attacked his younger brother. Moses, the most recurring character in the Torah, prays comparatively little in a truly spontaneous petitioning or thanking form. The one occasion that is most definitely prayer takes place when, in the Book of Exodus, following the making of the Golden Calf, he prays for God to be merciful with his people. The literal reading of the text", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2022816", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 102\"\nPsalm 102 Psalm 102 is the 102nd psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee.\"\" In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 101 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Domine exaudi orationem meam\"\". This psalm is part of the fourth of the five biblical books of Psalms and is one of the seven penitential psalms. It begins the final section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10232172", "chunk_text": "\"Christian prayer\"\nregarded prayer as an essential part of their lives (; ; ). As such, the apostles frequently incorporated verses from Psalms into their writings. for example is borrowed from and other psalms. Thus, due to this emphasis on prayer in the early church. lengthy passages of the New Testament are prayers or canticles (see also the Book of Odes), such as the Prayer for forgiveness (), the Lord's Prayer, the Magnificat (), the Benedictus (), Jesus' prayer to the one true God (), exclamations such as, \"\"Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ\"\" (), the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2022634", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 139\"\nPsalm 139 Psalm 139 is the 139th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"O lord, thou hast searched me, and known me.\"\" The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 138 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Domine probasti me et cognovisti me\"\". The psalm is a hymn psalm. Attributed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119743", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\na second, revised edition was published in 1715 by John Chamberlain. This 1715 edition was used by Gottfried Hensel in his \"\"Synopsis Universae Philologiae\"\" (1741) to compile \"\"geographico-polyglot maps\"\" where the beginning of the prayer was shown in the geographical area where the respective languages were spoken. Johann Ulrich Kraus also published a collection with more than 100 entries. These collections continued to be improved and expanded well into the 19th century; Johann Christoph Adelung and Johann Severin Vater in 1806–1817 published the prayer in \"\"well-nigh five hundred languages and dialects\"\". Samples of scripture, including the Lord's Prayer, were published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15879226", "chunk_text": "Prayer\nas with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and Job, the act of praying is a method of changing a situation for the better. The second way in which prayer is depicted is through fully fleshed out episodes of prayer, where a person's prayer is related in full. Many famous biblical personalities have such a prayer, including every major character from Hannah to Hezekiah. In the New Testament prayer is presented as a positive command (; ). The People of God are challenged to include Christian prayer in their everyday life, even in the busy struggles of marriage () as it brings people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3587299", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:9\"\nthat this petition is not necessarily advice for the present. Matthew 6:9 Matthew 6:9 is the ninth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the opening of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: The verse opens with an instruction to pray in the manner that follows. This opening makes clear that this is not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11440097", "chunk_text": "Gethsemane\nGethsemane Gethsemane (, \"\"Gethsemane\"\"; , \"\"Gat Shmanim\"\"; , \"\"Gaḏ Šmānê\"\", lit. \"\"oil press\"\") is an urban garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, most famous as the place where Jesus prayed and his disciples slept the night before his crucifixion; i.e. the site recorded as where the agony in the garden took place. \"\"Gethsemane\"\" appears in the Greek original of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark as Γεθσημανή (\"\"Gethsēmanē\"\"). The name is derived from the Aramaic ܓܕܣܡܢ (Gaḏ-Šmānê), meaning \"\"oil press\"\". and call it χωρἰον (18:1), meaning a place or estate. The Gospel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18568678", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the New Testament\"\nPrayer in the New Testament Prayer in the New Testament is presented as a positive command (; ). The People of God are challenged to include Christian prayer in their everyday life, even in the busy struggles of marriage () as it brings people closer to God. Jesus encouraged his disciples to pray in secret in their private rooms, using the Lord's Prayer, as a humble response to the prayer of the Pharisees, whose practices in prayer were regarded as impious by the New Testament writers (). Throughout the New Testament, prayer is shown to be God's appointed method by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119714", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nin three of the texts below indicate the doxology often added at the end of the prayer by Protestants and, in a slightly different form, by the Byzantine Rite (\"\"For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages. Amen.\"\"), among whom the prayer proper is usually recited by the cantors and congregation in unison, and the doxology by the priest as the conclusion of the prayer. The Anglican Book of Common Prayer adds it in some services but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336797", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nand Methodists are more likely to say \"\"trespasses ... those who trespass against us\"\". The \"\"debts\"\" form appears in the first English translation of the Bible, by John Wycliffe in 1395 (Wycliffe spelling \"\"dettis\"\"). The \"\"trespasses\"\" version appears in the 1526 translation by William Tyndale (Tyndale spelling \"\"treaspases\"\"). In 1549 the first Book of Common Prayer in English used a version of the prayer with \"\"trespasses\"\". This became the \"\"official\"\" version used in Anglican congregations. On the other hand, the 1611 King James Version, the version specifically authorized for the Church of England, has \"\"forgive us our debts, as we", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804374", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 130\"\nPsalm 130 Psalm 130 is the 130th psalm of the Book of Psalms, one of the Penitential psalms. The first verse is a call to God in deep sorrow, from \"\"out of the depths\"\" (Out of the deep), as it is translated in the King James Version of the Bible respectively in the Book of Common Prayer. The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 129 in a slightly different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804380", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 130\"\nPsalm 130 Psalm 130 is the 130th psalm of the Book of Psalms, one of the Penitential psalms. The first verse is a call to God in deep sorrow, from \"\"out of the depths\"\" (Out of the deep), as it is translated in the King James Version of the Bible respectively in the Book of Common Prayer. The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 129 in a slightly different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9247422", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nthe prayer, the priest sings \"\"For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages.\"\" Latin Church Roman Catholics do not use the doxology when reciting the Lord's Prayer, because it is not part of their received liturgical tradition and is not found in the Latin Vulgate of St. Jerome. Since 1970 it is included in the Roman Rite Mass as an independent item, not as part of the Lord's Prayer. The Anglican Book of Common Prayer sometimes gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6280875", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:9\"\nMatthew 6:9 Matthew 6:9 is the ninth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the opening of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: The verse opens with an instruction to pray in the manner that follows. This opening makes clear that this is not a prayer to be given by Jesus himself, rather it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13596638", "chunk_text": "Doxology\nthe end of the Lord's Prayer: \"\"\"\"For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever and ever, Amen\"\".\"\" This is found in manuscripts representative of the Byzantine text of , but not in the manuscripts considered by Catholics to be the most reliable. According to Scrivener's \"\"Supplement to the Authorized English version of New Testament\"\", it is omitted by eight out of 500 or so manuscripts. Some scholars do not consider it part of the original text of Matthew, and modern translations do not include it, mentioning it only in footnotes. The same doxology, in the form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119723", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nof those faithful who work for a better world. These believe that Jesus' commands to feed the hungry and clothe the needy are the kingdom to which he was referring. Hilda C. Graef notes that the operative Greek word, basileia, means both kingdom and kingship (i.e., reign, dominion, governing, etc.), but that the English word kingdom loses this double meaning. Kingship adds a psychological meaning to the petition: one is also praying for the condition of soul where one follows God's will. \"\"Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven:\"\" John Ortberg interprets this phrase as follows:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144481", "chunk_text": "Epiousios\nis the only adjective in the Lord's Prayer. It is masculine, accusative, singular, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it qualifies, , \"\"arton\"\". In an interlinear gloss: According to the \"\"Novum Testamentum Graece\"\", a compendium source document for most current New Testament translations and a standard for related academic work, the word appears only in Matthew 6:11 and Luke 11:2 as part of the Lord's Prayer. This makes \"\"epiousios\"\" a \"\"hapax legomenon\"\", that is, it appears only once. \"\"The Didache\"\", a first- or early second-century guide to Christian discipleship, also quotes ἐπιούσιος verbatim from the Lord's Prayer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15119719", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\ngiven by Jesus: \"\"Our Father, which art in heaven\"\" \"\"Our\"\" indicates that the prayer is that of a group of people who consider themselves children of God and who call God their \"\"Father\"\". \"\"In heaven\"\" indicates that the Father who is addressed is distinct from human fathers on earth. Augustine interpreted \"\"heaven\"\" (\"\"coelum\"\", sky) in this context as meaning \"\"in the hearts of the righteous, as it were in His holy temple\"\". \"\"Hallowed be thy Name;\"\" Former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams explains this phrase as a petition that people may look upon God's name as holy, as something that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "504628", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\ndown in front of the Ark of the Covenant, and following that, Joshua prays to God bemoaning his people's lowered moral, vulnerability to attack, and possible extermination. In 1 Samuel 1, Hannah prays for a child. 1 Samuel 1:13 says that \"\"Hannah was praying in her heart, and her lips were moving but her voice was not heard\"\" (NIV). The priest Eli thinks that she is drunk, but Hannah protests her innocence. After Hannah gives birth to a son, Samuel, she prays a prayer which is recorded in 1 Samuel 2:1-10. This is normally called the Song of Hannah, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10601008", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:10\"\nMatthew 6:10 Matthew 6:10 is the tenth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the second one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This verse contains the second and third petitions to God. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 6:10 The opening of this verse, like the end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10283003", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 145\"\nPsalm 145 Psalm 145 is the 145th psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever\"\". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 144 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Exaltabo te Deus meus rex\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5561589", "chunk_text": "Prayer\n(e.g. ) is how Jesus taught his disciples to pray. The Lord's Prayer is a model for prayers of adoration, confession and petition in Christianity. In medieval England, prayers (particularly the \"\"paternoster\"\") were frequently used as a measure of time in medical and culinary recipe books. Christians generally pray to God or to the Father. Some Christians (e.g., Catholics, Orthodox) will also ask the righteous in heaven and \"\"in Christ,\"\" such as Virgin Mary or other saints to intercede by praying on their behalf (intercession of saints). Formulaic closures include \"\"through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5410325", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer of Manasseh\"\nthe 1537 Matthew Bible, and the 1599 Geneva Bible. It also appears in the Apocrypha of the King James Bible and of the original 1609/1610 Douai Rheims Bible. Pope Clement VIII included the prayer in an appendix to the Vulgate stating that it should continue to be read \"\"lest it perish entirely\"\". The prayer is included in some editions of the Greek Septuagint. For example, the 5th century Codex Alexandrinus includes the prayer among fourteen Odes appearing just after the Psalms. It is accepted as a deuterocanonical book by Orthodox Christians. The prayer is chanted during the Orthodox Christian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15879225", "chunk_text": "Prayer\nfrequently through a spontaneous, individual, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent, although beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer, including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews. Individual prayer is described by the Tanakh two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring, and a result is achieved, but no further information regarding a person's prayer is given. In these instances, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6280908", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:12\"\nMatthew 6:12 Matthew 6:12 is the twelfth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the fourth one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This verse contains the fifth petition to God. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: For a collection of other versions see here: The Greek word here translated as debts literally meant financial debts owed to another.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13894386", "chunk_text": "\"Psalm 23\"\nPsalm 23 Psalm 23 is the 23rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, \"\"The Lord is my Shepherd\"\". The Book of Psalms is the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible, and in its Latin translation the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 22 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as \"\"Dominus reget me et nihil mihi deerit\"\". Like all psalms, Psalm 23 was used in worship by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5544831", "chunk_text": "Psalms\nPsalms The Book of Psalms ( or ; , , \"\"praises\"\"), commonly referred to simply as Psalms or \"\"the Psalms\"\", is the first book of the \"\"Ketuvim\"\" (\"\"Writings\"\"), the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and thus a book of the Christian Old Testament. The title is derived from the Greek translation, , meaning \"\"instrumental music\"\" and, by extension, \"\"the words accompanying the music\"\". The book is an anthology of individual psalms, with 150 in the Jewish and Western Christian tradition and more in the Eastern Christian churches. Many of the psalms are linked to the name of David, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3587304", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew 6:11\"\nMatthew 6:11 Matthew 6:11 is the eleventh verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and forms part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is the third one of the Lord's Prayer, one of the best known parts of the entire New Testament. This brief verse contains the fourth petition to God. The original Koine Greek, according to Westcott and Hort, reads: Via linguistic parsing, \"\"Epiousios\"\" is translated as \"\"supersubstantialem\"\" in the Vulgate () and accordingly as \"\"supersubstantial\"\" in the Douay-Rheims Bible (): Reflecting interpretations from the Vetus Latina, the King James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336803", "chunk_text": "\"Lord's Prayer\"\nnot let us be led (by ourselves, by others, by Satan) into temptations\"\". Since it follows shortly after a plea for daily bread (i.e., material sustenance), it is also seen as referring to not being caught up in the material pleasures given. A similar phrase appears in and in connection with the prayer of Jesus in Gethsemane. Joseph Smith, the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in a translation of the Holy Bible which was not completed before his death, used this wording: \"\"And suffer us not to be led into temptation\"\". In 2017, Pope Francis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10169481", "chunk_text": "\"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\nand a result is achieved, but no further information regarding a person's prayer is given. In these instances, such as with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and Job, the act of praying is a method of changing a situation for the better. The second way in which prayer is depicted is through fully fleshed out episodes of prayer, where a person's prayer is related in full. Many famous biblical personalities have such a prayer, including every major character from Hannah to Hezekiah. Often in the Hebrew Bible, individuals spontaneously pray to God when faced with difficulty or having avoided it. As mentioned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_754	when was the last time nebraska voted democrat?	n/a	[ "1964" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7983989", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska Democratic Party\"\nNebraska Democratic Party The Nebraska Democratic Party (NDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Nebraska. As of 2017, the party holds none of Nebraska's statewide offices or any of the state's Congressional seats. Democrats dominated Nebraska until 1860. In 1890, Democrat William Jennings Bryan ran for President three times but lost every time. The state has elected more Democrats to the governor seat and into Congress. Nebraska passed a referendum in 1937 which gave it the country's only unicameral legislature known as the Nebraska Unicameral. It is a nonpartisan single-house system. Nevertheless, despite the lack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5479200", "chunk_text": "Nebraska\nsince 1940: the 1964 landslide election of Lyndon B. Johnson. In the 2004 presidential election, George W. Bush won the state's five electoral votes by a margin of 33 percentage points (making Nebraska's the fourth-strongest Republican vote among states) with 65.9% of the overall vote; only Thurston County, which is majority-Native American, voted for his Democratic challenger John Kerry. In 2008, the state split its electoral votes for the first time: Republican John McCain won the popular vote in Nebraska as a whole and two of its three congressional districts; the second district, which includes the city of Omaha, went", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18794228", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska's 3rd congressional district\"\nwere merged to form the new 3rd District. The district is one of the most Republican districts in the nation. Democrats have only come close to winning this district three times as currently drawn, in 1974, 1990, and 2006. Republican presidential and gubernatorial candidates routinely carry the district with margins of 40 percent or more, while Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936 was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win a plurality within the current district boundaries. Excepting historically Democratic Saline County on the district’s eastern boundary and Dakota County which has only been within this district since 2013, the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4189036", "chunk_text": "\"Omaha, Nebraska\"\nthe state in fall 2008. Mike Fahey, the former Democratic mayor of Omaha, said he would do whatever it took to deliver the district's electoral vote to Obama; and the Obama campaign considered the district \"\"in play\"\". Former Nebraska U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey and former Senator Ben Nelson campaigned in the city for Obama, and in November 2008 Obama won the district's electoral vote. This was an exceptional win, because with Nebraska's split electoral vote system Obama became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win an electoral vote in Nebraska since 1964. In 2011, Nebraska lawmakers moved Offutt Air Force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15856293", "chunk_text": "Nebraska\ndistrict; Don Bacon (R) of the 2nd district; and Adrian Smith (R) of the 3rd district. Nebraska is one of two states (Maine being the other) that allow for a split in the state's allocation of electoral votes in presidential elections. Under a 1991 law, two of Nebraska's five votes are awarded to the winner of the statewide popular vote, while the other three go to the highest vote-getter in each of the state's three congressional districts. For most of its history, Nebraska has been a solidly Republican state. Republicans have carried the state in all but one presidential election", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5479201", "chunk_text": "Nebraska\nfor Democrat Barack Obama. Despite the current Republican domination of Nebraska politics, the state has a long tradition of electing centrist members of both parties to state and federal office; examples include George W. Norris (who served a few years in the Senate as an independent), J. James Exon, Bob Kerrey, and Chuck Hagel. Voters have tilted to the right in recent years, a trend evidenced when Hagel retired from the Senate in 2008 and was succeeded by conservative Republican Mike Johanns to the U.S. Senate, as well as with the 2006 re-election of Ben Nelson, who was considered the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7983990", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska Democratic Party\"\nof party registration, party primaries or party-based caucasing, senators in the legislature are informally affiliated with political parties in the state by party endorsements and campaign support. In the 2012 election, it was estimated that 17 senators were Democratic affiliates. In the 2016 elections, bucking national trends, Democrats flipped 5 seats from Republican to Democratic in the state's Unicameral. The Nebraska Democratic Party holds none of the state's six statewide offices, none of the state's U.S. House seats, and neither of the state's U.S. Senate seats. Leadership: Nebraska Democratic Party The Nebraska Democratic Party (NDP) is the affiliate of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11330922", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska Republican Party\"\nhave controlled the state legislature for several decades. In December 2009, the party organized a nationwide effort to unseat Democratic Senator Ben Nelson in 2012 under the theme \"\"Give Ben The Boot\"\". The Nebraska Republican Party currently controls all six statewide offices, both of the state's U.S. Senate seats, and all three of the state's U.S. House seats. While the Nebraska state legislature is officially non-partisan, Republicans hold a supermajority in its chamber when taking into account legislators' political affiliations. Leadership: Gerald Ford, a Republican from Omaha, became Vice President of the United States at Spiro Agnew's resignation. President Nixon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2862249", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Nebraska gubernatorial election\"\n2018 Nebraska gubernatorial election The 2018 Nebraska gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Nebraska, concurrently with the election of Nebraska's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various Nebraska and local elections. Incumbent Republican Governor Pete Ricketts won re-election to a second term. State Senator Bob Krist announced in September 2017 he left the Republican Party in order to mount a third party challenge against Governor Ricketts. Krist planned to create a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4773108", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States presidential election in Nebraska\"\n2016 United States presidential election in Nebraska The 2016 United States presidential election in Nebraska was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Nebraska voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her running mate, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. On May 10, 2016, in the presidential primaries, voters expressed their preferences for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16592274", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska's 2nd congressional district\"\nstatewide popular vote, as well as the district-wide popular vote for the other two Nebraska congressional districts, thus receiving four electoral votes from Nebraska. Obama's victory in the 2nd district meant that Nebraska's electoral delegation was split for the first time ever. It also marked the first Nebraskan electoral vote for a Democrat since 1964. By contrast, in 2012 and 2016, both Gov. Mitt Romney and Donald Trump won the 2nd district, as well as the overall statewide vote and the electoral votes of the first and third districts. This district is known as a swing district; it was one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16279260", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Nebraska gubernatorial election\"\nnew party in order to run, which will require submitting 5,000 signatures to qualify the party for the ballot. However, in February 2018 he abandoned the independent candidacy and became a Democrat. 2018 Nebraska gubernatorial election The 2018 Nebraska gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor of Nebraska, concurrently with the election of Nebraska's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various Nebraska and local elections. Incumbent Republican Governor Pete Ricketts won re-election to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14107049", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses\"\n2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses The 2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses took place on March 5 in the U.S. state of Nebraska as one of the Democratic Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, Democratic primaries were held in Kansas and in Louisiana, while the Republican Party held primaries in four states. The Republican Party and Libertarian Party Nebraska primaries were held on May 10. Bernie Sanders beat Hillary Clinton by a wide margin in Nebraska (as Barack Obama had done in the state eight years earlier). The victory showcased his strength in Great Plains states and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13221785", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Nebraska elections\"\n2018 Nebraska elections A general election will be held in the U.S. state of Nebraska on November 6, 2018. All of Nebraska's executive officers will be up for election as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of Nebraska's three seats in the United States House of Representatives. Incumbent Republican Governor Pete Ricketts is running for re-election to a second term. Republican state senator Bob Krist announced that he would give up his party affiliation and run for Governor as an Independent. Incumbent Republican Attorney General Doug Peterson is running for re-election to a second term. Omaha Attorney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1472449", "chunk_text": "\"1994 Nebraska gubernatorial election\"\n1994 Nebraska gubernatorial election The 1994 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1994, and featured incumbent Governor Ben Nelson, a Democrat defeating Republican nominee and businessman Gene Spence with 73% of the vote to win a second term. As of 2019, this is the most recent election in which a Democrat was elected Governor of Nebraska and the most recent time that a Democrat carried every county in the state. Though Nelson ultimately did approve of an action to prevent foster children from living with homosexuals or unmarried couples after he was re-elected, Spence hammered the governor for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16592273", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska's 2nd congressional district\"\nof Nebraska's congressional districts—there are currently three such districts—receives an electoral vote from the respective district. While the rest of the state's electorate is heavily aligned towards the Republican Party, the 2nd district—centered as it is on the city of Omaha—is more closely divided between the two main parties—Republican and Democratic. In the 2008 United States presidential election, Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama targeted the district as a strategy of breaking a potential electoral-vote tie. He won the district's electoral vote by a margin of 3,325 votes over his chief general election opponent, Republican John McCain. However, McCain won Nebraska's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11330923", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska Republican Party\"\nwould later resign, making Ford President. He would be President from 1974-1977, when he lost the general election to Jimmy Carter. Nebraska Republican Party The Nebraska Republican Party (NEGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nebraska. The party is led by Chairperson Dan Welch. The headquarters of the party are located in Lincoln. After 1860, Republicans dominated state elections in Nebraska for 30 years. Senator George W. Norris played a major role in forming the Tennessee Valley Authority during the Great Depression. The state has been strongly Republican during presidential elections. As a result of a referendum in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20758856", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Nebraska elections\"\n2014 Nebraska elections A general election was held in the U.S. state of Nebraska on November 4, 2014. All of Nebraska's executive officers were up for election as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of Nebraska's three seats in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on May 13, 2014 for offices that require them. Incumbent Republican Governor Dave Heineman is term-limited and could not run for re-election to a third term. Republicans Jon Bruning, Tom Carlson, Mike Foley, Beau McCoy, Pete Ricketts and Bryan Slone; Democrat Chuck Hassebrook and Libertarian Mark G. Elworth,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5479202", "chunk_text": "Nebraska\nmost conservative Democrat in the Senate until his retirement in 2013. Johanns retired in 2015 and was succeeded by another conservative, Sasse. Nelson retired in 2013 and was replaced by conservative Republican Fischer. Former President Gerald Ford was born in Nebraska, but moved away shortly after birth. Illinois native William Jennings Bryan represented Nebraska in Congress, served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson, and unsuccessfully ran for President three times. University of Nebraska system Nebraska State College System Community Colleges Private colleges/universities Nebraska is currently home to 7 member schools of the NCAA, 8 of the NAIA,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20973391", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska\"\n2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, to elect the three U.S. Representatives from the U.S. state of Nebraska; one from each of the state's three congressional districts. Primaries were held on May 15, 2018. The elections and primaries coincided with the elections and primaries of other federal and state offices. The incumbent is Republican Jeff Fortenberry, who has represented the district since 2005. He was re-elected with 69% of the vote in 2016. The incumbent is Republican Don Bacon, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14107050", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses\"\nin the farm belt, as well as in states that held caucus contests. Sanders won victories in the two biggest cities: Omaha and Lincoln, winning a commanding victory in populous Douglas County. He also swept most of the rural, mostly white and deeply conservative counties of the state, including those in the Nebraska Panhandle and the Rainwater basin which are among the most radically conservative areas of the nation. 2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses The 2016 Nebraska Democratic caucuses took place on March 5 in the U.S. state of Nebraska as one of the Democratic Party's primaries ahead of the 2016", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "779377", "chunk_text": "\"Midwestern United States\"\nstates of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas have been strongholds for the Republicans for many decades. These four states have gone for the Republican candidate in every presidential election since 1940, except for Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide over Barry Goldwater in 1964. Although North Dakota and South Dakota have often elected Democrats to Congress, after the 2012 election both states' congressional delegations are majority Republican. Nebraska has elected Democrats to the Senate and as governor in recent years, but both of its senators are Republican. Kansas has elected a majority of Democrats as governor since 1956, but has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6439549", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Ricketts\"\nRicketts ran against incumbent Nebraska U.S. Senator Ben Nelson, a Democrat. He won the Republican primary election, but lost the general election, with 36% of the vote to Nelson's 64%. Ricketts ran for the Nebraska governorship in 2014. He narrowly won a six-way Republican primary, then won the general election with 57.1% of the vote to Democratic Party nominee Chuck Hassebrook's 39.2%. In June 2017, he stated that he would run for re-election in 2018. Ricketts was born in Nebraska City on August 19, 1964, the oldest of four children of Joe and Marlene (Volkmer) Ricketts. Joe Ricketts was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11330921", "chunk_text": "\"Nebraska Republican Party\"\nNebraska Republican Party The Nebraska Republican Party (NEGOP) is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nebraska. The party is led by Chairperson Dan Welch. The headquarters of the party are located in Lincoln. After 1860, Republicans dominated state elections in Nebraska for 30 years. Senator George W. Norris played a major role in forming the Tennessee Valley Authority during the Great Depression. The state has been strongly Republican during presidential elections. As a result of a referendum in 1934, Nebraska has the United States' only unicameral legislature, known as the Nebraska Unicameral. All representatives are officially nonpartisan. Despite, Republicans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4382015", "chunk_text": "\"1984 United States presidential election in Nebraska\"\nas simply being bad for business. Reagan won the election in Nebraska with a resounding 42 point sweep-out landslide. While Nebraska typically votes conservative, the election results in Nebraska are also reflective of a nationwide reconsolidation of base for the Republican Party which took place through the 1980s; called by Reagan the \"\"second American Revolution.\"\" This was most evident during the 1984 presidential election. Nebraska continued its age-old trend of voting in par with is sister Great Plains States (North Dakota, South Dakota, and Kansas), a trend that has not been broken in any presidential election since 1920. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15136097", "chunk_text": "\"2006 United States Senate election in Nebraska\"\n2006 United States Senate election in Nebraska The 2006 United States Senate election in Nebraska was held November 7, 2006. Incumbent Democrat Ben Nelson won reelection to a second term, beating Republican Pete Ricketts by 63.8% of the vote to 36.1%. As of 2019, this is the last U.S. Senate election in Nebraska won by a Democrat. Since Ricketts was a millionaire, he could finance his own campaign. His opponents could not raise enough money to keep up. Kramer raised $330,000 and Stenberg raised $246,000 in 2005. The primary election was held May 9, 2006. Pete Ricketts won the Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20515779", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Hansen\"\nits electoral votes in U.S. presidential elections, rather than continuing its practice of awarding the electoral vote for each congressional district to the candidate who received the most votes in that district. Supporters were unable to break a filibuster; in the 32–17 cloture motion, Hansen was among those who voted against the bill. Matt Hansen Matthew V. \"\"Matt\"\" Hansen (born February 11, 1988) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. In 2014, he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature, representing a Lincoln district. Hansen is a member of the Democratic Party. Hansen was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13564687", "chunk_text": "\"1996 United States presidential election in Nebraska\"\nDemocratic. With 53.65% of the popular vote, Nebraska would prove to be Dole's third strongest state in the 1996 election after Utah and neighboring Kansas. In his second bid for the presidency, Ross Perot led the newly formed Reform Party to gain over 10% of the votes in Nebraska, and to pull in support nationally as the most popular third-party (not including independents) candidate to run for United States Presidency in recent times. 1996 United States presidential election in Nebraska The 1996 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 5, 1996. All 50 states and the District", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15136098", "chunk_text": "\"2006 United States Senate election in Nebraska\"\nnomination with 48% of the vote. Ben Nelson was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Nelson was elected in 2000 by a margin of 51% to 49% after serving as the state's governor for two terms. Nelson, considered the most conservative Democrat in the Senate, is the lone Democrat in Nebraska's Congressional delegation. This election was one of the most expensive in Nebraska history. In 2005, Ben Nelson raised $3.9 million for his re-election campaign. Pete Ricketts contributed $14.35 million of his own money to his campaign; he raised an additional $485,000 in contributions. The race also attracted national attention and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20528966", "chunk_text": "\"Curt Friesen\"\nNebraska to a winner-take-all scheme of allocating its electoral votes in U.S. presidential elections, rather than continuing its practice of awarding the electoral vote for each congressional district to the candidate who received the most votes in that district. Supporters were unable to break a filibuster; in the 32–17 cloture motion, Friesen was among those who voted for the bill. Curt Friesen Curt Friesen (born July 13, 1955) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. In 2006, he unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Nebraska Legislature. In 2014, he won election to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "779372", "chunk_text": "\"Midwestern United States\"\nelection since 1940, except for Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Indiana is usually considered a Republican stronghold, voting that party's presidential candidate in every election since 1940, except for Johnson in 1964 and Barack Obama in 2008. As a result of the 2016 elections, Republicans controlled the governors' office in all Midwestern states except Minnesota and the Republicans also controlled every partisan state legislature in the Midwest except Illinois. The unicameral Nebraska Legislature is officially nonpartisan. In 2018, however, the Democrats made a significant comeback by flipping the gubernatorial elections in Illinois, Kansas, Michigan and Wisconsin. The Democrats also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6039372", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Morfeld\"\nAdam Morfeld Adam Morfeld (born July 22, 1985) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. In 2014, he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature, representing a district in the city of Lincoln. He is also the executive director and founder of a nonprofit organization, Nebraskans for Civic Reform (NCR). Morfeld is a member of the Democratic Party. Morfeld was born July 22, 1985, at Long Beach Naval Station in California. In 2003, he graduated from Lincoln High School in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. In 2009, he graduated from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13119604", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox (Nebraska politician)\"\nNicole Fox (Nebraska politician) Nicole Fox (born September 14, 1974) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. She is a member of the Republican Party. In 2015, she was appointed to fill a vacant seat in the Nebraska Legislature, representing a district in downtown and southern Omaha. In 2016, she sought election to the seat; running against two Democrats in a Democrat-dominated district, she came in third in the nonpartisan primary and thus failed to advance to the general election. Fox was born on September 14, 1974, in Des Moines, Iowa. She grew up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18193957", "chunk_text": "\"Thurston County, Nebraska\"\n$20,481 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,951. About 19.30% of families and 25.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.60% of those under age 18 and 14.70% of those age 65 or over. In recent decades, Native Americans in the United States have become more active politically, voting in increasing numbers in local, state and national elections. In 2004, Thurston, a majority-Native American county, was the only one in Nebraska with a majority voting for the Democratic Party presidential candidate, John Kerry. Voter interest was high, and the 2008 presidential election was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8988805", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Nebraska elections\"\nseat. All of Nebraska's three seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election in 2018. In District 2, Republican Incumbent Don Bacon has announced he will run for re-election. Democrat Kara Eastman defeated Brad Ashford, who held the seat prior to losing to Bacon in 2016, and will challenge Bacon in the general election. 2018 Nebraska elections A general election will be held in the U.S. state of Nebraska on November 6, 2018. All of Nebraska's executive officers will be up for election as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of Nebraska's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8988804", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Nebraska elections\"\nwas first elected in 1988, has not announced whether he will run for re-election to a sixth term. Nebraska Public Service Commission District 3 incumbent Republican Tim Schram, who was first elected in 2006, is running for re-election to a third term. Nebraska's state legislature is unique among American states in that it is unicameral, meaning that it is only one chamber. Consisting of 49 legislative districts, the Nebraska State Legislature has 24 seats up for election in 2018. Incumbent Republican Senator Deb Fischer is running for re-election to a second term. Democrat Jane Raybould will challenge her for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20973392", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska\"\nhas represented the district since 2017. He was elected with 49% of the vote in 2016. The incumbent is Republican Adrian Smith, who has represented the district since 2007. He was re-elected unopposed in 2016. 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, to elect the three U.S. Representatives from the U.S. state of Nebraska; one from each of the state's three congressional districts. Primaries were held on May 15, 2018. The elections and primaries coincided with the elections and primaries of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18900457", "chunk_text": "\"Carol Blood\"\nCarol Blood Carol Blood (born March 5, 1961) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. In 2016, she was elected to the unicameral Nebraska Legislature, representing District 3 in Sarpy County. She defeated Republican incumbent Tommy Garrett. Blood is a member of the Democratic Party. The legislature is nonpartisan. Blood was born in McCook, Nebraska. She attended Adams Central High School in nearby Hastings, Nebraska. In 2008, Blood was elected to the Bellevue, Nebraska, City Council as the at-large representative. She was re-elected to the city council in 2012. She previously served as executive director of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9888763", "chunk_text": "\"William Forsee\"\nWilliam Forsee William Forsee is a Democratic political activist from Nebraska, who served as a presidential elector during 2008 election. A high school biology/anatomy teacher, In 2008, Forsee became the first elector from Nebraska in 44 years (since 1964) to cast a vote for Democratic nominees (Senator Barack Obama from Illinois for President and Senator Joe Biden of Delaware for Vice President). Nebraska split electoral votes (as Maine does) between winners at-large and congressional districts. Republican nominee John McCain won Nebraska at-large and all but one congressional district, but Obama carried Nebraska's 2nd congressional district and thus Forsee became first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19542679", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Nebraska State Legislature election\"\nEach candidate technically runs as a non-partisan (i.e., no party preference). The Nebraska State Legislature's website offers a statewide map of the 49 legislative districts here and maps for each individual district can be found on the website. Following the 2016 elections, Republicans maintained effective control of the Nebraska State Legislature with 32 seats. Democrats increased their numbers from 15 to 16 seats when State Senator Bob Krist of the 10th legislative district switched parties from Republican to Democrat. Furthermore, Republican State Senator Jim Smith resigned from office, leaving an open seat for Republicans to defend in the 14th legislative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1472450", "chunk_text": "\"1994 Nebraska gubernatorial election\"\nnot supporting restrictions on foster homes. Ultimately, four weeks before the elections, many prominent Republicans accused Spence of \"\"throwing in the towel\"\" and essentially conceding defeat to Nelson before any ballots were cast. The divided Republican primary and Gene Spence's inability to unite the party following his plurality victory in the primary eventually led to Nelson's overwhelming re-election. As of 2016, this was the last time that a Democrat had won the governorship of Nebraska. 1994 Nebraska gubernatorial election The 1994 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1994, and featured incumbent Governor Ben Nelson, a Democrat defeating Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13119614", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox (Nebraska politician)\"\nwere to move on to the general election; Fox was eliminated from the running. In the general election, Vargas won the seat, with 61.8% of the vote to Synowiecki's 38.2%. Nicole Fox (Nebraska politician) Nicole Fox (born September 14, 1974) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. She is a member of the Republican Party. In 2015, she was appointed to fill a vacant seat in the Nebraska Legislature, representing a district in downtown and southern Omaha. In 2016, she sought election to the seat; running against two Democrats in a Democrat-dominated district, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18080011", "chunk_text": "\"2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska\"\n2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska The 2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 4, 2008, as part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose 5 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. However, this state is one of the two states of the U.S. that, instead of giving all of its electors to the winner based on its statewide results, just 2 of them vote based on the statewide results, and the others vote based on their individual congressional district results. Nebraska, statewide, was not a swing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14175438", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Connealy\"\nwas defeated by Tim Schram 56%-44%. Matt Connealy Matthew James \"\"Matt\"\" Connealy (born December 11, 1951) is a former member the Nebraska Legislature, and former Executive Director of the Nebraska Democratic Party. Born in Oakland, Nebraska, he graduated from Decatur High School in 1970. He attended the University of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln from 1970 to 1973. He was elected in 1998 to represent the 16th Nebraska legislative district and reelected in 2002. He sat on the General Affairs committee and was vice chairperson of the Revenue, Urban Affairs, and Building Maintenance committees.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11308457", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States presidential election in Nebraska\"\nthe Republican and Libertarian parties' respective nominees for president. Voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic party's nominee via caucus on March 5, 2016. Registered members of each party may only vote in their party's primary, while unaffiliated voters chose any one primary in which to vote. Donald Trump won the election in Nebraska with 58.7% of the vote. Hillary Clinton received 33.7% of the vote. Twelve candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot: The Nebraska primary was held on May 10, 2016. Independents and registered Libertarians were allowed to vote in the state's Libertarian primary. The Nebraska Primary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20758859", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Nebraska elections\"\nelection. District 2 incumbent Democrat Anne C. Boyle, who was first elected in 1996, retired rather than run for re-election to a fourth term. The district is based in Omaha. Incumbent Republican Senator Mike Johanns did not run for re-election to a second term. Republicans Sid Dinsdale, Clifton Johnson, Bart McLeay, Shane Osborn and Ben Sasse; Democrats David Domina and Larry Marvin and Independents Jim Jenkins and Todd Watson ran. Republican Ben Sasse defeated Democrat David Domina to win the seat. All of Nebraska's three seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 2014. 2014", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6933822", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Nebraska elections\"\nLandis Paul Morrison, and Edward C. Price are running. Multiple judicial positions will be up for election in 2010. Amendment 1 (permit the development of real, personal property), the only ballot measure on the May 11 ballot, was approved by voters. Two ballot measures have been certified for the November 2 election: 2010 Nebraska elections Elections were held in Nebraska on November 2, 2010. Primary elections for the Republican Party and Democratic Party, as well as a nonpartisan primary for members of the Nebraska Legislature, took place on May 11, 2010 . All three of Nebraska's seats in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19512879", "chunk_text": "\"2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska\"\n2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012 and elected the three U.S. Representatives from the state of Nebraska. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. Primary elections were held on May 15, 2012. A redistricting plan was passed by the Nebraska Legislature on May 24, 2011, after a five-hour Democratic-led filibuster was defeated. The plan signed into law by Republican Governor Dave Heineman. Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10218641", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Hilkemann\"\nof awarding the electoral vote for each congressional district to the candidate who received the most votes in that district. Supporters were unable to break a filibuster; in the 32–17 cloture motion, Hilkeman was among those who voted in favor of the bill. Robert Hilkemann Robert \"\"Bob\"\" Hilkemann (born November 23, 1947) is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. In 2014, he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature, representing an Omaha district. Hilkemann was born in Norfolk, Nebraska. He grew up near Randolph, and graduated from Randolph Public High School in 1965. In 1969, he obtained a B.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18648560", "chunk_text": "\"Carol Blood\"\nof the Nebraska chapter of the Blinded Veterans Association. Blood then brought the issue to B. Don Burman, director of the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, VA officials at The Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and President Donald Trump. In response to Blood's concerns, the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System ordered the machines to be used at the VA hospital in Omaha. Carol Blood Carol Blood (born March 5, 1961) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. In 2016, she was elected to the unicameral Nebraska Legislature, representing District 3 in Sarpy County. She defeated Republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_755	who become the ceo of it wipro company in 2016?	n/a	[ "Abid Ali Neemuchwala" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10489239", "chunk_text": "\"Abidali Neemuchwala\"\nAbidali Neemuchwala Abidali Neemuchwala (born 8 December 1967) is an Indian-American business executive, and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Wipro since February 2016. Neemuchwala, who had been group president and COO of Wipro from April 2015, was appointed CEO with effect from 1 February 2016. He previously was the CEO of the BPO division of Tata Consultancy Services Limited. Neemuchwala has a bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Raipur, and a master's degree in Industrial Management from IIT Bombay. He is a certified software quality analyst and has a Six Sigma Green", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033733", "chunk_text": "Wipro\nNovember 2012 \"\"Guide to Greener Electronics\"\", Greenpeace ranked Wipro first with a score of 7.1/10. Listing: Wipro's equity shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index, and the National Stock Exchange of India where it is a constituent of the S&P CNX Nifty. The American Depositary Shares of the company are listed at the NYSE since October 2000. Shareholding: The table provides the share holding pattern as of 30-Sep-2018. Abidali Neemuchwala was appointed as Wipro's CEO after T. K. Kurien stepped down in early 2016. Neemuchwala, who had been group president", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10489241", "chunk_text": "\"Abidali Neemuchwala\"\nindustry. Neemuchwala was appointed group president and COO in April 2015. As the COO, Neemuchwala spearheaded several initiatives that helped create a more nimble and agile organization, and accelerated Wipro’s ability to not only respond to customers in the digital age, but also ensure deeper employee engagement. On 1 February 2016 he was appointed CEO and executive director of Wipro succeeding T.K. Kurien. As CEO, Neemuchwala oversees $8 billion in revenue and more than 160,000 employees serving clients across six continents. In September 2018, Neemuchwala helped land Wipro its largest deal in history with a $1.5 billion, 10-year contract with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5750515", "chunk_text": "\"Azim Premji\"\nAzim Premji Azim Hashim Premji (born 24 July 1945) is an Indian business tycoon, investor, and philanthropist, who is the chairman of Wipro Limited. He is informally known as the Czar of the Indian IT Industry. He was responsible for guiding Wipro through four decades of diversification and growth to finally emerge as one of the global leaders in the software industry. In 2010, he was voted among the 20 most powerful men in the world by Asiaweek. He has twice been listed among the 100 most influential people by TIME Magazine, once in 2004 and more recently in 2011.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14417734", "chunk_text": "\"Madhavi Vuppalapati\"\nMadhavi Vuppalapati Madhavi Vuppalapati (born 23 March 1972) is founder, CEO, and Chairperson of Prithvi Information Solutions (“Prithvi”). She is married and has one child and lives in Seattle, Washington. A graduate of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Madhavi holds a master's degree in Computational Mechanics. Madhavi founded the telecom and IT services multinational Prithvi in 1998, and together with her brother Satish Vuppalapati, took the company public in India 7 years later. She is the only female CEO amongst the top 50 Indian IT and telecom services companies. Born in Chirala, Andhra Pradesh, India to Ramarao Vuppalapati, an industrialist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5572173", "chunk_text": "\"Rajiv Dabhadkar\"\nRajiv Dabhadkar Rajiv Dabhadkar (born 12 March 1968) is a Technocrat. At present, he is the CEO and Founder of \"\"National Organization for Software and Technology Professionals\"\", which came into existence in April 2004 and has been involved in a knowledge (tech) worker advocacy organisation with a focus on wage discrimination and worker rights issues. Rajiv Dabhadkar has studied in General Education Academy. He has earned a Master of Science (MS) in Computer Science from Monmouth University Political Science and Sociology Department and has lived in the United States Of America and has an MBA from Saint Peter's University, He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5572174", "chunk_text": "\"Rajiv Dabhadkar\"\nhas stayed for 12 years before returning to India to begin ‘The National Organisation for Software and Technology Professionals (NOSTOPS)’ in April 2004. Rajiv Dabhadkar Rajiv Dabhadkar (born 12 March 1968) is a Technocrat. At present, he is the CEO and Founder of \"\"National Organization for Software and Technology Professionals\"\", which came into existence in April 2004 and has been involved in a knowledge (tech) worker advocacy organisation with a focus on wage discrimination and worker rights issues. Rajiv Dabhadkar has studied in General Education Academy. He has earned a Master of Science (MS) in Computer Science from Monmouth University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033734", "chunk_text": "Wipro\nand COO from April 2015, was appointed CEO with effect from 1 February 2016. Wipro Wipro Limited is an India-based information technology, consulting and business process services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. In 2013, Wipro demerged its non-IT businesses into separate companies. The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra by Mohamed Premji as \"\"Western India Vegetable Products Limited\"\", later abbreviated to \"\"Wipro\"\". It was initially set up as a manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, India under the trade names of Kisan, Sunflower, and Camel. In 1966, after Mohamed Premji's death, his son", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9084890", "chunk_text": "\"Rajeev Suri\"\nRajeev Suri Rajeev Suri (born 10 October 1967) is a Singaporean Indian business executive and the chief executive officer of Nokia. Before the current assignment in May 2016, he was the CEO of Nokia Solutions and Networks from 2015 and held various positions in Nokia since 1995. Suri became the CEO of Nokia when the sale of Nokia's phone division to Microsoft Mobile was completed, replacing Stephen Elop. Rajeev Suri was born on 10 October 1967 in New Delhi, India. He is a Singaporean citizen and is based in Espoo, Finland. Rajeev Suri has a Bachelor's of Engineering (Electronics and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8409370", "chunk_text": "\"Vishal Sikka\"\nexporter, named Sikka as its Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director. Sikka took over from then-CEO S.D. Shibulal, one of Infosys' founders, on 1 August. He was inducted as a whole-time director of the Board and CEO & MD (Designate) of Infosys on 14 June. His annual compensation was set at $13 million and stock options worth $9million. Vishal Sikka resigned from Infosys as MD and CEO on 18 August 2017. He was replaced by Pravin Rao on 24 August 2017. In 2008, Sikka joined the executive board of the CTO Forum, an influential industry non-profit community. The same year,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2386325", "chunk_text": "\"Satya Nadella\"\nfollowed that by purchasing Xamarin and LinkedIn in 2016, then GitHub in 2018. In the years since becoming CEO, Nadella is viewed as having done well, with Microsoft stock having tripled by September 2018, with a 27% annual growth rate. In December, 2018, Comparably called him the best CEO of a large company in the United States, citing anonymous employee reviews of Nadella. In 1992, Nadella married Anupama, the daughter of his father's Indian Administrative Service batchmate. She was his junior at Manipal pursuing a BArch in the Faculty of Architecture. The couple have three children, a son and two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2386318", "chunk_text": "\"Satya Nadella\"\nSatya Nadella Satya Narayana Nadella (; born 19 August 1967) is an American business executive from India. He is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Microsoft, succeeding Steve Ballmer in 2014. Before becoming CEO, he was Executive Vice President of Microsoft's cloud and enterprise group, responsible for building and running the company's computing platforms, developer tools and cloud computing services. Nadella was born in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. His father, Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandher, was a civil servant who worked for the Indian Administrative Service of the Government of India. His mother, as Nadella proudly states in his book, \"\"Hit Refresh: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16535091", "chunk_text": "Wickr\nof Wickr Foundation, the newly launched nonprofit whose seed funding was provided by the company. Mark Fields, who previously led CME's Strategic Investment Group, became the company’s CEO. He served in that position until November 2016, when he was replaced by Joel Wallenstrom, co-founder of iSec Partners, becoming the company's CEO and President. Initially unveiled on iOS and later on Android, the Wickr app allows users to set an expiration time for their encrypted communications. In December 2014, Wickr released a desktop version of its secure communications platform. The release of the desktop Wickr app coincided with introducing the ability", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9084893", "chunk_text": "\"Rajeev Suri\"\nphone division to Microsoft Mobile. Suri is the second non-Finnish CEO of Nokia after Stephen Elop. Suri is one of those rare top corporate executives who have achieved heights without pursuing any MBA/PG degree. Rajeev is based in London. Suri is married to Nina Alag Suri, an entrepreneur, and have two sons. Rajeev Suri Rajeev Suri (born 10 October 1967) is a Singaporean Indian business executive and the chief executive officer of Nokia. Before the current assignment in May 2016, he was the CEO of Nokia Solutions and Networks from 2015 and held various positions in Nokia since 1995. Suri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4032443", "chunk_text": "\"Nikesh Arora\"\nNikesh Arora Nikesh Arora (born 9 February 1968) is an Indian businessman who served as a former Google executive. He later served as the president for SoftBank Group, joining the company in October 2014 until stepping down on 21 June 2016. On 1 June 2018 Arora took on the role of CEO and chairman at Palo Alto Networks. Born to an Indian Army officer, Arora graduated from Indian Institute of Technology, BHU in Varanasi, India with a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering in 1989. He holds a degree from Boston College and an MBA from Northeastern University. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2374443", "chunk_text": "\"Raj Mamodia\"\nRaj Mamodia Raj Mamodia (born July 18, 1971) is an American business executive. He is the current CEO of Brillio, a global technology consulting and business solutions company spun off from Collabera in 2014. Prior to founding Brillio, Mamodia was CEO of Collabera. Raj Mamodia was born in a small village of a few hundred residents in Rajasthan, India. He spent most of his childhood in the village after leaving to do higher studies. He went into mechanical engineering from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad but found an interest in business. He earned an MBA from Northwestern University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8409369", "chunk_text": "\"Vishal Sikka\"\nto oversee some broad changes that were under way at the company, including its renewed focus on the mid-market, the introduction of new on-demand products, and the continued roll out of NetWeaver and its SOA strategy. In the wake of Léo Apotheker's resignation from the executive board in 2010 to become CEO of HP, Sikka was named to a newly-reconstituted board, along with new co-CEOs Bill McDermott and Jim Hagemann Snabe. On 4 May 2014, Sikka announced his departure from SAP for personal reasons before being named leader of Infosys. On 12 June 2014, Infosys Ltd, India's second-largest IT services", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9324531", "chunk_text": "\"Abidali Neemuchwala\"\nAlight Solutions. He is on the board of directors of Wipro Limited and the World Affairs Council of Dallas Ft. Worth. He also serves on the CEO Council of the Texas Economic Development Corporation. Neemuchwala gets his surname from Neemuch, a small town in Madhya Pradesh. He grew up in Delhi, Neemuch, and Mumbai. He enjoys travelling, Indian music, reading fiction, and playing golf. He is married, has three children, and lives in Dallas, Texas. Abidali Neemuchwala Abidali Neemuchwala (born 8 December 1967) is an Indian-American business executive, and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Wipro since February 2016. Neemuchwala,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3109495", "chunk_text": "\"Tan Hock Eng\"\nof Integrated Circuit Systems Inc. When this was sold to Integrated Device Technology Inc, he became the latter company's chairman. Avago was created following a US$2.66 billion buyout of Integrated Circuit Systems in 2005. Tan was hired to lead the company as chief executive. In 2015, Tan merged the company with Broadcom Corporation following an acquisition, leading to the creation of Broadcom Ltd which he currently runs. Tan Hock Eng Tan Hock Eng (; born 1952 in Penang) is the CEO of Broadcom Inc. He was the highest earning CEO in the US in 2017, earning US$103.2 million that year.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4032447", "chunk_text": "\"Nikesh Arora\"\nDeutsche Telekom, Putnam Investments, Fidelity Investments., Nikesh Arora Nikesh Arora (born 9 February 1968) is an Indian businessman who served as a former Google executive. He later served as the president for SoftBank Group, joining the company in October 2014 until stepping down on 21 June 2016. On 1 June 2018 Arora took on the role of CEO and chairman at Palo Alto Networks. Born to an Indian Army officer, Arora graduated from Indian Institute of Technology, BHU in Varanasi, India with a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering in 1989. He holds a degree from Boston College and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2374445", "chunk_text": "\"Raj Mamodia\"\nfor Excellence in CSR and Sustainability. Also in 2016, Brillio was named one of Achievers 50 Most Engaged Workplaces in North America, an award recognizing employers for leadership and innovation in engaging their workplaces. Raj Mamodia Raj Mamodia (born July 18, 1971) is an American business executive. He is the current CEO of Brillio, a global technology consulting and business solutions company spun off from Collabera in 2014. Prior to founding Brillio, Mamodia was CEO of Collabera. Raj Mamodia was born in a small village of a few hundred residents in Rajasthan, India. He spent most of his childhood in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033719", "chunk_text": "Wipro\nWipro Wipro Limited is an India-based information technology, consulting and business process services company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. In 2013, Wipro demerged its non-IT businesses into separate companies. The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra by Mohamed Premji as \"\"Western India Vegetable Products Limited\"\", later abbreviated to \"\"Wipro\"\". It was initially set up as a manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, India under the trade names of Kisan, Sunflower, and Camel. In 1966, after Mohamed Premji's death, his son Azim Premji returned home from Stanford University and took over Wipro as its chairman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3140488", "chunk_text": "Techkriti\n(Father of Wi-Fi), Mahesh Murthy and Oliver Smithies. The \"\"Indian Innovators\"\" panel has included Uddhab Bharali (Innovator from Assam with 39 Universal Patents), Bindeshwar Pathak (Founder of Sulabh International), Rohit Bansal (Co-Founder and CEO, Snapdeal), L Kannan (Founder, Vortex Rural ATMs) and Irfan Alam (Founder and Chairman, Samman Foundation). Guests at the 2014 festival included Walter Lewin, David J Griffiths, Jordan Soles, Alvin E. Roth, Palagummi Sainath and George Kourounis. Guests at the 2015 festival included K Radhakrishnan, Anthony Leggett, Peter Schultz and many more eminent personalities. Guests at the 2016 festival were ex-president of Afghanistan Dr. Hamid Karzai. 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3376409", "chunk_text": "\"Sandip Sen\"\nSandip Sen Sandip Sen (born 4 October 1966) is an Indian business executive. He is currently the Global Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director of Aegis Limited. He was appointed as the CEO on 1 December 2012. Sandip is an Honors Graduate in Economics from Presidency College, Kolkata and hold the Master of Business Administration from XLRI, Jamshedpur. Sandip Sen, is currently the Global Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director of Aegis Limited. He has over 25 years of experience in the IT & ITES domain. Sandip started his career with the UB Group, and later went on to become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033729", "chunk_text": "Wipro\nLD Waxson, and Zhongshan. On May 3, 2018, it was announced that Wipro was opening manufacturing locations in Andhra Pradesh and Guangzhou. On May 4, 2018, it was reported that Wipro's stock value had been decreasing. The day earlier, press had said that HCL would likely unseat Wipro that quarter as the third largest Indian IT company, after TCS and Infosys. Wipro Limited is a global provider of comprehensive IT solutions and services, including Systems Integration, Consulting, Information Systems outsourcing, IT-enabled services, R&D services. Wipro entered into the technology business in 1981 and has over 160,000 employees and clients across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12496728", "chunk_text": "\"Citrix Systems\"\ncompany announced several changes to its board of directors, including Robert Calderoni's becoming executive chairman and adding Jesse Cohn as a senior partner of activist hedge fund Elliott Management. That same month the company announced that president and CEO Mark Templeton would retire after a replacement was found, and on October 21, the company named its executive chairman, Robert Calderoni, as interim president and CEO. In January 2016, Kirill Tatarinov, a former Microsoft executive, was named the president and CEO of Citrix and joined the company's board. Calderoni remained executive chairman of the board. In July 2016, as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7334065", "chunk_text": "\"Anand Chandrasekaran\"\n2011. In 2011, he joined Yahoo and was a well-regarded product leader. During his stint there, he worked on the partnership with Yelp and its integration into Yahoo Search. This partnership was similar to content deals announced by Apple and Microsoft. In 2010, Anand was named by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader. In 2014, he was hired by CEO Gopal Vittal to join Bharti Airtel in the newly created position of Chief Product Officer, in charge of conceptualizing and delivering new products and reporting to Consumer Business head Srini Gopalan. In 2014, he helped launch Wynk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2447715", "chunk_text": "\"Sundar Pichai\"\nSundar Pichai Pichai Sundararajan (born July 12, 1972), also known as Sundar Pichai (), is an Indian-American business executive. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Google LLC. Formerly the Product Chief of Google, Pichai's current role was announced on August 10, 2015, as part of the restructuring process that made Alphabet Inc. into Google's parent company, and he assumed the position on October 2, 2015. Pichai was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India In a Tamil family. His mother Lakshmi was a stenographer and his father, Regunatha Pichai was an electrical engineer at GEC, the British conglomerate. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15276659", "chunk_text": "\"Anant Bhardwaj\"\nAnant Bhardwaj Anant Bhardwaj is an Indian computer scientist, software engineer, and Internet entrepreneur. He founded Instabase in 2015 and currently serves as its CEO. Anant Bhardwaj was born and raised in India. After completing his undergraduate degree in Computer Engineering at the University of Pune, he moved to the United States in 2010 to attend Stanford University where he earned a Masters in Computer Science. During his studies, he created VoiceX, an open-source platform designed to create an information ecosystem for people in developing world, with low-end feature phones that can't connect to the Internet, to generate, manage, retrieve,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20920191", "chunk_text": "\"Sanjay Mehrotra\"\nIntegrated Device Technology, SEEQ Technology, Intel Corporation and Atmel Corporation. Following the announcement of Mark Durcan's retirement in February 2017, Mehrotra was named chief executive officer. His appointment became effective May 8, 2017, serving as an adviser to the company until early August 2017. Mehrotra spent a few years of his early education in a Delhi school, Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, Lodhi Road. He started college at BITS Pilani and then transferred to University of California, Berkeley. Mehrotra was awarded his bachelor's and master's degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences by Berkeley. He graduated in 2009 from Stanford University Graduate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8753044", "chunk_text": "\"S. D. Shibulal\"\nS. D. Shibulal S. D. Shibulal (born 1 March 1955, in Alappuzha, India), better known as Shibulal, is an Indian business executive. He was the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Infosys, and one of its seven founding members. He stepped down from the post of CEO and MD on 31 July 2014 and was succeeded by the first non-founder CEO of Infosys Dr. Vishal Sikka. He is the President of the Infosys Science Foundation for the year 2015. Shibulal, born in Alappuzha in 1955, was the only child of his parents. In an interview, he was quoted in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6935983", "chunk_text": "\"Madhavi Vuppalapati\"\nLexus RX4005D, along with her jewelry and miscellaneous household items. An arrest warrant was issued against Vuppalapati on 16th Oct 2014 by The King County Court, Washington. Madhavi Vuppalapati Madhavi Vuppalapati (born 23 March 1972) is founder, CEO, and Chairperson of Prithvi Information Solutions (“Prithvi”). She is married and has one child and lives in Seattle, Washington. A graduate of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Madhavi holds a master's degree in Computational Mechanics. Madhavi founded the telecom and IT services multinational Prithvi in 1998, and together with her brother Satish Vuppalapati, took the company public in India 7 years later.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8369639", "chunk_text": "\"Binny Bansal\"\nBinny Bansal Binny Bansal (born 1982/83) is an Indian billionaire Internet entrepreneur. In 2007 he co-founded the e-commerce platform Flipkart with Sachin Bansal (no relation) and was serving as the chief operating officer until 11 January 2016 and was promoted to chief executive officer (CEO). In January 2017 he was promoted to Group CEO and resigned in November 2018 due to personal misconduct allegations of Flipkart. Binny is from Chandigarh and graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi with a degree in computer science and engineering. Binny Bansal is originally from Chandigarh, the capital city of Punjab and Haryana.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3576551", "chunk_text": "\"Nita Ambani\"\nsons and a daughter. Akash and Isha Ambani are the elder children and Anant Ambani is younger. Akash Ambani, who graduated in economics from Brown University, is now chief of strategy at Reliance Jio Infocomm. Isha Ambani, a graduate in psychology from Yale University, is now a director at Reliance Jio Infocomm and Reliance Retail. For her initiatives on grassroot sports, Ambani received the 'Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Award 2017' from the President of India. She received the award on behalf of Reliance Foundation as its chairperson. She is the recipient of the award for Best Corporate Supporter of Indian Sports,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18338743", "chunk_text": "\"Sanjay Parthasarathy\"\nSanjay Parthasarathy Sanjay Parthasarathy is a former Microsoft executive and technology expert. He is currently the CEO of Indix, a technology company that provides a comprehensive product intelligence platform and a product database which aims to help websites and apps become product-aware. Parthasarathy left Microsoft in 2009 when he was Corporate VP of the Startup Business Accelerator program, a division that he created. Before that, he was Corporate VP of Developer and Platform Evangelism from 2000 to 2007. He grew Microsoft’s developer business tools from $500 million to $1 billion, launched .NET, and has run microsoft.com and the Internet Security", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6888618", "chunk_text": "\"Gopal Vittal\"\nGopal Vittal Gopal Vittal (born 1967) is an Indian business executive. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Bharti Airtel (India) and (South Asia), an Indian multinational telecommunications services company with operations in 20 countries. Vital has an undergraduate degree from Madras Christian College and an MBA from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. He did his schooling at Rishi Valley School in South India. After graduating from IIM Calcutta in 1990, he joined Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), one of India's biggest FMCG companies. Early in his career at HUL, he did two stints as an Area Sales Manager, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033727", "chunk_text": "Wipro\nWipro announced that it was buying Appirio, an Indianapolis-based cloud services company for $500 million. In 2017, the company expanded its operations in London. In 2017, Wipro Limited won a five-year IT infrastructure and applications managed services engagement with Grameenphone (GP), a leading telecom operator in Bangladesh and announced it would set up a new delivery centre there. In 2018, the company began building software to help with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe. In March 2018, Wipro said it would be buying a third of Denim Group. In April 2018, the company sold its stake in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5509111", "chunk_text": "\"A. L. Rao\"\nhe implemented ISO 9000 compliant quality processes across the Software Divisions of Infotech Group. He has also driven the SEI CMM initiative enabling Wipro to become the first SEI CMM Level 5 Software Services Company in the world. In Oct 2000, Rao took over the leadership of Telecom and Internetworking Solutions Division and steered the business through multifold growth to its present prominent position. In June 2005, the then CEO of Wipro Technologies, Vivek Paul quit, and Rao was appointed the COO. From June 2005 to September 2008 he worked as the Chief Operating Officer, with the responsibility for Product", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3814198", "chunk_text": "\"Shiju Radhakrishnan\"\nShiju Radhakrishnan Shiju Radhakrishnan is the founder and CEO of iTraveller, a cloud based travel discovery, planning and booking platform that seeks to bring the entire process of planning and booking a holiday package online. Having completed his BTech from the Mahatma Gandhi University, he started off his career as a planning engineer in Ashok Leyland. He then shifted away from the manufacturing industry after doing his MBA from S P Jain Institute of Management and Research, working in various MNCs, such as Wipro and Cognizant before becoming the founder CEO of iTraveller in September, 2011. Shiju was born on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11748087", "chunk_text": "\"Travis Kalanick\"\nresignation, Kalanick will retain his seat on Uber's board of directors. Dara Khosrowshahi took his position of CEO in August 2017. Despite CTO Thuan Pham's 2016 internal email to employees commenting, \"\"I will not even utter the name of this deplorable person because I do not accept him as my leader\"\" on the election of U.S. President Donald Trump, which was widely circulated and published by the media, in December 2016, it was announced that Kalanick joined other CEOs, including Tesla CEO Elon Musk, JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon, General Motors CEO Mary Barra, Disney CEO Bob Iger, Walmart CEO Doug", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2954242", "chunk_text": "\"Inderpreet Wadhwa\"\nInderpreet Wadhwa Inderpreet Singh Wadhwa (born 1972) is an Indian-American renewable energy entrepreneur. He is the founder and CEO of Azure Power Global Limited. In 2008, he founded Azure Power, which launched an Initial Public Offering (IPO) on October 12, 2016, enabling the first listing of Indian energy assets on the New York Stock Exchange. Wadhwa was born in Amritsar, Punjab. He has a Bachelors in Electronics Engineering from G.N.D.U, Punjab and graduated from Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley. In 2008, Wadhwa founded Azure Power with the idea of setting up a business that offers viable and socially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16814556", "chunk_text": "\"Austin McChord\"\nAustin McChord Austin McChord (born 1985) is an American businessman and computer engineer. He currently serves as the CEO of Datto, a data backup company he founded in 2007. By 2015 Datto had a \"\"purported valuation of $1 billion,\"\" making it the only \"\"unicorn\"\" company in the state of Connecticut. In December 2017 Datto was sold to Vista Equity Partners for around $1.5 billion and merged with Autotask, with McChord appointed CEO of the combined company. Named to \"\"Forbes’\"\" annual 30 Under 30 list of leaders in enterprise technology in 2015, he is a periodic author for publications such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20368781", "chunk_text": "\"Devita Saraf\"\nSatya Brahma founded India Leadership Conclave and won the 2016 ILC Power Brand Awards in the category of the Business Woman of the Year 2016. She won the Business Woman of the Year 2016 at India Leadership Conclave 2016 Annual Edition. She was also a columnist for \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\". In 2017, Saraf bought a full page ad in the Times of India newspaper, where she congratulated Donald Trump on becoming President of the United States. Some on Twitter called the action narcissistic. Devita Saraf Devita Saraf is an Indian businessperson who is the founder and CEO of Vu", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9199292", "chunk_text": "\"Rahul Thakkar\"\nGarden from 2013 to 2014 as Vice President of Technology contributing in the entertainment, media and sports fields. Later, in 2014, he became the Vice President of R&D at Brivio Systems, a company operating in the access control industry. Thakkar left Brivio in 2015, and since then has been engaged with the aerospace industry, working for a Boeing subsidiary as a Chief Cloud Architect. At the time of winning the 2016 Academy Award, Thakkar had 25 patents in his name, including patents pending, and had also developed a web standard. Thakkar won the 2016 Academy Award for scientific and technical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14949645", "chunk_text": "\"Jyoti Bansal\"\nJyoti Bansal Jyoti Bansal (born 1977/1978) is a Silicon Valley technology entrepreneur. He founded AppDynamics in April 2008, and went on to serve as its CEO until 2015 when he became the company's Chief Strategist and Chairman. AppDynamics was purchased by Cisco Systems for $3.7 billion, a day before AppDynamics was due for an initial public offering. Bansal was born, raised, and educated in India. In 2000, he entered the United States with a H-1B visa, working for a number of Silicon Valley start-ups before receiving a green card allowing him to strike out on his own to establish AppDynamics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9288397", "chunk_text": "\"Sandip Sen\"\nlives in Mumbai. He has a son, Ambarish and daughter Prarthana. Sandip Sen Sandip Sen (born 4 October 1966) is an Indian business executive. He is currently the Global Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director of Aegis Limited. He was appointed as the CEO on 1 December 2012. Sandip is an Honors Graduate in Economics from Presidency College, Kolkata and hold the Master of Business Administration from XLRI, Jamshedpur. Sandip Sen, is currently the Global Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director of Aegis Limited. He has over 25 years of experience in the IT & ITES domain. Sandip started his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9764397", "chunk_text": "\"Srinivas Kandula\"\nSrinivas Kandula Srinivas Kandula is an Indian business executive, entrepreneur, and the Chairman of Capgemini Technology Services India Ltd. Prior to his new role, between January 2016 and December 2018, Srinivas Kandula was CEO of Capgemini in India and member of the Executive Committee of the Capgemini Group. He was also a former Member of the Executive Council and key management leader in IGATE Corporation, having led their HR, Quality, Marketing and Business Strategy functions globally. Srini, as he is fondly known, is a doctoral fellow from XLRI Jamshedpur. His doctoral thesis at XLRI was on the topic of ‘Alignment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5064615", "chunk_text": "\"K. T. Rama Rao\"\ninteract with about 20,000 migrant workers from Telangana who resided there. In May 2015, K. T. Rama Rao had led an IT department delegation on a two-week tour to the United States with the agenda of discussing and reaching partnerships with corporate giants on various areas of collaboration with the Government of Telangana. The top brass of 30 leading companies which include John Chambers of Cisco, Mark Hurd of Oracle and John Veihmeyer, the global chairman of KPMG, met K.T.R. to discuss the new industrial policy and ease of doing business in Telangana. He met Microsoft CEO, Satya Nadella, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2447721", "chunk_text": "\"Sundar Pichai\"\nPichai is married to Anjali Pichai and has two children. Pichai's interests include soccer and cricket. He is an avid fan of FC Barcelona and states that \"\"he watches every game of the club\"\". Sundar Pichai Pichai Sundararajan (born July 12, 1972), also known as Sundar Pichai (), is an Indian-American business executive. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Google LLC. Formerly the Product Chief of Google, Pichai's current role was announced on August 10, 2015, as part of the restructuring process that made Alphabet Inc. into Google's parent company, and he assumed the position on October 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14385847", "chunk_text": "\"Salil Parekh\"\namong others. He is a graduate from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT Bombay) in Aeronautical Engineering and holds a Master of Engineering degree in Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering from Cornell University. Salil Parekh Salil Parekh is the current chief executive officer and managing director of Infosys. Parekh took over from interim CEO U B Pravin Rao on January 2, 2018. Prior to this appointment Parekh was previously member of the group management board at Capgemini, where he had worked since 2000, after Ernst & Young's consultancy division, where he had been working before, was merged into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_756	who does eric end up with in gossip girl?	n/a	[ "Jenny" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388490", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\nrekindle their romance. The two decide to see other people in light of their children's romance. Blair and Nate eventually break up, after finally having sex, despite her affair with Chuck. Nate discovers the affair, causing a rift with Chuck. Throughout the season, Chuck tries to seduce Blair and the two somewhat come to terms with their feelings for each other. Georgina Sparks, past friend of Serena, returns and causes havoc, including outing Eric Van der Woodsen as gay. Georgina's return reminds Serena of the real reason she left the Upper East Side. Problems erupt between Dan and Serena, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19793227", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nis present during Thanksgiving dinner at the Humphrey's apartment when Lily and Rufus reveal they had a previous relationship years ago. Due to his mother's engagement to billionaire Bart Bass, he develops a close friendship with Chuck Bass, whom he soon sees as a brother. He tries to warn Jenny about her new boyfriend Asher Hornsby (Jesse Swenson) but she mistakes this for Eric being in love with her. In the same episode, Dan and Georgina Sparks see Asher making out with someone outside of school. The news becomes public on Gossip Girl, and Jenny denies the rumor by saying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818089", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nEric van der Woodsen Eric van der Woodsen (spelled Erik in the novels) is a fictional character from the book series \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" and the television series of the same name, in which he is portrayed by Connor Paolo. Erik is described as similar to every van der Woodsen: tall, thin, and blonde. The younger brother of Serena van der Woodsen, Erik van der Woodsen is not featured in the books very often. A junior at Brown University, Serena has said he has \"\"at least six or seven different girlfriends he sleeps with routinely.\"\" On a trip to Sun Valley,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12241348", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\nThe season focused hugely on Jenny Humphrey's development and downward spiral. She spends a good part of the season alienating herself from Eric, her former best friend, and chasing after Nate, who has his heart set on Serena. At the end of the season, due to her one night stand with Chuck Bass, and new drug dealing habit, Jenny's father and Lily send her to Hudson, New York, to live with her mother. Other story lines include: Blair and Chuck's attempt and ultimate failure at having a successful relationship; Dan and Vanessa moving from friends to something more; and Serena's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3861582", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nErik and Serena’s best friend Blair Waldorf dated briefly. Very close to his sister, Erik threw her a giant sweet sixteenth birthday bash and drove her up to Hanover on her first day of school there. Aside from his brief appearances, Erik remained a relatively quiet secondary character throughout the series, however he did have a bigger part in the \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" prequel, \"\"Gossip Girl: It Had to Be You\"\". In contrast to the novels, Eric's character is more complex in the show, showing a mature understanding of family and relationships but faces the same troubles as most teenagers have.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13572002", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\nlater where Chuck and Blair are revealed to have had a child and Nate Archibald appears successful and is rumored to be running for Mayor of New York. The show ends with the wedding of Serena van der Woodsen and Dan Humphrey. It's a small ceremony, in what looks like Blair and Chuck's home together, where Lily is with Serena and Eric's father, William, and Rufus seems to be happy with another woman (musician Lisa Loeb, who guest-starred in the first season) along with Dorota, Nate, Jack Bass and Georgina (who are now together), Jenny and Eric. A brief shot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12241345", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\nin the final episode as the last blast, where Serena decides to find out who \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" really is, but ultimately fails. The season finale ended with a well-received kiss between Blair and Chuck. The third season focuses on Blair, Dan and Vanessa getting into New York University along with movie star Olivia Burke (Hilary Duff), whom Dan starts dating; Nate getting into Columbia University; Serena taking a year off from school; Jenny becoming Queen Bee at Constance; and Chuck running Bass Industries, along with now adoptive mother Lily van der Woodsen. The first couple of episodes feature part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17545660", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nshe lost her virginity to Asher, which Eric knows is untrue. During a dinner with his family, Georgina outs him to get back at Serena. Eric's homosexuality upsets Lily, who blames herself for Eric getting institutionalized. Serena comforts him, and learns that Eric already came out to Chuck before her because he knew Chuck wouldn't judge him. He also explains that he had a relationship with someone while at the Ostroff Center, but now believed that it was over. At Asher and Jenny's party, Eric helps Blair dethrone Jenny by revealing that Asher was indeed gay, and that they were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4977018", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\nof the sixth season. According to OneNewsNow.com, other sponsors have included Procter & Gamble, L'Oreal, Target and Johnson & Johnson, which allowed the series to earn $28.2 million in ad dollars in 2007. Following a mysterious disappearance, Serena Van der Woodsen suddenly returns to the Upper East Side from boarding school to visit her suicidal brother, Eric. Shock spreads across the Upper East Side as the first sightings of her spread across the Gossip Girl website. Blair Waldorf soon discovers Serena had slept with her boyfriend, Nate Archibald, the night of her disappearance. Meanwhile, Brooklynite Dan Humphrey and Serena begin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18940737", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nBart's actions convince Lily to celebrate Thanksgiving with the Humphreys. After Bart's death, Eric comes back with Jonathan and tries to convince Chuck to go back to their penthouse. Chuck and Eric officially go from close friends to brothers after Lily adopts her late husband's son. During summer 2009, Eric is in his grandmother's house with Jenny, Dan, and Rufus while Lily is in Montecito taking care of his and Serena's grandmother, CeCe. He observes Jenny's speech to the rest of Constance that end the school hierarchy. During Jenny's gradual transformation as an Upper East Side Queen, he falls victim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215615", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\ninvolved. Asher denies this, but Blair sends a Gossip Girl blast with Eric and Asher's emails. He and Lilly later reconcile. During summer 2008, Eric is staying with his sister and grandmother in The Hamptons. He receives a call from Jenny who tells him, she needs help to get in the Vitamin White Party. She apologizes to him about the incident with Asher and they become friends again. Eric introduces Tinsley Mortimer to Jenny to extend her contacts in the fashion industry. After the school year starts, although Serena complains about Lily's new marriage and their new house rules, Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19603216", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nthreat to Jenny's reign as Queen. Blair gives Kira a makeover and Eric blackmails Graham into becoming Kira's escort instead of Jenny. Jenny soon endures public humiliation but manages to gain their respect by taking Nate as her escort for Cotillion. These events cause Jonathan to break up with Eric as he claims Eric has changed now that he's resorted to scheming with Blair. After Cotillion, Jenny leaves with the other Upper East Side Queen Bees and leaves unaware that Eric has been responsible for her public embarrassment. At Thanksgiving, Jenny discovers that Eric was the one behind her public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19641264", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Murphy\"\nseason one and part of season two working through a relationship with his girlfriend, Kristen, that ended after she admitted that she cheated while he was in New York filming \"\"Queens Boulevard\"\". In season two and three, Eric dated Sloan, the daughter of Ari's former partner at the agency. At the beginning of season four, Eric said that he and Sloan are \"\"on a break\"\", although it is revealed later in the season that they have indeed broken up and that Sloan has moved on. At the end of Season 6, Eric realizes Sloan is the only one he wants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388505", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\ndecide to go away together, but their car crashes. As a result of the crash Blair loses her baby, Chuck nearly dies, and Blair eventually marries Louis. The season also focuses on Nate running an online gossip site \"\"NYSpectator\"\", Blair and Dan's friendship turning into a relationship, Chuck's quest to find his real parents which leads him to discover that his father, Bart, is still alive, and the effects of CeCe's death on Lily and her marriage to Rufus. At the end of the season, Blair makes a choice between Dan and Chuck, and Lily makes a choice between Rufus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1469321", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl (season 5)\"\nwho will preside over Blair's wedding. Brian J. Smith, known for his role on \"\"Stargate Universe\"\", had been cast as a love interest for Serena while she is in Los Angeles and would appearing on the show as Max, an aspiring chef. Connor Paolo, who went on to become a regular on ABC's \"\"Revenge\"\", did not return to the show as Eric van der Woodsen stating, \"\"I'm done. You should never go back in life. Only forward.\"\" In an interview with \"\"Elle\"\" magazine on August 16, 2011, Momsen stated that she had quit the series to focus fully on her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19641265", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Murphy\"\nto be with and he proposes to her. Sloan realizes he is ready to commit to a relationship and they become engaged. Eventually they break up again after Eric gets insulted by his future father in law Terrence in trying to be forced to sign a prenup before his wedding. This causes Eric's much anger in the belief that his father in law would believe he is only marrying Sloan for her money, causing Eric to agree with Scott Levin's plan to work together to takeover Murray's Talent Management Agency. After sometime Eric is told that Sloan is pregnant, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818104", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nHis friendship with Jenny is once again tested when she reveals that she aided his father's escape from the police. He coldly states that no one is forcing Jenny to stay and that she can leave if she wants to. Eric is the first to discover that Jenny lost her virginity to Chuck and tries to comfort a dismayed Jenny, who is sent away to finish high school in Hudson. In \"\"The Undergraduates\"\", Chuck tries to make amends with Rufus and Eric, by coming to Fashion Week with his new girlfriend, Eva. Eric, however, informs Rufus of Chuck's season 1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215612", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\non his wrists from his suicide attempt. At Blair's annual sleepover, Blair dares Jenny to break into the Ostroff Center and take Eric out for the night. Jenny and Blair succeed and they take him to a bar downtown. Lily is made aware of his disappearance and begins to panic. She quickly informs Rufus, whose son, Dan, is on a date with Serena, after she cannot get hold of her. They contact the couple to make sure Eric is alright and to bring him home. Later, Lily realizes that Eric is ready to come out of the medical center. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6241233", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Bass\"\na sexual relationship. This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate. As Bart Bass and Lily van der Woodsen's relationship progresses, they decide to move their families in together. Chuck and Eric van der Woodsen, Lily's son and Serena's younger brother, become especially close. When Serena begins receiving mysterious packages (pornography in the mail, alcohol delivered to her at school), she automatically blames Chuck. Given the creepy remarks Chuck has made about \"\"bathing together\"\" and \"\"turning that onepiece into a no-piece.\"\" Serena is not to blame. Bart subsequently forces Chuck to move out of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20690134", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nIn \"\"Damien Darko\"\", it is revealed that Eric and Elliot broke up and he has been lying to his mother about being with Elliot when he has really been with Damien. When Jonathan goes with Eric to the W party, Eric ditches Jonathan to meet up with Damien. However, earlier Ben had seen Eric with Damien and called Serena. When they walk in on Eric and Damien, the two pretend to be couple and Ben lectures Eric about making bad choices. Eric promises not to see Damien anymore. Rufus confronts Eric, asking if he bought drugs from Damien and Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6197774", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Brady\"\nalso in town for other motives. She has orders to retrieve a piece of artwork that Eric acquired when the two of them were in Africa, that contains smuggled diamonds. Eric's relationship with Serena is bothersome to Nicole and she tries and fails several times to break it up. Eric later breaks up with Serena after discovering that she slept with her boss, Xander Cook. Later, Eric and Nicole are locked in the basement of the news station by Xander. Facing death, Eric and Nicole share a tender moment, and they realize they still have feelings for each other. But", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5243637", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Murphy\"\nEric regularly clashing with colleague Scott Lavin (Scott Caan). At the end of Season 7, E aids Lavin in a takeover in Murray's company after discovering that Murray was reporting to Terrence about Eric's own work performance. This rebellion presumably outs Murray and also shuts down the Murray Berenson Company for good with Eric and Lavin later going into partnership to form the Murphy Lavin Group. Unlike the rest of the entourage, Eric tends to pursue lasting relationships with women, although he is not above the occasional one night stand. He briefly dated Ari's assistant, Emily. He spent much of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818103", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\na potential love-interest named Elliot (Luke Kleintank) during a game of assassin on Nate's birthday. On the day of Blair's maid's, Dorota, wedding, Eric wonders if Elliot is gay and discovers that he has a girlfriend during the wedding reception. Elliot then confides in Eric that he is bisexual, indicating that Eric still has a chance with him when Elliot tells him that his girlfriend left out of jealousy. Eric's relationship with his father, William, is also observed when he coldly rejects him for not being there for him. He informs him that he is gay and had been institutionalized.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388491", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\nSerena tries to hide her secret from him. Georgina pretends to be a woman named Sarah from Portland and befriends Dan and Vanessa. It is revealed that Serena left the Upper East Side because she was involved in a drug-related death and felt responsible for the situation. However, the incident is resolved with Serena being absolved of her guilt and Georgina leaves. Dan and Serena decide to end their relationship. Meanwhile, Lily accepts a marriage proposal from Bart Bass, despite her feelings for Rufus, and the season ends with a Bass wedding and Blair waiting for Chuck at the airport.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12864397", "chunk_text": "\"Blair Waldorf\"\nSerena's connection to a rehab hospital. She then learns that the actual patient is Serena's younger brother, Eric, who had been committed after a suicide attempt. Afterward, a remorseful Blair reconciles with Serena. After learning that Nate no longer loves her, Blair sleeps with Chuck, eventually falling for him. This leads to a heated affair and an eventual love triangle. Her inability to choose creates much of the first season's story line. There are brief mentions of Blair's past struggle with anorexia-bulimia that are never mentioned again past the first season. She also begins a brief power struggle with freshman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17106177", "chunk_text": "\"The Wrong Goodbye (Gossip Girl)\"\nwas noted as her highlight of season 4, with many critics praising Szhor's acting in her phone conversation with Dan. This episode also marks Connor Paolo's final appearance as Eric van der Woodsen until the series finale. After discovering that Charlie has not been taking her medication, Serena and Vanessa reluctantly team up to find her. Chuck, Nate, Vanessa, and Serena soon encircle Dan, exclaiming that they need something from him. Chuck asks him where Blair is while Serena and Vanessa ask for Charlie's whereabouts. One of Blair's old friends reveals that Blair left the party. While accompanying Chuck to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388479", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\ncharacter of another show on the network. Jessica Szohr was signed on to portray the recurring role of Vanessa Abrams and received regular status during the fourteenth episode of the first season. Kaylee DeFer joined the series in the eighteenth episode of the fourth season and was promoted to series regular for the show's fifth season. At the conclusion of the fourth season, Momsen, who went on an indefinite hiatus during the season while retaining regular billing, and Jessica Szohr both left the show. Throughout the series' run, Connor Paolo consistently declined to elevate his recurring role of Eric van", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5284264", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Forman\"\neach other at Midge and Bob's renewal wedding vows. Throughout season three, the pair's relationship holds a steady foundation despite Eric's constant awkward antics, such as accidental sexism and pantsing Donna. However, things take a turn for the worse as Eric's offer for a promise ring is rejected by Donna and he decides that if she doesn't see a future with him they should break up. Despite it being his decision, this leads him to spiral into depression, dreaming at one point what it would be like if he had never dated Donna. He is angered on several occasions as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6197773", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Brady\"\ndistraction when his ex-girlfriend, Serena Mason, comes to Salem in the winter of 2014 to do medical research for a story that she is working on. (Eric and Serena met in Africa, while she was there on a story assignment, and they fell in love. Serena did not stand in Eric's way when he felt drawn to the priesthood, but as soon as she heard that Eric had left the priesthood, she wanted to see if there was another chance for them). Eric is happy to see her when she arrives in Salem. Their relationship moves quickly. But Serena is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10333257", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Forrester\"\nthey make love for the first time. When Taylor moves into the Forrester mansion, Brooke is determined to stop her. Eric and Taylor are happy together and Eric publicly announces his love for Taylor stating that he finally found happiness after Stephanie's death. The problems arrive when Brooke asks Eric a sacrifice: she confesses to him that she's expecting Bill Spencer's child, her sister Katie's husband, and asks Eric to pretend to be the father because she doesn't want to create another scandal, but Eric refuses because he has a committed relationship with Taylor and he doesn't want to ruin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18940731", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nof the season, Eric has been living at the Ostroff Center, a high-class mental facility. Serena frequently visits him after coming back. As well as trying to convince the doctors and her mother Lilly to let him out. They let Eric out temporarily, during the Ivy League Mixer, where he develops a friendship with Jenny Humphrey. After Blair Waldorf humiliates his sister, telling the whole school she was attending the Ostroff Center during her absence having mistakenly seeing photos of Serena entering the center, Eric tells Blair he was the one attending the mental center and shows her the scars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388504", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\npay Serena a visit. Chuck has a newfound philosophy and says \"\"yes\"\" to everything, even death defying stunts. Serena continues to work on the movie set, and is offered a full-time job at the end of the episode. Nate begins an affair with an older woman, Diana Payne, who may have an ulterior motive for being with Nate. Back in New York, Dan learns that Vanessa has published one chapter of his novel, and Blair continues to plan her wedding to Louis, and she also learns she is pregnant. After realizing she still had feelings for Chuck, Blair and Chuck", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5740478", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\ndating while Nate struggles with his feelings for Blair. Nate and Blair try to salvage their relationship, driving Blair to lose her virginity to Nate's best friend, Chuck Bass. Jenny Humphrey, Dan’s sister, is trying to fit in to the Upper East Side by following around Blair and her friends. Vanessa Abrams, Dan's best friend, returns. It is revealed that Dan had confessed his love for Vanessa in the past, but the two move beyond this as friends. It is discovered that Lily Van der Woodsen, Serena’s mother, and Rufus Humphrey, Dan’s father, have a romantic past and begin to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2935795", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Gossip Girl)\"\na text message from Blair's party asking for help. Dan and Serena turn heads as they burst in on the party and search frantically for Jenny. They find her on the roof, where an egotistical sex-addicted Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) is attempting to rape her. Dan punches Chuck and he and Serena leave in disgust, hand-in-hand with Jenny tagging along. The apparent reason for Serena's abrupt return is revealed to be her younger brother Eric (Connor Paolo), who unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide but is now living in a psychiatric institution. Not even \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" is aware of this. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10710064", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl\"\ncoming back to haunt her; Chuck and Blair's tumultuous relationship after their break up; Dan and Vanessa's deteriorating friendship; and the arrival of Serena's cousin Charlie Rhodes (Kaylee DeFer) to the Upper East Side. By the end of the season, Blair has ignored Chuck, Dan has told Vanessa they are no longer friends, and Serena is on that single grind. The first two episodes of the season took place with Serena, Blair, and Chuck in Paris. While in Paris, Blair meets Prince Louis Grimaldi, to whom she later becomes engaged at the end of the season. Taylor Momsen, who plays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215631", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nsays he bought some pills, but realizes it was stupid and promises to stop. But while he keeps that promise, when Damien calls Eric after Ben warns him away from Serena's family, Eric agrees to hang out with him. Rufus reveals in the season 5 premiere \"\"Yes, Then Zero\"\" that Jenny and Eric have moved to London to attend Saint Martins. During the episode \"\"Memoirs of an Invisible Dan\"\", it's mentioned that in Dan's semi-autobiographical novel \"\"Inside\"\" Nate and Eric's literary counterparts were meshed together. Eric returns briefly for the series finale. \"\"TV Line's\"\" Michael Ausiello had reported that Connor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10333255", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Forrester\"\nhand, there is Steffy that Liam pregnant, must wait for the choice of the latter and on the other that Thomas wants to go in Paris. Eric begins to collect Taylor's confidences and he decides to help her. In fact, Eric offers convinces Thomas to stay in Los Angeles by appointing him vice-president of Forrester Creations. Taylor is grateful to Eric and kisses him. The two spend much time together, getting closer and closer and sharing more kisses. Eric confides to Taylor the lack of intimacy between him and Stephanie, so Taylor promises to wear lingerie for him. Eric is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818105", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nassault on Jenny and says that his brother has been given too many chances to redeem himself, signaling the end of their once-close bond. When Jenny returns to the Upper East Side briefly for an interview with Tim Gunn, Eric attempts to help her make a good impression and keep her away from both Chuck and Blair. Later, he and Dan scheme against Blair and Chuck to get Jenny to come back for their parents' anniversary. The plan fails when Blair and Chuck sign a treaty and come to a truce. After Dan steals the treaty from Nate, Eric backs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4159837", "chunk_text": "\"Serena van der Woodsen\"\ncharacter in Gossip Girl. Due to a lack of promotion, the song did not garner much attention. The first season introduces Serena as the beautiful, wealthy daughter of divorced parents who returns from boarding school. Her return sparks her old rivalry with her best friend, Blair. Serena's return is due to her younger brother, Eric van der Woodsen, who attempted suicide. She is considered unwelcome, most so by her old best friend Blair, who has always seen Serena as a threat to her reign as Queen Bee of Constance. After Serena successfully reconciles with her, Chuck Bass reveals to Serena", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6197767", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Brady\"\nforgives him when she realizes he did not intend to hurt her. Eric soon realizes he is being stalked by an old schoolmate, Jed Fox. Eric had previously been accused of date rape when Jed was the actual culprit. Jed threatens to kill Sami unless Eric takes responsibility for the rape; however, Eric convinces Jed to admit to his crimes and accept his punishment. Eric later develops an infatuation with waitress, Nicole Walker. Eric begins working as a photographer for \"\"Countess Wilhelmina\"\" Cosmetics and tries to get Nicole hired as a model. Nicole and Eric eventually begin dating but the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20041671", "chunk_text": "\"Easy J\"\nassigns her minions to stake-out the Van Der Woodsen residence, in order to make sure Jenny doesn't violate the terms of her Manhattan amnesty. Dan and Eric (Connor Paolo) find it strange when Jenny declines going out to one of her favorite venues, so she explains to them the terms of the agreement she made with Blair. However, Jenny ultimately reveals to Gossip Girl to whom she lost her virginity, and after a confrontation with both Chuck and Blair, decides to leave town again. At the episode's end, Chuck visits Blair in her apartment, and, after agreeing that the circumstances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5284281", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Forman\"\nget into a good college located far away. Kitty supports Red by saying Eric's job is being her \"\"precious little baby boy.\"\" When Eric announces his marriage proposal to Red and Kitty, Red fires him from his job at PriceMart so he couldn't make the money to get married. Kitty costs him a potential job at a bank for the same reason. Red and Kitty even go so far as to revoke their offer to pay for Eric's college tuition in a final act of desperation to put a stop to the wedding but are unsuccessful. In season seven, Eric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8086024", "chunk_text": "\"Eric O'Grady\"\nSlaying Mantis, this organization offers him a job and he consents. He meets Abigail and they start dating. He leases an apartment under his new name, and with Damage Control's help, begins to establish a new identity while continuing to hide from S.H.I.E.L.D. However, as Abigail begins to fall in love with O'Grady, she reveals to him that she is a single mother with a son. This in turn triggers O'Grady dumping Abigail over keeping her son's existence a secret from him while pursuing a romantic relationship with him. Black Fox later shows up looking for the jewels. O'Grady, however,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17267061", "chunk_text": "\"Eric van der Woodsen\"\nthinks they should give the marriage a chance. Later, Eric introduces Jonathan Whitney (Matt Doyle) as his new boyfriend. They break up after Bart tells Eric that Jonathan has been cheating on him. Eric lodges Jenny secretly in the Bass-van der Woodsen penthouse and goes with her to make the paperwork to divorce her parents. Eric then discovers that Bart hired his private detective, Andrew Tyler, to do research about his, Lily's, and Serena's past. He discovers that Lily was also institutionalized at a French sanatorium and that she didn't tell him so that she could be strong for him.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18549047", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Forman\"\nrivalry is played up in many episodes (often comically, but sometimes to the point of it being problematic). In theory, she's okay with a sexual relationship between Donna and Eric (even pressing the two to discuss it with her); however, in reality, she goes into a depression after learning that Eric and Donna had sex and considers Donna a harlot who has stolen her baby boy away from her. Eric reassured Kitty that he would always need her because, \"\"[Red]'s going to be riding [his] ass for the rest of [his] life\"\". When Eric tells his parents about his plan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7785649", "chunk_text": "\"Connor Paolo\"\nConnor Paolo Connor Paolo (born July 11, 1990) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Eric van der Woodsen on The CW's teen drama series \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" and Declan Porter on the ABC drama series \"\"Revenge\"\". He has also appeared in two Oliver Stone films, \"\"Alexander\"\" (2004) and \"\"World Trade Center\"\" (2006). Paolo was born in New York City, the son of Julia Mendelsohn, a vocal coach and classical pianist, and Colin Paolo, a writer and screenwriter. Paolo is Jewish. He attended, beginning in 2006, the Professional Performing Arts School alongside Sarah Hyland, Paul Iacono and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14470279", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Pollard\"\nhouse and goes into a depression.In October 2017, Eric is left devastated following the death of his friend Finn Barton. Since 2017, after a long romance and denying there feelings for one another, Eric is in a relationship with barmaid Faith Dingle. One of Eric's most notable storylines involved his bigamous second marriage to gamekeeper Elizabeth Feldmann (played by Kate Dove), although he was not exposed as a bigamist until after Elizabeth's death in the high-profile plane crash storyline of 1993/1994. The storyline started when Eric and Elizabeth were romantically paired in 1991, much to the annoyance of Elizabeth's son,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1565179", "chunk_text": "\"New York, I Love You XOXO\"\nMeester) and the identity of Gossip Girl is revealed. A five-year flash forward takes place and shows the wedding of Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) to Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively). \"\"New York, I Love You XOXO\"\" received favorable reviews from television critics. Upon its initial airing, the finale was viewed in the United States by 1.55 million people and garnered a 0.8/2 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, registering as the season's most-watched episode. The series finale picked up where the previous episode left off, where Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Bart argue on the roof ending with Bart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13300656", "chunk_text": "\"Sweet Valley Senior Year\"\nof the earthquake. Though still a member of \"\"The Oracle\"\", she experimented with drinking and moved out of her parents' home for a while. After meeting Conner McDermott in her creative writing class, they quickly develop a strong attraction to one another, despite their initial scorn for one another. Elizabeth's life becomes increasingly tumultuous as she and Conner fall in love with one another. She dated Evan Plummer briefly after her breakup with Conner, and then Jeff French. After she breaks up with Jeff on Prom Night, Elizabeth and Conner reconcile, but ultimately decide they should not be together. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6241237", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Bass\"\nher. Eventually, his father is killed in a car accident. Lily adopts him so that he's able to own Bass Industries, making Serena and Eric his sister and brother. When Blair begins dating Nate again, Chuck realizes his true feelings for her. The two team up to take down Poppy Lifton, and Blair realizes that she still has feelings for Chuck as well. She breaks up with Nate. In the final episode of season 2, Chuck admits to Blair his true feelings and the two finally begin a relationship. When Season 3 returns, Chuck and Blair are very happy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_757	who plays unis in she's the man?	n/a	[ "Emily Perkins" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10439182", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\nKirk), is supposed to enroll in Illyria, an elite boarding school, but he secretly goes to London with his fledgling band instead. Viola agrees to cover for him and decides to pass herself off as Sebastian, in hopes of joining their boys' team and beating Cornwall to prove their coach and her cocky ex-boyfriend, Justin (Robert Hoffman), wrong. With the help of her stylist friend, Paul (Jonathan Sadowski), she is transformed into \"\"Sebastian\"\" and attends Illyria in his place. While moving in, she meets her roommate, Duke Orsino (Channing Tatum), an attractive soccer player and Illyria's team captain. During tryouts,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10439181", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\nShe's the Man She's the Man is a 2006 American romantic comedy sports film directed by Andy Fickman and starring Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, Laura Ramsey and Emily Perkins. It is inspired by William Shakespeare's play \"\"Twelfth Night\"\". The film centers on teenager Viola Hastings who enters her brother's school in his place, pretending to be a boy, in order to play with the boys' soccer team after her team gets cut at her school. Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) is a teen girl who plays for Cornwall’s soccer team until the team gets cut. Meanwhile, her twin brother, Sebastian (James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2501244", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\n28 reviews, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". She's the Man She's the Man is a 2006 American romantic comedy sports film directed by Andy Fickman and starring Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, Laura Ramsey and Emily Perkins. It is inspired by William Shakespeare's play \"\"Twelfth Night\"\". The film centers on teenager Viola Hastings who enters her brother's school in his place, pretending to be a boy, in order to play with the boys' soccer team after her team gets cut at her school. Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) is a teen girl who plays for Cornwall’s soccer team until the team gets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10439183", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\nViola fails to impress Coach Dinklage (Vinnie Jones) and is assigned to second string, much to her dismay. Her teammates, including Duke, initially dislike \"\"Sebastian\"\" due to his awkward and strange behavior. However, with help from Paul once again, they begin to accept him into their social circle. \"\"Sebastian\"\" then gets the popular and pretty Olivia (Laura Ramsey) as his lab partner, which frustrates Duke, as he has feelings for her. \"\"Sebastian\"\" agrees to put in a good word for Duke if he promises to train him to be a better soccer player. Coach Dinklage eventually notices \"\"Sebastian's\"\" effort and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17143023", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Ramsey\"\nLaura Ramsey Laura Ramsey (born November 14, 1982) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her roles in films such as 2006's \"\"She's the Man\"\", 2008's \"\"The Ruins\"\", 2009's \"\"Middle Men\"\", 2011's \"\"Kill the Irishman\"\", and 2014's \"\"Are You Here\"\". Ramsey was born in Brandon, Wisconsin, the daughter of Jill and Mark Ramsey. She graduated from Laconia High School in Rosendale, Wisconsin in 2001 and then attended Ripon College in Ripon, Wisconsin. Ramsey was spotted while working in a restaurant on Sunset Boulevard and got an audition the next day, for a role she won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15405970", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\ninformation so as to be better parents towards their children. She invites Duke to her debutante ball, with an invitation delivered by Sebastian, now Duke's roommate. Still hurt, Duke doesn't respond to Viola's invitation, which devastates her. At the ball, Viola is skeptical that Duke will show up; she distracts herself by assisting Olivia, who is being escorted by Sebastian to the ball, and is touched when Paul asks to be her date. Her mother shows up with a dress that will suit Viola's \"\"no ruffles\"\" policy, but Viola decides to go for a walk instead. She runs into Duke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2501242", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\noutside, who tells her that he has feelings for her, but that he doesn't want there to be any more deception on her part; Viola promises to be honest with him. Later, Monique is escorted by Justin, Olivia is escorted by Sebastian, and Viola and Duke enter the stage late, but together, with Viola in her new dress, much to the joy of her mother. Viola and Duke share a kiss before joining the crowd. At the end of the film, Viola and Duke are shown happily playing on Illyria's soccer team together. The film opened at #4 at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881580", "chunk_text": "\"He's a Woman, She's a Man\"\ngirl who deeply idolizes Rose (Carina Lau), a pop singer, and Rose's boyfriend, top record producer and songwriter Sam (Leslie Cheung). Rose has been groomed by Sam, achieving stardom and international acclaim. With her success, Sam decides to try his hand at bringing up a male singer. He decides to announce a country-wide, males-only talent search, much to his former protegée's chagrin. Wing, desperate to meet her idols, seizes this opportunity and enters the contest disguised as a male. Her childhood friend (Jordan Chan) trains her to perfect this whimsical idea. As fate would have it, Wing succeeds in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14425504", "chunk_text": "\"Paula Prentiss\"\nPaula Prentiss Paula Prentiss (born Paula Ragusa; March 4, 1938) is an American actress best known for her film roles in \"\"Where the Boys Are\"\", \"\"Man's Favorite Sport?\"\", \"\"The Stepford Wives\"\", \"\"What's New Pussycat?\"\", \"\"In Harm's Way\"\", \"\"The Black Marble\"\", and \"\"The Parallax View\"\", and the cult television series \"\"He & She\"\". Prentiss was born Paula Ragusa in San Antonio, Texas, the daughter of Paulene (née Gardner) and Thomas J. Ragusa, a Social Sciences professor at San Antonio's University of the Incarnate Word, who was of Sicilian descent. Before high school, Paula, who grew to , was always the tallest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11689781", "chunk_text": "\"She's the One (1996 film)\"\nShe's the One (1996 film) She's the One is a 1996 American romantic comedy film written and directed by New York actor and director Edward Burns. It stars Jennifer Aniston and Cameron Diaz. The film is one of Tom Petty's few movie soundtracks, and is named after the Bruce Springsteen song of the same name. Irish Catholic Mickey Fitzpatrick is a New York City taxi driver, unhappy over an act of infidelity committed by Heather, his ex-fiancée. His brother, Francis, is a Wall Street stock investor married to Renee, though she is frustrated by his lack of desire for sexual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10342473", "chunk_text": "\"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!\"\nenthusiastically with Twain's recording (from the female narrative), much to the discomfort of his friends. It also appeared to comedic effect in an episode of \"\"Limmy's Show\"\", in which Limmy aka Brian Limond plays a woman dressed in leopard print halter top and leather skirt, attempting to corral the viewer into declaring \"\"Let's Go Girls!\"\" following the song's opening riff. On the third attempt, the camera appears to accelerate towards this character, striking her and propelling her across the Glasgow skyline. The woman finally falls to the ground after colliding with a tall building, revealing in the process that she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20617481", "chunk_text": "\"Laurel Hester\"\nAward for Best Documentary (Short Subject) and the feature film \"\"Freeheld\"\" (2015), in which Hester is portrayed by Julianne Moore. The LEAGUE Foundation, which provides financial resources for American LGBT high school seniors entering their first year of institutions of higher learning, has awarded the Laurel Hester Memorial Scholarship annually since 2006. The Gay Officers Action League (GOAL) of New York awards the Laurel Hester Award. In February 2016, Stockton University's Board of Trustees presented the original GPU charter (of which Hester co-founded) to its renamed student club, \"\"Pride Alliance\"\". This framed historical document now hangs in the Women's, Gender", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "185903", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Boyd\"\nLynda Boyd Lynda Boyd (born January 28, 1965) is a Canadian actress, singer, dancer, musician, and writer. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the Hollywood films \"\"Final Destination 2\"\" (2003), \"\"An Unfinished Life\"\" (2005), \"\"She's the Man\"\" (2006), and \"\"On Thin Ice\"\", with Diane Keaton. She had minor roles in \"\"I Spy\"\" (2002), \"\"About A Girl\"\" (2007/08), \"\"\"\" (2006), and \"\"Intern Academy\"\" (2004). She was also the voice of Cologne in \"\"Ranma 1/2\"\", and the voice of Viv the bunny on the Sunbow cartoon series \"\"Littlest Pet Shop\"\". She played the lead role for four seasons in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "185900", "chunk_text": "\"Lynda Boyd\"\nLynda Boyd Lynda Boyd (born January 28, 1965) is a Canadian actress, singer, dancer, musician, and writer. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the Hollywood films \"\"Final Destination 2\"\" (2003), \"\"An Unfinished Life\"\" (2005), \"\"She's the Man\"\" (2006), and \"\"On Thin Ice\"\", with Diane Keaton. She had minor roles in \"\"I Spy\"\" (2002), \"\"About A Girl\"\" (2007/08), \"\"\"\" (2006), and \"\"Intern Academy\"\" (2004). She was also the voice of Cologne in \"\"Ranma 1/2\"\", and the voice of Viv the bunny on the Sunbow cartoon series \"\"Littlest Pet Shop\"\". She played the lead role for four seasons in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760650", "chunk_text": "\"Gabrielle Union\"\nGabrielle Union Gabrielle Monique Union-Wade (born October 29, 1972) is an American actress, activist, and author. She began her career in the 1990s, appearing on television sitcoms, before landing supporting roles in teenage comedic films \"\"She's All That\"\" and \"\"10 Things I Hate About You\"\" (1999). Her breakthrough role was in the 2000 film \"\"Bring It On\"\". Union is also known for her performances in the romantic comedy films \"\"The Brothers\"\" (2001), \"\"Deliver Us from Eva\"\" (2003), \"\"Daddy's Little Girls\"\" (2007), \"\"Think Like a Man\"\" (2012) and \"\"Think Like a Man Too\"\" (2014). She also had starring roles in CBS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881579", "chunk_text": "\"He's a Woman, She's a Man\"\nHe's a Woman, She's a Man He's a Woman, She's a Man (金枝玉葉) is a 1994 Hong Kong romantic comedy film co-written and directed by Peter Chan and starring Leslie Cheung, Anita Yuen, Carina Lau, Eric Tsang and Jordan Chan. Its many awards garnered include Best Actress at the 14th Hong Kong Film Awards for Yuen and Best Original Song for 'Chase' by Cheung. The film was followed by a sequel, \"\"Who's the Woman, Who's the Man?\"\", released in 1996. The theme song is 'Chase' (追) was recorded in Cheung's 1995 album, \"\"Most Beloved\"\". Wing (Anita Yuen) is a sassy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9595042", "chunk_text": "\"Helen Latham\"\nHelen Latham Helen Latham (born 2 March 1976, in the UK) is a British actress. She is best known for playing Lucy Milligan in series 4 and 5 of the British TV drama \"\"Footballers' Wives\"\" and in series 1 and 2 of its spin-off \"\"\"\". She has also appeared in many other popular UK television shows, including \"\"The Bill\"\" (Christine Weaver), Brookside (Jayne Ferris), Cutting It (Shania Tonks), Dalziel and Pascoe (Sally Craig), \"\"Dream Team\"\" (Natalie Hocknell) as well as the film \"\"Sex Lives of the Potato Men\"\". Starred as Dinah in the roller-skating musical \"\"Starlight Express\"\" and is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18346196", "chunk_text": "\"Maxine Bahns\"\nMaxine Bahns Maxine Lee Bahns (born February 28, 1971) is an American actress, triathlete, and model. She is best known for roles in the films \"\"The Brothers McMullen\"\" and \"\"She's the One\"\", appearing in both as the love interest of her then-boyfriend, Edward Burns, who directed both films. She also appeared, uncredited, as the murdered wife of the protagonist of the television show \"\"The Mentalist\"\". Bahns was born in Vermont, but the family later moved to Long Island. Her father is German-American and her mother was born in Hong Kong of mixed Chinese and Brazilian descent. She has one sister,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2553099", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandra Breckenridge\"\n2017, she announced that they were expecting their second child; their daughter was born in December 2017. Breckenridge has several tattoos, which get covered by make-up for her on-screen projects, but not during photoshoots. She has said about them, \"\"We cover them up. Some make-up artists are better than others, but there's airbrushing, and there's a sort of latex waterproof paint, body paint obviously.\"\" Alexandra Breckenridge Alexandra Hetherington Breckenridge (born May 15, 1982) is an American actress. She began her career with supporting roles in the teen comedy films \"\"Big Fat Liar\"\" (2002) and \"\"She's the Man\"\" (2006). She later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3815872", "chunk_text": "\"The Man (Aloe Blacc song)\"\nmarches aka \"\"Bloody Sunday\"\" <br> 4:18---- 1968 Olympics Black Power salute (back, right corner) The song was also featured in the end credits of the film \"\"Brick Mansions\"\", released in 2014. The film was dedicated to the late actor \"\"Paul Walker\"\"'s memory. In December 2013, \"\"The Man\"\" was used as the backdrop for a series of Beats by Dre commercials promoting the company's \"\"Hear What You Want\"\" campaign, which featured several notable sports personalities, including NFL players Richard Sherman of the Seattle Seahawks and Colin Kaepernick of the San Francisco 49ers, NBA player Kevin Garnett of the Brooklyn Nets, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18803915", "chunk_text": "\"Carly Steel\"\nCarly Steel Carly Steel is a British television presenter, actress and producer. Steel hosts CBS's \"\"Entertainment Tonight\"\", \"\"The Insider\"\" and TV Guide Network. She has appeared in several feature films including \"\"Unstoppable\"\" and \"\"Mortdecai\"\", and has made television appearances such as on ABC's \"\"Castle\"\", CBS's \"\"We Are Men\"\", \"\"The Exes\"\", \"\"Hand of God\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Steel was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland and pursued her law degree at Durham University, earning a First Class Honors degree. Steel graduated from Durham at the age of 20 and moved to New York to work at \"\"Vogue\"\". She then relocated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11911430", "chunk_text": "\"Today You Are a Man\"\ndecides to switch to \"\"The Suze Orman Show\"\" and provides the \"\"TGS\"\" crew with an inadequate new page named Hazel Wassername (Kristen Schaal). However, Kenneth ends up speaking with Suze Orman, who explains to him that the reason his \"\"TGS\"\" friends don't view him as an equal is because he doesn't earn as much as them. Elsewhere, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) and Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) are hired by their accountant as entertainment for his son's bar mitzvah, only to be forced to act as Transformers to appease the boy (Nicholas Dayton). The pair come to realize that the boy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9646758", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\nplaying his sister's game instead. At half-time, Viola explains the situation to Sebastian and they switch places again. Duke, still furious at \"\"Sebastian\"\", refuses to cooperate with him on the field. Determined to makes amends with Duke, \"\"Sebastian\"\" explains that he is actually Viola. Illyria wins the game when Viola scores a goal, finally humiliating Justin and the rest of the Cornwall boys. Everyone at Illyria celebrates their victory over Cornwall, except for Duke who is hurt about Viola's deception. Viola introduces Sebastian and Olivia officially, and they begin dating. Viola and Sebastian's divorced parents also make up, exchanging contact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3815873", "chunk_text": "\"The Man (Aloe Blacc song)\"\nChelsea FC football player Cesc Fabregas, wearing Beats headphones to block out the sound of heckling from disgruntled fans. The song was used extensively at the 2014 NFL Draft, being played 108 times over the course of the three-day event. MLB also used the song for its ads for the 2014 MLB All-Star Game. The ad shows different highlights and celebrations of possible All-Stars for 2014. !scope=\"\"col\"\" colspan=\"\"3\"\"\| Streaming The Man (Aloe Blacc song) \"\"The Man\"\" is a song by American vocalist Aloe Blacc. First included on his EP \"\"Wake Me Up\"\", the song was later released as the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "365155", "chunk_text": "\"Melanie Barnett\"\nMelanie Barnett Melanie Barnett-Davis is a fictional character, portrayed by actress Tia Mowry, who appears in the American sitcom \"\"The Game\"\", which aired on the CW Television Network and BET from 2006 to 2015. Introduced in a backdoor pilot on the sitcom \"\"Girlfriends\"\" as the cousin of Joan Clayton (Tracee Ellis Ross), Melanie chooses to support her boyfriend Derwin Davis' (Pooch Hall) career with the San Diego Sabres, a fictional National Football League (NFL) team, rather than attend medical school at Johns Hopkins University. The series focuses primarily on Melanie and Derwin's complicated relationship, with her fears of his infidelity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10121355", "chunk_text": "\"Britt Lower\"\nBritt Lower Brittney Leigh Lower (born August 2, 1985) is an American actress known for her role as Liz in \"\"Man Seeking Woman\"\" and Tanya Sitkowsky in \"\"Unforgettable\"\". Lower was born to Steven Lower and face painting artist Mickey Lower, in Heyworth, Illinois. Lower earned a Bachelor of Science in Communication from Northwestern University in 2008. Lower has also worked with Upright Citizens Brigade and ImprovOlympic. One of Lower's first two recurring roles was as technology expert Tanya Sitkowsky in the 2011 series, \"\"Unforgettable\"\". In 2015, she began what's considered her breakout role in the FXX comedy series \"\"Man Seeking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16354794", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Menounos\"\nwhere she played a nurse who is romanced by the Human Torch, played by Chris Evans. Her likeness and voice was featured in the 2005 Electronic Arts video game \"\"\"\" as Eva Adara, Red Grant's henchwoman, which stars Sean Connery as James Bond. She is also the spokesperson for Pantene hair products. Menounos presented the 2006 \"\"Eurovision Song Contest\"\" (along with Greek singer Sakis Rouvas) which took place in Athens. Menounos also directed \"\"Longtime Listener\"\" starring Wilmer Valderrama. The film was an official selection of the Tribeca Film Festival 2006. Menounos acted in and produced \"\"Adventures of Serial Buddies\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2085358", "chunk_text": "\"No Man's Woman (song)\"\na song that honors man. It's interesting how people think if you reject men sexually, that this means you're somehow rejecting them entirely. But in fact, sometimes it's easier to be intimate with men when there isn't that threat of sexuality or whatever\"\". \"\"No Man's Woman\"\" was used on the pilot of TV series \"\"Alias\"\" in 2001, Sydney Bristow (played by Jennifer Garner) escapes with a prototype, and delivers it to Arvin Sloane (played by Ron Rifkin). No Man's Woman (song) \"\"No Man's Woman\"\" is a song recorded by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor for her fifth studio album \"\"Faith and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9001940", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of the Sexes (2017 film)\"\nslow start, King wins the match and Riggs reunites with his wife. The project and its two leads were announced in April 2015. Brie Larson was, for a brief period, set to replace Stone due to scheduling conflicts, but these were cleared up. On March 3, 2016, Andrea Riseborough was cast to play Marilyn Barnett, King's hairdresser and lover. Later that month, three more were cast in the film, Elisabeth Shue as Riggs' wife; Austin Stowell as Larry King, Billie Jean's husband; and Sarah Silverman as Gladys Heldman, the founder of \"\"World Tennis\"\" magazine. Four actors joined the cast in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15096271", "chunk_text": "\"Leslie Mann\"\nLeslie Mann Leslie Mann (born March 26, 1972) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for her roles in such films as \"\"The Cable Guy\"\" (1996), \"\"George of the Jungle\"\" (1997), \"\"Big Daddy\"\" (1999), \"\"Timecode\"\" (2000), \"\"Perfume\"\" (2001), \"\"Stealing Harvard\"\" (2002), \"\"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\"\" (2005), \"\"Knocked Up\"\" (2007), \"\"17 Again\"\" (2009), \"\"Funny People\"\" (2009), \"\"I Love You Phillip Morris\"\" (2009), \"\"Rio\"\" (2011), \"\" The Change-Up\"\" (2011), \"\"This Is 40\"\" (2012), \"\"The Bling Ring\"\" (2013), \"\"The Other Woman\"\" (2014), \"\"Vacation\"\" (2015), \"\"How to Be Single\"\" (2016), and \"\"Blockers\"\" (2018). Mann was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8413505", "chunk_text": "\"Hey Sexy Lady\"\nfound together on a separate EP. One can be found on the Yahoo!'s LAUNCHcast with the instrumentals. Robert Bassam, founder and CEO of Easterns Automotive Group, made a commercial for his dealerships called Eastern Motors, based in the DMV area, which used an instrumental version of the song featuring athletes and celebrities such as; LaVar Arrington, Brendan Haywood, Clinton Portis, and Carmelo Anthony. The song was featured in the 2006 film \"\"She's the Man\"\" and it was also appeared after the mirage scene in the film Kangaroo Jack. Hey Sexy Lady \"\"Hey Sexy Lady\"\" is a song recorded by Jamaican-American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11295915", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte Newhouse\"\n\"\"Sensitive Guys\"\", directed by Jason Farrand. Charlotte Newhouse Charlotte Newhouse is an actress and writer, known for \"\"\"\" (2012), \"\"The Man That I Was\"\" (2010) and \"\"Celebrity Impression\"\" (2010). In January 2016, Comedy Central debuted a new series, \"\"Idiotsitter\"\", in which Newhouse portrays Harvard graduate Wilhelmina \"\"Billie\"\" Brown, who is hired by wealthy, negligent parents to supervise their incorrigible grown daughter, Gene (Jillian Bell), who is serving time under house arrest. \"\"Idiotsitter\"\" was launched as a web series in early 2014, before being picked up in June 2014 by Comedy Central for network airing. In 2015 she played the lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12323145", "chunk_text": "\"She (1965 film)\"\nShe (1965 film) She is a 1965 British Metrocolor film made by Hammer Film Productions in CinemaScope, based on by H. Rider Haggard. It was directed by Robert Day and stars Ursula Andress, Peter Cushing, Bernard Cribbins, John Richardson, Rosenda Monteros and Christopher Lee. The film was an international success and led to a 1968 sequel, \"\"The Vengeance of She\"\", with Olinka Berova in the title role. After receiving honourable discharges from the British Army in Palestine in 1918, Professor Holly (Peter Cushing), young Leo Vincey (John Richardson) and their orderly Job (Bernard Cribbins) embark on an expedition into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2501243", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\nNorth American box office making $10.7 million USD in its opening weekend. Its budget was approximately $20,000,000. \"\"She's the Man\"\" grossed a total of $33.7 million domestically with a total gross of $57.2 million worldwide. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave \"\"She's the Man\"\" a rating of 43%, based on 109 reviews. The critical consensus reads, \"\"Shakespeare's wit gets lost in translation with \"\"She's the Man\"\"'s broad slapstick, predictable jokes, and unconvincing plotline.\"\" Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has a rating score of 45 out of 100 based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371083", "chunk_text": "\"Deborah Nadoolman Landis\"\nearned her Ph.D. in history of design from the Royal College of Art in London. She has created iconic costumes throughout her career, such as the fedora and jacket of Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford), the \"\"college\"\" sweatshirt worn by John \"\"Bluto\"\" Blutarsky (John Belushi), and Michael Jackson's red jacket in \"\"Thriller\"\". In addition to many Drama-Logue Awards for her theater designs, she was nominated for an Academy Award in 1988 for \"\"Coming to America\"\". After receiving her doctorate, Landis wrote and edited a number of books including: \"\"Hollywood Sketchbook: A Century of Costume Illustration\"\" (Harper Collins, 2012), \"\"FilmCraft: Costume Design\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13857106", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Man\"\nhis interest in Viola. When Viola finds out the truth, she encourages Olivia to tell \"\"Sebastian\"\" directly about her feelings. The situation becomes even more complicated when the real Sebastian returns from London a day early, unbeknownst to Viola. As soon as he arrives at Illyria, Olivia confesses her feelings and kisses him. Duke, seeing this, believes his roommate has betrayed him. When \"\"Sebastian\"\" returns to their room, the two have an argument and Duke kicks him out. Viola oversleeps and misses the first half of the game, while the real Sebastian is mistaken for \"\"Sebastian\"\" and winds up poorly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443375", "chunk_text": "\"Courtney Jines\"\nepisode \"\"Today I Am a Man.\"\" In 2005, she starred as Bridget Byrne in \"\"Silver Bells\"\". Jines also had the recurring role of Heidi on \"\"The War at Home\"\". In 2015 Courtney won a fellowship with Sundance Institute's Ignite Program, making her one of two female directors selected. Courtney Jines Courtney Elizabeth Jines (born May 4, 1992) is an American actress, producer and screenwriter. She is best known for her roles as Demetra in \"\"\"\" and Amanda Wilkinson in \"\"Because of Winn-Dixie\"\". In 2012 Courtney founded her own production company called Moonflower Pictures. Jines was born in Fairfax, Virginia. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13056889", "chunk_text": "\"Melanie Barnett\"\nin the 2007 Teen Choice Awards. Melanie Barnett Melanie Barnett-Davis is a fictional character, portrayed by actress Tia Mowry, who appears in the American sitcom \"\"The Game\"\", which aired on the CW Television Network and BET from 2006 to 2015. Introduced in a backdoor pilot on the sitcom \"\"Girlfriends\"\" as the cousin of Joan Clayton (Tracee Ellis Ross), Melanie chooses to support her boyfriend Derwin Davis' (Pooch Hall) career with the San Diego Sabres, a fictional National Football League (NFL) team, rather than attend medical school at Johns Hopkins University. The series focuses primarily on Melanie and Derwin's complicated relationship,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5231159", "chunk_text": "\"Honor Blackman\"\nfigure, but she did damn all for empowering women. She didn’t surround herself with any women whatsoever or encourage women to come into politics or do anything in particular. She could have been a quite wonderful role model.\"\" Honor Blackman Honor Blackman (born 22 August 1925) is an English actress, widely known for the roles of Cathy Gale in \"\"The Avengers\"\" (1962–64), Bond girl Pussy Galore in \"\"Goldfinger\"\" (1964), Julia Daggett in \"\"Shalako\"\" (1968) and Hera in \"\"Jason and the Argonauts\"\" (1963). She is also notable for her role as Laura West in the ITV sitcom \"\"The Upper Hand\"\" (1990–1996).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13635603", "chunk_text": "\"Rachel Brown\"\nthe Summer Olympics, while in America for coaching. Brown is inspired by the dedication of her friend, gymnast Beth Tweddle. She married professional golfer Ian Finnis in January 2013. Injuries sustained by Brown include a dislocated finger, having her front teeth kicked out and several knee injuries besides her torn cruciate ligament. She is the possessor of \"\"man hands\"\" – large enough to pick up a football with one hand. She has often been photographed to promote women's football. Rachel Brown Rachel Laura Brown (born 2 July 1980) is an English former football goalkeeper who played for Liverpool Ladies from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16217891", "chunk_text": "\"The End of Twerk\"\nPuckerman (Jacob Artist) and Kitty Wilde (Becca Tobin) to teach the dance to the rest of the group. Meanwhile, Wade \"\"Unique\"\" Adams is caught using the girls' bathroom by Bree (Erinn Westbrook), and is forced to use the boys' bathroom from then on. In New York, Rachel Berry (Lea Michele) rehearses \"\"You Are Woman, I Am Man\"\" from \"\"Funny Girl\"\" with her co-star, Paolo San Pablo (Ioan Gruffud), and surprises the director, Rupert Campion (Peter Facinelli), by wearing a wig during the performance, which he agrees fits the character. Rachel later tells Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) how it was positive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10342456", "chunk_text": "\"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!\"\nand it pays homage to Robert Palmer's \"\"Addicted to Love\"\" and Tone Lōc's \"\"Wild Thing\"\" music videos, featuring Twain dancing with buffed and blank-eyed male models. The song was the opening song on both Twain's Come On Over Tour and the Up! Tour as well as Twain's headline on the Super Bowl XXXVII Halftime show. It was also used to comic effect in a 2004 Chevrolet Colorado TV commercial, as well as being on the soundtrack of Brazilian telenovela \"\"Laços de Família\"\". The song was also performed by \"\"American Idol\"\" winner Carrie Underwood during the fourth season, and by Britney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2207194", "chunk_text": "\"Janice Man\"\nJanice Man Janice Man (born December 29, 1988) is a Hong Kong actress and fashion model. Janice Man is an actress and fashion model from Hong Kong and has played leading roles in several Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong movies and TV series, including \"\"The Graduation Song\"\", \"\"The Legend of Zu\"\", \"\"Helios\"\", \"\"Cold War 2\"\", \"\"Nightfall\"\" and \"\"The Midnight After\"\". Janice Man was discovered by talent seekers on the streets of Hong Kong, and became a professional model since the age of 14. Her modeling career took a sharp turn upwards in 2007 when she participated in television series such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18080570", "chunk_text": "\"Carly Steel\"\nMen\"\" and \"\"Extant\"\", and starred in the feature films \"\"Mortdecai\"\", \"\"Dumbbells\"\", \"\"The Brits Are Coming\"\" and \"\"Zoe Gone\"\", released on Lifetime. Carly Steel Carly Steel is a British television presenter, actress and producer. Steel hosts CBS's \"\"Entertainment Tonight\"\", \"\"The Insider\"\" and TV Guide Network. She has appeared in several feature films including \"\"Unstoppable\"\" and \"\"Mortdecai\"\", and has made television appearances such as on ABC's \"\"Castle\"\", CBS's \"\"We Are Men\"\", \"\"The Exes\"\", \"\"Hand of God\"\" and \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". Steel was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland and pursued her law degree at Durham University, earning a First Class Honors degree.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10121356", "chunk_text": "\"Britt Lower\"\nWoman\"\". She portrays Liz Greenberg, the sister of the main protagonist Josh Greenberg. It was her first role as a main cast member of a TV series. Lower was signed for a recurring role in the Hulu original series \"\"Casual\"\" in season 2, as Sarah Finn. She has also appeared in commercials for Verizon. Britt Lower Brittney Leigh Lower (born August 2, 1985) is an American actress known for her role as Liz in \"\"Man Seeking Woman\"\" and Tanya Sitkowsky in \"\"Unforgettable\"\". Lower was born to Steven Lower and face painting artist Mickey Lower, in Heyworth, Illinois. Lower earned a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15068989", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte Newhouse\"\nCharlotte Newhouse Charlotte Newhouse is an actress and writer, known for \"\"\"\" (2012), \"\"The Man That I Was\"\" (2010) and \"\"Celebrity Impression\"\" (2010). In January 2016, Comedy Central debuted a new series, \"\"Idiotsitter\"\", in which Newhouse portrays Harvard graduate Wilhelmina \"\"Billie\"\" Brown, who is hired by wealthy, negligent parents to supervise their incorrigible grown daughter, Gene (Jillian Bell), who is serving time under house arrest. \"\"Idiotsitter\"\" was launched as a web series in early 2014, before being picked up in June 2014 by Comedy Central for network airing. In 2015 she played the lead role of Mackenzie in the comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10342472", "chunk_text": "\"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!\"\nin a montage showing clips of women. The song was part of the soundtrack of Brazilian successful telenovela \"\"Laços de Família\"\". American recording artist Britney Spears and actresses Zoe Saldana and Taryn Manning sang along to the track during Spears' first movie \"\"Crossroads\"\" (2002). In that same year, it was performed by Molly Shannon in the form of a Christmas spoof in \"\"The Santa Clause 2\"\". It was used to comic effect in a 2004 Chevrolet Colorado TV commercial, in which a group of men are traveling in one of the vehicles, and one of them begins singing along very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20474936", "chunk_text": "\"Honor Blackman\"\nHonor Blackman Honor Blackman (born 22 August 1925) is an English actress, widely known for the roles of Cathy Gale in \"\"The Avengers\"\" (1962–64), Bond girl Pussy Galore in \"\"Goldfinger\"\" (1964), Julia Daggett in \"\"Shalako\"\" (1968) and Hera in \"\"Jason and the Argonauts\"\" (1963). She is also notable for her role as Laura West in the ITV sitcom \"\"The Upper Hand\"\" (1990–1996). Blackman was born in Plaistow. Her father, Frederick Blackman, was a civil service statistician. She attended North Ealing Primary School and Ealing County Grammar School for Girls. For her 15th birthday, her parents gave her acting lessons and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12232818", "chunk_text": "\"She's the One (1996 film)\"\nEdward Burns\"\" ($70), a DVD set which included \"\"The Brothers McMullen\"\" (1995), \"\"She's the One\"\" and \"\"No Looking Back\"\" (1998).\"\" She's the One (1996 film) She's the One is a 1996 American romantic comedy film written and directed by New York actor and director Edward Burns. It stars Jennifer Aniston and Cameron Diaz. The film is one of Tom Petty's few movie soundtracks, and is named after the Bruce Springsteen song of the same name. Irish Catholic Mickey Fitzpatrick is a New York City taxi driver, unhappy over an act of infidelity committed by Heather, his ex-fiancée. His brother, Francis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11282731", "chunk_text": "\"The Other Woman (2014 film)\"\nin talks for the lead role. Diaz's representative also revealed that actress Kristen Wiig was under consideration for the wife role. In March 2013, Leslie Mann and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau were in talks to join the film, and Diaz was confirmed for her role. The following month, Kate Upton, Taylor Kinney, and Nicki Minaj, in her feature film debut, joined the film. Don Johnson was cast in June as Diaz's character's father. In March 2013, the shooting was set to begin late-spring or early summer 2013 in New York City. Later it was told that the production would begin in May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_758	who played booster in jingle all the way?	n/a	[ "Curtis Armstrong" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256436", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nJingle All the Way Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American family comedy film directed by Brian Levant and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to get a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve. Inspired by real-life Christmas toy sell-outs for products such as the Cabbage Patch Kids and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, the film was written by Randy Kornfield. Producer Chris Columbus rewrote the script, adding in elements of satire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15030695", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\ncharacters returned. The lead roles were instead played by Larry the Cable Guy and Santino Marella. Jingle All the Way Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American family comedy film directed by Brian Levant and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to get a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve. Inspired by real-life Christmas toy sell-outs for products such as the Cabbage Patch Kids and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11391706", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way 2\"\nJingle All the Way 2 Jingle All the Way 2 is a 2014 American Christmas comedy film directed by Alex Zamm. It stars Larry the Cable Guy and Santino Marella. It is the stand-alone sequel to the 1996 comedy film \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. The film is produced by 20th Century Fox and WWE Studios, the motion picture division of WWE, and was distributed straight-to-video by Fox on December 2, 2014. On-air promotion from WWE occurred on their weekly episodic events. Truck driver Larry Phillips competes with the current husband of his ex-wife, the wealthy businessman Victor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256437", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nabout the commercialization of Christmas, and the project was picked up by 20th Century Fox. Delays on Fox's reboot of \"\"Planet of the Apes\"\" allowed Schwarzenegger to come on board the film, while Columbus opted to cast Sinbad ahead of Joe Pesci as Myron. \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" was set and filmed in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul at a variety of locations, including the Mall of America. After five weeks filming, production moved to California where scenes such as the end parade were shot. The film's swift production meant merchandising was limited to a replica of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761131", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nalso exited that project to work on \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\". The film marks Schwarzenegger's fourth appearance as the lead in a comedy film, following \"\"Twins\"\" (1988), \"\"Kindergarten Cop\"\" (1990) and \"\"Junior\"\" (1994). Schwarzenegger was paid a reported $20 million for the role. He enjoyed the film, having experienced last-minute Christmas shopping himself, and was attracted to playing an \"\"ordinary\"\" character in a family film. Columbus initially wanted Joe Pesci to play Myron. Comedian Sinbad was chosen instead, partly due to his similar height and size to Schwarzenegger. Sinbad was suggested for the part by Schwarzenegger's agent, but the producers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15030121", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nbut finds that every store has sold out, and in the process develops a rivalry with Myron Larabee, a postal worker father with the same ambition. In desperation, Howard attempts to buy a figure from a counterfeit toy band, which results in a massive fight in the warehouse that is broken up when the police arrive. Howard narrowly escapes arrest by posing as an undercover officer. Exhausted at his failure and out of fuel, Howard goes to Mickey's Diner and calls home, intending to tell his wife the truth. Jamie answers the phone and, instead of getting Liz, keeps reminding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030932", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nDJ tells them that the competition was actually for a Turbo-Man gift certificate. The police are alerted, but Howard and Myron escape after Myron threatens the officers with a letter bomb, which one officer sets off by accident. Howard returns home to find Ted putting the star on his Christmas tree. In retaliation, Howard attempts to steal the Turbo-Man doll Ted bought for his son, Johnny, but is caught in the act and left alone while his family go to the Christmas parade with Ted. After letting the kids out of the car, Ted attempts to seduce Liz, but she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12031447", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nto look \"\"authentic, as if they all sprang from the same well.\"\" Along with Columbus and Levant, production designer Leslie McDonald and character designer Tim Flattery crafted Turbo-Man, Booster and Dementor and helped make the full-size Turbo-Man suit for the film's climax. Principal production finished in August; Columbus \"\"fine-tun[ed] the picture until the last possible minute,\"\" using multiple test audiences \"\"to see where the big laughs actually lie.\"\" TVT Records released the film's soundtrack album on Audio CD on November 26, 1996. It features only two of composer David Newman's pieces from \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\", but features many of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030935", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nThe film draws inspiration from the high demand for Christmas toys such as the Cabbage Patch Kids and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which often led to intense searching and occasional violence amongst shoppers. Randy Kornfield wrote the film's original screenplay after witnessing his in-laws go to a Santa Monica toy store at dawn in order to get his son a Power Ranger. While admitting to missing the clamor for the Cabbage Patch Kids and Power Rangers, producer Chris Columbus experienced a similar situation in 1995 when he attempted to obtain a Buzz Lightyear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030933", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nviolently rejects him by hitting him with a thermos of eggnog. Remembering his promise to Jamie to go to the parade, Howard decides to attend as well, but runs into the officer from the radio station. The ensuing chase leads to Howard hiding inside a storage room, where he is mistaken for the actor portraying Turbo-Man and dressed in the costume. As Turbo-Man, Howard uses his chance to present a limited-edition action figure to Jamie, but before he can reveal himself, they are confronted by Myron, dressed as Turbo-Man's enemy, Dementor. Despite Howard's pleas for Myron to stop, a long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761689", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nviolence over dialogue and plot.\"\" Kevin Carr of 7M Pictures concluded that while the film is not very good, as a form of family entertainment it is \"\"surprisingly fun.\"\" Brian Levant was nominated for the Razzie Award for Worst Director, but lost to Andrew Bergman for \"\"Striptease\"\"; Sinbad, however, won the Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor in a Family film. In 1998, Murray Hill Publishing sued 20th Century Fox for $150,000, claiming that the idea for the film was stolen from a screenplay they had purchased from high school teacher Brian Webster entitled \"\"Could This Be Christmas?\"\". They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761130", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nand son ... it's a story about love, and a father's journey to deliver it in the form of a Turbo Man doll. The fact that I got to design a toy line and do the commercials and make pajamas and comic books was fun for me as a filmmaker. But at its root, the movie's about something really sweet. It's about love and building a better family. I think that's consistent with everything I've done.\"\" Arnold Schwarzenegger was quickly cast. He became available in February 1996 after Fox's remake of \"\"Planet of the Apes\"\" was held up again; Columbus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3695598", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way (2011 film)\"\na wise cardinal and the sound of jingle bells, Jingle receives the help he needs from Santa just in time for Christmas morning. The sequel, \"\"Jingle and Bell's Christmas Star\"\", was released on Hallmark Channel November 23, 2012, and features a rendition of the song \"\"Jingle Bells\"\" performed by country music star Keith Urban. Jingle All the Way (2011 film) Jingle All the Way is a 2011 American stop motion animated children's television special produced for Hallmark Channel, directed by Chel White and produced at Bent Image Lab. In reviewing the 2011 television holiday special programs, Mike Hale of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256439", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nHartman to be released during his lifetime. Workaholic mattress salesman Howard Langston loves his wife, Liz, and nine-year-old son, Jamie, but is unable to find time for his family and often put in a bad light by his neighbor, divorcé Ted Maltin, who harbors unrequited feelings for Liz. After missing Jamie's Karate class graduation, Howard resolves to redeem himself by fulfilling Jamie's Christmas wish of an action figure of Turbo-Man, a popular television superhero, despite Liz actually having asked him to buy one two weeks earlier, which Howard forgot about. On Christmas Eve, Howard sets out to buy the toy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030943", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nthe real-life street. It took three weeks to film, with 1,500 extras being used in the scene, along with three custom designed floats. Other parts of the film to be shot in Los Angeles, California included store interiors, and the warehouse fight scene between Howard and the criminal Santas, for which a Pasadena furniture warehouse was used. Turbo-Man was created and designed for the film. This meant the commercials and scenes from the \"\"Turbo-Man\"\" TV series were all shot by Levant, while all of the Turbo-Man merchandise, packaging and props shown in the film were custom made one-offs and designed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2105868", "chunk_text": "\"Chel White\"\nBush's re-election, \"\"Blue Christmas\"\" was written by Robert Smigel and Michelle Saks Smigel with additional material by Rich Blomquist, Stephen Colbert, Scott Jacobson, and Matt O'Brien, and voices by Maya Rudolph, Amy Poehler, Erik Bergmann, and Robert Smigel. Chel White directed two stop motion animated children's television specials for Hallmark Channel. In reviewing the 2011 television holiday programs, Mike Hale of \"\"The New York Times\"\" called \"\"Jingle All the Way (TV special)\"\" \"\"By far the best of the bunch. In addition to its charming art and pleasantly low-key storytelling, 'Jingle' stands apart from the other holiday programs by not focusing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256438", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nthe Turbo-Man action figure used in the film. The film has a 16% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, citing its \"\"uneven tone\"\" that does not balance slapstick and satire well. It grossed $129 million worldwide, and it receives regular broadcasts on television during the Christmas season. In 2001, Fox was ordered to pay $19 million to Murray Hill Publishing for stealing the idea for the film; the verdict was overturned three years later. \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" is also the third and final collaboration between Sinbad and Phil Hartman after \"\"Coneheads\"\" (1993) and \"\"Houseguest\"\" (1995), and the last film featuring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15030693", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nsaid the script had 36 similarities with \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\", including the plot, dialogue and character names. Murray Hill President Bob Laurel bought the script from Webster in 1993, and sent it to Fox and other studios in 1994 but received no response and claimed the idea was copied by Kornfield, who was Fox's script reader. In 2001, Fox were found guilty of stealing the idea and ordered to pay $19 million ($15 million in damages and $4 million in legal costs) to Murray Hill, with Webster to receive a portion. Laurel died a few months after the verdict,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761132", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nfelt he was unsuited to the role of a villain as it could harm his clean, family-oriented comedy act and reputation, although Sinbad felt the character would generate the audience's sympathy rather than hate. Furthermore, he missed the audition due to his appearance with First Lady Hillary Clinton and musician Sheryl Crow on the USO tour of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but Columbus waited for him to return to allow him to audition and, although Sinbad felt he had \"\"messed\"\" it up, he was given the part. He improvised the majority of his lines in the film; Schwarzenegger also improvised many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761133", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nof his responses in his conversations with Sinbad's character. Filming took place in Minnesota for five weeks from April 15, 1996; at the time, it was the largest film production to ever take place in the state. \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" was set and filmed in the Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota at locations such as Bloomington's Mall of America, Mickey's Diner, downtown Minneapolis, Linden Hills, residential areas of Edina and primarily downtown Saint Paul. Unused shops in the Seventh Place Mall area were redecorated to resemble Christmas decorated stores, while the Energy Park Studios were used for much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030936", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\naction figure from the film \"\"Toy Story\"\", released that year. As a result, he rewrote Kornfield's script, which was accepted by 20th Century Fox. Columbus was always \"\"attracted to the dark side of the happiest holiday of the year\"\", so wrote elements of the film as a satire of the commercialization of Christmas. Brian Levant was hired to direct the film. Columbus said Levant \"\"underst[ood] the humor in the material\"\" and \"\"was very animated and excited, and he had a vision of what he wanted to do\"\". Levant said \"\"The story that was important to me was between the father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256942", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\ndialogue are downright painful.\"\" Trevor Johnston suggested that the film \"\"seems to mark a point of decline in the Schwarzenegger career arc\"\" and the anti-consumerism message largely failed, with \"\"Jim Belushi's corrupt mall Santa with his stolen-goods warehouse ... provid[ing] the film's sole flash of dark humour.\"\" IGN's Mike Drucker praised its subject matter as \"\"one of the few holiday movies to directly deal with the commercialization of Christmas\"\" although felt the last twenty minutes of the film let it down, as the first hour or so had \"\"some family entertainment\"\" value if taken with a \"\"grain of salt\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15030694", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nbefore receiving any of the money. On appeal, the damages figure was lowered to $1.5 million, before the verdict itself was quashed in 2004 after a judge decided the idea was not stolen, as Fox had bought Kornfield's screenplay before he or anybody else at Fox had read \"\"Could This Be Christmas?\"\". A stand-alone sequel, \"\"Jingle All the Way 2\"\", was released straight-to-DVD in December 2014. Directed by Alex Zamm and produced by WWE Studios and 20th Century Fox, the film has a similar plot to the original, but is otherwise not connected and none of the original cast or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256941", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nHartman for praise. \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" critic Michael Wilmington panned the film, wondering why the characters (primarily Howard) acted so illogically: \"\"Howard Langston is supposed to be a successful mattress manufacturer, but the movie paints him as a hot-tempered buffoon without a sensible idea in his head.\"\" Jack Garner of \"\"USA Today\"\" condemned the film, finding it more \"\"cynical\"\" than satirical, stating \"\"this painfully bad movie has been inspired strictly by the potential jingle of cash registers.\"\" He wrote of Levant's directorial failure as he \"\"offers no ... sense of comic timing,\"\" while \"\"pauses in the midst of much of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030942", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nPaul as one city, as this was logistically easier; the police are labeled \"\"Twin Cities Police\"\" in the film. Additionally, the city's Holidazzle Parade is renamed the Wintertainment Parade and takes place on 2nd Avenue during the day, rather than Nicollet Mall at night. Levant wanted to film the parade at night but was overruled for practical reasons. The parade was filmed at Universal Studios Hollywood in California on the New York Street set, due to safety concerns. The set was designed to resemble 2nd Avenue; the parade was shot from above by helicopters and stitched into matte shots of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3764410", "chunk_text": "\"Kennedi Clements\"\nexo Kennedi Clements Kennedi Clements (born January 21, 2007) is a Canadian child actress. She is best known for portraying Madison Bowen in the 2015 remake of \"\"Poltergeist\"\" and Noel in \"\"Jingle All the Way 2\"\". Kennedi is the eldest child. She has two younger siblings: Tatum (born in 2009) and Lochlan (born in 2011). She resides in Vancouver and performing as a dancer in Street Kings Academy of Dance (SK) and Project Dance Chilliwack (PDC). She also has a hiphop duo called Kromi, with her friend, Romy Sanchez. Her favorite color is blue, as she said in her musical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256940", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nJeffries of \"\"Empire\"\" disagreed, feeling Schwarzenegger to be \"\"wooden\"\" and Sinbad to be \"\"trying desperately to be funnier than his hat\"\" but praised Lloyd as the \"\"saving grace\"\" of the film. \"\"The New York Times\"\" critic Janet Maslin felt the film lacked any real plot, failed in its attempt at satire, should have included Myron's only mentioned son and \"\"mostly wasted\"\" Hartman, while Levant's direction was \"\"listless\"\". Similarly, the BBC's Neil Smith criticized the film's script, its focus on the commercialization of Christmas, as well as Schwarzenegger's performance which shows \"\"the comic timing of a dead moose,\"\" but singled out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256441", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nHoward of his promise to be home in time for the Christmas parade. Losing his patience, Howard yells at Jamie, after which he feels guilty and depressed. Howard finds Myron at the diner and they share their experiences over alcohol, where Myron tells Howard of his resentment towards his own father for failing to get him a Johnny Seven OMA for Christmas. A radio station advertises a competition for a Turbo-Man doll. The ensuing fight between Howard and Myron results in the diner's phone getting damaged, forcing Howard and Myron to race to the radio station on foot, where the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3918713", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Doucette\"\nJeff Doucette Jeff Doucette (born November 25, 1947) is an American television and film actor. Doucette has appeared in over 92 films and television series which include \"\"Splash\"\", \"\"All The Way\"\", \"\"The Dentist 2\"\", \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", \"\"Weird Science\"\", and \"\"Newhart\"\". He has been used as a voice actor in a number of animated movies. Doucette grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the second of eight children from Elizabeth (Betty Andres) Doucette and William (Bill) Doucette. He attended Marquette University High School, and then went on to college at Lewis University in Romeoville, Illinois, where he became the first Theater Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12031448", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nthe songs by other artists included in the film, as well as other Christmas songs and new tracks by the Brian Setzer Orchestra. Intrada Music Group released a Special Collection limited edition of Newman's full 23-track score on November 3, 2008. As Schwarzenegger only signed on for the film in February and the film was shot so quickly, only six and a half months were available for merchandising, instead of the ideal year. As such, merchandising was limited to a 13.5 inch replica $25 Talking Turbo-Man action figure and the West Coast exclusive Turbo-Man Time Racer vehicle, while no tie-in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12031449", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\npromotions could be secured. Despite this, several critics wrote that the film was only being made in order to sell the toy. Columbus dismissed this notion, stating that with only roughly 200,000 Turbo-Man toys being made, the merchandising was far less than the year's other releases, such as \"\"Space Jam\"\" and \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\". The film's release coincided with the Tickle Me Elmo craze, in which high demand for the doll during the 1996 Christmas season lead to store mobbing similar to that depicted for Turbo-Man. The world premiere was held on November 16, 1996, at the Mall of America in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13435735", "chunk_text": "KQRS-FM\nto KQRS-HD2 on June 27, 2018 offering a format of classic country and solid gold country hits from the early 60s into the early-mid 90s. In the 1996 Christmas-themed movie \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\", the character played by Arnold Schwarzenegger calls KQRS during a contest in an effort to win a rare toy doll for his child. He gets through and answers the question correctly but finds out that he only won a gift certificate. The film is set in and was shot in the Twin Cities. KQRS-FM KQRS-FM (92.5 FM, KQ92 or 92 KQRS) is a Classic Rock radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15649920", "chunk_text": "\"Bent Image Lab\"\nChannel. In reviewing the 2011 television holiday programs, Mike Hale of \"\"The New York Times\"\" called \"\"Jingle All the Way (TV special)\"\" \"\"By far the best of the bunch...honest emotion, and a combination of retro holiday spirit with adventurous animation.\"\" Other notable BENT stop-motion productions include director Rob Shaw's ongoing \"\"Rats\"\" segments for the IFC show \"\"Portlandia\"\", with \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" cast member Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein, as well as commercials for Honda, Gatorade, Lux, OfficeMax, Kelloggs, Tinactin, and an anti-smoking campaign geared towards children for the Washington Department of Social and Health Services. BENT's computer animation work can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12030934", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nchase ensues. Myron acquires the toy from Jamie but is cornered by police officers, while Howard saves his son. Howard reveals himself to his family and apologizes for his shortcomings. The police return the toy to Jamie as Myron is arrested, but Jamie decides to give the toy to Myron for his son, proclaiming his father as his true hero. In a post-credits scene, that night, Howard finishes decorating their Christmas tree by putting the star on top, until Liz asks Howard what he got for her. Howard panics when he realizes that he forgot to get her a gift.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7133385", "chunk_text": "\"Kennedi Clements\"\nKennedi Clements Kennedi Clements (born January 21, 2007) is a Canadian child actress. She is best known for portraying Madison Bowen in the 2015 remake of \"\"Poltergeist\"\" and Noel in \"\"Jingle All the Way 2\"\". Kennedi is the eldest child. She has two younger siblings: Tatum (born in 2009) and Lochlan (born in 2011). She resides in Vancouver and performing as a dancer in Street Kings Academy of Dance (SK) and Project Dance Chilliwack (PDC). She also has a hiphop duo called Kromi, with her friend, Romy Sanchez. Her favorite color is blue, as she said in her musical account.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4072721", "chunk_text": "\"Dick Noel\"\nDick Noel Richard \"\"Dick\"\" Noel (May 30, 1927, Brooklyn, New York – October 20, 2017, Escondido, California) was an American band vocalist, jingle singer, and radio and television performer. Noel sang with the Ray Anthony Orchestra, including on the hit \"\"Count Every Star,\"\" recorded singles for the Decca and Fraternity labels, was regularly featured on radio shows in Cincinnati and Chicago, appeared on \"\"Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts\"\" and the \"\"Tennessee Ernie Ford Show\"\", and began a career as a jingle singer in 1965. In this latter pursuit, Noel was christened \"\"The King of the Jingles\"\", recording thousands of spots, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11391707", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way 2\"\nto find his daughter's Noel's favorite toy, Harrison The Talking Bear. However, Victor is determined to make it difficult for Larry not to get his hands on a Harrison Bear. Larry will also have the help of Claude, his jumbled friend. \"\"Jingle All the Way 2\"\" was filmed in Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada. Dave Schilling of \"\"Vice\"\" wrote, \"\"What's actually insidious about the whole endeavor is that it's so good at being so bad.\"\" Jingle All the Way 2 Jingle All the Way 2 is a 2014 American Christmas comedy film directed by Alex Zamm. It stars Larry the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7167050", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Van Wormer\"\nSteve Van Wormer Steve Van Wormer (born December 8, 1969) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He was born in Flint, Michigan, attended Grand Blanc Community High School and Michigan State University, and moved to Los Angeles, California upon graduation. He has acted in movies including \"\"Groove\"\", \"\"Meet the Deedles\"\", and \"\"Jingle All The Way\"\". His television appearances include \"\"Without a Trace, Johnny Tsunami\"\" and \"\"Turks\"\", as well as \"\"The Tonight Show\"\". Van Wormer has provided voices for video games, including \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Turok\"\", \"\"Ace Combat 6\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Tony Hawk's American Wasteland\"\". He also provided the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16725236", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Pesci\"\nlatter in \"\"Once Upon a Time in America\"\". In 1996, Pesci was considered to play Myron Larabee, the stressed-out postman, in \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger, but the part was ultimately given to Sinbad, whose physical size was more comparable to Schwarzenegger's. He had starring roles in several other films, including \"\"Man on Fire\"\" (1987), \"\"The Super\"\" (1991), \"\"Jimmy Hollywood\"\" (1994), \"\"With Honors\"\" (also 1994) and \"\"Gone Fishin'\"\" (1997). Pesci's role in \"\"With Honors\"\" was a dramatic role in which he played a homeless man living on the campus of Harvard. In 1998, he released his second album,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20951408", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Van Wormer\"\nvoice of the Narrator on \"\"The Three Friends and Jerry\"\". Steve Van Wormer Steve Van Wormer (born December 8, 1969) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He was born in Flint, Michigan, attended Grand Blanc Community High School and Michigan State University, and moved to Los Angeles, California upon graduation. He has acted in movies including \"\"Groove\"\", \"\"Meet the Deedles\"\", and \"\"Jingle All The Way\"\". His television appearances include \"\"Without a Trace, Johnny Tsunami\"\" and \"\"Turks\"\", as well as \"\"The Tonight Show\"\". Van Wormer has provided voices for video games, including \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Turok\"\", \"\"Ace Combat 6\"\", \"\"\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761683", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nBloomington where parts of the film were shot. A day of events was held to celebrate the film's release and Schwarzenegger donated memorabilia from the film to the Mall's Planet Hollywood. Opening on November 22 in 2,401, \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" made $12.1 million in its first weekend, opening at #4 behind \"\"\"\", \"\"Space Jam\"\" and \"\"Ransom\"\"; it went on to gross $129 million worldwide, recouping its $75 million budget. The film was released on VHS in October 1997, and in November 1998 it was released on DVD. It was rereleased on DVD in December 2004, followed by an extended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7223495", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Carrey\"\nand \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" (2009). In the 2010s, he has starred in \"\"Mr. Popper's Penguins\"\" (2011) and \"\"The Incredible Burt Wonderstone\"\" (2013), \"\"Kick-Ass 2\"\" (2013) and reprised his role as Lloyd Christmas in \"\"Dumb and Dumber To\"\" (2014). Since 2018, he has portrayed Jeff Piccirillo on the Showtime series \"\"Kidding\"\". Carrey was born in the Toronto suburb of Newmarket, Ontario, Canada, to Kathleen (née Oram), a homemaker, and Percy Carrey, a musician and accountant. He was raised a Roman Catholic and has three older siblings: John, Patricia, and Rita. His mother was of French, Irish, and Scottish descent and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5044230", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way (2011 film)\"\nJingle All the Way (2011 film) Jingle All the Way is a 2011 American stop motion animated children's television special produced for Hallmark Channel, directed by Chel White and produced at Bent Image Lab. In reviewing the 2011 television holiday special programs, Mike Hale of \"\"The New York Times\"\" called \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" \"\"...by far the best of the bunch. In addition to its charming art and pleasantly low-key storytelling, “Jingle” stands apart from the other holiday programs by not focusing on the manufacturing or delivery of toys.\"\" Hale also mentions, \"\"For some honest emotion, and a combination of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761684", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\ndirector's cut in October 2007, known as the \"\"Family Fun Edition\"\". It contained several minutes of extra footage, as well as other DVD extras such as a behind the scenes featurette. In December of the following year, the Family Fun Edition was released on Blu-ray Disc. The film was released in the United Kingdom on December 6, 1996, and topped the country's box office that weekend. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 16% based on 43 reviews and an average rating of 4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Arnold Schwarzenegger tries his best,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20834132", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey Tambor\"\nJeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor (born July 8, 1944) is an American actor, voice artist and comedian. He is known for his television roles such as Hank Kingsley on \"\"The Larry Sanders Show\"\" (1992–1998), George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on \"\"Arrested Development\"\" (2003–2006, 2013, 2018) and Maura Pfefferman on \"\"Transparent\"\" (2014–2017). His film roles include Jay Porter in \"\"...And Justice for All\"\" (1979), Jinx Latham in \"\"Mr. Mom\"\" (1983), Sully in \"\"There's Something About Mary\"\" (1998), the Mayor of Whoville in \"\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\"\" (2000), King Neptune in \"\"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\"\" (2004), Tom Manning in \"\"Hellboy\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296004", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle Bell Rock\"\non the \"\"Billboard\"\" Best Sellers in Stores chart, and at No. 11 on \"\"Cashbox\"\" magazine's Top 60 on the week ending January 11, 1958. After the song was featured on the soundtrack album to the 1996 film \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\", the original Bobby Helms version returned to the \"\"Billboard\"\" country singles charts in late 1996 and early 1997, reaching a peak of No. 60. The Helms version entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart on the week ending December 24, 2016, eventually reaching a peak of No. 29 two weeks later. As of November 25, 2016, total sales of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6890550", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Pinchak\"\nCastle since 2007. Pinchak is currently studying Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. Jimmy Pinchak Jimmy Jax Pinchak (born February 16, 1996) is an American actor and musician known for playing roles in television series and films. Born James Justin Pinchak, he grew up in Point Pleasant, New Jersey. He acted the movements for \"\"Know-It-All\"\" in the computer-animated movie \"\"The Polar Express\"\" (voice was provided by Eddie Deezen) and played the lead in made-for-TV movie \"\"All I Want For Christmas\"\", \"\"Hostage\"\" and \"\"Meteor\"\". He also played Eddy in \"\"Over There\"\" and Mark in \"\"Let Me In\"\", a remake of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15030688", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle All the Way\"\nbut \"\"Jingle All the Way\"\" suffers from an uneven tone, shifting wildly from a would-be satire on materialism to an antic, slapstick yuk-fest.\"\" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"B+\"\" on an A+ to F scale. Emanuel Levy felt the film \"\"highly formulaic\"\" and criticized Levant's direction as little more advanced than a television sitcom. Although he felt Hartman, Wilson and Conrad were not given much opportunity to shine due to the script, he opined that \"\"Schwarzenegger has developed a light comic delivery, punctuated occasionally by an ironic one-liner,\"\" while \"\"Sinbad has good moments\"\". Neil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7106540", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Chamberlin\"\nKevin Chamberlin Kevin Chamberlin (born November 25, 1963) is an American actor. He is known for his theatre roles such as Horton in \"\"Seussical\"\" and Fester in \"\"The Addams Family\"\". He also starred as Bertram Winkle in the Disney Channel Original Series sitcom \"\"Jessie\"\" from 2011 to 2015. He is currently starring as the Wizard in \"\"Wicked\"\" on Broadway. Chamberlin was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and was raised in Moorestown, New Jersey. In elementary school, he starred as Huck Finn in the school's production of Tom Sawyer. After he graduated high school, Chamberlin studied acting at Rutgers University's Mason Gross", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18989087", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Doyle-Murray\"\nthe , the voice of Qui the Promoter in the 2005 video game \"\"Jade Empire\"\", a minor appearance on the Disney show \"\"Recess\"\" during a yo-yo competition, Prince Huge on \"\"Adventure Time\"\" in the episode \"\"The Hard Easy\"\", Charlie in Mike Judge's \"\"The Goode Family\"\", and Jacob on \"\"Motorcity\"\". Murray voiced the villainous corporate executive Mr. Twitchell on the Christmas special \"\"Frosty Returns\"\". Brian Doyle-Murray Brian Doyle-Murray (né Murray; born October 31, 1945) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and screenwriter. The older brother of actor/comedian Bill Murray, he has appeared in several films, including \"\"Caddyshack\"\", \"\"Scrooged\"\", \"\"Ghostbusters II\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_759	who is recognized as the founder of islam?	n/a	[ "the Islamic prophet Muhammad", "Muhammad" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "973270", "chunk_text": "Muhammad\nMuhammad Muhammad (, ; c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Born approximately 570CE (Year of the Elephant) in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "973378", "chunk_text": "Muhammad\nwas nine. Muhammad Muhammad (, ; c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Born approximately 570CE (Year of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11176879", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\nHistory of Islam The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization. Despite concerns about the reliability of early sources, most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity. Muslims, however, believe that it did not start with Muhammad, but that it was the original faith of others whom they regard as prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam. In 610 CE, Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be divine revelations. Muhammad's message", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8606642", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\narticles, and journals Encyclopedias History of Islam The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization. Despite concerns about the reliability of early sources, most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity. Muslims, however, believe that it did not start with Muhammad, but that it was the original faith of others whom they regard as prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam. In 610 CE, Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1699879", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\npopular pilgrimage destination, which had significant economic consequences for the city. According to tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570. His family belonged to the Quraysh. When he was about forty years old he began receiving what Muslims regard as divine revelations delivered through the angel Gabriel, which would later form the Quran. These inspirations enjoined him to proclaim a strict monotheistic faith, to warn his compatriots of the impending Judgement Day, and to castigate social injustices of his city. Muhammad's message won over a handful of followers and was met with increasing opposition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1238696", "chunk_text": "\"Muhammad in Islam\"\nMuhammad in Islam Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim () ( 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE), in short form Muhammad, is the last Messenger and Prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam. Muslims also believe that the Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by God, and that Muhammad was sent to restore Islam, which they believe to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, 'Isa, and other Prophets. The religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established with the Quran became the foundation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3415042", "chunk_text": "Al-Ghazali\nAl-Ghazali Al-Ghazali (; full name \"\"Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī\"\" ; latinized Algazelus or Algazel, – 19 December 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mystics of Sunni Islam. He was of Persian origin. Islamic tradition considers him to be a Mujaddid, a renewer of the faith who, according to the prophetic hadith, appears once every century to restore the faith of the ummah (\"\"the Islamic Community\"\"). His works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that al-Ghazali was awarded the honorific title \"\"Proof of Islam\"\" (\"\"Hujjat al-Islam\"\"). Al-Ghazali believed that the Islamic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3550030", "chunk_text": "Ali\nAli Ali ( , ; 15 September 601 – 29 January 661) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the last prophet of Islam. He ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 to 661, but is regarded as the rightful immediate successor to Muhammad as an Imam by Shia Muslims. Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad, Ali is the only person to be born in the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam. Ali was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11176925", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\nfrom official Ash'ari theology; thus, Averroism has been considered a precursor to modern secularism. \"\"Early Middle Ages\"\" According to Arab sources in the year 750, Al-Saffah, the founder of the Abbasid Caliphate, launched a massive rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate from the province of Khurasan near Talas. After eliminating the entire Umayyad family and achieving victory at the Battle of the Zab, Al-Saffah and his forces marched into Damascus and founded a new dynasty. His forces confronted many regional powers and consolidated the realm of the Abbasid Caliphate. In Al-Mansur's time, Persian scholarship emerged. Many non-Arabs converted to Islam. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11176890", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\nIslamic state: Abu Bakr (632–634), Umar ibn al-Khattab (Umar І, 634–644), Uthman ibn Affan, (644–656), and Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661). These leaders are known as the \"\"Rashidun\"\" or \"\"rightly guided\"\" Caliphs in Sunni Islam. They oversaw the initial phase of the Muslim conquests, advancing through Persia, Levant, Egypt, and North Africa. After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr, one of his closest associates, was chosen as the first caliph ( \"\"\"\", lit. successor). Although the office of caliph retained an aura of religious authority, it laid no claim to prophecy. A number of tribal leaders refused to extend agreements made with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10330775", "chunk_text": "Abraham\nlink in the chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad. Ibrāhīm is mentioned in 35 chapters of the Quran, more often than any other biblical personage apart from Moses. He is called both a \"\"hanif\"\" (monotheist) and \"\"muslim\"\" (one who submits), and Muslims regard him as a prophet and patriarch, the archetype of the perfect Muslim, and the revered reformer of the Kaaba in Mecca. Islamic traditions consider Ibrāhīm (Abraham) the first Pioneer of Islam (which is also called \"\"millat Ibrahim\"\", the \"\"religion of Abraham\"\"), and that his purpose and mission throughout his life was to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11379360", "chunk_text": "Islam\nof Islam and are its second-largest branch. While the Sunnis believe that a Caliph should be elected by the community, Shia's believe that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, as his successor and only certain descendants of Ali could be Imams. As a result, they believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first \"\"Imam\"\" (leader), rejecting the legitimacy of the previous Muslim caliphs Abu Bakr, Uthman ibn al-Affan and Umar ibn al-Khattab. Other points of contention include certain practices viewed as innovating the religion, such as the mourning practice of tatbir, and the cursing of figures revered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632075", "chunk_text": "Al-Kindi\nand Roger Bacon. The Italian Renaissance scholar Geralomo Cardano (1501–1575) considered him as one of the twelve greatest minds. Al-Kindi Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ; ; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician. Al-Kindi was the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosophers, and is unanimously hailed as the \"\"father of Arab philosophy\"\" for his synthesis, adaptation and promotion of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy in the Muslim world. Al-Kindi was born in Kufa and educated in Baghdad. He became a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, and a number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3419786", "chunk_text": "Islam\nindigenous Christians, persecuted as religious minorities and taxed heavily to finance the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, often aided Muslims to take over their lands from the Byzantines and Persians, resulting in exceptionally speedy conquests. The generation after the death of Muhammad but contemporaries of his companions are known as the Tabi'un, followed by the Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in. The Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz set up the influential committee, \"\"The Seven Fuqaha of Medina\"\", headed by Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr. Malik ibn Anas wrote one of the earliest books on Islamic jurisprudence, the Muwatta, as a consensus of the opinion of those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14000735", "chunk_text": "Islam\nkind likewise. As a virtue, forgiveness is much celebrated in Islam, and is regarded as an important Muslim practice. About modesty, Muhammad is reported as saying: ' Every religion has its characteristic, and the characteristic of Islam is modesty'. Mainstream Islamic law does not distinguish between \"\"matters of church\"\" and \"\"matters of state\"\"; the scholars function as both jurists and theologians. Currently no government conforms to Islamic economic jurisprudence, but steps have been taken to implement some of its tenets. Muslim tradition views Muhammad (c. 570 – June 8, 632) as the seal of the prophets. During the last 22", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3579368", "chunk_text": "Mahdi\nas the Imam Mahdi, the Caliph of Allah and the second most important figure after the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Alí Muḥammad Shírází (20 October 1819 – 9 July 1850), claimed to be the Mahdi on 24 May 1844, taking the name Báb ( / ) and thereby founding the religion of Bábism. He was later executed by firing squad in the town of Tabriz. His remains are buried in a tomb at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa, Israel. The Báb is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh ( / ), and both are considered as Manifestations of God. The following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12214412", "chunk_text": "\"Hasan ibn Ali\"\nHasan ibn Ali Al-Ḥasan ibn Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (, 624–670 CE), commonly known as Hasan or Hassan, was the eldest son of Ali and Muhammad's daughter Fatimah, and was the older brother of Husayn. Muslims respect him as a grandson of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. Among Shia Muslims, Hasan is revered as the second Imam. Hasan claimed the caliphate after his father's death, but abdicated after six or seven months to Muawiyah I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty to end the First Fitna. Al-Hasan was known for donating to the poor, his kindness to the poor and bondmen,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14000780", "chunk_text": "Islam\nleast 22 countries self-identify in this way. Some movements, such as the Druze, Berghouata and Ha-Mim, either emerged from Islam or came to share certain beliefs with Islam and whether each is separate a religion or a sect of Islam is sometimes controversial. Yazdânism is seen as a blend of local Kurdish beliefs and Islamic Sufi doctrine introduced to Kurdistan by Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir in the 12th century. Bábism stems from Twelver Shia passed through Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab while one of his followers Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah founded the Bahai Faith. Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11379331", "chunk_text": "Islam\ncaliph. Under Abu Bakr, Muslims put down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an episode known as the Ridda wars, or \"\"Wars of Apostasy\"\". The Quran was compiled into a single volume at this time. Abu Bakr's death in 634 resulted in the succession of Umar ibn al-Khattab as the caliph, followed by Uthman ibn al-Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Hasan ibn Ali. The first four caliphs are known in Sunni Islam as \"\"al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn\"\" (\"\"Rightly Guided Caliphs\"\"). Under them, the territory under Muslim rule expanded deeply into the parts of the Persian and Byzantine territories. When Umar was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1581744", "chunk_text": "Al-Mansur\nAl-Mansur Al-Mansur or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (; ‎; 95 AH – 158 AH (714 AD – 6 October 775 AD)) was the second Abbasid Caliph reigning from 136 AH to 158 AH (754 AD – 775 AD) and succeeding his brother Abu al-'Abbas al-Saffah. Al-Mansur is generally regarded as the real founder of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the largest polities in world history, for his role in stabilizing and institutionalizing the dynasty. He is also known for founding the 'round city' of Madinat al-Salam which was to become the core of imperial Baghdad. Al-Mansur was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "289910", "chunk_text": "\"Muhammad in Islam\"\n(, the Afterlife). Born about 570 into a respected Qurayshi family of Mecca, Muhammad earned the title \"\"al-Amin\"\" (, meaning \"\"the Trustworthy\"\"). At the age of 40 in 610 CE, Muhammad is said to have received his first verbal revelation in the cave called Hira, which was the beginning of the descent of the Quran that continued up to the end of his life; and Muslims hold that Muhammad was asked by God to preach the oneness of God in order to stamp out idolatry, a practice overtly present in pre-Islamic Arabia. Because of persecution of the newly converted Muslims,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3419715", "chunk_text": "Islam\n(called the \"\"sunnah\"\", composed of accounts called \"\"hadith\"\") of Muhammad ( 570–8 June 632 CE). Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous punished in hell. Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law (\"\"sharia\"\"), which touches on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11176887", "chunk_text": "\"History of Islam\"\nfrom notables of Mecca. In 618, after he lost protection with the death of his influential uncle Abu Talib, Muhammad migrated to the city of Yathrib (subsequently called Medina) where he was joined by his followers. Later generations would count this event, known as the hijra, as the start of the Islamic era. In Yathrib, where he was accepted as an arbitrator among the different communities of the city under the terms of the Constitution of Medina, Muhammad began to lay the foundations of the new Islamic society, with the help of new Quranic verses which provided guidance on matters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "187228", "chunk_text": "\"Ammar ibn Yasir\"\nAmmar ibn Yasir ʻAmmār ibn Yāsir ibn ʿĀmir ibn Mālik Abū al-Yaqzān () was one of the Muhajirun in the history of Islam and, for his dedicated devotion to Islam's cause, is considered to be one of the most loyal and beloved companions of Muhammad and ‘Ali; thus, he occupies a position of the highest prominence in Islam. Historically, Ammar ibn Yasir is the first Muslim to build a mosque. He is also referred to by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions. Ammar's ultimate fate was unique than the fate of the rest of Mohammad's companions, for his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632036", "chunk_text": "Al-Kindi\nAl-Kindi Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ; ; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician. Al-Kindi was the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosophers, and is unanimously hailed as the \"\"father of Arab philosophy\"\" for his synthesis, adaptation and promotion of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy in the Muslim world. Al-Kindi was born in Kufa and educated in Baghdad. He became a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, and a number of Abbasid Caliphs appointed him to oversee the translation of Greek scientific and philosophical texts into the Arabic language. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7202595", "chunk_text": "Umar\nUmar Umar (), also spelled Omar (; , \"\"Umar, Son of Al-Khattab\"\"; c. 584 CE 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior companion of the Prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq (\"\"the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)\"\"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7078244", "chunk_text": "\"Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah\"\nAl-Hakim bi-Amr Allah Abū ʿAlī Manṣūr (13 August 985 – 13 February 1021), better known by his regnal title al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (; literally \"\"Ruler by God's Command\"\"), was the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam (996–1021). Al-Hakim is an important figure in a number of Shia Ismaili religions, such as the world's 15 million Nizaris, in addition to the 2 million Druze of the Levant whose eponymous founder ad-Darazi proclaimed him as the incarnation of God in 1018. Histories of al-Hakim can prove controversial, as diverse views of his life and legacy exist. Historian Paul Walker writes: \"\"Ultimately,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3942213", "chunk_text": "\"Abu Bakr\"\nAbu Bakr Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq ‘Abdallāh bin Abī Quḥāfah (; 573 CE23 August 634 CE), popularly known as Abu Bakr, was a companion and—through his daughter Aisha—a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr was born in Mecca in 573 CE to Uthman Abu Quhafa and Salma Umm al-Khair. He is commonly regarded as the fourth person to have accepted Islam, after Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Zayd ibn Harith. Abu Bakr was present at a number of battles of Islam, such as the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud; he was, however, among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12129138", "chunk_text": "\"Adam in Islam\"\nAdam in Islam Âdam or Aadam () is believed to have been the \|first]] human being and \"\"Nabi\"\" (, Prophet) on Earth, in Islam. Adam's role as the father of the human race is looked upon by Muslims with reverence. Muslims also refer to his wife, Hawa (, Eve), as the \"\"mother of mankind\"\". Muslims see Adam as the first Muslim, as the Qur'an states that all the Prophets preached the same faith of \"\"Islam\"\" (, 'Submission' (to God)). Synthesizing the Qur'an with hadith and Islamic exegesis can produce the following account. Before God created Adam, He ordered the archangels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2465406", "chunk_text": "\"Occultation (Islam)\"\nOccultation (Islam) The Occultation ( \"\"Ghaybah\"\") in Shia Islam refers to a belief that the messianic figure, or Mahdi, who in Shi'i thought is an infallible male descendant of the founder of Islam, Muhammad, was born but disappeared, and will one day return and fill the world with justice and peace. Some Shia, such as the Nizari, do not believe in the idea of the Occultation. The groups that do believe in it differ on the succession of the Imamate, and therefore which individual is in Occultation. The Hidden Imam is still considered to be the \"\"Imam of the Time\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14001276", "chunk_text": "\"Nation of Islam\"\nAfter Fard disappeared in June 1934, the Nation of Islam was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established places of worship (called temples or mosques), a school named Muhammad University of Islam, farms, and real estate holdings in the United States and abroad. The Nation has long been a strong advocate of African-American businesses. There were a number of splits and splinter groups during Elijah Muhammad's leadership, most notably the departure of senior leader Malcolm X to become a Sunni Muslim. After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, changed the name of the organization to \"\"World Community", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3245048", "chunk_text": "\"Early Muslim conquests\"\nEarly Muslim conquests The early Muslim conquests (, \"\"al-Futūḥāt al-Islāmiyya\"\") also referred to as the Arab conquests and early Islamic conquests began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. He established a new unified polity in the Arabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion. The resulting empire stretched from the borders of China and the Indian subcontinent, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe (Sicily and the Iberian Peninsula to the Pyrenees). Edward Gibbon writes in \"\"The History of the Decline and Fall of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14000736", "chunk_text": "Islam\nyears of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CE, according to the earliest surviving biographies, Muhammad reported revelations that he believed to be from God, conveyed to him through the archangel Gabriel (\"\"Jibril\"\"). Muhammad's companions memorized and recorded the content of these revelations, known as the Quran. During this time, Muhammad in Mecca preached to the people, imploring them to abandon polytheism and to worship one God. Although some converted to Islam, the leading Meccan authorities persecuted Muhammad and his followers. This resulted in the Migration to Abyssinia of some Muslims (to the Aksumite Empire). Many early converts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9787346", "chunk_text": "Islamism\nwaging what he called militant jihad so as to forcibly eliminate the \"\"power structures\"\" of Jahiliyya—not only from the Islamic homeland but from the face of the earth. Qutb was both a member of the brotherhood and enormously influential in the Muslim world at large. Qutb is considered by some (Fawaz A. Gerges) to be \"\"the founding father and leading theoretician\"\" of modern jihadists, such as Osama bin Laden. However, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and in Europe has not embraced his vision of undemocratic Islamic state and armed jihad, something for which they have been denounced by radical Islamists.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737400", "chunk_text": "\"Ahmad ibn Hanbal\"\nAhmad ibn Hanbal Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ḥanbal Abū ʿAbdullāh Ash-Shaybānī (; 780–855 CE/164–241 AH), often referred to as Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal or Ibn Ḥanbal or Ibn Hambal or Ahmad Ibn Hambal for short, or reverentially as Imam Aḥmad by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist. An enormously influential and vigorous scholar during his lifetime, Ibn Hanbal went on to become \"\"one of the most venerated\"\" and celebrated personalities in the tradition of Sunni Islam, within which he was often referred to by such reverent epithets as True Shaykh of Islam, Proof of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1582274", "chunk_text": "Avicenna\nAvicenna Avicenna (; also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age. He has been described as the father of early modern medicine. Of the 450 works he is known to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine. His most famous works are \"\"The Book of Healing\"\", a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and \"\"The Canon of Medicine\"\", a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9164068", "chunk_text": "\"John the Baptist\"\nJohn the Baptist John the Baptist ( \"\"Yokhanan HaMatbil\"\", , \"\"Iōánnēs ho baptistḗs\"\" or Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων, \"\"Iōánnēs ho baptízōn\"\", , ; Late 1st century BC – 28–36 AD) was a Jewish itinerant preacher in the early first century AD. John is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Bahá'í Faith, and Mandaeism. He is called a prophet by all of these faiths, and is honored as a saint in many Christian traditions. Other titles for John include John the Forerunner in Eastern Christianity and \"\"the prophet John\"\" (\"\"Yaḥyā\"\") in Islam. To clarify the meaning of \"\"Baptist\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14000676", "chunk_text": "Islam\nIslam Islam () is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which teaches that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. It is the world's second-largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1% of the world's population, most commonly known as Muslims. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, unique and has guided humankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative example", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3086153", "chunk_text": "\"Ibn Taymiyyah\"\nunpopular with the majority of the orthodox religious scholars of the time, under whose orders he was imprisoned several times. Often viewed as a minority figure in his own times and in the centuries that followed, Ibn Taymiyyah has become one of the most influential medieval writers in contemporary Islam, where his particular interpretations of the Qur'an and the Sunnah and his rejection of some aspects of classical Islamic tradition are believed to have had considerable influence on contemporary Wahhabism, Salafism, and Jihadism. Indeed, particular aspects of his teachings had a profound influence on Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the founder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11541454", "chunk_text": "Wahhabism\nWahhabism Wahhabism (, \"\"\"\") is an Islamic doctrine and religious salafi movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. It has been variously described as \"\"ultraconservative\"\", \"\"austere\"\", \"\"fundamentalist\"\", or \"\"puritan(ical)\"\"; as an Islamic \"\"reform movement\"\" to restore \"\"pure monotheistic worship\"\" (tawhid) by devotees; and as a \"\"deviant sectarian movement\"\", \"\"vile sect\"\" and a distortion of Islam by its opponents. The term Wahhabi(ism) is often used polemically and adherents commonly reject its use, preferring to be called \"\"Salafi\"\" or \"\"muwahhid\"\". claiming to emphasize the principle of \"\"tawhid\"\" (the \"\"uniqueness\"\" and \"\"unity\"\" of God), for exclusivity on monotheism, dismissing other Muslims as practising", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14000750", "chunk_text": "Islam\ntexts in the Islamic world and later in Europe. Amongst his contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology. In mathematics, the mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from \"\"al-jabr\"\". Rumi wrote some of the finest Persian poetry and is still one of the best selling poets in America. Legal institutions introduced include the trust and charitable trust (Waqf). Some Muslims began to question the piety of indulgence in a worldly life and emphasised poverty, humility and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15933510", "chunk_text": "\"Shia Islam\"\nShia Islam Shia (; \"\"Shīʿah\"\", from \"\"Shīʿatu ʿAlī\"\", \"\"adherent of Ali\"\"), also transliterated Shiah and Shiʿah, is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from the caliphate as a result of the incident at Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor and consider Abu Bakr, who they claim was appointed Caliph through a Shura, i.e. community consensus in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14000749", "chunk_text": "Islam\nwere introduced. An important pioneer in this, Ibn al-Haytham is regarded as the father of the modern scientific method and often referred to as the \"\"world's first true scientist\"\". The government paid scientists the equivalent salary of professional athletes today. It is argued that the data used by Copernicus for his heliocentric conclusions was gathered and that Al-Jahiz proposed a theory of natural selection. Ibn Sina pioneered the science of experimental medicine, and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works, \"\"The Book of Healing\"\" and \"\"The Canon of Medicine\"\", were used as standard medicinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6229137", "chunk_text": "\"Rashidun Caliphate\"\nRashidun Caliphate The Rashidun Caliphate (, '; 632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs (successors) of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (AH 11). These caliphs are collectively known in Sunni Islam as the \"\"Rashidun\"\", or \"\"Rightly Guided\"\" caliphs ( '). This term is not used in Shia Islam as Shia Muslims do not consider the rule of the first three caliphs as legitimate. The Rashidun Caliphate is characterized by a twenty-five year period of rapid military expansion, followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11379330", "chunk_text": "Islam\nMecca, and by the time of his death in 632 (at the age of 62) he had united the tribes of Arabia into a single religious polity. The earliest three generations of Muslims are known as the Salaf, with the companions of Muhammad being known as the Sahaba. Many of them, such as the largest narrator of hadith Abu Hureyrah, recorded and compiled what would constitute the sunnah. With Muhammad's death in 632, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community. Abu Bakr, a companion and close friend of Muhammad, was made the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5874434", "chunk_text": "\"Hassan al-Banna\"\nHassan al-Banna Sheikh Hassan Ahmed Abdel Rahman Muhammed al-Banna (; 14 October 1906 – 12 February 1949), known as Hassan al-Banna, was an Egyptian schoolteacher and imam, best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, one of the largest and most influential Islamic revivalist organizations. Al-Banna's writings marked a watershed in Islamic intellectual history by presenting a modern ideology based on Islam. Al-Banna considered Islam to be a comprehensive system of life, with the Quran as the only acceptable constitution. He called for Islamization of the state, the economy, and society. He declared that establishing a just society required development of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3227601", "chunk_text": "\"Ahmadiyya Caliphate\"\nAhmadiyya Caliphate The Ahmadiyya Caliphate is a non-political caliphate established on May 27, 1908 following the death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, who claimed to be the promised Messiah and Mahdi, the expected redeemer awaited by Muslims. It is believed by Ahmadis to be the re-establishment of the \"\"Rashidun\"\" Caliphate that commenced following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The caliphs are entitled \"\"Khalīfatul Masīh\"\" (; ), sometimes simply referred to as \"\"Khalifa\"\" (or Caliph). The caliph is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8966305", "chunk_text": "\"Ahmad al-Badawi\"\nAhmad al-Badawi Aḥmad al-Badawī ( ), also known as Al-Sayyid al-Badawī (, ), or as al-Badawī for short, or reverentially as Shaykh al-Badawī by all those Sunni Muslims who venerate saints, was a 13th-century Moroccan Sunni Muslim mystic who became famous as the founder of the Badawiyyah order of Sufism. Originally hailing from Fes, al-Badawi eventually settled for good in Tanta, Egypt in 1236, whence he developed a posthumous reputation as \"\"Egypt's greatest saint.\"\" As al-Badawi is perhaps \"\"the most popular of Muslim saints in Egypt\"\", his tomb has remained a \"\"major site of visitation\"\" for Muslims in the region.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15438225", "chunk_text": "Ibadi\nIbadi The Ibāḍī movement, Ibadism, or Ibāḍiyya, also known as the Ibadis (, \"\"al-Ibāḍiyyah\"\"), is a school of Islam dominant in Oman. It is also found in parts of Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and East Africa. The movement is said to have been founded around the year 650 CE or about 20 years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, predating both the Sunni and Shia denominations. Modern historians trace back the origins of the denomination to a moderate current of the Khawarij movement; contemporary Ibāḍīs strongly object to being classified as Kharijites, although they recognize that their movement originated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737360", "chunk_text": "\"Abu Hanifa\"\nAbu Hanifa Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit b. Zūṭā b. Marzubān (; c. 699 – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims, was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin, who became the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school of orthodox Sunni jurisprudence, which has remained the most widely practiced law school in the Sunni tradition. He is often alluded to by the reverential epithets al-Imām al-aʿẓam (\"\"The Great Imam\"\") and Sirāj al-aʾimma (\"\"The Lamp of the Imams\"\") in Sunni Islam. Born to a Muslim family in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_760	who plays emma in air bud world pup?	n/a	[ "Brittany Paige Bouck" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13738920", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\nher veterinarian boyfriend, Patrick Sullivan. Josh and his best friend, Tom Stewart, have just made their school's soccer team when their coach reveals that their team will become co-ed. Josh meets Emma, an attractive girl who just moved with her family from England who are wealthy; and not only will she be playing on his soccer team, but she also has a golden retriever named Molly. Buddy also finds Molly attractive. Emma invites Josh and Tom to a party at her house and Tom dressed up like a British soldier and he looked quite silly. At the same time, things", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17014508", "chunk_text": "\"Chantal Strand\"\nChantal Strand Chantal Strand (born October 15, 1987) is a Canadian voice actress, actress, singer, stunt performer, and writer. She is best known for her roles as Holly in \"\"The Charlie Horse Music Pizza\"\", Sarah's Sister in \"\"Life-Size\"\", Kelly in \"\"Barbie in The Nutcracker\"\", and Tammy in \"\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\". At a young age, Strand started off doing stunts on \"\"Look Who's Talking Now\"\" with her twin sister, Michelle. Strand began working on many projects including \"\"The Outer Limits\"\", \"\"The Commish\"\", \"\"The Charlie Horse Music Pizza\"\", \"\"Life-Size\"\", \"\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\", \"\"Air Bud: Seventh Inning Fetch\"\", and \"\"Air Bud:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6455770", "chunk_text": "\"Brec Bassinger\"\ntwo older brothers named Beric and Brice. She has Type 1 Diabetes. Before becoming an actress, she was a competitive cheerleader. Brec Bassinger Brec Bassinger (born May 25, 1999) is an American actress, best known for her lead role as Bella Dawson on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Bella and the Bulldogs\"\", her recurring role as Emma in \"\"The Haunted Hathaways\"\", her part as Roni Sweetzer in the Hulu show \"\"All Night\"\", and her role as Maxie in the 2018 movie \"\"Status Update\"\". Bassinger resides with her mother, while the rest of her family remains in Texas. She used to play basketball,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11337471", "chunk_text": "\"Erin Cardillo\"\nspent her junior year abroad in London, through Marymount College, where she cultivated her great love of Shakespeare. Her most recent role was as a recurring star in the Disney Channel spin-off \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" as Emma Tutweiller. She has also appeared in an Arby's commercial with her co-star from \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\", Windell D. Middlebrooks. Cardillo married actor Joe Towne on November 5, 2011. The couple welcomed their first child, a son named Lucas Bodhi, on December 17, 2016. Erin Cardillo Erin Cardillo (born February 17, 1977, in White Plains, New York, United States) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6455769", "chunk_text": "\"Brec Bassinger\"\nBrec Bassinger Brec Bassinger (born May 25, 1999) is an American actress, best known for her lead role as Bella Dawson on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Bella and the Bulldogs\"\", her recurring role as Emma in \"\"The Haunted Hathaways\"\", her part as Roni Sweetzer in the Hulu show \"\"All Night\"\", and her role as Maxie in the 2018 movie \"\"Status Update\"\". Bassinger resides with her mother, while the rest of her family remains in Texas. She used to play basketball, volleyball, and ran track/field. Bassinger used to be in beauty pageants and was a Our Little Miss World Winner. She has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6086725", "chunk_text": "\"Sophia Ewaniuk\"\n\"\"The Outsiders\"\". Sophia has appeared as Young Gretl in the movie \"\"Witchslayer Gretl\"\", an original Sci Fi Channel movie starring Shannon Doherty. She voiced the twins, Ada and Ida, in the TVOKids/Disney Junior animated series \"\"Ella the Elephant\"\". Ewaniuk's older brother Jacob is also a child actor. Sophia Ewaniuk Sophia Ewaniuk (born May 10, 2002) is a Canadian child film and television actress who landed her first major role as Emma Conroy in ABC's series \"\"Happy Town\"\", a role for which she had been nominated as a recurring lead in a television series at the 2011 Young Artist Awards. Previously,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12427404", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\nAir Bud: World Pup Air Bud: World Pup (also known as Air Bud 3 in most other countries) is a 2000 made-for-video American film, and the third film in the \"\"Air Bud\"\" series. It was the first Air Bud movie to be filmed without Buddy, the canine star of the first two films; Buddy died after production of the previous film, \"\"\"\". \"\"World Pup\"\" was the first film in the \"\"Air Bud\"\" series not to be released theatrically in the US; however, it was played in Philippine theaters for a limited time. Teenager Josh Framm's mother, Jackie, has just married", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13921833", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud (series)\"\nAir Bud (series) The Air Bud film series (also known as Air Buddies or Disney Buddies) is an American film franchise based on a sports-playing Golden Retriever named Buddy, portrayed by Air Buddy. The franchise began in 1997 with the theatrical release of \"\"Air Bud\"\", followed by the theatrical release of \"\"\"\" in 1998. The rest of the films in the series were released in direct-to-video form. The \"\"Air Buddies\"\" or \"\"Disney Buddies\"\" spin-off series began in 2006 with the release of \"\"Air Buddies\"\" and it focuses on the adventures of Buddy's talking Golden Retriever puppies. \"\"Disney Buddies\"\" is one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2583576", "chunk_text": "\"Alyson Leigh Rosenfeld\"\nAlyson Leigh Rosenfeld Alyson Leigh Rosenfeld (born March 21, 1987) is an American actress, voice actress, singer, writer and producer best known for voicing Bonnie (and previously Nurse Joy) on \"\"Pokémon\"\" and Rio on \"\"Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal\"\". From January 27 - February 18, 2018, Rosenfeld performed in William Finn's A New Brain as Rhoda. From January 28 - February 19, 2017, Rosenfeld starred in Stephen Sondheim's Marry Me A Little (musical) and as Lucy in You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown. Both shows were performed in rep. Rosenfeld starred as Gertrude in Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty's Seussical at The Gallery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5042279", "chunk_text": "\"Sophie Sumner\"\nof Asia Arena, Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Sumner was born and raised in Oxford, England. However, she currently resides in New York City and travels frequently for modeling purposes. She has a dog named Darcy, which she frequently dyes bubblegum pink, and another named Peaches, who lives with her in New York City, while Darcy remains in England. Sumner has lived with and is close friends with actress Emma Watson, and model Andreja Pejić. Sophie Sumner Sophie Sumner (born 15 January 1990) is an English fashion model. Her modelling career became notable after she was runner-up of \"\"Britain's Next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8170403", "chunk_text": "\"Chloe Noelle\"\nChloe Noelle Chloe Noelle Schweikert (born September 10, 2002), best known as Chloe Noelle, is an American teen actress, best known for playing Emma Garza on the HBO TV series \"\"True Blood\"\". Born in Los Angeles, California to parents Damon and Jennifer Schweikert, Chloe began her career on television in 2010 appearing on several commercials, including Target, Kool-Aid, Quaker Oats, and Philadelphia Cream Cheese. She has appeared on stage the same year, including productions of \"\"Annie\"\" as Molly and \"\"Seussical\"\" as the Baby Kangaroo, both held at theaters in the Greater Los Angeles Area. Since 2011, she has had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9936912", "chunk_text": "\"Ciara Bravo\"\nCiara Bravo Ciara Quinn Bravo (pronounced ; born March 18, 1997) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Katie Knight on \"\"Big Time Rush\"\" and her role as Emma Chota on \"\"Red Band Society\"\". Bravo's work as a voice actress includes Giselita in the \"\"Open Season 3\"\", Patty in \"\"Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown\"\", and Sarah in \"\"Special Agent Oso\"\". She has also starred in movies, playing Meg Murphy in \"\"Jinxed\"\" and Melissa Bing in \"\"Swindle\"\". Bravo was born in Alexandria, Kentucky, south of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her career began at the age of 9,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9448709", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\nBuddy was the star player, they naturally quit the league. The head of the committee's son sees that the Timberwolves have been banned from the league and is outraged, making the head of the committee to have a change of heart, letting the Timberwolves back into the league. Buddy has a uniform and is on the roster, leading Josh's soccer team to the state championship. However, trouble occurs when Buddy's six newborn puppies are kidnapped by a man called Snerbert (Martin Ferrero) who wants to sell them for whippets. Once they have been caught, Snerbert's assistant, Webster, confessed and helped", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17014511", "chunk_text": "\"Chantal Strand\"\nNew Adventures of Madeline\"\", going on to play the title character in two feature films. Strand is now currently working on the television series \"\"\"\" as the voice of Diamond Tiara and her mother, Spoiled Rich. Chantal Strand Chantal Strand (born October 15, 1987) is a Canadian voice actress, actress, singer, stunt performer, and writer. She is best known for her roles as Holly in \"\"The Charlie Horse Music Pizza\"\", Sarah's Sister in \"\"Life-Size\"\", Kelly in \"\"Barbie in The Nutcracker\"\", and Tammy in \"\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\". At a young age, Strand started off doing stunts on \"\"Look Who's Talking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4982423", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Watkins\"\nof Technology Sydney. She has taught children dance since she was in high school. She has also performed in Bollywood films, played drums and percussion instruments, was learning Australian Sign Language in 2012, and was crowned Miss Granny Smith Apples in 2009. In 2010, Watkins began performing with The Wiggles, first as Fairy Larissa and then as Wags the Dog, Dorothy the Dinosaur, and as a Wiggly Dancer. She used her film skills during tours with the group, providing them with video and editing services. In May 2012, The Wiggles announced that Watkins would replace founding member Greg Page as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10875086", "chunk_text": "\"Air Buddies\"\nfilm, released after their deaths. Through a voiceover, Sniffer (voiced by Don Knotts) introduces the five Air Buddies, describes their personalities and recaps how the puppies' father, Air Bud, made the town of Fernfield famous through his love of sport. When their families leave home for a basketball game, the puppies get into trouble with their sitter, Mrs Niggles, by playing with balls of wool and eating a blueberry pie. This prompts their owners to finally put the puppies up for adoption. Meanwhile, Selkirk Tander (Holmes Osborne) tries to impress Mr. Livingston's (Steve Makaj) son, Bartleby Livingston by showing him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11869673", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud\"\nAir Bud Air Bud is a 1997 American comedy film that sparked the franchise centered on the real-life dog Air Buddy, a cross-bred Golden Retriever, who shoots basketball hoops and appears as Old Blue/Buddy. The film was financially successful, grossing $4 million in its opening weekend and totaling $27.8 million in its run against an estimated $3 million budget. Norm Snively, an alcoholic and bumbling clown, and his Golden Retriever Old Blue are doing a show at a child's birthday party. After Blue causes havoc at the party, Snively angrily takes him in a kennel to a dog pound (though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14150958", "chunk_text": "\"Kyra Sundance\"\nKyra Sundance Kyra Sundance (born July 20, 1970 in Orange County, California) is a dog trainer, performer, and author. Sundance and her Weimaraners perform live acrobatic shows, and have appeared at professional sports halftime shows, and on television shows including \"\"The Tonight Show\"\", \"\"Ellen\"\", \"\"ET\"\", Worldwide Fido Awards, Animal Planet's Pet Star, \"\"Showdog Moms & Dads\"\", and Disney’s \"\"Underdog\"\" stage show at the El Capitan theater in Hollywood. Sundance and her dogs performed a command performance in Marrakech for the King of Morocco. Before her performing career, Sundance was active in competitive dog sports, earning titles in Obedience, Agility, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12670058", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Fowlie\"\nJimmy Fowlie Jimmy Fowlie () is an actor and writer who publishes YouTube content. Formerly of The Groundlings, he produced \"\"Go-Go Boy Interrupted\"\", an LGBT-themed comedy web series based on his live sketch comedy show of the same name. He is also known for writing and performing as Emma Stone in the one-woman Off-Broadway show \"\"So Long Boulder City\"\". Fowlie appeared on \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\", \"\"The Joe Schmo Show\"\", and online shorts by Collegehumor and \"\"Nacho Punch\"\". He appeared on HBO's \"\"The Comeback\"\" in 2014, and is a participant in the \"\"CBS Diversity Showcase\"\". Fowlie began performing with The Groundlings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6781521", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Roberts\"\nEmma Roberts Emma Rose Roberts (born February 10, 1991) is an American actress and singer. After making her film debut as Kristina Jung in the crime film \"\"Blow\"\" (2001), Roberts gained recognition for her lead role as Addie Singer on the Nickelodeon television series \"\"Unfabulous\"\" (2004–2007). She released her debut studio album \"\"Unfabulous and More\"\" in 2005. Roberts then appeared in numerous films, including \"\"Nancy Drew\"\" (2007), \"\"Wild Child\"\" (2008), \"\"Hotel for Dogs\"\" (2009), \"\"Valentine's Day\"\" (2010), \"\"It's Kind of a Funny Story\"\" (2010), and \"\"The Art of Getting By\"\" (2011). Looking for more mature roles, Roberts obtained starring roles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3240631", "chunk_text": "\"Kristin Fairlie\"\nKristin Fairlie Kristin Fairlie (born April 22, 1985) is a Canadian actress. In 1998 she won a Young Artist Award for Best Ensemble for her lead role in the Showtime original movie \"\"The Sweetest Gift\"\". As a voice actress, Fairlie has voiced the roles of the title character in \"\"Little Bear\"\", Bridgette in \"\"Total Drama\"\", Carrie in \"\"\"\", and Emma in \"\"Stoked\"\". Fairlie made her feature film debut in \"\"The Scarlet Letter\"\". In 1999 she was among the winners of the Youth in Film Awards for Best Performance in a TV Movie/Pilot/Made-for-Video: Young Ensemble for her role in the Showtime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9448708", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud: World Pup\"\nwork out between Buddy and Molly and they become infatuated on the second floor in Emma's house, all the while Andrea Framm and her best friend Tammy want to scope out what was going on at the party. Molly quickly has puppies with Josh's basketball and football-playing dog, Buddy. Next, it is discovered that Buddy also has the uncanny ability to play soccer. However, the soccer committee decided to ban the Timberwolves from the soccer league just because they had Buddy on their team. The Timberwolves could remove Buddy from their team or remove their team from the league. Knowing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7849288", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Jill Miller\"\nBig Red Dog, Clifford's Puppy Days\"\". Miller's roles include the recurring roles of Pookie, Wiki, and Tini on Disney Channel's \"\"Higglytown Heroes\"\", Haruka of \"\"Daigunder\"\", and the Nick Jr. series \"\"Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!\"\" as Widget, the show's problem-solving pink creature resembling a rabbit, both PBS series \"\"Curious George\"\" as Allie and \"\"SciGirls\"\" as Izzie, and regular guest-starring roles on several other animated series. As of 2017, she is doing voice work on the Disney Channel/Disney Junior television series \"\"Doc McStuffins\"\" as the voice of Lambie, as well as the Nickelodeon television series \"\"The Loud House\"\" in which she voices Lisa.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3184167", "chunk_text": "\"Alanna Ubach\"\nAlanna Ubach Alanna Noel Ubach (born October 3, 1975) is an American actress and voice artist known for her roles in \"\"Coco\"\" as Mama Imelda, \"\"Legally Blonde\"\" as Serena McGuire and \"\"Meet the Fockers\"\" as Isabel Villalobos. She has provided voices for several characters in a number of animated television shows and movies, such as Liz Allan on \"\"The Spectacular Spider-Man\"\", the title character on \"\"\"\", Lola Boa on \"\"Brandy & Mr. Whiskers\"\", Strudel on \"\"Pound Puppies\"\" and four characters in the Oscar-winning animated film \"\"Rango\"\". She played the first female assistant, Josie, on \"\"Beakman's World\"\". Ubach was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16929792", "chunk_text": "\"Jessie Rogers\"\nJessie Rogers Jessie Rogers (born August 8, 1993) is a Brazilian-American Internet celebrity and former pornographic actress. Rogers was born in Goiânia, Brazil. She attended El Camino High School in South San Francisco, California in 2008. She did some mainstream modeling in New York prior to her adult film career. Rogers debuted in the adult film industry a few days after her eighteenth birthday in August 2011. In 2012, she had a breast augmentation, taking her from an A to a D cup. That same year, she portrayed Emma Bunton in an adult film parody of the Spice Girls. Rogers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7849284", "chunk_text": "\"Lara Jill Miller\"\nLara Jill Miller Lara Jill Miller (born April 20, 1967) is an American actress, known for her role as Samantha \"\"Sam\"\" Kanisky on the 1980s sitcom \"\"Gimme a Break!\"\" and as Kathy on \"\"The Amanda Show\"\". As a voice actress, she had roles in English dubs of Japanese anime such as Kari in \"\"Digimon Adventure\"\" and Koko in \"\"Zatch Bell!\"\". In cartoons, she voices the title characters in \"\"Clifford's Puppy Days\"\", \"\"The Life and Times of Juniper Lee\"\" and \"\"Henry Hugglemonster\"\" and also voices Izzie in \"\"SciGirls\"\", Widget in \"\"Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!\"\", Allie in \"\"Curious George\"\", Lambie in \"\"Doc McStuffins\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18619652", "chunk_text": "\"Christine Ko\"\nChristine Ko Christine Ko (born August 3, 1988 ) is an American actress best known for her role as Emma on the CBS sitcom \"\"The Great Indoors\"\". Before her success in America she had a brief career in Taiwan in the early 2010s. She is the daughter of legendary Taiwanese entertainer Frankie Kao. Ko also guest starred in the HBO comedy series \"\"Ballers\"\". She joined the cast of the television series \"\"Hawaii Five 0\"\" part way into its eighth season. Ko was born in Chicago and alternately grew up in Atlanta and Taiwan. Ko is of Taiwanese descent and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17877789", "chunk_text": "\"Ginnifer Goodwin\"\nGinnifer Goodwin Jennifer Michelle \"\"Ginnifer\"\" Goodwin (born May 22, 1978) is an American actress. She is known for playing Margene Heffman in the drama series \"\"Big Love\"\" (2006–2011), Snow White/Mary Margaret Blanchard in the fantasy series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2011–2017, 2018), and Judy Hopps in the Disney animated film \"\"Zootopia\"\". She also played Fawn in the Disney film \"\"Tinker Bell and the Legend of the Neverbeast\"\". Goodwin has also appeared in various films including \"\"Mona Lisa Smile\"\", \"\"Something Borrowed\"\", \"\"Walk the Line\"\", \"\"Killing Kennedy\"\", \"\"He's Just Not That Into You\"\", and \"\"Ramona and Beezus\"\". Goodwin was born in Memphis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16343690", "chunk_text": "\"Kayla Maisonet\"\nKayla Maisonet Kayla Rose Maisonet (born June 20, 1999) is an American actress. She is known for playing Georgie Diaz in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"Stuck in the Middle\"\". Prior to her role on \"\"Stuck in the Middle\"\", Maisonet had a recurring role in the Disney Channel series \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\" playing the role of Lindsay, Avery's best friend. She won the award for the Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actress for her performances on \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\" at the 35th Young Artist Awards in 2014. Maisonet has appeared on Nickelodeon's \"\"The Haunted Hathaways\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13921837", "chunk_text": "\"Air Bud (series)\"\nSanta Paws: The Story of Santa's Dog. Air Bud (series) The Air Bud film series (also known as Air Buddies or Disney Buddies) is an American film franchise based on a sports-playing Golden Retriever named Buddy, portrayed by Air Buddy. The franchise began in 1997 with the theatrical release of \"\"Air Bud\"\", followed by the theatrical release of \"\"\"\" in 1998. The rest of the films in the series were released in direct-to-video form. The \"\"Air Buddies\"\" or \"\"Disney Buddies\"\" spin-off series began in 2006 with the release of \"\"Air Buddies\"\" and it focuses on the adventures of Buddy's talking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13781242", "chunk_text": "\"Maddie Taylor\"\nMaddie Taylor Maddie Taylor (born as Matthew William Taylor; December 31, 1966 in Flint, Michigan) is an American voice actress, story artist and comedian, known for voicing Verminious Snaptrap in \"\"T.U.F.F. Puppy\"\" and Sparky in \"\"The Fairly OddParents\"\". While starting as a storyboard artist at Sony Pictures Animation, Taylor lent her voice to Deni, the crazed duck, and Buddy, the blue porcupine, in the studio's first full feature \"\"Open Season\"\", as well as voicing Elliot in the video game adaptation, replacing Ashton Kutcher. In the film's two sequels, she replaced Patrick Warburton as the strong mule deer Ian in \"\"Open", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16343691", "chunk_text": "\"Kayla Maisonet\"\nas Lilly, in the Disney Channel pilot \"\"Shmagreggie Saves the World\"\" as TMC, and on the FOX comedy \"\"Mulaney\"\". Kayla Maisonet Kayla Rose Maisonet (born June 20, 1999) is an American actress. She is known for playing Georgie Diaz in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"Stuck in the Middle\"\". Prior to her role on \"\"Stuck in the Middle\"\", Maisonet had a recurring role in the Disney Channel series \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\" playing the role of Lindsay, Avery's best friend. She won the award for the Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actress for her performances on \"\"Dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997221", "chunk_text": "\"Mariah Buzolin\"\nbegan her acting career in 2007 when she playing Sara in \"\"Fallout\"\" and also playing Mary in \"\"The Faithful\"\" alongside \"\"Aliens in the Attic\"\" star, Austin Butler. She also had appearance on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Zoey 101\"\" as Brooke Margolin. In 2009, she playing Beth on the American children's comedy film, \"\"Hotel For Dogs\"\" alongside Emma Roberts and Jake T. Austin. She became known for her role as Angelina on the Disney Channel series, \"\"Jonas\"\". In 2012, she guest starred on the Nickelodeon show, \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" and played Zoe Mendez on \"\"Jane by Design\"\". Mariah Buzolin Mariah Buzolin Oliveira (born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6347451", "chunk_text": "\"Corrine Koslo\"\nRachel Lynde in the 2017 version of \"\"Anne\"\", and has voiced characters in the animated series \"\"Beverly Hills Teens\"\", \"\"Babar\"\", and \"\"The New Adventures of Madeline\"\". In 2017, it was announced that Koslo would voice the role of Emma in \"\"Corner Gas Animated\"\", following the death of original \"\"Corner Gas\"\" performer Janet Wright. Corrine Koslo Corrine Koslo (born c. 1958) is a Canadian actress. Primarily a stage actress most prominently associated with the Shaw Festival, she has also had supporting and voice roles in film and television. A 1981 graduate of the Vancouver Playhouse's acting school, she has acted on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12336184", "chunk_text": "\"Miriam McDonald\"\nMiriam McDonald Miriam Katherine McDonald (born July 26, 1987) is a Canadian actress best known for playing the lead female character Emma Nelson on the television series \"\"\"\". McDonald focused on acting, landing a job in the series, \"\"System Crash\"\", in 1999. McDonald found a niche as a voice-over actress, after she was cast in 2001 in John Kricfalusi's \"\"The Ripping Friends\"\". She has done a total of 39 voice-over jobs. In 2000, she was cast as Emma Nelson in \"\"\"\", a spin-off of the successful \"\"Degrassi\"\" series. In 2004, she played Dawn Gensler in the made-for-television movie \"\"She's Too", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4803404", "chunk_text": "\"Erin Cardillo\"\nErin Cardillo Erin Cardillo (born February 17, 1977, in White Plains, New York, United States) is an American actress, producer, and television writer. She is best known for her role as Emma Tutweiller in \"\"The Suite Life on Deck\"\" and for her role as Esme Vanderheusen in \"\"Passions\"\". Cardillo began her acting career while at Greenwich High School in Greenwich, Connecticut. She then attended Northwestern University from which she graduated \"\"magna cum laude\"\" in 1999 with a Bachelor of Science degree in performance studies. It was there that she began to explore writing and adaptation, as well as acting. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10129087", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Dumont\"\nEmma Dumont Emma Dumont (born Emma Noelle Roberts; November 15, 1994) is an American actress, model, and dancer. She is best known for her roles as Melanie Segal in the ABC Family series \"\"Bunheads\"\", as Emma Karn on the NBC series \"\"Aquarius\"\" and as Lorna Dane/Polaris on the FOX series \"\"The Gifted\"\". Dumont was born in Seattle, Washington. She attended Washington Middle School and later James A. Garfield High School before homeschooling in order to pursue modeling and acting. She also attended Orange County High School of the Arts in the Music and Theater Conservatory in Santa Ana, California. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5545962", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Donnelly\"\nMeg Donnelly Meg Donnelly (born ) is an American actress and singer. She is known for playing Ash in Netflix's 2013 live-action/animated series \"\"Team Toon\"\", and for starring as Taylor Otto in the ABC comedy series \"\"American Housewife\"\" since 2016. In February 2018, Donnelly starred as Addison in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"\"Zombies\"\". Donnelly was born in New York City and grew up in Peapack, New Jersey. She is an only child. She began training in voice, dance and acting at the Annie’s Playhouse School of Performing Arts in Far Hills, New Jersey at the age of six. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5545964", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Donnelly\"\n\"\"Celebrity Ghost Stories\"\". Donnelly also appeared in the feature film \"\"The Broken Ones\"\" that premiered at the 2017 SOHO International Film Festival. Donnelly has played the starring role Taylor Otto in the ABC sitcom \"\"American Housewife\"\" since 2016. She stars as Addison in the Disney Channel Original Movie musical \"\"Zombies\"\" that premiered on February 16, 2018. On August 7, 2018, Donnelly released her first single, \"\"Smile\"\". Meg Donnelly Meg Donnelly (born ) is an American actress and singer. She is known for playing Ash in Netflix's 2013 live-action/animated series \"\"Team Toon\"\", and for starring as Taylor Otto in the ABC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13558544", "chunk_text": "Petcube\nPetcube Petcube is a connected technology startup that designs and develops hardware and software products for pets. It has raised $14 million in seed, venture and Series A financing and more than $500,000 from two Kickstarter campaigns. As of May 2017, Petcube had sold over 100,000 cameras. The company’s products are available in over 18 countries and are sold in over 5,000 retail locations. Celebrities including Emma Watson and famous pets like Manny the Frenchie have Petcube cameras. The company was founded in 2012, in Kyiv, Ukraine by Alex Neskin, Yaroslav Azhnyuk and Andrey Klen. The idea for Petcube came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16863", "chunk_text": "\"Growing the Big One\"\nGrowing the Big One Growing the Big One is a 2010 Canadian-American television film directed by Mark Griffiths. It was developed as one of twenty-four programs scheduled for broadcast on the Hallmark Channel and Hallmark Movies & Mysteries during the 2010–11 television season. Anna Sandor and Diane Mettler wrote the film; Howard Meltzer, Jane Goldenring, and Ted Bauman served as executive producers. Shannen Doherty and Kavan Smith star as the lead characters. One commentator noted that the film marked a transition for Doherty away from her \"\"bad girl\"\" reputation. The plot revolves around radio personality Emma Silver, played by Doherty,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6787726", "chunk_text": "\"Peyton List (actress, born 1998)\"\nPeyton List (actress, born 1998) Peyton Roi List (born April 6, 1998) is an American actress and model. She is known for playing Emma Ross on the Disney Channel comedy series \"\"Jessie\"\" and its spinoff \"\"Bunk'd\"\", and for playing Holly Hills in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. List appeared in various films and television episodes as a young child and modeled for tween magazines and companies. In 2011, she joined the cast of \"\"Jessie\"\" as Emma Ross, the eldest of four siblings that are being cared for by a young nanny. In 2015, she reprised the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8878948", "chunk_text": "\"Kuma von Clifford\"\nKuma von Clifford Kuma von Clifford (2001—November 30, 2018) was an American dog actor. With a career spanning from 2005 to 2017, the dog appeared in several films and starred as the original title character in the Disney Channel television series \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\", as well as the character of Grandma on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Mutt & Stuff\"\". Kuma was a lifelong resident of Southern California, where he was raised by Sarah Clifford. Kuma was a mutt, with Golden Retriever, Husky and Australian Shepherd lineage. The dog died in late November 2018 as the result of a stroke, shortly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10692706", "chunk_text": "\"G Hannelius\"\nG Hannelius Genevieve Knight \"\"G\"\" Hannelius (born December 22, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She starred as Avery Jennings in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\". Prior to this, she had recurring roles in the Disney Channel series \"\"Sonny with a Chance\"\" and \"\"Good Luck Charlie\"\". She has also starred in \"\"Leo Little's Big Show\"\" and has done voice work as Rosebud in the \"\"Air Buddies\"\" films. She also guest starred in Disney Channel's series \"\"Jessie\"\". Hannelius was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her father is Swedish. She moved to Falmouth, Maine at age three. Hannelius' theater", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1266458", "chunk_text": "\"G Hannelius\"\nWorlds, and has been hosting their annual fundraising event, \"\"Art in the Afternoon\"\", since 2013. Hannelius graduated from Sierra Canyon High School in May 2017. G Hannelius Genevieve Knight \"\"G\"\" Hannelius (born December 22, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She starred as Avery Jennings in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\". Prior to this, she had recurring roles in the Disney Channel series \"\"Sonny with a Chance\"\" and \"\"Good Luck Charlie\"\". She has also starred in \"\"Leo Little's Big Show\"\" and has done voice work as Rosebud in the \"\"Air Buddies\"\" films. She also guest starred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10129093", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Dumont\"\nsame year, in October. Emma Dumont Emma Dumont (born Emma Noelle Roberts; November 15, 1994) is an American actress, model, and dancer. She is best known for her roles as Melanie Segal in the ABC Family series \"\"Bunheads\"\", as Emma Karn on the NBC series \"\"Aquarius\"\" and as Lorna Dane/Polaris on the FOX series \"\"The Gifted\"\". Dumont was born in Seattle, Washington. She attended Washington Middle School and later James A. Garfield High School before homeschooling in order to pursue modeling and acting. She also attended Orange County High School of the Arts in the Music and Theater Conservatory in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18231925", "chunk_text": "\"Francesca Capaldi\"\n\"\"3 Day Test\"\" and in \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\" on Disney Channel, her series regular debut. She started her voicing career as the voice of the Little Red-Haired Girl in the 2015 film \"\"The Peanuts Movie\"\". Francesca Capaldi Francesca Angelucci Capaldi (born June 8, 2004) is an American child actress. She co-starred as Chloe James in the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\". Capaldi was born in La Jolla, California, and resides in Carlsbad, California with her parents. She began acting with small roles in the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"ANT Farm\"\" and in the CBS comedy \"\"How I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6086724", "chunk_text": "\"Sophia Ewaniuk\"\nSophia Ewaniuk Sophia Ewaniuk (born May 10, 2002) is a Canadian child film and television actress who landed her first major role as Emma Conroy in ABC's series \"\"Happy Town\"\", a role for which she had been nominated as a recurring lead in a television series at the 2011 Young Artist Awards. Previously, Sophia had appeared as Riley Adler on CTV’s drama \"\"Flashpoint\"\" in the season 3 episode \"\"Severed Ties\"\", which earned her a Young Artist Award nomination as a guest star in a television series. She has also appeared in the USA Network series \"\"Covert Affairs\"\" in the episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9776898", "chunk_text": "\"Air Buddy (dog)\"\ngolden retriever abandoned by his alcoholic abusive owner. In the movie, he moved in with a boy named Josh Framm who was depressed after his father died in a plane crash. He appeared on the Kids' Choice Awards in 1998, where he was nominated for a Blimp Award for the movie. Prior to his death, Buddy sired nine puppies. \"\"Air Bud\"\" was Buddy's final acting role. In 1997, Buddy had his right hind leg amputated due to synovial cell sarcoma, a type of cancer that manifests near the joints, although he was still able to shoot hoops. Six months later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770999", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Fuhrmann\"\ninclude her starring role as Finnegan O'Neil opposite Morgan Freeman in \"\"The Magic of Belle Isle\"\" directed by Rob Reiner and her co-starring role as Adam Sandler's character's daughter, Espn, in \"\"Blended\"\", starring Sandler and Drew Barrymore. Fuhrmann also starred in the 2015 film \"\"Lost in the Sun\"\", with Josh Duhamel and Lynn Collins. It is believed she will be playing an older Cassie Lang in the 2019 Marvel Studios She has been named one of the 11 Summer Box Office Newbies you need to know about by Teen.com. Emma Fuhrmann Emma Fuhrmann (born September 15, 2001) is an American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_761	how old was sasuke when his clan died?	n/a	[ "seven" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14069530", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nantisocial, he starts caring about Naruto and Sakura. During a mission, Sasuke awakens his Sharingan — his clan's inherited ability to see through illusions — which allows him to learn imperceptible movements at a superhuman rate. It is revealed later that Sasuke is the sole survivor of the once-powerful Uchiha clan of Konohagakure. He, at the age of seven, survived the massacre of his clan perpetrated by his brother, Itachi, who spared Sasuke's life because he did not consider him worth killing. Sasuke seeks strong fighting opponents to reassure himself his power is growing. During a ninja examination meant to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14069532", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nstronger. Thinking Orochimaru's training will make him more powerful, Sasuke becomes an outlaw. Naruto follows him and they fight when Sasuke refuses to return; Sasuke wins, spares Naruto's life, and continues to Orochimaru's hideout. After two-and-a-half years of training, Sasuke absorbs Orochimaru before he can possess his younger body. Following this, Sasuke forms Team Hebi to find Itachi. Itachi and Sasuke fight and Itachi dies at the climax of the battle from an illness. Sasuke then meets Tobi, Itachi's superior, who reveals that Itachi killed the Uchiha clan under orders from Konohagakure and spared Sasuke out of love rather than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16213461", "chunk_text": "\"Itachi Uchiha\"\nsomething. After Itachi's death, the two actors noted that in the end Itachi served as a good older brother to Sasuke. English actor Crispin Freeman was pleased with voicing Itachi regardless of how many times he revisited the series. Itachi is a member of the Uchiha Clan from the village of Konohagakure and the elder brother of Sasuke Uchiha. He grew up as the child prodigy of the Uchiha clan, establishing milestones for not only Sasuke, but also for future Uchiha to live up to. His early childhood was marred by war, the violence of which caused him to seek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5160984", "chunk_text": "Kamakura\nfirmly in his hands, but the Minamoto dynasty and its power however were to end as quickly and unexpectedly as they had started. In 1199 Yoritomo died falling from his horse when he was only 51 and was buried in a temple that had until then housed his tutelary goddess. He was succeeded by his 17-year-old son Minamoto no Yoriie under the regency of his maternal grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa. A long and bitter fight ensued in which entire clans like the Hatakeyama, the Hiki, and the Wada were wiped out by the Hōjō who wished to get rid of Yoritomo's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1603831", "chunk_text": "\"Sasaki Kojirō\"\nthat Toda Seigen died in the 1590s. This unreliability of the sources means Sasaki's age could have varied anywhere from his 20s to as late as his 50s. Even worse, a number of scholars contend that identifying Seigen as Sasaki's teacher is a mistake, and that he was actually trained by a student of Seigen's, Kanemaki Jisai. Apparently, the young Miyamoto, at the time, around 29 years old, heard of Sasaki's fame and asked Lord Hosokawa Tadaoki, through the intermediary of Nagaoka Sado Okinaga, a principal vassal of Hosokawa, to arrange a duel. Hosokawa assented, and set the time and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16053467", "chunk_text": "\"Forty-seven rōnin\"\nkilled himself in . This has caused a considerable amount of confusion ever since, with some people referring to the \"\"forty-six rōnin\"\"; this refers to the group put to death by the \"\"shōgun\"\", while the actual attack party numbered forty-seven. The forty-seventh \"\"rōnin\"\", identified as Terasaka Kichiemon, eventually returned from his mission and was pardoned by the \"\"shōgun\"\" (some say on account of his youth). He lived until the age of 87, dying around 1747, and was then buried with his comrades. The assailants who died by \"\"seppuku\"\" were subsequently interred on the grounds of Sengaku-ji, in front of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5057485", "chunk_text": "\"Hijikata Toshizō\"\nsister Shuu died when he was about three years old and his mother Etsu also died when he was six years old, and he was therefore raised by his 2nd older brother Kiroku and sister-in-law. He was apparently tall compared to the average Japanese men of the period, and it is said that he was very handsome. He was said to be spoiled at an early age and was alleged to be mean to all but his friends and family. This changed when a 21-year-old swordsman from the Aizu clan known for opposing the Reformists was forced to commit seppuku.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "887137", "chunk_text": "\"Fujiwara no Morosuke\"\nbut Emperor Murakami sent a messenger to dissuade him. Even so, his sickness worsened, and on May 29 he cut off his hair, only to die two days later on May 31, 960, at the age of 53. Morosuke never held the position of sekkan in his life, but the successive reigns of his grandchildren Emperor Reizei and Emperor En'yū after Murakami's death put his family in an outstanding position as the emperor's maternal relatives. His eldest son Koretada briefly held power as sekkan, and his other sons Kanemichi, Kaneie, Tamemitsu, and Kinsue also all attained the position of \"\"daijō-daijin\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16048501", "chunk_text": "Aizu\nwas allowed the use of the Tokugawa hollyhock crest and the Matsudaira surname, and from then on was known as the Aizu-Matsudaira clan, with the name Hoshina being used mainly for internal documents. In 1822, the Hoshina-Matsudaira line became extinct with the death of the seventh lord Katahiro, at the age of only 15. He was succeeded by the eighth lord Katataka, who was a sixth cousin (twice removed) and a member of the Takasu cadet branch of the Mito collateral line. He died without heirs in 1852 and was succeeded by his grandnephew, the famous Katamori, whose descendants have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6171566", "chunk_text": "\"Sasaki clan\"\n(adoptive) uncles, brothers, nephews, cousins and clansmen. After his brother Minamoto no Yoshitomo was killed (1160), and the defeat of the Seiwa Genji, he went North to ask Fujiwara no Hidehira of Mutsu province to give him shelter, but stopped at Shibuya (Sagami province) and remained at that place for 20 years. When his nephew Minamoto no Yoritomo rose in revolt against the Taira, he with his four sons sided with him (1180). He was killed during the Genpei war (1180-1185) at the battle of Ōhara (1184) in Ōmi province fighting against the Taira clan. His descendants received from their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459645", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\ncontempt. Sasuke rejoins Hebi — which he renames Taka — and declares his intention to destroy his former village in retribution. Due to his brother's death, Sasuke's Sharingan has evolved into a , giving him powerful new techniques. After he agrees to work temporarily for Tobi's terrorist organization, Akatsuki, Sasuke becomes a criminal. He kills Danzo Shimura — a mastermind of the Uchiha massacre and the Hokage, the leader of Konohagakure. Sasuke is confronted by his former Team 7 colleagues and Naruto challenges him to a death match. Sasuke initially prepares to fight Naruto but instead decides to protect Konohagakure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11745842", "chunk_text": "\"Matsudaira Sukemasa\"\nMatsudaira Sukemasa Matsudaira Sukemasa was the third son of Matsudaira Sukekuni, the \"\"daimyō\"\" of Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province. On the death of his father in 1752, he became \"\"daimyō\"\" of Hamamatsu Domain and head of the Okōchi-branch of the Matsudaira clan at the age of eight. On December 27, 1758, he was transferred to Miyazu Domain in Tango Province, but owing to his poor health, was unable to exercise administration. On November 27, 1761, he retired from public life, turning the domain over to his adopted son Matsudaira Suketada. Sukemasa died two months later at the age of 17.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11745843", "chunk_text": "\"Matsudaira Sukemasa\"\nMatsudaira Sukemasa Matsudaira Sukemasa was the third son of Matsudaira Sukekuni, the \"\"daimyō\"\" of Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province. On the death of his father in 1752, he became \"\"daimyō\"\" of Hamamatsu Domain and head of the Okōchi-branch of the Matsudaira clan at the age of eight. On December 27, 1758, he was transferred to Miyazu Domain in Tango Province, but owing to his poor health, was unable to exercise administration. On November 27, 1761, he retired from public life, turning the domain over to his adopted son Matsudaira Suketada. Sukemasa died two months later at the age of 17.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "339349", "chunk_text": "Rikimaru\nThis event marked the death of Rikimaru's former personality. Upon his master's death, Rikimaru takes the role of leader of the Azuma Ninja Clan at the age of 18. Rikimaru wields the ancient sword Izayoi, which is passed on through the generations from leader to leader. Rikimaru took possession of the sword during the war with the Burning Dawn. Ayame defeated Tatsumaru, who had previously wielded Izayoi, and gave it to Rikimaru, effectively turning over leadership of the clan to him. Izayoi does have certain magical properties, and is also extremely strong and resilient to injury. The only time it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14069527", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nI as a young, spiky-black-haired pre-teen wearing a blue shirt with an image of a fan that represents his clan on its back. He also wears short white pants and a Konohagakure headband. Early in the series, Orochimaru brands Sasuke with a Cursed Seal that, when activated, covers his body with black marks and later gives him gray skin, white hair, and claw-like wings. In Part II, he is normally depicted wearing a white kimono and black pants. Although he is skilled in the use of shuriken, in Part II Sasuke uses a \"\"chokutō\"\" sword that he calls Kusanagi. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "158077", "chunk_text": "\"Asakura Yoshikage\"\nyears. Yoshikage was eventually betrayed by his cousin, Asakura Kageaki (1529–1574) in 1573. He was forced to commit suicide by seppuku at Rokubō Kenshō-ji, a temple which was located in present-day Ōno, Fukui Prefecture. He was 39 years old. The Asakura clan was destroyed with the death of Yoshikage. The former Asakura residence in Fukui Prefecture was excavated in 1967 and revealed the ruins of the castle, residences, and gardens of Ichijōdani. The site has been designated a Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites, and an Important Cultural Properties of Japan as the Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459646", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nafter he encounters the re-animated bodies of Itachi and the First Hokage. He rejoins Team 7 and fights the Ten-Tails monster that is controlled by the masterminds behind Akatsuki. Sasuke inherits the Rinnegan — a legendary eye technique — from the spirit of the Sage of the Six Paths Hagoromo Otsutsuki, the first ninja. Team 7 fights and seals an ancient being called Kaguya Otsutsuki — Hagoromo's mother — who created the Ten-Tails. Sasuke then fights Naruto alone to settle their village's future; when he loses his left arm, Sasuke surrenders and reconciles with Naruto. Sasuke then destroys Akatsuki's illusion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7002728", "chunk_text": "\"Sarutobi Sasuke\"\nSarutobi (Hiruzen's son) and the great grandfather of Konohamaru (Asuma's nephew). One of the main characters is named Sasuke Uchiha; it is mentioned that Sasuke Uchiha was named after Sasuke Sarutobi in hopes that he would become a great shinobi just like Sarutobi. Sarutobi Sasuke Sasuke is commonly listed as the member/leader of Sanada Ten Braves, a fictional group of ten ninja that supposedly assisted the warlord Sanada Yukimura at the battles of Osaka Castle during the final phases of the Japanese civil war era, and he is by far the best known and most popular among them. When appearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18130998", "chunk_text": "\"Takenouchi no Sukune\"\nhis martial services to these emperors, he was reputedly also a \"\"saniwa\"\", or spirit medium. Twenty-eight Japanese clans are said to be descended from Takenouchi no Sukune, including Takeuchi and Soga. He is a legendary figure, and is said to have drunk daily from a sacred well, and this helped him to live to be 280 years old. Further, he is enshrined as a Kami at the Ube shrine, in the Iwami district of the Tottori Prefecture and at local Hachiman shrines. His portrait has also appeared on the Japanese yen, and dolls of him are popular Children’s Day gifts.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7002720", "chunk_text": "\"Sarutobi Sasuke\"\nSarutobi Sasuke Sasuke is commonly listed as the member/leader of Sanada Ten Braves, a fictional group of ten ninja that supposedly assisted the warlord Sanada Yukimura at the battles of Osaka Castle during the final phases of the Japanese civil war era, and he is by far the best known and most popular among them. When appearing with Kirigakure Saizō, one of his fellow Ten Braves, he is often thus contrasted with his best friend/arch-rival, who usually has an elegant, or at least clean-cut, appearance and magic-like ability. Sasuke is generally said to be a Kōga ninja, whereas Saizō is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3500044", "chunk_text": "\"Takahito, Prince Mikasa\"\nTakahito, Prince Mikasa With the death of his sister-in-law, Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu, on 17 December 2004, he became the oldest living member of the Imperial House of Japan. As a centenarian, Prince Takahito was the oldest living royal, the oldest living prince in line of succession, and also the last one in it. He died at age 100 on 27 October 2016 of cardiac arrest after being hospitalized for pneumonia. Prince Takahito was born at the Tokyo Imperial Palace, in the third year of his father's reign and a full fifteen years after the birth of the future Emperor Shōwa.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13274564", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\na meteor. He is a recurring character in the \"\"Naruto\"\" light novels and the protagonist of the manga \"\"Naruto Jinraiden: The Day the Wolf Howled\"\" (2012), which explores Sasuke's reflections after Itachi's death and his decision to destroy Konohagakure. In \"\"Sakura Hiden\"\" (2015), an adult Sasuke continues his journey of redemption but returns to Konohagakure out of concern for Sakura's safety. In \"\"Akatsuki Hiden\"\" (2015), Sasuke meets two children who tell him stories about Akatsuki and they discuss Itachi's legacy. He is the protagonist of \"\"Sasuke Shinden\"\" (2015); he agrees to aid Konohagakure by investigating a series of disappearances, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3488553", "chunk_text": "\"Shibata clan\"\nShibata clan The Shibata clan a Japanese clan that had originated during the Heian period (12th century) of Japan. The Shibata clan of Echigo province were notably related to that of the Shibata clan of Owari province. The Shibata clan of Echigo were descended from Sasaki Moritsuna, a supporter of Minamoto no Yoritomo and a son of Sasaki Hideyoshi. The Shibata later became retainers of the Nagao clan, which was under control by the famed Uesugi Kenshin. After Shibata Shigeie died during the year of 1587, the Shibata clan attempted to break away from the Uesugi. After this, the clan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14069528", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\naddition to using Kusanagi for swordsmanship, Sasuke combines it with lightning-based techniques to increase the power of his attacks. In \"\"The Last: Naruto the Movie\"\", his adult wardrobe consists of gray pants and a light-brown cloak over a black shirt, while in \"\"Boruto: Naruto the Movie\"\", he wears black pants and a black cape over a lilac vest. Sasuke is a silent character who tries to gain more power and kill his older brother, Itachi, for betraying and murdering their clan. He cares about his teammates and saves them on numerous occasions, but he severs all of his bonds later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1603830", "chunk_text": "\"Sasaki Kojirō\"\nof accounts of the duel, varying in most details except the essentials, such as Sasaki's defeat. The age of Sasaki is especially uncertain – the \"\"Nitenki\"\" says that during his childhood, he The \"\"Nitenki\"\"s account initially seems trustworthy, until it goes on to give the age of Sasaki at the time of the duel as 18 years old; it is known that two years earlier he had been a head weapons master for a fief – but then that would imply he had reached such a position at the age of 16, which is extremely improbable. A further complication is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11762117", "chunk_text": "\"The Great Sasuke\"\nThe Great Sasuke , (born July 18, 1969), is a Japanese professional wrestler, promoter and politician, currently wrestling for Michinoku Pro Wrestling under the ring name . Aside from professional wrestling, he is also a former Iwate Prefectural Assembly legislator. He has wrestled in Japan and in the United States in various professional wrestling promotions. He is said to have an incredible tolerance for pain, mainly in reference to the injuries he has had including a cracked skull on two occasions. In his early career, Murakawa wrestled under the name \"\"Masa Michinoku\"\". Masa, from his given name Masanori, and Michinoku,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2319913", "chunk_text": "\"Sugano no Mamichi\"\nIn 809, he was promoted to and placed in charge of Tōkaidō. In 811, during the reign of Emperor Saga, Mamichi reached the age of 70 and retired from his post as \"\"sangi\"\". He died on July 23, 814 at the age of 74, with the rank of and as governor of Hitachi Province. According to the Shinsen Shōjiroku, Mamichi was descended from the 14th king of Baekje, Geungusu of Baekje. Sugano no Mamichi , originally known as , was a Japanese noble of the early Heian period. He reached the court rank of and the position of \"\"sangi\"\". In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20959391", "chunk_text": "\"Masashi Kishimoto\"\ndone a wrong deed in the past but was not certain of what was exactly. By volume 16 of the series which featured Itachi's actual introduction, Kishimoto decided Itachi was an agent working for Konohagakure to kill all members from the Uchiha clan except Sasuke. This is later revealed in volume 43 of the manga. Another one was the revelation that the late Minato Namikaze would be Naruto's father. When Kishimoto had the idea that Minato would be Naruto's father, he started adding hints of that to the reader such as giving the Hokage mountain from Konohagakure spiky hair similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5339784", "chunk_text": "\"Minamoto no Michichika\"\nMichichika's eldest son Michimune rose to the and position of \"\"sangi\"\", as well as , but in 1198 he died at the age of 31. However, Michimune's daughter and Emperor Tsuchimikado's son became Emperor Go-Saga, and so Michichika's family gained the position of maternal relatives to both Tsuchimikado and Go-Saga. Later, the Saionji family rose to power, and Michichika's clan never regained the stature it had during his life. Even so, his children Michitomo, Michiteru, Sadamichi, and Michikata split the family into the Horikawa clan, Koga clan, Tsuchimikado clan, and Nakanoin clan. The Horikawa and Tsuchimikado clans died out in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20821334", "chunk_text": "\"Sogen Kato\"\ndated back three decades to the Shōwa period, suggesting that Kato's death may have occurred around November 1978. An official named Yutaka Muroi said, \"\"His family must have known he has(d) been dead all these years and acted as if nothing happened. It's so eerie.\"\" The day after the visit, Kato's granddaughter told an acquaintance that \"\"my grandfather shut himself in a room on the first floor of our home 32 years ago, and we couldn't open the door from the outside. My mother said, 'Leave him in there,' and he was left as he was. I think he's dead.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7775764", "chunk_text": "\"Forty-seven rōnin\"\nTsunetomo, author of the \"\"Hagakure\"\", who asked the well known question: \"\"What if, nine months after Asano's death, Kira had died of an illness?\"\" His answer was that the forty-seven \"\"rōnin\"\" would have lost their only chance at avenging their master. Even if they had claimed, then, that their dissipated behavior was just an act, that in just a little more time they would have been ready for revenge, who would have believed them? They would have been forever remembered as cowards and drunkards—bringing eternal shame to the name of the Asano clan. The right thing for the \"\"rōnin\"\" to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13334904", "chunk_text": "\"Sasaki clan\"\nSasaki clan They are descended directly from Emperor Uda (868-897) by his grandson Minamoto no Masazane (920-993) (Uda Genji), but were adopted by the Seiwa Genji. Minamoto no Nariyori, great-grandson of Masazane, is the first who took the name of Sasaki from his domain in Ōmi province (now Shiga). Hideyoshi (1112–1184), descendant of Minamoto no Nariyori, lost his parents young and became an orphan. He was adopted by Minamoto no Tameyoshi (then head of the Seiwa Genji). He participated to the Hōgen war (1156) in which his father Minamoto no Tameyoshi was killed, and the Heiji war (1159) with his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459640", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nsharper facial features. In contrast with the older Naruto, who cut his hair, Sasuke's hairstyle grew longer to cover part of the character's face. In the original concept, the hair hid Sasuke's mysterious left eye — the . According to Kishimoto, he decided to give the character a large hood because Sasuke concealed his identity during the events of the film. Sasuke's design was specifically created to support his actions; the area that showed Sasuke had lost his left arm in the \"\"Naruto\"\" finale was also covered by his clothes. Sasuke is voiced by Noriaki Sugiyama in Japanese media. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149572", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nSasuke learns the truth about his brother's role in the massacre of the Uchiha clan. Sugiyama thought Sasuke's line, \"\"you are annoying\"\", summed up the character's feelings toward Sakura and indicated a change in their relationship each time it was said; although she initially annoys him, he smiles when he repeats it before leaving Konohagakure. Naruto's Japanese voice actress, Junko Takeuchi, said Sasuke's line addressed to Sakura, \"\"see you next time... thank you\"\", revealed his feelings for her. Sugiyama stated that by the end of the series, Sasuke realized how much he had hurt Sakura's feelings and apologized to her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5085950", "chunk_text": "\"Hotta Masamori\"\n110,000 \"\"koku\"\" for the remainder of the Edo period. Masamori committed \"\"junshi\"\" (suicide after the death of one's lord) in 1651, at the age of 44. Hotta Masamori Hotta Masamori rose through the ranks of the Tokugawa shogunate; his family had a very short history with the Tokugawa family prior to his father Masayoshi's generation. Masayoshi was granted a 700 \"\"koku\"\" stipend and his house instituted as a hatamoto family, following his and his ancestors' service with a variety of other clans, among them the Oda, Toyotomi, Maeda, and Kobayakawa. Thanks to his distinction at the Osaka Winter Campaign, Masayoshi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149568", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nhabit of giving characters as much ornamentation as possible; realizing he could not draw such a complex character on a weekly basis, Kishimoto simplified the design to a basic contrast with Naruto's costume. The — one of Sasuke and Kakashi Hatake's best-known fighting techniques — originally had a different name that Kishimoto forgot. He found the name \"\"Chidori\"\" and its variant, the \"\"Lightning Blade\"\", appropriate. Kishimoto considered Sasuke his most challenging character to design and draw. He lacked a clear idea of how his face should look, saying Sasuke seemed older than Naruto, his contemporary, and felt this inconvenience was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7267685", "chunk_text": "\"Sadako Sasaki\"\n\"\"It's tasty\"\". She then thanked her family. Those were her last words. With her family and friends around her, Sasaki died on the morning of October 25, 1955, at the age of 12. After her death, Sasaki's body was examined by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) for research on the effects of the atomic bomb on the human body. It was later revealed that the ABCC had also conducted tests on Sasaki while she was alive for the same reasons. After her death, Sasaki's friends and schoolmates published a collection of letters in order to raise funds to build", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "149556", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nfirst name came from Sanpei Shirato's manga \"\"Sasuke\"\" and Sarutobi Sasuke, a fictional ninja character in Japanese children's stories. To introduce Sasuke, Kishimoto wrote a chapter that was set before the formation of his ninja squad, Team 7. The idea was scrapped and Sasuke was introduced with Team 7, retaining the same traits and rivalry with Naruto. Kishimoto had read a variety of manga to obtain ideas for the creation of an effective rivalry between two characters, which he incorporated into Naruto and Sasuke's relationship. He was also inspired by his relationship with his twin brother, Seishi Kishimoto; since childhood,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3338686", "chunk_text": "\"Amago Tsunehisa\"\nlate years were troubled by constant internal troubles. In 1532, he was forced to crash Amago Okihisa for revolting at age of 74 and was left without a successor. In 1538, he handed over the Amago clan to Amago Haruhisa and three years later, he died from illness fearing young Haruhisa may be too inexperienced. His burial name is \"\"興国院月叟省心大居士\"\" and is buried in Dokoji of Shimane prefecture. Amago Tsunehisa He was born to Amago Kiyosada as the eldest son. His childhood name was Matashiro (又四郎). In 1473, he already acted as the deputy for his father and dealt with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15901316", "chunk_text": "\"Shibata clan\"\nof Echigo became extinct, never to be seen again. Shibata clan The Shibata clan a Japanese clan that had originated during the Heian period (12th century) of Japan. The Shibata clan of Echigo province were notably related to that of the Shibata clan of Owari province. The Shibata clan of Echigo were descended from Sasaki Moritsuna, a supporter of Minamoto no Yoritomo and a son of Sasaki Hideyoshi. The Shibata later became retainers of the Nagao clan, which was under control by the famed Uesugi Kenshin. After Shibata Shigeie died during the year of 1587, the Shibata clan attempted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11957049", "chunk_text": "\"Date Chikamune\"\ndeemed inappropriate. His younger half-brother, Tokusaburō (Date Narimune) was adopted as his heir in 1812. Chikamune died a two months later at the age of 17. His grave is at the Zuihoden in Sendai. His wife later remarried to Matsudaira Naritsugu, \"\"daimyō\"\" of Fukui Domain. Chikamune was not seen in public after he contracted smallpox on 4 January 1806 and died of unknown causes two months after the appointment of Date Narimune as his successor. This has led many historians to postulate that Chikamune may have actually died in 1806, and that his death was kept a secret from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15583555", "chunk_text": "\"Takeda Shingen\"\ndifferent stories, some of which are as follows. When Takeda Shingen was 49 years old, he was the only \"\"daimyō\"\" with the necessary power and tactical skill to stop Oda Nobunaga's rush to rule Japan. He engaged Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces in 1572 and captured Futamata, and in January engaged in the Battle of Mikatagahara, where he defeated, but not decisively, a small combined army of Nobunaga and Ieyasu. After defeating Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shingen stopped his advance temporarily due to outside influences, which allowed the Tokugawa to prepare for battle again. He entered Mikawa Province, but soon died in the camp.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6253068", "chunk_text": "\"Naruto Shippuden: Legends: Akatsuki Rising\"\nto react, and he died in a way similar to how his parents used to embrace him. At the end of the battle, Chiyo, Sasori, and Sakura were all fatally wounded, but Chiyo used a One's Own Life Reincarnation's technique she originally developed for Sasori to save Sakura's life. The technique uses the user's own life energy, making it fatal to use to animate a puppet or reanimate the deceased, but Chiyo survives since Sakura was still alive. Sasori's last words (as a reward to Sakura for defeating him) were that he had a spy in Orochimaru's ranks, whom he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20757748", "chunk_text": "\"Date Tsunamune\"\nMaki-e lacquerware and even learning to forge Japanese swords. A number of his works are on display at The Miyagi Museum of Art. He died in Edo in 1711, but his grave was at the Date clan mausoleum of Zuihōden in Sendai. His mortuary temple was destroyed in 1945 during the Bombing of Sendai during World War II, and reconstructed in 1981. His body was so well preserved that an autopsy could be performed, revealing that he had a height of 158 cm and blood type A+, and had died of oral cancer. Date Tsunamune Tsunamune was the sixth son", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12883206", "chunk_text": "\"Tokugawa Ieyasu\"\nSumpu. At Sumpu, he remained a hostage, but was treated fairly well as a potentially useful future ally of the Imagawa clan until 1556 when he was 15 years old. In 1556 Ieyasu officially came of age, with Imagawa Yoshimoto presiding over his \"\"genpuku\"\" ceremony. Following tradition, he changed his name from Matsudaira Takechiyo to Matsudaira Jirōsaburō Motonobu (). He was also briefly allowed to visit Okazaki to pay his respects to the tomb of his father, and receive the homage of his nominal retainers, led by the \"\"karō\"\" Torii Tadayoshi. One year later, at the age of 13 (according", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1836652", "chunk_text": "\"Sasaki clan\"\nSeiwa Genji cousins the title of \"\"shugo\"\" (governor) of Ōmi and other provinces, which they kept until the 16th century Sengoku Period wars. He is the ancestor of the Sasaki, the Rokkaku, the Amago, the Kyōgoku and the Kuroda clans. In 1868, at the end of the Tokugawa period : There existed a certain Sasaki Shrine where Sasaki Yamagimi, a warlord, worshiped the god of ancestor's spirit. Following the middle of the Heian period (794 - 858), the shrine was used to worship the tutelary god of the Sasaki clan. It is said that through this, the \"\"Ōmi-Genji Festival\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459647", "chunk_text": "\"Sasuke Uchiha\"\nplaced on mankind with his Rinnegan. He is pardoned for his crimes by Kakashi — the current Hokage — and decides to travel the world in search of redemption. Before leaving, he says farewell to both Sakura and Naruto with gratitude. By the end of the manga, Sasuke has returned to the village and married Sakura; together they have a daughter, Sarada. In the \"\"Naruto\"\" spin-off manga, \"\"Naruto: The Seventh Hokage and the Scarlet Spring\"\", and the \"\"Boruto: Naruto Next Generations\"\" anime (2017), Sasuke has left Konohagakure sometime after Sarada's birth on a secret mission to investigate a possible threat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6770842", "chunk_text": "\"Tsurugamine Akio\"\ntop division careers. He also oversaw the promotion of Kirishima to \"\"ōzeki\"\" in 1990. In 1994 he reached the mandatory retirement age and passed on ownership of the stable to his middle son Sakahoko. Terao founded his own Shikoroyama stable in 2004. His oldest son, who fought as Fukuzono, Kakureizan and Tsurunofuji, never got beyond the \"\"juryo\"\" division and did not qualify to become an elder, and ran a chankonabe restauarant after his retirement in 1990. Tsurugamine died of blood poisoning in May 2006 at the age of seventy seven. Tsurugamine was a light but extremely skilful wrestler. His ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19804410", "chunk_text": "\"Kikuchi clan\"\nand he became the head of the clan and hearing about the death of Takemitsu, Imagawa attacked and won many battles against Takemasa. Kikuchi Takemasa asked Asō Koretaka for help and he was one of their most trusted retainers in the war against the North. Takemasa died just one year after his father on May 26, 1374. Taketomo was born the first son and heir of Takemasa becoming the 17th head of the clan. He wrote the \"\"Taketomo moshijo\"\" on the ancestry of the Kikuchi. He said that his ancestor is Fujiwara no Michitaka and Michitaka's fourth generation descendant Noritaka", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7775759", "chunk_text": "\"Forty-seven rōnin\"\nwhich had been prohibited. In addition, the \"\"shōgun\"\" received a number of petitions from the admiring populace on behalf of the \"\"rōnin\"\". As expected, the \"\"rōnin\"\" were sentenced to death for the murder of Kira; but the \"\"shōgun\"\" finally resolved the quandary by ordering them to honorably commit \"\"seppuku\"\" instead of having them executed as criminals. It is known that each of the assailants ended his life in a ritualistic fashion. Ōishi Chikara, the youngest, was only 15 years old on the day the raid took place, and only 16 the day he committed \"\"seppuku\"\". Each of the 46 \"\"rōnin\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_762	where do some of the natural air pollutants come from?	n/a	[ "wildfires", "Volcanic activity", "Dust", "Carbon dioxide", "Vegetation" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19565053", "chunk_text": "\"Natural environment\"\nmethane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor and suspensions of water droplets and ice crystals seen as clouds. Many natural substances may be present in tiny amounts in an unfiltered air sample, including dust, pollen and spores, sea spray, volcanic ash, and meteoroids. Various industrial pollutants also may be present, such as chlorine (elementary or in compounds), fluorine compounds, elemental mercury, and sulphur compounds such as sulphur dioxide [SO]. The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in depleting the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15516798", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nAir pollution Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies and even death to humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural or built environment. Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution. Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report. According to the 2014 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5835415", "chunk_text": "\"Pollution in the United States\"\nPollution in the United States As with many countries pollution in the United States is a concern for environmental organizations, government agencies and individuals. Examples of land pollution include: Air pollution is caused predominantly from, burning fossil fuels, cars and much more. Natural sources of air pollution include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds, and natural radioactivity. These natural sources of pollution often soon disperses and thins settling near its locale. However, major natural events such as volcanic activity can convey throughout the air spreading, thinning and settling over continents. Fossil fuel burning for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477304", "chunk_text": "Pollution\na market failure because it “does not maximize efficiency”. This model can be used as a basis to evaluate different methods of internalizing the externality. Some examples include tariffs, a carbon tax and cap and trade systems. Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made (anthropogenic) sources. However, globally human-made pollutants from combustion, construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly significant in the air pollution equation. Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution. China, United States, Russia, India Mexico, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions. Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1033951", "chunk_text": "Pollution\nplants, coal-fired power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.), PVC factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy industry. Agricultural air pollution comes from contemporary practices which include clear felling and burning of natural vegetation as well as spraying of pesticides and herbicides About 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year. The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons. Americans constitute less than 5% of the world's population, but produce roughly 25% of the world’s , and generate approximately 30% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106234", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nHealth Organization report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide, an estimate roughly echoed by one from the International Energy Agency. An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are usually produced by processes such as ash from a volcanic eruption. Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhausts or sulphur dioxide released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4121958", "chunk_text": "\"Trace gas\"\n- natural or anthropogenic. Natural sources are caused by processes that occur in nature. In contrast, anthropogenic sources are caused by human activity. Some of the sources of a trace gas are biogenic, solid Earth (outgassing), the ocean, industrial activities, or in situ formation. A few examples of biogenic sources include photosynthesis, animal excrements, termites, rice paddies, and wetlands. Volcanoes are the main source for trace gases from solid earth. The global ocean is also a source of several trace gases, in particular sulfur-containing gases. In situ trace gas formation occurs through chemical reactions in the gas-phase. Anthropogenic sources are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20665256", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution in Germany\"\nto control air pollution. This has now developed from controlling air pollution to being a leader in climate change politics. Air pollution may cause diseases, allergies, or death in humans. It may also cause harm to other living organisms, such as animals and crops, and may cause damage to the environment. Air pollution can be generated by both human activity and natural processes. An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The major primary pollutants produced by human activity include: Secondary pollutants include: There are various locations, activities or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11467423", "chunk_text": "Pollution\nPollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. In 2015, pollution killed 9 million people in the world. Major forms of pollution include: Air pollution, light pollution, littering, noise pollution, plastic pollution, soil contamination, radioactive contamination, thermal pollution, visual pollution, water pollution. Air pollution has always accompanied civilizations. Pollution started from prehistoric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3988261", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution in British Columbia\"\nas tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene as well as nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide, which Canada seeks to minimize through caps and its tradable permit system. Mount St. Helens has been a significant external natural source: although located entirely in the United States, its eruption created air pollution in parts of British Columbia. Exhaust from internal combustion engines (mainly automobiles and trucks, as well as marine vessels in coastal waters) is a major internal anthropogenic source. Other human-caused sources include: Industrial, agricultural (e.g. manure spreading), commercial operations (e.g., dry cleaners and gas stations) and home heating appliances (furnaces, fireplaces). Radionuclides are generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15516857", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nthe effects of odour, pollen, dust, heat or humidity. TA Luft is the German air quality regulation. Air pollution hotspots are areas where air pollution emissions expose individuals to increased negative health effects. They are particularly common in highly populated, urban areas, where there may be a combination of stationary sources (e.g. industrial facilities) and mobile sources (e.g. cars and trucks) of pollution. Emissions from these sources can cause respiratory disease, childhood asthma, cancer, and other health problems. Fine particulate matter such as diesel soot, which contributes to more than 3.2 million premature deaths around the world each year, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15516800", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nfrom the factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. Ground level ozone is a prominent example of secondary pollutants. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants. Substances emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include: Secondary pollutants include: Minor air pollutants include: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19797813", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution in the United States\"\nAir pollution in the United States Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere. Ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States, America has had much trouble with environmental issues, air pollution in particular. According to a 2009 report, around \"\"60 percent of Americans live in areas where air pollution has reached unhealthy levels that can make people sick\"\". Pollution in the United States has plummeted in the last decade, with pollutants such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10017712", "chunk_text": "Particulates\ndeadly, with a 36% increase in lung cancer per 10 μg/m as it can penetrate deeper into the lungs. Worldwide exposure to PM contributed to 4.1 million deaths from heart disease and stroke, lung cancer, chronic lung disease, and respiratory infections in 2016. Overall, ambient particulate matter ranks as the sixth leading risk factor for premature death globally. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, stubble burning, power plants, wet cooling towers in cooling systems and various industrial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477322", "chunk_text": "Pollution\ndedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most polluting industries. The Pure Earth issues an annual list of some of the world's worst polluted places. Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. In 2015, pollution killed 9 million people in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19797873", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution in the United States\"\nthe ground to extract oil. The adverse environmental effects of this natural gas extraction are the subject of much controversy, the primary concerns of which surround the contamination of surrounding water and air sources. These risks result when underground drinking water and surface water are exposed to discharges of the chemically-infused fracking fluid due to faulty construction or operation, disposal leaks, or other unintended byproducts like the release of hazardous volatile compounds into the air. In terms of air pollution, \"\"hydrofracking\"\" causes detriment to both the environment and human health. Enormous quantities of methane, a greenhouse gas, escape into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1223708", "chunk_text": "\"Clean Air Act (United States)\"\nswift removal of lead from gasoline that was also recognized for having adverse health effects.) Specific new emissions standards for moving sources passed years later. Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted over airports and affect the air quality in the region. VOCs include benzene, formaldehyde and butadienes which are known to cause health problems such as birth defects, cancer and skin irritation. Hundreds of tons of emissions from aircraft, ground support equipment, heating systems, and shuttles and passenger vehicles are released into the air, causing smog. Therefore, major cities such as Seattle, Denver, and San Francisco require a Climate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106238", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nendocrine disruptors and can mutate the human genes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has published a compilation of air pollutant emission factors for a wide range of industrial sources. The United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and many other countries have published similar compilations, as well as the European Environment Agency. Air pollution risk is a function of the hazard of the pollutant and the exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution exposure can be expressed for an individual, for certain groups (e.g. neighborhoods or children living in a country), or for entire populations. For example, one may want to calculate the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15447577", "chunk_text": "\"Summer smog\"\nSummer smog Summer smog, which is common in major cities such as London, Birmingham, New York City and Los Angeles, is caused by pollutants, mainly ozone, which collect in large cities, especially during the summer. It is formed when radiation from the sun causes ozone to build up in the lower atmosphere (troposphere), by combining nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. At this point, ozone, which is protective in the upper atmosphere, can become harmful to humans, crops, other living creatures and buildings. In the Northern hemisphere, summer smog builds up mainly between April and October. It causes reduced visibility", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3710073", "chunk_text": "\"Atmosphere of Earth\"\n10 ppm by volume in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5% by volume in hot, humid air masses, and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air (without water vapor). The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, among which are the greenhouse gases, principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds. Many substances of natural origin may be present in locally and seasonally variable small amounts as aerosols in an unfiltered air sample, including dust of mineral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8922515", "chunk_text": "\"Pollution in California\"\neach source differs from place to place. Particulate pollution sources are shown in the graph at right. Residential wood combustion, such as burning wood in fireplaces, is the largest source of PM 2.5 pollution. The Clean Air Act requires the US EPA to regulate six common pollutants. These air pollutants (also known as \"\"criteria pollutants\"\") are found all over the United States. They are particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead. All of these pollutants have been shown to have adverse health and environmental impacts and some can cause property damage. Of the six pollutants,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106246", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\neffects can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or emergency department visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics. The most common sources of air pollution include particulates, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Children aged less than five years that live in developing countries are the most vulnerable population in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9882262", "chunk_text": "\"Nitrous oxide\"\nestimated that about 29.5 million tonnes of (containing 18.8 million tonnes of nitrogen) were entering the atmosphere each year; of which 64% were natural, and 36% due to human activity. Most of the emitted into the atmosphere, from natural and anthropogenic sources, is produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in soils and oceans. Soils under natural vegetation are an important source of nitrous oxide, accounting for 60% of all naturally produced emissions. Other natural sources include the oceans (35%) and atmospheric chemical reactions (5%). The main components of anthropogenic emissions are fertilized agricultural soils and livestock manure (42%),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9669386", "chunk_text": "\"Summer smog\"\nin cities and a visible layer, similar to fog. It also causes a health hazard to people and pollutes the troposphere's air. Summer smog Summer smog, which is common in major cities such as London, Birmingham, New York City and Los Angeles, is caused by pollutants, mainly ozone, which collect in large cities, especially during the summer. It is formed when radiation from the sun causes ozone to build up in the lower atmosphere (troposphere), by combining nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. At this point, ozone, which is protective in the upper atmosphere, can become harmful to humans, crops,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9477283", "chunk_text": "Wildfire\nevery 3 to 10 years. Too frequent fires favor herbaceous plants, and infrequent fires favor species typical of Bahamian dry forests. Most of the Earth's weather and air pollution resides in the troposphere, the part of the atmosphere that extends from the surface of the planet to a height of about . The vertical lift of a severe thunderstorm or pyrocumulonimbus can be enhanced in the area of a large wildfire, which can propel smoke, soot, and other particulate matter as high as the lower stratosphere. Previously, prevailing scientific theory held that most particles in the stratosphere came from volcanoes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20842044", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution in the United States\"\nby 94%. Los Angeles has the most contaminated air in the country. With a population of roughly over 10 million, the Los Angeles area is a large basin with the Pacific Ocean to the west, and bounded prominently on the north and east by the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains. These mountains, part of the Transverse Ranges, exceed 10,000 feet in elevation and help form a natural trap, confining pollutants in the Los Angeles basin. Diesel engines, ports, motor vehicles, and industries are main sources of air pollution in Los Angeles. Frequent sunny days and low rainfall contribute to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11103473", "chunk_text": "\"Nonpoint source pollution\"\nNonpoint source pollution Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a term used to describe pollution resulting from many diffuse sources, in direct contrast to point source pollution which results from a single source. Nonpoint source pollution generally results from land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage, or hydrological modification (rainfall and snowmelt) where tracing pollution back to a single source is difficult. Non-point source water pollution affects a water body from sources such as polluted runoff from agricultural areas draining into a river, or wind-borne debris blowing out to sea. Non-point source air pollution affects air quality from sources such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434156", "chunk_text": "\"Atmosphere of Earth\"\nand organic composition, pollen and spores, sea spray, and volcanic ash. Various industrial pollutants also may be present as gases or aerosols, such as chlorine (elemental or in compounds), fluorine compounds and elemental mercury vapor. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial air pollution. The relative concentration of gases remains constant until about . In general, air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere. However, temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude, and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533910", "chunk_text": "\"Nonpoint source pollution\"\nwater bodies, the chemicals enter the water directly. Agricultural operations account for a large percentage of all nonpoint source pollution in the United States. When large tracts of land are plowed to grow crops, it exposes and loosens soil that was once buried. This makes the exposed soil more vulnerable to erosion during rainstorms. It also can increase the amount of fertilizer and pesticides carried into nearby bodies of water. Atmospheric inputs of pollution into the air can come from multiple sources. Typically, industrial facilities, like factories, emit air pollution via a smokestack. Although this is a point source, due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19565052", "chunk_text": "\"Natural environment\"\nvegetation. The changing vegetation occurs because when trees cannot get adequate water they start to deteriorate, leading to a decreased food supply for the wildlife in an area. The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is held in place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, such as carbon dioxide. The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases, among which are the greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11467450", "chunk_text": "Pollution\nOrdinary municipal landfills are the source of many chemical substances entering the soil environment (and often groundwater), emanating from the wide variety of refuse accepted, especially substances illegally discarded there, or from pre-1970 landfills that may have been subject to little control in the U.S. or EU. There have also been some unusual releases of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, commonly called \"\"dioxins\"\" for simplicity, such as TCDD. Pollution can also be the consequence of a natural disaster. For example, hurricanes often involve water contamination from sewage, and petrochemical spills from ruptured boats or automobiles. Larger scale and environmental damage is not uncommon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2318240", "chunk_text": "\"Particulate pollution\"\nespecially notable as they can be inhaled into the lower respiratory system, and with enough exposure, absorbed into the bloodstream. Particulate pollution can occur directly or indirectly from a number of sources including, but not limited to: agriculture, automobiles, construction, forest fires, chemical pollutants, and power plants. Exposure to particulates of any size and composition may occur acutely over a short duration, or chronically over a long duration, and has been associated with adverse respiratory symptoms ranging from irritation of the airways, aggravated asthma, coughing, and difficulty breathing to symptoms such as irregular heartbeat, lung cancer, kidney disease, chronic bronchitis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "880868", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\n2.5 differs greatly by region. In South and East Asia, pregnant women are frequently exposed to indoor air pollution because of the wood and other biomass fuels used for cooking which are responsible for more than 80% of regional pollution. In the Middle East, North Africa and West sub-Saharan Africa, fine PM comes from natural sources, such as dust storms. The United States had an estimated 50,000 preterm births associated with exposure to PM2.5 in 2010. A study performed by Wang, et al. between the years of 1988 and 1991 has found a correlation between sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2763131", "chunk_text": "\"Area source (pollution)\"\nPeople produce so much trash that half of it goes in water sources. Area source (pollution) Area sources are sources of pollution which emit a substance or radiation from a specified area. For example, area sources of air pollution are air pollutant emission sources which operate within a certain locale. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has categorized 70 different categories of air pollution area source. Locomotives operating on certain linear tracks are examples of a line source, whereas locomotives operating within a railyard are an example of an area source of pollution. Other area sources of air pollution are: Water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106241", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\ndominate total exposure despite short exposure times since high concentrations coincide with proximity to major roads or participation to (motorized) traffic. A lack of ventilation indoors concentrates air pollution where people often spend the majority of their time. Radon (Rn) gas, a carcinogen, is exuded from the Earth in certain locations and trapped inside houses. Building materials including carpeting and plywood emit formaldehyde (HCO) gas. Paint and solvents give off volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they dry. Lead paint can degenerate into dust and be inhaled. Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of air fresheners, incense, and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10865412", "chunk_text": "Aerosol\naerosols in the earth's atmosphere can influence its climate, as well as human health. Aerosol An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas. Aerosols can be natural or anthropogenic. Examples of natural aerosols are fog, dust, forest exudates and geyser steam. Examples of anthropogenic aerosols are haze, particulate air pollutants and The liquid or solid particles have diameters typically <1 μm; larger particles with a significant settling speed make the mixture a suspension, but the distinction is not clear-cut. In general conversation, \"\"aerosol\"\" usually refers to an aerosol spray that delivers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15300763", "chunk_text": "Pollutant\ndioxide, which is absorbed by plants and oceans). Fund pollutants are not destroyed, but rather converted into less harmful substances, or diluted/dispersed to non-harmful concentrations. Notable pollutants include the following groups or compounds: Light pollution is the impact that anthropogenic light has on the visibility of the night sky. It also encompasses ecological light pollution which describes the effect of artificial light on individual organisms and on the structure of ecosystems as a whole. Pollutants can also be defined by their zones of influence, both horizontally and vertically. The horizontal zone refers to the area that is damaged by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3199386", "chunk_text": "\"Urban forest\"\nwith air quality standards, trees can help to clean the air. The most serious pollutants in the urban atmosphere are ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfuric oxides (SOx) and particulate pollution. Ground-level ozone, or smog, is created by chemical reactions between NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. High temperatures increase the rate of this reaction. Vehicle emissions (especially diesel), and emissions from industrial facilities are the major sources of NOx. Vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, trees and other plants are the major sources of VOCs. Particulate pollution, or particulate matter (PM10 and PM25),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19761565", "chunk_text": "\"Particulate pollution\"\nParticulate pollution Particulate pollution is pollution of an environment that consists of particles suspended in some medium. There are three primary forms: atmospheric particulate matter, marine debris, and space debris. Some particles are released directly from a specific source, while others form in chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Particulate pollution can be derived from either natural sources or anthropogenic processes. Atmospheric particulate matter, also known as particulate matter, or PM, describes solids and/or liquid particles suspended in a gas, most commonly the Earth's atmosphere. Particles in the atmosphere can be divided into two types, depending on the way they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17838855", "chunk_text": "\"Tropospheric ozone\"\nused to measure ppb-levels in ambient air. The majority of tropospheric ozone formation occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), react in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight, specifically the UV spectrum. NOx, CO, and VOCs are considered ozone precursors. Motor vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and chemical solvents are the major anthropogenic sources of these ozone precursors. Although the ozone precursors often originate in urban areas, winds can carry NOx hundreds of kilometers, causing ozone formation to occur in less populated regions as well. The chemical reactions that produce tropospheric ozone are a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20520368", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution sensor\"\nenvironment. With further scientific research and advancements in technology, people are more concerned and conscious with the air the breath. Technology has made air pollution sensors more readily available and affordable for personal use. Scientific evidence has indicated that indoor air pollution can be worse than outdoor pollutants in large and industrialized cities. Many products and chemicals used inside the home, for cooking and heating, and for appliances and home décor are primary sources of indoor air pollutants. Everything we use in the home contributes to the pollution, and can possibly degrade the environment. Air pollution is responsible for 7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5727401", "chunk_text": "\"Area source (pollution)\"\nArea source (pollution) Area sources are sources of pollution which emit a substance or radiation from a specified area. For example, area sources of air pollution are air pollutant emission sources which operate within a certain locale. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has categorized 70 different categories of air pollution area source. Locomotives operating on certain linear tracks are examples of a line source, whereas locomotives operating within a railyard are an example of an area source of pollution. Other area sources of air pollution are: Water pollution manifestations of an area source include: In the 1950s or earlier hydrology", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "273779", "chunk_text": "\"Exhaust gas\"\nExhaust gas Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil, or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propelling nozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an \"\"exhaust plume\"\". It is a major component of motor vehicle emissions (and from stationary internal combustion engines), which can also include: Motor vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "880880", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nits most basic level, land-use planning is likely to involve zoning and transport infrastructure planning. In most developed countries, land-use planning is an important part of social policy, ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy and population, as well as to protect the environment. Because a large share of air pollution is caused by combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, the reduction of these fuels can reduce air pollution drastically. Most effective is the switch to clean power sources such as wind power, solar power, hydro power which don't cause air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "880865", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution\"\nminimizing alcohol and eliminating smoking reduces the risk of developing the disease, according to the researchers. In the United States, despite the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, in 2002 at least 146 million Americans were living in non-attainment areas—regions in which the concentration of certain air pollutants exceeded federal standards. These dangerous pollutants are known as the criteria pollutants, and include ozone, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. Protective measures to ensure children's health are being taken in cities such as New Delhi, India where buses now use compressed natural gas to help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16961809", "chunk_text": "\"Pollution in China\"\npollution. Particulates are formed from both primary and secondary pathways. Primary sources such as coal combustion, biomass combustion and traffic directly emit particulate matter (PM). The emissions from power plants are considerably higher than in other countries, as most Chinese facilities do not employ any flue gas treatment. High secondary aerosol (particulates formed through atmospheric oxidation and reactions of gaseous organic compounds) contribution to particulate pollution in China is found. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, such fine particles can cause asthma, bronchitis, and acute and chronic respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath and painful breathing, and may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403153", "chunk_text": "\"Mineral dust\"\nMineral dust Mineral dust is atmospheric aerosols originated from the suspension of minerals constituting the soil. It is composed of various oxides and carbonates. Human activities lead to 30% of the dust load in the atmosphere. The Sahara Desert is the major source of mineral dust, which subsequently spreads across the Mediterranean (where it is the origin of rain dust) and Caribbean seas into northern South America, Central America, North America, and Europe. Additionally, it plays a significant role in the nutrient inflow to the Amazon rainforest. The Gobi Desert is another source of dust in the atmosphere, which affects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9392602", "chunk_text": "\"Air pollution in India\"\nAir pollution in India Air pollution in India is a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. In autumn and winter months, large scale crop residue burning in agriculture fields – a low cost alternative to mechanical tilling – is a major source of smoke, smog and particulate pollution. India has a low per capita emissions of greenhouse gases but the country as a whole is the third largest after China and the United States. A 2013 study on non-smokers has found that Indians have 30% lower lung function", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8179262", "chunk_text": "\"Flash-gas (petroleum)\"\nand nitrogen dioxide to further participate in reaction 3. Where \"\"hv\"\" is UV radiation and \"\"R\"\" is a volatile organic compound (VOC). Additionally, some organic compounds (notably aldehydes) can photolyze in the atmosphere to form radicals which participate in atmospheric reactions. [46] VOCs or oxidant precursors are emitted to the atmosphere from both natural and man-made sources. Globally, natural emissions appear to outweigh anthropogenic emissions. However, it is the high concentration of anthropogenic sources of volatile organics together with NO emissions from combustion processes in urban areas which increase the risk of the urban ozone problem. Wind and other climatological", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10017715", "chunk_text": "Particulates\nprecursors for these aerosols—i.e. the gases from which they originate—may have an anthropogenic origin (from fossil fuel or coal combustion) and a natural biogenic origin. In the presence of ammonia, secondary aerosols often take the form of ammonium salts; i.e. ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (both can be dry or in aqueous solution); in the absence of ammonia, secondary compounds take an acidic form as sulfuric acid (liquid aerosol droplets) and nitric acid (atmospheric gas), all of which may contribute to the health effects of particulates. Secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosols are strong light-scatterers. This is mainly because the presence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_763	who is the pastor of new birth missionary baptist church now?	n/a	[ "Stephen A. Davis" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20013206", "chunk_text": "\"New Birth Missionary Baptist Church\"\nBishop Long used his pastoral influence to coerce them into a sexual relationship with him when they were teenagers. On January 15, 2017, Bishop Eddie Long died from an aggressive form of cancer according to a statement released by the church. The church then announced Stephen A. Davis, pastor of New Birth Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama would be Long's successor at New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia while remaining pastor of the Birmingham. However in June, 2018 Bishop Davis resigned. On November 19, 2018, the church announced Jamal Bryant, pastor of Empowerment Temple AME Church in Baltimore, Maryland would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5654562", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Long\"\nissued a statement describing the cause of death as an \"\"aggressive form of cancer\"\". Eddie Long Eddie Lee Long (May 12, 1953 – January 15, 2017) was an American pastor who served as the senior pastor of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, from 1987 until his death in 2017. When Long started as pastor for New Birth Church, there were 300 church members, which grew to 25,000. During this time, Long was a subject of a Senate investigation, concerning whether he personally profited from his church's tax-exempt status, which eventually ended without a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5654546", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Long\"\nEddie Long Eddie Lee Long (May 12, 1953 – January 15, 2017) was an American pastor who served as the senior pastor of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, from 1987 until his death in 2017. When Long started as pastor for New Birth Church, there were 300 church members, which grew to 25,000. During this time, Long was a subject of a Senate investigation, concerning whether he personally profited from his church's tax-exempt status, which eventually ended without a finding of wrongdoing. Also, civil lawsuits were filed against him alleging sexual abuse of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20013207", "chunk_text": "\"New Birth Missionary Baptist Church\"\nbecome the new pastor of New Birth. Pastor Bryant resigned as Pastor of Empowerment Temple in early December. New Birth Missionary Baptist Church New Birth Missionary Baptist Church is a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, near Lithonia. It has embraced a Pentecostal theology not typically found in African-American Baptist churches. The church was founded in 1939 in Scottdale as Travelers Rest Baptist Church. In 1983, it moved to Decatur and adopted its current name. Eddie Long took over as pastor in 1987. At the time, the church had only 300 members. Since his installation, membership has grown to 25,000.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20013203", "chunk_text": "\"New Birth Missionary Baptist Church\"\nNew Birth Missionary Baptist Church New Birth Missionary Baptist Church is a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, near Lithonia. It has embraced a Pentecostal theology not typically found in African-American Baptist churches. The church was founded in 1939 in Scottdale as Travelers Rest Baptist Church. In 1983, it moved to Decatur and adopted its current name. Eddie Long took over as pastor in 1987. At the time, the church had only 300 members. Since his installation, membership has grown to 25,000. In 2002, New Birth was chosen to host the live recording of Dorinda Clark-Cole, and was chosen by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20013205", "chunk_text": "\"New Birth Missionary Baptist Church\"\nno longer exists. Then in the future years, there were more churches such as New Birth Metro, New Birth Knoxville, New Birth Oakland, and New Birth California. In 2006, the church was chosen by the family of Martin Luther King, Jr. to host and officiate the funeral for Mrs. Coretta Scott King, wife of the late civil rights pioneer. The event was attended by four Presidents (George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Jimmy Carter). The church has also been marred by controversy, with four individuals filing separate lawsuits in DeKalb County Superior Court, Georgia alleging that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8463066", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Huch\"\nLarry Huch Larry Huch (born November 15, 1950) is an American non-denominational pastor and televangelist. He is the founder and senior pastor of DFW New Beginnings in Bedford, Texas along with his wife Tiz. They have three children that are all active in their ministry, and three grandchildren. Founded in November 2004, this non-denominational church developed into a diverse, multi-ethnic congregation of several thousand people. They have a ministry that spans over forty years and includes the pioneering of seven churches on two continents. A commitment to sharing a positive, life-changing and faith-based message in the church is the hallmark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14573618", "chunk_text": "\"Barnett K. Thoroughgood\"\nwhere he had worked for several years. He was succeeded by Bishop Barnett Thoroughgood's brother, Superintendent YD Thoroughgood, who was the current pastor of New Jerusalem, until his death on June 9, 2018. Barnett K. Thoroughgood Barnett Karl Thoroughgood (November 7, 1949 – February 5, 2012) was an African-American Pentecostal-Holiness minister and church leader of the Church of God in Christ. He was an influential pastor in the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia and the Hampton Roads area of Virginia known for his public service and who served as the Commissioner of Ecclesiastical Services and the Former Adjutant General of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2903591", "chunk_text": "\"Terry MacAlmon\"\nTerry MacAlmon Terry MacAlmon (born May 12, 1955) is an American Christian songwriter, recording artist and worship leader. He is the founder and president of New Glory International, a worship ministry based in Dallas, Texas. He leads worship in conferences, retreats, worship seminars, and churches in the United States and abroad. MacAlmon announced in May 2008, in a letter to ministry supporters, that he was stepping down from his own ministry after having an extramarital affair, saying \"\"I don't have a timeline as to if or when I will return to ministry, but I know I cannot go forward with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11249711", "chunk_text": "\"Brady Boyd\"\nBrady Boyd Brady Boyd (born 11 January 1967, Logansport, Louisiana) is the senior pastor of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Boyd finished Simsboro High School in 1985 and graduated from Louisiana Tech University in 1989 with a degree in journalism. He has worked as a high school English teacher, basketball coach and sports broadcaster. Boyd has been married to Pam Boyd since August 12, 1989, and has two children: Abram, born in 1998, and Callie, born 2000. He was a lay leader at Trinity Fellowship in Amarillo, Texas from 1997 to 1998 and the senior pastor of Trinity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10426237", "chunk_text": "\"Paul S. Morton\"\nPaul S. Morton Paul Sylvester Morton (born July 30, 1950) is an American Baptist Pastor. He is the Senior Pastor of Changing a Generation Full Gospel Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, and Co-Pastor of Greater St. Stephen Full Gospel Baptist Church in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is also a recording artist, author, and founder of the Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship, International. Paul Sylvester Morton is the son of the late Bishop C.L. Morton Sr. and the late Evangelist Matilda E. Morton. His father pastored two congregations, one in Windsor, Ontario named Mount Zion Church of God in Christ in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17684965", "chunk_text": "\"Enoch Adeboye\"\nEnoch Adeboye Enoch Adejare Adeboye (born 2 March 1942 in Ifewara, Osun State, Nigeria) is a Nigerian pastor. A recent regulation in Nigeria by the financial regulations council affecting all registered churches, mosques and Civil Society Organizations was put in place, placing a twenty-year cap on the leadership tenure of these organizations. Consequently, on January 7, 2017, Pastor J.O. Obayemi was appointed to head the church in Nigeria, while Pastor E. A. Adeboye still remains the General overseer of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) globally. After joining the RCCG in 1973, he began working to translate the sermons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20876186", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Gruenewald\"\nBobby Gruenewald Bobby Gruenewald (born July 31, 1976) is Pastor and Innovation Leader at Life.Church, a multisite church based in Oklahoma. He is also the founder of the YouVersion Bible App. Gruenewald was born in Decatur, Illinois. He graduated in 1994 from Stephen Decatur High School. While in high school, he started and performed in a Christian rap group. He earned a bachelor’s degree in finance from Southern Nazarene University. In 2015, Southern Nazarene awarded Gruenewald an honorary doctorate. After college, Gruenewald started and sold two technology companies and served as an advisor for various startups and venture capital funds.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13880796", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Haggard\"\na heterosexual but you don't have sex with every woman that you're attracted to, so I can be who I am and exclusively have sex with my wife and be perfectly satisfied.\"\" Ted Haggard Ted Arthur Haggard (; born June 27, 1956) is an American evangelical pastor. Haggard is the founder and former pastor of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado and is a founder of the Association of Life-Giving Churches. He served as President of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) from 2003 until November 2006. Haggard made national headlines in November 2006 when male prostitute and masseur", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10234919", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Winston\"\nBill Winston William Samuel Winston (also known as Dr. Bill Winston or Bill Winston; born May 6, 1943) is an American televangelist, preacher, author, and entrepreneur. He is the founder and Senior Pastor of Living Word Christian Center, a non-denominational church in Forest Park, Illinois with over 22,000 members. Winston's teachings, writings, weekly television and radio outreach are circulated through his ministry outreach, Bill Winston Ministries and are aired worldwid via his broadcast program \"\"Believer’s Walk of Faith\"\". Winston's sermons are also aired on several radio networks within the United States. Winston was born and raised in Tuskegee, Alabama. Winston", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10234914", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Winston\"\nBill Winston William Samuel Winston (also known as Dr. Bill Winston or Bill Winston; born May 6, 1943) is an American televangelist, preacher, author, and entrepreneur. He is the founder and Senior Pastor of Living Word Christian Center, a non-denominational church in Forest Park, Illinois with over 22,000 members. Winston's teachings, writings, weekly television and radio outreach are circulated through his ministry outreach, Bill Winston Ministries and are aired worldwid via his broadcast program \"\"Believer’s Walk of Faith\"\". Winston's sermons are also aired on several radio networks within the United States. Winston was born and raised in Tuskegee, Alabama. Winston", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17748516", "chunk_text": "\"New Landmark Missionary Baptist Church\"\nleaving behind a “rich legacy”. In the month of July in 2000 Minister Cy Maynard Fields, an associate Minister, became the Interim (temporary) pastor. On June 17, 2001, he was collectively elected as pastor of Landmark. Min. Fields was “sworn in” by Reverend Wilson Daniels of United Baptist Church on July 29, 2001. On March 1, 2003, the church name Landmark Missionary Baptist Church was changed to New Landmark Missionary Baptist Church. New Landmark Missionary Baptist Church owns six residential buildings and has four empty lots in which they are used for parking vehicles. The church's architectural form was created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443833", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Hunt\"\nJohnny Hunt Johnny M. Hunt (born July 17, 1952) is an evangelical Christian pastor, author, and former President of the Southern Baptist Convention. He is currently the senior pastor of First Baptist Church Woodstock, in Woodstock, Georgia. Hunt was born in Lumberton, North Carolina. He is a member of the Lumbee Native American Indian tribe based in North Carolina. Hunt's father left the family when he was seven. He became an alcoholic and gambler at a young age, dropping out of school at 16 and managing a pool room. Hunt experienced a radical conversion to Christianity during this time, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5654549", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Long\"\nJonesboro, Georgia church. In 1987 he became the pastor of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, which at the time had around 300 members. Under Long, membership grew to 25,000. The church may be considered part of the Bapticostal movement. Long married Dabara S. Houston in 1981 and they were divorced soon afterwards. The couple have a son, Edward Long. Houston said she was the victim of \"\"cruel treatment\"\" and was afraid of Long's \"\"violent and vicious temper,\"\" according to Fulton County Superior Court records. She and her son allegedly \"\"had to flee the couple's Fairburn home in order to ensure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194460", "chunk_text": "\"Michael J. Easley\"\neffective president. His successor, Dr. Paul Nyquist, became the ninth president of Moody Global Ministries on October 23, 2009. Easley served as an Elder and the Senior Teaching Pastor at Fellowship Bible Church, Nashville from January 2009 until August 2017. He founded Stonebridge Bible Church in 2018 where he serves as Lead Pastor in the greater Nashville, TN area. He has been a guest on many media outlets, appeared on The John Ankerberg Show, is a frequent conference speaker, writes a monthly column for \"\"HomeLife\"\" Magazine and leads annual tours to Israel. Michael J. Easley Michael Easley (born 1957) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "953566", "chunk_text": "\"Brady Boyd\"\nDaniel Grothe in 2014), NewLifeManitou (launched by Joe Kirkendall in 2016) and Nueva Vida- a Spanish-Speaking Congregation (merged with New Life Church in 2017, led by Jeremías Tamarez). In addition to his responsibilities at New Life, Brady also served as an Overseer/Apostolic Elder for multiple churches. Brady Boyd Brady Boyd (born 11 January 1967, Logansport, Louisiana) is the senior pastor of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Boyd finished Simsboro High School in 1985 and graduated from Louisiana Tech University in 1989 with a degree in journalism. He has worked as a high school English teacher, basketball coach and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20013204", "chunk_text": "\"New Birth Missionary Baptist Church\"\nthe family of rapper and R&B superstar Lisa Left Eye Lopes to host the funeral for the rapper, who was killed in a car accident in La Ceiba, Honduras. In 2003, New Birth planted a branch called \"\"New Birth Charlotte\"\" in Charlotte, North Carolina. That church no longer exists, and has since sold its building. Mecklenburg County records show the church defaulted on its payments to Evangelical Christian Credit Union for a $10 million loan. On August 15, 2004 the church opened a branch called \"\"New Birth Memphis\"\" in Memphis, Tennessee. The church has since closed and New Birth Memphis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20855025", "chunk_text": "\"Mac Brunson\"\nMac Brunson Donald McCall \"\"Mac\"\" Brunson (born September 20, 1957) is an American Baptist minister who was the senior pastor of the First Baptist Church in Jacksonville, Florida, a Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) megachurch. Previously, he served as senior pastor of the First Baptist Church in Dallas, Texas, and in 2018 took the pastorate at Valleydale Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Brunson was born in the small town of Greenwood, South Carolina, the youngest of three children. He helped out in his father's retail furniture store and played football in high school. He became convinced of the truth of his religion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7380800", "chunk_text": "\"Barnett K. Thoroughgood\"\nof God in Christ at the Virginia Beach Convention Center. Many local and state political officials attended both homegoing services including Scott Riggell, Will Sessoms, former Virginia governor Bob McDonnell, and late Virginia Beach Mayor Meyera E. Oberndorf. Thoroughgood was succeeded as Adjutant General of COGIC by Bishop Matthew Williams of Orlando, Florida, and was succeeded by his nephew who was also a COGIC Minister and Pastor, Elder Adam Thoroughgood as the Pastor of New Jerusalem. Pastor Adam Thoroughgood later died on April 21, 2015 in a tragic accident on a tractor on an industrial farm in rural Suffolk, Virginia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13104553", "chunk_text": "\"Pentecostal Church of God\"\n2017, the International Headquarters has changed its name to the IMC, International Missions Center. Moderator/Chairman<br> Rev. A. D. McClure: 1927-1933<br> Rev. G. F. C. Fons: 1933-1935<br> General Secretary<br> Rev. Marion D. Townsend: 1935-1937<br> Rev. Harold M. Collins: 1937-1942<br> Rev. J. W. May: 1942-1947<br> Rev. H. T. Owens: 1947-1949<br> Rev. M. F. Coughran: 1949-1953<br> Rev. R. Dennis Heard: 1953-1975<br> Rev. Roy M. Chappell: 1975-1987<br> Dr. James D. Gee: 1987-2001<br> Rev. Phil L. Redding: 2001-2005<br> Rev. Daniel Coleman: 2014-Current General Bishop<br> Rev. Charles R. Mosier: 2005–2006<br> Rev. Charles G. Scott: 2007–2015<br> Rev. Loyd L. Naten: 2015–2017<br> Dr. Wayman C. Ming: 2017–current The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20275137", "chunk_text": "\"Nelson Searcy\"\nNelson Searcy Nelson Searcy (born October 3, 1971) is an American evangelical minister and author. He is the founder and lead pastor of The Journey Church, an evangelical Christian church in New York City and Boca Raton, Florida. Founded in 2002, The Journey Church has grown to include multiple campuses across metro New York City (in Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island) and a campus in Boca Raton, Florida. The church continues to grow and innovate and serve the people of metro New York City and beyond. The Journey has been featured in articles in Time Magazine, Rolling Stone, and The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13880756", "chunk_text": "\"Ted Haggard\"\nTed Haggard Ted Arthur Haggard (; born June 27, 1956) is an American evangelical pastor. Haggard is the founder and former pastor of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado and is a founder of the Association of Life-Giving Churches. He served as President of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) from 2003 until November 2006. Haggard made national headlines in November 2006 when male prostitute and masseur Mike Jones alleged that Haggard, who had advocated against the legalization of same-sex marriage, had paid him for sex for three years and had also purchased and used crystal methamphetamine. After initially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13478987", "chunk_text": "\"NRB Network\"\ntalk shows that include New Life Live with Steve Arteburn, The 700 Club, and Babbie's House which is hosted by award-winning recording artist Babbie Mason. NRB Network's primetime lineup features an emphasis on Christian apologetics and includes well-known apologists such as Ravi Zacharias, William Lane Craig, Eric Metaxas, Ken Ham, John Lennox, and others. Weekend programming on the channel includes kids shows on Saturday mornings and teen programs in the evening. Sunday programming is dedicated to teaching and preaching shows from pastors representing a variety of evangelical denominations. Among NRB Network's Sunday lineup are Turning Point Ministries with David Jeremiah,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5323623", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel L. Akin\"\nfor raising children. In addition, he has published several journal articles on the topics of marriage, intimacy, and gender roles. Daniel L. Akin Daniel Lowell \"\"Danny\"\" Akin (born January 2, 1957) is the sixth president of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and the College at Southeastern in Wake Forest, North Carolina. A leader in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), he has authored and edited numerous books and journal articles and is best known for his commitment to expository preaching and to the Great Commission. Akin was born and spent his early years in Forest Park, Georgia, outside of Atlanta. In high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8463068", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Huch\"\nhis wife. His most recent book, \"\"4 Blood Moons\"\", released October 28, 2014. Pastor Larry Huch seeks to bridge the gap between Christian and Jews and \"\"restore the Church to its Judeo-Christian foundation\"\". He believes in studying, understanding, and teaching the Word from a Jewish perspective. Larry Huch Larry Huch (born November 15, 1950) is an American non-denominational pastor and televangelist. He is the founder and senior pastor of DFW New Beginnings in Bedford, Texas along with his wife Tiz. They have three children that are all active in their ministry, and three grandchildren. Founded in November 2004, this non-denominational", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19818268", "chunk_text": "\"Mac Brunson\"\nto pass the city council. City council members that voted down the bill were later honored at a First Baptist Church service, Brunson as the presiding pastor. Mac Brunson Donald McCall \"\"Mac\"\" Brunson (born September 20, 1957) is an American Baptist minister who was the senior pastor of the First Baptist Church in Jacksonville, Florida, a Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) megachurch. Previously, he served as senior pastor of the First Baptist Church in Dallas, Texas, and in 2018 took the pastorate at Valleydale Church in Birmingham, Alabama. Brunson was born in the small town of Greenwood, South Carolina, the youngest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15777601", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Arterburn\"\nSteve Arterburn Stephen \"\"Steve\"\" Arterburn from Ranger, Texas is the founder and chairman of \"\"New Life Ministries\"\" and host of the syndicated Christian counseling talk show 'New Life Live!,' heard and watched by over 2 million people each week on nearly 200 radio stations nationwide, on XM and Sirius Satellite radio and on NRB Network. Arterburn is also the host of \"\"New Life TV,\"\" a web-based channel dedicated to transforming lives through God's truth. Arterburn is the founder of the Women of Faith conferences attended by over 5 million people. He also serves as a teaching pastor in Carmel, Indiana.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14446547", "chunk_text": "\"Paula White\"\nPaula White Paula Michelle White-Cain (née Furr; April 20, 1966), better known as Paula White, is an American non-denominational pastor. She is the senior pastor of New Destiny Christian Center, in Apopka, Florida, a non-denominational, multicultural megachurch. She hosts a television show, \"\"Paula White Today\"\". She was the co-pastor of Without Walls International Church in Tampa, a church she co-founded with pastor and then-husband Randy White. White became chair of the evangelical advisory board in Donald Trump's administration. She delivered the invocation at his inauguration, on January 20, 2017. She was listed No. 3 \"\"50 Most Powerful 2017: Philanthropy &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13764989", "chunk_text": "\"William Murphy (musician)\"\non Verity. The album reached the Gospel Albums chart, as well as the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. Murphy was born in Detroit, Michigan on August 2, 1973. His father and grandfather are pastors/bishops. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia in 2001, with his wife Danielle and two children, to serve as the worship minister at New Birth. He later founded The dReam Center Church of Atlanta in 2006, where Tasha Cobbs was on pastoral staff. His wife Danielle, is also a pastor at the church. William is the residing Bishop of Worship in the FGBCF International ministry (Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship) under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1492515", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel L. Akin\"\nDaniel L. Akin Daniel Lowell \"\"Danny\"\" Akin (born January 2, 1957) is the sixth president of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and the College at Southeastern in Wake Forest, North Carolina. A leader in the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), he has authored and edited numerous books and journal articles and is best known for his commitment to expository preaching and to the Great Commission. Akin was born and spent his early years in Forest Park, Georgia, outside of Atlanta. In high school, he was a multi-sport athlete in baseball, basketball and football, intending to try to pitch as a walk-on in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12522022", "chunk_text": "\"Newhope church\"\nof this conference is to teach pastors how to grow their respected churches, through grassroots outreach. A portion of the fees from InCite are used to fund the Global Leadership Conference to be held in Kenya. Newhope church newhope church is a Wesleyan church founded by Pastor Benji Kelley, it is currently one of the fastest growing churches in the United States, and has campuses around the globe including North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kenya. newhope church was founded in 2002 by Benji Kelley, and his wife Amy Lynn Kelley. In 2001, Jim Garlow was working as a senior pastor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2138840", "chunk_text": "\"Triumph Church\"\nto Solomon and Janie Kinloch on July 28, 1973, the youngest son and the fifth of six children. He is the senior pastor of Triumph Church. He has been a minister since the age of 14, beginning under the tutelage of Pastor Robert Smith, Jr. at the New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan. In 1998, Rev. Kinloch accepted the call to Pastor at Triumph Baptist Church, in Detroit, Michigan. Kinloch served on the board of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the New Market Tax Credit Advisory Board. Recognized as a premier personality in preaching, Kinloch has received numerous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618264", "chunk_text": "\"Robert V. Lee\"\nLee, III, was born January 14, 1951 in El Paso, Texas to Colonel Robert V. Lee, Jr. and Cynthia Warren Lee. He is a renowned Episcopal Priest, Humanitarian, and Founder/CEO and Chairman of FreshMinistries and Be The Change International. He earned his bachelor's degree from Vanderbilt University and continued graduate studies in journalism at the University of Georgia. Upon accepting his calling into the ministry, he earned a master's of divinity from Yale University and a doctorate of theology from New York Theological Seminary. After serving as rector of Church of Our Saviour in Jacksonville, Florida, Dr. Lee was called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6477501", "chunk_text": "\"Joel Osteen\"\nJoel Osteen Joel Scott Osteen (born March 5, 1963) is an American televangelist based in Houston, Texas. Osteen's televised sermons are seen by over 7 million viewers weekly and over 20 million monthly in over 100 countries. He is the author of seven books which have been on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. Osteen was born in Houston, Texas, and is one of six children of John Osteen and Dolores (\"\"Dodie\"\") Pilgrim. His father, a former Southern Baptist pastor, founded Lakewood Church, of which Osteen is the current senior pastor, in the back of an old feed store.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9079603", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Hunt\"\nfor the North American Mission Board. Johnny Hunt Johnny M. Hunt (born July 17, 1952) is an evangelical Christian pastor, author, and former President of the Southern Baptist Convention. He is currently the senior pastor of First Baptist Church Woodstock, in Woodstock, Georgia. Hunt was born in Lumberton, North Carolina. He is a member of the Lumbee Native American Indian tribe based in North Carolina. Hunt's father left the family when he was seven. He became an alcoholic and gambler at a young age, dropping out of school at 16 and managing a pool room. Hunt experienced a radical conversion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14084501", "chunk_text": "\"Tullian Tchividjian\"\nTullian Tchividjian William Graham Tullian Tchividjian (; born July 13, 1972) is a former pastor of the Presbyterian Church in America denomination, and author of more than a half dozen books about Christianity and current issues, including \"\"One Way Love\"\" and \"\"It is Finished\"\" (David C. Cook, 2013 and 2015). A grandson of Christian evangelist Billy Graham, Tchividjian founded an Evangelical Presbyterian Church congregation before being tapped to merge it and become the second senior pastor of Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church in Fort Lauderdale, Florida (after the church's late founder and longterm leader, D. James Kennedy). Serving 2009–2015, Tchividjian resigned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718093", "chunk_text": "\"Douglass, Memphis, Tennessee\"\non Friday, October 13, 2006 in Southern California. Shortly after her ordination Pastor Maggie Campbell and her husband, Alvin Campbell established a new church in Palmdale, California and dedicated it to her great grandfather, the late William Rush-Plummer called, ‘Church of the Living God’, www.church-living-god.org on February 4, 2009. They have continued their affiliation and ministry partnership with St. Paul Douglass Missionary Baptist Church. Alvin and Pastor Maggie Campbell opened the ‘Church of the Living God’ (Missionary Baptist) in memory of Pastor Maggie’s great-great grandfather Rush-Plummer where Women in Ministry Leadership receive specialized training and Official Ordination with a goal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10204279", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Miller (pastor)\"\nIngrown Church\"\" (1986). A volume of his letters, \"\"The Heart of a Servant Leader\"\", was published in 2004. Jack Miller (pastor) C. John Miller (1928–1996), usually known as Jack Miller, was an American Presbyterian pastor. He served as pastor of New Life Presbyterian Church in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, and taught practical theology at Westminster Theological Seminary. Miller founded World Harvest Mission (now named Serge) and the New Life Presbyterian network of Orthodox Presbyterian churches. He was known for emphasizing the Christian's status as a child of God, a view known as sonship theology. Tullian Tchividjian notes that Miller summed up the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3168263", "chunk_text": "\"Nineteenth Street Baptist Church (Washington, D.C.)\"\nthe membership of the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church elected Reverend Dr. Darryl D. Roberts to the position of Pastor-Elect. He delivered his first sermon as Senior Pastor at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church on January 1, 2017. Prior to leading the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church, Dr. Roberts served as Senior Pastor of Mount Welcome Missionary Baptist Church in Decatur, Georgia. From 2007 to 2011, Dr. Roberts served as Associate Minister and Assistant Pastor of the Historic Ebenezer Baptist Church (Atlanta, Georgia), preceded by appointments as Intern and Associate Pastor at Olivet Institutional Baptist Church (Cleveland, OH), Calvary Baptist Church (Haverhill,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3099122", "chunk_text": "\"New Life Assembly of God\"\nare identified as part of Evangelical Christianity, current Pentecostal, Assemblies of God. New Life Assembly of God New Life Assembly of God is an evangelical megachurch affiliated with Assemblies of God, in Chennai, India, current Pentecostal. The senior pastor of this community is David Mohan. In 2016, the attendance is 40,000 people. The church was founded in 1973 by Pastor David Mohan. In 1999, the church added a service in English, led by Pastor Chadwick Mohan, the son of Pastor David. In 2004, assistance reaches 30,000 people. In 2016, the church has 40,000 people. The church has medical sponsorship activities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14747713", "chunk_text": "\"Willie George\"\nWillie George Willie George is the founding pastor of Church on the Move in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Born and raised in Texas, George converted to Christianity while in high school. He and his wife, Deleva, have been married over 30 years. In addition to two sons and two daughters, they have four children and ten grandchildren. Willie George became a Christian in 1972 and began work in the Children's Ministry as a youth pastor of a church of 200 in Plainview, Texas. George believes that God spoke to him during a significant and intense time of prayer and instructed him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17578868", "chunk_text": "\"Faithful Word Baptist Church\"\na planned missionary trip to Malawi in order to set up a church there. Malawian authorities subsequently made it known that he would not be welcome in the country and that he would also be banned from entering it in the future. Anderson was denied entry to Canada on 10 November 2017. On 29 January 2018, Anderson was banned from entering Jamaica. Faithful Word Baptist Church Faithful Word Baptist Church is a fundamentalist Independent Baptist church in Tempe, Arizona, in the United States founded by Pastor Steven Anderson. The church describes itself as \"\"an old-fashioned, independent, fundamental, King James Bible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2056214", "chunk_text": "\"Paula White\"\nis stepmother to the three children of her third husband, Jonathan Cain. Paula White Paula Michelle White-Cain (née Furr; April 20, 1966), better known as Paula White, is an American non-denominational pastor. She is the senior pastor of New Destiny Christian Center, in Apopka, Florida, a non-denominational, multicultural megachurch. She hosts a television show, \"\"Paula White Today\"\". She was the co-pastor of Without Walls International Church in Tampa, a church she co-founded with pastor and then-husband Randy White. White became chair of the evangelical advisory board in Donald Trump's administration. She delivered the invocation at his inauguration, on January 20,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12362255", "chunk_text": "\"First Baptist Church (Hammond, Indiana)\"\nthe victim during counseling and had sex with her in his office. In March 2013, Schaap was sentenced to 12 years in federal prison for having sex with an underage girl. In January 2013, John Wilkerson became pastor of Hammond, following a January 13, 2013 service with a 94% of the 2,078 members' votes. Wilkerson was previously connected to the church, notably Wilkerson graduated from Hyles-Anderson College in 1989, and his wife Linda graduated in 1990. First Baptist Church has several outreach ministries, including Prepare Now Resources, Hyles-Anderson College (not accredited by any recognized accreditation body), Fundamental Baptist Missions International,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20074373", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Phelps\"\nprior to 2011. He is married to Linda Phelps, and has five children. His son, who was the youth pastor of Colonial Hills, was killed in a bus accident along with two other church members on July 2013. Chuck Phelps Dr. Charles Phelps, more commonly known as Chuck, is an American Baptist pastor. He has worked in the ministry for over thirty years, and currently is the senior pastor at Colonial Hills Baptist Church in Indianapolis. Prior to working in Indianapolis, he pastored a Baptist church in Concord, New Hampshire, United States, for several years. He was the head of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_764	who is doing 2018 super bowl half time show?	n/a	[ "Justin Timberlake" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891247", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing \"\"Filthy\"\" in a club setting below the field level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021346", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891202", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing the show by January 2017 and had no guest performers. Her sister gave her the idea of performing from atop the NRG Stadium; Gaga worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nin line with that of the game as a whole, which had lost 7% compared to the previous year. According to initial sales reports from Nielsen Music, sales of the songs Timberlake performed during the halftime show gained 534% in the United States on February 4, the day of the Super Bowl, compared to Feb. 3, while his streams on Spotify gained 214%. Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18319591", "chunk_text": "\"Football Night in America\"\nBob Costas at the \"\"SNF\"\" game site, the format remained virtually unchanged as all commentators returned to the show from the previous season. Mike Tirico became the new host of the program from the \"\"SNF\"\" game site, replacing Bob Costas. Also, the format remained virtually unchanged as all of the other in-studio commentators (Patrick, Harrison and Dungy) returned from the previous season. On February 4, 2018, NBC aired a six-hour pregame show from Minneapolis, the host city of Super Bowl LII, starting at noon ET (11am CT), hosted by Patrick, Dungy and Harrison, the latter two also served as lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891246", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nMain performer Creative personnel Vendors Lighting crew Art design team Stage video and projection crew Intel Shooting Star drone team All Access Staging & Productions crew Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721375", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nAmerican pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075383", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\n\"\"Bud Light Super Bowl Music Fest\"\", a three-night concert series that will be headlined by Ludacris and Migos (night 1), Aerosmith (night 2), and Bruno Mars and Cardi B (night 3). The NFL will officially launch its centennial commemorations at Super Bowl LIII, ahead of its 100th season later in the year. CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. As with CBS's previous Super Bowl (Super Bowl 50), ESPN Deportes will air a Spanish-language broadcast of the game. On September 19, 2018, it was reported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891256", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nbut Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, \"\"along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774833", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nthen returned to the main stage to perform \"\"Mirrors\"\", as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors, creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium. Timberlake closed the show with \"\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"\", entering the stands at the conclusion of the song. For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012, no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance. The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects. In July 2017, Britney Spears was rumored to be the headliner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nMajor Instinct\"\" sermon on the virtues of serving others (February 4, 2018 was also the 50th anniversary of the sermon). The ad was considered an exploitation of King's words to sell a product, with media outlets noting that the sermon in the ad went on to specifically criticize advertisers (including automobile manufacturers) for being \"\"gentlemen of massive verbal persuasion\"\". NBC's lead-out program was an episode of \"\"This Is Us\"\", titled \"\"Super Bowl Sunday\"\", alongside a special episode of \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"\" from Minneapolis' Orpheum Theatre, with halftime performer Justin Timberlake, Dwayne Johnson, Chris Stapleton and the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749848", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nincluding Super Bowl LII. As a result of the deal, the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time, regardless of network (because of Verizon's previous exclusive rights deal, non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts, regardless of source). The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers. Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC's pre-game coverage. Mike Tirico, who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084300", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nsurfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318686", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nwas simulcasted on TSN Radio in Canada. In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live returned to coverage after the previous year's NFL broadcaster, Absolute Radio 90s, dropped out of sports coverage. Rocky Boiman and Darren Fletcher return as commentators. Idina Menzel performed the national anthem and John Legend performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. At the start of the halftime show, on-field participants held up light globes which created a bird's-eye view of the Pepsi logo. Perry entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13887368", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Costas\"\nand he wouldn't allow a son with athletic talent to play it. Costas had been scheduled to work Super Bowl LII, his eighth as a host (despite stepping down from \"\"Football Night in America\"\" in favor of his successor Mike Tirico, Costas was to return while Tirico prepped to lead NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics, set to begin a few days later). However, the network announced shortly before the game that Liam McHugh would instead join Dan Patrick as a co-host, leading to speculation that NBC removed Costas from the NFL's biggest game over his comments. Costas has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198901", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nartist under the age of AARP eligibility\"\" to headline the Super Bowl halftime show. Initial reports mentioned that Beyoncé's husband, Jay-Z was a potential collaborator on the show. However, he did not appear during the show, and a source told to \"\"Us Weekly\"\" that he changed his decision at the last minute as he wanted the performance \"\"to be her moment and didn't want to take away from it\"\". The halftime show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. During the performance Beyoncé was dressed in an oversized black jacket, lace-and-leather bodysuit and thigh-high stockings. Kelly Rowland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4420109", "chunk_text": "\"Football Night in America\"\nanalysts. Liam McHugh, who had previously hosted the NBC-produced \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" pregame show during parts of the 2017 NFL season, filled in for Tirico at the game site while the latter was in PyeongChang, South Korea preparing for the network's Winter Olympics coverage (which began just four nights later, on February 8, 2018). Patrick also hosted the halftime and postgame shows. For the 2018 season, Mike Tirico moved to NBC Sports HQ in Stamford to be the new studio host for the show, replacing Dan Patrick. Tirico is joined in studio by returning analysts Rodney Harrison and Tony Dungy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015785", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084299", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721374", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the history of the Super Bowl, attracting 115.3 million viewers. The show was later surpassed by the following year's Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021347", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\ncreated on Change.org to have the song \"\"Sweet Victory\"\" from the Nickelodeon show \"\"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\" played at the Super Bowl in honor of the show's late creator, Stephen Hillenburg. Within a week, the petition gained over 820,000 signatures in only five days. Producer Bob Kulick, who worked on the song, retweeted the petition on December 1, 2018. On Dec 12 2018, the Mercedes-Benz Stadium Twitter account posted a tweet on Sweet Victory, included in the Spongebob Squarepants episode “Band Geeks”, indicating that it may be played. Super Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774853", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nnothing to say in his performance, and said that it lacked soul and meaning. At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, the Super Bowl halftime show received four nominations: Outstanding Directing For A Variety Special, Outstanding Lighting Design/Lighting Direction For A Variety Special, Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control For A Limited Series, Movie Or Special. The Super Bowl LII halftime show was seen by 106.6 million television viewers in the United States, 9% less than Lady Gaga's in 2017. It had higher average viewership than the game itself, and the decline for the halftime show was roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721389", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nOne Direction tickets and Jason Aldean tickets, which were two of the highest prices for an American tours during the spring and summer of 2014. Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198899", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé with special guests Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams from Destiny's Child. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It received acclaim from music critics who commented that Beyoncé once more proved her abilities during live performances. It became the then second most watched show in Super Bowl history by garnering 110.8 million viewers. The performance, and the stadium blackout that followed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nNo players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony. World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin. Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band \"\"The Tennessee Kids\"\" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band. Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19408088", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\n2018, neither Jackson nor Timberlake are banned from the halftime show. Timberlake later performed at Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. In 2002, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" reported that Jackson was the original choice to perform at the halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVI, however the NFL ultimately decided to select U2 to headline it after a group of NFL owners and officials attended the band's concert in New York City shortly after the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, the NFL announced that Jackson would be the headline performer of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. Because the event was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075384", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\nthat the American pop rock band, Maroon 5, will headline the game's halftime show, though neither the NFL nor Maroon 5 have confirmed the reports. Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8788206", "chunk_text": "\"NBC's New Year's Eve\"\nlate-night portion airing at 11:30 p.m.; the 10:00 p.m. ET/PT hour was replaced by \"\"New Year’s Eve Game Night\"\"—a special live episode of \"\"Hollywood Game Night\"\" hosted by Cohen. Mel B of the Spice Girls and \"\"America's Got Talent\"\" co-hosted the 2016–17 edition, which included performances by Alicia Keys, Blake Shelton, and Pentatonix. The 10:00 p.m. ET/PT hour was occupied by a special primetime episode of \"\"Late Night with Seth Meyers\"\" with guests Arnold Schwarzenegger (\"\"The New Celebrity Apprentice\"\"), Leslie Jones, and Jennifer Lawrence. As December 31, 2017 fell on a Sunday, \"\"Sunday Night Football\"\" was provisionally scheduled for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461611", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nThat's all there was. Janet Jackson,\"\" adding \"\"Janet don't pull that thing open herself. He did it. We were surprised that they didn't say anything to Justin about it.\"\" Timberlake would eventually be invited back to the Super Bowl halftime show when he was named headlining act for the Super Bowl LII halftime show in February 2018. During his performance, Timberlake again sang a portion of \"\"Rock Your Body,\"\" but stopped right before reaching the \"\"I'm gonna have you naked by the end of this song\"\" lyric, saying \"\"hold up! Stop!\"\" and smiling. Some commentators interpreted this as a subtle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13707914", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Gray (sportscaster)\"\nGray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9724288", "chunk_text": "\"Monday Night Countdown\"\nand the \"\"Monday Night Countdown\"\" crew did the show on November 21 from Estadio Azteca in Mexico City for the game between the Oakland Raiders and Houston Texans, and December 12 from Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. This was also Berman's final season as a host for ESPN's NFL-themed studio shows. Suzy Kolber was named host of \"\"Monday Night Countdown\"\" on March 23, 2017. She replaced Chris Berman, who departed after 30 seasons of hosting NFL-themed studio shows, though he still appeared in occasional segments. In addition to her pregame duties, Kolber now hosts all halftime and post-game shows, normally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18673354", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Tirico\"\nthe 2018 Winter Olympics. Tirico also replaced Costas as studio host for NBC's NFL coverage and \"\"Football Night in America\"\". On May 31, 2017, it was announced that Mike Tirico would permanently replace Al Michaels as the play-by-play commentator for all of NBC's \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games, due to the NFL having changed its stance on its previous requirement. In 2017, Tirico took over the role of Tom Hammond in Triple Crown coverage, and succeeded Dan Hicks full-time as the play-by-play commentator for Notre Dame football. NBC lost \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" to Fox for the 2018 season. After Fox initially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461576", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nto players and coaches as Roberts ran around the field until players from both competing teams, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers, tackled him. Matt Chatham, the Patriots' special teams expert and reserve linebacker initially knocked Roberts down, thus allowing stadium security and police to arrest Roberts and take him into custody. Aside from Jackson's exposure, minor controversy around the show's other performances included rappers P. Diddy and Nelly gesturing towards their crotches, stripping cheerleaders, and musician Kid Rock appearing in a poncho made from a slit American flag, which he later threw towards the audience. U.S. Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20552751", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI\"\nBowl 50, confirmed that she would be performing at the Super Bowl LI halftime show on her Instagram account with the message: \"\"It's not an illusion. The rumors are true. This year the SUPER BOWL goes GAGA!\"\" Fox Sports president and executive producer of the show, John Entz, confirmed Gaga's involvement adding \"\"[She] is one of the most electric performers of our generation, and we couldn't be happier with the choice to have her headline the Super Bowl LI Halftime Show... It is going to be an incredible night.\"\" Lady Gaga opened the halftime show with a combination of \"\"God", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120923", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLII\"\nMyers (Patriots) were the sideline reporters. This Super Bowl featured nine hours of game-related coverage prior to kickoff on game day. Fox News started the coverage on the Fox network at 9:00 a.m. ET. Official pre-game coverage began at 2:00 p.m. ET, and was handled by the \"\"Fox NFL Sunday\"\" pregame show team led by Curt Menefee, joined by Terry Bradshaw, Howie Long, and Jimmy Johnson. Jillian Reynolds served as Weather and Entertainment Reporter for the pre-game show. Additionally, Frank Caliendo appeared in various comedic skits and Ryan Seacrest provided coverage of celebrity arrivals to the game site. This was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015805", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nShark\"\". The U.S. Trademark Office rejected her initial attempt to register \"\"Left Shark\"\". Her team initiated litigation against an Orlando, Florida, artist named Fernando Sosa, who had been making 3-D figurines of Left Shark. Set list adapted from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318677", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nexpensive as a year's tuition at the University of Phoenix, and commented that the $28,888 price of seats near the 50-yard line \"\"should not only buy you Katy Perry's halftime show but also Katy Perry singing again from your backseat halfway through your drive home.\"\" Super Bowl XLIX was televised by NBC in the United States, with play-by-play announcer Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth calling the game from the booth and Michele Tafoya working as sideline reporter. Game coverage was preceded by a six-hour pre-game show featuring the \"\"Football Night in America\"\" crew, including Bob Costas, Dan Patrick,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774790", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nof the stage, shouted \"\"Super Bowl 51\"\", dropped her microphone, and jumped off the stage catching a football. Around August 2016 media began reporting that singer Adele was in discussions with the National Football League (NFL) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, on February 5, 2017, at Houston's NRG Stadium. Pepsi Zero Sugar sponsored the show. A representative from the NFL said that \"\"organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up\"\". During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles, Adele clarified that although she had been asked to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773213", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIX\"\n2 T-6 Texan trainers and a B-25 Mitchell bomber. The coin toss ceremony featured youth football players from Jacksonville: Tyler Callahan, Tyler Deal, Lawrence McCauley, and Jacob Santana; and New Orleans NFL Junior Player Development coach Tamaris Jackson. They were billed as the first non-celebrities to participate in the coin toss. For the third straight year, each team took the field \"\"en masse,\"\" following a tradition the Patriots had started in Super Bowl XXXVI. In prerecorded video segments, Andover, Massachusetts native Michael Chiklis introduced the Patriots, and Philadelphia-born Will Smith introduced the Eagles. Paul McCartney performed during the halftime show;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116693", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XXVII halftime show The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show took place on January 31, 1993, at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California, as part of Super Bowl XXVII. It featured American singer Michael Jackson. The halftime show was broadcast on NBC. This halftime performance increased the TV ratings by a significant amount and has been claimed to be one of the most watched events in American television history with 133.4 million viewers. Jackson's performance started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest. After Super Bowl XXVI, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774785", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nthe logistics behind it. She promoted the performance by uploading short clips on her social media accounts. Fashion house Versace created the wardrobe for the show with a custom jumpsuit for the singer. Designers Bruce Rodgers and LeRoy Bennett did the show's production work with lighting designer Bob Barnhart of 22 Degrees. The stage was created by All Access Staging & Productions, which had also created previous Super Bowl halftime stages. During the introduction scene, Gaga was accompanied by a fleet of 300 drones provided by Intel, which formed an image of the American flag behind the singer. It marked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16450605", "chunk_text": "\"Times Square Ball\"\nreturned to a Times Square-based show hosted by Steve Harvey for 2018. Spanish-language network Univision broadcasts \"\"¡Feliz!\"\", hosted by Raúl de Molina of \"\"El Gordo y La Flaca\"\". On cable, CNN carries coverage of the festivities, known as \"\"New Year's Eve Live\"\", which was historically hosted by Anderson Cooper and Kathy Griffin from Times Square. Griffin was removed from her role in 2017 after she published a controversial political photo; she was replaced by Andy Cohen for 2018. Fox News carries \"\"All-American New Year\"\", which was most recently hosted by Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Bill Hemmer from Times Square. Since 2008-09,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7435229", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nMVP. This game was also the final game of Peyton Manning's career; the Broncos quarterback, who also won Super Bowl XLI, announced his retirement in March 2016. CBS' broadcast of the game was the third most-watched program in American television history with an average of 111.9 million viewers. The network charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. It remains the highest-rated program in the history of CBS. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by Coldplay, with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220106", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII\"\nTonight Show\"\" host Jay Leno; Cris Collinsworth (participating in an NFL Experience piece with Christensen as well as reporting from the Dallas locker room); former Los Angeles Lakers basketball player Magic Johnson (then working as a commentator for the \"\"NBA on NBC\"\"; Johnson was assigned to an interview with Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman, running back Emmitt Smith and wide receiver Michael Irvin); Paul Maguire; Gayle Gardner; Jim Lampley (who would replace Costas as host of \"\"NFL Live\"\" for the following season); and \"\"Dateline NBC\"\" correspondent Deborah Roberts (producing a special report on the Michael Jackson halftime show). Also included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015786", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\ngame itself and won two Emmy Awards in September 2015. In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a shortlist of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, which were Coldplay, Katy Perry, and Rihanna. However, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" also reported that league representatives asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made following the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427870", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nof the cape, they had to re-do it for the singer. The performance featured 500 outfits customized for LMFAO, Minaj, M.I.A., Green, 100 drumline performers, 150 gladiators (who wore black Calvin Klein underwear) and 200 choir singers. The 1,500 crew members were allotted seven minutes to set up the stage, with the California-based Torrence All Access Staging and Productions handling the required equipment. Erik Eastland of the company, who oversaw the setup, had been associated with the Grammy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards. About 70 percent of the workers were volunteers who underwent six months of screening, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860208", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nMcFarland as their color commentators; while McFarland offers his commentary from the sidelines, he fills a role similar to the \"\"non-football\"\" player position that \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" has traditionally relied upon in its past three-person booths (such as Howard Cosell, Dennis Miller and Tony Kornheiser). Lisa Salters, the sideline reporter, carries over from the previous broadcast team. Jeff Triplette will replace Gerald Austin as rules analyst. Fox initially had planned to hire a new broadcast team for its \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\", making an overture to Peyton Manning to serve as color commentator. Since Manning declined the offer, the network announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860210", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nbe joined by fellow Fox colleagues Terry Bradshaw and Howie Long. In previous seasons, Buck did not call any NFL games during late October, working Major League Baseball playoff games instead. For 2018, Fox coordinated its schedule with MLB so that none of its scheduled broadcasts would land on a Thursday (Fox carries the NLCS and the World Series), so Buck will continue to broadcast both sports, crisscrossing the country in seven cities over a 22-day period. In addition, NBC will introduce a new studio team for \"\"Football Night in America\"\". Mike Tirico, who was the on-site host and secondary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015787", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nNFL spokeswoman, the request had, according to the \"\"Journal\"\", received a \"\"chilly\"\" response from those involved. Fans of \"\"Weird Al\"\" Yankovic launched an unsuccessful campaign to have Yankovic perform the halftime show to promote his album \"\"Mandatory Fun\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime, and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. On January 10, 2015, Perry announced that Lenny Kravitz would also appear at the halftime show. On January 30, 2015, it was revealed that Missy Elliott, who previously worked with Perry on \"\"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\"\" (Remix), would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891226", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\non top of NRG Stadium, a fleet of 300 synchronized, LED-equipped \"\"Shooting Star\"\" quadcopter drones provided by Intel accompanied Gaga. They formed an image of the American flag behind the singer. This marked the first time the drones were used as part of a television broadcast. According to Intel's senior vice president Josh Walden, \"\"Gaga and the Super Bowl creative team wanted to pull off something that had never been done before ... The potential for these light show drones is endless.\"\" Barnhart explained he had wanted to use drones in the Super Bowl for many years, but never encountered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_765	who is playing the halftime show for the superbowl?	n/a	[ "Justin Timberlake" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891247", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017. It was televised nationally by NBC. It received four nominations at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing \"\"Filthy\"\" in a club setting below the field level", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021346", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show) will take place on Sunday February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. \"\"The New York Times\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that U.S. pop band Maroon 5 was set to headline the show (with Cardi B and Travis Scott as guests); the NFL has not yet officially announced the performer. In October 2018, it was reported that Rihanna had declined an offer to perform, due to her support of Colin Kaepernick. On November 27, a petition was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891246", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nMain performer Creative personnel Vendors Lighting crew Art design team Stage video and projection crew Intel Shooting Star drone team All Access Staging & Productions crew Super Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891202", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl LI halftime show The Super Bowl LI Halftime show took place on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, as part of Super Bowl LI. Lady Gaga headlined the show performing a medley of her songs, including material from her then-most recent studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\". The National Football League (NFL) confirmed the singer would helm the LI halftime show after discussions with the singer Adele proved unproductive. Gaga began rehearsing the show by January 2017 and had no guest performers. Her sister gave her the idea of performing from atop the NRG Stadium; Gaga worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084299", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively. Coldplay, Rihanna, and Katy Perry were considered as potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015. Perry was soon confirmed as the headliner of the halftime show in October 2014. In late November, 2015, reports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nin line with that of the game as a whole, which had lost 7% compared to the previous year. According to initial sales reports from Nielsen Music, sales of the songs Timberlake performed during the halftime show gained 534% in the United States on February 4, the day of the Super Bowl, compared to Feb. 3, while his streams on Spotify gained 214%. Super Bowl LII halftime show The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015785", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted 118.5 million viewers in the United States and 120.7 million worldwide, receiving the largest ratings in the history of the Super Bowl and becoming the most watched of all-time. The halftime show was watched by more viewers than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318686", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nwas simulcasted on TSN Radio in Canada. In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live returned to coverage after the previous year's NFL broadcaster, Absolute Radio 90s, dropped out of sports coverage. Rocky Boiman and Darren Fletcher return as commentators. Idina Menzel performed the national anthem and John Legend performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. At the start of the halftime show, on-field participants held up light globes which created a bird's-eye view of the Pepsi logo. Perry entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891256", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nbut Pepsi quickly denied it. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer. Jay-Z was also rumored to be a solo performer, but it was reported that he turned it down due to the NFL's treatment of Colin Kapernick, which he later confirmed in his song Apeshit. A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, \"\"along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nNo players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony. World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin. Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band \"\"The Tennessee Kids\"\" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band. Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7435229", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nMVP. This game was also the final game of Peyton Manning's career; the Broncos quarterback, who also won Super Bowl XLI, announced his retirement in March 2016. CBS' broadcast of the game was the third most-watched program in American television history with an average of 111.9 million viewers. The network charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. It remains the highest-rated program in the history of CBS. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by Coldplay, with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198899", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVII halftime show occurred on February 3, 2013, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans as part of Super Bowl XLVII and featured American entertainer Beyoncé with special guests Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams from Destiny's Child. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. It received acclaim from music critics who commented that Beyoncé once more proved her abilities during live performances. It became the then second most watched show in Super Bowl history by garnering 110.8 million viewers. The performance, and the stadium blackout that followed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721374", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the history of the Super Bowl, attracting 115.3 million viewers. The show was later surpassed by the following year's Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721375", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nAmerican pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6083314", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nthe league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock band Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"\"Hymn for the Weekend\"\" (which was removed from the setlist before the game), would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson (Mars's collaborator on \"\"Uptown Funk\"\") also performed. Denver took the opening kickoff of Super Bowl 50 and started out strong. Quarterback Peyton Manning completed an 18-yard pass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116693", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVII halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XXVII halftime show The Super Bowl XXVII halftime show took place on January 31, 1993, at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California, as part of Super Bowl XXVII. It featured American singer Michael Jackson. The halftime show was broadcast on NBC. This halftime performance increased the TV ratings by a significant amount and has been claimed to be one of the most watched events in American television history with 133.4 million viewers. Jackson's performance started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest. After Super Bowl XXVI, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774833", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII halftime show\"\nthen returned to the main stage to perform \"\"Mirrors\"\", as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors, creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium. Timberlake closed the show with \"\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"\", entering the stands at the conclusion of the song. For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012, no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance. The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects. In July 2017, Britney Spears was rumored to be the headliner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20721389", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show\"\nOne Direction tickets and Jason Aldean tickets, which were two of the highest prices for an American tours during the spring and summer of 2014. Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show occurred on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey as part of Super Bowl XLVIII and was headlined by American singer Bruno Mars alongside his band The Hooligans with special guests The Red Hot Chili Peppers. The show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. At the time of airing the halftime show attracted the largest audience in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075383", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\n\"\"Bud Light Super Bowl Music Fest\"\", a three-night concert series that will be headlined by Ludacris and Migos (night 1), Aerosmith (night 2), and Bruno Mars and Cardi B (night 3). The NFL will officially launch its centennial commemorations at Super Bowl LIII, ahead of its 100th season later in the year. CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. As with CBS's previous Super Bowl (Super Bowl 50), ESPN Deportes will air a Spanish-language broadcast of the game. On September 19, 2018, it was reported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765549", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII\"\nperform it as if it were \"\"a brand new song.\"\" Jennifer Hudson and a chorus of several students from Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, the site of the shooting on December 14, 2012, performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". The coin toss ceremony featured the recent inductees to the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Larry Allen, Cris Carter, Curley Culp, Warren Sapp, Bill Parcells, Jonathan Ogden, and Dave Robinson. On October 16, 2012, Beyoncé was chosen as the headline performer for the Super Bowl halftime show, with a reunited Destiny's Child also appearing as part of the show. Despite initial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084300", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nsurfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album \"\"A Head Full of Dreams\"\". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015805", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nShark\"\". The U.S. Trademark Office rejected her initial attempt to register \"\"Left Shark\"\". Her team initiated litigation against an Orlando, Florida, artist named Fernando Sosa, who had been making 3-D figurines of Left Shark. Set list adapted from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl XLIX halftime show The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show took place on February 1, 2015, at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, as part of Super Bowl XLIX. It featured American singer Katy Perry, with singer Lenny Kravitz and rapper Missy Elliott as special guests. The halftime show was critically acclaimed and its broadcast on NBC attracted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773297", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XL\"\nchoir, performed the national anthem as part of a pre-game tribute to New Orleans, a nine-time Super Bowl host city then in the midst of efforts to rebuild in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. The national anthem was performed in American Sign Language by Angela LaGuardia, a teacher at Michigan School for the Deaf. Tom Brady, MVP of Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII, became the first active player to participate in a Super Bowl coin toss, the result of which toss was tails, as selected by Seattle. The Rolling Stones performed during the halftime show, which was sponsored by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12816891", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXV\"\nparticipating teams introduced collectively as a team, instead of introducing them individually by player. The halftime show was produced by MTV, then a sister network of CBS, and featured Aerosmith, 'N Sync, Britney Spears, Nelly, Mary J. Blige, and Tremors featuring The Earthquake Horns. The show featured a back-and-forth medley between Aerosmith and 'N Sync, featuring the songs \"\"Jaded\"\" and \"\"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\"\" by Aerosmith (the former song was from their then-upcoming album \"\"Just Push Play\"\") and \"\"Bye Bye Bye\"\" and \"\"It's Gonna Be Me\"\" by 'N Sync. The show ended with all of the performers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015787", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\nNFL spokeswoman, the request had, according to the \"\"Journal\"\", received a \"\"chilly\"\" response from those involved. Fans of \"\"Weird Al\"\" Yankovic launched an unsuccessful campaign to have Yankovic perform the halftime show to promote his album \"\"Mandatory Fun\"\". On October 9, 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" announced that Katy Perry would perform at halftime, and the NFL confirmed the announcement on November 23, 2014. On January 10, 2015, Perry announced that Lenny Kravitz would also appear at the halftime show. On January 30, 2015, it was revealed that Missy Elliott, who previously worked with Perry on \"\"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\"\" (Remix), would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14015786", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX halftime show\"\ngame itself and won two Emmy Awards in September 2015. In August 2014, it was reported that the NFL had a shortlist of three potential acts for the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show, which were Coldplay, Katy Perry, and Rihanna. However, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" also reported that league representatives asked representatives of potential acts if they would be willing to provide financial compensation to the NFL in exchange for their appearance, in the form of either an up-front fee, or a cut of revenue from concert performances made following the Super Bowl. While these reports were denied by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774790", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nof the stage, shouted \"\"Super Bowl 51\"\", dropped her microphone, and jumped off the stage catching a football. Around August 2016 media began reporting that singer Adele was in discussions with the National Football League (NFL) to perform at the Super Bowl LI halftime show, on February 5, 2017, at Houston's NRG Stadium. Pepsi Zero Sugar sponsored the show. A representative from the NFL said that \"\"organisers are doing absolutely everything they can to try to persuade her to sign up\"\". During her Adele Live 2016 concert tour at Los Angeles, Adele clarified that although she had been asked to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749839", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nand a U.S. Bank Stadium lounge on the day of the Super Bowl. The Minneapolis Armory also hosted Jennifer Lopez, Imagine Dragons, and Pink concerts close to U.S. Bank Stadium. Pink also performed the national anthem before the Super Bowl. Halftime performer Justin Timberlake held a ticketed \"\"listening session\"\" of his newest album at Prince's Paisley Park. Dave Matthews Band performed at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul. The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community's Mystic Lake Casino hosted Gwen Stefani, the Chainsmokers, Florida Georgia Line, and Kygo. Planners originally scheduled a traveling nightclub for 9500 people, but cancelled, moving its concerts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15540384", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII\"\nMarching Band and Syracuse University Marching Band. Queen Latifah, joined by the New Jersey Youth Chorus, sang \"\"America the Beautiful\"\". \"\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\" was then sung by Renée Fleming, the first, (and, so far, only), opera singer ever to do so at a Super Bowl. A V-shaped formation of three United States Army Black Hawks, three Apache attack helicopters and three Chinook heavy-lifters did a military flyover timed with the last note of the song. On September 8, 2013, the league announced that Bruno Mars would perform at halftime. On January 10, 2014, it was announced that Red Hot Chili", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084303", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nof California Marching Band. Bruno Mars, Mark Ronson, and a troupe of backing dancers (dressed in the style of Michael Jackson) then performed \"\"Uptown Funk\"\". Beyoncé, also in a Jackson-inspired outfit and appearing with a set of backing dancers dressed as Black Panthers, then performed her new single \"\"Formation\"\" in a mass choreographed dance number before joining Mars onstage for a verse of \"\"Uptown Funk\"\". Coldplay played a snippet of \"\"Clocks\"\" during a video montage of past Super Bowl halftime and national anthem performances, including those by Bruce Springsteen, Missy Elliott, Katy Perry, The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Stevie Wonder,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19408088", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\n2018, neither Jackson nor Timberlake are banned from the halftime show. Timberlake later performed at Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. In 2002, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" reported that Jackson was the original choice to perform at the halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVI, however the NFL ultimately decided to select U2 to headline it after a group of NFL owners and officials attended the band's concert in New York City shortly after the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, the NFL announced that Jackson would be the headline performer of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show. Because the event was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6749854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nMajor Instinct\"\" sermon on the virtues of serving others (February 4, 2018 was also the 50th anniversary of the sermon). The ad was considered an exploitation of King's words to sell a product, with media outlets noting that the sermon in the ad went on to specifically criticize advertisers (including automobile manufacturers) for being \"\"gentlemen of massive verbal persuasion\"\". NBC's lead-out program was an episode of \"\"This Is Us\"\", titled \"\"Super Bowl Sunday\"\", alongside a special episode of \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"\" from Minneapolis' Orpheum Theatre, with halftime performer Justin Timberlake, Dwayne Johnson, Chris Stapleton and the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20461576", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy\"\nto players and coaches as Roberts ran around the field until players from both competing teams, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers, tackled him. Matt Chatham, the Patriots' special teams expert and reserve linebacker initially knocked Roberts down, thus allowing stadium security and police to arrest Roberts and take him into custody. Aside from Jackson's exposure, minor controversy around the show's other performances included rappers P. Diddy and Nelly gesturing towards their crotches, stripping cheerleaders, and musician Kid Rock appearing in a poncho made from a slit American flag, which he later threw towards the audience. U.S. Senator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204096", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nthe event. In addition, popular singers and musicians including Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Justin Timberlake, Beyoncé, Janet Jackson, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Whitney Houston, and Lady Gaga have performed during the event's pre-game and halftime ceremonies. For four decades after its 1920 inception, the NFL successfully fended off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, it encountered its most serious competitor when the American Football League (AFL) was formed. The AFL vied heavily with the NFL for both players and fans. The original \"\"bowl game\"\" was the Rose Bowl Game in Pasadena, California, which was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20787457", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl counterprogramming\"\nto its goal of ensuring that the halftime show is as much of a spectacle as the game itself, which has complimented the absolute dominance of the Super Bowl in television viewership. Besides a string of halftime shows from 2006 to 2011 that featured veteran rock acts in the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII \"\"wardrobe malfunction\"\", the practice of inviting pop acts to perform at the Super Bowl halftime show has continued. The Super Bowl XLIX halftime show featuring Katy Perry was seen by 118.5 million viewers, as part of an overall telecast that was the most-watched television broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767183", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nquickly cut away from the shot. The incident led to fines being issued by the FCC (and a larger crackdown over \"\"indecent\"\" content broadcast on television), and MTV (then a sister to the game's broadcaster that year, CBS, under Viacom) being banned by the NFL from producing the Super Bowl halftime show in the future. In an effort to prevent a repeat of the incident, the NFL held a moratorium on Super Bowl halftime shows featuring pop performers, and instead invited a single, headlining veteran act, such as Paul McCartney, The Who, Prince, and Bruce Springsteen. This practice ended at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13084309", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50 halftime show\"\nwho \"\"are willing to raise social consciousness and use their artistry to advance social justice.\"\" In attempt to address her own controversy, Beyoncé explained, \"\"I have so much admiration and respect for officers and the families of officers who sacrifice themselves to keep us safe. But let's be clear: I am against police brutality and injustice.\"\" The halftime show became the fourth highest ever watched show in the United States, with total viewership of 115.5 million. Setlist obtained from \"\"Billboard\"\". Super Bowl 50 halftime show The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8195254", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nsigned by the NFL for the Super Bowl halftime show, and in December the league confirmed that Madonna would perform in the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. The game was scheduled for February 5, 2012, and its organizers continued their practice of inviting global musicians to perform. Artists who had previously performed in the show included the Black Eyed Peas, Bruce Springsteen, the Rolling Stones, the Who, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, U2, Paul McCartney and Prince. The show coincided with the release of \"\"W.E.\"\" in United States. Madonna collaborated with Cirque du Soleil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14240936", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVI\"\nby \"\"Askmen.com\"\". Janet Jackson was originally selected to perform at the Halftime Show, but she instead allowed U2 to perform a tribute to the events of September 11 and due to traveling concerns following the tragedy. She performed again for the Super Bowl halftime two years later, when her highly controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident occurred. The Rams scored first midway through the first quarter, with quarterback Kurt Warner completing 6-of-7 passes for 43 yards on a 48-yard, 10-play drive to set up a 50-yard field goal by kicker Jeff Wilkins. At the time, the field goal was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220159", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXVIII\"\nmusician Charlie Daniels, and the Morehouse College Marching Band. The United States Trampoline Association (USTA) performed on 4 trampolines during \"\"Jump-Jump\"\" performed by Kris Kross. Later, singer Natalie Cole, accompanied by the Atlanta University Center Chorus, sang the national anthem. To honor the 25th anniversary of the New York Jets' upset win in Super Bowl III, that game's MVP, former Jets quarterback Joe Namath joined the coin toss ceremony. The halftime show was titled \"\"Rockin' Country Sunday\"\" and featured country music stars Clint Black, Tanya Tucker, Travis Tritt, and Wynonna Judd. The show's finale included a special appearance by Naomi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8198901", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show\"\nartist under the age of AARP eligibility\"\" to headline the Super Bowl halftime show. Initial reports mentioned that Beyoncé's husband, Jay-Z was a potential collaborator on the show. However, he did not appear during the show, and a source told to \"\"Us Weekly\"\" that he changed his decision at the last minute as he wanted the performance \"\"to be her moment and didn't want to take away from it\"\". The halftime show was produced by Ricky Kirshner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. During the performance Beyoncé was dressed in an oversized black jacket, lace-and-leather bodysuit and thigh-high stockings. Kelly Rowland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14763139", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVII\"\nnamed Super Bowl MVP, after Drew Brees at Super Bowl XLIV, Aaron Rodgers at Super Bowl XLV, and Eli Manning at Super Bowl XLVI. CBS broadcast the game in the U.S., and charged an average of $4 million for a 30-second commercial during the game, the highest rate for any Super Bowl. According to Nielsen, Super Bowl XLVII was viewed by an estimated average of 108.69 million people in the United States, with a record 164.1 million tuning into at least six minutes of the game. Beyoncé performed in the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, which featured a reunion with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "263119", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIV\"\nalong with WLHK, WFNI and WWL, with the teams' other network radio affiliates instead airing the Westwood One feed. Barenaked Ladies played the Super Bowl Saturday Night event with O.A.R. and Robert Randolph and the Family Band. Chris Daughtry, Steve Winwood and Queen Latifah performed during the Super Bowl pre-game tailgate party, which started at 2 p.m. Carrie Underwood sang the National Anthem and Queen Latifah sang \"\"America the Beautiful.\"\" Underwood's selection marks the third straight year that an alumnus of \"\"American Idol\"\" has been chosen to perform \"\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\", joining Jordin Sparks at Super Bowl XLII and Jennifer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16774791", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI halftime show\"\nperform by the NFL, she had declined since she did not believe she was suitable for the halftime show. The NFL explained they had not signed any musician and were still in discussions with several artists. In the meantime singer Lady Gaga announced that she would be releasing her fifth studio album, \"\"Joanne\"\", in October 2016. \"\"Billboard\"\" reported that the NFL was is discussions with the singer, because of her performance of the national anthem at the previous Super Bowl. On September 29, 2016, Gaga confirmed on her Instagram account that she would be performing at the halftime show. Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nSuper Bowl XLVI halftime show The Super Bowl XLVI halftime show took place on February 5, 2012 at the Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana as part of Super Bowl XLVI. It featured Madonna and guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and CeeLo Green. In 2011, the National Football League (NFL) announced that Madonna would perform at the Super Bowl XLVI show. The singer collaborated with Cirque du Soleil for the show, where her longtime choreographer Jamie King was music director; King, in turn, enlisted the multimedia-show producer Moment Factory. Madonna performed four songs, beginning with \"\"Vogue\"\" in a Roman-Egyptian setting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076614", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nfor the game. This ceremony continued a ten-year tradition (starting with Super Bowl XX and then repeated in Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XL) in which past Super Bowl MVPs were honored before the game. Lady Gaga (accompanied by Alex Smith on piano) sang the national anthem, while Marlee Matlin simultaneously performed an American Sign Language (ASL) version of it. Matlin also signed an a cappella version of \"\"America the Beautiful\"\", which was sung by a U.S. Armed Forces chorus. In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that \"\"multiple acts\"\" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7043088", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLV\"\nBoom Pow\"\", \"\"Pump It\"\", \"\"The Time (Dirty Bit)\"\", \"\"Let's Get It Started\"\", and \"\"Where Is the Love?\"\" Slash made a guest appearance, performing \"\"Sweet Child o' Mine\"\" with Fergie, while Usher made an appearance to perform his song \"\"OMG\"\" with will.i.am. The show also displayed a long list of other performers, including Prairie View A&M University's \"\"Marching Storm\"\" Band. Country music was originally in the planning until the Black Eyed Peas agreed to perform. After the first three drives of the game ended with punts, Green Bay opened up the scoring with Aaron Rodgers's 29-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7043086", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLV\"\nplaintiffs were awarded between $5,600 and $22,000 depending on the value of their tickets. Keith Urban and Maroon 5 performed during the pregame. The Texas Christian University Horned Frog Marching Band also performed during the pregame show. 22-year-old Candice Villesca of Lewisville, Texas performed the national anthem and \"\"America the Beautiful\"\" in American Sign Language. Lea Michele performed \"\"America the Beautiful\"\" supported by the Air Force Tops in Blue. Pop singer Christina Aguilera sang the national anthem, but performed the wrong lyrics for the fourth line of the song, later issuing an apology. The coin toss ceremony was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021347", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII halftime show\"\ncreated on Change.org to have the song \"\"Sweet Victory\"\" from the Nickelodeon show \"\"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\" played at the Super Bowl in honor of the show's late creator, Stephen Hillenburg. Within a week, the petition gained over 820,000 signatures in only five days. Producer Bob Kulick, who worked on the song, retweeted the petition on December 1, 2018. On Dec 12 2018, the Mercedes-Benz Stadium Twitter account posted a tweet on Sweet Victory, included in the Spongebob Squarepants episode “Band Geeks”, indicating that it may be played. Super Bowl LIII halftime show The Super Bowl LIII Halftime Show (officially known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7427856", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVI halftime show\"\nstage. The modular structure was assembled from a truck, with a large white fabric in front as media screens for Moment Factory. Projection mapping was used by video-hardware manufacturer Barco, with films modified for the spectators and the television audience. The stadium was equipped with Sharpys lighting arrangements from Clay Paky, and the show used Sennheiser sound equipment. Madonna was not paid for performing at the halftime show, which provides global exposure for an artist. The show was a success, setting a Super Bowl halftime-show record of 114 million viewers (higher than the viewership of the game itself). Keith Caulfield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_766	who hosted they think it's all over?	n/a	[ "Nick Hancock", "Des Lynam", "comedian Nick Hancock", "Lee Mack" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4927922", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Hancock\"\nNick Hancock Nick Hancock (born 25 October 1962, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is an English actor and television presenter. He hosted the sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" for 10 years. He also formerly presented \"\"Room 101\"\" (1994–1999) on TV, as well as its earlier radio version (1992–1994). Taking a sabbatical from show business, from 2005 he began working for a friend's mortgage brokerage. He left the position in February 2007, although no reason for his departure was made public. Hancock grew up with three elder sisters, with father Ken, a builder. He was educated at Yarlet School in Staffordshire and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10143106", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over (TV series)\"\nand Phill Jupitus. Despite regularly admitting to having limited sporting knowledge, Ross became the permanent panellist until leaving the show in 2006, and was replaced by Sean Lock for the World Cup and summer sports special editions. The third member of each team varied from week to week, and would typically be a notable sportsperson, broadcaster or comedian. The show was originally produced for BBC Radio 5, where it was hosted by Des Lynam. The devisers, Simon Bullivant and Bill Matthews, started work on a TV version in 1993 but it was two years before it made it to air.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6495020", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over (TV series)\"\nThey Think It's All Over (TV series) They Think It's All Over is a British comedy panel game with a sporting theme produced by Talkback and shown on BBC1. The show's name is taken from Kenneth Wolstenholme's famous 1966 World Cup commentary quotation, \"\"they think it's all over...it is now!\"\" and the show used the phrase to sign off each episode. In 2006 the show was axed after 11 years on air. The show was originally presented by comedian Nick Hancock. Ex-England football team captain Gary Lineker and ex-England cricket team captain David Gower were team captains from 1995 until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10759782", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over (TV series)\"\nSharron Davies, Linford Christie and Michael Johnson also appeared in this role. Additionally, Ian Wright was a guest captain before becoming a permanent team captain. Each team also had a regular panellist. For the team which was originally captained by Gary Lineker this was Rory McGrath for the show's entire run. David Gower was originally teamed up with Lee Hurst. Hurst left the show in 1997 (although he made a reappearance in 2004 on David Seaman's team) and was replaced for the next two series by a rotating line-up of comedians – Jonathan Ross, Jo Brand, Alan Davies, Julian Clary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6495021", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over (TV series)\"\nthey announced their retirement from the show in 2003. They were replaced as team captains by ex-England football goalkeeper David Seaman and ex-England cricketer Phil Tufnell. Former footballer Ian Wright took over from David Seaman in autumn 2004. From October 2005, Boris Becker replaced Tufnell and Lee Mack took over from Hancock as host. Occasionally, a team captain was unable to appear on the show due to other commitments so guest captains were drafted in. Six times World Snooker Champion Steve Davis was a regular choice as guest captain, while Matthew Pinsent, Mark Lawrenson, Mick McCarthy, Sam Torrance, Steve Backley,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10500981", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Hancock\"\ncricket fan. He was interviewed by 6 Towns Radio about the 40th anniversary of Stoke's 1972 League Cup win. He lives with his wife and their two children in Shrewsbury. Hancock recorded an hour-long compilation video release of footballing bloopers, dubbed \"\"Football Nightmares\"\". This was released on VHS which was succeeded by two follow-up videos: \"\"Football Hell\"\" and \"\"Football Doctor\"\". These three were later released on a one-disc DVD. Nick Hancock Nick Hancock (born 25 October 1962, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is an English actor and television presenter. He hosted the sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" for 10 years. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983722", "chunk_text": "\"They think it's all over\"\nThey think it's all over \"\"They think it's all over\"\" is a quote from Kenneth Wolstenholme's BBC TV commentary in the closing moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, when England beat West Germany 4–2 after extra time to win the FIFA World Cup. In the final few seconds of the match, Wolstenholme said: Soon after the 1966 victory, Wolstenholme's quote became a widely used expression. The phrase, along with other calls from English football matches, appears in New Order's song \"\"World In Motion\"\", although in that case Wolstenholme re-recorded it with the slightly different words \"\"Well, some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983724", "chunk_text": "\"They think it's all over\"\nthe last words that the character Cooper says are, \"\"You think it's all over? It is now.\"\" The quotation was also used as the title of the BBC's satirical sports quiz show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\", which appeared on BBC One from 1995 to 2006. The show has heightened the popularity of the phrase in recent years, though Kenneth Wolstenholme was reportedly unhappy with the use of the phrase for the title of the show. An alternative mix for The Beatles song \"\"Glass Onion\"\", which appeared on \"\"Anthology 3\"\", contained a portion of Kenneth Wolstenholme's commentary. At the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10500982", "chunk_text": "\"Rory McGrath\"\nRory McGrath Patrick Rory McGrath (born 17 March 1956), known as Rory McGrath, is a British comedian, television personality, and writer. He came to prominence in the comedy show \"\"Who Dares Wins\"\" and was for many years a team captain on the game show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\". He acted in the sitcom \"\"Chelmsford 123\"\" and appeared in the ITV reality show \"\"Sugar Free Farm\"\". McGrath was born in Redruth, Cornwall, England. He studied at Redruth Grammar School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, from which he received a lower second class degree in modern languages. McGrath became a member of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691755", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nThey Think It's All Over... It Is Now They Think It's All Over... It Is Now is the third live album by English hard rock band Thunder. Recorded on 4 May 2000 at Dingwalls in London, the last date of the band's UK Farewell Tour, it was produced by the band's guitarists Luke Morley and Ben Matthews, both of whom also mixed it. The album was initially released on 10 July 2000 as the band's first release on Papillon Records. It was later issued in Europe by Repertoire Records on 27 November 2000. Thunder announced in November 1999 that they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691761", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nreleased on 14 May 2001, and on 28 September 2005 both albums were reissued by STC Recordings. They Think It's All Over... It Is Now They Think It's All Over... It Is Now is the third live album by English hard rock band Thunder. Recorded on 4 May 2000 at Dingwalls in London, the last date of the band's UK Farewell Tour, it was produced by the band's guitarists Luke Morley and Ben Matthews, both of whom also mixed it. The album was initially released on 10 July 2000 as the band's first release on Papillon Records. It was later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4927956", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Ross\"\nJonathan Ross Jonathan Stephen Ross (born 17 November 1960) is an English television and radio presenter, film critic, actor and comedian best known for presenting the BBC One chat show \"\"Friday Night with Jonathan Ross\"\" during the 2000s. Ross also hosted his own radio show on BBC Radio 2, and acted as a film critic and presenter of the \"\"Film\"\" programme. After leaving the BBC, Ross then began hosting a new chat show on ITV, \"\"The Jonathan Ross Show\"\". Other regular roles have included being a regular panellist on the comedy sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" and being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983723", "chunk_text": "\"They think it's all over\"\nthe crowd are on the pitch. They think it's all over. Well it is now\"\". The British band The Dentists called their first album \"\"Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now\"\" in Wolstenholme's honour; the LP begins with a sample of Wolstenholme's original commentary. Track #3 on British folk metal act Skyclad's EP \"\"Jig-a-Jig\"\" is called \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\". The song contains the phrase \"\"They think it's all over. Well is it now?\"\" in its chorus and includes several references to the 1966 FIFA World Cup. In Neil Marshall's \"\"Dog Soldiers\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10759784", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over (TV series)\"\nDes Lynam did record a pilot in early 1994 but decided not to do the already commissioned series, which was then put on hold. In 1999 and 2001, as part of the BBC's Comic Relief broadcasts, one-off special programmes were made called \"\"Have I Got Buzzcocks All Over\"\". They combined elements of the show with \"\"Have I Got News for You\"\" and \"\"Never Mind the Buzzcocks\"\", with Angus Deayton as host. Kenneth Wolstenholme was unhappy with the use of the phrase for the title of the show. He wrote in his autobiography that he had contacted the BBC to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16564416", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Petrie\"\nEd Petrie Edward Oliver James \"\"Ed\"\" Petrie (born 22 August 1978) is an English actor, comedian, and television presenter. Petrie was born and raised in Rustington, West Sussex. He was educated at Broadwater Manor in Worthing, West Sussex, and the independent school Ardingly College in Ardingly, West Sussex. Previous presenting work includes hosting various children's programmes, on Nickelodeon, from January 2005 until September 2007, including \"\"Slime Across the UK\"\" and \"\"The Crunch\"\". In 2002, Ed Petrie was a researcher for the BBC programme, \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" and, in 2005, was a comedy sketch writer for BBC Radio 1's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "343362", "chunk_text": "\"Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now\"\nreceived acclaim from critic Stuart Mason, also from Allmusic, who labeled the track a \"\"neo-freakbeat masterpiece\"\". Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now is the debut studio album by English rock band The Dentists, released in 1985 by the record label Spruck. The title is a reference to the famous BBC TV commentary made during the closing moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final. In musical terms, the album's sound is influenced by then contemporary alternative rock while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4192390", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Wolstenholme\"\nKenneth Wolstenholme Kenneth Wolstenholme, DFC & Bar (17 July 1920 – 25 March 2002) was an English football commentator for BBC television in the 1950s and 1960s. In the final moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup, he said \"\"some people are on the pitch...they think it's all over...it is now!\"\" as Geoff Hurst scored England's fourth goal. The phrase became part of British popular culture. Wolstenholme was born in Worsley, Lancashire. His family were Primitive Methodists and his brother attended Elmfield College. He attended Farnworth Grammar School, where Alan Ball, Jr. (on whom Wolstenholme commentated in the 1966 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983725", "chunk_text": "\"They think it's all over\"\nof the track he can be heard shouting \"\"It's a goal!\"\" repeating for several seconds until the track fades. On the television show \"\"That Mitchell and Webb Look\"\" in a sketch about cricket the commentator says, \"\"They're bringing urns and sandwiches onto the pitch. They think it's tea! It is now!\"\". In the Discworld book \"\"Unseen Academicals\"\" the book has two false endings, each followed by \"\"You think it's all over?\"\" and at the actual end \"\"It is Now!\"\" BBC parodist Dave Henson used the line to refer to the 1966 winning team during his parody of \"\"I'll Be Missing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065273", "chunk_text": "\"I Can't Believe That It's All Over\"\nI Can't Believe That It's All Over \"\"I Can't Believe That It's All Over\"\" is a song written by Ben Peters and recorded and released as a single by American country artist, Skeeter Davis. The song was recorded at the RCA Victor Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States on March 9, 1973. The session was produced by Ronny Light. The song was released as a single in May 1973, reaching the number twelve \"\"Billboard Magazine\"\" Hot Country Singles chart. It was Davis' first major hit in three years on the country chart. It would also be her final major hit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2572940", "chunk_text": "\"David Gower\"\na new career as a cricket broadcaster and television personality, including being one of the team captains on the popular BBC comedy sports quiz, \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" from 1995 to 2003. He also presented four series of the BBC2 cricket magazine show, \"\"Gower's Cricket Monthly\"\" from 1995–1998 and, at the same time was one of the BBC's main cricket commentators. Gower also spent time commentating on several cricket series in Australia in the 1990s. His commentary for Channel Nine, with his trademark relaxed calls of play and generous attitude to the players and fellow commentators, proved extremely popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691760", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nto end, although we did record the audio and the audience was great, as usual.\"\" \"\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\" was released on 10 July 2000 by Papillon Records as a limited edition numbered double CD set. It was released later in Europe by Repertoire Records, on 27 November 2000. The album debuted at number 108 on the UK Albums Chart and number 7 on the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart. Another album recorded at the same show, \"\"They Think It's All Acoustic... It Is Now\"\" (featuring all but one song from the acoustic set), was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18009604", "chunk_text": "\"Steffen Freund\"\nHe then started working with the new generation of U-16 players. On 11 July 2012, Freund was appointed assistant head coach of Tottenham Hotspur.On 5 August 2014 he was appointed International Technical Coordinator. On the 21st of April 2017, while on Sky Sports, Freund stated that he was not interested in getting back into coaching. He instead was enjoying the freedom from pressure which he was experiencing as a pundit. In 2006, he appeared alongside Boris Becker in a special England v. Germany edition of the popular panel show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\". At the start of the 2011–12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14846373", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Lineker\"\ncoverage, including their flagship football television programme \"\"Match of the Day\"\", and as a team captain on the sports game show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" from 1995 to 2003. Following the departure of Steve Rider from the BBC, Lineker, who is a keen recreational golfer with a handicap of four, became the new presenter for the BBC's golf coverage. Also, he presented \"\"Grandstand\"\" in the London studio while then-presenter Desmond Lynam was in Aintree when the Grand National was abandoned because of a bomb alert at the racecourse in 1997. Despite receiving some criticism from his peers, he continued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13499444", "chunk_text": "\"Dionne Warwick\"\nsong \"\"It's All Over\"\" with former member of Modern Talking Dieter Bohlen (Blue System). The single peaked at #60 (#33 airplay) on the German pop charts and it was covered on Blue System's album \"\"Déjà Vu\"\". In 1993, Forrest Sawyer, host of the ABC News/Entertainment program \"\"Day One\"\", alleged financial improprieties by the Warwick Foundation, founded in 1989 to benefit AIDS patients, and particularly Warwick's charity concert performances organized to benefit the organization. ABC alleged the Foundation was operating at a near 90% administrative cost. ABC alleged that Warwick flew first class and was accommodated at first-class hotels for charity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7670360", "chunk_text": "\"Act Your Age (radio series)\"\nsaying, \"\"some sections are genuinely impressive and hilarious, and how the regulars keep coming up with more and more material is awe-inspiring.\"\" Act Your Age (radio series) Act Your Age is a panel game on BBC Radio 4 hosted by Simon Mayo. The series, created by Ashley Blaker (the original radio producer of Little Britain) and Bill Matthews (co-deviser of They Think It's All Over), was first broadcast on 27 November 2008. The show features three teams of stand-up comedians from different generations: \"\"The Up-And-Comers\"\", featuring younger comedians, captained by Jon Richardson; \"\"The Current Crop\"\", featuring comedians popular at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6994199", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Hurst\"\nThompson gave Hurst the opportunity to appear on the show as a guest. Hurst first became known to television viewers as a regular team member on the BBC Two comedy sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\". He appeared alongside David Gower in 42 episodes over the first six series, from the first episode on 14 September 1995 until 1998. He reduced his TV appearances to allow more time for running his comedy club, Lee Hurst's Backyard Comedy Club. He has returned for two appearances as a guest on \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" towards the end of its run", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18194772", "chunk_text": "\"World in Motion\"\nhits, \"\"True Faith\"\". The single was released in May 1990, with the catalogue number FAC 293. It was New Order's last release on Factory Records. The \"\"They think it's all over\"\" quotation, uttered by football commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme at the end of the 1966 World Cup Final, between England and West Germany, is utilised at the beginning and end of the track (though not the original; Wolstenholme re-recorded the phrase specially for the producers), and somewhat less known samples, such as \"\"A beauty scored by Bobby Charlton\"\" and \"\"We Want Goals\"\", are taken from \"\"Goal!\"\", the official documentary film of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6994197", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Hurst\"\nLee Hurst Lee Hurst (born 16 October 1962) is an English comedian. Hurst was a regular panellist on the comedy sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" from 1995 to 1998. He is a fervent supporter of Brexit and an outspoken critic of Islam. In 2003, he was considering standing as a candidate in the 2004 London mayoral election. One of the factors behind his decision was a proposed redevelopment, which would have seen his comedy club demolished. Hurst has a severe form of arthritis called ankylosing spondylitis, a condition which causes acute back and joint pain. Hurst took up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2983726", "chunk_text": "\"They think it's all over\"\nYou\"\" by Puff Daddy and the Family/The Police. The video game \"\"Kinect Sports\"\", which has football as one of the six sports represented, has two achievements that refer to the quote: \"\"They Think It's All Over...\"\" is awarded when the players wins their first football match, and \"\"...It Is Now!\"\" is obtained when the player wins with a goal scored in the final 10 seconds. The Xbox Live Arcade version of \"\"Sensible World of Soccer\"\" also has an achievement named \"\"It Is Now\"\", for a victory goal scored in the final minute of play. They think it's all over \"\"They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "343360", "chunk_text": "\"Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now\"\nSome People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now Some People Are on the Pitch They Think It's All Over It Is Now is the debut studio album by English rock band The Dentists, released in 1985 by the record label Spruck. The title is a reference to the famous BBC TV commentary made during the closing moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final. In musical terms, the album's sound is influenced by then contemporary alternative rock while also being strongly reminiscent of experimental pop music of the 1960s from the likes of Joe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4192398", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Wolstenholme\"\nof an Era\"\" video which was released as part of Bolton's move from Burnden Park to the Reebok Stadium. Kenneth Wolstenholme Kenneth Wolstenholme, DFC & Bar (17 July 1920 – 25 March 2002) was an English football commentator for BBC television in the 1950s and 1960s. In the final moments of the 1966 FIFA World Cup, he said \"\"some people are on the pitch...they think it's all over...it is now!\"\" as Geoff Hurst scored England's fourth goal. The phrase became part of British popular culture. Wolstenholme was born in Worsley, Lancashire. His family were Primitive Methodists and his brother attended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691759", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nfarewell tour, beginning with a run of UK shows wrapping up on 11 December at The Forum in London. A Japanese leg of the tour followed in March 2000, before the band played one final UK show at Dingwalls in London. The show featured two sets – one acoustic and one electric – both of which were filmed for an intended video release, however technical problems prevented the film from being made. Recalling the show in 2016, Bowes complained that \"\"All kinds of bullshit went on. The sound was dreadful and we all hated it. It wasn't a great way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8070601", "chunk_text": "Shrewsbury\nat Shrewsbury Abbey. Classicist Mary Beard was educated in Shrewsbury and her father was a prominent Shrewsbury architects. In the early years of the 18th century, the Irish dramatist George Farquhar resided in the town while acting as a recruiting officer for the Army. He drew on this experience in writing the comedy The Recruiting Officer. The romantic novelist Mary Webb lived in and around Shrewsbury and was buried there upon her death. Other actors with associations with the town include Nick Hancock, presenter of \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\", who, like Palin, was educated at Shrewsbury School. Actor Jason", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10143108", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over (TV series)\"\nout what relevance the title had to his most famous line, uttered 30 years earlier. However, when the show was first commissioned, he did accept a fee to re-record his famous commentary for the opening titles, as the original was unusable. Throughout the series, the rounds varied each week. Examples include: All episodes ending with a tie score or series ending with the number of episodes tied finish with a tie-breaker. Sometimes, the tie-breaker refers to incidents from previously in the episode. These have included: They Think It's All Over (TV series) They Think It's All Over is a British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8101969", "chunk_text": "\"Jig-a-Jig (EP)\"\nJig-a-Jig (EP) Jig-a-Jig is British folk metal group Skyclad's third limited edition EP. According to the band's official website it will be sold through the band's website and at gigs only. This EP features Skyclad's cover version of \"\"Jig-a-Jig\"\" by East of Eden and three tracks from the \"\"A Semblance of Normality\"\" recording sessions, originally planned for a single in 2004/2005 that was never released. The title of track #3, \"\"They think it's all over\"\", is a well known quotation popular in England. It is taken from Kenneth Wolstenholme's BBC TV commentary in the closing moments of the 1966 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6158431", "chunk_text": "\"Act Your Age (radio series)\"\nAct Your Age (radio series) Act Your Age is a panel game on BBC Radio 4 hosted by Simon Mayo. The series, created by Ashley Blaker (the original radio producer of Little Britain) and Bill Matthews (co-deviser of They Think It's All Over), was first broadcast on 27 November 2008. The show features three teams of stand-up comedians from different generations: \"\"The Up-And-Comers\"\", featuring younger comedians, captained by Jon Richardson; \"\"The Current Crop\"\", featuring comedians popular at the moment, captained by Lucy Porter; and \"\"The Old Guard\"\", featuring older, veteran comics, captained by Roy Walker, (although in the second series,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691758", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nbut to cut a long story short, we feel we have no choice. We must stress that this decision is due to outside business forces and not down to any personal or musical differences within the band.\"\" Speaking later about the band's breakup, vocalist Danny Bowes explained that \"\"I felt by late 1999 that we couldn't compete, and I was very fed up\"\", adding that \"\"Basically, I'd had enough\"\". Both Bowes and guitarist Luke Morley expressed frustration with the band's frequent change of record labels, including their latest label Eagle Records. Starting the following month, the band completed an official", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4192396", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Wolstenholme\"\nRovers\"\" as football commentator Frank Lee Brian. In 1998, Wolstenholme made a special appearance in EA Sports' videogame \"\"World Cup 98\"\", as the sole commentator on the game's classic World Cup matches, recreations of historic World Cup finals that included sepia-toned renditions of the 1930 and 1938 editions. His phrase was used as the title for the sports quiz programme \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\", on which he once appeared as a guest. Bill Oddie wrote a song about Wolstenholme for the BBC Radio comedy show \"\"I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again\"\" which includes the lines: \"\"I'm going Wolsten-home/And you", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691757", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nsecond album recorded at the same show was released on 14 May 2001 – \"\"They Think It's All Acoustic... It Is Now\"\" features all but one of the recordings from the acoustic set (only the performance of \"\"New York, New York\"\" is excluded). Both albums were reissued in the UK by STC Recordings on 28 September 2005. On 5 November 1999, Thunder released a statement which revealed that they had decided to break up. The announcement explained that \"\"After a great deal of exploration, discussion and soul searching, we have decided to split up. The reasons are many and complex,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6590295", "chunk_text": "\"Royal Shrovetide Football\"\nthe pluck of an Englishman.</poem> The event is often attended by reporters and documentary makers from several European countries, along with those from the USA and Japan. Appearances on UK television include \"\"Blue Peter\"\", where the presenters experienced the game for themselves, and gameshow \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\", where it was featured as the \"\"Unusual Sport\"\" and later in the show some local Down'Ards appeared on the \"\"Feel the Sportsman\"\" round. The 2006 game was attended by a Los Angeles film company acquiring footage for a documentary titled \"\"Wild In The Streets\"\", produced and co-directed by Peter Baxter and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14533079", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dickson (announcer)\"\n\"\"Family Fortunes\"\" starring Les Dennis, and Patrick Kielty's Channel 4's \"\"Last Chance Lottery Live\"\". He provided the commentaries for the world record attempts on Sky 1's \"\"Guinness World Records Smashed\"\" in 2009. He has also contributed to 11 series of the award-winning BBC One panel game \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" presented by Nick Hancock, \"\"Catchphrase\"\", \"\"TV's Naughtiest Blunders\"\" and \"\"Safe\"\" for ITV and the cult animation series \"\"Monkey Dust\"\" for BBC in which he famously played himself. His other TV credits include \"\"Never Mind The Buzzcocks\"\", roles in \"\"Holby City\"\", \"\"Noel's House Party\"\" and \"\"Live & Kicking\"\", \"\"The 10%'ers\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691756", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\nwere due to split up, following one last concert tour. The band's final show before disbanding took place on 4 May 2000 at Dingwalls in London, featuring an opening acoustic set followed by a regular \"\"electric\"\" set. \"\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\" features eleven of the fifteen electric songs and eight of the twelve acoustic songs. The album was the first release by Thunder following the band's breakup. \"\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\" registered at number 108 on the UK Albums Chart and number 7 on the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3680452", "chunk_text": "\"Kenneth Wolstenholme\"\nat the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final at Wembley Stadium are among the famous words in British sport commentary. With England leading 3-2 against West Germany, a small pitch invasion took place during injury time just as Geoff Hurst scored to put England 4–2 ahead. The events prompted Wolstenholme to say: Since 1966, the phrase \"\"they think it's all over\"\" has become very well known in modern English. Although unrehearsed, and spoken in the particular circumstances of the game, the words echoed to an extent those of German commentator Herbert Zimmermann - \"\"It's over! Over! Over! Germany are the World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3993232", "chunk_text": "\"They Think It's All Acoustic... It Is Now\"\nof bullshit went on. The sound was dreadful and we all hated it. It wasn't a great way to end, although we did record the audio and the audience was great, as usual.\"\" \"\"They Think It's All Acoustic... It Is Now\"\" was released on 14 May 2001 by Papillon Records as a limited edition single CD set. It was released later in Japan by Victor Entertainment, on 27 May 2003. Another album recorded at the same show, \"\"They Think It's All Over... It Is Now\"\" (featuring eleven of the fifteen electric songs and eight of the twelve acoustic songs), was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3332862", "chunk_text": "\"Lee Mack\"\nLee Mack Lee Gordon McKillop (born 4 August 1968), known as Lee Mack, is an English comedian and actor best known for writing and starring in the sitcom \"\"Not Going Out.\"\" He is also known for being a team captain on the BBC One comedy panel show \"\"Would I Lie to You?\"\", hosting the Sky One panel show \"\"Duck Quacks Don't Echo\"\" and for presenting the panel show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\". He has been guest host on \"\"Have I Got News for You\"\" and \"\"Never Mind the Buzzcocks\"\", guest captain on \"\"8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4927969", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Ross\"\nhe was quitting his regular panellist seat on the sport/comedy quiz show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" explaining: \"\"I need time now to focus on my other commitments and so regrettably I won't be back for the 20th series.\"\" After Ross's departure, only two more episodes of the show were made before it was cancelled. In January 2006 he presented \"\"Jonathan Ross' Asian Invasion\"\", broadcast on BBC Four. The three-part documentary followed Ross as he explored the film industry in Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea, interviewing directors and showcasing clips. His interest in East Asian culture and his self-confessed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19316303", "chunk_text": "\"It's All Over Now\"\nIt's All Over Now \"\"It's All Over Now\"\" is a song written by Bobby Womack and Shirley Womack. It was first released by The Valentinos featuring Bobby Womack. The Valentinos version entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on June 27, 1964, where it stayed on the chart for two weeks, peaking at number 94. The Rolling Stones had their first number-one hit with this song in July 1964. The Valentinos' original version of the song was played to the Rolling Stones during their first North American tour in June 1964 by New York radio DJ Murray the K. Murray the K", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4927936", "chunk_text": "\"Rory McGrath\"\nindependent British TV production company Hat Trick Productions. An early production was \"\"Chelmsford 123\"\" (1988 and 1990), which McGrath and Mulville wrote and performed. In 1990, he hosted the game show \"\"Trivial Pursuit\"\" on BBC One, but in 1992 he was dismissed from Hat Trick, allegedly for not pulling his weight. The confrontation came days after McGrath had left his wife and two young children. He was a panel member on the BBC comedy sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" (1995–2006). He was presenter of the series \"\"Rory's Commercial Breakdown\"\" (1997), where humorous adverts were shown from different countries.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7720824", "chunk_text": "\"Jaime Halsey\"\nin Russia. Two years before the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, a 30-year-old Moore announced her retirement from gymnastics in order to concentrate on coaching. In the early 1990s, Moore appeared in an episode of the British game show \"\"You Bet!\"\" in which the celebrity contestants had to predict whether or not the gymnast could perform a certain number of somersaults in an allotted timeframe. In November 2000, Moore appeared on BBC One comedy sports quiz \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" as a mystery guest in the Feel the Sportsman round. Moore married Steve Halsey in 2009. They have four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7742716", "chunk_text": "Stoke-on-Trent\n\"\"Black Hawk Down\"\", Freddie Jones, Alan Lake (widower of Diana Dors), Adrian Rawlins, Hanley Stafford (American radio actor, born Alfred John Austin in Hanley), Jonathan Wilkes and Neil Morrissey, star of \"\"Men Behaving Badly\"\". Hollyoaks actress Rachel Shenton is also from the area. Paul Bown Comedy actor was born in Fenton. Several nationally recognised TV presenters have been born in the area including Frank Bough, who presented \"\"Nationwide\"\" and \"\"Breakfast Time\"\"; Anthea Turner from \"\"Blue Peter\"\"; and Nick Hancock, who chaired the comedy quiz show \"\"They Think It's All Over\"\" and was host on \"\"Room 101.\"\" Bruno Brookes, the former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_767	where does the movie proof of life take place?	n/a	[ "The Republic of Tecala" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799724", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nThe film stars Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe. During production, the two lead actors had a romantic affair. At the time, Ryan was married to Dennis Quaid, but the two divorced in 2001. The film garnered much reportage in the tabloid press in association with the lead actors' affair. The film is dedicated to Will Gaffney, an actor who was David Morse's stand-in. He was killed in an on-set accident during a scene in which Morse was not available, due to a family illness. Alice Bowman (Meg Ryan) moves to the (fictional) South American country of Tecala because her engineer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799731", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nColombia's second largest guerrilla group is the Ejército de Liberación Nacional or ELN. Control Risks, a risk consulting firm, was hired to provide security for the cast and crew while filming on location. The firm also served as inspiration for kidnap and ransom consulting seen in the film. The movie end credit and post-script says: \"\"Inspired by the VANITY FAIR article 'Adventures in the Ransom Trade' by William Prochnau and by the book \"\"Long March to Freedom\"\" by Thomas Hargrove. The Republic of Tecala, where most of \"\"Proof of Life\"\" is set, is a fictional South American country. Tecala has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799732", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nlong been the scene of an internal conflict between its government forces and the Liberation Army of Tecala (ELT). The ELT was originally a Marxist guerrilla group supported by the Soviet Union, but after the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, the ELT's primary source of funding fell through, and they began kidnapping people for ransom to fund their operations. A map seen in the film is that of Ecuador. The country's capital Quito was chosen along with the eastern jungle and the nearby city of Baños de Agua Santa in the Ecuadorian Andes. The film opened in wide release in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799725", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nhusband, Peter Bowman (David Morse), has been hired to help build a new dam for oil company Quad Carbon. While driving one morning through the city, Peter is caught in traffic and then ambushed and abducted by guerrilla rebels of the Liberation Army of Tecala (ELT). Believing that Peter is working on Quad Carbon's oil pipeline, ELT soldiers lead him through the jungle. Terry Thorne (Russell Crowe), a former member of the British Special Air Service, arrives in Tecala fresh from a successful hostage rescue in Chechnya. As an expert negotiator in kidnapping-and-ransom cases, he is assigned by his company,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799730", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nbefore the latter departs with Peter on an immediate flight to the U.S. Although the producers wanted to film in Colombia, due to the dangers that guerrillas posed in that country at the time, the movie was mainly filmed in Ecuador. The large piles of money used to pay for the rescue were sucres, the Ecuadorian national currency at the time of the filming. Tecala's geographic and urban appearance and its political characteristics were based loosely on a mix of several Andean countries. The ELT's characterization appears to be primarily based on the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Coincidentally,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799723", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nProof of Life Proof of Life is a 2000 American action thriller film directed and produced by Taylor Hackford. The title refers to a phrase commonly used to indicate proof that a kidnap victim is still alive. The film's screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, who also was a co-executive producer, and was inspired by William Prochnau's \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" magazine article \"\"Adventures in the Ransom Trade\"\", and Thomas Hargrove's book \"\"The Long March to Freedom\"\" in which Hargrove recounts how his release was negotiated by Thomas Clayton, who went on to be the founder of kidnap-for-ransom consultancy Clayton Consultants, Inc.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7150031", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life (The Bill)\"\nwith undercover officer Terry and an undercover German police officer. On arrival in Germany on a former Russian air field, Victor Hauptmann, the kidnapper, shoots one of his men, believing him to be an undercover officer, telling the police in London that he has killed their undercover officer bringing DCI Jack Meadows, DC Mickey Webb and DC Kezia Walker over to Leipzig along with German officers Zimmermann and Trautzschke to investigate and bring Terry back to London. The kidnappers arrive at an old GDR secret police HQ, where they carry out their plans and are succeeding in their hostage plans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13708266", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nLuthan Risk, to bargain for Peter's safe return. Unfortunately, it is learned that Quad Carbon is on the verge of bankruptcy and takeover, and therefore has no insurance coverage for kidnapping, so they cannot afford Thorne's services. Despite Alice's pleas to stay, Thorne leaves the country. Alice is then assigned a corrupt local hostage negotiator, who immediately urges her to pay the ELT's first ransom demand: a $50,000 \"\"good faith\"\" payment. Not knowing what to do, Alice agrees, but the transaction is stopped by Thorne who (due to his conscience) has returned to help. He is aided by Dino (David", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799729", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nthe ELT will no longer negotiate. At Thorne's urging, Alice and Kessler convince the Tecala government that the ELT is mounting an attack on the pipeline being built through their territory. This forces the government army to mobilize, thus forcing a bulk of the camp's ELT troops to mobilize for a counter-attack. Thorne, Dino, and several associates are then inserted by helicopter and raid the weakened ELT base. They overcome the camp's soldiers, free Peter and another hostage, and then fly back to the city, where Alice happily reunites with her husband. Thorne and Alice share a final intimate moment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13708268", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nduring their attempt they are quickly tracked by the ELT. Kessler falls into a river after being shot in the shoulder and manages to escape, but Peter steps on a trap and is recaptured. Kessler is found and hospitalized. Thorne's ELT contact subsequently refuses to respond to his calls. Luckily, one of Alice's young maids recognized his voice over the radio and reveals he is a government official. Thorne goes to a parade ceremony and confronts the contact; he confirms that Peter is alive, but because of the ELT's escalating war with the government and Peter's knowledge of the terrain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10799733", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nthe United States on December 8, 2000 for 2,705 screens. The opening weekend's gross was $10,207,869 and the total receipts for the U.S. run were $32,598,931. The international box-office receipts were $30,162,074, for total receipts of $62,761,005. The film was in wide release in the U.S. for twelve weeks (eighty days). In its widest release, the film was featured in 2,705 theaters across the country. Stephen Holden, film critic for \"\"The New York Times\"\", did not think the film worked well and opined that the actors did not connect. He wrote, \"\"[the film displays] a gaping lack of emotional connection", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13708267", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life\"\nCaruso), a competing negotiator and ex–Green Beret. Over the next few months, Thorne uses a radio to speak with an ELT contact, and the two argue over terms for Peter's release—including a ransom payment that Alice can afford. Thorne and Alice bond through the ordeal, and become intimate. They eventually negotiate a sum of $650,000. Meanwhile, Peter has become a prisoner at the ELT's jungle base camp. There, he befriends another hostage named Kessler (Gottfried John)—a missionary and former member of the French Foreign Legion—who has lived in the camp for nineteen months. The two concoct an escape plan, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16493786", "chunk_text": "\"Body of Proof\"\nHunt was a top-flight neurosurgeon, until she had a life-changing automobile accident and then accidentally killed a patient on the operating table. This resulted in her resignation, and retirement from the profession altogether. Though set in Philadelphia, the first season of \"\"Body of Proof\"\" was filmed in Providence, Rhode Island and some other locations including Woonsocket and Warwick, Rhode Island. The Medical Examiner's office is actually the GTECH HQ / Providence Warwick Visitors Bureau and surrounding buildings superimposed on the real Philadelphia skyline. The series was originally titled \"\"Body of Evidence\"\" but was later renamed \"\"Body of Proof\"\". It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15310628", "chunk_text": "\"Death Proof\"\ntitle \"\"Grindhouse\"\", to recreate the experience of viewing exploitation film double features in a \"\"grindhouse\"\" theater. The films were released separately outside the United States and on DVD, with \"\"Death Proof\"\" going on sale in the U.S. on September 18, 2007. The film was in the main competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. Three friends, Arlene, Shanna and radio DJ \"\"Jungle\"\" Julia Lucai, drive down Congress Avenue in Austin, Texas on their way to celebrate Julia's birthday. In a bar, Julia reveals that she made a radio announcement offering a free lap dance from Arlene", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4514689", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life (The Bill)\"\nProof of Life (The Bill) \"\"Proof of Life\"\" is a two-part episode of the long-running Thames Television series \"\"The Bill\"\" to celebrate its 25th birthday. It featured a major crossover with the German police drama SOKO Leipzig. \"\"\"\"Proof of Life\"\"\"\" takes place after lead-up episodes where DC Terry Perkins went undercover for a taxi firm which the police believed were dealing illegal drugs, but, in fact, they were the middlemen of a kidnapping of a German national. After the investigations in London, the German national is taken abroad via private plane to Leipzig, to the home of SOKO Leipzig, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9445677", "chunk_text": "\"Diego Trujillo\"\nDiego Trujillo Diego Trujillo Dangond (born June 30, 1960) is a Colombian film and television actor. Trujillo studied at the Gimnasio Moderno school in Bogotá, where he occasionally did theatre as a hobby. After graduating, he decided to study architecture at the Pilot University of Colombia, and worked in that profession for twelve years. In television he has had a long history and since 1993 has acted in many telenovelas. His film career began in 2000 with his work in Taylor Hackford's film \"\"Proof of Life\"\", starring Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe, in which he was cast because of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4760944", "chunk_text": "\"Life (2017 film)\"\nscreenplay, but some criticism for lack of originality. The film grossed $100 million worldwide. In the near future, the unmanned Pilgrim 7 space probe returns from Mars to Earth orbit with soil samples potentially containing evidence of extraterrestrial life. The probe is captured and its samples retrieved by the International Space Station and its six-member crew. Exobiologist Hugh Derry, who is paralyzed from the waist down, revives a dormant cell from the sample, which quickly grows into a multi-celled organism that American school children name \"\"Calvin\"\". Hugh realizes that Calvin's cells can change their specialisation, acting as muscle, sensor, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3793075", "chunk_text": "\"Proof of Life (The Bill)\"\nwhen eventually the police realise the stepfather of the kidnapped national is behind the abduction; they arrive at the GDR HQ and arrest everyone involved, freeing the German national. Once back in the UK, Terry is met by his daughter, who wishes to become a police officer, and admits to her that he thinks she should do it because he thinks it is the best job in the world. Proof of Life (The Bill) \"\"Proof of Life\"\" is a two-part episode of the long-running Thames Television series \"\"The Bill\"\" to celebrate its 25th birthday. It featured a major crossover with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5066932", "chunk_text": "Unaware\nthe yard only to bump into the same FBI agent now with his partner begging for help. Joe is knocked out by an unseen force, the camera falls to the ground and the FBI agent steps on it ending the footage. As of 2012, a cast has not been revealed. The producers have also protested speculation that the film is a mockumentary, fueling criticism towards the film. Production Was filmed in the Dfw Tx metroplex.The beginning of film is in Grand Prairie Tx According to the film's trailer and critic reviews, the film involves \"\"evidence\"\" relating to the 1947 Roswell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18422974", "chunk_text": "\"Life (1999 film)\"\nfilm grossed $73,345,029 worldwide against an $80 million budget, making it a financial disappointment. The film has received mixed to positive reviews and currently has a 50% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critic consensus reads, \"\"Entertaining if not over-the-top humor from a solid comic duo provides plenty of laughs.\"\" Even though \"\"Life\"\" was set in Jackson, Mississippi, it was filmed in California; filming locations include Brentwood, CA, Locke, CA, Los Angeles, Downey, CA, and Sacramento, CA. Parts of the film were shot at a Rockwell Defense Plant in California. A soundtrack containing hip hop and R&B music was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967155", "chunk_text": "\"David Caruso\"\ncourt to answer the charges before fleeing to Mexico; following her deportation from Mexico, Austrian officials took her into custody to await trial on the stalking charges. In 1994, Caruso won a Golden Globe Award for his John Kelly role on \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" for which he was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. In 2001, he was nominated for the Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor – Suspense for his role as Dino in the film \"\"Proof of Life\"\". David Caruso David Stephen Caruso (born January 7, 1956) is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15310630", "chunk_text": "\"Death Proof\"\nis \"\"death proof\"\", but only for the driver. He speeds and slams on the brakes, smashing Pam's skull on the dashboard, killing her. He catches up with the women's car and drives into it at speed, killing them. Mike survives with no serious injury. Sheriff McGraw believes Mike killed the women intentionally, but because Mike was sober while the women were intoxicated, he cannot be charged. Fourteen months later, three young women, Abernathy Ross, Kim Mathis and Lee Montgomery, are driving through Lebanon, Tennessee. They stop at a convenience store, where Mike watches them from his car. The women pick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296544", "chunk_text": "\"Living Proof (film)\"\ndrug goes through three trials before gaining approval from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Prior to the trials, the drug has a \"\"mouse trial\"\", with Nicole (Tammy Blanchard), a young mother with stage 4 cancer, receiving the drug first. Although her mother Elizabeth (Swoosie Kurtz) pleads with Dr. Slamon, Nicole is not included in the subsequent trials as she does not meet the protocols. The women in the trials, particularly the first trial, band together. They handle their disease and drug trial, with humor—Tish (Jennifer Coolidge), or with alternative therapy—Tina (Trudie Styler). The stories of Barbara (Bernadette Peters) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15765121", "chunk_text": "\"Life or Something Like It\"\ntoo. Later, Pete, Lanie and Tommy watch Cal's baseball game, while Lanie (in a voiceover) says that one part of her has died — the part which didn't know how to live a life. The majority of the movie was shot on location in Seattle, Washington although portions were filmed in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. The TV station in the movie, KQMO, was actually real-life Seattle TV station KOMO-TV (the KOMO logo was altered on the set of KOMO 4 News and on several of KOMO's news vehicles, in addition to a few mic flags). Several KOMO personalities make cameo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296543", "chunk_text": "\"Living Proof (film)\"\nHerceptin, over the course of 8 years from 1988 to 1996. Dr. Slamon is a research doctor at UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles), where he has developed the experimental drug Herceptin, which he believes will become a treatment for breast cancer. However, when the drug company stops funding for research, philanthropists, including Lilly Tartikoff (Angie Harmon) and Ronald Perelman help him continue tests of the drug. Funding was done with an initial donation from Perelman's Revlon charity, and continued over the years with the \"\"Fire and Ice Ball\"\" organized by Tartikoff. Eventually the drug company funds the research and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4760943", "chunk_text": "\"Life (2017 film)\"\nLife (2017 film) Life is a 2017 American sci-fi horror film directed by Daniel Espinosa, written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick and starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Rebecca Ferguson, and Ryan Reynolds. The film follows a six-member crew of the International Space Station that uncovers the first evidence of life on Mars. The first co-production between Skydance Media and Sony Pictures, the film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 18, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on March 24, 2017. It received mixed reviews, with praise for its acting, visuals and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12471714", "chunk_text": "\"Pietro Sibille\"\nPietro Sibille Pietro Sibille Eslava (born 20 April 1977 in Lima) is a Peruvian actor. He won recognition with the Peruvian indie film \"\"Días de Santiago\"\", playing the role of a Peruvian ex-soldier with big issues. He won the best actor award twice, in 6° Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente de Buenos Aires 2004, and in Festival Elcine Lima 2004. He played the role of Juaco in the film \"\"Proof of Life\"\", with Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe in the principal roles. In Peruvian television, he played the main character of \"\"Misterio\"\", a social drama serial based on the life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296546", "chunk_text": "\"Living Proof (film)\"\ncasting Harry Connick, Jr. for the film. They had acted together in the romantic comedy \"\"New in Town\"\". Filming of \"\"Living Proof\"\" took place in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2008. The filming location was suggested by Connick, because, he said: \"\"It's expensive to film in Los Angeles, and my being from New Orleans, it's a chance to help the city get back on its feet a little bit by employing a lot of the local people.\"\" \"\"Living Proof\"\" was the first mainstream feature film to be scored as a solo project by composer Halli Cauthery. The movie averaged 2.5 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "108511", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Hargrove\"\nThomas Hargrove Thomas Rex Hargrove (3 March 1944 – 22 January 2011) was an American agricultural scientist and journalist, who was kidnapped in Colombia by FARC narco-guerillas in 1994. Throughout the 11 months he was captive, Hargrove secretly kept a diary which was published as \"\"Long March To Freedom: Tom Hargrove's Own Story of His Kidnapping by Colombian Narco-Guerrillas.\"\" The 2000 film \"\"Proof of Life\"\" starring Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe was heavily based on Hargrove and his ordeal. Hargrove obtained a double degree in agricultural science and journalism from Texas A&M University in 1966. He later earned a Ph.D.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "108515", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Hargrove\"\nhe was surprised to learn that people knew his name and of his kidnapping. The villagers drove him back to his house in Cali, where he walked in on his surprised family. Hargrove compiled his notes and published them as Long March To Freedom in 2001. The book contains an transcription of his notes (where legible) as well as scanned copies of some pages and his \"\"proof of life\"\" ransom Polaroid. The book was used as the premise for the Taylor Hackford movie \"\"Proof of Life\"\", in which the Hargrove-inspired character was played by David Morse. Following his release and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296541", "chunk_text": "\"Living Proof (film)\"\nLiving Proof (film) Living Proof is a 2008 Lifetime Television film, directed by Dan Ireland, starring Harry Connick, Jr. The film is based on the true life story of Dr. Dennis Slamon and the book \"\"HER-2: The Making of Herceptin, a Revolutionary Treatment for Breast Cancer\"\" by Robert Bazell. Vivienne Radkoff wrote the film script, and is also one of the film's executive producers. Renée Zellweger is another executive producer, together with Neil Meron and Craig Zadan. Tammy Blanchard, Amanda Bynes, Jennifer Coolidge, Angie Harmon, John Benjamin Hickey, Regina King, Swoosie Kurtz, Paula Cale Lisbe, Amy Madigan, Bernadette Peters, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15269182", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Body of Proof)\"\na personal problem concerning her daughter's birthday. \"\"Pilot\"\" was filmed in Providence, Rhode Island during April 2010. The episode achieved 13.942 million viewers upon its first broadcast in the United States, making it the second most watched series premiere of the 2010–11 television season. It also gave UK crime channel Alibi their biggest ever television audience. \"\"Pilot\"\" received mixed reviews from critics, who thought the show seemed bland. However, most critics praised Delany and the supporting cast's performances. Megan Hunt (Dana Delany) was once a top neurosurgeon, until she was involved in a car accident leaving her with paresthesia. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7296542", "chunk_text": "\"Living Proof (film)\"\nTrudie Styler are featured in the supporting cast. The film premiered on October 18, 2008, for Lifetime's \"\"Stop Breast Cancer for Life\"\" public service and advocacy campaign, during the National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. A red carpet premiere evening screening took place in New York on September 24, 2008, with a reception following with Harry Connick, Jr. and Bernadette Peters performing. Subsequent screenings took place in Washington, D.C. (September 25), Los Angeles (October 7), and London (October 9). The film follows the true story of Dr. Dennis Slamon (played by Harry Connick, Jr.), who helped develop the breast cancer drug", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4517532", "chunk_text": "\"100 Proof (film)\"\n100 Proof (film) 100 Proof is a 1997 independently produced American thriller, written and directed by Jeremy Horton. Shot on location in Kentucky, it is based on the true story of a killing spree that took place in Lexington in 1986. Two women, LaFonda Fay Foster and Tina Hickey Powell, murdered five people in the real-life incident. The film's supporting cast includes Jim Varney, who portrays the drunk, violent, incestuous father of one of the two women at the center of the story. Varney's role is radically different from the humorous Ernest P. Worrell character for which he was best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11355616", "chunk_text": "\"Proof (1991 film)\"\nProof (1991 film) Proof is a 1991 Australian comedy-drama film written and directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse, and starring Hugo Weaving, Geneviève Picot and Russell Crowe. The film was released in Australia on 15 August 1991. It was chosen as \"\"Best Film\"\" at the 1991 Australian Film Institute Awards, along with 5 other awards, including Moorhouse for Best Director, Weaving for Best Leading Actor, and Crowe for Best Supporting Actor. The story concerns the tribulations of Martin (Hugo Weaving), a blind photographer. Through a series of flashbacks, Martin is shown as a child, distrustful of his own mother, and also she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20053477", "chunk_text": "\"Life (2015 film)\"\n2014. On March 8, 2014 filming took place at Bay Street in downtown Toronto, which was transformed into 1950s New York City street. On March 11, 2014, Pattinson and DeHaan shot a motorcycle riding scene in Toronto, on a bike resembling a \"\"1955 Trophy Triumph\"\", James Dean's bike. On March 15, 2014, filming took place at Victoria and King streets in downtown Toronto with Pattinson and Edgerton. Scenes shot at \"\"71 Gloucester Street\"\" Toronto on March 20, 2014. After Toronto, filming moved to Los Angeles, California. Filming took place at Chateau Marmont on March 30, 2014. On March 31, 2014,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15310627", "chunk_text": "\"Death Proof\"\nDeath Proof Death Proof is a 2007 American exploitation thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Kurt Russell as a stuntman who murders young women in staged car accidents using his \"\"death-proof\"\" stunt car. It co-stars Rosario Dawson, Vanessa Ferlito, Jordan Ladd, Rose McGowan, Sydney Tamiia Poitier, Tracie Thoms and Mary Elizabeth Winstead, with stuntwoman Zoë Bell as herself. The film pays homage to the slasher, exploitation and muscle car films of the 1970s. \"\"Death Proof\"\" was released theatrically in the United States as part of a double feature with Robert Rodriguez’s \"\"Planet Terror\"\" under the collective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5128602", "chunk_text": "\"Dennis Slamon\"\ncell biology that same year. He completed his internship and residency at the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, becoming chief resident in 1978. One year later, he became a fellow in the Division of Hematology/Oncology at UCLA, Los Angeles. His life and research was the template for the plot of the film \"\"Living Proof\"\" (2008), starring Harry Connick, Jr.. Slamon and his colleagues set out to find ways to target their treatments. They took breast cancer cells and mimicked what was happening in their patients, looking at genetic alterations in the genes that regulate growth. One of them was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14042823", "chunk_text": "\"The Confirmation\"\nand his eight-year-old son, Anthony, are about to spend a somewhat predictable weekend together, nevertheless, when a valuable toolbox gets stolen, the search for the thieves will soon turn into a true family bonding. Screenwriter Bob Nelson, who had previously worked on penning the screenplay for \"\"Nebraska\"\" (2013) directed by Alexander Payne, first mentioned the project in an interview with \"\"Wall Street Journal\"\" in February 2014, where he stated that he had completed the screenplay for the film. Principal photography commenced on November 11, 2014 in Vancouver, British Columbia. On November 18, 2014, it was announced that Clive Owen, Jaeden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19910853", "chunk_text": "\"Eight Days to Live\"\nEight Days to Live Eight Days to Live is a 2006 television film produced by CTV about a mother who organizes a search and rescue for her son who drives off the road in the Lytton area of the Fraser Canyon of British Columbia. It is based on a true story. Nineteen-year-old Joe Spring's driver's license is reinstated after it had been suspended for reckless driving. Immediately after he is informed, he begs his parents - Teresa and Tim Spring - to let him drive from their home in Aldergrove, BC to Quesnel, BC to attend a Saturday night party.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15007684", "chunk_text": "\"Traces of Death\"\npiece of footage taken at a monster truck show in Baltimore, Maryland, on March 23, 1992. What makes this footage so unusual is that the robot transformer at the show malfunctioned. A big rod from the malfunctioning robot went into the actor of the alien suit's chest, and exploded. Another notable air show crash in the film took place in Plainview, Texas, on September 11, 1983, where the pilot lost both his plane's wings in mid-air and plummeted into the field below. There are many other various plane crashes and race car crashes during the middle and towards the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10242499", "chunk_text": "\"Waterproof (2000 film)\"\nAt night, Eli says he will tell what happened at the store if Tyree does not tell Viola what happened with Natty. Eli, however, tells a police officer that he only took a vacation and that the blood in his store was a cut from a newspaper rack. On the porch, she tells Viola and Big the truth. Tyree is baptized by the church congregation joined with the entire family, which includes Big and Eli. In a post-credits scene, it is shown that Eli has sold the store to live in Waterproof. Filming took place in Wilmington, North Carolina and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5120933", "chunk_text": "\"Proof (2005 film)\"\nProof (2005 film) Proof is a 2005 American drama film directed by John Madden and starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Anthony Hopkins, Jake Gyllenhaal, and Hope Davis. It was written by Rebecca Miller, based on David Auburn's Pulitzer Prize-winning play \"\"Proof\"\". The plot alternates between events immediately following the death of Robert (Anthony Hopkins), a brilliant mathematician whose genius was undone by crippling mental illness, and flashbacks revealing the life he shared with his daughter Catherine (Gwyneth Paltrow). Catherine is also a mathematician, but she struggles with living in her father's shadow, with balancing her demanding studies with caring for her father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16465326", "chunk_text": "\"Proof (2005 film)\"\nis infinite, and that he will never be as cold as he will be in the future. Reading her father's work, Catherine realizes that Robert has not overcome his mental illness. A dispirited Catherine leaves her notebook in Robert's desk, where Hal will later find it. Catherine has begun to come to terms with herself, aided by Hal's confidence in her. She decides that she does not need to go with her sister to New York and runs out of the airport. She returns to University of Chicago, and the film ends with her and Hal meeting up on campus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1918106", "chunk_text": "\"Certificate of life\"\nby producing proof of identity such as a passport. Certificate of life A Certificate of Life (also called a \"\"Certificate of Existence\"\", \"\"Letter of Existence\"\", \"\"Life Certificate\"\", \"\"Proof of Life\"\") is a certificate produced by a trusted entity to confirm that an individual was alive at the time of its creation. Governments, pension and insurance companies and other bodies may need to check periodically that the people they are paying have not died in order that they do not overpay annuities and pensions. Where individuals are resident outside their country of origin, a Certificate of Life may sometimes be obtained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15798397", "chunk_text": "\"Species (film)\"\nAngeles, including location shooting at Sunset Strip, Silver Lake, Pacific Palisades, the Hollywood Hills and the Biltmore Hotel. Id Club, the nightclub featured in the film, was built within Hollywood's Pantages Theater, while the hills above Dodger Stadium near Elysian Park were used for the car chase and crash where Sil fakes her death. For the opening scenes in Utah, the Tooele Army Depot dubbed as the outside of the research facility—the interiors were shot at the Rockwell International Corporation laboratory in California—and a Victorian-era train station in Brigham City was part of Sil's escape. Other locations included the Santa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9408571", "chunk_text": "\"God's Not Dead: A Light in Darkness\"\nhis case has only made things worse and that St. James is not the right church for God and his followers. He drops his lawsuit, reaches an out-of-court settlement with the college, and after talking with a repentant Adam and consulting with Jude's family, ultimately asks to have the criminal charges against Adam dropped. He then announces to his college protesters that while St. James will be torn down, he will reopen a new church not far from the school for future followers. Principal photography took place in December 2017 around Little Rock, Arkansas. In the United States and Canada,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17477971", "chunk_text": "\"A Matter of Life and Death (film)\"\nunder contract to David O. Selznick for two years. Powell and Pressburger decided that she was right for the part almost immediately on their first meeting, and arranged with Selznick to use her. \"\"A Matter of Life and Death\"\" was filmed at D&P Studios and Denham Studios in Denham, Buckinghamshire, England, and on locations in Devon and Surrey. The beach scene was shot at Saunton Sands in Devon, and the village seen in the camera obscura was Shere in Surrey. Production took place from 2 September to 2 December 1945, used 29 sets, and cost an estimated £320,000, . \"\"A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5253989", "chunk_text": "\"An Unfinished Life\"\nhe coldly ignored. Griff invites Sheriff Curtis for lunch when he drops by to see Jean. All is well as Mitch narrates the last seconds of the story, describing to Einar his dreams of flying above the earth and coming to understand things about life. While set in Wyoming, \"\"An Unfinished Life\"\" was actually filmed in the Canadian towns of Ashcroft, Savona, and Kamloops, British Columbia. Reviews of the film were mixed. Movie review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes shows that 53% of critics gave the film a positive review, giving it a \"\"rotten\"\" score. \"\"An Unfinished Life\"\" did not open", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215470", "chunk_text": "\"Lease of Life\"\nfixed set of rules, but of freedom to act according to one's conscience. However some of his pronouncements are willfully misunderstood and deemed provocative and controversial. There also remains the worry about how to secure the necessary funds to pay for Susan's tuition at a music college, and fate happens to put temptation in the way. Exterior sequences for \"\"Lease of Life\"\" were filmed in Beverley (Gilchester) and the nearby village of Lund (Hinton St. John) in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The railway scenes in the film were filmed at Windsor & Eton Central station. Lease of Life Lease", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_768	where does us highway 1 start and end?	n/a	[ "Fort Kent, Maine", "to Key West, Florida", "Key West, Florida" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594330", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nU.S. Route 1 U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. It runs , from Key West, Florida north to Fort Kent, Maine, at the Canada–US border, making it the longest north–south road in the United States. US 1 is generally paralleled by I-95, though the former is significantly farther west (inland) between Jacksonville, Florida, and Petersburg, Virginia. The highway connects most of the major cities of the East Coast—including Miami, Jacksonville, Richmond, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston and Portland, passing from the Southeastern United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594357", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nnumber, is not an auxiliary route, but rather considered a primary U.S. Route in its own right as major highway west of the former US 99 on the west coast of the United States. U.S. Route 1 U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. It runs , from Key West, Florida north to Fort Kent, Maine, at the Canada–US border, making it the longest north–south road in the United States. US 1 is generally paralleled by I-95, though the former is significantly farther west (inland) between Jacksonville,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086303", "chunk_text": "\"California State Route 1\"\nCalifornia State Route 1 State Route 1 (SR 1) is a major north–south state highway that runs along most of the Pacific coastline of the U.S. state of California. At a total of just over , it is the longest state route in California. SR 1 has several portions designated as either Pacific Coast Highway (PCH), Cabrillo Highway, Shoreline Highway, or Coast Highway. Its southern terminus is at Interstate 5 (I-5) near Dana Point in Orange County and its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 101 (US 101) near Leggett in Mendocino County. SR 1 also at times runs concurrently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3660960", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania\"\nU.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway, extending from the Florida Keys in the south to the Canadian border in the north. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, US 1 runs for from the Maryland state line near Oxford to the New Jersey state line near Trenton, through the southeastern portion of the state. The route runs southwest to northeast, and serves as a major arterial road for many of the suburbs in the Delaware Valley area. South of Philadelphia, the road mostly follows the alignment of the old Baltimore Pike.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594331", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nStates to New England. While US 1 is generally the easternmost of the main north–south U.S. Highways, parts of several others occupy corridors closer to the ocean. When the road system was laid out in the 1920s, US 1 was mostly assigned to the existing Atlantic Highway, which followed the Fall Line between the Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain north of Augusta, Georgia. At the time, the highways farther east were of lower quality and did not serve the major population centers. Construction of the Interstate Highway system gradually changed the use and character of US 1, and I-95", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12861082", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nUS 90 Alternate. It then intersects with State Road 115, and the national southern terminus of U.S. Route 23. It also ends the concurrencies of US 90 Alternate and SR 228. It also starts a concurrency with U.S. Route 17. At that point, the one-way pair ends, and US 1 leaves downtown as Main Street. It then intersects US 1 Alternate, and the road heads west on the Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway, ending the concurrency with US 17, which heads north. At this point, US 1 changes its unsigned state road from SR 5 to State Road 15. U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3897639", "chunk_text": "\"Mexican Federal Highway 1\"\nMexican Federal Highway 1 Federal Highway 1 (, Fed. 1) is a free (libre) part of the federal highway corridors () of Mexico, and the highway follows the length of the Baja California Peninsula from Tijuana, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south. The road connects with \"\"Via Rapida\"\", which merges into the American Interstate 5 (I-5) at the international border south of San Ysidro, California. Fed. 1 is often called the \"\"Carretera Transpeninsular\"\" (Transpeninsular Highway) and runs a length of from Tijuana to Cabo San Lucas. Most of its course is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8911539", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Maryland\"\nU.S. Route 1 in Maryland U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is the easternmost and longest of the major north–south routes of the older 1920s era United States Numbered Highway System, running from Key West, Florida to Fort Kent, Maine. In the U.S. state of Maryland, an segment of the route runs through central Maryland between Mount Rainier and Rising Sun. US 1 is paralleled by several major highways as it passes through Maryland, including Interstate 95, the Baltimore–Washington Parkway, U.S. Route 29, and U.S. Route 301. Thus, US 1 has lost its significance as a long distance route through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627292", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nstarting a concurrency with U.S. Route 301 that continues beyond the Georgia state line. Just north of Callahan, US 1 intersects County Road 115. US 1 heads north towards Hilliard, which contains an intersection with CR 108. Heading north towards Georgia, it passes by a welcome center on the southbound side in Boulogne, followed by an intersection with CR 121/Lake Hampton Road, the last intersection before US 1 crosses the St. Marys River and the Georgia state line. US 1 was designated nationwide on November 11, 1926, running from Miami, Florida, north to Fort Kent, Maine. The label was generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1259061", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in New York\"\nU.S. Route 1 in New York U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Key West, Florida, to the Canada–United States border at Fort Kent, Maine. In the U.S. state of New York, US 1 extends from the George Washington Bridge in Manhattan to the Connecticut state line at Port Chester. It closely parallels Interstate 95 (I-95) for much of its course, and does not serve as a major trunk route within the state. It does not overlap with any other roads besides I-95 and (briefly) US 9, and few other state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594333", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nLabor Day Hurricane of 1935. The rest of US 1 in Florida is generally a four-lane divided highway, despite the existence of the newer I-95 not far away. Famous vacation scenic route Florida State Road A1A is a continuous oceanfront alternate to US 1 that runs along the beaches of the Atlantic Ocean, cut only by assorted unbridged inlets and the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral. North of Jacksonville, US 1 turns northwest towards Augusta, Georgia; US 17 becomes the coastal route into Virginia, where US 13 takes over. In Florida until the 1990s, US 1 used high-contrast markers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627279", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nHighway. US 1 continues north to Titusville, first intersecting with State Road 405, with east SR 405 leading to NASA Parkway and the main entrance of the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island. Still in Titusville, it intersects State Road 50. Now in central Titusville, US 1 intersects SR 405 again, and State Road 406, where the Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway ends on US 1 and proceeds onto east SR 406. North of Titusville, US 1 steers away from the Indian River and travels in a parallel direction with Interstate 95 from here to the Volusia County", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13423533", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Georgia\"\nU.S. Route 1 in Georgia U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Georgia, which is concurrent for almost its entire length with State Route 4 (SR 4), is a highway traversing south-to-north through portions of Charlton, Ware, Bacon, Appling, Toombs, Emanuel, Jefferson, and Richmond counties in the southeastern and east-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. In Georgia, the highway originates at US 1/US 23/US 301/SR 15 at the St. Marys River and the Florida state line, where SR 4 and SR 15 reach their southern terminus. It travels to its northern terminus at US 1/US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2074880", "chunk_text": "\"Texas State Highway 1\"\nTexas State Highway 1 State Highway 1 (SH 1) was a Texas state highway that traveled across the U.S. state of Texas. The highway traveled from Texarkana on the eastern border to El Paso on the western border, via Dallas and Fort Worth, Abilene, and Midland–Odessa. SH 1 was approximately long, and was one of the original 25 Texas state highways, which were designated on June 21, 1917. In 1920, the entire length of the highway was designated as part of the Bankhead Highway, a transcontinental Auto trail. In the Texas Department of Transportation's 1939 state highway renumbering, most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18783209", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 101\"\nU.S. Route 101 U.S. Route 101, or U.S. Highway 101 (US 101) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, on the West Coast of the United States. It is also known as (The Royal Road) where its route along the southern and central California coast approximates the old trail which linked the Spanish missions, pueblos, and presidios. It merges at some points with California State Route 1 (SR 1). Though US 101 remains a major coastal north–south link along the Pacific coast north of San Francisco, it has been replaced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594351", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nYork and Philadelphia, Baltimore Pike between Philadelphia and Baltimore, and the Dixie Highway in and south of eastern Georgia. North of Augusta, Georgia, the highway generally followed the Eastern U.S. Fall Line, rather than a more easterly route through the swamps of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Brickell Avenue is the name given to the stretch of US 1 in Miami, Florida, just south of the Miami River until the Rickenbacker Causeway. When the New England road marking system was established in 1922, the Atlantic Highway within New England was signed as Route 1, with a Route 24 continuing north to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20709376", "chunk_text": "\"K-1 (Kansas highway)\"\nK-1 (Kansas highway) K-1 is a state highway in Comanche County in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its southern terminus is at the Oklahoma border south of Buttermilk, where it continues as Oklahoma State Highway 34. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 160 and U.S. Route 183 south of Coldwater. The highway is not a part of the United States National Highway System. The highway has annual average daily traffic values between 600 and 645, and the entire route of K-1 is paved with partial design bituminous pavement. K-1 begins at the border with Oklahoma, where it is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5096857", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Highway 1\"\nLouisiana Highway 1 Louisiana Highway 1 (LA 1) is a state highway in Louisiana. At , it is the longest numbered highway of any class in Louisiana. It runs diagonally across the state, connecting the oil and gas fields near the island of Grand Isle with the northwest corner of the state, north of Shreveport. The part south of U.S. Highway 90 near Raceland is Corridor 44, a National Highway System High Priority Corridor. From Alexandria to Shreveport, the LA 1 corridor was used for Interstate 49. Between New Roads, Louisiana, and the interchange with Interstate 49 at Alexandria, Louisiana,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627287", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nAt the northern end of St. Augustine, it intersects State Road 16, followed by US 1 Business five blocks later. After leaving St. Augustine, it passes by the western end of the Northeast Florida Regional Airport, and cuts through wetlands to Durbin. At the northernmost intersection with County Road 210 at Race Track Road, US 1 crosses the Duval County line and enters Jacksonville. From St. Johns County, US 1 starts its journey through Duval County and Jacksonville at Race Track Road, where it becomes the Philips Highway, a section of US 1 south of Downtown Jacksonville named after Judge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5604743", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nintersects State Road 510, where US 1 begins a concurrency with Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway. US 1 then intersects with SR 605 one block north of SR 510. US 1 then travels north to central Sebastian, where it intersects with CR 512 (Sebastian Boulevard), providing access to Fellsmere and Interstate 95. It then enters Roseland, intersecting CR 505 a half mile south of US 1's crossing of the St. Sebastian River, where it leaves Indian River County. US 1 enters Brevard County at the north end of the St. Sebastian River, continuing to hug the western shoreline of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594355", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\ncompleted in 1938, and soon became a southern extension of US 1. With the construction of the Interstate Highway System in and after the 1950s, much of US 1 from Houlton to Miami was bypassed by Interstate 95. Between Houlton and Brunswick, Maine, I-95 took a shorter inland route, much of it paralleling US 2 on the alignment proposed for US 1 in 1925. Between Philadelphia and Baltimore, I-95 leaves US 1 to pass through Wilmington. Most notably, I-95 and US 1 follow different corridors between Petersburg, Virginia, and Jacksonville, Florida; while US 1 followed the Fall Line west of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044180", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey\"\nU.S. Route 1 in New Jersey U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a United States highway which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire length of the route, of it runs through New Jersey. It enters the state from Pennsylvania on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in the state capital of Trenton, running through the city on the Trenton Freeway. From here, US 1 continues northeast as a surface divided highway through suburban areas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594336", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\n1 alignments northeast of Camden to the North Carolina line. Between the South Carolina line and the US 74 bypass, US 1 is a two-lane road but sees a considerable amount of truck and tourist traffic of people cutting through from the US 74/US 220 and I-73/I-74 corridor attempting to reach points south and east. US 1 goes through downtown Rockingham, with a bypass in the future plans. North of the NC 177 junction, it becomes four lanes or greater, becoming a super-street with limited access and then becoming a limited access freeway. US 1 becomes a major artery for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044212", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey\"\nin Burlington County, were so ranked due to the nine pedestrian deaths that occurred on each of those roads from 2009 to 2011. There are two remaining bannered spurs of US 1 in the state of New Jersey: The following state highway was also formerly designated as a bannered spur of US 1: U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a United States highway which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627295", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nreplaced gradually by black-and-white signs. U.S. Route 1 in Florida U.S. Highway 1 (US 1) in Florida runs along the state's east coast from Key West to its crossing of the St. Marys River into Georgia north of Boulogne, and south of Folkston. US 1 was designated through Florida when the United States Numbered Highway System was established in 1926. The road is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). From its national southern terminus in Key West, US 1 carries the Overseas Highway—the Keys main highway north to the mainland, entering South Florida. From South Florida to Jacksonville,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12861052", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nU.S. Route 1 in Florida U.S. Highway 1 (US 1) in Florida runs along the state's east coast from Key West to its crossing of the St. Marys River into Georgia north of Boulogne, and south of Folkston. US 1 was designated through Florida when the United States Numbered Highway System was established in 1926. The road is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). From its national southern terminus in Key West, US 1 carries the Overseas Highway—the Keys main highway north to the mainland, entering South Florida. From South Florida to Jacksonville, US 1 runs close to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2074881", "chunk_text": "\"Texas State Highway 1\"\nSH 1 was redesignated as U.S. Route 80, as well as U.S. Route 67, and others. Most of these highways were replaced by Interstate 10, Interstate 20, and Interstate 30. The only portion of SH 1 that existed after September 26, 1939 was a short spur located in Dallas. Texas State Highway 1 was officially cancelled on August 20, 1952. Due to the highway's historic value, a highway can not be designated as Texas State Highway 1 unless by the order of TxDOT Executive Director or by the Transportation Commission. Texas State Highway 1 had several long spur routes. Most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5604730", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\nconcurrent with Interstate 95, and is also I-95's state designation through most of Florida. About a mile east, it meets the national southern terminus of I-95, which is joins over the Miami River into downtown. The road is then named Biscayne Boulevard through the rest of Miami-Dade County as it proceeds north on Biscayne Bay. As Biscayne Boulevard, US 1 becomes a one-way pair at an intersection with State Road 970. Two blocks north, it reaches State Road 968 (Flagler Street), the north–south baseline for most of Miami-Dade County. US 1 then passes by the western end of Bayfront Park,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3567866", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Virginia\"\nUS 1 to Interstate 595 southward to the connector road with Reagan National Airport. However, the upgrade as proposed was never built. Instead, US 1 is elevated with a diamond interchange over 15th Street South, but is a surface road with signaled intersections at 20th Street South and further south. The modern US 1 corridor was added to the state highway system as follows: U.S. Route 1 in Virginia U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. In the U.S. state of Virginia, US 1 runs north–south through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594353", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nAtlantic Highway to Miami. In all states but Georgia that had numbered their state highways, Route 1 followed only one or two numbers across the state. The only significant deviation from the Atlantic Highway was between Augusta, Georgia, and Jacksonville, Florida, where Route 1 was assigned to a more inland route, rather than following the Atlantic Highway via Savannah. One of the many changes made to the system before the final numbering was adopted in 1926 involved US 1 in Maine. The 1925 plan had assigned US 1 to the shorter inland route (Route 15) between Houlton and Bangor, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6081784", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in North Carolina\"\na freeway bypassing Sanford and continues to Raleigh as a freeway, sharing briefly with US 64 at Cary and of the Raleigh Inner-Beltline with I-440. North of Raleigh, US 1 continues as an expressway through Wake Forest and Henderson. Exiting off the connector road before I-85, the highway reverts to a two-lane rural road, paralleling I-85 into Virginia. US 1 through North Carolina generally follows the Fall Line between the Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Though the highway is commonly known as \"\"Highway 1\"\" or \"\"U.S. 1\"\" throughout the state, the highway does have other known names it uses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4006622", "chunk_text": "\"Arkansas Highway 1\"\nArkansas Highway 1 Highway 1 (AR 1, Ark. 1, and Hwy. 1) is a north–south state highway in east Arkansas. The route of runs from US Route 278 (US 278) in McGehee north to Supplemental Route BB at the Missouri state line. One of the original 1926 state highways, Highway 1 has remained very close to its original routing. The highway contains an overlap of approximately with U.S. Route 49. Arkansas Highway 1 begins at U.S. Route 278 in downtown McGehee and runs northwest (along the Union Pacific Railroad tracks) for three blocks before turning northeast at an intersection with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11016312", "chunk_text": "\"Pacific Highway (United States)\"\nSan Diego. This alignment is now mostly Interstate 5 in California, except between Woodland, California, and Los Angeles, where it uses State Route 113, Interstate 80 and then U.S. Route 101. In Oregon, Interstate 5 is now officially the Pacific Highway No. 1 (see Oregon highways and routes). First completed in 1923, Oregon's Pacific Highway was the first border-to-border paved highway west of the Mississippi River. In California, Highway 1 named the Pacific Coast Highway or the \"\"PCH\"\" runs along the coast from Leggett, California (north of San Francisco) south through Big Sur to Los Angeles before terminating in Orange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594349", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nInterstate 95. Within Maine, US 1 begins as a parallel route to I-95 near the Atlantic Ocean. At Portland, I-95 splits off to the north, and I-295 heads northeast paralleling US 1 to Brunswick. There US 1 turns east as a mostly two-lane road along the coast to Calais; much of this portion is advertised as the \"\"Coastal Route\"\" on signs. North from Calais, US 1 follows the Canada–US border, crossing I-95 in Houlton and eventually turning west and southwest to its \"\"north\"\" end at the Clair-Fort Kent Bridge in Fort Kent. The short Route 161 extends north on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3567822", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Virginia\"\nU.S. Route 1 in Virginia U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is a major north–south U.S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. In the U.S. state of Virginia, US 1 runs north–south through South Hill, Petersburg, Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Alexandria on its way from North Carolina to the 14th Street Bridge into the District of Columbia. It is completely paralleled by Interstate Highways in Virginia – Interstate 85 south of Petersburg, Interstate 95 north to Alexandria, and Interstate 395 into the District – and now serves mainly local traffic. At its north end, on the approach to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5604729", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\n57th Avenue), US 1 leaves South Miami and enters Coral Gables, still headed northeast. At West 38th Avenue (Brooker Street), it leaves Coral Gables and enters Miami, heading northeast towards the southern terminus of Interstate 95 just south of downtown Miami. At this point, there is a signage gap in the route even though it is federally and state defined as cosigning with I-95 and SR 970 all the way to Biscayne Boulevard, where US 1 signage resumes. In Miami, US 1 first intersects State Road 976, followed by the south end of State Road 9, which ends up running", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594339", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nsome of the most populated areas of the east coast. Through Virginia, US 1 is paralleled by Interstates: the remainder of Interstate 85 to Petersburg, Interstate 95 through Richmond and Fredericksburg to Alexandria, and Interstate 395 into Arlington. Within Virginia, US 1 is called Jefferson Davis Highway by state law, although most of the Fairfax County portion, except Lorton, is better known as the Richmond Highway. US 1 crosses the Potomac River with I-395 on the 14th Street Bridges, and splits to follow mainly 14th Street and Rhode Island Avenue through the District of Columbia. US 1 is at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086304", "chunk_text": "\"California State Route 1\"\nwith US 101, most notably through a stretch in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, and across the Golden Gate Bridge. The highway is designated as an All-American Road. In addition to providing a scenic route to numerous attractions along the coast, the route also serves as a major thoroughfare in the Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and several other coastal urban areas. SR 1 was built piecemeal in various stages, with the first section opening in the Big Sur region in the 1930s. However, portions of the route had several names and numbers over the years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2875253", "chunk_text": "\"Texas State Highway 1\"\n1 is followed by Interstate 10 (I-10) from New Mexico to east of Van Horn, I-20 to west of Fort Worth, and I-30 to Texarkana. The only major difference was between east of Ranger and Weatherford, where SH 1 used what is now designated SH 16 and U.S. Highway 180. SH 1 was assigned on June 21, 1917 as one of the original 25 state highways. Known as the Texarkana, Dallas, Fort Worth and El Paso Highway, it crossed from Arkansas at Texarkana and ran west through Dallas, Fort Worth, Albany, Abilene, Big Spring and Van Horn to end in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4006631", "chunk_text": "\"Arkansas Highway 1\"\nThe Jonesboro business route is the longest, and intersects future Interstate 555. Arkansas Highway 1 Highway 1 (AR 1, Ark. 1, and Hwy. 1) is a north–south state highway in east Arkansas. The route of runs from US Route 278 (US 278) in McGehee north to Supplemental Route BB at the Missouri state line. One of the original 1926 state highways, Highway 1 has remained very close to its original routing. The highway contains an overlap of approximately with U.S. Route 49. Arkansas Highway 1 begins at U.S. Route 278 in downtown McGehee and runs northwest (along the Union Pacific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594350", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nNew Brunswick (Canada) side of the bridge to Route 120, a secondary east–west route from Edmundston, New Brunswick west to Quebec Route 289 toward Saint-Alexandre, Quebec. The direct predecessor to US 1 was the Atlantic Highway, an auto trail established in 1911 as the Quebec-Miami International Highway. In 1915 it was renamed the Atlantic Highway, and the northern terminus was changed to Calais, Maine. Due to the overlapping of auto trail designations, portions of the route had other names that remain in common use, such as the Boston Post Road between Boston and New York, the Lincoln Highway between New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13423534", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Georgia\"\n25/US 78/US 278/SC 121 at the Savannah River and the South Carolina state line in Augusta. Here, SR 10 reaches its eastern terminus, and SR 121 reaches its northern terminus. US 1 begins at the Florida state line, at the St. Marys River in eastern Charlton County, and initially travels to the north-northwest as a four-lane highway through Folkston, concurrent with US 23, US 301, SR 4, and SR 15. In Homeland, US 301/SR 23 splits off and travels in a northerly direction, while US 1/US 23/SR 4/SR 15 turns to the northwest, crossing into Ware County, and initially forming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18066444", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\nareas are served by routes east of it. Starting in South Carolina, US 1 is paralleled by Interstate 20 along the Fall Line through Aiken, Lexington, and Columbia to Camden and Lugoff. US 1 functions as a local two-lane road with occasional boulevard stretches. After Camden, US 1 continues northeast away from any Interstate towards Bethune, Patrick, McBee and Cheraw with no bypasses or four-lane sections except around Cheraw through the US 52 and SC 9 multiplexes. After SC 9, it continues northward into North Carolina as a two-lane highway. SCDOT has no plans to widen or bypass any US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17096863", "chunk_text": "\"California State Route 1\"\nroute runs right besides the coastline, or close to it, for the most part, and it turns several miles inland to avoid several federally controlled or protected areas such as Vandenberg Air Force Base, Diablo Canyon Power Plant and Point Reyes National Seashore. Segments of SR 1 range from a rural two-lane road to an urban freeway. Because of the former, long distance thru traffic traveling between the coastal metropolitan areas are instead advised to use faster routes such as US 101 or I-5. At its southernmost end in Orange County, SR 1 terminates at I-5 in Capistrano Beach in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086307", "chunk_text": "\"California State Route 1\"\nthose in the United States armed forces. In Southern California, the California State Legislature has designated the segment between Interstate 5 (I-5) in Dana Point and US 101 near Oxnard as the Pacific Coast Highway (commonly referred to as \"\"PCH\"\"). Between US 101 at the Las Cruces junction (8 miles south of Buellton) and US 101 in Pismo Beach, and between US 101 in San Luis Obispo and Interstate 280 in San Francisco, the legislature has designated SR 1 as the Cabrillo Highway, after the Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. The legislature has also designated the route as the Shoreline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2627293", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Florida\"\napplied to the Atlantic Highway, except between Jacksonville, Florida, and Augusta, Georgia, where a more inland route was chosen. In Florida, US 1 was designated along the full length of SR 4. South of Jacksonville, this was both the Atlantic Highway and the eastern division of the Dixie Highway; the route from Jacksonville northwest into Georgia was a Jacksonville–Macon, Georgia Dixie Highway connector. With the Overseas Highway completed in 1938, US 1 was extended from Miami over the Overseas Highway (SR 4A) to Key West shortly afterward, where it still ends today. The section of US 1 between Miami and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19245001", "chunk_text": "\"Louisiana Highway 1\"\nits end at Interstate 49, and continues southwest on Mason Street and northwest on Bolton Avenue. From Alexandria to Shreveport, LA 1 generally parallels Interstate 49, including a bypass around Natchitoches. Louisiana Highway 1 Business runs through downtown Natchitoches before rejoining the original highway just northwest of the city limits. It passes through Shreveport on Youree Drive, Spring Street and Market Street, running concurrently with U.S. Highway 71 from Interstate 20 downtown to a split north of downtown. From Shreveport to the border with Texas, where LA 1 becomes State Highway 77, LA 1 passes through towns such as Oil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086329", "chunk_text": "\"California State Route 1\"\nseries of redwood-forested switchbacks before reaching Rockport. North of Rockport, the highway turns away from the Lost Coast to avoid steep and unstable highlands created by Mendocino Triple Junction uplift. The highway follows Cottaneva Creek inland through redwood-forested mountainous terrain before terminating at US 101 just outside Leggett. SR 1 has become famous worldwide, but the highway was signed as several other routes prior to 1964. When the road was first envisioned in the World War I era, California highways were referred to by either a highway name or a route number. The route numbers were used by state highway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16594334", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1\"\n(white text on a red background). The part of US 1 in Georgia, as it shifts from the coastal alignment in Florida to the Fall Line alignment in South Carolina, is generally very rural, passing through marshes and former plantations between the towns and cities of Folkston, Waycross, Alma, Baxley, Lyons, Swainsboro, and Augusta. The Georgia Department of Transportation has an ongoing plan to widen all of US 1 to four lanes with bypasses which is more than 50 percent complete. In South Carolina, US 1 generally serves mostly rural areas as it falls west of I-95 while the coastal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3660990", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania\"\nand those streets were marked E-W, not N-S. After Kennett Square, the US 1 expressway ends and its traffic merges onto Baltimore Pike. Except for the southernmost part of Baltimore Pike at Nottingham, the Chester County part of old US 1 is still driveable. There is the dead end mentioned above; also, a small part of Baltimore Pike is permanently blocked by the Herr's Snacks company property. Between Philadelphia and Trenton, US 1 is a part of the Lincoln Highway, a cross-country road that ran from New York City to San Francisco, California. It was also a part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_769	who scored the most points in a single game in the nba?	n/a	[ "Wilt Chamberlain" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318356", "chunk_text": "\"Minute (basketball)\"\nMinute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA in one season with 3,882,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318357", "chunk_text": "\"Minute (basketball)\"\nset in the 1961-62 season. Minute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6494151", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nWilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball. Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made, a notable achievement, as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter. The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game (316). That season, Chamberlain averaged a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287610", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nNaulls wrote, \"\"Wilt had rung the bell of freedom loud and clear, shouting, 'Let my people be free to express themselves.' For we were and will be for all time those who withstood the humiliation of racial quotas even to the point of the NBA's facing extinction because of retarded expression and stagnating growth.\"\" Source <br> Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044804", "chunk_text": "\"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar\"\ndefeating Boston in 1987, and Detroit in 1988. The Lakers lost to the Pistons in a four-game sweep in his final season. At the time of his retirement, Abdul-Jabbar held the record for most games played by a single player in the NBA; this would later be broken by Robert Parish. He also was the all-time record holder for most points (38,387), most field goals made (15,837), and most minutes played (57,446). Since 2005, Abdul-Jabbar has served as a special assistant coach for the Lakers. He had been interested in coaching since his retirement, and given the influence that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287605", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\ngoals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in a 122–104 win over the Toronto Raptors on January 22, 2006. Whereas Chamberlain was fed repeatedly by teammates for inside shots in a blowout win, Bryant created his own shot—mostly from the outside—in a game which the Lakers trailed at halftime by 14 and did not pull away until the fourth quarter. Chamberlain, playing in an era when the games were paced faster and scoring opportunities were more plentiful, accounted for 59 percent of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18865693", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nin scoring, rebounding, and durability categories. He is the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game or average more than 40 and 50 points in a season. He won seven scoring, eleven rebounding, nine field goal percentage titles and led the league in assists once. Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game in a season, which he accomplished seven times. He is also the only player to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game over the entire course of his NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20990603", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nthe 3,000-point barrier is Michael Jordan, with 3,041 points in the 1986–87 NBA season. Chamberlain once again broke the 2,000-rebound barrier with 2,052. Additionally, he was on the hardwood for an average of 48.53 minutes, playing 3,882 of his team's 3,890 minutes. Because Chamberlain played in overtime games, he averaged more minutes per game than the regulation 48; in fact, Chamberlain would have reached the 3,890-minute mark if he had not been ejected in one game after picking up a second technical foul with eight minutes left to play. His extraordinary feats in the 1962 season were later subject of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193557", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Maravich\"\nantics. He was elected to the All-NBA First Team that year. The following season (1976–77) was his most productive in the NBA. He led the league in scoring with an average of 31.1 points per game. He scored 40 points or more in 13 different games, and 50 or more in 4 games. His 68-point masterpiece against the Knicks was at the time the most points ever scored by a guard in a single game, and only two players at any position had ever scored more: Wilt Chamberlain and Elgin Baylor. Baylor was head coach of the Jazz at that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13603242", "chunk_text": "\"Carmelo Anthony\"\nthe Knicks' franchise record, and the Madison Square Garden record for single-game scoring with a 62-point, 13-rebound, 0 turnover effort against the Charlotte Bobcats. On January 30, 2014, in a 117-86 victory against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Anthony became the 50th NBA player to score 19,000 career points. In doing so at the age of 29 years and 246 days old, Anthony became the 5th-youngest NBA player to achieve the feat, only beaten by LeBron James (27 years and 111 days), Kobe Bryant (28 and 223), Michael Jordan (29 and 62) and Wilt Chamberlain (29 and 75). On February 5, 2014,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16611833", "chunk_text": "\"Player efficiency rating\"\nthis season. Hollinger has set up PER so that the league average, every season, is 15.00, which produces sort of a handy reference guide: Only 21 times has a player posted a season efficiency rating over 30.0 (with more than 15 games played in that season), with the highest score being 31.82 (Wilt Chamberlain). Michael Jordan and LeBron James lead with four 30+ seasons, with Shaquille O'Neal and Wilt Chamberlain having accomplished three each, and David Robinson, Dwyane Wade, Chris Paul, Tracy McGrady, Anthony Davis, Stephen Curry and Russell Westbrook having accomplished one each. The 2008–2009 season was unique in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17143895", "chunk_text": "\"Kyrie Irving\"\na half. On March 12, 2015, Irving scored a career-high 57 points, including a buzzer-beating three-point shot to send the Cavaliers into overtime, in a 128-125 win over the San Antonio Spurs. It was the most points for a player in a regular-season game against the defending champion since January 14, 1962, when Wilt Chamberlain scored 62 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a loss to the Celtics. The effort also surpassed the Cavaliers' franchise single-game scoring mark of 56 points, set by LeBron James against the Toronto Raptors on March 3, 2005. Irving helped the Cavaliers win 34 of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13195950", "chunk_text": "\"John Stockton\"\nrecord for the most games and consecutive games played with one team, and is third in total games played, behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Robert Parish. He had previously held the record for most seasons played with one team until the 2015–16 NBA season, when that record was broken by Kobe Bryant. He missed only 22 games during his career, 18 of them in one season. He played in 38 games where he tallied 20 or more assists. On February 1, 1995, Stockton broke Magic Johnson's record of 9,921 career assists in a game in Salt Lake City against the Denver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19866137", "chunk_text": "\"Four-point play\"\nBasketball Association during its inaugural season. The National Basketball Association (NBA) introduced that rule in 1979; FIBA in 1984; the NCAA in 1986 (men only) and 1987 (women); middle and high schools in 1987; and the WNBA in 1997. Sam Smith of the Chicago Bulls completed the first four-point play in NBA history on October 21, 1979, in a game against the Milwaukee Bucks. Dale Ellis was the first player in NBA history to complete two four-point plays in the same game when he did so in a win against the Sacramento Kings on January 26, 1988. On April 29,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6328394", "chunk_text": "\"Double (basketball)\"\nreferred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game. Another such double-double is called a triple-double-double (also referred to as 30–30). The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game. The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the season:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842018", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Jordan\"\nminute. After he scored a playoff record 63 points against the Boston Celtics on April 20, 1986, Bird described him as \"\"God disguised as Michael Jordan\"\". Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles. He was also a fixture on the NBA All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times (NBA record shared with Gary Payton, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant). Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game, respectively. By 1998, the season of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6494155", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nin his career. He was closing in on 4,000 points for the season, needing 237 more; no other player had ever scored 3,000 points at that point. On December 8, 1961, in a triple overtime game versus the Los Angeles Lakers, he set a new NBA record by scoring 78 points, breaking the record of 71 previously set by Elgin Baylor. Legendary Laker broadcaster Chick Hearn often told the story that after the game, he asked Baylor if it bothered him that Chamberlain had an extra 15 minutes to break the record. According to Hearn, Baylor said he wasn't concerned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17648897", "chunk_text": "\"1961–62 Philadelphia Warriors season\"\nBasketball Association as one of its greatest games, took place between the Philadelphia Warriors and the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hersheypark Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Warriors won the game, 169–147, setting what was then a record for the most combined points in a game by both teams. But the game is most remembered for the 100 points scored by Warriors center Wilt Chamberlain, who set the NBA single-game scoring record. The next leading scorer for Philadelphia was Phil Attles with 17 points. The Knicks leading scorer was Guerin with 39 points. In that game, Chamberlain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18131808", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nHe was also responsible for several rule changes, including widening the lane from 12 to 16 feet, as well as changes to rules regarding inbounding the ball and shooting free throws. Chamberlain is most remembered for his 100-point game, which is widely considered one of basketball's greatest records. Decades after his record, many NBA \"\"teams\"\" did not even average 100 points as fewer field goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in 2006. Bryant afterwards said Chamberlain's record was \"\"unthinkable ... It's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20990604", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nthe book \"\"Wilt, 1962\"\" by Gary M. Pomerantz (2005), who used Chamberlain as a metaphor for the uprising of Black America. In addition to Chamberlain's regular-season accomplishments, he scored 42 points in the 1962 NBA All-Star Game; a record that stood until broken by Anthony Davis in 2017. In the 1962 NBA Playoffs, the Warriors met the Boston Celtics again in the Eastern Division Finals, a team which Bob Cousy and Bill Russell called the greatest Celtics team of all time. Each team won their home games, so the series was split at three after six games. In a closely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4442886", "chunk_text": "\"Assist (basketball)\"\nheld by the Milwaukee Bucks, on December 26, 1978. The NBA single-game assist individual record is 30, held by Scott Skiles of the Orlando Magic on December 30, 1990. The NBA record for most career assists is held by John Stockton, with 15,806, Stockton also holds the NBA single season assist per game record with 14.5 during the 1989-1990 regular season. The highest career assist per game average in NBA history is held by Magic Johnson, with 11.2 assist per game. Assist (basketball) In basketball, an assist is attributed to a player who passes the ball to a teammate in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8626914", "chunk_text": "\"Efficiency (basketball)\"\nentire league (not true of EFF), and serves as a simple benchmark against which any player may be quickly compared to indicate his approximate net worth to an NBA franchise. Teams intending to compete for the championship typically seek to enlist at least two star players with high efficiency ratings above the low twenties. A PER of 30 over a span of more than a few games is considered exceptionally high. According to the modified PER formula used at Basketball-Reference.com, the highest PER ever achieved over an entire single season in the NBA was 31.84 by Wilt Chamberlain in 1962/63.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287607", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nthe Milwaukee Bucks 171–166 in triple overtime on March 6, 1982, for a total of 337 points. That record was broken more quickly as the Detroit Pistons defeated the Denver Nuggets 186–184 (also in triple overtime) on December 13, 1983, for 370 points. Pomerantz wrote in his 2005 book that the lack of videotape of the 100-point game \"\"only added to its mystique.\"\" For a while, NBA Commissioner David Stern's office phone would play Campbell's call of the 100-point basket to callers on hold: \"\"He made it! He made it! He made it! A Dipper Dunk!\"\" Kerry Ryman, who was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1800491", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Twyman\"\nJack Twyman John Kennedy Twyman (May 21, 1934 – May 30, 2012) was an American professional basketball player and sports broadcaster. Twyman, a 6'6\"\" forward from the University of Cincinnati, spent eleven seasons in the NBA as a member of the Rochester/Cincinnati Royals. Twyman and Wilt Chamberlain became the first players in NBA history to average more than 30 points per game in a single season when they both accomplished that feat during the 1959–60 season. He scored his career-high 59 points in a game that same season. Twyman was named to the All-NBA Second Team in both 1960 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2947328", "chunk_text": "\"Kobe Bryant\"\nBryant averaged 43.4 points per game, the eighth highest single month scoring average in NBA history and highest for any player other than Chamberlain. By the end of the 2005–06 season, Bryant set Lakers single-season franchise records for most 40-point games (27) and most points scored (2,832). He won the league's scoring title for the first time by averaging 35.4 points per game, becoming just the fifth player in league history to average at least 35 in a season. Bryant finished in fourth place in the voting for the 2006 NBA Most Valuable Player Award but received 22 first place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16789658", "chunk_text": "\"George Yardley\"\nsclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, at the age of 75. George Yardley George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 13, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname \"\"Yardbird\"\" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4713736", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Fulks\"\nscored 63 points on February 10, 1949. It remained the most in an NBA game until Elgin Baylor scored 64 points in a 1959 game. Fulks' 63-point outburst came during a Warriors 108-87 victory over the Indianapolis Jets. Fulks made 27 of 56 field goal attempts and nine of 14 free throws. Along the way he shattered the record for most points in one half (33), field goals, and field goal attempts. The 6'5\"\" (1.96 m) Fulks was known both for his athletic drives to the basket as well as his shooting. He was perhaps most remembered as one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20457554", "chunk_text": "\"James Harden\"\nhe recorded his seventh triple-double of the season with 30 points, 13 rebounds and 10 assists in a 140–116 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On December 31, 2016, Harden recorded yet another triple-double with 53 points, 17 assists and 16 rebounds in a 129–122 win over the New York Knicks, becoming the first player in NBA history to finish with a 50-15-15 stat line. He tied Wilt Chamberlain for the most points in a triple-double in NBA history—Chamberlain pulled the feat during the 1967–68 season, with 53 points, 32 rebounds and 14 assists. Harden set career highs for points", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9283267", "chunk_text": "\"Field goal (basketball)\"\nthe National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and high school basketball. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar holds the NBA record for field goals made in a career with 15,837. Wilt Chamberlain, one of the most prolific scorers of all time, holds the top four spots for most field goals made in a season and has the two top field goal percentages for a season. One of the greatest field-goal shooters of all time is Michael Jordan, who led the NBA in field goals made ten times. Shaquille O'Neal has the record for most seasons (10) with the best field goal percentage, and Artis Gilmore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10755827", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nbecause \"\"someday that guy is going to score 100\"\". Rival center Bill Russell predicted, \"\"[Chamberlain] has the size, strength, and stamina to score one hundred some night.\"\" In a high school game in 1955, Chamberlain had scored 90 points in a 123–21 victory. \"\"The Philadelphia Inquirer\"\" wrote, \"\"Chamberlain might have hit 100 if he had played the entire 32 minutes.\"\" Before Chamberlain, the most dominant big man in the NBA was George Mikan. In November 1950, the Fort Wayne Pistons held the ball for minutes at a time without shooting to limit the impact of the Minneapolis Lakers' Mikan. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10755861", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nCeltics, losing the seventh game 109–107. The closest Chamberlain came again to 100 was 73 and 72 points the next season, when he also averaged 44.8 points. The NBA in 1964 widened the lane from to to limit Chamberlain, and he averaged 36.9 that season. The anniversary of the game was not widely commemorated until its silver anniversary in 1987. By that time, the NBA had grown to be a popular sports league with average attendance of 13,000 fans per game and star players such as Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, and Michael Jordan. The Warriors' PR director Harvey Pollack said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8626915", "chunk_text": "\"Efficiency (basketball)\"\nNo other player surpassed 30 until Michael Jordan in 1987/88 with a PER of 31.71. Since then, Jordan repeated the accomplishment three more times, and the milestone has also since been eclipsed by David Robinson, Stephen Curry, Shaquille O'Neal (three times), Tracy McGrady, Dwyane Wade, LeBron James (four times) and Anthony Davis. No PER statistics are available pre-1951/52 as the 'minutes played' statistic was first recorded during that season. Some currently active NBA players known for consistently high efficiency ratings include, LeBron James, Chris Paul, Russell Westbrook, Dwyane Wade, Kevin Durant, Dirk Nowitzki and Dwight Howard. Player efficiency rating NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13603246", "chunk_text": "\"Carmelo Anthony\"\nNBA history to reach the milestone just behind LeBron James (28 years, 17 days), Kobe Bryant (29 years, 122 days), Wilt Chamberlain (29 years, 134 days), Michael Jordan (29 years, 326 days) and Oscar Robertson (30 years, 97 days). Anthony accomplished this at the age of 30 years and 157 days and in a total of 793 NBA games, tied for 15th all-time in number of games needed to score at least 20,000 points. On January 22, 2015, Anthony was named as a starter in the 2015 NBA All-Star Game, his seventh consecutive start and eight overall alongside LeBron James,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18865692", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nWilt Chamberlain Wilton Norman Chamberlain (; August 21, 1936 – October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player who played center position and is considered one of the most prominent and dominant players in NBA history. He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA. Chamberlain stood tall, and weighed as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over with the Lakers. Chamberlain holds numerous NBA records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10992752", "chunk_text": "\"Golden State Warriors\"\nin the 1955–56 season, defeating the Fort Wayne Pistons four games to one. The Warrior stars of this era were future Hall of Famers Paul Arizin, Tom Gola and Neil Johnston. In 1959, the team signed draft pick Wilt Chamberlain. Known as \"\"Wilt the Stilt\"\", he led the team in scoring six times, quickly began shattering NBA scoring records and changed the NBA style of play forever. On March 2, 1962, in a Warrior \"\"home\"\" game played on a neutral court in Hershey, Pennsylvania, Chamberlain scored 100 points against the New York Knicks, a single-game record the NBA ranks among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2489815", "chunk_text": "Basketball\nfirst dominating \"\"big man\"\"; ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy and defensive genius Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics; charismatic center Wilt Chamberlain, who originally played for the barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters; all-around stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry West; more recent big men Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon and Karl Malone; playmakers John Stockton, Isiah Thomas and Steve Nash; crowd-pleasing forwards Julius Erving and Charles Barkley; European stars Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol and Tony Parker; more recent superstars LeBron James, Allen Iverson and Kobe Bryant; and the three players who many credit with ushering the professional game to its highest level of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18717287", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Miller (basketball player)\"\nin a game set in February 1999. The two previous games Miller hit seven threes. This made him the first NBA player to hit at least seven three-pointers in three consecutive games since the Dallas Mavericks' George McCloud achieved it in 1996. Miller holds the Memphis Grizzlies franchise record for most points scored in a single game, with 45 on February 21, 2007, against the Golden State Warriors. After the 2006–07 NBA season, Miller was announced as a member of the USA Basketball team. On June 26, 2008, Miller, Brian Cardinal, Jason Collins, and the 5th pick of the 2008", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18131751", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nof the NBA's greatest on-court rivalries of all time. Nevertheless, the two also became friends off the court, similar to later rivals Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. In his first NBA season, Chamberlain averaged 37.6 points and 27 rebounds, convincingly breaking the previous regular-season records. He needed only 56 games to score 2,102 points, which broke the all-time regular season scoring record of Bob Pettit, who needed 72 games to score 2,101 points. Chamberlain broke eight NBA records, and was named NBA MVP and Rookie of the Year that season, a feat matched only by fellow Hall-of-Famer Wes Unseld in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16874425", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Pierce\"\npoints for the 15th straight season, becoming the only active NBA player and the sixth player in NBA history to score 1,000 points in 15 straight seasons (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, John Havlicek, Elvin Hayes, Robert Parish). He passed Allen Iverson and Patrick Ewing on the NBA's all-time scoring list (moved up to 18th in NBA history), moved into fifth place in all-time NBA history with 1935 career three-pointers made, and had his most steals (86) in a season since 2007–08. He came off the bench more times in 2013–14 (seven games) than he did in his previous 15 seasons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8130994", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Curry\"\ndid so in 2008–09. Curry also surpassed Kyle Korver's mark of 127 straight games with a three-pointer. In the following game two days later, the Warriors defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder in overtime thanks to a Curry three-pointer with 0.6 seconds remaining. Curry finished with 46 points as his winning shot was his 12th three-pointer, tying the NBA single-game record (with Kobe Bryant and Donyell Marshall). He also broke his own NBA record for threes in a season, leaving the new mark at 288. On March 7, in a win over the Orlando Magic, Curry scored 41 points and became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18638600", "chunk_text": "\"John Havlicek\"\nabout this in his memoir \"\"Calling the Shots\"\", called Havlicek's reaction one of the greatest plays he ever saw in his 32 years as a professional official. Havlicek is the Celtics' all-time leader in points and games played, scoring 26,395 points (20.8 points per game, 13th all-time in points scored in the NBA), and playing in 1,270 games (17th all-time). He became the first player to score 1,000 points in 16 consecutive seasons, with his best season coming during the 1970–71 NBA season when he averaged 28.9 points per game. Havlicek shares the NBA Finals single-game record for most points", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2795939", "chunk_text": "\"Dwyane Wade\"\ngame of scoring in double figures in a double overtime thriller against the Chicago Bulls, in which he scored the game-winning three-point basket to secure a 130–127 win. Wade finished with 48 points on 71.4% shooting, 12 assists, 6 rebounds, 4 steals and 3 blocks in 50 minutes. According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wade joined Wilt Chamberlain as the only other player in NBA history to score that many points and have that many assists in a game, while having as high of a field goal percentage. Two games later, Wade surpassed Alonzo Mourning and became the Heat's all-time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7887331", "chunk_text": "\"David Robinson (basketball)\"\nvery small group of players to have scored over 20,000 career points in the NBA, as well as being one of only four players to have recorded a quadruple-double (with 34 points, 10 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 blocks against the Detroit Pistons on February 17, 1994). He is also one of only six players to record 70 or more points in a single game. Robinson scored 71 points against the Los Angeles Clippers on April 24, 1994. Only Elgin Baylor (71 points), Wilt Chamberlain (70, 72, 73 twice, 78, 100 points), David Thompson (73 points), Devin Booker (70 points),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11753507", "chunk_text": "\"Nikola Jokić\"\nPhoenix Suns. He joined Wilt Chamberlain as the only players in NBA history to post a triple-double with 30 or more points without missing a field goal—Chamberlain did it twice, in 1966 and 1967. He also became just the second Nugget to record a triple-double in the first two games of the season, joining Fat Lever. Jokić went on to earn Western Conference Player of the Week honors for the first week of the season, becoming the sixth player in franchise history to win the award three or more times, joining Alex English, Dikembe Mutombo, Carmelo Anthony, Allen Iverson and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15206291", "chunk_text": "\"50 Greatest Players in NBA History\"\nteams on the list—Wilt Chamberlain with the 1966–67 Sixers and 1971–72 Lakers; James Edwards, Dennis Rodman, and John Salley with the 1988–89 Pistons and 1995–96 Bulls; and Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen with the Bulls in both 1991–92 and 1995–96. Three other individuals both played for and coached honored teams, all of whom completed this \"\"double\"\" with a single franchise—K. C. Jones with the Celtics as a player in 1964–65 and coach in 1985–86, Billy Cunningham with the Sixers as a player in 1966–67 and coach in 1982–83, and Pat Riley with the Lakers as a player in 1971–72 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356028", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Jordan\"\nfor points in a playoff game with 63 in Game 2. The Celtics, however, managed to sweep the series. Jordan had completely recovered in time for the 1986–87 season, and he had one of the most prolific scoring seasons in NBA history. He became the only player other than Wilt Chamberlain to score 3,000 points in a season, averaging a league high 37.1 points on 48.2% shooting. In addition, Jordan demonstrated his defensive prowess, as he became the first player in NBA history to record 200 steals and 100 blocked shots in a season. Despite Jordan's success, Magic Johnson won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10270125", "chunk_text": "\"James Harden\"\nblock in a 105–96 win over the Detroit Pistons. He became just the fourth NBA player in the last 25 years to post those totals in a single game and matched the third-highest point total for any NBA player in his team debut (most for Rockets debut). Two days later, he scored 45 points against the Atlanta Hawks. His 82 total points were the most scored by a player in his first two games with a team in NBA history, surpassing the previous mark held by Wilt Chamberlain, who scored 79 points in his first two career games with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4009083", "chunk_text": "\"Allen Iverson\"\nthe NBA scoring title during the 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02, and 2004–05 seasons, Iverson was one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history, despite his relatively small stature (listed at 6 feet, 0 inches). His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks seventh all-time, and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan. Iverson was also the NBA Most Valuable Player of the 2000–01 season and led his team to the 2001 NBA Finals the same season. Iverson represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics, winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1838933", "chunk_text": "\"Points per game\"\nthe points-per-game statistic has the advantage of factoring in the breadth of scenarios in which the player is effective, in that a player effective in many different scenarios will play more minutes per game and therefore contribute more to the team's overall performance, it still fails to distinguish between an ineffective player, an effective \"\"pinch\"\"/\"\"clutch\"\" offensive player, and a player assuming a primarily defensive role in a position whose title does not necessarily make the nature of his/her role obvious (\"\"e.g.\"\", basketball forward and star rebounder Dennis Rodman). Points per game Points per game, often abbreviated PPG, is the average", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1231046", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Russell\"\ncoach in major U.S. professional sports when he succeeded Red Auerbach. In his first NBA full season (1957–58), Russell became the first player in NBA history to average more than 20 rebounds per game for an entire season, a feat he accomplished 10 times in his 13 seasons. Russell's 51 rebounds in a single game is the second-highest performance ever, trailing only Chamberlain's all-time record of 55. He still holds the NBA record for rebounds in one half with 32 (vs. Philadelphia, on November 16, 1957). Career-wise in rebounds, Russell ranks second to Wilt Chamberlain in regular season total (21,620)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_770	where is natural gas found in the us?	n/a	[ "Louisiana", "Pennsylvania", "Wyoming", "Arkansas", "New Mexico", "West Virginia", "Colorado", "Texas" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612241", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nprice of natural gas has been relatively cheap on the North American market, especially compared to oil. Electricity from oil-powered generators in the US declined 81 percent from 2005 to 2014. The states which use the most natural gas for electricity production are, in descending order, Texas, Florida, California, and New York. Liquefied petroleum gas includes the butane and propane natural gas liquids removed in gas processing. They are sold for home heating, cooking, and increasingly for motor fuel. The industry segment is represented by the National Propane Gas Association. Natural gas, in the forms of compressed natural gas, liquified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11744053", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\npipelines were under construction to carry cheaper gas from Pennsylvania to New England. Natural gas in the United States Natural gas in the United States was the nation's largest source of energy production in 2016, representing 33 percent of all energy produced in the country. Natural gas has been the largest source of electrical generation in the United States since July 2015. The United States has been the world's largest producer of natural gas since 2009, when it surpassed Russia. In 2012, the United States produced 25.3 trillion cubic feet of marketed natural gas, with an average wellhead value of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612222", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nIn 2013, the country produced 30.0 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of marketed gas. The leading gas-producing area in the United States in 2013 was Texas (7,545 Billion cubic feet (BCF), followed by Pennsylvania (3,259 BCF), and Louisiana (2,407 BCF). US Natural gas production achieved new record highs for each year from 2011 through 2015. Marketed natural gas production in 2015 was 28.8 trillion cubic feet, a 5.4% increase over 2014, and a 52% increase over the production of 18.9 trillion cubic feet per day in 2005. The natural gas industry includes exploration for, production, processing, transportation, storage, and marketing of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612221", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nNatural gas in the United States Natural gas in the United States was the nation's largest source of energy production in 2016, representing 33 percent of all energy produced in the country. Natural gas has been the largest source of electrical generation in the United States since July 2015. The United States has been the world's largest producer of natural gas since 2009, when it surpassed Russia. In 2012, the United States produced 25.3 trillion cubic feet of marketed natural gas, with an average wellhead value of $2.66 per thousand cubic feet, for a total wellhead value of $67.3 billion.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612223", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nnatural gas and natural gas liquids. The exploration for and production of natural gas and petroleum form a single industry, and many wells produce both oil and gas. Because of the greater supply, consumer prices for natural gas are significantly lower in the United States than in Europe and Japan. The low price of natural gas, together with its smaller carbon footprint compared to coal, has encouraged a rapid growth in electricity generated from natural gas. Between 2005 and 2014, US production of natural gas liquids (NGLs) increased 70%, from 1.74 million barrels per day in 2005 to 2.96 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612254", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\ngas pipelines. The North American market, consisting of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, all connected by a common pipeline network, has had much lower gas prices in recent years than some other major world gas markets, such as Europe (since 2010), Japan (since 2008), and Korea. The United States is connected by pipeline to Canada and Mexico. The US has long imported large quantities of gas from Canada, and exported smaller quantities to some parts of eastern Canada. In 2014, the US imported 2,634 BCF from Canada, and exported 769 BCF, so that net imports from Canada totaled 1,865", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612243", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nup 0.13 percent of natural gas consumption in 2014. The natural gas industry in the United States goes back to 1821, when natural gas was discovered and used in Fredonia, New York. From the start, the market for natural gas was limited by pipeline technology. The gas for Fredonia, New York in 1821 was supplied through wooden pipes, which were incapable of carrying gas for long distances. In the 1800s, residences in most cities were supplied with town gas generated from coal at local \"\"gashouses.\"\" The gas was carried in cast iron pipes, introduced in 1843, typically with bell-and-spigot joints", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11744052", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\na capacity of 0.2 BCF per day, is owned by ConocoPhillips, and has been exporting LNG since 1969. Most exported LNG went to Japan. The New England States are connected by pipeline to the rest of the US and to Canada, but the existing pipelines are insufficient to supply the winter demand. For this reason, a quarter of New England's demand for gas is supplied by more-expensive LNG. Four LNG import terminals serve New England, but most LNG imported to New England arrives through the Everett terminal in Boston, and the Canaport terminal in New Brunswick, Canada. As of 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7677905", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\ncrude pipelines of bamboo to where it was used to boil salt water to extract the salt, in the Ziliujing District of Sichuan. The world's first industrial extraction of natural gas started at Fredonia, New York, United States, in 1825. By 2009, 66 000 km³ (or 8%) had been used out of the total 850 000 km³ of estimated remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas. Based on an estimated 2015 world consumption rate of about 3400 km³ of gas per year, the total estimated remaining economically recoverable reserves of natural gas would last 250 years at current consumption rates. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612231", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nthe oil and the gas are treated separately. Gas flows through a gathering system into a pipeline to a gas processing plant. As of 2014, there were 189,000 miles of interstate natural gas pipelines in the United States Natural gas has a variety of chemical constituents that must be removed or diluted with other gas to achieve consistent pipeline quality. Pipeline gas specifications vary from line to line, but generally the gas must contain no appreciable hydrogen sulfide (which is toxic), less than a few percent carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which is corrosive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19139852", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas pipeline system in the United States\"\nNatural gas pipeline system in the United States The US natural gas pipeline system is a complex system of pipelines that carries natural gas nationwide and for import and export for use by millions of people daily for their consumer and commercial needs. Across the country, there are more than 210 pipeline systems that total more than 305,000 miles of interstate and intrastate pipelines. Of the lower 48 US states, those with the most natural gas pipeline running through them are Texas (58,588 miles), Louisiana (18,900), Oklahoma (18,539), Kansas (15,386), Illinois (11,900) and California (11,770). The states with the least", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11744047", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\n0.4 billion cubic feet per day. The US Energy Information Administration projected that net exports would grow to 4.6 billion cubic feet per day in 2019. Export growth was driven by pipeline exports to Mexico and Canada, although the US continued to import more from Canada than it exports to that country. In addition, exports of liquefied natural gas increased. Natural gas depends on pipelines for economical transport. Without pipeline connections, natural gas must be transported as liquefied natural gas (LNG), an expensive process. For this reason, the price of natural gas tends to differ between regions not connected by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612224", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nbarrels per day in 2014. The US has been the world's leading producer of natural gas liquids since 2010, when US NGL production passed that of Saudi Arabia. Although the United States leads the world in natural gas production, it is only fifth in proved reserves of natural gas, behind Russia, Iran, Qatar, and Turkmenistan. The United States oil and gas industry is often informally divided into \"\"upstream\"\" (exploration and production), \"\"midstream\"\" (transportation and refining), and \"\"downstream\"\" (distribution and marketing). Petroleum and natural gas share a common upstream (exploration and production) sector, but the midstream and downstream sectors are largely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6122775", "chunk_text": "\"Energy policy of the United States\"\ngas. In 2008 consumption of natural gas stood at , while domestic production was at . Approximately were imported, mainly by pipelines from Canada, which accounted for 90% of foreign supplies, while the remainder is delivered by liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers carrying gas from five different countries. The largest gas producing states in 2007 were Texas (30%), Wyoming (10%), Oklahoma (9%) and New Mexico (8%), while 14% of the country's production came from the federal offshore lands in the Gulf of Mexico. Recent development in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have increased interest for shale gas across the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612234", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nNatural gas liquids are used either for fuel (sold as propane, or liquid petroleum gas (LPG), or for feedstock to the petrochemical industry. The United States has been the world's top producer of NGLs since 2010, and is far above second place Saudi Arabia, which produced 1.82 million barrels per day in 2015. Increased production of NGLs since 2000 has lowered the price of NGLs in the North American market, leading to a surge in construction and expansion of petrochemical plants to convert ethane and propane into ethylene and propylene, which are used to make plastics. The United States has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11744049", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nBCF. The United States has exported increasing volumes to Mexico over the past decade. In 2014, the US exported 728.5 BCF to Mexico, and imported 1.4 BCF, so that net exports to Mexico totaled 727 BCF. The cost of net imports peaked at US$29.7 billion in 2005; the cost of net imports was $5.9 billion in 2014. The United States became a net exporter of liquified natural gas in 2016. Principal markets for US LNG are Mexico, South Korea, China, and Japan. In past years, when experts were projecting gas shortages in North America, utility companies built liquified natural gas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612244", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nsealed with rope and molten lead. In the 1800s and early 1900s, most natural gas discoveries were made while exploring for oil. Natural gas was usually an unwanted byproduct of oil production. In the 1870s steel pipe replaced cast iron. In 1883, Pittsburgh became the first major city supplied with natural gas. Other cities followed, but only if they were close to natural gas wells. Because natural gas was a byproduct, it was priced cheaply, and, where available, undercut the market for town gas. In 1891, one of the longest pipelines of the time was built, a 120-mile long pipeline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612228", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nother gas fields, called \"\"dry gas\"\" fields, produce only gas. Of the top ten gas-producing fields in the US, only one, the Eagle Ford trend, is also among the top ten oil fields. Coalbed methane production in the US peaked at 1.97 BCF in 2008, when it made up 7.8 percent of US gas production. By 2013, coalbed methane production had declined to 1.47 BCF. Since 2000, shale gas has become a key source of natural gas in the US. Production rose sixfold from 2007 to 2013, when shale gas contributed 11.4 TCF, 38 percent of US gas production, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612236", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nwas 12 percent of US supply of elemental sulfur (the remaining sulfur production came from oil refineries). Consumption of natural gas in the US is strongly seasonal, higher in the winter than the summer by between 50% to 90%, depending on severity of the winter. To make larger volumes of gas available in the winter, companies have established underground gas storage facilities. There are three types of natural gas storage units currently in service in the US: salt domes, depleted gas reservoirs, and deep aquifers. The largest volume held in storage was 8.29 trillion cubic feet in October 2012. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612235", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nthe world's largest ethylene-manufacturing capacity, 28.4 million tons per year in 2015, with projects to add another 7.6 million tons from 2015 through 2017. As of 2015, the reduction in NGL prices had turned North America from one of the high-cost places to manufacture petrochemical, into the lowest-cost area outside the Middle East. Some natural gas contains enough helium to be extracted as a byproduct. Sulfur, which must be removed from natural gas for safety, aesthetic, and environmental reasons, is recovered and sold as a byproduct. In 2013, natural gas processing plants recovered 1.02 million metric tons of sulfur, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16875783", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas prices\"\ndecrease the supply available in that market. On the other hand, technical developments in engineering methods can lead to more abundant supply. Imports are a source of supply. In North America, gas is imported from several countries, Canada and the US as well as abroad in the form of LNG from countries such as Trinidad, Algeria and Nigeria. The chart shows a 75-year history of annual United States natural gas production and average wellhead prices from 1930 through 2005. Prices paid by consumers were increased above those levels by processing and distribution costs. Production is shown in billions of cubic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2529445", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\nNatural gas Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium. It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in the gas. Natural gas is a fossil fuel used as a source of energy for heating,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612242", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nnatural gas, and liquified petroleum gas, is being increasingly used for motor vehicle fuel, especially in fleet vehicles. It has the advantages over gasoline and diesel fuel of being cheaper and emitting less air pollution. It has the disadvantage of having few retail outlets. As of 2011, 262,000 vehicles in the US ran on natural gas. Although natural gas used for vehicle fuel increased 60 percent in the decade 2004-2014, in 2014 it still made up only 3.7 percent on a BTU-basis of fossil fuel use (gasoline, diesel, and natural gas) as transportation fuel in the US. Transportation fuel made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9114417", "chunk_text": "\"Energy policy of the United States\"\nStates in recent years. Leading fields are the Barnett Shale in Texas and the Antrim Shale in Michigan. Natural gas reserves in the United States were 35% higher in 2008 than two years earlier largely due to shale gas discoveries. Rapid increase in shale gas production by 2018, has converted the country from a natural gas importer to an exporter and the largest producer of natural gas. LNG and CNG are being used in the transport sector to replace the costlier liquid fuels. Natural gas, which was earlier used as fuel mainly, is also diversifying in the form of feed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15861774", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\ndiesel, jet fuel and aromatic chemicals directly from natural gas via a single-loop process. In 2011, Royal Dutch Shell's per day F–T plant went into operation in Qatar. Natural gas can be \"\"associated\"\" (found in oil fields), or \"\"non-associated\"\" (isolated in natural gas fields), and is also found in coal beds (as coalbed methane). It sometimes contains a significant amount of ethane, propane, butane, and pentane—heavier hydrocarbons removed for commercial use prior to the methane being sold as a consumer fuel or chemical plant feedstock. Non-hydrocarbons such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium (rarely), and hydrogen sulfide must also be removed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6891750", "chunk_text": "\"National Fuel Gas\"\nNational Fuel Gas The Utility segment sells natural gas or provides natural gas transportation services to more than 740,000 customers through a local distribution system located in western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania. The Pipeline and Storage segment provides interstate natural gas transportation and storage services for affiliated and non-affiliated companies through an integrated system of 2,972 miles of pipeline and 31 underground natural gas storage fields (including 4 storage fields co-owned with nonaffiliated companies). The Exploration and Production segment, headquartered in Houston, Texas, explores for, develops and produces natural gas and oil reserves in California and the Appalachia Region.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8871734", "chunk_text": "\"Offshore oil and gas in the United States\"\nOffshore oil and gas in the United States Offshore oil and gas in the United States provides a large portion of the nation’s oil and gas supply. Large oil and gas reservoirs are found under the sea offshore from Louisiana, Texas, California, and Alaska. Environmental concerns have prevented or restricted offshore drilling in some areas, and the issue has been hotly debated at the local and national levels. From 1954 to 2007, federal offshore tracts produced of oil and of natural gas. In 2007, federal offshore tracts produced 27% of the oil and 14% of the natural gas in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15861790", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\nconvert raw natural gas into sales gas pipelined to the end user markets. The block flow diagram also shows how processing of the raw natural gas yields byproduct sulfur, byproduct ethane, and natural gas liquids (NGL) propane, butanes and natural gasoline (denoted as pentanes +). As of 2018, natural gas production in the US has peaked twice, with current levels exceeding both previous peaks. It reached 24.1 million cubic feet in 1973, followed by a decline, and reached 24.5 million cubic feet in 2001. After a brief drop, withdrawls have been increasing nearly every year since 2006, with 2017 production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612230", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\n6 million BTU in the natural gas) as equal to one barrel of oil equivalent. Since the price of natural gas was deregulated in the 1990s, its price has tended to parallel that of oil, with oil usually at a premium on a BTU basis. But starting in the late 2000s, an abundance of natural gas in North America has caused the price of a unit of energy from gas to be much lower than the price of energy from oil. When oil and natural gas are brought to the surface, they are usually separated at the wellhead, after which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612233", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nsold to refineries the same as oil. The C2 through C5 hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) are known as natural gas liquids (NGLs), and remain in gaseous form until they are extracted at a gas processing plant. The division between the two classes is not perfect: some hexane, and heptane remain in the gas to be separated out as NGLs, while some butane and pentane, may separate out with the condensate. Natural gas which contains NGLs is called \"\"wet gas.\"\" Gas which naturally contains no NGLs, or gas from which the NGLs have been removed, is called \"\"dry gas.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612256", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\n(LNG) import terminals along the coast. Net imports of LNG peaked in 2007, but have since decreased. In 2014, the US imported 59 BCF of LNG gas, and exported 16 BCF, so that net LNG imports amounted to 43 BCF. Most imported LNG was from Trinidad and Tobago. Long-term LNG contracts usually tie the price of LNG to the oil price. In 2010, after the price of US natural gas fell below that of world markets, US companies have proposed establishing a number of LNG export terminals. A number of these proposals involve converting inactive LNG import terminals to handle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2529446", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\ncooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as a fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals. Fossil fuel based natural gas is a non-renewable resource. Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates. Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found in close proximity to and with natural gas. Most natural gas were created over time by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612232", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nto iron and steel pipe), and a British thermal unit (BTU) content of 900 or more. Natural gas delivered to consumers generally has a BTU content of about 1020 to 1050 per standard cubic foot, slightly higher than that of pure methane (1010 BTU). Natural gas is composed primarily of methane, but often contains longer-chain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon compounds from hexane (each molecule of which is a simple chain containing six carbon atoms, hence called C6) and heavier generally separate out (\"\"condense\"\") from the gas at the wellhead; this mixture is called condensate, and is usually reported as oil production, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612226", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nMany wells produced both oil and gas, and oil wells produced 18 percent of US gas production in 2013. Of the gas wells, 1,105 were exploratory wells, and 15,591 development wells. The number of actively drilling gas rigs was once regarded as a reliable leading indicator of near-future gas production. However, the average number of active gas drill rigs has fallen each year for four straight years from 2010 (942 rigs) to 2014 (332 rigs), a drop of 65 percent, even while gas production rose each year for the same period, from 21.3 trillion cubic feet (TCF) in 2010 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11744051", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nLNG exports. Any proposals to export natural gas must be approved by the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), which gives its approval only if the project receives a satisfactory environmental review, and if FERC finds that the export terminal would be in the public interest. As of August 2015, 24 new LNG export terminals have been proposed, of which FERC has so far approved 6. Cheniere Energy expects to begin exporting LNG through its Sabine Pass terminal in January 2016. As of 2014, the only active LNG export terminal in the US was in Kenai, Alaska. The plant, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17686453", "chunk_text": "\"Shale gas in the United States\"\nShale gas in the United States Shale gas in the United States is rapidly increasing as an available source of natural gas. Led by new applications of hydraulic fracturing technology and horizontal drilling, development of new sources of shale gas has offset declines in production from conventional gas reservoirs, and has led to major increases in reserves of US natural gas. Largely due to shale gas discoveries, estimated reserves of natural gas in the United States in 2008 were 35% higher than in 2006. In 2007, shale gas fields included the #2 (Barnett/Newark East) and #13 (Antrim) sources of natural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15861775", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\nbefore the natural gas can be transported. Natural gas extracted from oil wells is called casinghead gas (whether or not truly produced up the annulus and through a casinghead outlet) or associated gas. The natural gas industry is extracting an increasing quantity of gas from challenging resource types: sour gas, tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane. There is some disagreement on which country has the largest proven gas reserves. Sources that consider that Russia has by far the largest proven reserves include the US CIA (47 600 km³), the US Energy Information Administration (47 800 km³), and OPEC (48", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612227", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\n25.7 TCF in 2014, an increase of 21 percent. Remaining proved reserves increased overall, from 301 TCF in 2013 to 338 TCF in 2013 (the last year for which reserves are available), an increase of 11 percent. The rise in gas production despite fewer rigs drilling has been explained by the greater efficiency in drilling, and the greater productivity of shale gas wells. Top producing gas fields in the United States, 2013 Most oil fields produce some gas, and vice versa, but the ratio of oil and gas varies considerably. Some gas fields, such as coalbed methane wells, and some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12465409", "chunk_text": "\"Domestic Prosperity and Global Freedom Act\"\nmaterial. Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must be processed to remove impurities, including water, to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas. The by-products of this processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide (which may be converted into pure sulfur), carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen. The world's first industrial extraction of natural gas started at Fredonia, New York, USA in 1825. By 2009, 66 trillion cubic meters (or 8%) had been used out of the total 850 trillion cubic meters of estimated remaining recoverable reserves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3637114", "chunk_text": "\"Shale gas\"\nShale gas Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States since the start of this century, and interest has spread to potential gas shales in the rest of the world. In 2000 shale gas provided only 1% of U.S. natural gas production; by 2010 it was over 20% and the U.S. government's Energy Information Administration predicts that by 2035, 46% of the United States' natural gas supply will come from shale gas. Some analysts expect that shale gas will greatly expand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9612245", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas in the United States\"\nfrom the gas fields of Indiana to Chicago, without compression. Long-distance high-pressure gas pipelines became feasible after oxyacetylene welding was introduced in 1911, and especially after electric arc welding became popular in the 1920s This allowed remote gas deposits to be supplied to big cities. Natural gas increasingly became a sought-for commodity. The prices charged by utilities delivering natural gas to customers have always been subject to state regulation. With the construction of interstate gas pipelines in the 1920s and 1930s, city utilities became dependent on natural gas supplies beyond the regulatory power of state and local governments. In 1935,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18256750", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas prices\"\ngas has a BTU value slightly higher than that of pure methane, which has 1,012 BTU per cubic foot. Natural gas as it comes out of the ground is most often predominantly methane, but may have a wide range of BTU values, from much lower (due to dilution by non-hydrocarbon gases) to much higher (due to the presence of ethane, propane, and heavier compounds) than standard pipeline-quality gas. The natural gas market in the United States is split between the financial (futures) market, based on the NYMEX futures contract, and the physical market, the price paid for actual deliveries of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11069627", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas storage\"\nof overall storage deliverability and 13 percent of working gas capacity in the US. As of January 2011, there are 124 underground storage facilities in Europe. The United States is typically broken out into three main regions when it comes to gas consumption and production. These are the consuming East, the consuming West and the producing South. The consuming east region, particularly the states in the northern part, heavily rely on stored gas to meet the peak demand during the cold winter months. Due to the prevailing cold winters, large population centers and developed infrastructure, it is not surprising that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2529448", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\ncarbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen. Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as \"\"gas\"\", especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal. However, it is not to be confused with gasoline, especially in North America, where the term gasoline is often shortened in colloquial usage to \"\"gas\"\". Natural gas was discovered accidentally in ancient China, as it resulted from the drilling for brines. Natural gas was first used by the Chinese in about 500 BC (possibly even 1000 BC). They discovered a way to transport gas seeping from the ground in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "268601", "chunk_text": "\"Natural-gas processing\"\nother solid or liquid matter, waxes, gums and gum forming constituents, which might damage or adversely affect operation of the buyers equipment. When an upset occurs on the treatment plant buyers can usually refuse to accept the gas, lower the flow rate or re-negotiate the price. If the gas has significant helium content, the helium may be recovered by fractional distillation. Natural gas may contain as much as 7% helium, and is the commercial source of the noble gas. For instance, the Hugoton Gas Field in Kansas and Oklahoma in the United States contains concentrations of helium from 0.3% to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16264248", "chunk_text": "\"Coalbed methane in the United States\"\nCoalbed methane in the United States The 2011 production of coalbed methane in the United States was 1.76 trillion cubic feet (TCF), 7.3 percent of all US dry gas production that year. The 2011 production was down from the peak of 1.97 TCF in 2008. Most coalbed methane production came from the Rocky Mountain states of Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico. Coalbed methane reserve estimates vary; however a 1997 estimate from the U.S. Geological Survey predicts more than of methane within the US. At a natural gas price of US$6.05 per million Btu (US$5.73/GJ), that volume is worth US$4.37 trillion.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19780562", "chunk_text": "\"21st-century fossil fuel regulations in the United States\"\nFrench explorers found Native Americans setting gas on fire that leaked into Lake Erie. In 1816, the U.S. first lighted the streets of Baltimore, Maryland. Then in 1821, the first successful natural gas well was dug in Fredonia, New York, which allowed for the American natural gas distribution company to be built there in 1858. And then in 1836, the first city-owned natural gas distribution company was created in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. While during the 1800s, natural gas was used mainly for lighting streets and homes, the creation of pipelines in the 1900s allowed for extensive use of it in home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4336730", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas prices\"\nthe commodity’s price. When the storage levels are low, a signal is being sent to the market indicating that there is a smaller supply cushion and prices will be rising. On the other hand, when storage levels are high, this sends a signal to the market that there is greater supply flexibility and prices will tend to drop. Exports are another source of demand. In North America, gas is exported within its forming countries, Canada, the US and Mexico as well as abroad to countries such as Japan. The supply for natural gas is mainly driven by the following factors:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15861779", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\nto flow in economical quantities, shale gas wells depend on fractures to allow the gas to flow. Early shale gas wells depended on natural fractures through which gas flowed; almost all shale gas wells today require fractures artificially created by hydraulic fracturing. Since 2000, shale gas has become a major source of natural gas in the United States and Canada. Because of increased shale gas production, the United States is now the number one natural gas producer in the world. Following the success in the United States, shale gas exploration is beginning in countries such as Poland, China, and South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15861829", "chunk_text": "\"Natural gas\"\ndecrease in pressure in the reservoir. Such decrease in pressure in turn may result in subsidence, sinking of the ground above. Subsidence may affect ecosystems, waterways, sewer and water supply systems, foundations, and so on. Releasing natural gas from subsurface porous rock formations may be accomplished by a process called hydraulic fracturing or \"\"fracking\"\". It's estimated that hydraulic fracturing will eventually account for nearly 70% of natural gas development in North America. Since the first commercial hydraulic fracturing operation in 1949, approximately one million wells have been hydraulically fractured in the United States. The production of natural gas from hydraulically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_771	when were the first general elections held in independent india?	n/a	[ "1951–52" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1748760", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of India\"\nthe fundamental rights of citizens, issuing writs for their enforcement in cases of violation. Governments are formed through elections held every five years (unless otherwise specified), by parties that secure a majority of members in their respective lower houses (Lok Sabha in the central government and Vidhan Sabha in states). India had its first general election in 1951, which was won by the Indian National Congress, a political party that went on to dominate subsequent elections until 1977, when a non-Congress government was formed for the first time in independent India. The 1990s saw the end of single-party domination and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17180261", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 elections in India\"\n1951–52 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes. General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country. : On 1 November 1956, Ajmer State was merged into Rajasthan under States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3063492", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 elections in India\"\nenlarged slightly by the transfer of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. 1951–52 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes. General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6033988", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent assembly\"\npolitical class is trying to thwart the will of the people by disrespecting the result of the 2012 constitutional referendum. The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India, and served as its first Parliament as an independent nation. It was set up as a result of negotiations between the leaders of the Indian independence movement and members of the British Cabinet Mission. The constituent assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial legislative assembly, which existed under the British Raj. It first met on December 9, 1946, in Delhi. On August 15, 1947,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10193716", "chunk_text": "\"Member of parliament, Lok Sabha\"\nIndia consisted of indirectly elected representatives and were not categorized between Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. Muslims and Sikhs were given special representation as minorities. The Constituent Assembly of India took 2 years, 11 months and 17 days to draft the constitution for independent India and was dissolved in 1949. On 26 January 1950, the Indian constitution came into force and the first general elections (under the new constitution) were held in 1951-1952. The 1st Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 and had 489 constituencies, thereby first set of elected members of parliament of Lok Sabha in India.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2481910", "chunk_text": "\"1920 Indian general election\"\n1920 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1920 to elect members to the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial Councils. They were the first elections in the country's modern history. The new Central Legislative Assembly which was the lower chamber of the Imperial Legislative Council was based in Delhi had 104 elected seats, of which 66 were contested and eight were reserved for Europeans elected through the Chambers of Commerce. For the upper chamber, the Council of State, 24 of the 34 seats were contested, whilst five were reserved for Muslims, three for Whites, one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8557303", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 Indian general election\"\nrest of the India voted only in February–March 1952 for the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections. Polling was held between 25 October 1951 and 27 March 1952. The very first votes of the election were cast in the tehsil (district) of Chini in Himachal Pradesh. 1951–52 Indian general election The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections. The Indian National Congress (INC) won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14852023", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 Indian general election\"\nheld in 1951, India had around 173 million voters, out of an overall population of about 360 million. Voter turnout was 45.7%. Before Independent India went to the polls, two former cabinet colleagues of Nehru established separate political parties to challenge the INC's supremacy. While Shyama Prasad Mookerjee went on to found the Jana Sangh in October 1951, First Law Minister Dr. B. R. Ambedkar revived the Scheduled Castes Federation (which was later named the Republican Party). Other parties which started coming to the forefront included the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Parishad, whose prime mover was Acharya Kripalani; the Socialist Party,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8557298", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 Indian general election\"\n1951–52 Indian general election The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections. The Indian National Congress (INC) won a landslide victory, winning 364 of the 489 seats and 45% of the total votes polled. This was over four times as many votes as the second-largest party. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country. In the first Lok Sabha polls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2481911", "chunk_text": "\"1920 Indian general election\"\nfor Sikhs and one for the United Provinces. The Parliament was opened by the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn on 9 February 1921. Alongside the national elections there were also elections to 637 seats in Provincial Assemblies. Of these, 440 were contested, 188 had a single candidate elected unopposed. Despite the calls by Mahatma Gandhi for a boycott of the elections, only six had no candidate. Within the Provincial Assemblies 38 were reserved for White voters. 1920 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1920 to elect members to the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14852024", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 Indian general election\"\nwhich had Ram Manohar Lohia and Jayaprakash Narayan's leadership to boast of; and the Communist Party of India. However, these smaller parties were unable to make an electoral stand against the Indian National Congress. The first general elections, which were conducted for 489 seats in 401 constituencies, represented 25 Indian states. At that time, there were 314 constituencies with one seat, 86 with two seats and one with three seats. The multi-seat constituencies were abolished in the 1960s. There were also 2 nominated Anglo-Indian members. First Law Minister B. R. Ambedkar was defeated in the Bombay (North Central) (reserved seat)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1252912", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Republic of India\"\nHistory of the Republic of India The history of the Republic of India begins on 26 January 1950. The country became an independent nation within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of British India was separated into the Dominion of Pakistan, by the partition of India. The partition led to a population transfer of more than 10 million people between India and Pakistan and the death of about one million people. Indian National Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India, but the leader most associated with the independence struggle,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "743834", "chunk_text": "\"Shyam Saran Negi\"\nShyam Saran Negi Shyam Saran Negi, born on 1 July 1917 in Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh, is a retired schoolteacher who cast the first vote in the 1951 general election in India — the nation's first election since the end of the British Raj in 1947 (although the majority of the election took place in February 1952, residents of Himachal Pradesh were given the chance to vote five months early because of the probability that heavy snowfall would make it impossible for citizens to reach the polling stations). Negi has voted in every general election since 1951, and is believed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7783959", "chunk_text": "\"1945 Indian general election\"\nEven though Congress won, the League had united the Muslim vote and as such it gained the negotiating power to seek a separate Muslim homeland as it became clear that a united India would prove highly unstable. The elected members later formed the Constituent Assembly of India. These were the last general elections in British India; consequent elections were held in 1951 in India and 1970 in Pakistan. On 19 September 1945, the Viceroy Lord Wavell announced that elections to the central and provincial legislatures would be held in December 1945 to January 1946. It was also announced that an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10852927", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent Assembly of India\"\nConstituent Assembly of India The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from Great Britain in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament. An idea for a Constituent Assembly was proposed in 1934 by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy. It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935, C. Rajagopalachari voiced the demand for a Constituent Assembly on 15 November 1939 based on adult franchise, and was accepted by the British in August 1940. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "303938", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Republic of India\"\na few weeks after independence by launching tribal \"\"lashkar\"\" (militia) from Waziristan, in an effort to secure Kashmir, the future of which hung in the balance. The inconclusive result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both countries. India held its first national elections under the Constitution in 1952, where a turnout of over 60% was recorded. The National Congress Party won an overwhelming majority, and Jawaharlal Nehru began a second term as Prime Minister. President Prasad was also elected to a second term by the electoral college of the first Parliament of India. Prime Minister Nehru led the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14173717", "chunk_text": "\"Indian independence movement\"\nsteering efforts by his \"\"iron fist in a velvet glove\"\" policies, exemplified by the use of military force to integrate Junagadh and Hyderabad State into India (Operation Polo). On the other hand, Nehru kept the issue of Kashmir in his hands. The Constituent Assembly, headed by the prominent lawyer, reformer and Dalit leader, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was tasked with creating the constitution of free India. The Constituent Assembly completed the work of drafting the constitution on 26 November 1949; on 26 January 1950, the Republic of India was officially proclaimed. The Constituent Assembly elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9952951", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Republic of India\"\ntill then the Chief Minister of Gujarat. The Modi government's sweeping mandate and popularity helped the BJP win several State Assembly elections in India. The Modi government implemented several initiatives and campaigns to increase manufacturing and infrastructure — notably — Make in India, Digital India and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. History of the Republic of India The history of the Republic of India begins on 26 January 1950. The country became an independent nation within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of British India was separated into the Dominion of Pakistan, by the partition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10651070", "chunk_text": "\"Elections in India\"\nwho are usually an eclectic mix of eminent artists (including actors), scientists, jurists, sportsmen and women, executives, journalists and other citizens. From 1947 to 1964, the Indian National Congress was India's dominant political party. It was led by Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 1964), K Kamaraj (1903 1975) and then Lal Bahadur Shastri (1905 1966). In the 1970s, the Congress party splintered. Indira Gandhi then led the party to election victory. In 1977, the Congress party lost to an opposition coalition that represented voters opposed to India's state of emergency which had been imposed in 1975. Indira Gandhi regained power but was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2233362", "chunk_text": "\"All-India Muslim League\"\nA. K. Fazlul Huq, was adopted on 23 March 1940, and its principles formed the foundation for Pakistan's first constitution. In the Constituent Assembly of India's elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 476 seats reserved for Muslims (and about 89.2% of Muslim votes) on a policy of creating the independent state of Pakistan, and with an implied threat of secession if this was not granted. Congress, led by Gandhi and Nehru, remained adamantly opposed to dividing India. However, 1947 saw violent and bloody battles due to communal clashes between the two communities in India. Millions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6863487", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Republic of India\"\nMinistry carrying out forced vasectomies of men and sterilisation of women as a part of the initiative to control population growth, and for the demolition of slums in Delhi near the Turkmen Gate, which left thousands of people dead and many more displaced. Indira Gandhi's Congress Party called for general elections in 1977, only to suffer a humiliating electoral defeat at the hands of the Janata Party, an amalgamation of opposition parties. Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India. The Desai administration established tribunals to investigate Emergency-era abuses, and Indira and Sanjay Gandhi were arrested after a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7641488", "chunk_text": "India\nof India's first three general elections, in 1951, 1957, and 1962, the Jawaharlal Nehru-led Congress won easy victories. On Nehru's death in 1964, Lal Bahadur Shastri briefly became prime minister; he was succeeded, after his own unexpected death in 1966, by Indira Gandhi, who went on to lead the Congress to election victories in 1967 and 1971. Following public discontent with the state of emergency she declared in 1975, the Congress was voted out of power in 1977; the then-new Janata Party, which had opposed the emergency, was voted in. Its government lasted just over two years. Voted back into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13790078", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent Assembly of India\"\nconstituent assembly for Muslims in India. On 3 June 1947 Lord Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced his intention to scrap the Cabinet Mission Plan; this culminated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the separate nations of India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act was passed on 18 July 1947 and, although it was earlier declared that India would become independent in June 1948, this event led to independence on 15 August 1947. The Constituent Assembly (elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13790080", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent Assembly of India\"\nrepresentatives, was established to draft a constitution for India (including the now-separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh). It existed for approximately three years, the first parliament of India after independence in 1947. The Assembly was not elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage, and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities. The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation. Although a large part of the Constituent Assembly was drawn from the Congress Party in a one-party environment, the Congress Party included a wide diversity of opinions—from conservative industrialists to radical Marxists, to Hindu revivalists.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7562603", "chunk_text": "\"1977 Indian general election\"\n1977 Indian general election In a major turn of events, the ruling Congress lost control of India for the first time in independent India in the Indian general election, 1977. The hastily formed Janata alliance of parties, opposed to the ruling Congress party, won 298 seats. Morarji Desai was chosen as the leader of the alliance in the newly formed parliament and thus became India's first non-Congress Prime Minister on 24 March. The Congress lost nearly 200 seats. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her powerful son Sanjay Gandhi both lost their seats. The election came after the end of The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1790893", "chunk_text": "\"1977 elections in India\"\n1977 elections in India Elections in India in 1977 included Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) elections in several Indian states, including Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. An election was held in the Indian Union territory of Goa in 1977, to elect 30 members to the Goa Legislative Assembly. Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in June 1977, which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state. Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975776", "chunk_text": "India\nlegislative reform was enacted by the British; the Indian National Congress won victories in the resulting elections. The next decade was beset with crises: Indian participation in World War II, the Congress's final push for non-co-operation, and an upsurge of Muslim nationalism. All were capped by the advent of independence in 1947, but tempered by the partition of India into two states: India and Pakistan. Vital to India's self-image as an independent nation was its constitution, completed in 1950, which put in place a secular and democratic republic. It has remained a democracy with civil liberties, an active Supreme Court,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14119195", "chunk_text": "\"Representation of the People Act, 1951\"\nunder Article 327 of Indian Constitution, before the first general election. After India became independent on 15 August 1947, an elected constituent assembly was set up to frame the constitution. Most of the articles of the constitution came into force on 26 January 1950, commonly known as the Republic Day. Part XXI of the constitution contained the translational provisions. Articles 379 and 394 of Part XXI which contained provisions for provisional parliament and other articles which contained provisions like citizenship, came into force on 26 November 1949, the date in which the constitution was drafted. The provisional parliament enacted the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13790081", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent Assembly of India\"\nThe Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946, and its last session was held on 24 January 1950. The hope of the Assembly was expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru: India was still under British rule when the Constituent Assembly was established following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom. Provincial assembly elections were held early in 1946. Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by members of the newly elected provincial assemblies, and initially included representatives for those provinces that formed part of Pakistan (some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8557306", "chunk_text": "\"1971 Indian general election\"\n1971 Indian general election India held general elections to the 5th Lok Sabha in March 1971. This was the fifth election since independence in 1947. The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 518 constituencies, each with a single seat. Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the Indian National Congress (R) led a campaign which focussed on reducing poverty and won a landslide victory, overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election. During her previous term, there had been internal divisions in the Indian National Congress between Indira Gandhi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13790083", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent Assembly of India\"\nwithdrew to form the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, meeting in Karachi. On 15 August 1947 the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan became independent nations, and members of the Constituent Assembly who had not withdrawn to Karachi became India's Parliament. Twenty-eight members of the Muslim League joined the Indian Assembly, and 93 members were later nominated from the princely states; the Congress Party secured a majority of 82 percent. At 11 am on 9 December 1946 the Assembly began its first session, with 207 members attending. By early 1947, representatives of the Muslim League and princely states joined, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8248133", "chunk_text": "\"Merger of Kanyakumari with Madras State\"\nof president of T.T.N.C Mr. P. Ramasamy Pillai, a strong follower of Mr. A. Nesamony was elected as the New President. The first general election of Independent India was held on 1952. T.T.N.C won 8 legislative assembly seats. Mr. A. Chidambaranathan became the minister on behalf of T.T.N.C in the coalition state government formed by the Congress. In the parliamentary Constituency Mr. A. Nesamony was elected as M.P. and in the Rajyasabha seat. Mr. A. Abdul Razak was elected as M.P. on behalf of T.T.N.C. In due course, accusing the Congress government for not showing enough care the struggle of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7783958", "chunk_text": "\"1945 Indian general election\"\n1945 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in December 1945 to elect members of the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of State. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party, winning 59 of the 102 elected seats. The Muslim League won all Muslim constituencies, but failed to win any other seats. Of the 13 remaining seats, 8 went to Europeans, 3 to independents, and 2 to Akali candidates in the Sikh constituencies of Punjab. This election coupled with the provincial one in 1946 proved to be a strategic victory for Jinnah and the partitionists.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7562583", "chunk_text": "\"1951–52 Indian general election\"\n(3,784 hours), the highest recorded count of the number of sitting hours. The Lok Sabha lasted its full term from 17 April 1952 until 4 April 1957. While Indian Government's official websites and official documents assign the year 1951 to these polls, it is a misrepresentation because all territories except Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir voted in February–March 1952; no polls were held for Lok Sabha seats in Kashmir until 1967, and \"\"only\"\" Himachal Pradesh voted in 1951 for the first Lok Sabha because weather tends to be inclement in February and March, heavy snow impending free movement. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18051593", "chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (India)\"\noutposts in the Indian subcontinent by the 17th century. Through overwhelming military strength, the British East India company subdued local kingdoms and established themselves as the dominant force by the 18th century. Following the First War of Independence of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led the British Crown to assume direct control of India. In the decades following, civic society gradually emerged across India, most notably the Indian National Congress Party, formed in 1885. The period after World War I was marked by British reforms such as the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, but it also witnessed the enactment of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7562589", "chunk_text": "\"1971 Indian general election\"\nand Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) to defeat INC(R) but the opposition coalition was badly trounced and lost more than half of their seats. On 12 June 1975, the Allahabad High Court invalidated the result in Gandhi's constituency on the grounds of electoral malpractices. Instead of resigning, Indira Gandhi called a state of emergency, suspending democracy and outlawed political opposition. After democracy was restored in 1977, the opposition Congress faction formed a coalition of parties called the Janata Party, which inflicted the Congress' first electoral defeat. 1971 Indian general election India held general elections to the 5th Lok Sabha in March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7236773", "chunk_text": "\"Zulfikar Ali Khan\"\nelection (15/3/1971 – 18/1/1977) as a member of the Indian National Congress, becoming a member of the Fifth Lok Sabha. In a major turn of events, the Congress lost control of India for the first time in independent India in the Indian general election, (23/3/1977 – 22/8/1979). The election came after the end of The Emergency that Prime Minister Gandhi had imposed in 1975; it effectively ended democracy, suppressed the opposition, and took control of the media with authoritarian measures. The opposition called for a restoration of democracy and Indians saw the election results as a repudiation of the Emergency.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4973376", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Republic of India\"\nConstitution of India, drafted by a committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, on 26 November 1949. India became a sovereign democratic republic after its constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950. Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India. The three words 'socialist', 'secular' and 'integrity' were added later with the 42nd Constitution Amendment 1976. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly independent nations. Pakistan precipitated the war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7783960", "chunk_text": "\"1945 Indian general election\"\nexecutive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after these elections. Although the Government of India Act, 1935 had proposed an all-India federation, it could not take place because the government held that the Princely states were unwilling to join it. Consequently, rather than choosing 375 members, only 102 elective seats were to be filled. Hence the elections to the central legislature were held under the terms of the Government of India Act 1919. 1945 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in December 1945 to elect members of the Central Legislative Assembly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7066225", "chunk_text": "\"U. Muthuramalingam Thevar\"\nseparate Forward Blocs had emerged, a 'Forward Bloc (Marxist)' (out of which the Forward Bloc of today emerged) and a 'Forward Bloc (Ruiker)' (led by R.S. Ruiker). On 23 June 1951, the two parties reunified at a meeting in Calcutta. A central committee was announced for the united party, which included Thevar as one of its members. In January 1952, the first general elections in independent India were held. The Forward Bloc contested with the aim of forming non-Congress governments at the Centre as well as in the states. Election were held simultaneously to the Lok Sabha as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13790079", "chunk_text": "\"Constituent Assembly of India\"\nsovereign body and successor to the British parliament's authority in India. As a result of the partition, under the Mountbatten plan a separate Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was established on 3 June 1947. The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India. New elections were held for the West Punjab and East Bengal (which became part of Pakistan, although East Bengal later seceded to become Bangladesh); the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization, and it met on 31 December 1947. The Constituent Assembly, consisting of indirectly elected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723665", "chunk_text": "\"Dominion of India\"\nDominion of India India was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations with King George VI as the head of state between gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947 and the proclamation of a republic on 26 January 1950. It was created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and was transformed into the Republic of India by the promulgation of the Constitution of India in 1950. The King was represented by the Governor-General of India. However, the Governor-General was not designated \"\"Viceroy\"\", as had been customary under the British Raj. The office of Viceroy was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11643269", "chunk_text": "\"Speeches about Indian independence\"\nbeing immediate.\"\" By Rahul Kumar One 8 August 1942, the All India Congress Committee met in Bombay and passed the Quit India Resolution. The outcome was a mass uprising all over India with mass boycotts and civil disobedience, called the Quit India Movement On 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of free India, addressed the Constituent Assembly. In his famous speech, \"\"Tryst with Destiny\"\", he declared the end of the colonial era and called on citizens to recognize the promise and opportunity of the moment: \"\"Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny. Now the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14852047", "chunk_text": "\"1977 Indian general election\"\nEmergency that Prime Minister Gandhi had imposed in 1975; it effectively suspended democracy, suppressed the opposition, and took control of the media with authoritarian measures. The opposition called for a restoration of democracy and Indians saw the election results as a repudiation of the Emergency. India held general elections to the 6th Lok Sabha. This sixth general elections, which were conducted for 542 seats from 542 constituencies, represented 27 Indian states and union territories. These 542 constituencies remained same until Indian general elections, 2004 for the 14th Lok Sabha. The Emergency declared by the Indira Gandhi led Congress government was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7562592", "chunk_text": "\"1967 Indian general election\"\n1967 Indian general election The Indian general election of 1967 elected the 4th Lok Sabha of India and was held from 17 to 21 February. The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 520 single-member constituencies (an increase of 26). Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the Indian National Congress won a fourth consecutive term in power and over 54% of the seats, while no other party won more than 10% of the votes or seats. However, the INC's victory was significantly lower than the results they had achieved in the previous three elections under Jawaharlal Nehru. By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13751591", "chunk_text": "\"Janata Morcha\"\nJanata Morcha The Janata Morcha (\"\"People's Front\"\") was a coalition of Indian political parties formed in 1974 to oppose the government of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her Congress (R) party. The coalition was an integral part of the popular movement against the Emergency rule of Indira Gandhi and the direct predecessor of the Janata Party, which defeated the Congress (R) in the Indian general election, 1977 to form the first non-Congress government in independent India. It was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan and Morarji Desai, chief of the main opposition Congress (O) party. For the Indian general election, 1971,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14173684", "chunk_text": "\"Indian independence movement\"\nminority interests through separate electorates. The federal provisions, intended to unite princely states and British India at the centre, were not implemented because of ambiguities in safeguarding the existing privileges of princes. In February 1937, however, provincial autonomy became a reality when elections were held; the Congress emerged as the dominant party with a clear majority in five provinces and held an upper hand in two, while the Muslim League performed poorly. In 1939, the Viceroy Linlithgow declared India's entrance into the Second World War without consulting provincial governments. In protest, the Congress asked all of its elected representatives to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16191029", "chunk_text": "\"1999 Indian general election\"\nPrevious non-INC governing coalitions had been formed in 1977, 1989 and 1996; however none of these administrations had been able to maintain a stable coagulation for more than a couple of years. One Senior BJP figure commented in the aftermath \"\"It will certainly be a government of stability...I expect that Mr Vajpayee, with all his experience, will be able to handle our coalition partners.\"\" 1999 Indian general election General Elections were held in India from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. The 13th Lok Sabha election is of historical importance as it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9996614", "chunk_text": "\"1999 Indian general election\"\n1999 Indian general election General Elections were held in India from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. The 13th Lok Sabha election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to attain a majority and form a government that lasted a full term of five years, thus ending a period of political instability at the national level that had been characterised by three general elections held in as many years. On 17 April 1999, the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) coalition government led by prime minister Atal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11782975", "chunk_text": "\"Feroze Gandhi\"\ntwo young children, and Feroze became Managing Director of \"\"The National Herald\"\", a newspaper founded by his father-in-law. After being a member of the provincial parliament (1950–1952), Feroze won independent India's first general elections in 1952, from Rae Bareli constituency in Uttar Pradesh. Indira came down from Delhi and worked as his campaign organizer. Feroze soon became a prominent force in his own right, criticizing the government of his father-in-law and beginning a fight against corruption. In the years after independence, many Indian business houses had become close to the political leaders, and now some of them started various financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_772	what was the tower of london originally used for?	n/a	[ "a royal residence", "as a royal residence" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650886", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\ncleared for military reasons. The precursor of the Liberties was laid out in the 13th century when Henry III ordered that a strip of land adjacent to the castle be kept clear. Despite popular fiction, the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber, although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods. Tower Wharf was built on the bank of the Thames under Edward I and was expanded to its current size during the reign of Richard II (1377–1399). The White Tower is a keep (also known as a donjon), which was often the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528937", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nTower of London The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7171849", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London in popular culture\"\nTower of London in popular culture The Tower of London has been represented in popular culture in many ways. As a result of 16th and 19th century writers, the Tower has a reputation as a grim fortress, a place of torture and execution. One of the earliest traditions associated with the Tower was that it was built by Julius Caesar; the story was a popular amongst writers and antiquaries. The earliest recorded attribution of the Tower to the Roman ruler dates to the mid-14th century in a poem by Sir Thomas Gray. The origin of the myth is uncertain, although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528966", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\ngovernance, and with a prosperous port it was important for the Normans to establish control over the settlement. The other two castles in London – Baynard's Castle and Montfichet's Castle – were established at the same time. The fortification that would later become known as the Tower of London was built onto the south-east corner of the Roman town walls, using them as prefabricated defences, with the River Thames providing additional protection from the south. This earliest phase of the castle would have been enclosed by a ditch and defended by a timber palisade, and probably had accommodation suitable for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528938", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nand was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528955", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nby Edward I. The 13th-century Beauchamp Tower marks the first large-scale use of brick as a building material in Britain, since the 5th-century departure of the Romans. The Beauchamp Tower is one of 13 towers that stud the curtain wall. Clockwise from the south-west corner they are: Bell, Beauchamp, Devereux, Flint, Bowyer, Brick, Martin, Constable, Broad Arrow, Salt, Lanthorn, Wakefield, and the Bloody Tower. While these towers provided positions from which flanking fire could be deployed against a potential enemy, they also contained accommodation. As its name suggests, Bell Tower housed a belfry, its purpose to raise the alarm in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20368587", "chunk_text": "\"White Tower (Tower of London)\"\nWhite Tower (Tower of London) The White Tower is a central tower, the old keep, at the Tower of London. It was built by William the Conqueror during the early 1080s, and subsequently extended. The White Tower was the castle's strongest point militarily, and provided accommodation for the king and his representatives, as well as a chapel. Henry III ordered that the tower be whitewashed in 1240. The castle which later became known as the Tower of London was begun by William the Conqueror in 1066. It began as a timber fortification enclosed by a palisade. In the next decade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20368614", "chunk_text": "\"White Tower (Tower of London)\"\nand stained glass windows that depicted the Virgin Mary and Holy Trinity. White Tower (Tower of London) The White Tower is a central tower, the old keep, at the Tower of London. It was built by William the Conqueror during the early 1080s, and subsequently extended. The White Tower was the castle's strongest point militarily, and provided accommodation for the king and his representatives, as well as a chapel. Henry III ordered that the tower be whitewashed in 1240. The castle which later became known as the Tower of London was begun by William the Conqueror in 1066. It began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650920", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\ntradition of whitewashing the White Tower (from which it derives its name) began in 1240. Beginning around 1238, the castle was expanded to the east, north, and north-west. The work lasted through the reign of Henry III and into that of Edward I, interrupted occasionally by civil unrest. New creations included a new defensive perimeter, studded with towers, while on the west, north, and east sides, where the wall was not defended by the river, a defensive ditch was dug. The eastern extension took the castle beyond the bounds of the old Roman settlement, marked by the city wall which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528939", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nlate 13th century remains despite later activity on the site. The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times, and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public record office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of England. From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II, a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch. In the absence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650889", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nentrance and upper floors of the south-east. At the western corners of the building are square towers, while to the north-east a round tower houses a spiral staircase. At the south-east corner there is a larger semi-circular projection which accommodates the apse of the chapel. As the building was intended to be a comfortable residence as well as a stronghold, latrines were built into the walls, and four fireplaces provided warmth. The main building material is Kentish rag-stone, although some local mudstone was also used. Caen stone was imported from northern France to provide details in the Tower's facing, although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528961", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nmade redundant; a new entrance was created in the south-west corner of the external wall circuit. The complex consisted of an inner and an outer gatehouse and a barbican, which became known as the Lion Tower as it was associated with the animals as part of the Royal Menagerie since at least the 1330s. The Lion Tower itself no longer survives. Edward extended the south side of the Tower of London onto land that had previously been submerged by the River Thames. In this wall, he built St Thomas's Tower between 1275 and 1279; later known as Traitors' Gate, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528962", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nreplaced the Bloody Tower as the castle's water-gate. The building is unique in England, and the closest parallel is the now demolished water-gate at the Louvre in Paris. The dock was covered with arrowslits in case of an attack on the castle from the River; there was also a portcullis at the entrance to control who entered. There were luxurious lodgings on the first floor. Edward also moved the Royal Mint into the Tower; its exact location early on is unknown, although it was probably in either the outer ward or the Lion Tower. By 1560, the Mint was located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529001", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nTower's reputation is exaggerated, the 16th and 17th centuries marked the castle's zenith as a prison, with many religious and political undesirables locked away. The Privy Council had to sanction the use of torture, so it was not often used; between 1540 and 1640, the peak of imprisonment at the Tower, there were 48 recorded cases of the use of torture. The three most common forms used were the infamous rack, the Scavenger's daughter, and manacles. The rack was introduced to England in 1447 by the Duke of Exeter, the Constable of the Tower; consequentially it was also known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528956", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nthe event of an attack. The royal bow-maker, responsible for making longbows, crossbows, catapults, and other siege and hand weapons, had a workshop in the Bowyer Tower. A turret at the top of Lanthorn Tower was used as a beacon by traffic approaching the Tower at night. As a result of Henry's expansion, St Peter ad Vincula, a Norman chapel which had previously stood outside the Tower, was incorporated into the castle. Henry decorated the chapel by adding glazed windows, and stalls for himself and his queen. It was rebuilt by Edward I at a cost of over £300 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5637182", "chunk_text": "\"Jewel Tower\"\nJewel Tower The Jewel Tower is a 14th-century surviving element of the royal Palace of Westminster, in London, England. It was built between 1365 and 1366, under the direction of William of Sleaford and Henry de Yevele, to house the personal treasure of Edward III. The tower, a three-storey, crenellated stone building, occupied a secluded part of the palace and was protected by a moat linked to the River Thames. The ground floor featured elaborate carved vaulting, described by historian Jeremy Ashbee as \"\"an architectural masterpiece\"\". The tower continued to be used for storing the monarch's treasure and personal possessions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650925", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nwalls across Europe, drawing on Eastern influences. At the Tower of London, Edward filled in the moat dug by Henry III and built a new curtain wall along its line, creating a new enclosure. A new moat was created in front of the new curtain wall. The western part of Henry III's curtain wall was rebuilt, with Beauchamp Tower replacing the castle's old gatehouse. A new entrance was created, with elaborate defences including two gatehouses and a barbican. In an effort to make the castle self-sufficient, Edward I also added two watermills. Six hundred Jews were imprisoned in the Tower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528999", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nonwards, the Tower of London was only used as a royal residence when its political and historic symbolism was considered useful, for instance each of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I briefly stayed at the Tower before their coronations. In the 16th century, the Tower acquired an enduring reputation as a grim, forbidding prison. This had not always been the case. As a royal castle, it was used by the monarch to imprison people for various reasons, however these were usually high-status individuals for short periods rather than common citizenry as there were plenty of prisons elsewhere for such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528969", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nhimself from a secluded chamber, and out of the Tower. The escape came as such a surprise that one contemporary chronicler accused the bishop of witchcraft. The \"\"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\"\" records that in 1097 King William II ordered a wall to be built around the Tower of London; it was probably built from stone as a replacement for the timber palisade that arced around the north and west sides of the castle, between the Roman wall and the Thames. The Norman Conquest of London manifested itself not only with a new ruling class, but in the way the city was structured.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529000", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\npeople. Contrary to the popular image of the Tower, prisoners were able to make their life easier by purchasing amenities such as better food or tapestries through the Lieutenant of the Tower. As holding prisoners was originally an incidental role of the Tower – as would have been the case for any castle – there was no purpose-built accommodation for prisoners until 1687 when a brick shed, a \"\"Prison for Soldiers\"\", was built to the north-west of the White Tower. The Tower's reputation for torture and imprisonment derives largely from 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century romanticists. Although much of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650884", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nthe Constable of the Tower, and operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site. The Tower was orientated with its strongest and most impressive defences overlooking Saxon London, which archaeologist Alan Vince suggests was deliberate. It would have visually dominated the surrounding area and stood out to traffic on the River Thames. The castle is made up of three \"\"wards\"\", or enclosures. The innermost ward contains the White Tower and is the earliest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881904", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nbe drained and filled with earth. The work began in 1843 and was mostly complete two years later. The construction of the Waterloo Barracks in the inner ward began in 1845, when the Duke of Wellington laid the foundation stone. The building could accommodate 1,000 men; at the same time, separate quarters for the officers were built to the north-east of the White Tower. The building is now the headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. The popularity of the Chartist movement between 1828 and 1858 led to a desire to refortify the Tower of London in the event of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529034", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nOrb, they were foiled when the keeper's son turned up unexpectedly and raised the alarm. Since 1994, the Crown Jewels have been on display in the Jewel House in the Waterloo Block. Some of the pieces are used regularly by the Queen. The display includes 23,578 gemstones, the 800-year-old Coronation Spoon, St. Edward's Crown (worn during all crownings at Westminster Abbey) and the Imperial State Crown. There is evidence that King John (1166–1216) first started keeping wild animals at the Tower. Records of 1210–1212 show payments to lion keepers. The Royal Menagerie is frequently referenced during the reign of Henry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529037", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nEmperor Maximilian. In 1436, during the time of Henry V, all the lions died and the employment of Keeper William Kerby was terminated. Historical records indicate that a semi-circular structure or barbican was built by Edward I in 1277; this area was later named the Lion Tower, to the immediate west of the Middle Tower. Records from 1335 indicate the purchase of a lock and key for the lions and leopards, also suggesting they were located near the western entrance of the Tower. By the 1500s that area was called the Menagerie. Between 1604 and 1606 the Menagerie was extensively", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20368608", "chunk_text": "\"White Tower (Tower of London)\"\nof an attack. The forebuilding added in the 12th century no longer survives. As the building was intended to be a comfortable residence as well as a stronghold, latrines were built into the walls, and four fireplaces provided warmth. The main building material is Kentish rag-stone, though some local mudstone was also used. Although little of it survives, Caen stone was imported from northern France to provide details in the Tower's facing, much of it replaced by Portland stone in the 17th and 18th centuries under the direction of architect Inigo Jones. As most of the Tower's windows were enlarged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650919", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nit as it stands today. Henry was disconnected from his barons, and a mutual lack of understanding led to unrest and resentment towards his rule. As a result, he was eager to ensure the Tower of London was a formidable fortification; at the same time Henry was an aesthete and wished to make the castle a comfortable place to live. From 1216 to 1227 nearly £10,000 was spent on the Tower of London; in this period, only the work at Windsor Castle cost more (£15,000). Most of the work was focused on the palatial buildings of the innermost ward. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529004", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\non 12 February 1554, Queen Mary I imprisoned her sister Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth I, in the Tower under suspicion of causing rebellion as Sir Thomas Wyatt had led a revolt against Mary in Elizabeth's name. The Office of Ordnance and Armoury Office were founded in the 15th century, taking over the Privy Wardrobe's duties of looking after the monarch's arsenal and valuables. As there was no standing army before 1661, the importance of the royal armoury at the Tower of London was that it provided a professional basis for procuring supplies and equipment in times of war. The two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529030", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\ntours around the Tower. Over 2.8 million people visited the Tower of London in 2017. The Yeomen Warders provided the permanent garrison of the Tower, but the Constable of the Tower could call upon the men of the Tower Hamlets to supplement them when necessary. The Tower Hamlets, aka Tower Division was an area, significantly larger than the modern London Borough of the same name, which owed military service to the Constable in his \"\"ex officio\"\" role as Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets. The tradition of housing the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London probably dates from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650883", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nthe castle to other locations, leaving many buildings empty. Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance, clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures. In the First and Second World Wars, the Tower was again used as a prison and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage. After the Second World War, damage caused during the Blitz was repaired, and the castle reopened to the public. Today, the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. Under the ceremonial charge of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8788082", "chunk_text": "Galleting\nas well as in Philadelphia, Vienna, Austria, the Azores, Paris, and Barcelona. There is some debate about when galleting was most commonly practiced. Some sources associate the technique with late medieval building construction, while others suggest that galleting was used mostly in the 17th and 18th centuries before declining in popularity over the course of the 19th century. Historical records indicate that parts of Windsor Castle (n.d.), Eton College (c. 1441), and the Tower of London (c. 1514) were galleted with flint or oyster shells. This suggests that galleting may have been first used in more prestigious buildings and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881907", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nestablished as one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country. It has been a tourist attraction since at least the Elizabethan period, when it was one of the sights of London that foreign visitors wrote about. Its most popular attractions were the Royal Menagerie and displays of armour. The Crown Jewels also garner much interest, and have been on public display since 1669. The Tower steadily gained popularity with tourists through the 19th century, despite the opposition of the Duke of Wellington to visitors. Numbers became so high that by 1851 a purpose-built ticket office was erected. By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528940", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nthe monarch, the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle. This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period. In the late 15th century, the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery. The peak period of the castle's use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures who had fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650924", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\ntake the castle. The Earl retreated, allowing the King control of the capital, and the Tower experienced peace for the rest of Henry's reign. Although he was rarely in London, Edward I undertook an expensive remodelling of the Tower, costing £21,000 between 1275 and 1285, over double that spent on the castle during the whole of Henry III's reign. Edward I was a seasoned castle builder, and used his experience of siege warfare during the crusades to bring innovations to castle building. His programme of castle building in Wales heralded the introduction of the widespread use of arrowslits in castle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528957", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nagain by Henry VIII in 1519; the current building dates from this period, although the chapel was refurbished in the 19th century. Immediately west of Wakefield Tower, the Bloody Tower was built at the same time as the inner ward's curtain wall, and as a water-gate provided access to the castle from the River Thames. It was a simple structure, protected by a portcullis and gate. The Bloody Tower acquired its name in the 16th century, as it was believed to be the site of the murder of the Princes in the Tower. Between 1339 and 1341, a gatehouse was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13825586", "chunk_text": "\"Liberties of the Tower of London\"\nLiberties of the Tower of London The Liberties of the Tower, or the Tower Liberty, was a liberty around and including the Tower of London. It was outside the jurisdiction of the City of London and the County of Middlesex, with its own county government. The area of the liberty expanded in 1686. It became part of the County of London in 1889, and was dissolved in 1894. The liberty originally consisted of the area inside the walls of the Tower of London (also known as Tower Within) and immediately outside it (known as Old Tower Without). The boundaries were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528963", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nin a building in the outer ward near Salt Tower. Between 1348 and 1355, a second water-gate, Cradle Tower, was added east of St Thomas's Tower for the king's private use. Victorious at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, the invading Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror, spent the rest of the year securing his holdings by fortifying key positions. He founded several castles along the way, but took a circuitous route toward London; only when he reached Canterbury did he turn towards England's largest city. As the fortified bridge into London was held by Saxon troops, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "599791", "chunk_text": "\"Montfichet's Tower\"\nMontfichet's Tower Montfichet's Tower (also known as Montfichet's Castle and/or spelt Mountfitchet's or Mountfiquit's) was a Norman fortress on Ludgate Hill in London, between where St Paul's Cathedral and City Thameslink railway station now stand. First documented in the 1130s, it was probably built in the late 11th century. The defences were strengthened during the revolt of 1173–1174 against Henry II. It was demolished in 1213 by King John and the site sold in 1275 to build the great Dominican priory of Blackfriars. Archaeological excavations in 1986–90 uncovered waste pits and the remains of ditches between Carter Lane and Ludgate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13487131", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria Tower\"\nfor the project and also the interior design. The first stone of the Tower was laid by Queen Victoria on 22 December 1843, and construction was completed in 1860. The tower was originally named \"\"The King's Tower\"\" because the fire of 1834 which destroyed the old Palace of Westminster occurred during the reign of King William IV. The Victoria Tower incorporates a cast-iron framework which, rather than the visible stonework, provides the main strength supporting the structure. When the wrought-iron flagstaff was erected, the tower became the tallest square tower in the world, at to the base of the flagstaff,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15377807", "chunk_text": "\"Fortifications of London\"\nFortifications of London The fortifications of London are extensive and mostly well maintained, though many of the City of London's fortifications and defences were dismantled in the 17th and 18th century. Many of those that remain are tourist attractions, most notably the Tower of London. London's first defensive wall was built by the Romans around 200 AD. This was around 80 years after the construction of the city's fort, whose north and west walls were thickened and doubled in height to form part of the new city wall, and 150 years after the city was founded as Londinium. The London", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881914", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nTower of London was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, in recognition of its global importance and to help conserve and protect the site. However, recent developments, such as the construction of skyscrapers nearby, have pushed the Tower towards being added to the United Nations' Heritage in Danger List. The remains of the medieval palace have been open to the public since 2006. Visitors can explore the chambers restored to their former glory, once used by past kings and queens. Although the position of Constable of the Tower remains the highest position held at the Tower, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650923", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nallowing him to regain control of the country and the Tower of London. Cardinal Ottobuon came to England to excommunicate those who were still rebellious; the act was deeply unpopular and the situation was exacerbated when the cardinal was granted custody of the Tower. Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, marched on London in April 1267 and laid siege to the castle, declaring that custody of the Tower was \"\"not a post to be trusted in the hands of a foreigner, much less of an ecclesiastic\"\". Despite a large army and siege engines, Gilbert de Clare was unable to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528965", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nin enemy territory), centres of administration, and residences. William sent an advance party to prepare the city for his entrance, to celebrate his victory and found a castle; in the words of William's biographer, William of Poitiers, \"\"certain fortifications were completed in the city against the restlessness of the huge and brutal populace. For he [William] realised that it was of the first importance to overawe the Londoners\"\". At the time, London was the largest town in England; the foundation of Westminster Abbey and the old Palace of Westminster under Edward the Confessor had marked it as a centre of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13487128", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria Tower\"\nVictoria Tower The Victoria Tower is the square tower at the south-west end of the Palace of Westminster in London, facing south and west onto Black Rod's Garden and Old Palace Yard. At , it is slightly taller than the more famous Elizabeth Tower (formerly known as the Clock Tower and popularly known as 'Big Ben') at the north end of the Palace (). It houses the Parliamentary Archives in archive conditions meeting the BS 5454 standard, on 12 floors. All 14 floors of the building were originally linked via a single wrought-iron Victorian staircase of 553 steps, of which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528960", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nthe bastions have often been ascribed to the Tudor period, there is no evidence to support this; archaeological investigations suggest that Legge's Mount dates from the reign of Edward I. Blocked battlements (also known as crenellations) in the south side of Legge's Mount are the only surviving medieval battlements at the Tower of London (the rest are Victorian replacements). A new moat was dug beyond the castle's new limits; it was originally deeper in the middle than it is today. With the addition of a new curtain wall, the old main entrance to the Tower of London was obscured and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3701372", "chunk_text": "\"Tower house\"\nTower house A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, in order to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed. After their initial appearance in Ireland, Scotland, Basque Country and England during the High Middle Ages, tower houses were also built in other parts of western Europe as early as the late 14th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881901", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\ndid not stay there the night before his coronation. Under the Stuart kings the Tower's buildings were remodelled, mostly under the auspices of the Office of Ordnance. Just over £4,000 was spent in 1663 on building a new storehouse, now known as the New Armouries in the inner ward. In the 17th century there were plans to enhance the Tower's defences in the style of the \"\"trace italienne\"\", however they were never acted on. Although the facilities for the garrison were improved with the addition of the first purpose-built quarters for soldiers (the \"\"Irish Barracks\"\") in 1670, the general accommodations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15717979", "chunk_text": "\"Traitors' Gate\"\nTraitors' Gate The Traitor's Gate is an entrance through which many prisoners of the Tudors arrived at the Tower of London. The gate was built by Edward I, to provide a water gate entrance to the Tower, part of St. Thomas's Tower, which was designed to provide additional accommodation for the royal family. In the pool behind Traitors' Gate was an engine that was used for raising water to a cistern on the roof of the White Tower. The engine worked originally by the force of the tide or by horsepower and eventually by steam. In 1724–6, it was adapted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650882", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nbecame queen, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Elizabeth Throckmorton, were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase \"\"sent to the Tower\"\". Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century. Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period. In the latter half of the 19th century, institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528952", "chunk_text": "\"Tower of London\"\nCastle. Construction of Wakefield and Lanthorn Towers – located at the corners of the innermost ward's wall along the river – began around 1220. They probably served as private residences for the queen and king respectively. The earliest evidence for how the royal chambers were decorated comes from Henry III's reign: the queen's chamber was whitewashed, and painted with flowers and imitation stonework. A great hall existed in the south of the ward, between the two towers. It was similar to, although slightly smaller than, that also built by Henry III at Winchester Castle. Near Wakefield Tower was a postern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15975734", "chunk_text": "\"Siege tower\"\nSiege tower A siege tower or breaching tower (or in the Middle Ages, a belfry) is a specialized siege engine, constructed to protect assailants and ladders while approaching the defensive walls of a fortification. The tower was often rectangular with four wheels with its height roughly equal to that of the wall or sometimes higher to allow archers to stand on top of the tower and shoot arrows into the fortification. Because the towers were wooden and thus flammable, they had to have some non-flammable covering of iron or fresh animal skins. Used since the 11th century BC by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_773	what type of fuel goes in a zippo?	n/a	[ "lighter fluid", "butane" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9427134", "chunk_text": "Zippo\na piece of felt approximately 1/4 of an inch thick. Printed on the bottom of the felt (in modern Zippos, not on older models ) are the words, \"\"LIFT TO FILL,\"\" to indicate one must lift the felt away from the \"\"cotton\"\" in order to refuel it. The fuel, light petroleum distillate or synthetic isoparaffinic hydrocarbon (commonly referred to as lighter fluid or naphtha), is poured into the rayon balls (sometimes called the \"\"cotton,\"\" or the \"\"batting\"\"), which absorbs it. It also contains a tube that holds a short, cylindrical flint. The tube has an interior spring and exterior cap-screw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12049954", "chunk_text": "Lighter\nits reliability, \"\"Life Time Warranty\"\" and marketing as \"\"Wind-Proof\"\". Most early Zippos used naphtha as a fuel source. In the 1950s, there was a switch in the fuel of choice from naphtha to butane, as butane allows for a controllable flame and has less odour. This also led to the use of piezoelectric spark, which replaced the need for a flint wheel in some lighters and was used in many Ronson lighters. In modern times most of the world's lighters are produced in the United States, China, and Thailand. Naphtha based lighters employ a saturated cloth wick and fibre packing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10974999", "chunk_text": "\"Zip fuel\"\nZip fuel Zip fuel, also known as high energy fuel (HEF), is any member of a family of jet fuels containing additives in the form of hydro-boron compounds, or \"\"boranes\"\". Zip fuels offered higher energy density than conventional fuels, helping extend the range of jet aircraft, a major problem for the military planners in the 1950s. A number of aircraft were designed to make use of zip, including the XB-70 Valkyrie, XF-108 Rapier, as well as the BOMARC, and even the nuclear-powered aircraft program. In testing, the fuels proved to have several serious problems and the entire effort was eventually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10975000", "chunk_text": "\"Zip fuel\"\ncanceled in 1959. It was later claimed that the Blackstar spaceplane uses zip fuel, but Blackstar is almost certainly mythical. The highest energy density fuel seen in common propellant combinations is hydrogen. However, gaseous hydrogen has very low density; liquified hydrogen has higher density but is complex and expensive to store. When combined with other elements, like carbon, the hydrogen can be rendered into the easily burnable hydrocarbon fuels. Other elements, like aluminum and beryllium have even higher energy content than carbon, but do not mix well to form a stable fuel that can be easily burned. Of all the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19441331", "chunk_text": "\"Zip fuel\"\nthis would have been a factory for HEF fuel, using the large borax deposits nearby (giving the town its name), where it could be easily shipped to Edwards Air Force Base. Zip fuel Zip fuel, also known as high energy fuel (HEF), is any member of a family of jet fuels containing additives in the form of hydro-boron compounds, or \"\"boranes\"\". Zip fuels offered higher energy density than conventional fuels, helping extend the range of jet aircraft, a major problem for the military planners in the 1950s. A number of aircraft were designed to make use of zip, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3054704", "chunk_text": "\"Zip cube\"\nA Bag\"\" along with a range of BBQ products. Zip cube A Zip firelighter (or \"\"zip cube\"\") is a packaged small block of solid fuel containing kerosene, sold as a firelighter in Ireland, Canada and the United States, also in the UK, France & Belgium where they are the leading brand. Zip also manufacture a \"\"Clean Wrap\"\", \"\"Fast & Clean\"\" or \"\"Wrapped\"\" product- the kerosene is encapsulated within a lightable plastic wrapper which keeps hands clean and rooms odour free. Zip has diversified into Natural firelighters- made of compressed wood fibre and wax, and in the UK and Ireland Zip", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12249469", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nare rectangular with a hinged top. On most models, the top of the case is slightly curved. Inside the case are the works of the lighter. The insert contains the spring-toggle lever that keeps the top closed, the wick, windscreen chimney, flintwheel, and flint, all of which are mounted on an open-bottom metal box that is slightly smaller than the bottom of the outer case, and into which it slips snugly. The hollow part of the interior box encloses five rayon balls (similar to cotton balls) which are in contact with the wick. The bottom of this is covered by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "381644", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nis blown from the top down, it will be easily extinguished. The proper way to extinguish the lighter is to close the top half, which starves the flame of oxygen, but unlike other lighters, this does not cut off the fuel supply. One of the recognizable features of Zippo is the fact that it burns with a wick. Opening the top lid produces an easily recognizable \"\"clink\"\" sound for which Zippo lighters are known, and a different but similarly recognizable \"\"clunk\"\" when the lighter is closed. This noise is produced by the spring-loaded toggling cam, a little lever that keeps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3054703", "chunk_text": "\"Zip cube\"\nZip cube A Zip firelighter (or \"\"zip cube\"\") is a packaged small block of solid fuel containing kerosene, sold as a firelighter in Ireland, Canada and the United States, also in the UK, France & Belgium where they are the leading brand. Zip also manufacture a \"\"Clean Wrap\"\", \"\"Fast & Clean\"\" or \"\"Wrapped\"\" product- the kerosene is encapsulated within a lightable plastic wrapper which keeps hands clean and rooms odour free. Zip has diversified into Natural firelighters- made of compressed wood fibre and wax, and in the UK and Ireland Zip also supply convenience Firelogs and the pre-assembled \"\"Fire In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9181898", "chunk_text": "Lighter\ntypical form of lighter is the \"\"permanent match\"\" or \"\"everlasting match\"\", consisting of a naphtha fuel-filled metal shell and a separate threaded metal rod assembly —the \"\"match\"\"— serving as the striker and wick. This \"\"metal match\"\" is stored screwed into the fuel storage compartment, the shell. The fuel-saturated striker/wick assembly is unscrewed to remove, and scratched against a flint on the side of the case to create a spark. Its concealed wick catches fire, resembling a match. The flame is extinguished by screwing the \"\"match\"\" back into the shell, where it absorbs fuel for the next use. An advantage over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12049951", "chunk_text": "Lighter\nLighter A lighter is a portable device used to create a flame, and to ignite a variety of combustible materials, such as cigars, gas stoves, fireworks, candles or cigarettes. It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with a flammable fluid or pressurized liquid gas, a means of ignition to produce the flame, and some provision for extinguishing the flame. Alternatively, a lighter can be powered by electricity, using an electric arc or heating element to ignite the target. The first lighters were converted flintlock pistols that used gunpowder. One of the first lighters was invented by the German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19412237", "chunk_text": "\"Portable stove\"\nliquids, including alcohol, gasoline or other motor fuels, kerosene, and jet propellant. Little or no modification is needed; due to variability of the volatility of different fuels, the jets of multi-fuel stoves may need to be changed for the different fuels, and many others. The \"\"coiled burner\"\" stove is a variant on the pressurized burner design, in which the burner assembly consists of a coiled loop with a small hole in the lower part, through which the vaporized fuel exits and combusts. Generally small, lightweight and cheaply made, these were sold under the brand name \"\"Stesco\"\", \"\"Tay-Kit\"\", \"\"Handy Camper\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "381645", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nthe lid closed or opened securely. Unlike disposable lighters, Zippo lighters purchased new do not contain fuel. Instructions for safely fueling the Zippo are included in its packaging. Zippo also offers for sale a name brand lighter fluid. Morley Safer, in his August 5, 1965 \"\"CBS News\"\" report of the Cam Ne affair and Private First Class Reginald \"\"Malik\"\" Edwards, the rifleman 9th Regiment, US Marine Corps Danang (June 1965 – March 1966) whose profile comprises chapter one of Wallace Terry's book, \"\"Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans\"\" (1984), describe the use of Zippo lighters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11272050", "chunk_text": "Lighter\nto absorb the fluid and prevent it from leaking. They employ an enclosed top to prevent the volatile liquid from evaporating, and to conveniently extinguish the flame. Butane lighters have a valved orifice that meters the butane gas as it escapes. A spark is created by striking metal against a flint, or by pressing a button that compresses a piezoelectric crystal (piezo ignition), generating an electric arc. In naphtha lighters, the liquid is sufficiently volatile, and flammable vapour is present as soon as the top of the lighter is opened. Butane lighters combine the striking action with the opening of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4152862", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nZippo A Zippo lighter is a reusable metal lighter manufactured by American Zippo Manufacturing Company of Bradford, Pennsylvania, United States of America. Thousands of different styles and designs have been made in the eight decades since their introduction including military versions for specific regiments. Since its invention Zippos have been sold around the world and have been described \"\"a legendary and distinct symbol of Americana\"\". In 2012 the company produced the 500-millionth unit. Since its inception Zippo Lighters have been almost exclusively manufactured in the United States, with the exception of those manufactured in Niagara, Canada (an operation that has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148462", "chunk_text": "\"Charcoal lighter fluid\"\nfluid is a chimney starter. The sale of petroleum-based charcoal lighter fluid is regulated in some jurisdictions due to its potential to cause photochemical smog through evaporation of its volatile organic compounds. The South Coast Air Quality Management District requires that all charcoal lighter fluids sold in its jurisdiction (essentially Southern California) meet the air quality standards set forth in District Rule 1174. Common substitutes are chimney and electric fire starters. In former Soviet countries the alcohol-based lighter fluid is sometimes consumed as a surrogate alcohol among very poor alcoholics because of its cheap price compared to vodka, just like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "381643", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nthe Zippo name, such as watches, leisure clothing and eau de cologne. This strategy is similar to the success Victorinox Swiss Army Brands Inc. has had selling watches, luggage, clothing, and fragrance. On June 5, 2012, the company manufactured its 500,000,000th lighter and celebrated its 80th anniversary. Zippo lighters, which have gained popularity as “windproof” lighters, are able to stay lit in harsh weather, due to the design of the windscreen and adequate rate of fuel delivery. A consequence of the windproofing is that it is hard to extinguish a Zippo by blowing out the flame. However, if the flame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15690874", "chunk_text": "\"Jet fuel\"\ninto the hot combustion chamber. Jet and gas turbine (turboprop, helicopter) aircraft engines typically use lower cost fuels with higher flash points, which are less flammable and therefore safer to transport and handle. The first axial compressor jet engine in widespread production and combat service, the Junkers Jumo 004 used on the Messerschmitt Me 262A fighter and the Arado Ar 234B jet recon-bomber, burned either a special synthetic \"\"J2\"\" fuel or diesel fuel. Gasoline was a third option but unattractive due to high fuel consumption. Other fuels used were kerosene or kerosene and gasoline mixtures. Most jet fuels in use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3913684", "chunk_text": "\"Hiking equipment\"\ncome from a spark, a chemical reaction, electricity, or concentrated solar energy. The more oxygen involved, the easier the fire starts and the hotter it burns. Organic material must either be dry or the fire must be hot enough to dry it and burn it. Fraying organic material is more combustible as a tinder. Grain dust and granulated sugar can ignite when oxygenated over a flame. Sources of ignition include flint, carbon steel, firesteel and a sharp edge, matches, butane and Zippo, and peanut lighters, and magnifying glasses. Fuels include natural substances like dry wood, peat and coal. pitch, petroleum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15690873", "chunk_text": "\"Jet fuel\"\ndefined by the requirements for the product, such as the freezing or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B), between about 5 and 15. Fuel for piston-engine powered aircraft (usually a high-octane gasoline known as avgas) has a high volatility to improve its carburetion characteristics and high autoignition temperature to prevent preignition in high compression aircraft engines. Turbine engines (like diesel engines) can operate with a wide range of fuels because fuel is injected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367733", "chunk_text": "\"Aviation fuel\"\nA-1), or a naphtha-kerosene blend (Jet B). Similar to diesel fuel, it can be used in either compression ignition engines or turbine engines. Jet-A powers modern commercial airliners and is a mix of pure kerosene and burns at temperatures at or above . Kerosene-based fuel has a much higher flash point than gasoline-based fuel, meaning that it requires significantly higher temperature to ignite. It is a high-quality fuel; if it fails the purity and other quality tests for use on jet aircraft, it is sold to other ground-based users with less demanding requirements, such as railroad engines. Avgas (aviation gasoline)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9181894", "chunk_text": "Lighter\n\"\"windproof\"\" butane lighters are manufactured for demanding conditions such as shipboard, high altitude, and wet climates. Some dedicated models double as synthetic rope cutters. Such lighters are often far hotter than normal lighters (those that use a \"\"soft flame\"\") and can burn in excess of . The windproof capabilities are not achieved from higher pressure fuel; windproof lighters use the same fuel (butane) as standard lighters, and therefore develop the same vapour pressure. Instead, windproof lighters mix the fuel with air and pass the butane–air mixture through a catalytic coil. An electric spark starts the initial flame, and soon the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15690878", "chunk_text": "\"Jet fuel\"\nJet A are marked with a black sticker with \"\"Jet A\"\" in white printed on it, adjacent to another black stripe. Jet A-1 fuel must meet: Jet A fuel must reach ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A) Typical physical properties for Jet A / Jet A-1 Jet B is a fuel in the naphtha-kerosene region that is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. However, Jet B's lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle. For this reason, it is rarely used, except in very cold climates. A blend of approximately 30% kerosene and 70% gasoline, it is known as wide-cut fuel.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12249471", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nthat keeps the flint in constant contact with the exterior flint-wheel. Spinning this rough-surfaced wheel against flint results in a spark that ignites the fluid in the wick. All parts of the lighter are replaceable. The Zippo lighter requires 108 manufacturing operations. Zippo released the Zippo BLU in 2007 (although there are many 2005 pre-release models). These are butane torch lighters, which Zippo has gone to great lengths to make sure are still \"\"identifiable as a Zippo\"\". Specifically, the lid and cam were \"\"tuned\"\" so that the lighter still makes the distinctive \"\"Zippo click\"\", and also it is one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17694061", "chunk_text": "Fuel\nfuel. They are also used to start a coal fire. Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container. It is the fumes of liquid fuels that are flammable instead of the fluid. Most liquid fuels in widespread use are derived from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure inside the Earth's crust. However, there are several types, such as hydrogen fuel (for automotive uses), ethanol, jet fuel and bio-diesel which are all categorized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18024010", "chunk_text": "\"Portable stove\"\nothers. A more substantial version of the coiled burner stove is the Swiss made Borde stove. The design of most portable gas cartridge stoves is similar to that of many pressurized burner stoves, except the fuel tank or cartridge contains a liquefied gas – typically butane, propane or a mixture of hydrocarbons – that is held under pressure. While the gas in the cartridge is in a liquid state when stored under pressure, it vaporizes immediately as it leaves the storage bottle (i.e., without priming), arriving at the burner as a gas. The principal advantage of gas cartridge stoves is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9181893", "chunk_text": "Lighter\nthe valve to release gas. The spark ignites the flammable gas causing a flame to come out of the lighter which continues until either the top is closed (naphtha type), or the valve is released (butane type). A metal enclosure with air holes generally surrounds the flame, and is designed to allow mixing of fuel and air while making the lighter less sensitive to wind. The high energy jet in butane lighters allows mixing to be accomplished by using Bernoulli's principle, so that the air hole(s) in this type tend to be much smaller and farther from the flame. Specialized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10975002", "chunk_text": "\"Zip fuel\"\ngeneral terms, boron-enhanced fuels offer up to 140% the energy density of plain JP-4 in terms of both weight and volume. In the US a whole family of fuels were investigated, and generally referred to by the names they were assigned during the Air Force's Project HEF: HEF-1 (ethyldiborane), HEF-2 (propylpentaborane), HEF-3 (ethyldecaborane), HEF-4 (methyldecaborane), and HEF-5 (ethylacetylenedecaborane). All zip fuels have a number of disadvantages. For one, the fuel is toxic, as is its exhaust. This was of little concern in flight, but a major concern for ground crews servicing the aircraft. The fuels burn to create solids that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6274892", "chunk_text": "\"Fuel gas\"\nFuel gas Fuel gas is any one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous. Many fuel gases are composed of hydrocarbons (such as methane or propane), hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or mixtures thereof. Such gases are sources of potential heat energy or light energy that can be readily transmitted and distributed through pipes from the point of origin directly to the place of consumption. Fuel gas is contrasted with liquid fuels and from solid fuels, though some fuel gases are liquefied for storage or transport. While their gaseous nature has advantages, avoiding the difficulty of transporting solid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15209895", "chunk_text": "\"Liquefied petroleum gas\"\nLiquefied petroleum gas Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas. Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are mostly propane (), mostly butane () and, most commonly, mixes including both propane and butane.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4736733", "chunk_text": "Lighter\nother naphtha lighters is that the fuel compartment is sealed shut with a rubber o-ring, which slows or stops fuel evaporation. A \"\"flameless lighter\"\" is a safe alternative to traditional lighters. The \"\"flameless lighter\"\" uses an enclosed heating element which glows, so that the device does not produce an open flame. Typical flameless heating elements are an electrically heated wire or an artificial coal. Flameless lighters are designed for use in any environment where an open flame, conventional lighters or matches are not permitted. The flameless lighter is used in many environments such as prisons and detention facilities, oil and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10975001", "chunk_text": "\"Zip fuel\"\nlow-mass elements, boron has the combination of high energy, low weight and wide availability that makes it interesting as a potential fuel. Boranes have a high specific energy, about 70,000 kJ/kg (30,000 BTU/lb). This compares favorably to a typical kerosene-based fuel, such as JP-4 or RP-1, which provides about 42,000 kJ/kg (18,000 BTU/lb). They are not suitable for burning as a fuel on their own, however, as they are often prone to self-ignition in contact with air, making them dangerous to handle. When mixed with conventional jet fuels, they add to the energy content while becoming somewhat more stable. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20881177", "chunk_text": "\"Coleman fuel\"\nColeman fuel Coleman fuel is a petroleum naphtha product marketed by the Coleman Company. Historically called white gas (not white spirit), it is a liquid petroleum fuel (100% light hydrotreated distillate) usually sold in one gallon cans in the United States, in Europe it is usually sold in one litre bottles. Coleman fuel is used primarily for fueling lanterns and camp stoves. Additionally, it is a popular fuel for fire dancing. Originally, it was simply casing-head gas or drip gas which has similar properties. Drip gas was sold commercially at gas stations and hardware stores in North America until the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6385086", "chunk_text": "\"Oxy-fuel welding and cutting\"\nthe end looks like a rose bud. A welding torch can also be used to heat small areas such as rusted nuts and bolts. A typical oxy-fuel torch, called an equal-pressure torch, merely mixes the two gases. In an injector torch, high-pressure oxygen comes out of a small nozzle inside the torch head which drags the fuel gas along with it, using the venturi effect. Oxy-fuel processes may use a variety of fuel gases, the most common being acetylene. Other gases that may be used are propylene, liquified petroleum gas (LPG), propane, natural gas, hydrogen, and MAPP gas. Many brands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12249472", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nthe only butane torch lighters that uses a flint and striker wheel. There is also the BLU2, which features a more square frame and eliminates the fuel gauge on the side of the original Zippo BLU. As of January 1, 2016, the BLU line of lighters are discontinued. Zippo has stated that they will continue to service all previously sold BLU lighters. In addition to its 2010 purchase of the Ronson brand in the US and Canada, Zippo also owns W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co. of Bradford, Pennsylvania, Zippo UK, Ltd. of London, England, and Zippo Fashion Italia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12292815", "chunk_text": "\"M132 Armored Flamethrower\"\nmm caliber M73 machine gun. The weapons could be traversed though 360 degrees and elevated to +55 degrees and depressed to −15 degree. The passenger compartment was removed, and replaced with an M10 fuel and pressure unit and four spherical 50 gallon fuel tanks. The 200 gallon fuel capacity enabled it to fire for up to 32 seconds, and the pressure unit enabled it to reach targets at a range of 200 meters. This allowed the vehicle to effectively attack its target. M132 Armored Flamethrower The M132 Armored Flamethrower (nickname, \"\"Zippo\"\") was a United States built flamethrower armed variant of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19412244", "chunk_text": "\"Portable stove\"\nsurface such as a tabletop. This type of stove may have a separate fuel tank for each burner, or more commonly a single tank shared by both burners. Multiple burner stoves generally use compressed gas, alcohol or Naphtha (also known as White gas or Coleman fuel). A solid-fuel stove may consist of no more than a metal base plate and container to hold the fuel, a set of legs to keep this assembly out of contact with the ground, and some supports for a billycan or other cooking vessel. This design is scalable, and may be used for anything from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20471044", "chunk_text": "\"Portable stove\"\nweeds, to cook a meal, and with this less air pollution. The single AA battery operated, fan-driven Sierra \"\"Zip\"\" stove burns small twigs, pinecones, bark, or other small flammable items. The fuel is placed into a small chamber and, with the fan turned on, burns at a high heat output of 15,000 BTUs/hr (4.40 kW), about twice that of typical gasoline stoves. Because the wood burns quickly in a Zip stove, it needs to be constantly refueled during cooking. However, because of its ability to take advantage of whatever small bits of wood that can be scrounged from the forest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8777589", "chunk_text": "\"Fuel oil\"\nFuel oil Fuel oil (also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil) is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. In general terms, fuel oil is any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners. Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. The term \"\"fuel oil\"\" is also used in a stricter sense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19084901", "chunk_text": "Fuel\neasily compressed. Commonly used for cooking and space heating, LP gas and compressed propane are seeing increased use in motorized vehicles; propane is the third most commonly used motor fuel globally. Fuel gas is any one of a number of fuels that are gaseous under ordinary conditions. Many fuel gases are composed of hydrocarbons (such as methane or propane), hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or mixtures thereof. Such gases are sources of potential heat energy or light energy that can be readily transmitted and distributed through pipes from the point of origin directly to the place of consumption. Fuel gas is contrasted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5170996", "chunk_text": "\"Chafing fuel\"\nChafing fuel Chafing fuel is a fuel used for heating food, typically placed under a chafing dish. It is usually sold in a small canister and burned directly within that canister, with or without a wick. The fuel often contains methanol, ethanol, or diethylene glycol, as these may be burned safely indoors, and produce minimal soot or odor. These fuels are also used for emergency heating, outdoor cooking, and fondue. The first two fuels are similar with regards to consistency, both having a gel form (viscosities can vary with brand), operating procedures, and product design. The common gel methanol or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3616665", "chunk_text": "\"Catalytic heater\"\nCatalytic heater A catalytic heater is a type of heater which relies on catalyzed chemical reactions to break down molecules and produce heat. Catalytic heaters can be used wherever heat is required, producing heat at a lower, more controlled rate than unconstrained combustion. Examples of smaller and larger heaters are soldering irons, hand warmers (such as the Jon-E or Zippo) and space-heating appliances. Current small-scale space heaters are typically propane (LP) or butane fueled, whereas many older types used liquid fuel (naphtha, lighter fluid, Coleman camping fuel or \"\"white gas\"\" in the USA) or alcohol. Pocket-sized catalytic hand warmers have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4152865", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nand popular souvenirs for visitors to Vietnam. After World War II, the Zippo lighter became increasingly used in advertising by companies large and small through the 1960s. Much of the early Zippo lighter advertising are works of art painted by hand, and as technology has evolved, so has the design and finish of the Zippo lighter. The basic mechanism of the Zippo lighter has remained unchanged, but they developed into a popular fashion accessory, with a huge variety of artistic designs produced. In 2002, Zippo expanded its product line to include a variety of utility-style multi-purpose lighters, known as Zippo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1934645", "chunk_text": "\"Hot air balloon\"\ngoes out and the optional piezo ignition fails, the pilot should have ready access to a means of backup ignition, such as a flint spark lighter. Many systems, especially those that carry passengers, have completely duplicate fuel and burner systems: two fuel tanks, connected to two separate hoses, which feed two distinct burners. This enables a safe landing in the case of a blockage somewhere in one system or if a system must be disabled because of a fuel leak. A fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing propane fires is useful. Most balloons carry a 1 or 2 kg AB:E type", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8729885", "chunk_text": "\"Liquid fuel\"\nusing an outside ignition source, such as a spark plug. Kerosene is used in kerosene lamps and as a fuel for cooking, heating, and small engines. It displaced whale oil for lighting use. Jet fuel for jet engines is made in several grades (Avtur, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7 or JP-8) that are kerosene-type mixtures. One form of the fuel known as RP-1 is burned with liquid oxygen as rocket fuel. These fuel grade kerosenes meet specifications for smoke points and freeze points. In the mid-20th century, kerosene or \"\"TVO\"\" (Tractor Vaporising Oil) was used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19441325", "chunk_text": "\"Zip fuel\"\nboronated fuels over the years, starting with the U.S. Army's rocket-related Project HERMES in the late 1940s, the U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics's Project ZIP in 1952, and the U.S. Air Force's Project HEF (High Energy Fuels) in 1955. For much of the 1950s, zip fuels were considered to be the \"\"next big thing\"\" and considerable funds were expended on these projects in an effort to bring them into service. The Navy's name stuck, and all of the boronated fuels became known as \"\"zip fuels\"\", although the Air Force's naming for the fuels themselves became common. The main thrust of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "381642", "chunk_text": "Zippo\nhave been produced for Zippo collectors. From 1949 to 2002, Zippos were also produced in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Since 1933, over 500,000,000 Zippo lighters have been produced. In 2009, Zippo announced plans to purchase Ronson Consumer Products Corporation, a long-time competitor in the lighter market. On February 3, 2010, the deal was finalized. In March 2011, due to significant decrease of sales from 18 million lighters a year in the mid-1990s to about 12 million lighters a year recently, combined with increasing pressure on people not to smoke, Zippo Manufacturing Co. tried offering a wider variety of products using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18397144", "chunk_text": "\"Portable stove\"\ndesigned for military use, such as the World War II-era G.I. Pocket Stove, were designed to run on gasoline. So-called \"\"white gas\"\" or naphtha is commonly used as a fuel for camping and backpacking stoves, such as the compact Svea 123. Newer camping stoves are capable of burning multiple types of fuel, which makes them well suited for international travel where some particular types of fuel may not be readily available. The use of lightweight portable stoves for camping became commonplace in Britain and Europe in the latter half of the 19th Century. The practice gained acceptance later in North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19616745", "chunk_text": "\"Chimney starter\"\nthat are usually insulated. The chimney starter works by placing newspaper underneath the grate and igniting it. This fire rises through the grate and ignites the charcoal. It is commonly used where charcoal lighter fluid, a toxic petroleum derivative, is inappropriate or banned. It is also used when extra charcoals are required while the grill is being used, such as when slowly cooking something for a few hours. A type of chimney starter's basic device, named Automatic Dump Type Charcoal Lighter, was invented in the 1960s by Hugh King, Lavaughn Johnson, and Garner Byars of Corinth, Mississippi and marketed under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7854532", "chunk_text": "\"Multi-fuel stove\"\nnon-renewable, is that it creates thick, toxic smoke. This creates dense smog in urban areas, for example, in London, England during the Victorian era. Multi-fuel stoves also exist for camping and trekking use. They are lightweight and burn liquid fuel such as white gas, kerosene, or even automobile petrol, depending upon the stove model. Refillable and pre-filled fuel canisters are sold for these stoves. Liquid fuel is mixed with air (vaporized) and channeled through an opening called the \"\"jet\"\" toward the burner. Some designs require \"\"priming\"\" before use, by pumping the stove several times to release air and fuel through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_774	first jnanpith award was an autor of which language?	n/a	[ "Malayalam" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17520613", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nThe first Selection Board consisted of Kalelkar, Niharranjan Ray, Karan Singh, R. R. Diwakar, V. Raghavan, B. Gopal Reddy, Harekrushna Mahatab, Rama Jain, and Lakshmi Chandra Jain and was headed by Sampurnanand. Works that were published between 1921 and 1951 were considered for the first award. The nine language committees that were formed were to submit to the board nominations along with translations of the work into Hindi or English. The final round had four authors; Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bengali), D. V. Gundappa (Kannada), Viswanatha Satyanarayana (Telugu), and G. Sankara Kurup (Malayalam). On 19 November 1966, Kurup was presented with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17520616", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nEnglish. The recipient for a particular year is announced by the Selection Board, which has final authority in selection. Jnanpith Award The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their \"\"outstanding contribution towards literature\"\". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral. From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their \"\"most outstanding work\"\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1539087", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nJnanpith Award The Jnanpith Award is an Indian literary award presented annually by the Bharatiya Jnanpith to an author for their \"\"outstanding contribution towards literature\"\". Instituted in 1961, the award is bestowed only on Indian writers writing in Indian languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and English, with no posthumous conferral. From 1965 till 1981, the award was given to the authors for their \"\"most outstanding work\"\" and consisted of a citation plaque, a cash prize of , and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The first recipient of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20114245", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nthe award was the Malayalam writer G. Sankara Kurup who received the award in 1965 for his collection of poems, Odakkuzhal (\"\"The Bamboo Flute\"\"), published in 1950. The rules were revised in subsequent years to consider only works published during the preceding twenty years, excluding the year for which the award was to be given and the cash prize was increased to from 1981. , the cash prize has been revised to and out of twenty-three eligible languages the award has been presented for works in sixteen languages: Hindi (eleven), Kannada (eight), Bengali (six), Malayalam (five), Gujarati, Marathi, Odia, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17520614", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nthe citation, statue of Saraswati, and a cheque for prize of at a ceremony held at Vigyan Bhavan, Delhi. In his acceptance speech, Kurup appreciated the concept of the new award and thanked it for bringing \"\"integration of the diverse people of this land on a spiritual plane\"\". The nominations for the award are received from various literary experts, teachers, critics, universities, and numerous literary and language associations. Every three years, an advisory committee is constituted for each of the languages. The language of the most recent recipient's work is not eligible for consideration for the next two years. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20114246", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nUrdu (four each), Telugu (three), Assamese, Punjabi, and Tamil (two each), English, Kashmiri, Konkani, and Sanskrit (one each). The award has been conferred upon fifty-eight writers including seven women authors. In 1976, Bengali novelist Ashapoorna Devi became the first woman to win the award and was honoured for the 1965 novel \"\"Pratham Pratisruti\"\" (\"\"The First Promise\"\"), the first in a trilogy. The most recent recipient of the award is English fiction writer Amitav Ghosh who was awarded for the year 2018. The Bharatiya Jnanpith, a research and cultural institute founded in 1944 by industrialist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20114248", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nimplementation. The idea was also discussed at the 1962 annual sessions of the All India Gujarati Sahitya Parishad and the Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad. On 2 April 1962, around 300 writers of various Indian languages were invited to Delhi for the two sessions conducted by Dharamvir Bharati in which the draft was finalised and later presented to Prasad. The first award selection committee meeting was scheduled on 16 March 1963 and Prasad was appointed as its president. However, Prasad died on 28 February 1963 and thus the scheduled meeting was chaired by Kalelkar and Sampurnanand acted as president of the committee.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1539090", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\nSahu Jain family, conceived an idea in May 1961 to start a scheme \"\"commanding national prestige and of international standard\"\" to \"\"select the best book out of the publications in Indian languages\"\". Later in November, Rama Jain, the Founder President of the Bharatiya Jnanpith, invited a few literary experts to discuss various aspects of the scheme. Jain along with Kaka Kalelkar, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Jainendra Kumar, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Prabhakar Machwe, Akshaya Kumar Jain, and Lakshmi Chandra Jain presented the initial draft to the then President of India Rajendra Prasad who had shown interest in the scheme's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11140201", "chunk_text": "\"Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar\"\nVishnu Sakharam Khandekar Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar (11 January 1898 – 2 September 1976) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. He was the first Marathi author to win the prestigious Jnanpith Award. Khandekar was born in Sangli, Maharashtra. His father was a \"\"munsif\"\" in Sangli principality. In his early life, he was interested in acting in movies and staged various dramas in his school days. In 1920, Khandekar started working as a school teacher in a small town, \"\"Shirode\"\", in the present-day Sindhudurg district of the Konkan region in Maharashtra. He worked in that school until 1938. While working as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17520615", "chunk_text": "\"Jnanpith Award\"\ncommittee consists of three literary critics and scholars of their respective languages. All the nominations are scrutinised by the committee and their recommendations are submitted to the Jnanpith Award Selection Board (Pravara Parishad). The Selection Board consists of between seven and eleven members of \"\"high repute and integrity\"\". Each member is part of the committee for a term of three years which can also be extended further for two more terms. The recommendations of all language advisory committees are evaluated by the board based on complete or partial translations of the selected writings of the proposed writers into Hindi or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11140204", "chunk_text": "\"Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar\"\nthe dialogue and screenplay for the Marathi movie \"\"Lagna Pahāwe Karoon\"\" (1940). Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar (11 January 1898 – 2 September 1976) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. He was the first Marathi author to win the prestigious Jnanpith Award. Khandekar was born in Sangli, Maharashtra. His father was a \"\"munsif\"\" in Sangli principality. In his early life, he was interested in acting in movies and staged various dramas in his school days. In 1920, Khandekar started working as a school teacher in a small town, \"\"Shirode\"\", in the present-day Sindhudurg district of the Konkan region", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20807648", "chunk_text": "\"Indian literature\"\nPāli Canon. In the medieval period, literature in Kannada and Telugu appeared in the 9th and 11th centuries respectively. Later, literature in Marathi, Odia and Bengali appeared. Thereafter literature in various dialects of Hindi, Persian and Urdu began to appear as well. Early in the 20th century, Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore became India's first Nobel laureate. In contemporary Indian literature, there are two major literary awards; these are the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship and the Jnanpith Award. Eight Jnanpith Awards each have been awarded in Hindi and Kannada, followed by five in Bengali and Malayalam, four in Odia, four in Gujarati,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2932375", "chunk_text": "\"Bharatiya Jnanpith\"\nBharatiya Jnanpith Bharatiya Jnanpith a literary and research organization, based in New Delhi, India, was founded on February 18, 1944 by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family and his wife Rama Jain to undertake systematic research and publication of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Apabhramsha texts and covering subjects like religion, philosophy, logic, ethics, grammar, astrology, poetics. Its research and publication programme started with the publication of the Dhavala texts. A Jain temple at Moodabidri in Karnataka, southern India, had stored for centuries its manuscript of palm-leaves. It was a 9th-century commentary in Prakrit and Sanskrit, of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2932376", "chunk_text": "\"Bharatiya Jnanpith\"\n2nd-century AD work, Satkhandagama, in Prakrit on the Jain doctrine of karma. It has published two series of texts: It annually publishes hundreds of books in Hindi (both original and translated works) and other languages, and also presents India's highest literary awards, the Jnanpith Awards and the Moortidevi Award. Bharatiya Jnanpith Bharatiya Jnanpith a literary and research organization, based in New Delhi, India, was founded on February 18, 1944 by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family and his wife Rama Jain to undertake systematic research and publication of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali and Apabhramsha texts and covering subjects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12820305", "chunk_text": "\"G. Sankara Kurup\"\nG. Sankara Kurup G. Sankara Kurup, (3 June 1901, Nayathode, Kingdom of Cochin (now in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India) – 2 February 1978, Vappalassery, Angamaly, Ernakulam district, Kerala), better known as Mahakavi G (The Great Poet G), was the first winner of the Jnanpith Award, India's highest literary award. He won the prize in 1965 for his collection of poems in Malayalam \"\"Odakkuzhal\"\" (The Bamboo Flute, 1950). With part of the prize money he established the literary award Odakkuzhal in 1968. He was also the recipient of the Soviet Land Nehru Award, in 1967, and the Padma Bhushan in 1968.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17519897", "chunk_text": "\"Ravindra Kelekar\"\nAward, which was the first given to a Konkani-language writer.[10] The pinnacle of his career came with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement in 2007.[9] A lifelong proponent of regional languages, in his acceptance speech for the Jnanpith award, he said, \"\"People have stopped reading books in regional languages. On the other hand, through English, we have created Bonsai intellectuals, Bonsai writers and Bonsai readers.\"\"[21] When the Vishwa Konkani Sahitya Academy, an offshoot of the Konkani Language and Cultural Foundation, was set up in 2006, the first work it took up for translation was Velavaylo Dhulo, a collection of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3492596", "chunk_text": "\"Moortidevi Award\"\nwriter Pratibha Ray became the first woman to win the award and was honoured for the 1985 novel \"\"Yajnasani\"\". Ray and Nirmal Verma have won both the Moortidevi as well as the Jnanpith Award. As of 2017, Bengali poet Joy Goswami is the most recent recipient of the award. The Bharatiya Jnanpith, a research and cultural institute founded in 1944 by industrialist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Sahu Jain family, conceived an idea in May 1961 to start a scheme \"\"commanding national prestige and of international standard\"\" to \"\"select the best book out of the publications in Indian languages\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15431503", "chunk_text": "\"Masti Venkatesha Iyengar\"\n2006–07, at a nearby location. <br>Epics <br>Novels <br>Stories and Anthologies <br>Plays <br>Autobiography <br>Other Masti Venkatesha Iyengar Maasthi Venkatesa Iyengar (6 June 1891 – 6 June 1986) was a well-known writer in Kannada language. He was the fourth among Kannada writers to be honored with the Jnanpith Award, the highest literary honor conferred in India. He was popularly referred to as \"\"Maasti Kannadada Aasti\"\" which means \"\"Maasti, Kannada's Treasure\"\". He is most renowned for his short stories. He wrote under the pen name \"\"Srinivasa\"\". He was honoured with the title \"\"Rajasevasakta\"\" by then Maharaja of Mysore Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wadeyar. Maasti was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2165713", "chunk_text": "Nagarjun\nBengali language and used to write for Bengali newspapers. He was close to the Bengali Hungry generation or \"\"Bhookhi Peerhi\"\" poets and helped Kanchan Kumari in translating Malay Roy Choudhury's long poem \"\"JAKHAM\"\" and Chana Jor Garam in Hindi Nagarjun was given the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1969 for his historic book \"\"Patarheen Nagna Gachh\"\", and the 'Bharat Bharati Award' by the Uttar Pradesh government for his literary contributions in 1983. He was also honoured by the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, India's highest literary award for lifetime achievement, in 1994. Nagarjun Vaidyanath Mishra (30 June 1911 – 5 November 1998), better", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13025156", "chunk_text": "\"Telugu language\"\nJnanpith Award for his magnum opus \"\"Ramayana Kalpavrukshamu\"\". C. Narayana Reddy won the Jnanpith Award in 1988 for his poetic work, \"\"Viswambara\"\". Ravuri Bharadhwaja won the 3rd Jnanpith Award for Telugu literature in 2013 for \"\"Paakudu Raallu\"\", a graphic account of life behind the screen in film industry. \"\"Kanyasulkam\"\", the first social play in Telugu by Gurajada Appa Rao, was followed by the progressive movement, the free verse movement and the Digambara style of Telugu verse. Other modern Telugu novelists include Unnava Lakshminarayana (\"\"Maalapalli\"\"), Bulusu Venkateswarulu (\"\"Bharatiya Tatva Sastram\"\"), Kodavatiganti Kutumba Rao and Buchi Babu. Telugu input, display, and support", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2089016", "chunk_text": "\"Modern Kannada literature\"\nModern Kannada literature Modern Kannada literature refers to the body of literature written in the Kannada language, a language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka. The Kannada script is the writing system used in Kannada literature. In the last forty years, eight modern Kannada authors have been awarded the Jnanpith award, a prestigious private literary award in India. In addition, the Sahitya Akademi Award, the second-highest award for literature granted by the Government of India, has been conferred upon Kannada writers fifty times. The nascent beginnings of modern Kannada literature can be traced to the early 19th century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2427103", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Languages Festival\"\nfor standing against the authoritarian forces in contemporary Indian society and broadening the scope of human empathy through an extraordinary body of work.\"\" The inaugural award in 2012 had been conferred upon the legendary Odiya writer Sitakant Mahapatra for \"\"his lifetime contribution to Odiya and Indian literature; for extraordinary efforts in generating dialogue across Indian languages through creative and administrative activism, for emancipation of dialects and oral traditions and for unrelenting advocacy of plurality of idea and expression.\"\" In this fifth year of India Habit Centre's Indian Languages Festival Samanvay, as part of the rethinking of the festival as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19024650", "chunk_text": "\"Kannada poetry\"\nKannada poetry Kannada, is the language spoken in Karnataka. Karnataka has eight Jnanapeeth award winners, the highest honor bestowed for Indian literature. From the period of Adikavi Pampa, who proclaimed his wish to be reborn as a little bee in the land of Kannada, Kannada poetry has come a long way to Kuvempu and Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre. Kannada poetry has been traced back to around 5th century A.D, though none of those early works have been found. The earliest extant poetry in \"\"tripadi\"\" meter are the Kappe Arabhatta records of 700 C.E. The first well known Kannada poet was Adikavi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17519896", "chunk_text": "\"Ravindra Kelekar\"\nSchedule of the Indian Constitution as an official language.[16] With life's mission completed, Kelkar retired from public life, focusing mainly of his writing.[7] On 26 February 1975, the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, recognised Konkani as an independent language.[citation needed] The first Sahitya Akademi Award for a work in Konkani was won by Kelekar for his travelogue, Himalayant, in 1977.[17][18][19] The Akademi's first Translation Award in Konkani also went to Kelekar in 1990 for Ami Taankan Manshant Haadle, a Konkani translation of a collection of essays in Gujarati, Mansaeena Diva, by Jhaverchand Meghani.[20] He received the 2006 Jnanpith", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2242613", "chunk_text": "\"Dhumketu (writer)\"\nhim on the life of Hemachandra, a Jain scholar and poet. \"\"Jivanpanth\"\" and \"\"Jivanrang\"\" are two of his autobiography which provided a vivid glimpse of his past life and an idea of how he became a writer. In 1935, he was awarded Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, the highest award in Gujarati literature, which he refused to accept. He received Narmad Suvarna Chandrak for literary activities in 1949. He served as an adviser to the Sahitya Akademi, Delhi for Gujarati in 1957. He won the rare honour to represent India in a book published in the USA with the title \"\"Stories From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17618613", "chunk_text": "\"Sanskrit literature\"\nabundance of contemporary Sanskrit literature: Similarly, , in \"\"Post-Independence Sanskrit Literature: A Critical Survey\"\", estimates that more than 3000 Sanskrit works were composed in the period after Indian Independence (i.e., since 1947) alone. Further, much of this work is judged as being of high quality, both in comparison to classical Sanskrit literature, and to modern literature in other Indian languages. Since 1967, the Sahitya Akademi, India's national academy of letters, has had an award for the best creative work written that year in Sanskrit. In 2009, Satyavrat Shastri became the first Sanskrit author to win the Jnanpith Award, India's highest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16016546", "chunk_text": "\"Tamil language\"\ngenerally taken to have been written shortly thereafter. Among Indian languages, Tamil has the most ancient non-Sanskritic Indian literature. Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (300 BC–AD 700), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BC with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil) was created by Lord Shiva. Murugan, revered as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5331090", "chunk_text": "\"Maharashtriya Jnanakosha\"\nMaharashtriya Jnanakosha Maharashtriya Jnanakosha (Devanagari:महाराष्ट्रीय ज्ञानकोश, IAST:Mahārāṣṭrīya jñānakośa) is the first encyclopaedia in the Marathi language. Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar was the chief editor the encyclopedia. Work began in 1916 and it was completed in 1928. The encyclopaedia was published in 23 volumes. The first five volumes are introductory, and consist of a series of lengthy articles on various sociological and historical subjects. They are titled as follows: Volumes 6 through 21 consist of an alphabetically arranged series of short articles (as in a conventional encyclopaedia). Volume 22 is the index (सूची), and finally volume 23 (Hindusthan, हिंदुस्थान) contains some additional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13625230", "chunk_text": "\"H. V. Nanjundaiah\"\ndark\"\" He was conferred the title of Rajamantra Praveena or Privy councillor by the Maharaja of Mysore, as he was the Maharaja's closest political and administrative advisor. During difficult administrative periods, he would function as the Acting Diwan of Mysore also. Nanjundaiah was made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1915, an honor of chivalry bestowed upon him by HRH King George V. Nanjundaiah's mother tongue was Telugu but he had great love for his adopted Kannada language. He founded the Kannada Sahitya Parishat to promote Kannada through publishing books, organizing literary seminars, promoting research projects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17519887", "chunk_text": "\"Ravindra Kelekar\"\nwon by Kelekar for his travelogue, \"\"Himalayant\"\", in 1977. The Akademi's first Translation Award in Konkani also went to Kelekar in 1990 for \"\"Ami Taankan Manshant Haadle\"\", a Konkani translation of a collection of essays in Gujarati, \"\"Mansaeena Diva\"\", by Jhaverchand Meghani. He received the 2006 Jnanpith Award, which was the first given to a Konkani-language writer. The pinnacle of his career came with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement in 2007. A lifelong proponent of regional languages, in his acceptance speech for the Jnanpith award, he said, \"\"People have stopped reading books in regional languages. On the other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9209038", "chunk_text": "Karnataka\nand writer who wrote Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate, the state anthem of Karnataka was the first recipient of the \"\"Karnataka Ratna\"\" award, the highest civilian award bestowed by the Government of Karnataka. Contemporary Kannada literature has received considerable acknowledgement in the arena of Indian literature, with eight Kannada writers winning India's highest literary honour, the Jnanpith award. Tulu is spoken mainly in the coastal districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. \"\"Tulu Mahabharato\"\", written by Arunabja in the Tigalari script, is the oldest surviving Tulu text. Tigalari script was used by Brahmins to write Sanskrit language. The use of the Kannada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17897310", "chunk_text": "Kuvempu\nKuvempu Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa (29 December 1904 – 11 November 1994), popularly known by his pen name Kuvempu, was an Indian novelist, poet, playwright, critic and thinker. He is widely regarded as the greatest Kannada poet of the 20th century. He is the first among Kannada writers to be by decorated with the Jnanpith Award. Kuvempu studied at Mysuru University in the 1920s, taught there for nearly three decades and served as its vice-chancellor from 1956 to 1960. He initiated education in Kannada as the language medium. For his contributions to Kannada Literature, the Government of Karnataka decorated him with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16491426", "chunk_text": "\"Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya\"\nselfless promotion of such genuine such writers made his a part of legend and folklore during his lifetime. Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya (14 October 1924 – 6 August 1997) was an Indian writer of assamese origin. He was one of the pioneers of modern Assamese literature. He was the first ever Assamese writer to receive the Jnanpith Award, which was awarded to him in the year 1979 for his novel \"\"Mrityunjay\"\" (Immortal), followed by Indira Goswami in 2001. He was also a recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award in Assamese in 1961 for his Assamese novel \"\"Iyaruingam\"\", which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "590717", "chunk_text": "\"Hindustani language\"\nthe majority of the population, Urdu is the \"\"lingua franca\"\". \"\"Hindustani\"\" was the official language of the British Raj and was synonymous with both Hindi and Urdu. After India's independence in 1947, the Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights recommended that the official language of India be Hindustani: \"\"Hindustani, written either in Devanagari or the Perso-Arabic script at the option of the citizen, shall, as the national language, be the first official language of the Union.\"\" However, this recommendation was not adopted by the Constituent Assembly. Besides being the \"\"lingua franca\"\" of North India and Pakistan in South Asia, Hindustani is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12933934", "chunk_text": "Kannada\nis written using the Kannada script, which evolved from the 5th-century Kadamba script. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia, and literary Old Kannada flourished in the 6th-century Ganga dynasty and during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Dynasty. Kannada has an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years. Kannada literature has been presented with 8 Jnanapith awards, the most for any Dravidian language and the second highest for any Indian language. Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the ministry of culture, the government of India designated Kannada a classical language of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15431499", "chunk_text": "\"Masti Venkatesha Iyengar\"\nMasti Venkatesha Iyengar Maasthi Venkatesa Iyengar (6 June 1891 – 6 June 1986) was a well-known writer in Kannada language. He was the fourth among Kannada writers to be honored with the Jnanpith Award, the highest literary honor conferred in India. He was popularly referred to as \"\"Maasti Kannadada Aasti\"\" which means \"\"Maasti, Kannada's Treasure\"\". He is most renowned for his short stories. He wrote under the pen name \"\"Srinivasa\"\". He was honoured with the title \"\"Rajasevasakta\"\" by then Maharaja of Mysore Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wadeyar. Maasti was born in 1891 at Hungenahalli in Kolar district of Karnataka in a Tamil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4082334", "chunk_text": "\"Tamil language\"\nTamil became the first legally recognised Classical language of India. The recognition was announced by the contemporaneous President of India, Abdul Kalam, in a joint sitting of both houses of the Indian Parliament on 6 June 2004. The socio-linguistic situation of Tamil is characterised by diglossia: there are two separate registers varying by socioeconomic status, a high register and a low one. Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. For example, the word for \"\"here\"\"—' in \"\"Centamil\"\" (the classic variety)—has evolved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7886219", "chunk_text": "\"Sahitya Akademi Award\"\nmade directly from the original language would always be preferred. In 1995, the Akademi also held that joint translations would be eligible, and in 1997, it dispensed with the process of advertising for nominations and replaced it with invitations for recommendations from advisory boards and Committee members. As of 2002, 264 prizes have been awarded to 266 translators. Named after the Ceylon Tamil writer Ananda Coomaraswamy, the fellowship was started in 1996. It is given to scholars from Asian countries to spend 3 to 12 months in India to pursue a literary project. Named after Hindi writer Premchand, the fellowship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12934733", "chunk_text": "Kannada\ncentury has been influenced by many movements, notably \"\"Navodaya\"\", \"\"Navya\"\", \"\"Navyottara\"\", \"\"Dalita\"\" and \"\"Bandaya\"\". Contemporary Kannada literature has been highly successful in reaching people of all classes in society. Further, Kannada has produced a number of prolific and renowned poets and writers such as Kuvempu, Bendre, and V K Gokak. Works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith awards, the highest number awarded to any Indian language. Besides being the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka, Kannada language is present in other areas: There is also a considerable difference between the spoken and written forms of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20641523", "chunk_text": "\"Krishna Sobti\"\nand her Fellowship, citing governmental inaction following riots in Dadri, concerns regarding freedom of speech, as well as comments made by a government minister concerning Hindi writers. She was offered the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 2010, which she declined, stating that, \"\"As a writer, I have to keep a distance from the establishment. I think I did the right thing.\"\" She received Jnanpith Award in 2017 for her 'path-breaking contribution to Indian literature'. The Bharatiya Jnanpith mentioned in the statement that 'the language used by Sobti in her writings is influenced by the intermingling of Hindi,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5331091", "chunk_text": "\"Maharashtriya Jnanakosha\"\ninformation about India. The entire encyclopedia is made available on the internet by Yashwantrao Chavan Pratishthan, Mumbai. Some articles are updated. Maharashtriya Jnanakosha Maharashtriya Jnanakosha (Devanagari:महाराष्ट्रीय ज्ञानकोश, IAST:Mahārāṣṭrīya jñānakośa) is the first encyclopaedia in the Marathi language. Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar was the chief editor the encyclopedia. Work began in 1916 and it was completed in 1928. The encyclopaedia was published in 23 volumes. The first five volumes are introductory, and consist of a series of lengthy articles on various sociological and historical subjects. They are titled as follows: Volumes 6 through 21 consist of an alphabetically arranged series of short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087445", "chunk_text": "\"Tamil Lexicon dictionary\"\nthe Tamil language dates back to antiquity, the first regular lexicon of the language, with words arranged alphabetically, did not appear until the eighteenth century. Lexicons of the earlier period were not arranged alphabetically but metrically, on the basis of the first-letter rhyme, a characteristic of Tamil poetry. \"\"Agaraadhi Nigandu\"\" was the first alphabetically arranged lexicon published in 1594. Several dictionaries followed suit, including those by the foreign missionaries, such as \"\"Palporut Choolaamani\"\", \"\"Podhigai Nigandu\"\", Tamil–Portuguese Dictionary of Fr. Antem de Proenca, \"\"Dictionarium Tamulicum\"\", \"\"Chathur Agaraadhi\"\", Fabricius's Tamil–English Dictionary, \"\"Manual Dictionary of the Tamil Language\"\" (The Jaffna Dictionary), \"\"Oru Sor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10474659", "chunk_text": "\"Pampa Award\"\nPampa Award The Pampa Award (or Pampa Prashasti) is a literary award in the Indian state of Karnataka. The award was established in 1987 by Government of Karnataka. It is one of the highest literary honors conferred by the Department of Kannada and Culture, Government of Karnataka State. It is awarded each year for a best literary work, written in the Kannada language (one of the 22 Official languages of India) or for a lifetime contribution to Kannada literature by a citizen of Karnataka. The award is named after the first Kannada poet Adikavi Pampa. The award comprises a cash", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "493414", "chunk_text": "\"Newar language\"\ntaken the form of publication of books and periodicals to public meets and protest rallies. Writers and language workers have been jailed or expelled from the country, and they have continued the movement abroad. The struggle for linguistic rights has sometimes combined with the movement for religious and political freedom in Nepal. The period between 1909 and 1941 is considered as the renaissance era of Newar. During this period, a few authors braved official disapproval and started writing, translating, educating and restructuring the language. Writers Nisthananda Bajracharya, Siddhidas Mahaju, Jagat Sundar Malla and Yogbir Singh Kansakar are honored as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20173891", "chunk_text": "Jorhat\nsex ratio in Jorhat, it stood at 934 females per 1000 males, according to the Census 2011 Directorate. Jorhat has been able to produce many creative writers, historians, journalists, et cetera. Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, the first Assamese to win India's highest literature award, the Jnanpith Award, was from Jorhat. Six established daily newspapers published from Jorhat are - \"\"Dainik Janambhumi\"\", \"\"Amar Asom\"\", \"\"Dainik Agradoot\"\" and \"\"Asomiya Khobor\"\" in Assamese, The \"\"Purbanchal Prohori\"\" in Hindi and \"\"The Telegraph\"\" in English. \"\"The Eastern Clarion\"\" was the first English daily published from the city, but it went into administration. Apart from the dailies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "652163", "chunk_text": "\"Vinayaka Krishna Gokak\"\non 9 August of every year. Vinayaka Krishna Gokak Vinayaka Krishna Gokak (9 August 1909 – 28 April 1992) was a major writer in the Kannada language and a scholar of English and Kannada literatures. He was the fifth writer to be honoured with the Jnanpith Award in 1990 for Kannada language, for his epic \"\"Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi\"\". Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi deals with the Vedic age and is perhaps the longest epic narrative in any language in the 20th Century. In 1961, Gokak was awarded the Padma Shri from the Government of India for \"\"Dyava Prithvi\"\". Gokak was born on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5817038", "chunk_text": "IndoWordNet\nby the TDIL project. IndoWordNet IndoWordNet is a linked lexical knowledge base of wordnets of 18 scheduled languages of India, viz., Assamese, Bangla, Bodo, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. In early 90s, the wordnet for English- called Princeton WordNet- was created in Princeton University by George Miller and Christiane Fellbaum who went on to get the prestigious Zampoli Prize in 2006. Then followed the EuroWordNet- the conglomeration of European Language wordnets- which got created in 1998. Wordnets are now essential resources for Natural Language Processing, Information Extraction, Word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18100610", "chunk_text": "\"Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar\"\nas India's national language. The bill was passed and ruled that Hindi would become the nation's official language in 1965. However, Hindi was never made the national language as a result of the Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu. In 1946, Dhulekar was elected as a member of Constituent Assembly of India. From 1952 to 1957, he served one term as a member of the Parliament of India,1st Lok Sabha. From 1958 to 1964, he was also elected as Chairman of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council. Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar Pandit Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar (7 January 1891 in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh – 1980)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "493861", "chunk_text": "\"Newar language\"\nFour Pillars of Nepal Bhasa. Shukraraj Shastri and Dharmaditya Dharmacharya were also at the forefront of the Renaissance. In 1909, Bajracharya published the first printed book using movable type. Shastri wrote a grammar of the language entitled \"\"Nepal Bhasa Vyakaran\"\", the first one in modern times. It was published from Kolkata in 1928. His other works include \"\"Nepal Bhasa Reader\"\", Books 1 and 2 (1933) and an alphabet book \"\"Nepali Varnamala\"\" (1933). Mahaju's translation of the Ramayan and books on morals and ethics, Malla's endeavours to impart education in the native language and other literary activities marked the renaissance. Dharmacharya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18546851", "chunk_text": "\"National Film Award for Best Screenplay\"\nindustry produces films in around twenty languages and dialects, as of 2016, the seventy-three unique writers have been awarded those who have worked in nine major languages: Bengali (eleven awards), Hindi (twenty awards), Malayalam (twelve awards), Marathi (seven awards), Tamil (six awards), Kannada (five awards), English (two awards), Sanskrit and Assamese (one award each). The inaugural award, in 1967, of this category was presented to S. L. Puram Sadanandan for the Malayalam film \"\"Agniputhri\"\". No award was presented at the 23rd National Film Awards (1975). , Malayalam author and screenplay writer M. T. Vasudevan Nair holds the record of winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_775	who played the mad hatter in the batman tv show?	n/a	[ "Roddy McDowall", "David Wayne", "Benedict Samuel" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16108515", "chunk_text": "\"Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)\"\n'Tapper'. The Mad Hatter (also referred to as \"\"Jervis Tetch\"\") is a supervillain and enemy of the Batman in DC comic books, making his first appearance in the October 1948 (#49) release of \"\"Batman\"\". He is portrayed as a brilliant neurotechnician with considerable knowledge in how to dominate and control the human mind. He has also appeared in the Batman television series, and various video games. In the 1951 Walt Disney animated feature \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\", the Hatter appears as a short, hyperactive man with grey hair, a large nose and a comical voice. He was voiced by Ed Wynn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12507448", "chunk_text": "\"Benedict Samuel\"\nBenedict Samuel Benedict Samuel (born 15 April 1988) is an Australian actor, writer and director best known for playing Jervis Tetch/Mad Hatter in the Fox crime series \"\"Gotham\"\". Samuel was born in Sydney, Australia, to Maree and Clifford Samuel. The youngest of three siblings, his brother is actor Xavier Samuel and his sister, Bridget Samuel, the eldest, is a stage manager. Benedict is graduate of The National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA). Following his education at NIDA, Samuel began writing and directing a number of short films including \"\"Sanctuary\"\" which was released in 2012 and will star his brother Xavier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9137533", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nthe 1960s television series. The opening credits feature Batman rope-climbing up a building, something that Adam West and Burt Ward often did in the show. Several villains from the 1960s show including King Tut, Egghead, Mad Hatter, Archer, Bookworm, False Face, Black Widow, Siren, Marsha Queen of Diamonds, Louie the Lilac, Ma Parker, and Shame make cameo appearances as prisoners at Iron Heights prison in the episode \"\"Day of the Dark Knight!\"\" They are all captured by Batman and Green Arrow during a mass escape attempt. In \"\"Mayhem of the Music Meister!\"\" the same villains have brief cameos. The episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5355366", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\ntwo episodes, echoing the old movie serials. Some ABC affiliates weren't happy that ABC included a fourth commercial minute in every episode of \"\"Batman\"\". One affiliate refused to air the series. The network insisted it needed the extra advertising revenue. The Joker, the Penguin, the Riddler, Catwoman, Mr. Freeze, and the Mad Hatter, villains who originated in the comic books, all appeared in the series, the plots for which were deliberately villain-driven. According to the producers, Frank Gorshin was selected to portray the Riddler due to the fact that he was a Batman fan since childhood. Catwoman was portrayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10570753", "chunk_text": "\"Batman: The Animated Series\"\nas the Mad Hatter, David Warner as Ra's al Ghul, Michael York as Count Vertigo, Kate Mulgrew as Red Claw, George Murdock as and George Dzundza as the Ventriloquist. One of the series' best-known inventions is the Joker's assistant, Harley Quinn, who became so popular that DC Comics later added her to mainstream Batman comic book continuity. The Penguin underwent change for the series; his appearance was remodeled after the version seen in \"\"Batman Returns\"\", which was in production simultaneously with the series' first season. New life was also given to lesser-known characters for the series such as the Clock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4646874", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nBatman (TV series) Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience). This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk. It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15773115", "chunk_text": "\"David Wayne\"\nClause\"\". He starred as Darius Woodley in two 1961 episodes of NBC's \"\"The Outlaws\"\" television series with Barton MacLane. Also in 1961, Wayne appeared in the Bell Telephone Company-produced driver safety film \"\"Anatomy Of an Accident\"\", about a family outing tragically cut short by a car accident. He played the Mad Hatter, one of the recurring villains in the 1960s television series \"\"Batman\"\". In 1964, he guest-starred in the series finale, \"\"Pay Now, Die Later\"\", of CBS's drama, \"\"Mr. Broadway\"\", starring Craig Stevens as public relations specialist Mike Bell. In the storyline, Wayne's character, the wealthy John Zeck, hires Bell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8309086", "chunk_text": "\"Benedict Samuel\"\nalso appeared in the short film \"\"Kiss\"\". He appeared as Owen, a member of the Wolves gang, in the American post-apocalyptic zombie series \"\"The Walking Dead\"\" and as Jacob Harding in the thriller film \"\"The Stanford Prison Experiment\"\". In 2016, Samuel was cast as famous Batman villain The Mad Hatter, the main antagonist of the third season of \"\"Gotham\"\". He continued to play the character in a recurring capacity during the fourth season. Benedict Samuel Benedict Samuel (born 15 April 1988) is an Australian actor, writer and director best known for playing Jervis Tetch/Mad Hatter in the Fox crime series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12558025", "chunk_text": "\"Burt Ward\"\nBurt Ward Burt Ward (born Bert John Gervis Jr. , July 6, 1945) is an American actor and activist best known for his portrayal of Robin, the sidekick of Batman (played by Adam West), in the television series \"\"Batman\"\" (1966–1968), its theatrical feature film, the 1977 Saturday Morning animated series \"\"The New Adventures of Batman\"\", \"\"Legends of the Superheroes\"\" (1979), and two animated feature films, \"\"\"\" (2016) and \"\"Batman vs. Two-Face\"\" (2017). Ward was born Bert John Gervis Jr., on July 6, 1945, in Los Angeles, California. His father, Bert Sr., was the owner of a traveling ice show called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9137541", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nand Alfred. Also, Adam West is a playable character. The Batmobile from the show is also included as a drivable vehicle. The end credits sequence remakes the Batclimb window cameos. Batman (TV series) Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16195359", "chunk_text": "\"Mad Hatter (comics)\"\nwas a Joker who had been force fed an overdose of pills by Batman which temporarily cured him of his insanity) to control Clayface. Particles from Clayface’s body were then slipped into the drinks of other Batman villains so that Napier could control them by way of Clayface’s ability to control parts of his body that had been separated from him. The Mad Hatter appears in the \"\"\"\" series where he is voiced by Peter MacNicol. Mad Hatter (comics) The Mad Hatter (Jervis Tetch) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16195316", "chunk_text": "\"Mad Hatter (comics)\"\nMad Hatter (comics) The Mad Hatter (Jervis Tetch) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. He is modeled after the Hatter from Lewis Carroll's novel \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\", a character often called the \"\"Mad Hatter\"\" in adaptations of Carroll. The Mad Hatter is depicted as a scientist who invents and uses technological mind-controlling devices to influence and manipulate the minds of his victims. He is one of Batman's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery. Created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462177", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nstill serious—adventure show. However, Dozier, who had never before read comic books, concluded, after reading several Batman comics for research, that the only way to make the show work was to do it as a pop-art campy comedy. Originally, espionage novelist Eric Ambler was to have scripted a TV movie that would launch the television series, but he dropped out after learning of Dozier's campy comedy approach. Eventually, two sets of screen tests were filmed, one with Adam West and Burt Ward and the other with Lyle Waggoner and Peter Deyell, with West and Ward winning the roles. Lorenzo Semple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462202", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\n(and future Manson family victim) Jay Sebring, appears uncredited during the fight scene and has a couple of spoken lines. The villains commonly have henchmen whose names are somehow associated with the villain's identity; for example, Catwoman's henchmen have cat-related names like Felix and Leo. Characters commonly use alliterations. Examples include Batman referring to the Joker as a \"\"hateful harlequin\"\" and the Penguin calling Catwoman a \"\"feline floozy\"\". Only two of the show's guest villains ever discovered Batman's true identity: Egghead by deductive reasoning, and King Tut on two occasions – the first time with a bug placed on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5355407", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nto explain to children that Batman could not fly. Ward exclaimed in one line, \"\"Holy broken vones!\"\" during this filming. In a 1974 PSA for the U.S. Department of Labor Wage & Hour Division narrated by William Dozier, Batman and Robin were tied to a post amid the threat of a ticking time bomb, but Batgirl (Yvonne Craig) refused to release them because she was paid less than Robin (Burt Ward), in violation of the Federal Equal Pay Law. Dick Gautier played Batman this time, because West was, at the time, trying to distance himself from the role. During the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19010581", "chunk_text": "\"Byron Keith\"\nByron Keith Byron Keith (November 17, 1917 – January 19, 1996) was an American actor. Keith was born Cletus Leo Schwitters, and he worked on radio as Clete Lee. He made his film debut in the 1946 Orson Welles thriller \"\"The Stranger\"\" and appeared mostly in supporting character roles in film and television productions, including \"\"Untamed Mistress\"\" (1956), \"\"The Great Bank Robbery\"\" (1969) and \"\"Beware! The Blob\"\" (1972). He is best known for his recurring part as Gotham City's Mayor Linseed on the 1960s television series \"\"Batman.\"\" He also had a recurring role as police lieutenant Roy Gilmore in \"\"77", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19809137", "chunk_text": "\"Byron Keith\"\nSunset Strip\"\". Byron Keith Byron Keith (November 17, 1917 – January 19, 1996) was an American actor. Keith was born Cletus Leo Schwitters, and he worked on radio as Clete Lee. He made his film debut in the 1946 Orson Welles thriller \"\"The Stranger\"\" and appeared mostly in supporting character roles in film and television productions, including \"\"Untamed Mistress\"\" (1956), \"\"The Great Bank Robbery\"\" (1969) and \"\"Beware! The Blob\"\" (1972). He is best known for his recurring part as Gotham City's Mayor Linseed on the 1960s television series \"\"Batman.\"\" He also had a recurring role as police lieutenant Roy Gilmore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10570754", "chunk_text": "\"Batman: The Animated Series\"\nKing. In addition, dramatic changes were made to other villains such as Clayface and Mr. Freeze, who was changed from a gimmicky mad scientist to a tragic figure whose \"\"frigid exterior [hid] a doomed love and vindictive fury\"\". New villains such as Red Claw, Mary Louise Dahl (\"\"Baby-Doll\"\"), Kyodai Ken, Tygrus and the Sewer King were invented for the series, but to little acclaim. On the other hand, the Joker's accomplice Harley Quinn, Gotham City police detective Renee Montoya, the vigilante Lock-Up, and former actor Simon Trent achieved such popularity that they became characters in the comics. Older villains that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5472589", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 3)\"\nAnd we didn't just make her older with that attack. When she's changed and transformed, there's a real character change as well. She'll still have some of the same traits, but she'll be much darker, more manipulative than the Ivy we've seen so far. There's a more evil quality to her as well. It's more than just physical.\"\" On June 2016, it was revealed that the Mad Hatter would be appearing in the third season. On July 18, \"\"The Walking Dead\"\"s vet Benedict Samuel was cast in the role, with the role described as \"\"a talented hypnotist teetering on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12552173", "chunk_text": "Riddler\n59th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. The character has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, such as feature films, television series and video games. The Riddler has been voiced by John Glover in the DC animated universe, Robert Englund in \"\"The Batman\"\", and Wally Wingert in the . He has been portrayed in live-action by Frank Gorshin and John Astin in the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" television series, Jim Carrey in the 1995 film \"\"Batman Forever\"\", and Cory Michael Smith in the FOX television show \"\"Gotham\"\". The Riddler has an obsession with riddles, puzzles, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9137517", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nits list of the 100 Greatest Episodes. In 2009, \"\"Better Luck Next Time\"\" was ranked #72. The series' stars, Adam West and Burt Ward, were typecast for decades afterwards, with West especially finding himself unable to escape the reputation of a hammy, camp actor. However, years after the series' impact faded, an episode of \"\"\"\" paid tribute to West with an episode titled \"\"Beware The Gray Ghost\"\". In this episode, West himself provided the voice of an aging star of a superhero television series Bruce Wayne had watched as a child and from which he later found inspiration. This gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17223933", "chunk_text": "\"Adam West\"\nAdam West William West Anderson (September 19, 1928 – June 9, 2017), known professionally as Adam West, was an American actor known primarily for his role as Batman in the 1960s ABC series of the same name and its 1966 theatrical feature film. West began acting in films in the 1950s. He played opposite Chuck Connors in \"\"Geronimo\"\" (1962) and The Three Stooges in \"\"The Outlaws Is Coming\"\" (1965). He also appeared in the science fiction film \"\"Robinson Crusoe on Mars\"\" (1964) and performed voice work on \"\"The Fairly OddParents\"\" (2003–2017), \"\"The Simpsons\"\" (1992, 2002), and \"\"Family Guy\"\" (2000–2018), playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4646889", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nUnited States, Kitt's performance in the series marked the second mainstream television success of a black female, following Nichelle Nichols as Lt. Uhura in \"\"Star Trek\"\" and continued breaking the racial boundaries of the time. Kitt's performance as Catwoman would also, later, inspire Halle Berry's portrayal of the character in the 2004 film \"\"Catwoman\"\", in which Berry would mimic Kitt's famous purrs. Frank Gorshin, the original actor to play the Riddler, returned for a single appearance after a one-season hiatus, during which John Astin made one appearance in the role. The nature of the scripts and acting started to enter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14372048", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Devon\"\nsometime cohort of the lead character played by Jock Mahoney. He also played the role of Cole Striker, a crook, in the 1963 episode \"\"Incident of the Buryin' Man\"\" on CBS's \"\"Rawhide\"\". He provided the voice of Batman on the pilot of a Batman radio program. Devon's film credits included the 1957 horror film \"\"The Undead\"\", \"\"War of the Satellites\"\", \"\"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\"\", \"\"The Comancheros\"\", and the \"\"Battle of Blood Island\"\". Devon died of vascular disease on February 26, 2010, in Mill Valley, California. Richard Devon Richard Devon (December 11, 1926 – February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9697634", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Gough\"\nI love you. God bless. Michael (Mr Wayne) Keaton.\"\" Gough was added in \"\"In Memoriam\"\" at the 18th Screen Actors Guild Awards. Michael Gough Francis Michael Gough ( ; 23 November 1916 – 17 March 2011) was an English character actor who made over 150 film and television appearances, known for his roles in the Hammer Horror Films from 1958 and for his recurring role as Alfred Pennyworth in all four films of the Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher \"\"Batman\"\" tetralogy. Gough was born in Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States (now Malaysia) on 23 November 1916, the son of English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8515199", "chunk_text": "\"Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)\"\nOswald Cobblepot (Gotham) Oswald Cobblepot, known as The Penguin, is a fictional character who appears as one of the primary antagonists on the Fox TV series Gotham. He is portrayed by American actor Robin Lord Taylor and is based on the character of the same name, created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, that appears as one of Batman's greatest foes. He has been considered the show's breakout character. \"\"Gotham\"\" marks the second time that The Penguin was portrayed on live television, with the first being in the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" series in which Burgess Meredith played him. In taking on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18126974", "chunk_text": "\"Bruce Wayne (TV series)\"\nin September 2000, Darren Aronofsky signed on to direct the film adaptation, with Miller as the screenwriter, and supposedly Aaron Eckhart (who would go on to play Harvey Dent in \"\"The Dark Knight\"\") as Jim Gordon, and several actors, including Ben Affleck (who would go to play Batman in the DC Extended Universe), Brendan Fraser, Josh Hartnett, and Christian Bale (who would go to play Batman in \"\"The Dark Knight Trilogy\"\"), for the part of Batman. Thus, because the movie division did not want to compete with a television series, the planned show was shelved. The pilot is bookended by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19412226", "chunk_text": "\"Look into My Eyes (Gotham)\"\nJuly 18, \"\"The Walking Dead\"\"s vet Benedict Samuel was cast in the role, with the role described as \"\"a talented hypnotist teetering on the edge of madness. He arrives in Gotham with an unwavering desire to find his sister, Alice, a young woman who went missing in the city years ago.\"\" On August 23, 2016, Naian Gonzalez Norvind was cast as his sister, Alice, with her role being described as \"\"she has a powerful ability she was born with, that she thinks is a curse and Jervis Tetch aka Mad Hatter, thinks is a gift.\"\" Chris Chalk and Maggie Geha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9511500", "chunk_text": "\"Bane in other media\"\nBane in other media Bane was originally a comic book character and Batman's adversary, but has appeared in several other forms of media. He has been portrayed by Robert Swenson in \"\"Batman & Robin\"\", Tom Hardy in \"\"The Dark Knight Rises\"\", and Shane West in \"\"Gotham\"\". Henry Silva, Joaquim de Almeida, Ron Perlman, Clancy Brown, Michael Dorn, Danny Trejo, Héctor Elizondo, Carlos Alazraqui, Fred Tatasciore, Jason Liebrecht, Steven Blum, JB Blanc, and Doug Benson have all provided voice work for the character. Peter Marinker voices Bane in the radio adaption of \"\"Batman: Knightfall\"\". Even though the producers were reluctant to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8429726", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Gough\"\nMichael Gough Francis Michael Gough ( ; 23 November 1916 – 17 March 2011) was an English character actor who made over 150 film and television appearances, known for his roles in the Hammer Horror Films from 1958 and for his recurring role as Alfred Pennyworth in all four films of the Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher \"\"Batman\"\" tetralogy. Gough was born in Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States (now Malaysia) on 23 November 1916, the son of English parents Francis Berkeley Gough and Frances Atkins (née Bailie). Gough was educated at Rose Hill School, Tunbridge Wells, and at Durham School.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10570760", "chunk_text": "\"Batman: The Animated Series\"\nwork together in solving the case of missing valuable cat statues while Batman is away. Some of the other antagonists that appeared in the series included characters such as Poison Ivy, Catwoman, the Riddler, the Mad Hatter, Ra's al Ghul, Talia al Ghul, Man-Bat, the Penguin, the Scarecrow, Killer Croc, Bane, the Ventriloquist and his dummy Scarface, Hugo Strange and Tony Zucco. Other \"\"good guy\"\" characters featured in the show not previously mentioned include Alfred Pennyworth, Harvey Bullock, the Gray Ghost (an original character created by the series to portray Bruce Wayne's childhood hero and crime-fighting inspiration), Lucius Fox and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14337628", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Gorshin\"\nRole in a Comedy) for his best remembered role as The Riddler on ABC's 1960s live-action television series \"\"Batman\"\", starring Adam West and Burt Ward. Gorshin's portrayal of the character included a high-pitched, deranged cackle, inspired by that of Tommy Udo (Richard Widmark) in \"\"Kiss of Death\"\" (1947). He played the Riddler in ten episodes of the series as well as the theatrical movie, although John Astin made one appearance in the role on an occasion when Gorshin was unavailable. He reprised the role in the 1979 television movie \"\"Legends of the Superheroes\"\". Gorshin also had a memorable role in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3847887", "chunk_text": "\"Adam West\"\nwere from March–April 2017 at the \"\"SouthCoast Comic Con & Collectibles Extravaganza\"\" in Hanover, Massachusetts, where he was the guest of honor, Fan Expo Dallas, and the second annual \"\"Silicon Valley Comic Con\"\". Adam West William West Anderson (September 19, 1928 – June 9, 2017), known professionally as Adam West, was an American actor known primarily for his role as Batman in the 1960s ABC series of the same name and its 1966 theatrical feature film. West began acting in films in the 1950s. He played opposite Chuck Connors in \"\"Geronimo\"\" (1962) and The Three Stooges in \"\"The Outlaws Is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2521673", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (1966 film)\"\nBatman (1966 film) Batman (often promoted as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 American superhero film based on the \"\"Batman\"\" television series, and the first full-length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character Batman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin. The film hit theaters two months after the of the television series. The film includes most members of the original TV cast, with the exception of Lee Meriwether as Catwoman, the character previously played by Julie Newmar in two episodes of the series' first season. When Batman and Robin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12462203", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nBatmobile and the second time by accidentally mining into the Batcave. Egghead was tricked into disbelieving his discovery, though, as was Tut in the episode when he bugged the Batmobile. In the episode when Tut tunneled into the Batcave, he was hit on the head by a rock, which made him forget his discovery and jarred him back into his identity as a mild-mannered professor of Egyptology at Yale University. While under the spell of the Siren (Joan Collins), Commissioner Gordon found the Batcave beneath Wayne Manor and deduced Batman's true identity, but Alfred gassed him to prevent his informing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5825838", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Conroy\"\nKevin Conroy Kevin Conroy (born November 30, 1955) is an American actor and voice actor best known for his voice role as the DC Comics character Batman on the 1990s Warner Bros. television series \"\"\"\", as well as various other TV series and feature films in the DC animated universe. Due to the popularity of his performance as Batman, Conroy went on to voice the character for multiple films under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner and various video games, including the acclaimed \"\"\"\" series. Born in Westbury, New York to an Irish Catholic family, Conroy moved to Westport,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7489115", "chunk_text": "\"Batman: Arkham Origins\"\ndeformed criminal Killer Croc (Khary Payton), and master martial artist Shiva (Kelly Hu). Batman is considered an outlaw by the Gotham City police, and is pursued by Captain James Gordon (Michael Gough), Detective Harvey Bullock (Robert Costanzo) and corrupt GCPD officials Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb and SWAT team leader Branden. Other characters include the psychopathic Joker (Troy Baker); black-market weapons dealer Penguin (Nolan North); the mind-controlling Mad Hatter (Peter MacNicol); anti-government, anti-corporate anarchist Anarky (Matthew Mercer); rogue hacker Enigma (Wally Wingert); Alberto Falcone; Gordon's teenage daughter Barbara, and Blackgate warden Martin Joseph (Khary Payton). The story takes place before Batman's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14337619", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Gorshin\"\nFrank Gorshin Frank John Gorshin Jr. (April 5, 1933 – May 17, 2005) was an American character actor, impressionist, and comedian. He was perhaps best known as an impressionist, with many guest appearances on \"\"The Ed Sullivan Show\"\" and \"\"Tonight Starring Steve Allen\"\". His most famous acting role was as the Riddler on the live-action television series \"\"Batman\"\". Gorshin was born on April 5, 1933, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Catholic parents Frances, a seamstress, and Frank Gorshin Sr., a railroad worker. He was of Slovenian ancestry. His father, Frank Sr., was a second-generation Slovenian-American whose parents emigrated to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12599754", "chunk_text": "\"Douglas Croft\"\nDouglas Croft Douglas Croft (August 12, 1926 – October 24, 1963), born Douglas Malcom Wheatcroft, was an American child actor who is best remembered for being the first person to portray the DC Comics character Robin, the Boy Wonder, as well as his secret identity Dick Grayson, in the 1943 serial \"\"Batman\"\" when he was 16 years old. Croft was born Douglas Malcom Wheatcroft on August 12, 1926, in Seattle, Washington, in the United States. His mother, Beatrice Hayden, married the silent film actor Stanhope Nelson Wheatcroft. They divorced in 1922, and his mother relocated to San Francisco. His parents'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12029364", "chunk_text": "\"The Batman\"\nwhile his partner Yin finally realizes she was right about Batman and forms an alliance with him. The Batman's reimagined villains introduced in this season include Rupert Thorne (voiced by Victor Brandt), the Joker (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson), the Penguin (voiced by Tom Kenny), Catwoman (voiced by Gina Gershon), Mr. Freeze (voiced by Clancy Brown), Firefly (voiced by Jason Marsden), the Ventriloquist and Scarface (voiced by Dan Castellaneta), Man-Bat (voiced by Peter MacNicol), Cluemaster (voiced by Glenn Shadix), and Bane (voiced by Joaquim de Almeida in the first appearance, Ron Perlman in the second, and Clancy Brown in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1650390", "chunk_text": "\"Victor Buono\"\nVictor Buono Victor Charles Buono (February 3, 1938January 1, 1982) was an American actor, comic, and briefly a recording artist. He was known for playing the villain King Tut on the television series \"\"Batman\"\" (1966–1968) and musician Edwin Flagg in \"\"What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?\"\" (1962), the latter of which earned him Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations. He was a busy actor from his late teens until his death at age 43 and, with his large size and sonorous voice, he made a career of playing men much older than he was. Buono was born in San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580727", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Napier\"\nAlan Napier Alan William Napier-Clavering (7 January 1903 – 8 August 1988), better known as Alan Napier, was an English actor. After a decade in West End theatres, he had a long film career in Britain and later, in Hollywood. Napier is best known today for portraying Alfred Pennyworth, Bruce Wayne's butler in the 1960s live-action \"\"Batman\"\" television series. Napier was the son of Claude Gerald Napier-Clavering (1869–1938) and Mary Millicent Kenrick (1871–1932), sister of Wilfred Byng Kenrick, and a first cousin-once removed of Neville Chamberlain, Britain's prime minister from 1937 to 1940. He was educated at Packwood Haugh School", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5829898", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Clark\"\nvarious TV credits to his name. His first television appearance was in a December 1996 episode of \"\"Only Fools and Horses\"\", where he played a mugger in the iconic \"\"Batman and Robin\"\" scene. In 1998, he appeared in season 10 of \"\"Hale and Pace\"\". In 2003, he appeared in the British sitcom \"\"Mad About Alice\"\" as Jason. In 2004, he appeared as Johnny Two Hats in \"\"The Mighty Boosh\"\" episode \"\"Electro\"\". The same year, he had guest appearances in \"\"French and Saunders\"\" and in the 2005 Christmas special of \"\"My Family\"\". In 2006, Clark appeared in the ITV comedy drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8515218", "chunk_text": "\"Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)\"\nCobblepot, with the character being cited as the show's breakout character. Danny DeVito, who portrayed Penguin in the second Tim Burton Batman movie \"\"Batman Returns\"\", also praised Taylor's performance, saying, \"\"I think he's a very good young Penguin. He's a terrific actor.\"\" Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham) Oswald Cobblepot, known as The Penguin, is a fictional character who appears as one of the primary antagonists on the Fox TV series Gotham. He is portrayed by American actor Robin Lord Taylor and is based on the character of the same name, created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, that appears as one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14714659", "chunk_text": "\"Penguin (character)\"\nrebuild. The Penguin is in the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" television series, in which he was portrayed by Burgess Meredith. Spencer Tracy was offered the role but he said he would only accept the role if he was allowed to kill Batman. Meredith's performance is perhaps best remembered for his signature laugh, meant to mimic the squawk of a penguin. (One cause of the laugh was the cigarettes the character always smoked, which irritated Meredith's throat as he was a non-smoker.) His thugs wear black bowler hats and dark clothing adorned with names of various animals of prey, such as birds (\"\"Hawk\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1298015", "chunk_text": "\"Batman OnStar commercials\"\nthe villain,\"\" which had apparently been missed. The actor portraying Batman in the OnStar spots is Bruce Thomas, Curtis Armstrong portrays The Joker in one of the ads, Vicki Vale is played by Brooke Burns, and The Riddler is played by Brian Stepanek in one of the ads. Michael Gough, who portrays Bruce Wayne's butler, Alfred Pennyworth, in the \"\"Batman\"\" films directed by Tim Burton and Joel Schumacher, reprises his role in the OnStar ads. The voice of OnStar Representative, Karen Boyd, is that of Joanna Rubiner. OnStar began a $50 million ad campaign in February 2000, although it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9164017", "chunk_text": "Jehoshaphat\nAre You?\"\", the character Francis Muldoon cited his partner's frequent use of the phrase \"\"Jumpin' Jehosephat!\"\" as a source of annoyance in the episode entitled \"\"Change Your Partners\"\". The televised \"\"Batman\"\" live-action program of the 1960s also featured Robin, played by Burt Ward, uttering the phrase as an emphatic exclamation, and it was also incorporated into the talking alarm clock alarms voiced again by Burt Ward in 1974 in the \"\"talking Batman & Robin alarm clock\"\" made by Janex. 'Jehoshaphat!' was the standard curse-word used by Elijah Baley, protagonist of the first three novels of Isaac Asimov's Robot Series. Decades", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19244465", "chunk_text": "Batsuit\n\"\"Batman\"\" comics. The live-action \"\"Batman\"\" television series of the 1960s, starring Adam West, featured a blue-purple and gray version of the Batsuit with the ears and cape shortened (to allow for closer shots during filming and to avoid West getting tripped up). There were also light blue eyebrows painted on the cowl, along with a light blue-line on the nosepiece. Tim Burton's Batman films feature a black Batsuit with the yellow-ellipsed bat emblem, yellow utility belt, and heavy armor placed on the chest, forearms and boots, with the chest armor molded to look like a well developed upper body incorporating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5355370", "chunk_text": "\"Batman (TV series)\"\nHarriet was reduced to just two cameo appearances during the third season, due to Madge Blake's poor health and the issue of trying to fit so many characters (Batman, Robin, Batgirl, Alfred, Commissioner Gordon, Chief O'Hara and a guest villain) into a half hour episode. Another cast change for the final season was replacing Julie Newmar, who had been a popular recurring guest villain as the Catwoman for the first two seasons. Singer-actress Eartha Kitt assumed the role for season three, as Newmar was working on the film \"\"Mackenna's Gold\"\" at that time and thus unable to appear. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16195353", "chunk_text": "\"Mad Hatter (comics)\"\nfollowing his debut, a very different Mad Hatter appeared, who claimed to be Jervis Tetch. This Mad Hatter first appeared in \"\"Detective Comics\"\" #230 in April 1956 by Bill Finger, and Sheldon Moldoff, and, unlike the original, was sane and sported a gaudy mustache. He was primarily a thief, apparently obsessed with completing his private collection of hats from all nations, cultures, and historical periods. He often constructed various weaponry concealed inside his hats like flame-throwers and buzzsaws. The headgear he wanted most was, of course, Batman's cowl. In numerous attempts, he tried to de-cowl Batman. After many tries, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_776	how many cracker barrels in the united states?	n/a	[ "639", "more than 600" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120027", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\ninfrastructure issues related to this rapid growth by implementing a more rigorous recruitment strategy and introducing new technology, including an order-placement system. From the late 1990s to the mid-2000s, the company focused on opening new locations in residential areas to attract local residents and workers as customers. It updated its marketing in 2006 to encourage new customers, changing the design of its highway billboard advertisements to include images of menu items. Previously the signs had featured only the company's logo. By 2011, Cracker Barrel had opened more than 600 restaurants in 42 states. On January 17, 2012, company founder Dan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366632", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nCracker Barrel Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee. The corporate offices are located at a different facility in the same city. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. , the chain operates 645 stores in 44 states. Cracker Barrel's menu is based on traditional Southern cuisine, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366638", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nincluding eggs and salsa in Texas and Reuben sandwiches in New York, but continued to offer its original menu items in all restaurants. By September 1997, Cracker Barrel had 314 restaurants, and aimed to increase the number of stores by approximately 50 per year over the following five years. The firm closed its Corner Market operations in 1997 and refocused on its restaurant and gift store locations. Its then president, Ron Magruder, stated that the chain was concentrating on strengthening its core theme, offering traditional foods and retail in a country store setting, with good service and country music. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366636", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nmid to late 1970s, the firm began to build restaurants without pumps. Into the early 1980s, the company reduced the number of gas stations on-site, eventually phasing them out altogether as the company focused on its restaurant and gift sales revenues. Cracker Barrel became a publicly traded company in 1981 to raise funds for further expansion. It floated more than half a million shares, raising $4.6 million. Following the initial public offering, Cracker Barrel grew at a rate of around 20 percent per year; by 1987, the company had become a chain of more than 50 units in eight states,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366639", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nchain opened its first restaurant and gift store not located near a highway in 1998, in Dothan, Alabama. In the 2000s, in the wake of incidents including charges of racial discrimination and controversy over its policy of firing gay employees, the firm launched a series of promotional activities including a nationwide book drive and a sweepstakes with trips to the Country Music Association Awards and rocking chairs among the prizes. The number of combined restaurants and stores owned by Cracker Barrel increased between 1997 and 2000, to more than 420 locations. In 2000 and 2001, the company addressed staffing and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366659", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nmenu, and asked that the Smithfield Foods deal be nullified by the U.S. District Court in the Northern District of Illinois. Cracker Barrel Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee. The corporate offices are located at a different facility in the same city. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366637", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nwith annual net sales of almost $81 million. The company grew consistently through the 1980s and 1990s, attaining a $1 billion market value by 1992. In 1993, the chain's revenue was nearly twice that of any other family restaurant. In 1994, the chain tested a carry-out-only store, Cracker Barrel Old Country Store Corner Market, in suburban residential neighborhoods. In addition, it expanded into new markets through the establishment of more traditional Cracker Barrel locations, the majority of them outside the South, and tested alterations to its menus to adapt to new regions. The chain added regional dishes to its menus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366634", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\na U.S. Department of Justice (USDOJ) investigation found that Cracker Barrel discriminated against minority customers; patrons complained of racially segregated seating and service quality. In an agreement with the USDOJ, Cracker Barrel implemented non-discrimination policies and pledged to focus on improving minority representation and civic involvement, particularly in the black community. Company shareholders added sexual orientation to the company's non-discrimination policy in 2002. Cracker Barrel was founded in 1969 by Dan Evins, a sales representative for Shell Oil, who developed the restaurant and gift store concept initially as a plan to improve gasoline sales. Designed to resemble the traditional country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366643", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\neach store are authentic artifacts, including everyday objects from the early 1900s and after. Each restaurant features a front porch lined with wooden rocking chairs, a wooden peg solitaire game on every table, and a stone fireplace with a deer head displayed above the mantel. In fact, each location has five common items: a shotgun, a cookstove, a deer head, a telephone, and a traffic light. The peg games have been present in Cracker Barrel since the opening of the first store, and continue to be produced by the same family in Lebanon, Tennessee. The decor at each location typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16734240", "chunk_text": "\"Alimentation Couche-Tard\"\nbrand on all of its stores in English Canada, the United States, and Scandinavia. The Couche-Tard brand will be retained in Quebec. On August 29, 2016, it was announced that they were buying 53 Cracker Barrel convenience stores in Louisiana for an undisclosed price. As in the case with most of its other acquisitions, the Cracker Barrel chain would also be converted to Circle Ks. The acquired chain stores all have gas stations, with the exception of one location, and 12 have quick-serve restaurants. (The Cracker Barrel chain is unrelated to the restaurant chain of the same name.) In July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366658", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nIts chief executive officer (CEO), Sandra Cochran, is the second woman in Tennessee to hold that office in a publicly traded company. In November 2012, Cracker Barrel licensed its name to Smithfield Foods' John Morrell Division in a deal to create a line of meat products to be sold in supermarkets and through other retail channels. In response, Kraft Foods filed a trademark-infringement lawsuit in February 2013. Kraft has sold cheese in retail stores under their \"\"Cracker Barrel\"\" brand since 1954. The corporation said that Cracker Barrel stores have not made significant sales of retail food products beyond their restaurant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366635", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nstore that he remembered from his childhood, with a name chosen to give it a Southern country theme, Cracker Barrel was intended to attract the interest of highway travelers. The first restaurant was built close to Interstate 40, in Lebanon, Tennessee. It opened in September 1969, serving Southern cuisine including biscuits, grits, country ham, and turnip greens. Evins incorporated Cracker Barrel in February 1970, and soon opened more locations. In the early 1970s, the firm leased land on gasoline station sites near interstate highways to build restaurants. These early locations all featured gas pumps on-site; during gasoline shortages in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8156697", "chunk_text": "\"Pancake house\"\npancake houses in the world. Myrtle Beach, South Carolina has a significant number of pancake houses, numbering over 10 in a two-mile distance. The Grand Strand, a large stretch of beaches on the East Coast of the United States that consists of over 60 miles of beach land, has been noted for having a considerable number of pancake houses. As of 2012, Cracker Barrel, whose menu is based on traditional Southern cuisine with appearance and decor designed to resemble an old-fashioned general store, operates 620 stores in 42 states. As of 2006, Denny's has 1,600 restaurants. IHOP has over 1,550", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366642", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nand catfish; seasonal and regional menu items were added during the 1980s and 1990s. In 2007, Cracker Barrel announced plans to remove artificial trans fats from its menu items. For much of its early history, Cracker Barrel decided to locate its restaurants along the Interstate Highway System, and the majority of its restaurants remain close to interstate and other highways. Cracker Barrel is known for the loyalty of its customers, particularly travelers who are likely to spend more at restaurants than locals. The locations are themed around the idea of a traditional Southern U.S. general store. Items used to decorate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366644", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nincludes artifacts related to the local history of the area, including antique household tools, old wall calendars and advertising posters, and antique photographs; these are centrally stored in a warehouse in Tennessee, where they are cataloged and stockpiled for future use by individual store locations. \"\"Destinations\"\" magazine has presented the chain with awards for best chain restaurant, and in 2010 and 2011, the Zagat survey named it the \"\"Best Breakfast\"\". The chain was selected by the Outdoor Advertising Association of America as the 2011 OBIE Hall of Fame Award recipient for its long-standing use of outdoor advertising. It was also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14720870", "chunk_text": "Barrel\nare called hoops. The latter are generally made of galvanized iron, though historically they were made of flexible bits of wood called withies. While wooden hoops could require barrels to be \"\"fully hooped\"\", with hoops stacked tightly together along the entire top and bottom third of a barrel, iron-hooped barrels only require a few hoops on each end. Wine barrels typically come in two hoop configurations. An American barrel features 6 hoops, from top to center: head- or chime hoop, quarter hoop and bilge hoop (times two), while a French barrel features 8, including a so-called French hoop, located between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17614073", "chunk_text": "\"Barrel (unit)\"\nto convince buyers that they were getting a fair volume for their money, and settled on the standard wine tierce which was two gallons larger than the standard whisky barrel. The \"\"Weekly Register\"\", an Oil City, Pennsylvania newspaper, stated on August 31, 1866 that \"\"the oil producers have issued the following circular:\"\" By 1872, the standard oil barrel was firmly established as 42 US gallons. The 42-gallon standard oil barrel was officially adopted by the Petroleum Producers Association in 1872 and by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1882. In modern times, many different types", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120038", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nvalues\"\". According to news reports, at least 11 employees were fired under the policy on a store-by-store basis from locations in Georgia and other states. After demonstrations by gay rights groups, the company ended its policy in March 1991 and stated it would not discriminate based on sexual orientation. The company's founder, Dan Evins, subsequently described the policy as a mistake. From 1992 onward, the New York City Employees Retirement System, then a major shareholder, put forward proposals to add sexual orientation to the company's non-discrimination policy. An early proposal in 1993 was defeated, with 77 percent against and only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14720873", "chunk_text": "Barrel\nto be served using external gas cylinders. Cask ales undergo part of their fermentation process in their containers, called casks. Casks are available in several sizes, and it is common to refer to \"\"a firkin\"\" or \"\"a kil\"\" (kilderkin) instead of a cask. The modern US beer barrel is , half a gallon less than the traditional wine barrel. (26 U.S.C. §5051) Barrels are also used as a unit of measurement for dry goods (dry groceries), such as flour or produce. Traditionally, a barrel is of flour (wheat or rye), with other substances such as pork subject to more local", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366652", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\n14 percent in support, along with 9 percent abstaining. It was not until 2002 that the proposals were successful; 58 percent of company shareholders voted in favor of the addition. Cracker Barrel achieved the lowest score (15 out of 100) of all rated food and beverage companies in the Human Rights Campaign's 2008 Corporate Equality Index, a measure of LGBT workplace equality. Their score for 2011 had increased to a 55. The 2011 survey noted that the firm had established a non-discrimination policy and had introduced diversity training that included training related to sexual orientation. However, the company's score for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7494683", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Evins\"\nlesbian employees should be fired if customers or other staff members found them disruptive. In 1998, Evans led the drive by Cracker Barrel to purchase and restore the Mitchell House in Lebanon, Tennessee. The home had been a dormitory for elementary age students while Castle Heights Military Academy had been operating. The company spent two million dollars to restore the home and make it the company's corporate office. By January 2012, Cracker Barrel had more than 67,000 employees working in more than 600 restaurants in 42 U.S. states. Dan Evins died on January 14, 2012, at his daughter's home in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5993609", "chunk_text": "\"Beer in the United States\"\nBeer in the United States Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries. The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually. In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China. Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11184715", "chunk_text": "\"Drum (container)\"\nvolume of and nominally measure just under tall with a diameter just under and differ by holding about thirteen gallons more than a barrel of crude oil. In the United States, drums are also in common use and have the same height. This allows easy stacking of mixed pallets. Barrels can be constructed of plastic, laminated paperboard or steel. The two common sub-types of drums are the open top and the welded top (with NPS bung holes). The latter are almost universally called \"\"barrels\"\" in preference to \"\"drums\"\" in the United States. They cannot efficaciously either dispense or be filled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20778765", "chunk_text": "\"Petroleum refining in the United States\"\nPetroleum refining in the United States Petroleum refining in the United States in 2013 produced 18.9 million barrels per day of refined petroleum products, more than any other country. Although the US was the world's largest net importer of refined petroleum products as recently as 2008, the US became a net exporter in 2010, and in 2014 was the largest exporter and the largest net exporter of refined petroleum. As of January 2015, there were 137 operating refineries in the US, distributed among 30 states. Largest petroleum refining companies in the United States Largest petroleum refineries in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14793760", "chunk_text": "\"S'more\"\nS'more A s'more is a traditional nighttime campfire treat popular in the United States and Canada, consisting of a marshmallow and a layer of chocolate sandwiched between two pieces of graham cracker, also known as a wagon wheel. National S'mores Day is celebrated annually on August 10. The Guinness World Record for number of people making s'mores at one time was 423, set April 21, 2016, in Huntington Beach, California. \"\"S'more\"\" is a contraction of the phrase \"\"some more\"\". One early published recipe for a s'more is found in a book of recipes published by the Campfire Smores company in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7462855", "chunk_text": "\"Construction barrel\"\nwhite and orange reflective bands. However some regions, such as the province of Ontario, Canada, uses black stripes instead of white. Most have a rubber base that prevents the barrel from tipping over during high winds or when struck by a vehicle. Construction barrels have a handle at the top so they can be easily picked up and carried. The handle also allows crews to install barricade lights to increase visibility. The product makes up a $90 million industry in the United States . Until the late 1980s, construction crews typically used 55-gallon steel drums to guide traffic through construction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366633", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nappearance and decor designed to resemble an old-fashioned general store. Each restaurant features a front porch lined with wooden rocking chairs, a stone fireplace, and decorative artifacts from the local area. Cracker Barrel partners with country music performers. It engages in charitable activities, such as its assistance of victims of Hurricane Katrina and injured war veterans. Employees there wear a choice of either white, yellow, blue or pink shirts. During the 1990s, the company was the subject of controversy for its official stance against gay and lesbian employees and for discriminatory practices against African-American customers and female employees. In 2004,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120035", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nrange of charities through one-off donations, promotional events, and partnerships with charitable organizations. The chain has supported charities and causes in communities where its restaurants are located, including the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Nashville after severe flooding in 2010. In the same year, Cracker Barrel established Cracker Barrel Cares Inc., an employee-funded non-profit organization that provides support to Cracker Barrel employees. Cracker Barrel has also formed a partnership with the Wounded Warrior Project, a charity for injured veterans. In attempts to rebuild its image after several race-related controversies, the firm has provided a scholarship through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7462854", "chunk_text": "\"Construction barrel\"\nConstruction barrel Construction barrels (officially known as \"\"drums\"\" in the United States) are traffic control devices used to channel motor vehicle traffic through construction sites or to warn motorists of construction activity near the roadway. They are used primarily in the United States, but are occasionally used in Canada and Mexico. They are an alternative to traffic cones which are smaller and easily hit by vehicles. Drums tend to command more respect from drivers than cones as they are larger, more visible, and give the appearance of being formidable obstacles. Construction barrels are typically bright orange and have four alternating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3580535", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas cracker\"\nsnapping sound produced by the effect of friction on a shock-sensitive, chemically impregnated card strip (similar to that used in a cap gun). One chemical used for the friction strip is silver fulminate. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) lists English Christmas Crackers as an item prohibited from being brought onto an aircraft. Assembled crackers are typically sold in boxes of three to twelve. These typically have different designs usually with red, green, and gold colours. Making crackers from scratch using tissue paper and the tubes from toilet rolls is a common activity for children. Crackers are typically pulled at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366641", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nEvins died of bladder cancer. As a Southern-themed chain, Cracker Barrel serves traditional Southern comfort food often described as \"\"down-home\"\" country cooking and sells gift items including simple toys representative of the 1950s and 1960s, toy vehicles, puzzles, and woodcrafts. Also sold are country music CDs, DVDs of early classic television, cookbooks, baking mixes, kitchen novelty decor, and early classic brands of candy and snack foods. Breakfast is served all day, and there are two menus: one for breakfast, the other for lunch and dinner. Since the first restaurant opened, the menu has featured Southern specialties, including biscuits, fried chicken,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17614071", "chunk_text": "\"Barrel (unit)\"\nIn contrast, one tonne of crude oil might occupy 272 gallons (6.5 bbl) and one tonne of gasoline will require 333 gallons (7.9 bbl). Overall, the conversion is usually between 6 and 8 bbl per tonne. The measurement of an \"\"oil barrel\"\" originated in the early Pennsylvania oil fields. The Drake Well, the first oil well in the US, was drilled in Pennsylvania in 1859, and an oil boom followed in the 1860s. When oil production began, there was no standard container for oil, so oil and petroleum products were stored and transported in barrels of different shapes and sizes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120036", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nNational Black MBA Association, and job skills programs and sponsorships with 100 Black Men of America and the Restaurant and Lodging Association. Cracker Barrel sponsored the NASCAR Atlanta 500 race at Atlanta Motor Speedway from 1999 to 2001 and the Grand Ole Opry from 2004 to 2009. The company was the first presenting sponsor of the Grand Ole Opry. This sponsorship allowed the company to make connections within the Nashville music industry, following which it entered into partnership with a number of country music performers. The chain has established partnerships with artists including Alison Krauss, Charlie Daniels, Josh Turner, Kenny", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14720871", "chunk_text": "Barrel\nthe quarter- and bilge hoops (see \"\"wine barrel parts\"\" illustration). The opening at the center of a barrel is called bung hole and the stopper used to seal it is a bung. The latter is generally made of white silicone. A barrel is one of several units of volume, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, US beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about . Pre-1824 definitions continued to be used in the US, the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches being the standard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17614066", "chunk_text": "\"Barrel (unit)\"\nin many countries, the term may be used for the commercial package units independent of actual volume, where common range for professional use is 20-60 L, typically a DIN or \"\"Euro keg\"\" of 50 L. Richard III, King of England from 1483 until 1485, had defined the wine puncheon as a cask holding 84 gallons and a wine tierce as holding 42 gallons. By 1700 custom had made the 42-gallon watertight tierce a standard container for shipping eel, salmon, herring, molasses, wine, whale oil and many other commodities in the English colonies. After the American Revolution in 1776, American merchants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20457097", "chunk_text": "Cheerwine\nand, starting in March 2018, \"\"Uniquely Southern.\"\" Cheerwine is currently available in much of the southeastern United States, from West Virginia south to Florida, but is better known in the Carolinas and Virginia. Other spots to find Cheerwine are the many \"\"specialty soda\"\" stores throughout the country, as well as WinCo Foods in Washington state, Cracker Barrel Old Country Store restaurants, Sheetz convenience stores in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and overseas, in Norway. It is sold either as a single bottle or as a pack of four. In April 2005, other regions of the United States began to bottle Cheerwine, mainly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14720868", "chunk_text": "Barrel\nof the same volume as five US bushels. However, by 1866, the oil barrel was standardized at 42 US gallons. Oil has not been shipped in barrels since the introduction of oil tankers, but the 42 US gallon size is still used as a unit for measurement, pricing, and in tax and regulatory codes. Each barrel is refined into about of gasoline, the rest becoming other products such as jet fuel and heating oil, using fractional distillation. Barrels have a convex shape and bulge at their center, called bilge. This facilitates rolling a well-built wooden barrel on its side and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8120037", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\nRogers, Dolly Parton, Alan Jackson, and Alabama, to offer CD releases and merchandise. In 1997, the company purchased the Mitchell House in Lebanon, Tennessee. The house had been the elementary dormitory and school for Castle Heights Military Academy which both Dan Evans and his son attended. The school had closed in 1986 and the building had sat empty since then. Cracker Barrel spent two million dollars to restore the home and used it as its corporate headquarters from 1999 to 2013. In early 1991, an intra-company memo called for employees to be dismissed if they did not display \"\"normal heterosexual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15777646", "chunk_text": "\"Drum (container)\"\nre-conditioned and then used for storing or shipping various liquids or materials. Drums are frequently reused for many purposes including as barricades to protect construction workers from oncoming traffic, and perhaps most famously as musical instruments. Although crude oil is sometimes shipped in 55-US-gallon drums, the measurement of oil in barrels is based on the whiskey barrels of the 1870s which measured . The measure of 42 US or wine gallons, corresponds to a wine tierce (third-pipe). A wine barrel, or 1/8 tun, measures . Drum (container) A drum is a cylindrical container used for shipping bulk cargo. Drums can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15366656", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Barrel\"\npublicizing of its non-discrimination policies. They were required to hire an outside auditor to ensure compliance with the terms of the settlement. In 2006, Cracker Barrel paid a $2 million settlement to end a lawsuit alleging race and sexual harassment at three Illinois restaurants. Cracker Barrel stores subsequently began displaying a sign in the front foyer explaining the company's non-discrimination policy, and added to its website and menu the policy and details on how to make a complaint. Since the early 2000s, Cracker Barrel has provided training and resources to minority employees, to improve its image on diversity. These efforts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2401624", "chunk_text": "\"Crack spread\"\ncrude oil futures (30,000 barrels) with the sale a month later of two unleaded gasoline futures (20,000 barrels) and one heating oil future (10,000 barrels). The 3-2-1 ratio approximates the real-world ratio of refinery output—2 barrels of unleaded gasoline and 1 barrel of heating oil from 3 barrels of crude oil. Buyers and sellers concern themselves only with the margin requirements for the crack spread contract. They do not deal with individual margins for the underlying trades. An average 3-2-1 ratio based on sweet crude is not appropriate for all refiners, however, and the OTC market provides contracts that better", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5993648", "chunk_text": "\"Beer in the United States\"\nthe changes may spread to the beer industry as well. Beer in the United States Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries. The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually. In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China. Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8601714", "chunk_text": "\"Stitzel–Weller Distillery\"\nof 220 and a capacity of 800,000 cases annually. As of 2001 the facility was composed of 18 total warehouses with a combined capacity to store 300,000 barrels. The original doubler was reclaimed and in use as of 2017 at the Bulleit distillery in Shelbyville, Kentucky. As of 2017, the facility was used mostly for aging, with only one still in operation, producing about a barrel per day, and used for experimentation and research. Will McGill served as the first Master Distiller for the Stitzel–Weller Distillery. McGill was previously affiliated with the Early Times and Tom Moore distilleries in Nelson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7462856", "chunk_text": "\"Construction barrel\"\nareas. They were painted orange and white and filled with sand or water to keep them in place. Because the drums were steel and weighed down with sand or water, extensive damage would occur to vehicles striking them. Plastic barrels that are commonly seen on American roadways today began emerging in the late 1970s and 1980s; steel 55-gallon drums were largely phased out by the 1990s and may no longer be used as traffic control devices in the US. By 1981, the drums were mainly a two-piece plastic design that included the top piece of the drum and a base", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7706342", "chunk_text": "\"United States customary units\"\nkerosene, and 42 gal for petroleum. The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead. The common 55 gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure. In the U.S., single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet. Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3580540", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas cracker\"\nprohibited from carrying Christmas crackers on board. Christmas cracker Christmas crackers—also known as bon-bons in some regions of Australia—are part of Christmas celebrations primarily in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Commonwealth countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. A cracker consists of a segmented cardboard tube wrapped in a brightly decorated twist of paper with a prize in the middle, making it resemble an oversized sweet-wrapper. The cracker is pulled apart by two people, each holding an outer chamber, causing the cracker to split unevenly and leaving one person holding the central chamber and prize. The split", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14288976", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)\"\nStrategic Petroleum Reserve (United States) The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency fuel storage of petroleum maintained underground in Louisiana and Texas by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). It is the largest emergency supply in the world, with the capacity to hold up to . The United States started the petroleum reserve in 1975 after oil supplies were interrupted during the 1973–1974 oil embargo, to mitigate future supply disruptions. The current inventory is displayed on the SPR's website. , the inventory was . This equates to about 660.0/18.49 round 0 days of oil at 2013 daily U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17614063", "chunk_text": "\"Barrel (unit)\"\nBarrel (unit) A barrel is one of several units of volume applied in various contexts; there are dry barrels, fluid barrels (such as the UK beer barrel and US beer barrel), oil barrels and so on. For historical reasons the volumes of some barrel units are roughly double the volumes of others; volumes in common usage range from about . In many connections the term \"\"drum\"\" is used almost interchangeably with \"\"barrel\"\". Since medieval times the term barrel as a unit of measure has had various meanings throughout Europe, ranging from about 100 litres to 1000 litres. The name was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3580539", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas cracker\"\nas rival varieties came on the market. The other elements of the modern cracker—the gifts, paper hats and varied designs—were all introduced by Tom Smith's son, Walter Smith, to differentiate his product from the rival cracker manufacturers which had suddenly sprung up. Tom Smith merged with Caley Crackers in 1953. A memorial water fountain to Tom Smith and his family stands in Finsbury Square, London. The longest Christmas cracker pulling chain consisted of 1081 people and was achieved by The Harrodian School in Barnes, London, UK, on 10 December 2015. Passengers on commercial flights in the United States are explicitly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17614074", "chunk_text": "\"Barrel (unit)\"\nof oil, chemicals, and other products are transported in steel drums. In the United States, these commonly have a capacity of and are referred to as such. They are called 210-litre or 200-kg drums outside the United States. In the United Kingdom and its former dependencies, a drum is used, even though all those countries now officially use the metric system and the drums are filled to 200 litres. Thus, the 42-US-gallon oil barrel is a unit of measure, and is no longer a physical container used to transport crude oil, as most petroleum is moved in pipelines or oil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_777	in photosynthesis the carbon in co2 is initially fixed to what molecule?	n/a	[ "3-phosphoglycerate" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132644", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\nin the chloroplasts of plants and algae, and in the cyanobacteria. It also fixes carbon in the anoxygenic photosynthetic in one type of proteobacteria called purple bacteria, and in some non-phototrophic proteobacteria. In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight drives the carbon fixation pathway. \"\"Oxygenic\"\" photosynthesis is used by the primary producers—plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They contain the pigment chlorophyll, and use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon autotrophically. The process works like this: In the first step, water is dissociated into electrons, protons, and free oxygen. This allows the use of water, one of the most abundant substances on Earth, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695666", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nthese conditions. Plants that use the C carbon fixation process chemically fix carbon dioxide in the cells of the mesophyll by adding it to the three-carbon molecule phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme called PEP carboxylase, creating the four-carbon organic acid oxaloacetic acid. Oxaloacetic acid or malate synthesized by this process is then translocated to specialized bundle sheath cells where the enzyme RuBisCO and other Calvin cycle enzymes are located, and where released by decarboxylation of the four-carbon acids is then fixed by RuBisCO activity to the three-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acids. The physical separation of RuBisCO from the oxygen-generating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3352581", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\nto build body structures. \"\"Fixed carbon\"\", \"\"reduced carbon\"\", and \"\"organic carbon\"\" are equivalent terms for various organic compounds. It is estimated that approximately 258 billion tons of carbon dioxide are converted by photosynthesis annually. The majority of the fixation occurs in marine environments, especially areas of high nutrients. The gross amount of carbon dioxide fixed is much larger since approximately 40% is consumed by respiration following photosynthesis. Given the scale of this process, it is understandable that RuBisCO is the most abundant protein on Earth. Six autotrophic carbon fixation pathways are known as of 2011. The Calvin cycle fixes carbon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12481850", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon dioxide\"\naerobic fungi and bacteria. In vertebrates, the carbon dioxide travels in the blood from the body's tissues to the skin (e.g., amphibians) or the gills (e.g., fish), from where it dissolves in the water, or to the lungs from where it is exhaled. During active photosynthesis, plants can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they release in respiration. Carbon fixation is a biochemical process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated by plants, algae and (cyanobacteria) into energy-rich organic molecules such as glucose, thus creating their own food by photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to produce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132642", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\nCarbon fixation Carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the conversion process of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms. The most prominent example is photosynthesis, although chemosynthesis is another form of carbon fixation that can take place in the absence of sunlight. Organisms that grow by fixing carbon are called autotrophs. Autotrophs include photoautotrophs, which synthesize organic compounds using the energy of sunlight, and lithoautotrophs, which synthesize organic compounds using the energy of inorganic oxidation. Heterotrophs are organisms that grow using the carbon fixed by autotrophs. The organic compounds are used by heterotrophs to produce energy and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866406", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nPhotosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name \"\"photosynthesis\"\", from the Greek φῶς, \"\"phōs\"\", \"\"light\"\", and σύνθεσις, \"\"synthesis\"\", \"\"putting together\"\". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132648", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\ntolerant of heat and water stress. CO concentrating mechanisms use the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyze both the dehydration of bicarbonate to CO and the hydration of CO to bicarbonate Lipid membranes are much less permeable to bicarbonate than to CO. To capture inorganic carbon more effectively, some plants have adapted the anaplerotic reactions catalyzed by PEP carboxylase (PEPC), to carboxylate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetate (OAA) which is a C dicarboxylic acid. CAM plants that use Crassulacean acid metabolism as an adaptation for arid conditions. CO enters through the stomata during the night and is converted into the 4-carbon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132645", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\nan electron donor—as a source of reducing power. The release of free oxygen is a side-effect of enormous consequence. The first step uses the energy of sunlight to oxidize water to O, and, ultimately, to produce ATP and the reductant, NADPH In the second step, called the Calvin cycle, the actual fixation of carbon dioxide is carried out. This process consumes ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle in plants accounts for the preponderance of carbon fixation on land. In algae and cyanobacteria, it accounts for the preponderance of carbon fixation in the oceans. The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695663", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nthe newly formed NADPH and releases three-carbon sugars, which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. The overall equation for the light-independent reactions in green plants is Carbon fixation produces the intermediate three-carbon sugar product, which is then converted into the final carbohydrate products. The simple carbon sugars produced by photosynthesis are then used in the forming of other organic compounds, such as the building material cellulose, the precursors for lipid and amino acid biosynthesis, or as a fuel in cellular respiration. The latter occurs not only in plants but also in animals when the energy from plants is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14699056", "chunk_text": "Chloroplast\nthe light reactions. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. While named \"\"\"\"the dark reactions\"\"\"\", in most plants, they take place in the light, since the dark reactions are dependent on the products of the light reactions. The Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme RuBisCO to fix CO into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules. The result is unstable six-carbon molecules that immediately break down into three-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglyceric acid, or 3-PGA. The ATP and NADPH made in the light reactions is used to convert the 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P sugar molecules. Most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11960949", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere\"\nin a process called carbon fixation. Carbon fixation is an endothermic redox reaction, so photosynthesis needs to supply both the source of energy to drive this process and the electrons needed to convert into a carbohydrate. This addition of the electrons is a reduction reaction. In general outline and in effect, photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration, in which glucose and other compounds are oxidized to produce and water, and to release exothermic chemical energy to drive the organism's metabolism. However, the two processes take place through a different sequence of chemical reactions and in different cellular compartments. Most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3674509", "chunk_text": "Decarboxylation\nDecarboxylation Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. The reverse process, which is the first chemical step in photosynthesis, is called carboxylation, the addition of CO to a compound. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number 4.1.1). The term \"\"decarboxylation\"\" literally means removal of a carboxyl group (-COOH) and its replacement with a hydrogen atom. The term relates the state of the reactant and product. Decarboxylation is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866412", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nof carbon dioxide to carbohydrate, cellular respiration is the oxidation of carbohydrate or other nutrients to carbon dioxide. Nutrients used in cellular respiration include carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids. These nutrients are oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water, and to release chemical energy to drive the organism's metabolism. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are distinct processes, as they take place through different sequences of chemical reactions and in different cellular compartments. The general equation for photosynthesis as first proposed by Cornelis van Niel is therefore: Since water is used as the electron donor in oxygenic photosynthesis, the equation for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695669", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nallowing carbon fixation to 3-phosphoglycerate by RuBisCO. Sixteen thousand species of plants use CAM. Cyanobacteria possess carboxysomes, which increase the concentration of around RuBisCO to increase the rate of photosynthesis. An enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, located within the carboxysome releases CO from the dissolved hydrocarbonate ions (HCO). Before the CO diffuses out it is quickly sponged up by RuBisCO, which is concentrated within the carboxysomes. HCO ions are made from CO outside the cell by another carbonic anhydrase and are actively pumped into the cell by a membrane protein. They cannot cross the membrane as they are charged, and within the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866407", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nEarth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866408", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nof water is used in the creation of two further compounds that serve as short-term stores of energy, enabling its transfer to drive other reactions: these compounds are reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the \"\"energy currency\"\" of cells. In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, long-term energy storage in the form of sugars is produced by a subsequent sequence of reactions called the Calvin cycle; some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle, to achieve the same end. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9341800", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\noxygenase activity is more commonly known as photorespiration, since it is characterized by light-dependent oxygen consumption and the release of carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name \"\"photosynthesis\"\", from the Greek φῶς, \"\"phōs\"\", \"\"light\"\", and σύνθεσις, \"\"synthesis\"\", \"\"putting together\"\". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14699051", "chunk_text": "Chloroplast\ntransformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (HO) and carbon dioxide (CO) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O) is made, using light energy. Photosynthesis is divided into two stages—the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen, and the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle, which builds sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. The two phases are linked by the energy carriers adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The light reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. They take light energy and store it in NADPH, a form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15204601", "chunk_text": "Metabolism\nas a waste product. This process uses the ATP and NADPH produced by the photosynthetic reaction centres, as described above, to convert CO into glycerate 3-phosphate, which can then be converted into glucose. This carbon-fixation reaction is carried out by the enzyme RuBisCO as part of the Calvin – Benson cycle. Three types of photosynthesis occur in plants, C3 carbon fixation, C4 carbon fixation and CAM photosynthesis. These differ by the route that carbon dioxide takes to the Calvin cycle, with C3 plants fixing CO directly, while C4 and CAM photosynthesis incorporate the CO into other compounds first, as adaptations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866411", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\ntype of photosynthesis used by living organisms. Although there are some differences between oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, the overall process is quite similar in these organisms. There are also many varieties of anoxygenic photosynthesis, used mostly by certain types of bacteria, which consume carbon dioxide but do not release oxygen. Carbon dioxide is converted into sugars in a process called carbon fixation; photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrate. Carbon fixation is an endothermic redox reaction. In general outline, photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration: while photosyntesis is a process of reduction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14084271", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nBerkeley, the details of photosynthetic carbon metabolism were sorted out by the chemists Melvin Calvin, Andrew Benson, James Bassham and a score of students and researchers utilizing the carbon-14 isotope and paper chromatography techniques. The pathway of CO fixation by the algae \"\"Chlorella\"\" in a fraction of a second in light resulted in a 3 carbon molecule called phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). For that original and ground-breaking work, a Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Melvin Calvin in 1961. In parallel, plant physiologists studied leaf gas exchanges using the new method of infrared gas analysis and a leaf chamber where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17546946", "chunk_text": "\"C3 carbon fixation\"\nC3 carbon fixation This reaction occurs in all plants as the first step of the Calvin–Benson cycle. In plants, carbon dioxide is drawn out of malate and into this reaction rather than directly from the air. Plants that survive solely on fixation ( plants) tend to thrive in areas where sunlight intensity is moderate, temperatures are moderate, carbon dioxide concentrations are around 200 ppm or higher, and groundwater is plentiful. The plants, originating during Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras, predate the plants and still represent approximately 95% of Earth's plant biomass. plants lose 97% of the water taken up through their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14084244", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\npassed through a food chain. The fixation or reduction of carbon dioxide is a process in which carbon dioxide combines with a five-carbon sugar, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, to yield two molecules of a three-carbon compound, glycerate 3-phosphate, also known as 3-phosphoglycerate. Glycerate 3-phosphate, in the presence of ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent stages, is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This product is also referred to as 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) or, more generically, as triose phosphate. Most (5 out of 6 molecules) of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced is used to regenerate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate so the process can continue. The triose phosphates not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866413", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nthis process is: This equation emphasizes that water is both a reactant in the light-dependent reaction and a product of the light-independent reaction, but canceling \"\"n\"\" water molecules from each side gives the net equation: Other processes substitute other compounds (such as arsenite) for water in the electron-supply role; for example some microbes use sunlight to oxidize arsenite to arsenate: The equation for this reaction is: Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, \"\"light-dependent reactions\"\" or \"\"light reactions\"\" capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695700", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\ncarbon dioxide concentrations rise, the rate at which sugars are made by the light-independent reactions increases until limited by other factors. RuBisCO, the enzyme that captures carbon dioxide in the light-independent reactions, has a binding affinity for both carbon dioxide and oxygen. When the concentration of carbon dioxide is high, RuBisCO will fix carbon dioxide. However, if the carbon dioxide concentration is low, RuBisCO will bind oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. This process, called photorespiration, uses energy, but does not produce sugars. RuBisCO oxygenase activity is disadvantageous to plants for several reasons: The salvaging pathway for the products of RuBisCO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866409", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nas ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose. The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, rather than water, as sources of electrons. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed directly to the oxygenation of the Earth, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5224743", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of photosynthesis\"\nEvolution of photosynthesis The evolution of photosynthesis refers to the origin and subsequent evolution of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy synthesizes sugars from carbon dioxide, releasing oxygen as a waste product. The process of photosynthesis was discovered by Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physician and scientist, first publishing about it in 1779. The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents such as hydrogen or electrons, rather than water. There are three major metabolic pathways by which photosynthesis is carried out: C photosynthesis, C photosynthesis, and CAM photosynthesis.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132647", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\nas the sole carbon source) is believed to have already been developed. However, the proliferation of cyanobacteria, due to their novel ability to exploit water as a source of electrons, radically altered the global environment by oxygenating the atmosphere and by achieving large fluxes of CO consumption. Many photosynthetic organisms have not acquired CO concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), which increase the concentration of CO available to the initial carboxylase of the Calvin cycle, the enzyme RuBisCO. The benefits of a CCM include increased tolerance to low external concentrations of inorganic carbon, and reduced losses to photorespiration. CCMs can make plants more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695678", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nMore recent studies, reported in March 2018, also suggest that photosynthesis may have begun about 3.4 billion years ago. The main source of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere derives from oxygenic photosynthesis, and its first appearance is sometimes referred to as the oxygen catastrophe. Geological evidence suggests that oxygenic photosynthesis, such as that in cyanobacteria, became important during the Paleoproterozoic era around 2 billion years ago. Modern photosynthesis in plants and most photosynthetic prokaryotes is oxygenic. Oxygenic photosynthesis uses water as an electron donor, which is oxidized to molecular oxygen () in the photosynthetic reaction center. Several groups of animals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18197963", "chunk_text": "\"Light-independent reactions\"\nLight-independent reactions The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. These reactions are closely coupled to the thylakoid electron transport chain as reducing power provided by NADPH produced in the photosystem I is actively needed. The process of photorespiration, also known as C2 cycle, is also coupled to the dark reactions, as it results", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14084270", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nlight, oxidize cytochrome f, chlorophyll a (and other pigments) will absorb another light, but will reduce this same oxidized cytochrome, stating the two light reactions are in series. In 1893, Charles Reid Barnes proposed two terms, \"\"photosyntax\"\" and \"\"photosynthesis\"\", for the biological process of \"\"synthesis of complex carbon compounds out of carbonic acid, in the presence of chlorophyll, under the influence of light\"\". Over time, the term \"\"photosynthesis\"\" came into common usage as the term of choice. Later discovery of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and photophosphorylation necessitated redefinition of the term. After WWII at late 1940 at the University of California,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14390296", "chunk_text": "\"Crassulacean acid metabolism\"\nCrassulacean acid metabolism Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (). The is stored as the four-carbon acid malate in vacuoles at night, and then in the daytime, the malate is transported to chloroplasts where it is converted back to , which is then used during photosynthesis. The pre-collected is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695681", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nhost cells and the genes in this chloroplast DNA resemble those found in cyanobacteria. DNA in chloroplasts codes for redox proteins such as those found in the photosynthetic reaction centers. The CoRR Hypothesis proposes that this Co-location of genes with their gene products is required for Redox Regulation of gene expression, and accounts for the persistence of DNA in bioenergetic organelles. The biochemical capacity to use water as the source for electrons in photosynthesis evolved once, in a common ancestor of extant cyanobacteria. The geological record indicates that this transforming event took place early in Earth's history, at least 2450–2320", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "847293", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon dioxide\"\nbasic water illustrates this property, in which case hydroxide is the nucleophile. Other nucleophiles react as well. For example, carbanions as provided by Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds react with to give carboxylates: In metal carbon dioxide complexes, serves as a ligand, which can facilitate the conversion of to other chemicals. The reduction of to CO is ordinarily a difficult and slow reaction: Photoautotrophs (i.e. plants and cyanobacteria) use the energy contained in sunlight to photosynthesize simple sugars from absorbed from the air and water: The redox potential for this reaction near pH 7 is about −0.53 V \"\"versus\"\" the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5224763", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of photosynthesis\"\nis evidence that the onset of C from is a biased signal, which only holds true for North America, from where most samples originate; emerging evidence suggests that grasslands evolved to a dominant state at least 15Ma earlier in South America. Evolution of photosynthesis The evolution of photosynthesis refers to the origin and subsequent evolution of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy synthesizes sugars from carbon dioxide, releasing oxygen as a waste product. The process of photosynthesis was discovered by Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physician and scientist, first publishing about it in 1779. The first photosynthetic organisms probably", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15204602", "chunk_text": "Metabolism\nto deal with intense sunlight and dry conditions. In photosynthetic prokaryotes the mechanisms of carbon fixation are more diverse. Here, carbon dioxide can be fixed by the Calvin – Benson cycle, a reversed citric acid cycle, or the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA. Prokaryotic chemoautotrophs also fix CO through the Calvin – Benson cycle, but use energy from inorganic compounds to drive the reaction. In carbohydrate anabolism, simple organic acids can be converted into monosaccharides such as glucose and then used to assemble polysaccharides such as starch. The generation of glucose from compounds like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, glycerate 3-phosphate and amino acids", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695665", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nthus \"\"recycled\"\" often condense to form hexose phosphates, which ultimately yield sucrose, starch and cellulose. The sugars produced during carbon metabolism yield carbon skeletons that can be used for other metabolic reactions like the production of amino acids and lipids. In hot and dry conditions, plants close their stomata to prevent water loss. Under these conditions, will decrease and oxygen gas, produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis, will increase, causing an increase of photorespiration by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and decrease in carbon fixation. Some plants have evolved mechanisms to increase the concentration in the leaves under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16728698", "chunk_text": "\"Light-independent reactions\"\nthe stroma caused by its phosphorylation. Light-independent reactions The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. These reactions are closely coupled to the thylakoid electron transport chain as reducing power provided by NADPH produced in the photosystem I is actively needed. The process of photorespiration, also known as C2 cycle, is also coupled to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5224751", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of photosynthesis\"\nsunlight into electric power using a pigment called xanthopterin. This is the first scientific evidence of a member of the animal kingdom engaging in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is not quite as simple as adding water to to produce sugars and oxygen. A complex chemical pathway is involved, facilitated along the way by a range of enzymes and co-enzymes. The enzyme RuBisCO is responsible for \"\"fixing\"\" – that is, it attaches it to a carbon-based molecule to form a sugar, which can be used by the plant, releasing an oxygen molecule along the way. However, the enzyme is notoriously inefficient, and just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695668", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nof convergent evolution. Xerophytes, such as cacti and most succulents, also use PEP carboxylase to capture carbon dioxide in a process called Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). In contrast to metabolism, which \"\"spatially\"\" separates the fixation to PEP from the Calvin cycle, CAM \"\"temporally\"\" separates these two processes. CAM plants have a different leaf anatomy from plants, and fix the at night, when their stomata are open. CAM plants store the mostly in the form of malic acid via carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate, which is then reduced to malate. Decarboxylation of malate during the day releases inside the leaves, thus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12481851", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon dioxide\"\nsugars from which other organic compounds can be constructed, and oxygen is produced as a by-product. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, commonly abbreviated to RuBisCO, is the enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, the production of two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate from and ribulose bisphosphate, as shown in the diagram at left. RuBisCO is thought to be the single most abundant protein on Earth. Phototrophs use the products of their photosynthesis as internal food sources and as raw material for the biosynthesis of more complex organic molecules, such as polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. These are used for their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3352592", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon fixation\"\ntheir metabolism. Notably pyruvate carboxylase consumes carbon dioxide (as bicarbonate ions) as part of gluconeogenesis, and carbon dioxide is consumed in various anaplerotic reactions. Some carboxylases, particularly RuBisCO, preferentially bind the lighter carbon stable isotope carbon-12 over the heavier carbon-13. This is known as carbon isotope discrimination and results in carbon-12 to carbon-13 ratios in the plant that are higher than in the free air. Measurement of this ratio is important in the evaluation of water use efficiency in plants, and also in assessing the possible or likely sources of carbon in global carbon cycle studies. Carbon fixation Carbon fixation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14084268", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nas follows: where A is the electron acceptor. Therefore, in light, the electron acceptor is reduced and oxygen is evolved. Samuel Ruben and Martin Kamen used radioactive isotopes to determine that the oxygen liberated in photosynthesis came from the water. Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson, along with James Bassham, elucidated the path of carbon assimilation (the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle) in plants. The carbon reduction cycle is known as the Calvin cycle, which ignores the contribution of Bassham and Benson. Many scientists refer to the cycle as the Calvin-Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin, and some even call it the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (or CBB)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14654735", "chunk_text": "\"Hill reaction\"\nof water provides the electrons needed by the antenna system of photosystem II where they are boosted in energy and then sent along the electron transport system (ETS). Those high energy electrons are able to move against a chemical potential gradient. Hence, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the reduction of NADP to NADPH. Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy. This chemical energy is eventually used in the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) to sugar (CHO) in plants. During the process of photosynthesis, a natural electron acceptor, nicotinamide adenine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866414", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nthe \"\"light-independent reactions\"\" use these products to capture and reduce carbon dioxide. Most organisms that utilize oxygenic photosynthesis use visible light for the light-dependent reactions, although at least three use shortwave infrared or, more specifically, far-red radiation. Some organisms employ even more radical variants of photosynthesis. Some archaea use a simpler method that employs a pigment similar to those used for vision in animals. The bacteriorhodopsin changes its configuration in response to sunlight, acting as a proton pump. This produces a proton gradient more directly, which is then converted to chemical energy. The process does not involve carbon dioxide fixation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5113079", "chunk_text": "\"Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis\"\nactivity, and variations in cell growth and geometry. The isotopic fractionations of different photosynthetic pathways are uniquely characterized by these factors, as described below. A C3 plant uses C3 carbon fixation, one of the three metabolic photosynthesis pathways which also include C4 and CAM (described below). These plants are called \"\"C3\"\" due to the three-carbon compound (3-Phosphoglyceric acid, or 3-PGA) produced by the CO fixation mechanism in these plants. This C3 mechanism is the first step of the Calvin-Benson cycle, which converts CO and RuBP into 3-PGA. C3 plants are the most common type of plant, and typically thrive under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5224744", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of photosynthesis\"\nC photosynthesis is the oldest and most common form. C3 is a plant that uses the calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material. C4 is a plant that prefaces the calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds. CAM is a plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism, an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions. C4 and CAM Plants have special adaptations that save water. The biochemical capacity to use water as the source for electrons in photosynthesis evolved in a common ancestor of extant cyanobacteria. The geological record indicates that this transforming event", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695667", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nlight reactions reduces photorespiration and increases fixation and, thus, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaf. plants can produce more sugar than plants in conditions of high light and temperature. Many important crop plants are plants, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and millet. Plants that do not use PEP-carboxylase in carbon fixation are called C plants because the primary carboxylation reaction, catalyzed by RuBisCO, produces the three-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acids directly in the Calvin-Benson cycle. Over 90% of plants use carbon fixation, compared to 3% that use carbon fixation; however, the evolution of in over 60 plant lineages makes it a striking example", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9113406", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic reaction centre\"\nfinally in the reduced molecule NADPH and the storage of energy. The passage of the electron through the electron transport chain also results in the pumping of protons (hydrogen ions) from the chloroplast's stroma and into the lumen, resulting in a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane that can be used to synthesise ATP using the ATP synthase molecule. Both the ATP and NADPH are used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide into triose sugars. The bacterial photosynthetic reaction center has been an important model to understand the structure and chemistry of the biological process of capturing light", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3674516", "chunk_text": "Decarboxylation\nascorbic acid. The addition of catalytic amounts of cyclohexenone has been reported to catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids. However, using such catalysts may also yield an amount of unwanted by-products. Decarboxylation Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. The reverse process, which is the first chemical step in photosynthesis, is called carboxylation, the addition of CO to a compound. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_778	who voices randy in f is for family?	n/a	[ "T.J. Miller" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1220655", "chunk_text": "\"F Is for Family\"\nThe show is a \"\"family comedy\"\" based on the standup of Bill Burr. Moreover, the show takes place in the 1970s, \"\"a time when you could smack your kid, smoke inside, and bring a gun to the airport\"\". Burr voices the Murphy family patriarch, with Laura Dern as his wife, Justin Long as his eldest son, Debi Derryberry as his daughter Maureen, and Haley Reinhart as his young son. The first season consists of six episodes, shown in a serial manner, written by Bill Burr and Michael Price. Price is best known for his Emmy and Writers Guild award-winning work", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1220654", "chunk_text": "\"F Is for Family\"\nF Is for Family F is for Family is an American adult animated sitcom created by Bill Burr and Michael Price and produced by Gaumont International Television and Vince Vaughn's Wild West Television. The show premiered on December 18, 2015, to generally favorable reviews. Season 2 premiered May 30, 2017. On June 28, 2017, the show was renewed for a third season. On July 1, 2018, Burr confirmed season three. On November 30, the third season was released. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was announced in October 2014 as part of a partnership between Netflix, Gaumont International Television, and Wild West Television.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723457", "chunk_text": "\"Haley Reinhart\"\nEP, \"\"Holiday-o-Rama, Vol. 1 (Christmas Collection)\"\". Finally, Reinhart made her voice acting debut in the first season of the Netflix animated comedy-drama television series \"\"F Is for Family\"\", in which she starred as a young boy named Bill Murphy, a fictional depiction of Bill Burr as a child. The series premiered on December 18, 2015, to a generally positive critical reception. Specifically, Reinhart's character has been praised for providing a true focal point for the series and for the humor conveyed during his frequent inappropriate and awkward experiences. Matt Fowler of IGN opined that Reinhart's Bill Murphy provides the series'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6123112", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Burr\"\nBill Burr William Frederic Burr (born June 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, writer, musician, producer, celebrity podcaster and social critic. He has released six stand-up specials. Outside of stand-up, he is known for hosting the \"\"Monday Morning Podcast\"\", as a regular cast member of \"\"Chappelle's Show\"\", playing Patrick Kuby in the AMC crime drama series \"\"Breaking Bad\"\", and creating and starring in the Netflix animated sitcom \"\"F Is for Family\"\". Burr also co-founded the All Things Comedy network. William Frederic Burr was born on June 10, 1968 in Canton, Massachusetts, the son of nurse Linda", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14501235", "chunk_text": "\"Padre de Familia\"\nit was directed by Pete Michels. This is one of the episodes that did not have show creator Seth MacFarlane's work in post-production because he was participating in the Writers Guild of America strike. The episode guest started Brendyn Bell, actress Carrie Fisher and comedian Gabriel Iglesias. Recurring voice actors Lori Alan, Phyllis Diller, Alec Sulkin, John Viener, Jeff Bergman, Mark Hentemann, Ralph Garman, Alexandra Breckenridge and Patrick Warburton also made appearances. The episode received mixed reviews from critics. The episode was also submitted as \"\"Family Guy\"\"s sample episode to determine the nominees for Outstanding Comedy Series at the 60th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939750", "chunk_text": "\"Haley Reinhart videography\"\nLetter\"\" as promotion for her third studio album, \"\"What's That Sound\"\". In August 2017, Reinhart released a lyric video to support the release of the album's third single, \"\"For What It's Worth\"\". Reinhart has appeared in various television series since her debut on \"\"American Idol\"\", which includes being a musical guest on the show in later seasons. She is currently the voice of Bill Murphy in the animated Netflix series, \"\"F Is for Family\"\". Haley Reinhart videography American singer and songwriter Haley Reinhart has been featured in five music videos and five television series. Reinhart garnered widespread attention for her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16097319", "chunk_text": "\"Ron Glass\"\nappeared in an episode of NBC sitcom \"\"Friends\"\" as Ross Geller's divorce lawyer, Russell. After that, Glass appeared in dozens of television series, including sitcoms such as \"\"Family Matters\"\" and the series \"\"Teen Angel\"\", where he played God's cousin Rod. He had a guest appearance in the \"\"\"\" episode \"\"\"\". He was a series regular in the science fiction series \"\"Firefly\"\" (2002) and the sequel film \"\"Serenity\"\" (2005), in which he played Derrial Book, a Christian \"\"Shepherd\"\" with a mysterious past. Glass provided the voice of Randy Carmichael for the Nickelodeon series \"\"All Grown Up!\"\" and \"\"Rugrats\"\", and the character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8530139", "chunk_text": "\"Robbie Rist\"\nRobbie Rist Robert Anthony \"\"Robbie\"\" Rist (born April 4, 1964) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, and musician. He is known for playing Cousin Oliver in \"\"The Brady Bunch\"\" and Martin in \"\"Grady\"\", and also for voicing assorted characters in television shows, games and movies, including Stuffy, the overly-proud stuffed dragon in \"\"Doc McStuffins\"\"; Whiz in \"\"Kidd Video\"\"; Star in \"\"Balto\"\"; Maroda in \"\"Final Fantasy X\"\"; Chōji Akimichi in \"\"Naruto\"\"; and Michelangelo in the 1990 film \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". Additionally, he and director Anthony C. Ferrante provided music for the \"\"Sharknado\"\" film and the theme song for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723416", "chunk_text": "\"Haley Reinhart\"\nthe US Adult Contemporary chart, and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on February 17, 2017. Reinhart won a Cannes Lion for Entertainment and a Clio Award for the song in 2016. Additionally, she made her voice acting debut as Bill Murphy in the Netflix animated comedy \"\"F Is for Family\"\" on December 18, 2015. She reprised the role as a main cast member in the series' second and third seasons. Her second studio album, \"\"Better\"\", served as an expansion of an initially conceived EP and was released on April 29, 2016, following the lead single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10723471", "chunk_text": "\"Haley Reinhart\"\nin 2017, Reinhart reprised her voice role as Bill Murphy in the second season of \"\"F is for Family\"\", which was released May 30, 2017 and contains ten episodes. She was upped to a series regular for the second season. Following the success of Reinhart's Extra Gum commercial, she partnered with Walmart for their \"\"Good Times\"\" commercial in late 2017, for which she provided a cover of \"\"(I've Had) the Time of My Life\"\". Reinhart was a featured collaborator on Irvin Mayfield and Kermit Ruffins's album \"\"A Beautiful World\"\", released October 13, 2017. She sings on the track \"\"Don't Worry,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12804151", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Stepanek\"\nBrian Stepanek Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\" and Brian on \"\"Brian O'Brian\"\". He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay film \"\"Transformers\"\", and also had a supporting role in \"\"The Island\"\". Stepanek is also known as the voice of Roger in \"\"Father of the Pride\"\" and Tom Harper on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\" until 2018. He currently voices Lynn Loud Sr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13390204", "chunk_text": "\"Brett Gelman\"\nBrett Gelman Brett Clifford Gelman (born October 6, 1976) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for the roles of Brett Mobley in the Adult Swim comedy-action series \"\"Eagleheart,\"\" as Mr. K on the NBC sitcom \"\"Go On,\"\" as Hamish on the Comedy Central series \"\"Another Period,\"\" and as A.J. in the FX comedy series \"\"Married.\"\" He currently co-stars as Martin on the BBC Three comedy \"\"Fleabag\"\" and has appeared on \"\"Twin Peaks,\"\" \"\"Making History\"\", and \"\"Stranger Things.\"\" Gelman was born and raised in Highland Park, Illinois. Gelman's father was a photo salesman. He was raised Jewish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12421004", "chunk_text": "\"Randy Stone\"\nBirth\"\". In 1998, Stone co-founded a nonprofit organization inspired by the film \"\"Trevor\"\", called The Trevor Project. The organization runs a 24-hour, toll-free suicide prevention hotline aimed at gay and questioning youth in the United States. The organization produced teaching guides and support materials for distribution to teens in schools. Stone was openly gay. His mother, Reverend Beverly Bates, has stated that she believes that Stone was the biological father of Jodie Foster's two sons. Randy Stone Randy Stone (August 26, 1958 – February 12, 2007) was an American actor, producer, casting director, Emmy and Academy Award winner. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1220656", "chunk_text": "\"F Is for Family\"\non \"\"The Simpsons\"\". The series is co-directed by Ben Marsaud (director of \"\"Counterfeit Cat\"\" & former storyboard artist on \"\"The Amazing World of Gumball\"\"). The series has received generally positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes the first season holds a rating of 82% based on 17 reviews, with an average score of 6.56/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"While the humor relies on vulgarity, the strength of \"\"F Is for Family\"\" is its substantial heart.\"\" On Metacritic, the first season holds a score of 75 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating \"\"Generally favorable reviews\"\". F Is for Family F", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11562314", "chunk_text": "\"Brett Gelman\"\nAngeles. Brett Gelman Brett Clifford Gelman (born October 6, 1976) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for the roles of Brett Mobley in the Adult Swim comedy-action series \"\"Eagleheart,\"\" as Mr. K on the NBC sitcom \"\"Go On,\"\" as Hamish on the Comedy Central series \"\"Another Period,\"\" and as A.J. in the FX comedy series \"\"Married.\"\" He currently co-stars as Martin on the BBC Three comedy \"\"Fleabag\"\" and has appeared on \"\"Twin Peaks,\"\" \"\"Making History\"\", and \"\"Stranger Things.\"\" Gelman was born and raised in Highland Park, Illinois. Gelman's father was a photo salesman. He was raised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20578258", "chunk_text": "\"Daryl Sabara\"\n2010. He has a fraternal twin brother, Evan, who is also an actor. Sabara is Russian Jewish from his mother and Polish from his father. He had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. Sabara began performing with the regional ballet company, South Bay Ballet. Sabara began acting during the mid-1990s, appearing on episodes of \"\"Murphy Brown\"\", \"\"Life's Work\"\", \"\"Will and Grace\"\", and \"\"Friends\"\" before being cast as Juni Cortez in the \"\"Spy Kids\"\" series of family films, which became popular among pre-teen audiences. Sabara provided the voice of Hunter in \"\"Father of the Pride\"\". He has appeared in episodes of the television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14501240", "chunk_text": "\"Padre de Familia\"\nand did record the voices of the characters he normally plays for the episode but he did not approve or participate in any post-production done to the episode. In addition to the regular cast, Brendyn Bell, actress Carrie Fisher and comedian Gabriel Iglesias guest starred in the episode. Recurring voice actors Lori Alan, Phyllis Diller, writer Alec Sulkin, writer John Viener, Jeff Bergman, writer Mark Hentemann, Ralph Garman, Alexandra Breckenridge and Patrick Warburton made minor appearances in the episode. The episode featured various references to the popular culture. The episode title is taken from the official Spanish title for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2583139", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Zumwalt\"\nof protagonist Niko Bellic's cousin Roman. Upon release, Zumwalt's character was critically well-received due to his distinctive accent and humorous dialogue. To this day, \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" is still his most notable role. In 2014 Zumwalt co-wrote the script for the dramatic thriller \"\"Urge\"\", alongside Aaron Kaufman. He also co-wrote the screenplay for the 2016 independent film \"\"Flock of Dudes\"\", alongside Bob Castrone and Brian Levin. Jason Zumwalt Jason Michael Zumwalt (born September 18, 1975) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and scriptwriter, best known for his voice role as Roman Bellic in the video game \"\"Grand Theft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13171484", "chunk_text": "\"The Tofus\"\ntook the role of Buba. Additional voices were provided by Daniel Brochu, Harry Standjofski, Pauline Little, Jason Szwimmer, Kayla Grunfeld, Michael Yarmush, and Jesse Vinet. Script direction was overseen by Florence Sandis. Environmental activists Mom and Pop Tofu, concerned that their family is suffocating from urban routine, decide to move to a farmhouse in the town of Beauvillage and embrace a more natural way of life, much to the horror of their pre-teen children, Chichi and Lola. They would rather watch TV and go shopping than amuse themselves with Grandma Buba's animals: Cracker the Rooster, Curly the Sheep, and Suzie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3151262", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Full\"\nin the Disney television show \"\"Dog With A Blog\"\". He appeared in ABC's \"\"Castle\"\" Season 2 Episode 23, \"\"Overkill\"\" and appeared in \"\"\"\": , \"\"Murder Sings the Blues\"\". He guest starred on Best Friends Whenever as Ray, a pizza delivery man. He guest starred on iCarly as a customer on the iOwe You episode at Chili My Bowl. On September 6, 2009, Full married actress Annie Wersching. They have two sons: Freddie (born August 8, 2010) and Ozzie (born August 4, 2013). Stephen Full Stephen Full (born November 13, 1969) is an American actor and comedian, known for his voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13249427", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Stapp\"\naim is to make the greatest New Zealand film since Goodbye Pork Pie.\"\" Chris Stapp Chris Stapp (born 28 November 1973) is a New Zealand actor/director/musician best known for his role of stuntman Randy Cambell in \"\"Back Of The Y Masterpiece Television\"\". He and \"\"Back of the Y\"\" co-star Matt Heath appear in season 6 of \"\"Eating Media Lunch\"\". In 2005 the pair also hosted a weekly radio show \"\"Thursday Drive\"\" on bFM. He appeared, again as Randy Cambell, in the first season of the British show \"\"Balls of Steel\"\", and later in the film \"\"The Devil Dared Me To\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6461986", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Roach\"\nHappy Fun Time Hour\"\". Roach and his ex wife, Candyce, have two children: Rebecca and Cody. Patrick Roach Patrick Roach (born March 4, 1969) is a Canadian actor and investor. He is best known for playing Randy on the cult television series \"\"Trailer Park Boys\"\". Roach was born in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Roach is known for his large gut, as showcased both in \"\"Trailer Park Boys\"\" and \"\"\"\". For the first four years he appeared on \"\"Trailer Park Boys\"\", Roach continued to work as a regional sales manager for Sparkling Springs, a bottled water company. He would film \"\"Trailer Park", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5502686", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Camacho\"\nMark Camacho Mark Camacho (born April 12, 1964) is a Canadian actor, director, and writer. He has starred in live-action films, but is best known for his voice acting roles, such as Oliver Frensky in \"\"Arthur\"\", Lyle in \"\"Animal Crackers\"\", Dad in \"\"Rotten Ralph\"\", George Martin in \"\"Spaced Out\"\", Harry and Dragon in \"\"Potatoes and Dragons\"\", Jerry Atric in \"\"Samurai Pizza Cats\"\", Gantlos in the Canadian dubbed version of \"\"Winx Club\"\", Zob in \"\"Monster Allergy\"\", Conrad Cupmann in the \"\"Amazon Jack\"\" films and Zösky in \"\"Kaput and Zösky\"\". He also voiced the character of Jeri Skalnic in \"\"Still Life\"\". In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20947371", "chunk_text": "\"The Grubbs\"\nThe Grubbs The Grubbs was an unaired American sitcom television series. Based on the British sitcom \"\"the Grimleys\"\", it starred Michael Cera as Mitchell Grubb, Randy Quaid as his father, and Carol Kane as his mother. It would have premiered on November 3, 2002, but was cancelled two days before its planned premiere. \"\"The Grubbs\"\" was announced by Fox in May 2002, and was intended to premiere on November 3 of that year in Fox's 9:30 PM Sunday time slot, right after \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\". The series was co-produced by Granada Entertainment USA and 20th Century Fox Television, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "459711", "chunk_text": "\"Seann William Scott\"\nFox's \"\"Lethal Weapon\"\" as a new character named Wesley Cole, replacing Clayne Crawford as Martin Riggs. In March 2012, Scott confirmed that he was engaged to model Lindsay Frimodt. In January 2013, \"\"Us Weekly\"\" reported that this engagement had ended and that the two had split, but would remain friends. Seann William Scott Seann William Scott (born October 3, 1976) is an American actor, comedian, and producer. His most recognized roles are Steve Stifler in the \"\"American Pie\"\" film series (1999–2012) and Doug Glatt in both \"\"Goon\"\" (2011) and \"\"\"\" (2017). He has also starred in films including \"\"Final Destination\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5741458", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Scolaro\"\nBe Told\"\", Disney's \"\"Crash and Bernstein\"\", the film \"\"The Brothers Solomon\"\", as well as commercials for Snapple and Netflix. Brian Scolaro Brian Scolaro (born October 18, 1973) is an American comedian, actor, and voice actor. He is most known for his half-hour special on Comedy Central and his roles on FOX's \"\"Stacked\"\", TBS's \"\"Sullivan & Son\"\" and NBC's \"\"Three Sisters\"\". Brian Scolaro was born October 18, 1973 in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and went to Archbishop Molloy High School in Jamaica, Queens where he appeared as a lead in the school's theatre productions of \"\"No Time for Sergeants\"\", \"\"Room Service\"\", \"\"12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8532439", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Gray-Stanford\"\nJason Gray-Stanford Jason Gray-Stanford (born May 19, 1970) is a Canadian actor. He is known for playing Lieutenant Randy Disher in the TV program \"\"Monk\"\" and Raditz in the Ocean Group dub of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\". Gray Stanford earned a BFA degree from the University of British Columbia in theatre. He has done extensive dubbing work for various Japanese anime movies and series, and also contributed background vocals to Russell Crowe's 30 Odd Foot of Grunts album \"\"Gaslight\"\". He played Deputy Bobby Michan in the 1999 movie \"\"Mystery Alaska\"\" and appeared in the 2001 movie \"\"A Beautiful Mind\"\", both starring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11184839", "chunk_text": "\"Valin Shinyei\"\nValin Shinyei Valin Shinyei (born May 12, 2001) is a Canadian actor and dancer. Shinyei was born at home in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to an artist/designer father and choreographer/director mother. Shinyei has been featured in nearly two dozen national TV commercials and radio spots. Shinyei had lead roles in \"\"A Christmas Story \"\" (The Musical) as Ralphie Parker, \"\"A Christmas Story 2\"\" (the Movie) as Randy Parker, \"\"Mrs. Miracle\"\" as Jason Webster, and \"\"The Client List\"\" as Brady Horton and is the current voice of T.D. in the animated series \"\"Martha Speaks\"\". During the 2010 Paralypic Winter Games, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5595819", "chunk_text": "\"Heath McIvor\"\nFestival (\"\"Sammy J in the Forest of Dreams\"\") 2007 (\"\"Sammy J in the Forest of Dreams\"\") Heath McIvor Heath McIvor (born August 1980) is an Australian puppeteer, writer and singer known primarily for his role as 'Fiend' in The Jim Henson Company co-production \"\"Me and My Monsters\"\", and his more general role as the puppet comedian Randy Feltface. Heath McIvor's career in puppetry began when he was 17. Since 2002 Heath began performing with Melbourne children's theatre company Polyglot Theatre. He provided puppetry work for \"\"The Hobbit\"\", \"\"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\"\" and \"\"Walking With Dinosaurs, the Live", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13249426", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Stapp\"\nChris Stapp Chris Stapp (born 28 November 1973) is a New Zealand actor/director/musician best known for his role of stuntman Randy Cambell in \"\"Back Of The Y Masterpiece Television\"\". He and \"\"Back of the Y\"\" co-star Matt Heath appear in season 6 of \"\"Eating Media Lunch\"\". In 2005 the pair also hosted a weekly radio show \"\"Thursday Drive\"\" on bFM. He appeared, again as Randy Cambell, in the first season of the British show \"\"Balls of Steel\"\", and later in the film \"\"The Devil Dared Me To\"\" where Cambell is the central character. Recently told the \"\"New Zealand Listener\"\" \"\"our", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2111314", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Curry (actor)\"\nChristopher Curry (actor) Christopher Curry (born Christopher Root, October 22, 1948 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, US) is an American character actor of film and television who has appeared in more than 70 films and television programs since the 1980s. His best-known roles are as Captain Bosch in \"\"C.H.U.D.\"\" and Rico's father in \"\"Starship Troopers\"\". He also had a small role in \"\"Red Dragon\"\", and appeared as FBI Agent Stuckey in \"\"Home Alone 3\"\". From 2011 until 2015, he portrayed the recurring role of Earl Kinsella, the father of Wade Kinsella in the CW TV series \"\"Hart of Dixie\"\". 2014 SpaceBear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18544609", "chunk_text": "\"Kyle Broflovski\"\nKyle Broflovski Kyle Broflovski (sometimes spelled Kyle Broflovski, Broslovski, Broslofski, Brovlofski or Broflofski) is a main character in the animated television series \"\"South Park\"\". He is voiced by and loosely based on co-creator Matt Stone. Kyle is one of the show's four central characters, along with his friends Stan Marsh, Kenny McCormick, and Eric Cartman. He debuted on television when \"\"South Park\"\" first aired on August 13, 1997, after having first appeared in \"\"The Spirit of Christmas\"\" shorts created by Stone and long-time collaborator Trey Parker in 1992 (\"\"Jesus vs. Frosty\"\") and 1995 (\"\"Jesus vs. Santa\"\"). Kyle is a third-", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6322903", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Schwartz\"\nBolo Trolo\"\" (2016), \"\"Solo Bolo Cuatrolo\"\" (2016), and \"\"Solo Bolo Cincolo\"\" (2017). In nearly each episode he and host Scott Aukerman compete in the Olympic Song Challenge. In 2017, Schwartz began voicing Dewey in the Disney XD revival of \"\"DuckTales\"\". Schwartz has been featured as himself in Netflix's \"\"\"\"’s 2017 animated Christmas special - \"\"Home for the Holidays\"\" - alongside Kelly Clarkson. He is currently the voice of Leonardo in \"\"Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". In August 2018, Schwartz was announced to voice the titular character in the 2019 film, \"\"Sonic the Hedgehog\"\". Schwartz will also co-star in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16630538", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Friedline\"\nrecently appeared with a guest appearances in the TV series \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", and in the series \"\"\"\". Friedline's film appearances include in \"\"A Day Without a Mexican\"\" and \"\"Murderous Camouflage\"\". She has provided voice in several films, including \"\"Terminator Salvation\"\", \"\"Mr Woodcock\"\", \"\"Black Irish\"\", and \"\"Superman II\"\". Friedline has provided voice in countless TV series and television movies, including in \"\"Generation Gap\"\", \"\"Shark Swarm\"\", \"\"Avenging Angel\"\", and \"\"\"\". Friedline owns a production company named \"\"Hey Suz Productions\"\". Friedline married Mark Ferber in March 10, 2001. Suzanne gave birth to a son, Daniel Ferber, in 2004. Mark Ferber died on March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12161346", "chunk_text": "\"Lenny Venito\"\nin the ABC comedy \"\"The Neighbors\"\". From 2014 to 2017, Venito voiced the recurring character Uncle Chuck on the Disney XD animated series \"\"\"\". In 2016, Venito began co-starring in the CBS series \"\"Kevin Can Wait\"\", portraying the role of Kevin Gable's friend Duffy. Following its renewal after the first season, Venito chose to not renew his contract. Lenny Venito Lenny Venito (born May 10, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor, who has made appearances in movies such as \"\"Gigli\"\", \"\"Men in Black 3\"\", and \"\"War of the Worlds\"\". He also starred as Marty Weaver in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13971252", "chunk_text": "\"Trevor Devall\"\nTrevor Devall Trevor Devall (born November 10, 1972) is a Canadian voice actor, actor and podcaster. He worked for Ocean Studios and various other studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada for years, before he relocated to Los Angeles, California in 2013. He is best known for voicing Hot Dog in \"\"Krypto the Superdog\"\", Rocket Raccoon in the animated TV series \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\", Emperor Palpatine in \"\"Lego Star Wars\"\", Pyro in \"\"X-Men Evolution\"\", Dukey in seasons 5 and 6 of \"\"Johnny Test\"\", and various characters in the Netflix original series \"\"F Is for Family\"\", as well as providing voices", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16553424", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Meyers (actor)\"\nJosh Meyers (actor) Joshua Dylan Meyers ( ; born January 8, 1976) is an American actor and comedian, known for being a cast member of the sketch comedy series \"\"Mad TV\"\" and playing Randy Pearson in the eighth and final season of \"\"That '70s Show\"\". He is the younger brother of former \"\"SNL\"\" cast member and \"\"Late Night\"\" host Seth Meyers. Meyers was born the second of two boys in Bedford, New Hampshire, on January 8, 1976, the son of Hilary Claire (née Olson), a French teacher, and Laurence Meyers Jr., who worked in finance. He attended Manchester High School", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3032932", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Taylor Thomas\"\nlive-action films. Among the ones he starred in are those from Disney: \"\"Man of the House\"\", \"\"Tom and Huck\"\", and \"\"I'll Be Home for Christmas\"\". Other live-action films starring Thomas are an adaptation of \"\"The Adventures of Pinocchio\"\" (in which he played the titular character), \"\"Wild America\"\", \"\"Speedway Junky\"\", and \"\"Walking Across Egypt\"\". Thomas has been a vegetarian for much of his life. Jonathan Taylor Thomas Jonathan Taylor Thomas (born Jonathan Taylor Weiss; September 8, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, and director. He is known for portraying Randy Taylor on \"\"Home Improvement\"\" and voicing young Simba in Disney's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8058951", "chunk_text": "\"Bryton James\"\nBryton James Bryton Eric McClure (born August 17, 1986), also credited as Bryton James and Bryton, is an American actor, voice artist and singer. As a child actor, he played Richie Crawford on the ABC/CBS sitcom, \"\"Family Matters\"\". He currently plays Devon Hamilton on the CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". James was born in Lakewood, California to Eric (d. 2015) and Bette McClure, and raised in Fullerton, California. Bryton was exposed to music very early through his father, a musician, songwriter, and music producer. James started in show business when he was two years old. He appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8477647", "chunk_text": "\"Robby Benson\"\nRobby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"\"Friends\"\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"\"née\"\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took his mother's maiden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9370927", "chunk_text": "\"A. J. Locascio\"\n\"\"The Lego Movie\"\") was unavailable at that time. Locascio is voicing Prince Lotor, son of Zarkon, and James Griffin, a fighter pilot at the Garrison, on \"\"\"\". A. J. Locascio Anthony Junior LoCascio (born July 11, 1987), professionally as A. J. Locascio, is an American actor, voice actor, film director and film producer, best known for his voice acting role in \"\"\"\" as Marty McFly and Lotor from \"\"\"\". Locascio grew up in New Jersey before moving to New York City where he attended the School of Visual Arts. In an interview for the release of \"\"\"\", Locascio said that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7976113", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Cipes\"\nGreg Cipes Gregory Michael Cipes (born January 4, 1980) is an American actor. He was a cast member in the reality television program \"\"twentyfourseven\"\", and had recurring roles in \"\"MDs\"\" and \"\"Peacemakers\"\". His most notable roles have been voicing in cartoons. He voices Beast Boy in \"\"Teen Titans\"\", Kevin Levin in \"\"Ben 10\"\", and Michaelangelo in the 2012 edition of \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". Greg Cipes was born in Coral Springs, Florida, the son of Robin Mrasek and Geoff Cipes. He was ranked the number 3 Junior Professional Surfer in the U.S. in 1998, the year he began his career", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18087949", "chunk_text": "\"Drew Massey\"\nin television advertisements for Foster Farms (as the driver chicken), Sony (the blue guy), and Levi's (as Flat Eric). In the \"\"Over the Hedge\"\" video game, Massey voiced Verne and other characters. In the \"\"Kung Fu Panda\"\" video games, he voiced Crane and other characters. He is the star of \"\"The Sam Plenty Cavalcade of Action Show Plus Singing!\"\", playing Sam Plenty. He is also a performer on \"\"No, You Shut Up\"\" and \"\"Spontaneanation with Paul F. Tompkins\"\". Drew Massey Drew Massey (born April 4, 1964) is an American actor, voice actor, and puppeteer for the Jim Henson Company for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6630641", "chunk_text": "\"Clancy Brown\"\nClancy Brown Clarence J. Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as the Kurgan in the fantasy film \"\"Highlander\"\" (1986), Captain Byron Hadley in the prison drama film \"\"The Shawshank Redemption\"\" (1994), Charles Zim in the sci-fi film \"\"Starship Troopers\"\" (1997), David Hennessy in \"\"Vendetta\"\" (1999), and Brother Justin Crowe in the television series \"\"Carnivàle\"\" (2003–2005). He has also provided his voice to films, television series and video games, including Mr. Krabs in \"\"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\" (1999–present), Lex Luthor in various media, Doctor Neo Cortex in the \"\"Crash Bandicoot\"\" video games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14795598", "chunk_text": "\"Robby Benson\"\npractices Transcendental Meditation. Robby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"\"Friends\"\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"\"née\"\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3282357", "chunk_text": "\"Dana Snyder\"\nin 1996. Snyder was hired to voice Master Shake on \"\"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\"\", auditioning during a phone call to Dave Willis. Snyder provided the voice of Gazpacho on \"\"Chowder\"\", Todd and Benny Lee on the G4TV show \"\"Code Monkeys\"\", \"\"The Alchemist\"\" on \"\"The Venture Bros.\"\", and Granny Cuyler on \"\"Squidbillies\"\". He voices Leonard the Koala in \"\"The Penguins of Madagascar\"\" and plays a teacher named \"\"Mr. Baldwin\"\" on the Disney series \"\"Fish Hooks\"\". He played Alistair in \"\"Open Season 3\"\". Snyder provided the voices of Sam as well as Cold Fusion Reactor Dad on the web series \"\"Suicide by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5811989", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Mitchell (actor)\"\nMike Mitchell (actor) Michael Donovan Mitchell (born October 6, 1982) is an American actor, comedian, and writer best known as a member of The Birthday Boys sketch comedy group and for his role as Randy Monahan on the Netflix series \"\"Love\"\". He currently co-hosts the podcast \"\"Doughboys\"\", which reviews and discusses chain restaurants. Mitchell was raised in Quincy, Massachusetts, the son of Corinne and William A. Mitchell. He attended North Quincy High School, graduating from Ithaca College in May 2005. Mitchell started as an improv and sketch comedian at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater (UCB) in Los Angeles. At UCB,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "594553", "chunk_text": "\"Randy Josselyn\"\nRandy Josselyn Randy Josselyn (born February 1, 1974) is an American recurring character actor whose TV appearances include \"\"Family Matters\"\", \"\"Undressed\"\", \"\"7th Heaven\"\", \"\"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\"\", \"\"Picket Fences\"\" and \"\"Full House\"\". He was born on February 1, 1974 in Los Angeles, California. He graduated from Trabuco Hills High School in 1992. He first started his career by appearing in 104 episodes of \"\"Down to Earth\"\" as J.J. Preston. This was later followed by an appearance in \"\"Dolly\"\" in 1987, starring as Andy Colby in the film \"\"Andy Colby's Incredible Adventure\"\", \"\"Punky Brewster\"\" and \"\"Too Good To be True\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10465288", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Hardwick\"\nthe voice of Otis the Cow in \"\"Back at the Barnyard\"\", replacing Kevin James. He also created Nerdist Industries, operator of the Nerdist Podcast Network, and home of \"\"The Nerdist Podcast\"\", which later left the network with Hardwick and was renamed to \"\"ID10T with Chris Hardwick\"\". His podcast has 966 episodes as of 2018. Hardwick was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He is the son of professional bowler Billy Hardwick (1941–2013) and Sharon Hills (née Facente), a real estate agent in Pasadena, California. His maternal grandfather was Italian American, and opened a bowling alley where his parents first met. Hardwick was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2092028", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Everett\"\nDylan Everett Dylan Everett (born January 24, 1995) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"How To Be Indie\"\" (2009–2011), \"\"Wingin' It\"\" (2010–2013), \"\"\"\" (2012–2013), and \"\"Open Heart\"\" (2015). Everett played Streeter in the Canadian children's series \"\"The Doodlebops\"\" for two episodes. He then played roles in the movies \"\"The Devil's Mercy\"\", \"\"Booky & the Secret Santa\"\", \"\"Everything Is Connected\"\", \"\"Breakfast with Scot\"\", \"\"For All the Marbles\"\", and made a guest appearance in \"\"The Dresden Files\"\" as Scott Sharpe. He played 'Big Ben' in the Family Channel series \"\"The Latest Buzz\"\". He also voiced 'Wolfy'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_779	how many countries does cadbury sell its products?	n/a	[ "more than 50 countries worldwide", "more than 50" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810088", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nCadbury Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010. It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Mars. Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. It is known for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products. One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports. Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16673386", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\nHistory of Cadbury Cadbury is a British multinational confectionery company owned by Mondelēz International. It is the second largest confectionery brand in the world after Mars. Cadbury is headquartered in Uxbridge, London, and operates in more than fifty countries worldwide. Its best known products include Dairy Milk chocolate. In 1824, John Cadbury began to sell tea, coffee and drinking chocolate from his premises in Birmingham. Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, and later his sons Richard and George. George developed the Bournville estate, a model village designed to improve the living conditions of company employees. Dairy Milk chocolate,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262903", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\nbe splitting into two companies beginning on 1 October 2012. The confectionery business of Kraft became Mondelēz International, of which Cadbury is a subsidiary. History of Cadbury Cadbury is a British multinational confectionery company owned by Mondelēz International. It is the second largest confectionery brand in the world after Mars. Cadbury is headquartered in Uxbridge, London, and operates in more than fifty countries worldwide. Its best known products include Dairy Milk chocolate. In 1824, John Cadbury began to sell tea, coffee and drinking chocolate from his premises in Birmingham. Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, and later his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810108", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nsplitting into two companies beginning on 1 October 2012. The confectionery business of Kraft became Mondelez International, of which Cadbury is a subsidiary. In response to diminishing margins in early 2014, Mondelez hired Accenture to implement a US$3 billion cost-cutting program of the company's assets including Cadbury and Oreo. Beginning in 2015, Mondelez began closing Cadbury factories in several developed countries including Ireland, Canada, the United States, and New Zealand and shifting production to \"\"advantaged\"\" country locations like China, India, Brazil, and Eastern Europe. The closure of Cadbury factories in centers such as Dublin, Montreal, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Dunedin in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12406943", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nEaster. It is included a number of times across promotional materials.\"\" An ensuing controversy followed in Australia, where Cadbury was accused of removing the word 'Easter' from the packaging of its Easter eggs. Cadbury Australia rebutted that Easter was mentioned on \"\"the back of pack\"\", and that its eggs were obviously Easter eggs. General: Cadbury Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010. It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Mars. Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2602288", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Ireland\"\nCadbury Ireland Cadbury Ireland is a confectionery company in Ireland based in Coolock in Dublin. It is a subsidiary of Mondelēz International. It exports over 200 of its products to 30 countries worldwide, making a contribution of €110 million of Irish trade. Cadbury Ireland uses local ingredients. Cadbury Ireland operates two factories in Ireland in Coolock in Dublin (where the headquarters of Cadbury Ireland are located) and in Rathmore in Kerry. The company was established in 1933 as, originally operating from a factory in East Wall, Dublin, when at the time, the company manufactured and sold just three products. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2602289", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Ireland\"\nlater moved to its current site in Coolock in 1964. In February 2015, the company announced it was closing its Tallaght plant and moving some of its production from Coolock to Poland, resulting in the loss of about 200 jobs. Cadbury Ireland Cadbury Ireland is a confectionery company in Ireland based in Coolock in Dublin. It is a subsidiary of Mondelēz International. It exports over 200 of its products to 30 countries worldwide, making a contribution of €110 million of Irish trade. Cadbury Ireland uses local ingredients. Cadbury Ireland operates two factories in Ireland in Coolock in Dublin (where the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810110", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nas a cost-saving measure. In 1992, the company leased the space for £55 per ; by 2002 this had reached £68.75 per square foot. Bournville employs almost 1,000 people. In 2014, Mondelez announced a £75 million investment in the site. Bournville is home to Mondelez's Global Centre of Excellence for Chocolate research and development, so every new chocolate product created by the company anywhere in the world starts life at the Birmingham plant. The confectionery business in the UK is called Cadbury (formerly Cadbury Trebor Bassett) and, as of August 2004, had eight factories and 3,000 staff in the UK.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810124", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nPradesh) and sales offices in New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The corporate head office is in Mumbai. The head office is presently situated at Pedder Road, Mumbai, under the name of \"\"Cadbury House\"\". This monumental structure at Pedder Road has been a landmark for the citizens of Mumbai since its creation. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over two decades, Cadbury has worked with the Kerala Agricultural University to undertake cocoa research. Currently, Cadbury India operates in five categories – Chocolate confectionery, Beverages, Biscuits, Gum and Candy. Its products include Cadbury", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810123", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nfor a new public hospital. Mondelez area vice-president Banfield confirmed that Cadbury had sold the former factory site to the Ministry of Health for an undisclosed amount. Cadbury Canada produces and imports several products that are sold under the Cadbury and Maynards labels, including the following: Cadbury Canada is now part of Mondelez Canada and products are featured on the Snackworks website. In 1948, Cadbury India began its operations in India by importing chocolates. On 19 July 1948, Cadbury was incorporated in India. It now has manufacturing facilities in Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Hyderabad, Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810127", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\ndispute following objections by Nestlé. In 2008, Todd Stitzer, Cadbury's CEO, was paid a £2,665,000 bonus. Combined with his annual salary of £985,000 and other payments of £448,000 this gives a total remuneration of over £4 million. In July 2007, Cadbury Schweppes announced that it would be outsourcing its transactional accounting and order capture functions to Shared Business Services (SBS) centres run by a company called Genpact (a businesses services provider) in India, China, and Romania. This was to affect all business units and be associated with US and UK functions being transferred to India by the end of 2007,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718285", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nof Cadbury brand biscuits and drinking chocolate. Meanwhile, Schweppes switched its alliance in the UK from Pepsi to Coca-Cola, taking a 51 percent stake in the joint venture Coca-Cola Schweppes. The acquisition of Canada Dry doubled its worldwide drinks market share, and it took a 30 percent stake in Dr Pepper. As a result of these acquisitions, Cadbury Schweppes became the third largest soft drinks manufacturer in the world. In August 1988, the company sold its U.S. confectionery operations to Hershey's for $284.5 million cash plus the assumption of $30 million in debt. Snapple, Mistic and Stewart's (formerly Cable Car", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810107", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nCadbury company in July following Kraft's takeover. The European Commission decided that Kraft would have to divest Cadbury's confectionery businesses in Poland (Wedel) and Romania (Kandia). In June 2010, the Polish division, Cadbury-Wedel, was sold to Lotte of Korea. As part of the deal Kraft will keep the Cadbury, Hall's and other brands along with two plants in Skarbimierz. Lotte will take over the plant in Warsaw along with the E Wedel brand. Kandia was sold back to the Meinl family, which had owned the brand from 2003 to 2007. On 4 August 2011, Kraft Foods announced they would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810129", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nis associated with several types of confectionery including former Trebor and Bassett's brands or products such as Liquorice Allsorts, Jelly Babies, Flumps, Mints, Black Jack chews, Trident gum, and Softmints. Global sales of Cadbury products amounted to £491M in the 52 weeks to 16 August 2014. Notable product introductions include: On 19 January 2006, Cadbury Schweppes detected a rare strain of the \"\"Salmonella\"\" bacteria, affecting seven of its products. It has been said that it was caused by a leaking pipe. The leak occurred at its Marlbrook plant, in Herefordshire, which produces chocolate crumb mixture; the mixture is then transported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810103", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nacquisition of Cadbury. On 19 January 2010, it was announced that Cadbury and Kraft Foods had reached a deal and that Kraft would purchase Cadbury for £8.40 per share, valuing Cadbury at £11.5bn (US$18.9bn). Kraft, which issued a statement stating that the deal will create a \"\"global confectionery leader\"\", had to borrow £7 billion (US$11.5bn) in order to finance the takeover. The Hershey Company, based in Pennsylvania, manufactures and distributes Cadbury-branded chocolate (but not its other confectionery) in the United States and has been reported to share Cadbury's \"\"ethos\"\". Hershey had expressed an interest in buying Cadbury because it would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20487474", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Creme Egg\"\nsubstitute, with reports of a loss of more than £6m in sales. Creme Eggs are produced by Cadbury UK in Scotland, by The Hershey Company in the United States and by Cadbury Adams in Canada. They are sold by Mondelēz International in all markets except the US, where the Hershey Company has the local marketing rights. At the Bournville factory in Birmingham, in the UK, they are manufactured at a rate of 1.5 million per day. The Creme Egg was also previously manufactured in New Zealand but, since 2009, they are imported from the UK. While filled eggs were first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262899", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\nOn 19 January 2010, it was announced that Cadbury and Kraft Foods had reached a deal and that Kraft would purchase Cadbury for £8.40 per share, valuing Cadbury at £11.5bn (US$18.9bn). Kraft, which issued a statement stating that the deal will create a \"\"global confectionery leader\"\", had to borrow £7 billion (US$11.5bn) in order to finance the takeover. The Hershey Company, based in Pennsylvania, manufactures and distributes Cadbury-branded chocolate (but not its other confectionery) in the United States and has been reported to share Cadbury's \"\"ethos\"\". Hershey had expressed an interest in buying Cadbury because it would broaden its access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810109", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nNew Zealand generated outcries from the local populations. The plan received approval from several market shareholders including the Australian and New Zealand banks Westpac and ASB Bank. Cadbury has its head office at Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in Uxbridge, London Borough of Hillingdon, England. The company occupies of leased space inside Building 3 of the business park, which it shares with Mondelez's UK division. After acquiring Cadbury, Kraft confirmed that the company would remain at Cadbury House. Cadbury relocated to Uxbridge from its previous head office at 25 Berkeley Square in Mayfair, City of Westminster in 2007", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718320", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nall of its 11 chocolate products made in its three Beijing factories, on suspicion of contamination with melamine. The recall affected the mainland China markets, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Australia. Products recalled included Dark Chocolate, a number of products in the 'Dairy Milk' range and Chocolate Éclairs. Cadbury continues to use hydrogenated oils in many of its signature products. Although trans fats are present, the nutrition labels round the values down to zero. Cadbury recalled two chocolate products after it was tested positive for traces of pork DNA, namely Cadbury Dairy Milk Hazelnut and Cadbury Dairy Milk Roast Almond. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810116", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nconfectionery and beverages businesses of Cadbury Schweppes in Australia were formally separated and the beverages business began operating as Schweppes Australia Pty Ltd. In April 2009, Schweppes Australia was acquired by Asahi Breweries. In late June 2012, Cadbury introduced Marvellous Creations a new chocolate range with three flavours – Peanut Toffee Cookie, Jelly Crunchie Bits or Jelly Popping Candy Beanies covered in Dairy Milk Chocolate. In 2015 the Australian Cadbury, factory located in Hobart, reduced its work force by 80 and in 2017 closed its visitor's centre. In August 2017 Cadbury announced that 50 workers will be shed from its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810122", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nOctober 2017, Cadbury announced that it would be shifting all production of its New Zealand brands to Australia after failing to find a local supplier. The termination of New Zealand production will take effect in March 2018. Mondelez's New Zealand country head James Kane confirmed the shift on the grounds that the production of Cadbury products would require certain technologies, production processes and skills that local New Zealand manufacturers lacked. On 4 May, it was reported that the Dunedin Cadbury World would be closing down after the Ministry of Health purchased the entire former Cadbury factory site to make way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262892", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\na landmark advertising campaign, the sales of Flake quadrupled. However the launch of the Rowntree Yorkie chocolate bar in the UK in 1976 seriously dented the sales of Dairy Milk, and Cadbury's UK market share declined to 20 percent. In order to counter a declining market share, Cadbury reduced its number of lines from 78 to 33, and installed state-of-the-art technology at the Bourneville plant. In 1978 the company acquired Peter Paul, the third largest chocolate manufacturer in the United States for $58 million, which gave it a 10 percent share of the world's largest confectionery market. The highly successful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19749232", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury World\"\nWhilst not a factory tour, Cadbury World offers its visitors the opportunity to explore and discover chocolate's history, and to learn about the origins and story of the Cadbury business, which is part of Mondelez, the world's second largest confectionery manufacturer. Cadbury World currently features 14 zones which tell the story of chocolate and the Cadbury business through various static sets, animatronics, video presentations, multi-sensory cinema, interactive displays and activities, and staff demonstrations. These zones also include \"\"The Bournville Experience\"\" (Opened in 2007 replacing the Cadbury Collection Museum), which explains the background to the development of the site on which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810111", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nMondelez also sells biscuits bearing the Cadbury brand, such as Cadbury Fingers. Cadbury also owns Trebor Bassett, Fry's and Maynards. Ice cream based on Cadbury products, like 99 Flake, is made under licence by Frederick's Dairies. Cadbury cakes and chocolate spread are manufactured under licence by Premier Foods, but the cakes were originally part of Cadbury Foods Ltd with factories at Blackpole in Worcester and Moreton on the Wirral, with distribution depots throughout the UK. Other Kraft subsidiaries in the UK include Cadbury Two LLP, Cadbury UK Holdings Limited, Cadbury US Holdings Limited, Cadbury Four LLP, Cadbury Holdings Limited, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810118", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\ntourist attraction on the premises of the Dunedin factory known as Cadbury World, which featured a large chocolate waterfall. In 2007, Cadbury closed down its Auckland factory, leading to the loss of 200 jobs. In 2009, the Cadbury Dunedin factory attracted criticism from consumers and local environmentalists when it replaced cocoa butter with palm oil. In response, the company backtracked but still retained palm oil as a filling some ingredients. Over the next several years, Cadbury began downsizing its products, including trimming chocolate blocks in 2015. On 16 February 2017, it was reported that Cadbury would be closing its factory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11358673", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel\"\nCadbury Dairy Milk Caramel Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel (better known and still referred to by its former name Cadbury's Caramel or Cadbury Caramel) is a chocolate bar that is part of the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand and is made by Cadbury UK and Cadbury Ireland. The bar is sold in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. The bar was first launched in 1976, originally called Cadbury's Caramel until 2003, when it was renamed. In early 2009 it was relaunched, with the Caramel name re-emphasised as the main on-pack brand, and the Dairy Milk brand logo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16673387", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\nintroduced in 1905, used a higher proportion of milk within the recipe compared with rival products. By 1914, the chocolate was the company's best-selling product. Cadbury merged with J. S. Fry & Sons in 1919, and Schweppes in 1969. Cadbury was a constant constituent of the FTSE 100 from the index's 1984 inception until the company was bought by Kraft Foods in 2010. In 1824, John Cadbury began selling tea, coffee, and drinking chocolate in Bull Street in Birmingham, England. From 1831 he moved into the production of a variety of cocoa and drinking chocolates, made in a factory in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18017952", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Eclairs\"\nCadbury Eclairs Cadbury Eclairs are a confectionery currently manufactured by Cadbury. Introduced in the United Kingdom in 1965, they were adapted into a Dairy Milk version of Eclairs after Cadbury was acquired by the privately owned company Pascall in 1922. They are available in bags or rolls and can be found in the Cadbury Heroes selection. Eclairs are currently available in South Africa, United Kingdom, Ireland, Kenya, Hong Kong and India; where they are known as \"\"Dairy Milk Eclairs\"\". In 2013 Mondelēz International updated the UK ingredients list to add in the inclusion of palm oil in the recipe. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810125", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nDairy Milk, Dairy Milk Silk, Bournville, 5-Star, Temptations, Perk, Eclairs, Bournvita, Celebrations, Gems, Bubbaloo, Cadbury Dairy Milk Shots, Toblerone, Halls, Bilkul, Tang, and Oreo. It is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery business with a market share of over 70%. On 21 April 2014, Cadbury India changed its name to Mondelez India Foods Limited. In 2017, Cadbury/Mondelez agreed to pay a $13 million FCPA penalty for making illicit payments to government officials to obtain licences and approvals to build a factory in Baddi. In 2012, Alf Mizzi & Sons Marketing (Ltd) took over the importation and distribution of Cadbury,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810126", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nas well as several other Mondelez brands. Most of the Cadbury products are imported directly from the UK. The advertising of the brand was taken over by Sloane Ltd., which proved to be highly successful in creating market specific commercials, reaching more of the Maltese population than ever through digital advertising. The Cadbury signature logo is derived from the signature of William Cadbury. It was adopted as the worldwide logo in the 1970s. Cadbury famously trademarked the colour purple for chocolates with registrations in 1995 and 2004. However, the validity of these trademarks is the matter of an ongoing legal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262897", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\nConfectionery, the Own Label trading division of Cadbury Trebor Bassett was sold to Tangerine Confectionery for £58 million cash. This sale included factories at Pontefract, Cleckheaton and York and a distribution centre near Chesterfield, and the transfer of around 800 employees. In mid-2009 Cadbury replaced some of the cocoa butter in their non-UK chocolate products with palm oil. Despite stating this was a response to consumer demand to improve taste and texture, there was no \"\"new improved recipe\"\" claim placed on New Zealand labels. Consumer backlash was significant from environmentalists and chocolate lovers. By August 2009, the company announced that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17880084", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Roses\"\nIreland currently contain 11 different varieties of chocolate. In Australia the varieties have changed and are currently (September 2018): Current varieties in New Zealand: They are most frequently advertised with the classic slogan of \"\"Say 'Thank You', with Cadbury Roses\"\" in the UK, New Zealand, and Australia, and \"\"Thank you very much\"\" on television advertisements. A memorable 1960s UK advertising campaign used the slogan 'Roses Grow On You' and included television advertisements presented by the comedian Norman Vaughan. UK, Isle of Man & Republic of Ireland Australia Cadbury Roses Pots Of Joy Strawberry Dream: milk chocolate yoghurt made with real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12856771", "chunk_text": "Crunchie\nin Somerset, UK; however, production has now transferred to Cadbury's new plant in Skarbimierz, Poland. Labels for these products do not state a country of origin, instead stating \"\"Made in the EU under licence from Cadbury UK Ltd\"\". In some countries a similar product called \"\"violet crumble\"\" is available. The Crunchie bar is widely available in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India. It is imported in other countries, including Cyprus, Hong Kong, Malta, Nigeria, Panama, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tahiti and less widely so in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810112", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nCadbury One LLP. Cadbury Ireland Limited is based in Coolock in Dublin, where the headquarters of Cadbury Ireland are located, and Tallaght. The third is in Rathmore, County Kerry. Products made by Cadbury in Ireland include Cadbury Dairy Milk Range, Cadbury Twirl, Cadbury Cadbury Snacks Range Flake and Boost (formerly Moro). Cadbury used to produce the Time Out bar in Ireland for the European market however this production was moved to Poland. Cadbury Adams produces candy, gum, breath mints and cough drops. It is headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey. The company was formed after the then Cadbury Schweppes purchased the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718284", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nmillion, which gave it a 10 percent share of the world's largest confectionery market. The highly successful Wispa chocolate bar was launched in the North East of England in 1981, and nationwide in 1984. In 1982, trading profits were greater outside of Britain than in the UK for the first time. In 1986, Cadbury Schweppes sold its Beverages and Foods division to a management buyout known as Premier Brands for £97 million. This saw the company divest itself of such brands as Typhoo Tea, Kenco, Smash and Hartley Chivers jam. The deal also saw Premier take the licence for production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810093", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nby moving the focus from tea and coffee to chocolate, and by increasing the quality of their products. The firm's first major breakthrough occurred in 1866 when Richard and George introduced an improved cocoa into Britain. A new cocoa press developed in the Netherlands removed some of the unpalatable cocoa butter from the cocoa bean. The firm began exporting its products in the 1850s. In 1861, the company created Fancy Boxes — a decorated box of chocolates — and in 1868 they were sold in boxes in the shape of a heart for Valentine's Day. Boxes of filled chocolates quickly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15335736", "chunk_text": "\"Yowie (chocolate)\"\nand assembly instructions for the collectable. The first series featured 50 animals, plus figurines of each of the six Yowie characters. Cadbury Yowie was selling over one million units weekly and in its first year sold 2.5 Yowies for every man, woman and child in Australia. The brand won multiple industry awards in Australia and internationally, including Best Global Supermarket Product and Best Global Confectionery Product at the 1997 Sial international food industry awards in Paris. A Yowie collector scene soon emerged with collector clubs forming across Australia and New Zealand and websites devoted to displaying and swapping Yowie collectables.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810117", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nHobart factory. Within Australia there is debate regarding halal certification. Many of Cadbury's products are halal certified. This certification has generated controversy, especially from One Nation politician Pauline Hanson. Cadbury had also operated a factory in Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island until its closure in March 2018. In 1930, Cadbury partnered up with local confectionery businessman Richard Hudson, who owned a chocolate, confectionery, biscuit factory on Castle Street. Hudson's factorywas rebranded as Cadbury Hudson and later became known as the Cadbury Confectionery. Cadbury later established a second factory in Auckland in the North Island. In 2003, Cadbury established a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810119", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nin Dunedin, New Zealand by March 2018. This is estimated to lead to the loss of 350 jobs. Amanda Banfield, Mondelez's vice-president for Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, clarified that the closure was done due to Mondelez's decision to shift chocolate manufacturing to Cadbury's Australian factories. However, Mondelez has also confirmed that Dunedin's Cadbury World tourist attraction would remain open due to its popularity with tourists. Following four weeks of consultations with local Cadbury employees, the Mayor of Dunedin Dave Cull, and local trade union representatives, Banfield confirmed that the closure would go ahead the following year due to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11329984", "chunk_text": "\"Ferrero Rocher\"\ncountries in Asia, 2 countries in the Oceania region, and 2 countries in Africa. The chocolate is widely available in supermarkets or department stores .. Before the 1980s, China had not been exposed to chocolate because the country shut its doors to foreign business. China began letting foreign businesses in, especially the Big Five chocolate companies (Cadbury, Hershey's, Nestlé, Mars, and Ferrero SpA). Ferrero SpA was successful in China. To the Chinese, the gold wrapper may have represented opulence. Ferrero Rochers are associated with Christmas and New Year. As of 2015, 61% of Ferrero Rochers were sold during the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810114", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\ncontained beverage unit Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages. In 1982, Cadbury Schweppes purchased the Duffy-Mott Company. Cadbury Adams' products include: Cadbury's products were first imported into Australia as early as 1853 when 3 cases of Cadbury's cocoa and chocolate were advertised for sale in Adelaide. Cadbury's first overseas order in 1881 was made for the Australian market. In 1919, as part of its plans to expand internationally, the company decided to build a factory in Australia. In 1920 Claremont, Tasmania was chosen for the location because of its close proximity to the city of Hobart, good source of inexpensive hydro-electricity and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810121", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nDespite generating NZ$6 million in funds, DMH abandoned its bid on 22 June due to Mondelez's stringent production and supply requirements and difficulties in acquiring manpower and machinery. Mondelez has also indicated that it is negotiating with two local chocolate companies to ensure the production of iconic local brands such as Pineapple Lumps, Jaffas, Chocolate Fish, Buzz Bars, and Pinky Bars in New Zealand. Following the failure of DMH's bid, spokesperson O'Malley announced on 12 September that his group would launch a new crowdfunding campaign to buy and expand local craft chocolate manufacturer OCHO (the Otago Chocolate Company). On 17", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718283", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nMars. As a result of the takeover, Cadbury built a 60 percent market share in the Australian market. Cadbury merged with drinks company Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969. Head of Schweppes, Lord Watkinson, became chairman, and Adrian Cadbury became deputy chairman and managing director. The benefits of the merger were to prove elusive. The merger put an end to Cadbury's close links to its Quaker founding family and its perceived social ethos by instilling a capitalist venturer philosophy in management. In 1978, the company acquired Peter Paul, the third largest chocolate manufacturer in the United States for $58", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13718281", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nlabel). By 1930 Cadbury had become the 24th-largest British manufacturing company as measured by estimated market value of capital. Cadbury took direct control of the under-performing Fry in 1935. Dairy Milk Whole Nut arrived in 1933, and Roses were introduced in 1938. Chocolate ceased to be a luxury product and became affordable to the working classes for the first time. By the mid-1930s, Cadbury estimated that 90 percent of the British population could afford to buy chocolate. By 1936, Dairy Milk accounted for 60 percent of the UK milk chocolate market. During World War II, parts of the Bournville factory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810089", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nsold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate. Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, followed by his sons Richard and George. George developed the Bournville estate, a model village designed to give the company's workers improved living conditions. Dairy Milk chocolate, introduced in 1905, used a higher proportion of milk within the recipe compared with rival products. By 1914, the chocolate was the company's best-selling product. Cadbury, alongside Rowntree's and Fry, were the big three British confectionery manufacturers throughout much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Cadbury was granted its first Royal Warrant from Queen Victoria in 1854. It has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810100", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nto Asahi Breweries. In October 2007, Cadbury announced the closure of the Somerdale Factory, in Keynsham, Somerset, formerly part of Fry's. Between 500 and 700 jobs were affected by this change. Production transferred to other plants in England and Poland. In 2008, Monkhill Confectionery, the Own Label trading division of Cadbury Trebor Bassett was sold to Tangerine Confectionery for £58 million cash. This sale included factories at Pontefract, Cleckheaton and York and a distribution centre near Chesterfield, and the transfer of around 800 employees. In mid-2009, Cadbury replaced some of the cocoa butter in their non-UK chocolate products with palm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10810128", "chunk_text": "Cadbury\nwith all units transferred by mid-2009. Depending on the success of this move, other accounting Human Resources functions may follow. This development is likely to lead to the loss of several hundred jobs worldwide, but also to several hundred jobs being created, at lower salaries commensurate with wages paid in developing countries. Major chocolate brands produced by Cadbury include the bars Dairy Milk, Crunchie, Caramel, Wispa, Boost, Picnic, Flake, Curly Wurly, Chomp, and Fudge; chocolate Buttons; the boxed chocolate brand Milk Tray; and the twist-wrapped chocolates Heroes. As well as Cadbury's chocolate, the company also owns Maynards and Halls, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19749231", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury World\"\nCadbury World Cadbury World is a visitor attraction, featuring a self-guided exhibition tour, created and run by the Cadbury chocolate company. Two locations exist: Birmingham, United Kingdom and Dunedin, New Zealand. Cadbury World was opened on 14 August 1990 by Morgan Anderson on Cadbury's Bournville manufacturing site, and has expanded and developed its content through 'continuous improvement'. Cadbury World has gone on to become one of Birmingham's largest leisure attractions - welcoming over 500,000 visitors each year, especially children and delivering a respected education programme (linking back directly to the educational advancements and interests of the company's original founding fathers).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262901", "chunk_text": "\"History of Cadbury\"\nfrom the stock market and fully integrate it as part of Kraft. This was achieved on 5 February 2010, and the company announced that Cadbury shares would be de-listed on 8 March 2010. On 3 February 2010, the chairman Roger Carr, chief executive Todd Stitzer and chief financial officer Andrew Bonfield all announced their resignations. Stitzer had worked at the company for 27 years. On 9 February 2010, Kraft announced that they were planning to close the Somerdale Factory, Keynsham, with the loss of 400 jobs. The management explained that existing plans to move production to Poland were too advanced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8923618", "chunk_text": "\"Cadbury Fingers\"\nCadbury Fingers Fingers are a popular chocolate biscuit in the United Kingdom and Ireland which consists of a biscuit centre covered in chocolate. Fingers are produced at Burton's Biscuit Company in the United Kingdom and sold by Cadbury UK, and are distributed in markets around the world, including North and South America, Europe and Asia. Since March 2013, Cadbury Fingers have also been sold in Australia with three different varieties available. Fingers are sold in rectangular boxes contained in a compartmented plastic tray sealed in Cellophane. Double size boxes holding two trays are also available. Promotional boxes containing three trays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_780	ethiopia flight 961 crashes in to the sea?	n/a	[ "23 November 1996" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14134487", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nsome ten degrees; the left engine and wingtip struck the water first. The engine acted as a scoop and struck a coral reef, slowing that side of the aircraft quickly and causing the Boeing 767 to suddenly tilt left. The rest of the aircraft then entered the water unevenly, causing it to break apart. Except for the rear part of the airframe, the broken portions of the fuselage sank rapidly. Many passengers died because they inflated their life jackets in the cabin, causing them to be trapped inside by the rising water. Island residents and tourists, including a group of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5544698", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409\"\nEthiopian Airlines Flight 409 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 was an international commercial flight scheduled from Beirut to Addis Ababa that crashed into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after takeoff from Rafic Hariri International Airport on 25 January 2010, killing all 90 people on board. This was the first fatal crash for Ethiopian Airlines since the hijack of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 in 1996. The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-8AS, registration ET-ANB, s/n 29935. It had its maiden flight on 18 January 2002, and was delivered new to Ryanair on 4 February 2002 as EI-CSW. Stored in , Ethiopian Airlines took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1848937", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nEthiopian Airlines Flight 961 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was a scheduled flight serving the route Addis Ababa–Nairobi–Brazzaville–Lagos–Abidjan. On 23 November 1996, the aircraft serving the flight, a Boeing 767-200ER, was hijacked en route from Addis Ababa to Nairobi by three Ethiopians seeking asylum in Australia. The plane crash-landed in the Indian Ocean near Grande Comore, Comoros Islands, due to fuel exhaustion; 125 of the 175 passengers and crew on board, including the three hijackers, died. The only (partially) successful ditching of a wide-body airliner in history, the crash was captured on video. The aircraft involved in the crash was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2057295", "chunk_text": "\"Leul Abate\"\nLeul Abate Captain Leul Abate (Ge'ez: born 1954) is an Ethiopian pilot who piloted Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, which was hijacked on 23 November 1996, fifteen minutes out from Addis Ababa to Nairobi, by three Ethiopians seeking political asylum in Australia. The plane crashed in the Indian Ocean near The Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125 of the 175 passengers and crew on board. Leul observed that, \"\"[The hijackers] knew they wouldn't make it to Australia - they just wanted us to crash. They should be dead. The way they were talking they didn't want to live.\"\" Four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2057299", "chunk_text": "\"Leul Abate\"\nsecond was on 17 March 1995, flying a Boeing 737-260. The hijackers held a hostess hostage, entered the cockpit and told Leul to fly to Sweden. In both cases, Leul had landed safely and no one was hurt. Leul Abate Captain Leul Abate (Ge'ez: born 1954) is an Ethiopian pilot who piloted Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, which was hijacked on 23 November 1996, fifteen minutes out from Addis Ababa to Nairobi, by three Ethiopians seeking political asylum in Australia. The plane crashed in the Indian Ocean near The Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125 of the 175 passengers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1097539", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines\"\nthe airline has had 60 accidents and incidents since 1965, plus six more for \"\"Ethiopian Air Lines\"\", the airline's former name. , these occurrences resulted in 337 deaths. One hijacking is the carrier's deadliest accident, when the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean due to fuel starvation in 1996. The second-deadliest accident occurred in 2010, when an aircraft crashed into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after it departed Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport, killing all 90 people on board. The crash of a Boeing 737-200 in 1988 led to 35 fatalities and ranks as the third most deadly accident experienced by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3999256", "chunk_text": "\"Boeing 767\"\nAirport in Busan, South Korea. The crash resulted in the death of 129 of the 166 people on board, and the cause was attributed to pilot error. The 767 has been involved in six hijackings, three resulting in loss of life, for a combined total of 282 occupant fatalities. On November 23, 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, a 767-200ER, was hijacked and crash-landed in the Indian Ocean near the Comoros Islands after running out of fuel, killing 125 out of the 175 persons on board; survivors have been rare among instances of land-based aircraft ditching on water. Two 767s were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18175044", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines accidents and incidents\"\nLockheed L-100 Hercules. The airline most infamous accident occurred in , when a hijacked Boeing 767-200ER crashed into the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the Comoros Islands, due to fuel starvation, killing 125 of the 175 passengers and crew on board. The second deadliest episode took place in and involved a Boeing 737-800 that had just departed Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport and crashed into the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Lebanon; there were 90 people on board, of whom none survived. The crash of a Boeing 737-200 at Bahir Dar Airport in ranks as the carrier third deadliest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11521935", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\non 30 November 1996. The incident has become a well-known hijacking because of the videotape. This was one of very few large airliner water landings, and was the first hijacked water landing. Both the captain and first officer of the flight received aviation awards, and both continued to fly for Ethiopian Airlines. The crash was featured in three episodes of \"\"Mayday\"\" (\"\"Air Emergency\"\", \"\"Air Crash Investigation\"\"). The first appearance was in season 1 to explain what might have happened if Air Transat Flight 236 had ditched instead of landing in a nearby airport. In season 3, an episode (\"\"Ocean Landing\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1848947", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\namong the dead. Many of the passengers survived the initial crash, but they had disregarded or did not hear Leul's warning not to inflate their life jackets inside the aircraft, causing them to be pushed against the ceiling of the fuselage by the inflated life jackets when water flooded in. Unable to escape, they drowned. An estimated 60 to 80 passengers, strapped to their seats, presumably drowned. Leul and Yonas both survived. For his actions, Leul was awarded the Flight Safety Foundation Professionalism in Flight Safety Award. Among those killed was Mohamed Amin, a wartime photojournalist and publisher of \"\"Selamta\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13344316", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\ncovered the events of Flight 961 in detail. Most recently, it featured in the season 10 episode covering US Airways Flight 1549, to explain the risks of that crew's decision to ditch in the Hudson River. It was also featured in a 2010 episode of the Biography Channel series \"\"I Survived...\"\", in which a survivor told his story of what happened on the plane. Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was a scheduled flight serving the route Addis Ababa–Nairobi–Brazzaville–Lagos–Abidjan. On 23 November 1996, the aircraft serving the flight, a Boeing 767-200ER, was hijacked en route from Addis Ababa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14134489", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\ndied, making the death toll 125. Excluding those transported to Réunion, survivors were transported to Kenya and South Africa. At the time there was no mortuary in Moroni, so cold rooms were used to store 124 bodies. On 3 December 1996 the \"\"Direction Generale de l'Aviation Civile des Comores\"\" of the Comoros agreed to delegate the investigation of ET961 to the Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA). The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) analysed the flight recorders. The final accident report includes a listing of surviving and dead passengers and crew. All 12 crew members were Ethiopians. Six survived, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2027119", "chunk_text": "Mitsamiouli\nMitsamiouli Mitsamiouli (population 6,100) is a town on the northwest coast of Grande Comore in the Comoros. On 23 November 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 made a crash-landing in the shallow waters offshore from Le Galawa Beach Hotel in Mitsamiouli. Of the 175 passengers, 125 died, despite rescue attempts by island residents and tourists. Mitsamiouli lies on the northwest coast of the island, along the main coast road RN-1 and RN-3. This coastal road connects it to Djomani and Ntsaouéni further to the south on the west coast and Ivoini on the northeast coast. The RR 122 road runs south", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14134486", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nmake an emergency landing at Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport on Grande Comore, but a fight with the hijackers at the last minute caused him to lose his visual point of reference, leaving him unable to locate the airport. While still fighting with the hijackers, he tried to ditch the aircraft in shallow waters off Le Galawa Beach Hotel, near Mitsamiouli at the northern end of Grande Comore island. Abate attempted to land parallel with the waves instead of against the waves in an effort to smooth the landing. Seconds prior to contacting the water the aircraft was banked left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12712179", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nBoeing 767-260ER, registration ET-AIZ, c/n 23916, that had its maiden flight on 17 September 1987. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4E engines, it was delivered new to Ethiopian Airlines on 22 October 1987. Except for a short period between and when it was leased to Air Tanzania, the airplane spent its life in the Ethiopian Airlines fleet. It was nine years old at the time the incident took place. Captain Leul Abate (42), an experienced pilot with over 11,500 total flight hours (including 4,067 hours in the Boeing 757/767), was the pilot-in-command. The first officer on the flight was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14134490", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\npilot and copilot. The passengers originated from 36 countries. The passenger manifest (including hijackers but not crew members) follows: The dead passenger count includes the three hijackers. Of the passengers, 42 originated in Bombay, including: The rest of the passengers originated in Addis Ababa. Of the 175 passengers and crew members, 125 were killed, including the three hijackers. According to the accident report, all six surviving crew members and 38 passengers received serious injuries, two passengers received minor injuries, and four passengers received no injuries. One passenger, an Ethiopian, was identified as a child on the manifest; this passenger was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8500320", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Air Force\"\nSaab 91 Safir, and Saab 17 In 2013, an Ethiopian military cargo plane crashed on landing at Mogadishu airport in Somalia, killing four of the six crew members. On 30 August 2018, a DHC-6 military aircraft operating as flight 808 (ET-AIU), carrying 15 members of the defense force and 3 civilians, crashed twenty minutes away from landing at Harar Meda Airport in Bishoftu after taking off from Dire Dawa. No survivors were reported. Ethiopian Air Force The Ethiopian Air Force (ETAF) (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ አየር ሃይል, \"\"Ye Ithopya Ayer Hayl\"\") is the air arm of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13330641", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409\"\ndelivery of the aircraft on 12 September 2009, leased from CIT Aerospace. Provided with twin CFM56-7B26 powerplants, the airframe last underwent maintenance checks on 25 December 2009 without any technical problems found. It was old at the time the accident took place. The Boeing 737 took-off from runway 21 at Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport in stormy weather, with 82 passengers and eight crew members on board. The METAR data indicated wind speeds of out of varying directions and thunderstorms in the vicinity of the airport. The aircraft climbed to turned sharply towards the left, stalled, and crashed into the Mediterranean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14134488", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nscuba divers and some French doctors on vacation, came to the aid of crash survivors. A tourist recorded a video of ET-AIZ crashing. She said that she had begun taping because she initially believed that the 767 formed a part of an air show for tourists. Survivors were initially taken to Mitsamiouli Hospital. The crash site was less than away from this hospital. The passengers were transferred to El-Maarouf Regional Hospital Centre (\"\"Centre Hospitalier National El Maarouf\"\") in Moroni the same day. The two French who survived and 19 injured were transported to Réunion. In Réunion, one of the injured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10544822", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409\"\nthe following list of the nationalities of the victims: The wife of the French ambassador in Beirut, Marla Sanchez Pietton, was among the passengers. A memorial ceremony was held at the Ethiopian Airlines premises in Addis Ababa on 14 February 2010. The crash was dramatized in the twelfth series of the Canadian documentary \"\"Mayday\"\" (also known as \"\"Air Emergency\"\" or \"\"Air Crash Investigation\"\"). The episode re-creates the crash based on the Lebanese investigators' final report. Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 was an international commercial flight scheduled from Beirut to Addis Ababa that crashed into the Mediterranean Sea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12712181", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nin order to wait for a connecting flight. The aircraft took off at 08:09 UTC. At about 08:29 UTC, when the aircraft, referred to as \"\"Zulu\"\" by Ethiopian Airlines' pilots, after the last letter of its registration, was still flying over Ethiopian airspace, three Ethiopian men charged the cockpit and hijacked the aircraft after taking an axe and a fire extinguisher from the cockpit. According to a special \"\"Airdisaster.com\"\" report, \"\"One of the men ran down the aisle toward the cockpit, shouting statements that could not be understood, and his two accomplices followed soon after.\"\" The Airdisaster report described the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6189527", "chunk_text": "\"Flydubai Flight 981\"\nFlydubai Flight 981 Flydubai Flight 981 was a scheduled international passenger flight that crashed during an aborted landing at Rostov-on-Don Airport, Russia, on 19 March 2016, resulting in the deaths of all 62 passengers and crew on board. The flight, operated with a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, had originated from Dubai International Airport, in the United Arab Emirates. The weather at Rostov was poor at the time. Flight 981 aborted its first landing attempt and went into a holding pattern for nearly two hours before making a second landing attempt. After aborting the second attempt, the aircraft climbed sharply then descended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4584024", "chunk_text": "\"Mohamed Amin\"\nin Ethiopia during the Ethiopian Civil War. Amin died in November 1996 when his flight Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was hijacked and crashed into the ocean near Grande Comore. Amin was not just active in Africa, but also in the Middle East. He covered the Palestinian Black September uprising to seize control of Jordan in September 1970. He was able to move among the Palestinian forces where Western journalists could not. Amin boarded Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 on November 23, 1996 with 61-year-old Brian Tetley, a colleague who wrote the text for Amin's photography books, to travel to Nairobi after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1875684", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604\"\nEthiopian Airlines Flight 604 Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604 was a scheduled Addis Ababa–Bahir Dar–Asmara flight, that caught fire during a belly landing at Bahir Dar Airport, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, on 15 September 1988. The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 737-260, registration ET-AJA, delivered new to Ethiopian Airlines. At the time of the accident the aircraft was less than a year old. On , the aircraft was scheduled to operate the second leg of a domestic Addis Ababa–Bahir Dar–Asmara passenger service with 98 passengers and 6 crew members on board. Both engines of the aircraft ingested a flock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "853396", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Comoros\"\ncivilian government that Denard had tried to set up in October 1995, became president. On 23 November 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 crashed near a beach on the island after it was hijacked and ran out of fuel killing 125 people and leaving 50 survivors. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Mohéli declared their independence from the Comoros. A subsequent attempt by the government to re-establish control over the rebellious islands by force failed, and presently the African Union is brokering negotiations to effect a reconciliation. This process is largely complete, at least in theory. According to some sources,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6972024", "chunk_text": "Mitsamiouli\nfrom Mitsamiouli and leads to the village of Bangoi Mafsankoa further inland, which has its own mosque. Lac Sale Crater – Lac Sale is an ancient volcano crater, near Mitsamiouli, filled with sea water. Tourism is important in the area, particularly from European honeymooners. Fishing is also practiced in Mitsamiouli. Mitsamiouli Mitsamiouli (population 6,100) is a town on the northwest coast of Grande Comore in the Comoros. On 23 November 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 made a crash-landing in the shallow waters offshore from Le Galawa Beach Hotel in Mitsamiouli. Of the 175 passengers, 125 died, despite rescue attempts by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20951760", "chunk_text": "\"Mohamed Amin\"\na business trip to Ethiopia. Hijackers stormed the cockpit of ET-AIZ, the Ethiopian Airlines Boeing B767-260ER used for the flight, and forced the pilot, Leul Abate, to fly east over the Indian Ocean. Amin attempted to rally the passengers to attack the hijackers and confronted the hijackers, trying to stop the scenario. ET-AIZ ran out of fuel and Abate ditched the aircraft off the coast of the Comoros Islands. ET-AIZ broke into pieces, and as Amin was standing, his body hit the airplane wall causing his death. He was 53. Tetley also did not survive the crash. In June 2006,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13044672", "chunk_text": "\"EgyptAir Flight 804\"\nEgyptAir Flight 804 EgyptAir Flight 804 was a regularly scheduled international passenger flight from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to Cairo International Airport, operated by EgyptAir. On 19 May 2016 at 02:33Egypt Standard Time (), the Airbus A320 crashed into the Mediterranean Sea, killing all 56 passengers, 3 security personnel, and 7 crew members on board. No mayday call was received by air traffic control, although signals that smoke had been detected in one of the aircraft's lavatories and in the avionics bay were automatically transmitted via ACARS shortly before the aircraft disappeared from radar. The last communications from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13736024", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Air Lines Flight 372\"\nEthiopian Air Lines Flight 372 On 15 July 1960, at 09:04, Ethiopian Air Lines Flight 372, a C-47 Skytrain registered as ET-T-18, took off from Bulki, Ethiopia, on a short-haul flight to Aba Segud Airport, Jimma, Ethiopia. There were eight passengers, three crew and a cargo of coffee on board. At 09:40, the pilot requested the activation of the Jimma non-directional beacon (NDB) to assist his navigation. There was no further contact with the flight. The aircraft was found to have crashed at 9,400 feet into the side of a mountain south of Jimma, killing one of the pilots and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9336060", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409\"\nSea. Radar contact was lost about four to five minutes into the flight, while witnesses near the coast reported seeing the aircraft on fire as it crashed into the sea. The flight was scheduled to arrive at Addis Ababa at 07:50 local time (04:50 UTC). On the morning following the crash, Lebanese authorities reported having located the crash site off the coast from the village of Na'ameh. The search for survivors was carried out by the Lebanese Army, using Sikorsky S-61 helicopters, the Lebanese Navy and UNIFIL troops. The U.S. military, in response to a request from the Lebanese government,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6728751", "chunk_text": "\"1996 Air Africa crash\"\n1996 Air Africa crash The 1996 Air Africa crash occurred on 8 January when an overloaded Air Africa Antonov An-32B aircraft, wet leased from Moscow Airways and bound for Kahemba Airport, overshot the runway at N'Dolo Airport in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo after failing to take off and ploughed into Kinshasa's Simbazikita street market. Although four of the aircraft's six crew survived, 225 fatalities and around 253 serious injuries occurred on the ground. This is the largest number of non-passenger ground fatalities caused by the accidental crash of an aircraft. After decades of conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14134485", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\n767 was 11 hours. Instead of flying towards Australia, the captain followed the African coastline southward. The hijackers noticed that land was still visible and forced the pilot to steer east. Leul secretly headed for the Comoro Islands, which lie midway between Madagascar and the African mainland. The plane was nearly out of fuel as it approached the island group, but the hijackers continued to ignore the captain's warnings. Out of options, Abate began to circle the area, hoping to land the plane at the Comoros' main airport. This forced Abate to land at more than . Abate tried to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12214332", "chunk_text": "\"Flash Airlines Flight 604\"\nTV series \"\"Mayday\"\" (also called \"\"Air Crash Investigation\"\" or \"\"Air Emergency\"\") depicted the accident in a 2007 episode titled \"\"Vertigo\"\". Flash Airlines Flight 604 Flash Airlines Flight 604 was a charter flight provided by Egyptian private charter company Flash Airlines. On 3 January 2004, the Boeing 737-300 that was operating the route crashed into the Red Sea shortly after takeoff from Sharm El Sheikh International Airport, killing all 135 passengers, most of whom were French tourists, and all thirteen crew members. The findings of the crash investigation were controversial, with accident investigators from the different countries involved unable to agree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1579358", "chunk_text": "\"Lion Air Flight 610\"\nLion Air Flight 610 Lion Air Flight 610 was a scheduled domestic flight operated by the Indonesian airline Lion Air from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta to Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang that crashed 13 minutes after takeoff on 29 October 2018. Wreckage from the Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft was found in the Java Sea, off the coast of Java. All 189 passengers and crew were killed in the accident. It became the second deadliest airplane accident in Indonesia, only below Garuda Indonesia Flight 152. This was the first major accident involving the 737 MAX and the deadliest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6550303", "chunk_text": "\"Bahia Bakari\"\nBahia Bakari Bahia Bakari (born 15 August 1996) is a French woman who was the sole survivor of Yemenia Flight 626, an Airbus A310, which crashed into the Indian Ocean near the north coast of Grande Comore, Comoros on 30 June 2009, killing the 152 other people on board. Bakari, who could barely swim and had no life vest, clung to a piece of aircraft wreckage, floating in heavy seas for over nine hours, much of it in pitch darkness, before being rescued. Her mother, who had been traveling with her from Paris, France, for a summer vacation in Comoros,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11521934", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nHuddle both survived the crash. Huddle said that he chose to fly on Ethiopian Airlines while planning a safari trip to Kenya because of the airline's reputation; it was one of the few airlines in Africa to have Federal Aviation Administration certification. Huddle wanted a flight during the day, reasoning that flying during the day was \"\"safer.\"\" He credits his and his wife's survival to a last-minute upgrade to business class. Other passengers who died on the aircraft included Lt.Gen.(Ret.) Antal Annus, the Hungarian ambassador to Kenya and a French foreign ministry official. A memorial service was held in Galawa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12712180", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nYonas Mekuria (34). He had flown more than 6,500 hours, 3,042 of them in the Boeing 757/767. Prior to the crash, Leul had experienced two previous hijackings. The first occurred 12 April 1992 on Flight ETH574, a Boeing 727-260. The flight was diverted to Nairobi after two hijackers with hand grenades entered the cockpit. The second occurred on 17 March 1995, flying a Boeing 737-260. Leul diverted to Sweden when the hijackers entered the cockpit and fly there while holding a hostess hostage. In both cases, the flights landed safely with nobody injured or killed. The flight had been delayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12594716", "chunk_text": "\"Gameel Al-Batouti\"\nNew York hotel. Gameel Al-Batouti Gameel Al-Batouti (; also rendered \"\"Gamil El Batouti\"\" or \"\"El Batouty\"\" in U.S. official reports; 2 February 1940 – 31 October 1999) was a pilot for EgyptAir and a former officer for the Egyptian Air Force. On 31 October 1999, all 217 people aboard EgyptAir Flight 990 were killed when it crashed into the Atlantic Ocean about southeast of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the crash was caused by a series of control inputs made by Al-Batouti, who was in the position of relief first officer in command", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2561253", "chunk_text": "\"Sterling Airways Flight 296\"\nSterling Airways Flight 296 On 14 March 1972, Sterling Airways Flight 296 crashed into a mountain ridge on approach to Dubai near Kalba, United Arab Emirates. Flight 296 was a charter flight from Colombo to Copenhagen with stops in Bombay, Dubai, and Ankara. All 112 passengers and crew on board died in the crash which was attributed to pilot error. The flight was operated by a Sud Aviation Caravelle, registration OY-STL. It remains the deadliest air disaster in the history of the United Arab Emirates. Sterling Airways Flight 296 was chartered by the tour company Tjaereborg Rejser to take 106", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16829116", "chunk_text": "\"Bahia Bakari\"\nonly realized her plane had crashed and that she was the sole survivor when she was in the hospital, believing until then that she had simply fallen out into the ocean. \"\"AOL News\"\" reports that Steven Spielberg approached Bakari to make a film based on her book, but she turned him down, worried that \"\"it would be too terrifying.\"\" Bahia Bakari Bahia Bakari (born 15 August 1996) is a French woman who was the sole survivor of Yemenia Flight 626, an Airbus A310, which crashed into the Indian Ocean near the north coast of Grande Comore, Comoros on 30 June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13330646", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409\"\nMinister Elias el-Murr reported that the pilot had failed to follow instructions from the control tower to correct his path and avoid the storm. Ethiopian Airlines sent a 14-member team of investigators to the scene of the crash; the United States also sent experts from the National Transportation Safety Board to help probe into the accident. The NTSB team is assisted by three technical advisors from the Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing. The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder were located on 4 February, reportedly at a sea depth of and approximately from the shore of al-Na'ameh and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11679816", "chunk_text": "\"Flash Airlines Flight 604\"\nFlash Airlines Flight 604 Flash Airlines Flight 604 was a charter flight provided by Egyptian private charter company Flash Airlines. On 3 January 2004, the Boeing 737-300 that was operating the route crashed into the Red Sea shortly after takeoff from Sharm El Sheikh International Airport, killing all 135 passengers, most of whom were French tourists, and all thirteen crew members. The findings of the crash investigation were controversial, with accident investigators from the different countries involved unable to agree on the cause of the accident. The accident airplane was a Boeing 737-3Q8 powered by two CFM56-3 engines. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10715081", "chunk_text": "\"Girma Wake\"\nmade have significantly raised employees’ incomes, by an average of 167 percent. Ethiopian also increased its presence in other African markets, forming a strategic partnership with the West African ASKY Airlines, in which it has a 45% stake. After he stepped down in 2011 mostly due to conflict with authorities on the investigation of the crashed flight ET 409 which crashed into the Mediterranean Sea, shortly after it departed Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport, killing all 90 people on board and was immediately replaced by Tewolde Gebremariam, he became chairman of the United Insurance Company. In 2012, he became chairman of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13436177", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Air Flight 574\"\nAdam Air Flight 574 Adam Air Flight 574 (KI574 or DHI574) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Adam Air between the Indonesian cities of Surabaya and Manado that broke up in mid-air and crashed into the Makassar Strait near Polewali in Sulawesi on 1 January 2007. All 102 people on board died, making it the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737-400. A national investigation was launched into the disaster. The final report, released on 25 March 2008, concluded that the pilots lost control of the aircraft after they became preoccupied with troubleshooting the inertial navigation system and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12594708", "chunk_text": "\"Gameel Al-Batouti\"\nGameel Al-Batouti Gameel Al-Batouti (; also rendered \"\"Gamil El Batouti\"\" or \"\"El Batouty\"\" in U.S. official reports; 2 February 1940 – 31 October 1999) was a pilot for EgyptAir and a former officer for the Egyptian Air Force. On 31 October 1999, all 217 people aboard EgyptAir Flight 990 were killed when it crashed into the Atlantic Ocean about southeast of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the crash was caused by a series of control inputs made by Al-Batouti, who was in the position of relief first officer in command at the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16335740", "chunk_text": "\"Yemenia Flight 626\"\nYemenia Flight 626 Yemenia Flight 626 was an Airbus A310-324 twin-engine jet airliner, operated by Yemenia, flying a scheduled international service from Sana'a, Yemen, to Moroni, Comoros, that crashed on 30 June 2009 at around 1:50 am local time (22:50 on 29 June, UTC) while on approach to Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport, killing all but one of the 153 passengers and crew on board. The sole survivor, 14-year-old Bahia Bakari, was found clinging to wreckage, after floating in the ocean for thirteen hours. Bakari was discharged from the hospital on 23 July 2009. The final report on the incident", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1848940", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nmen as \"\"young (mid-twenties), inexperienced, psychologically fragile, and intoxicated.\"\" Ethiopian state-operated radio later identified the hijackers as two unemployed high-school graduates and a nurse; their names were Alemayehu Bekeli Belayneh, Mathias Solomon Belay, and Sultan Ali Hussein (they did not say who had which description). The men threatened to blow the plane up in flight if the pilots did not obey their demands. The hijackers said that there were eleven of them when in fact there were only three. After assaulting and forcing first officer Yonas Mekuria into the cabin, they made an announcement. Over the intercom, they declared in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20639168", "chunk_text": "\"Monument to Canadian Aid Workers\"\nMonument to Canadian Aid Workers The Monument to Canadian Aid Workers (French: \"\"Monument commémoratif de l'aide humanitaire canadienne\"\") is a monument in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is dedicated to Canadian aid workers who have lost their lives during foreign deployments. As a monument, it is internationally unique in its form and purpose. In 1996 two Canadian aid workers were killed in a short period in different incidents. Tim Stone, the executive director of the organization PATH Canada (\"\"Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health\"\") died in the crash of hijacked Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 on the Comoros Islands. Three weeks later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12382836", "chunk_text": "\"Armavia Flight 967\"\nArmavia Flight 967 Armavia Flight 967 (U8 967/RNV 967) was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Armavia, the largest international airline and the flag carrier of Armenia from Zvartnots International Airport, Zvarnots in Armenia to Sochi, a Black Sea coastal resort city in Russia. On 3 May 2006, the aircraft operating the route, an Airbus A320-200, crashed into the sea while attempting to go-around following its first approach to Sochi airport, killing all 113 aboard. The accident was the first major commercial airline crash in the year of 2006. It was Armavia's first and only fatal crash. The aircraft", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1848948", "chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961\"\nEthiopian Airlines' in-flight magazine. He was believed to be standing near the entrance to the cockpit arguing or negotiating with the hijacker presumed to be guarding the cockpit during the final moments of the flight. Brian Tetley, Amin's colleague, also died. CIA officer Leslianne Shedd, who was posted to Ethiopia, died in the crash. At the CIA's 2012 Annual Memorial Ceremony to Honor Fallen Colleagues, the Agency recalled survivors of the crash telling the CIA that \"\"Leslianne...spent her final moments comforting those around her.\"\" Franklin Huddle, the U.S. Consul General of Bombay at the time, and his wife Chanya \"\"Pom\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_781	what does istj mean in a personality test?	n/a	[ "Extroverted Thinking (Te)", "Extroverted Intuition (Ne)", "Introverted Sensing (Si)", "Introverted Feeling (Fi)" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546523", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nISTJ ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546532", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nunder stress. The shadow processes \"\"operate more on the boundaries of our awareness…We usually experience these processes in a negative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive.\"\" For the ISTJ these shadow functions are (in order): ISTJ ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546524", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nISTJs as Inspectors, one of the four types belonging to the temperament he called the Guardians. ISTJs account for about 10–14% of the population. ISTJs are logical, organized, sensible, and earnest traditionalists who enjoy keeping their lives and environments well-regulated. Typically reserved and serious individuals, they earn success through their thoroughness and extraordinary dependability. They are capable of shutting out distractions in order to take a practical, logical approach to their endeavors, and are able to make the tough decisions that other types avoid. Realistic and responsible, ISTJs are often seen as worker bees striving steadily toward their goals. Despite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546505", "chunk_text": "ESTJ\nESTJ ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546525", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\ntheir dependability and good intentions, however, ISTJs can experience difficulty in understanding and responding to the emotional needs of others. Although they often focus on their internal world, ISTJs prefer dealing with the present and the factual. They are detail-oriented and weigh various options when making decisions, although they generally stick to the conventional. ISTJs are well-prepared for eventualities and have a good understanding of most situations. They believe in practical objectives, and they value traditions and loyalty. \"\"For the Keirsey description, see Inspector (role variant).\"\" ISTJs learn best and apply themselves to subjects that they deem practical and useful.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546511", "chunk_text": "ESTJ\nnegative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive.\"\" For the ESTJ these shadow functions are (in order): ESTJ ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546531", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nhidden meanings, using “what if” questions to explore alternatives, allowing multiple possibilities to coexist. This imaginative play weaves together insights and experiences from various sources to form a new whole, which can then become a catalyst to action. While ISTJs are capable of rapid and dogged information processing and number crunching, they often have difficulty with, or simply dismiss, abstract concepts without immediate concrete applications. Later personality researchers (notably Linda V. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17209740", "chunk_text": "\"Myers–Briggs Type Indicator\"\na broader, more commonly shared conceptual framework.\"\" However, \"\"there was no support for the view that the MBTI measures truly dichotomous preferences or qualitatively distinct types, instead, the instrument measures four relatively independent dimensions.\"\" One study found personality disorders as described by the DSM overall to correlate modestly with I, N, T, and P, although the associations varied significantly by disorder. The only two disorders with significant correlations of all four MBTI dimensions were schizotypal (INTP) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (ISTJ). The validity (statistical validity and test validity) of the MBTI as a psychometric instrument has been the subject of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546566", "chunk_text": "ESFJ\nESFJ ESFJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9887099", "chunk_text": "ISTP\nISTP ISTP (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546527", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nISTJs clearly delineate between work and play. Therefore, their ideal learning environment is task-oriented, has a clear schedule, and has a clear and precise assignment. ISTJs respect facts. They hold a tremendous store of data within themselves, gathered through their Sensing function. They may have difficulty valuing a theory or idea that differs from their own perspective. However, if they are shown the importance or relevance of the idea by someone whom they respect or care about, the idea becomes a fact that the ISTJ will internalize and vigorously support. ISTJs often work for long periods, devoting their energy to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546470", "chunk_text": "INTJ\nINTJ INTJ (Introversion, Intuition, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the 16 psychological types. According to Myers–Briggs the INTJ represents \"\"The Architect\"\". INTJs are one of the rarest of the 16 psychological types and account for 2―4% of the population. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546573", "chunk_text": "ESFJ\npersonality researchers (notably Linda V. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ESFJ these shadow functions are (in order): ESFJ ESFJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546590", "chunk_text": "ISFJ\nISFJ ISFJ (Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546528", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\ntasks that they see as important to fulfilling a goal. However, they resist putting energy into things that don't make sense to them, or for which they can't see a practical application. They prefer to work alone but can work well in teams when the situation demands it. They like to be accountable for their actions, and they enjoy positions of responsibility. They have little use for theory or abstract thinking, unless the practical application is clear. In general, ISTJs are capable, logical, reasonable, and effective individuals with a deeply driven desire to promote security and peaceful living. They can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546529", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nbe highly effective at achieving their goals—whatever those may be. Using the more modern interpretation, the cognitive functions of the ISTJ are as follows: Si collects data in the present moment and compares it with past experiences, a process that sometimes evokes the feelings associated with memory, as if the subject were reliving it. Seeking to protect what is familiar, Si draws upon history to form goals and expectations about what will happen in the future. Using Si, ISTJs thrive on deep analysis of their surroundings. Te organizes and schedules ideas and the environment to ensure the efficient, productive pursuit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328538", "chunk_text": "ENTJ\nENTJ ENTJ (Extraversion, Intuition, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\", which proposed a psychological typology based on his theories of cognitive functions. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to ENTJs as Fieldmarshals, one of the four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546479", "chunk_text": "INTJ\nstress. For INTJ these shadow functions are (in order): INTJ INTJ (Introversion, Intuition, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the 16 psychological types. According to Myers–Briggs the INTJ represents \"\"The Architect\"\". INTJs are one of the rarest of the 16 psychological types and account for 2―4% of the population. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14479587", "chunk_text": "\"Personality test\"\na \"\"personality test\"\" is expected to demonstrate reliability and validity. Reliability refers to the extent to which test scores, if a test were administered to a sample twice within a short period of time, would be similar in both administrations. Test validity refers to evidence that a test measures the construct (e.g., neuroticism) that it is supposed to measure. A respondent's response is used to compute the analysis. Analysis of data is a long process. Two major theories are used here; Classical test theory (CTT)- used for the observed score, and item response theory (IRT)- \"\"a family of models for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6798354", "chunk_text": "ISTP\nillogically and stubbornly cling to their own ideas—sometimes to their own detriment, or even when proven wrong. Later personality researchers (notably Linda V. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ISTP, these shadow functions are (in order): ISTP ISTP (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328550", "chunk_text": "ENFJ\nENFJ ENFJ (Extraversion, Intuition, Feeling, Judgement) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12962337", "chunk_text": "INTP\nINTP INTP (Introversion, Intuition, Thinking, Perceiving) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the MBTI's 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, other psychiatrists developed similar psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS), developed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546512", "chunk_text": "INFJ\nINFJ INFJ (Introversion, Intuition, Feeling, Judging) is an initialism used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI instrument, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546526", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nThey bring painstaking attention to detail in their work and will not rest until a concept is fully learned or a job is well completed. As learners, ISTJs tend to need materials, directions, and teachers to be precise and accurate if they are to trust the information that is presented. They prefer concrete and useful applications and will tolerate theory only if it leads to these ends. They like learning activities that allow them time to reflect and think. Material that seems too easy or too enjoyable leads ISTJs to be skeptical of its merit. Because of their practical outlook,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328554", "chunk_text": "ENFJ\nhierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ENFJ these shadow functions are (in order): ENFJ ENFJ (Extraversion, Intuition, Feeling, Judgement) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16602059", "chunk_text": "\"Type A and Type B personality theory\"\ncan be broken down into two factors assessed using a modified Jenkins activity survey. The two factors are Achievement Striving (AS) and Impatience Irritability (II). AS is a desirable factor which is characterized by being hard working, active, and taking work seriously. II is undesirable and is characterized by impatience, irritability, and anger. There are two main methods to assessing Type A behaviour. The first being the SI and the second being the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) The SI assessment involves an interviewer measuring a persons emotional, nonverbal and verbal responses (your expressive style). The JAS involves a self questionnaire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546555", "chunk_text": "ESFP\nESFP ESFP (Extrovert, Sensing, Feeling, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI instrument, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS), developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546533", "chunk_text": "ENTP\nENTP ENTP (Extroversion, Intuition, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to ENTPs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546584", "chunk_text": "ISFP\nISFP ISFP (Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546522", "chunk_text": "INFJ\n(notably Linda V. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For INFJ these shadow functions are (in order): INFJ INFJ (Introversion, Intuition, Feeling, Judging) is an initialism used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1896023", "chunk_text": "\"Guardian temperament\"\nThey are concerned about practical needs like providing goods and services that help society function smoothly. Guardians value teamwork. They are committed to preserving established social institutions. Cautious toward change, Guardians work within the system to ensure that all contingencies are considered. Guardian temperament The Guardian temperament is one of four temperaments defined by David Keirsey. Correlating with the SJ (sensing–judging) Myers–Briggs types, the Guardian temperament comprises the following role variants (listed with their correlating Myers–Briggs types): Inspector (ISTJ), Protector (ISFJ), Provider (ESFJ), and Supervisor (ESTJ). Guardians are concrete in communicating and cooperative in pursuing their goals. Their greatest strength", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546471", "chunk_text": "INTJ\npersonality assessments include the MBTI instrument, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to INTJs as Masterminds, one of the four types belonging to the temperament he called the Rationals. INTJs are analytical. Like INTPs, they are most comfortable working alone and tend to be less sociable than other types. Nevertheless, INTJs are prepared to lead if no one else seems up to the task, or if they see a major weakness in the current leadership. They tend to be pragmatic, logical, and creative. They have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12962352", "chunk_text": "INTP\nfull capabilities to serve their goals, through their extraverted sensing. INTPs, like their Sensing cousins, love using the right tool for the right job, but they also consult their intuition to solve problems. They are particularly comfortable with \"\"virtual\"\" tools, reflecting their love of technology. INTP INTP (Introversion, Intuition, Thinking, Perceiving) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the MBTI's 16 personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328571", "chunk_text": "ISFJ\nform a new whole, which can then become a catalyst to action. Later personality researchers (notably Linda V. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ISFJ these shadow functions are (in order): According to Baron and Wagele, the most common Enneatypes for ISFJs are Perfectionists (1), Helpers (2), Skeptics (6) and Peacemakers(9).<ref name=\"\"Wagele/Baron, p. 155\"\">Wagele/Baron, p.155</ref> ISFJ ISFJ (Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12570269", "chunk_text": "Alexithymia\nperson. A person's alexithymia score can be measured with questionnaires such as the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ), the Online Alexithymia Questionnaire (OAQ-G2) or the Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS). It is distinct from the psychiatric personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder or borderline personality disorder, with which it shares some characteristics, and is likewise distinct from the abnormal conditions of sociopathy or psychopathy. Alexithymia is defined by: In studies of the general population the degree of alexithymia was found to be influenced by age, but not by gender; the rates of alexithymia in healthy controls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546530", "chunk_text": "ISTJ\nof objectives. Te seeks logical explanations for actions, events, and conclusions, looking for faulty reasoning and lapses in sequence. ISTJs use this function to actively process and evaluate their perceptions. Fi filters information based on interpretations of worth, forming judgments according to criteria that are often intangible. Fi constantly balances an internal set of values such as harmony and authenticity. Attuned to subtle distinctions, Fi innately senses what is true and what is false in a situation. Fi allows ISTJs to turn their analysis to themselves and others, to understand their feelings and the causes thereof. Ne finds and interprets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19410274", "chunk_text": "\"Personality Assessment System\"\nPersonality Assessment System The Personality Assessment System (PAS) is a descriptive model of personality formulated by John W. Gittinger. The system has been used by scientists in studying personality and by clinicians in clinical practice. A major feature of the PAS is that a personality profile can be systematically interpreted from a set of Wechsler Scales subtest scores. The PAS has two aspects which distinguish it from other personality models. They are the use of the Wechsler subtests, an objective test, to determine a personality and the use of a developmental model in which the description of personality includes development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546494", "chunk_text": "ESTP\nESTP ESTP (Extroversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations. From Jung's work, others developed psychological typologies. Jungian personality assessments include the MBTI assessment, developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, developed by David Keirsey. Keirsey referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15701322", "chunk_text": "\"Szondi test\"\nare writing, reading. Jobs of the schizoform, katatonoid, drive striving k+: pedagogue, soldier, engineer, professor (mainly linguist, or professor of logic, mathematics, physics, philosophy, social sciences). Personality traits found in this group are aristocratic exclusivity, eccletic friendship choices, systematizate, schematize, rigid formalism. Jobs of the schizoform, katatonic, drive striving k-: aesthetician, art critic; accountant, lower officer, cartographer, technical drafter, graphic designer; postal worker, telegraph operator; printer; farmer, forester; lighthouse keeper, security guard; model. Personality traits found in this group are pedantry, accuracy, exemplarity; lack of humor, taciturnity, brusqueness; phlegm, callousness, calm; hypersensitivity; obstinacy, stubbornness; Inability to debate, self-consciousness; narrow-mindedness, bigotry;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3892438", "chunk_text": "\"Personality test\"\nPersonality test A personality test is a method of assessing human personality constructs. Most personality assessment instruments (despite being loosely referred to as \"\"personality tests\"\") are in fact introspective (i.e., subjective) self-report questionnaire (Q-data) measures or reports from life records (L-data) such as rating scales. Attempts to construct actual performance tests of personality have been very limited even though Raymond Cattell with his colleague Frank Warburton compiled a list of over 2000 separate objective tests that could be used in constructing objective personality tests. One exception however, was the Objective-Analytic Test Battery, a performance test designed to quantitatively measure 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3892447", "chunk_text": "\"Personality test\"\nby selecting a domain or construct to measure. The construct is thoroughly defined by experts and items are created which fully represent all the attributes of the construct definition. Test items are then selected or eliminated based upon which will result in the strongest internal validity for the scale. Measures created through deductive methodology are equally valid and take significantly less time to construct compared to inductive and empirical measures. The clearly defined and face valid questions that result from this process make them easy for the person taking the assessment to understand. Although subtle items can be created through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546565", "chunk_text": "ESFP\nor her true type preference. Moreover, type does not explain everything. Human personality is much more complex. According to Baron and Wagele, the most common Enneatypes for ESFPs are Helpers (2) and Enthusiasts (7). ESFP ESFP (Extrovert, Sensing, Feeling, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of the sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical observations.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546504", "chunk_text": "ESTP\nadditional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ESTP, these shadow functions are (in order): ESTP ESTP (Extroversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546509", "chunk_text": "ESTJ\nthe status quo and procedures. Ne finds and interprets hidden meanings, using “what if” questions to explore alternatives, allowing multiple possibilities to coexist. This imaginative play weaves together insights and experiences from various sources to form a new whole, which can then become a catalyst to action. Ne's use of abstract perception in the outer world gives ESTJs the ability to conceptualize. However, Ne is subservient to the inward, concrete focus of Si. Fi filters information based on interpretations of worth, forming judgments according to criteria that are often intangible. Fi constantly balances an internal set of values such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328549", "chunk_text": "ENTJ\nV. Berens) added four additional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can be developed, or emerge when the person is under stress. The shadow processes \"\"operate more on the boundaries of our awareness…We usually experience these processes in a negative way, yet when we are open to them, they can be quite positive.\"\" For the ENTJ these shadow functions are (in order): ENTJ ENTJ (Extraversion, Intuition, Thinking, Judgment) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20562455", "chunk_text": "\"Vertical thinking\"\nthe characteristics that are associated with both the vertical thinking style. Some include: This personality assessment, also known as MBTI, evaluates personality types and functions. For example, the characteristics that relate to the vertical thinking/lateral thinking style that this test assesses, involves sensing versus intuition. This instrument, otherwise known as the SO-LAT, evaluates analytic versus holistic thinking styles. The analytic thinking mode can be compared to vertical thinking, whereas holistic thinking can be compared to lateral thinking. Since there are no tests that measure nonlinear/linear thinking specifically, Vance, Groves, Paik, and Kindler created their own measure, the LNTSP, in 2007.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14546589", "chunk_text": "ISFP\nadditional functions to the descending hierarchy, the so-called \"\"shadow\"\" functions to which the individual is not naturally inclined but which can emerge when the person is under stress. For ISFP, these shadow functions are (in order): ISFP ISFP (Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, Perception) is an abbreviation used in the publications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to refer to one of sixteen personality types. The MBTI assessment was developed from the work of prominent psychiatrist Carl G. Jung in his book \"\"Psychological Types\"\". Jung proposed a psychological typology based on the theories of cognitive functions that he developed through his clinical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9656872", "chunk_text": "\"Individual psychological assessment\"\nIndividual psychological assessment Individual psychological assessment (IPA) is a tool used by organizations to make decisions on employment. IPA allows employers to evaluate and maintain potential candidates for hiring, promotion, and development by using a series of job analysis instruments such as position analysis questionnaires (PAQ), occupational analysis inventory (OAI), and functional job analysis (FJA). These instruments allow the assessor to develop valid measures of intelligence, personality tests, and a range of other factors as means to determine selection and promotion decisions. Personality and cognitive ability are good predictors of performance. Emotional Intelligence helps individuals navigate through challenging organizational and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1516746", "chunk_text": "\"Myers–Briggs Type Indicator\"\nachieve some goal or to perform some culturally uplifting function. Because of their ease in directing others and their facility in managing their own time, they engage all the resources at their disposal to achieve their goals. However, under prolonged stress or sudden trauma, ESTJs may overuse their extraverted thinking function and fall into the grip of their inferior function, introverted feeling. Although the ESTJ can seem insensitive to the feelings of others in their normal activities, under tremendous stress, they can suddenly express feelings of being unappreciated or wounded by insensitivity. Looking at the diametrically opposite four-letter type, \"\"INFP\"\":", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4514057", "chunk_text": "\"Keirsey Temperament Sorter\"\ngroupings are very different from one another because they are of different temperaments. ESTJs are Guardians whereas ENTJs are Rationals; ISFPs are Artisans whereas INFPs are Idealists; INTPs are Rationals whereas ISTPs are Artisans; and ENFJs are Idealists whereas ESFJs are Guardians. Keirsey Temperament Sorter The Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) is a self-assessed personality questionnaire designed to help people better understand themselves and others. It was first introduced in the book \"\"Please Understand Me\"\". It is one of the most widely used personality assessments in the world, and its user base consists of major employers including Bank of America, Allstate,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_782	who does the voice of ash in sing?	n/a	[ "Scarlett Johansson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21012561", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nSing (2016 American film) Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala who is trying to save his theater. The film includes more than 60 songs from famous artists and also has an original song by Stevie Wonder and Ariana Grande called \"\"Faith,\"\" which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16750458", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nfilm's silliness. Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled \"\"Sing 2\"\", slated for December 25, 2020. Sing (2016 American film) Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala who is trying to save his theater. The film includes more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18913376", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nReese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film. The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget. The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination Mac Guff. A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016. The almost complete film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival. Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016. \"\"Sing\"\" was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16750451", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nin each other's films. In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about \"\"courage, competition and carrying a tune,\"\" which was originally titled \"\"Lunch\"\", and then retitled as \"\"Sing\"\". On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role. Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film. On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend. In November 2015, it was announced that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1564949", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Ed Sheeran song)\"\nalbum. Sheeran also performed \"\"Sing\"\" on \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\" on 16 May 2014, on the \"\"Britain's Got Talent\"\" semi-final on 27 May 2014, on \"\"The Graham Norton Show\"\" on 6 June 2014, and on \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\" on 28 August 2014. The track was featured in the trailer for the animated film of the same name, \"\"Sing\"\". The song is a playable track in Guitar Hero Live. !scope=\"\"col\"\" colspan=\"\"3\"\"\| Streaming Sing (Ed Sheeran song) \"\"Sing\"\" is a song by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran. It was written by Sheeran and Pharrell Williams, who also produced it and provided uncredited background", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18965357", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Ed Sheeran song)\"\nSing (Ed Sheeran song) \"\"Sing\"\" is a song by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran. It was written by Sheeran and Pharrell Williams, who also produced it and provided uncredited background vocals. The song was released on 7 April 2014, serving as the lead single from Sheeran's second studio album, \"\"×\"\" (2014). The song became Sheeran's first UK number-one single and also topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. It also peaked at No. 13 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. \"\"Sing\"\" was written by Sheeran and Pharrell Williams, and produced by the latter. Williams also provides uncredited background vocals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15819036", "chunk_text": "\"Sing Street\"\nboy starting a band in order to impress a girl. Carney would produce through his Distressed Films banner, along with Anthony Bregman through his Likely Story Banner, Kevin Frakes for PalmStar Media, and Raj Brinder Singh for Merced Media Partners, with Paul Trijbits and Christian Grass for FilmWave. The film is a semi-autobiographical depiction of Carney's upbringing in Dublin. In a July 2014 interview, Carney announced he would be casting unknown actors in the film. The unknown actors turned out to be Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Ben Carolan, Mark McKenna, Percy Chamburuka, Conor Hamilton, Karl Rice, and Ian Kenny. In September 2014,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "947626", "chunk_text": "\"Sing Street\"\nSing Street Sing Street is a 2016 musical coming-of-age comedy-drama film co-written, co-produced and directed by John Carney. Starring Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Lucy Boynton, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Aiden Gillen, Jack Reynor, and Kelly Thornton, the story revolves around a boy starting a band to impress a girl in 1980s Ireland. It is an international co-production from Ireland, the United States, and United Kingdom. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2016. It was released in Ireland on 17 March 2016, in the United States on 15 April and in the United Kingdom on 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831271", "chunk_text": "\"Sing It!\"\nSing It! Sing It! is an American situation comedy web series created by Benny Fine and Rafi Fine. It is executive produced by Benny Fine, Rafi Fine, Max Benator, Todd Lieberman, David Hoberman, Laurie Zaks, Barry Safchik, and Michael Platt, and produced by Mandeville Films, Potvin Sucks Productions, and Fine Brothers Entertainment. The pilot had a premiere on April 21, 2016, during the Tribeca Film Festival. The show debuted on May 25, 2016 on YouTube Red, a paid service of streaming original series and movies, similar to Netflix. It stars Mircea Monroe, Mark Sullivan, Debby Ryan, Preston Jones, Alex Désert,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19569336", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nBuster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's \"\"Shake It Off\"\", which finally gets her husband Norman's attention to her, more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's \"\"I'm Still Standing\"\" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song \"\"Set It All Free.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828087", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (1989 film)\"\nSing (1989 film) Sing is a 1989 American drama film directed by Richard J. Baskin, written by Dean Pitchford (who also co-wrote the songs) and produced by Craig Zadan (both previously collaborated on \"\"Footloose\"\"), and starring Lorraine Bracco, Peter Dobson, and Jessica Steen. The film follows a fictional New York City SING! production. The supporting cast includes Louise Lasser, George DiCenzo, Patti LaBelle, Yank Azman, Ingrid Veninger, and Cuba Gooding Jr. \"\"Sing\"\" was released in the United States on March 31, 1989. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing only $2.3 million from an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9925493", "chunk_text": "\"Sing It!\"\nRed, a new paid service of streaming original series and movies, similar to Netflix. They started to work on a new comedy series, satirizing the talent shows. The show was inspired by television music competitions The X Factor, The Voice and American Idol. In November, Debby Ryan, Preston Jones, Alex Désert was Todrick Hall confirmed in the cast. In a partnership with the production company Mandeville Films, the series began to be recorded in December. The character Holli Holiday, played by Debby Ryan, was inspired by Paula Abdul and Randy, played by Alex Désert, inspired by Simon Cowell. A teaser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "714410", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nMike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra's \"\"My Way.\"\" Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's \"\"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing\"\", which literally brings down the house. The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened. The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide \"\"additional voices\"\", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20665151", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nopera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute, but agrees to see a private screening of the show. Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray. After discovering Lance broke up with her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10022909", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Gary Barlow song)\"\nSing (Gary Barlow song) \"\"Sing\"\" is a song written by Take That singer-songwriter Gary Barlow and composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, and performed by a number of artists assembled by Barlow from across The Commonwealth, to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. The track was released via digital download and CD single on 28 May 2012, and was performed as part of the Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Concert celebrations on 4 June 2012. It was announced in January that six-time Ivor Novello recipient Gary Barlow and world-renowned composer Andrew Lloyd Webber would be working together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16750446", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nfor not being around anymore, with a new girlfriend named Becky and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and breaks down while singing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's \"\"Call Me Maybe.\"\" Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5545964", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Donnelly\"\n\"\"Celebrity Ghost Stories\"\". Donnelly also appeared in the feature film \"\"The Broken Ones\"\" that premiered at the 2017 SOHO International Film Festival. Donnelly has played the starring role Taylor Otto in the ABC sitcom \"\"American Housewife\"\" since 2016. She stars as Addison in the Disney Channel Original Movie musical \"\"Zombies\"\" that premiered on February 16, 2018. On August 7, 2018, Donnelly released her first single, \"\"Smile\"\". Meg Donnelly Meg Donnelly (born ) is an American actress and singer. She is known for playing Ash in Netflix's 2013 live-action/animated series \"\"Team Toon\"\", and for starring as Taylor Otto in the ABC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17014319", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Annie Lennox song)\"\nSing (Annie Lennox song) \"\"Sing\"\" is a song recorded by Scottish singer Annie Lennox for her fourth solo studio album, \"\"Songs of Mass Destruction\"\" (2007). It was released as the second single from the album on 1 December 2007 by RCA Records. Lennox was inspired to write the track after seeing South African activist Zackie Achmat at Nelson Mandela's 46664 HIV/AIDS concert. She wanted the track to be a source of empowerment for people without a voice of their own. It also gave rise to her SING Campaign which aimed to raise funds and awareness for issues surrounding HIV/AIDS. \"\"Sing\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10716402", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Theo Tams song)\"\nIt All Away\"\". Sing (Theo Tams song) \"\"Sing\"\" is the debut single by Theo Tams, the winner of season 6 of \"\"Canadian Idol\"\". The song was written by Rob Wells (who has also written songs for Melissa O'Neil, Nick Lachey, Backstreet Boys, and Eva Avila) and Xandy Barry. The single was produced by Gavin Brown. It was released for digital downloads on September 11, 2008, and then the next week it made a \"\"Hot Shot Debut\"\" at number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart due to digital downloads. The track is included as a bonus track on Tams' 2009", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9925494", "chunk_text": "\"Sing It!\"\nwas released on April 13, 2016. Sing It! has received generally negative reviews. Many have criticised the bad character design, poor writing and characters, slow pacing and often forgettable episodes. However, some have praised the decent production and set design. Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave Sing It! 3 out of 5 stars. Sing It! Sing It! is an American situation comedy web series created by Benny Fine and Rafi Fine. It is executive produced by Benny Fine, Rafi Fine, Max Benator, Todd Lieberman, David Hoberman, Laurie Zaks, Barry Safchik, and Michael Platt, and produced by Mandeville Films, Potvin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1293234", "chunk_text": "\"Sing-Sing (band)\"\nSing-Sing (band) Sing-Sing were an English indie pop/dream pop band formed in 1997 in London, comprising vocalist Lisa O'Neill (who had previously worked with Locust, Mad Professor, and Kid Loco) and guitarist/vocalist Emma Anderson (formerly of Lush). They worked with a variety of musicians to create a sound which nodded to 1960s girl groups, electronica and folk. They disbanded in 2007. Lisa O'Neill and Emma Anderson met via a mutual friend in mid-1997, and in early 1998 record their first demo as Sing-Sing, with Justin Welch of Elastica on drums. A second demo prompted Simon Raymonde and Robin Guthrie to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15819043", "chunk_text": "\"Sing Street\"\nroom rehearsal (with tea and biscuits) to full studio production perfectly negotiates the space between kitchen-sink realism and musical fantasy in which this lovely, lyrical movie casts its spell\"\". Kermode concluded by saying, \"\"Happy sad indeed. I laughed, I cried, I bought the soundtrack album.\"\" The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 8 August 2016. Sing Street Sing Street is a 2016 musical coming-of-age comedy-drama film co-written, co-produced and directed by John Carney. Starring Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Lucy Boynton, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Aiden Gillen, Jack Reynor, and Kelly Thornton, the story revolves around a boy starting a band to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19569340", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nand DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: \"\"Gunter Babysits\"\", \"\"Love at First Sight\"\", and \"\"Eddie's Life Coach\"\". \"\"Sing\"\" grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million. Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016. In North America, the film opened alongside \"\"Passengers\"\" and \"\"Assassin's Creed\"\", and was expected to gross around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9925492", "chunk_text": "\"Sing It!\"\nbut creative and excited, stealing the attention of executives, becoming the potential future executive producer, which makes Needles try to overcome every day. The program includes the sexy and charismatic presenter Troy Blue (Preston Jones) and the judges Holli Holiday (Debby Ryan), a famous and egocentric singer, who uses the program to self-promote, and Barry (Alex Désert), an artist manager and television producer, who is rarely impressed by a contestant. During the program, ten contestants was selected at the auditions to compete, where each week one of them was eliminated. In October, 2015, Fine Brothers announced a partnership with YouTube", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18913368", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\noffice into the city streets. Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include: housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18913366", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nwas nominated for a Golden Globe. It screened on the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2016, premiered at Microsoft Theater on December 3, 2016 and was released in the United States on December 21, 2016, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $634 million worldwide. Along with \"\"The Secret Life of Pets\"\", it marked the first time that Illumination Entertainment released two feature films in the same year. It was also the last film produced by Illumination Entertainment, under its original studio name, before it was renamed simply just Illumination in 2017, starting with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4639692", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (My Chemical Romance song)\"\n(Steve, Righ?) and his crew including Show Pony (Ricky Rebel) and DJ Hot Chimp (Kristan Morrison). They all escape in Dr. Death Defying's van, leaving behind their dead comrades whose bodies are bagged by BL/ind. In a making-of video for \"\"Na Na Na\"\" and, to a lesser extent, \"\"Sing\"\", Gerard Way expressed that he is eager to film a third part of the Killjoy story. This song was performed on the TV series \"\"Glee\"\" in the second-season episode \"\"Comeback\"\", which was released as a single on iTunes in February 2011. It was then performed on \"\"The Glee Project\"\". It charted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831272", "chunk_text": "\"Sing It!\"\nTodrick Hall, Missi Pyle and Ace Young. It received a 4.8 by 107 user reviews on IMDb. On December 3, 2017, creator Benny Fine confirmed on his Twitter account that the series would not return for a second season. Stacey Needles (Mircea Monroe) is the underrated production assistant from \"\"Sing It!\"\", a television music competition series. When the original executive producer was fired, she sees an opportunity to fill the position and be valued for their work. But her plan to take charge is thwarted with the arrival of newcomer indie production assistant, Drew (Mark Jude Sullivan). He is inexperienced,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17119875", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Joe Raposo song)\"\nin an art museum as part of a medley. The other one featured a clay/sand animation segment of animals. In 2000, various celebrities sang the song, including, Nathan Lane, Denyce Graves, Gloria Estefan, Patti LaBelle, Ben Stiller, Maya Angelou, Fran Drescher, Garth Brooks, Doug E. Doug, Vanessa Williams, R.E.M., Rosemary Clooney, and Conan O'Brien. A year before the celebrity edition of the song was released, Graves sang the song all by herself with the help of some penguins. The original and subsequent \"\"Sesame Street\"\" recordings were released on \"\"Sesame Street Concert/On Stage – Live!\"\" (1973), \"\"Sing the Hit Songs of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12075350", "chunk_text": "\"Ferdia Walsh-Peelo\"\nin season five of \"\"Vikings\"\". He is also the Ambassador for UNICEF Ireland's program 'Emergency Lessons', aimed at providing education to children caught up in emergencies. Ferdia Walsh-Peelo Ferdia Walsh-Peelo (born October 12, 1999) is an Irish actor and musician. He is best known for playing Conor 'Cosmo' Lawlor in his debut film \"\"Sing Street\"\" in 2016. Walsh-Peelo attended Coláiste Ráithín, a Gaelscoil in Bray, and Wicklow Educate Together National School County Wicklow. Born in Ashford, County Wicklow, he began his musical career as a boy soprano at the age of seven coached by his mother, soprano Toni Walsh. Winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18930538", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 Hungarian film)\"\nSing (2016 Hungarian film) Sing (, means \"\"Everybody\"\") is a 2016 Hungarian short film directed and written by Kristóf Deák. Set in 1991, it follows the story of a girl who moves to a new elementary school and becomes a member of the award-winning school choir. In 2017, the film won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 89th Academy Awards. The story takes place in Budapest in 1991. Zsófi (Dorka Gáspárfalvi) moves to a new elementary school and becomes friends with Liza (Dorottya Hais). Zsófi joins the award-winning school choir but she is told not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10716401", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Theo Tams song)\"\nSing (Theo Tams song) \"\"Sing\"\" is the debut single by Theo Tams, the winner of season 6 of \"\"Canadian Idol\"\". The song was written by Rob Wells (who has also written songs for Melissa O'Neil, Nick Lachey, Backstreet Boys, and Eva Avila) and Xandy Barry. The single was produced by Gavin Brown. It was released for digital downloads on September 11, 2008, and then the next week it made a \"\"Hot Shot Debut\"\" at number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart due to digital downloads. The track is included as a bonus track on Tams' 2009 album debut, \"\"Give", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4639691", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (My Chemical Romance song)\"\nKid (Mikey Way) manages to wound Korse in the knee before getting shot himself by Korse's minions and is killed. At the lobby door, Fun Ghoul (Frank Iero), Jet-Star (Ray Toro) and Missile Kid decide to retreat; however after running outside, Fun Ghoul closes the building door, leaving himself inside to give his allies a better chance of escaping before getting shot twice. Outside BL/ind headquarters, Jet-Star is shot, dying on the hood of the Trans Am. Before the draculoids and BL/ind guards can get to The Girl (Grace Jeanette), she is rescued by pirate radio DJ Dr. Death Defying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15819037", "chunk_text": "\"Sing Street\"\nit was announced that Aidan Gillen, Maria Doyle Kennedy, and Jack Reynor had joined the cast of the film, portraying the role of a father, wife and son respectively. Principal photography on the film began in September 2014 in Dublin, Ireland, and concluded on 25 October 2014. Its namesake school, Synge Street CBS, was among the shooting locations for the film. Much of the original music by the band \"\"Sing Street\"\" was composed by Danny Wilson frontman Gary Clark, with Carney, Ken and Carl Papenfus of the band Relish, Graham Henderson and Zamo Riffman also receiving writing credits. Adam Levine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2172709", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Annie Lennox song)\"\na return to Lennox singing torch songs. He described it as a female point of view version of Band Aid's \"\"Feed the World\"\" but felt that the message got lost in the actual \"\"gospel-tinged\"\" composition. A music video for the song was released on the MSN website on 29 November 2007. Lennox toured throughout the United States promoting the SING campaign, and also performed the song. Credits adapted from CD single liner notes. Sing (Annie Lennox song) \"\"Sing\"\" is a song recorded by Scottish singer Annie Lennox for her fourth solo studio album, \"\"Songs of Mass Destruction\"\" (2007). It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828093", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (1989 film)\"\nthe senior's main performer is injured and knocked unconscious, Dominic steps in to save the show. He sheds his bad-boy demeanor and exceeds all expectations. The underclassmen and seniors perform to a record-high sold-out audience. At the end of the show, Hannah makes a moving speech motivating the community to rejoice and always remember that despite compromising circumstances, they completed a successful SING! and proved their community's worth. Sing (1989 film) Sing is a 1989 American drama film directed by Richard J. Baskin, written by Dean Pitchford (who also co-wrote the songs) and produced by Craig Zadan (both previously collaborated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4639468", "chunk_text": "\"Sing! (song)\"\ntension and adding in quirky humor\"\". The song was covered in the musical comedy television series \"\"Glee\"\". In the season 2 episode \"\"Duets\"\", Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.) and Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) perform the duet with Mike largely speaking and Tina singing. Sing! (song) Sing! is a song from the musical A Chorus Line. It is performed by Kristine and Al. The song \"\"comically makes it cringe-ably clear that Kristine is tone deaf while her husband (Al) helps her through it\"\". It features \"\"newly married dancers auditioning for the same show. Kristine is the ditzy tone-deaf hopeful who is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19775114", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\ntheir following film \"\"Despicable Me 3\"\". A sequel, titled \"\"Sing 2\"\", is scheduled to be released on December 25, 2020. In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends two extra zeroes, and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19446971", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Wynonna Judd song)\"\nSing (Wynonna Judd song) \"\"Sing\"\" is a song written by Rodney Crowell and recorded by American country artist, Wynonna Judd. The song was the second single released from her 2009 studio album, \"\".\"\" After failing to chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs chart, the song was given several electronic dance remixes, and sent to dance radio where it peaked at number 4 on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart in August 2009. Written by Rodney Crowell, \"\"Sing\"\" is the closing track and title track to Wynonna Judd's album, \"\"Sing: Chapter 1.\"\" Allmusic critic, Thom Jurek reviewed \"\"Sing\"\", giving it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19501941", "chunk_text": "\"The Choir (TV series)\"\nof Sing While You Work, staff choirs from five organisations are created. Gareth forms an All-Star choir, bringing together a group of celebrities from television, sport and theatre with the aim to record and release the official 2014 Children in Need single Wake Me Up (Originally by Avicii). The choir consists of 12 celebrities; Mel Giedroyc, Alison Steadman, Alice Levine, Jo Brand, Linda Robson, Maggie Alphonsi, Craig Revel Horwood, John Craven, Larry Lamb, Fabrice Muamba, Nitin Ganatra and Radzi Chinyanganya. \"\"The Choir\"\" was awarded a BAFTA at the British Academy Television Awards 2007 for Best Feature. \"\"The Choir: Boys Don't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19379938", "chunk_text": "\"Sing, Baby, Sing\"\nto Farraday's \"\"Romeo.\"\" While Al Craven (Ted Healy), the brother of Nicky's secretary Fitz (Patsy Kelly), searches for alcohol to keep Farraday from sobering up, Nicky calls the newspapers, saying that Farraday is on his deathbed. When the doctor arrives and forbids visitors, Al pretends to be Farraday's personal physician and relieves him of the case. Nicky sneaks Joan in to see Farraday, while cynical reporter Ted Blake (Michael Whalen) and Joe (Cully Richards), a photographer, climb onto the fire escape and photograph them. Later, Al accompanies Farraday home, and the puzzled Farraday wonders why he can't remember hiring a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4639466", "chunk_text": "\"Sing! (song)\"\nSing! (song) Sing! is a song from the musical A Chorus Line. It is performed by Kristine and Al. The song \"\"comically makes it cringe-ably clear that Kristine is tone deaf while her husband (Al) helps her through it\"\". It features \"\"newly married dancers auditioning for the same show. Kristine is the ditzy tone-deaf hopeful who is cleverly interjected by her husband Al in her \"\"solo.\"\"\"\" Norwood Stage described it as a \"\"comic song\"\". Wicked Local North of Boston said it was a \"\"cute comical song and dance\"\". Independent Newspapers said it \"\"provide[s] comic relief\"\". AussieTheatre called it a \"\"comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "704251", "chunk_text": "\"Marcus Ashley\"\nthird commercial. \"\"Stole My Heart\"\" is the title track from their 2010 EP. \"\"Come On Let's Go\"\" is offered as a single on Amazon. As an actor, Ashley is known for appearing in Lisa Cholodenko's film \"\"Laurel Canyon\"\" and for recurring appearances on the TV show \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, and guest appearances on \"\"Bones\"\", \"\"Scrubs\"\", and \"\"\"\". He has also appeared in 50 U.S. national and European commercials, including those by Volkswagen, Heineken, Levi's, Budweiser, and Toyota. Marcus Ashley Marcus Ashley is an American actor, singer, songwriter and producer who writes, sings and performs the songs featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20152246", "chunk_text": "\"Kristóf Deák\"\nKristóf Deák Kristóf Deák (; born June 7, 1982) is a Hungarian film director, screenwriter, film producer and editor who is best known for his work on \"\"Sing\"\", which earned him critical appraisal and recognition including the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 89th Academy Awards in 2017. Starting his studies in electrical engineering at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, he later switched to the University of Theater and Film's film production course. During this time, he learned editing from his classmates, and subsequently worked as a freelance editor. In 2010 he completed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12075348", "chunk_text": "\"Ferdia Walsh-Peelo\"\nFerdia Walsh-Peelo Ferdia Walsh-Peelo (born October 12, 1999) is an Irish actor and musician. He is best known for playing Conor 'Cosmo' Lawlor in his debut film \"\"Sing Street\"\" in 2016. Walsh-Peelo attended Coláiste Ráithín, a Gaelscoil in Bray, and Wicklow Educate Together National School County Wicklow. Born in Ashford, County Wicklow, he began his musical career as a boy soprano at the age of seven coached by his mother, soprano Toni Walsh. Winning many prizes throughout his early years, he was eventually cast in Mozart's \"\"Magic Flute\"\" aged twelve, which toured Ireland. Walsh-Peelo followed this up with the part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19775127", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 American film)\"\nGreek Wedding\"\" ($241.4 million in 2002). On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 72% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Sing\"\" delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title.\"\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews.\"\" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"A\"\" on an A+ to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18930541", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (2016 Hungarian film)\"\nis based on a story that director Kristóf Deák heard from a Swedish friend. The first screenplay was written in 2012 with two English comedians Bex Harvey and Christian Azzola, and was originally set in an English-language environment instead of Hungary. In 2014 Deák rewrote the screenplay and received a funding of 8,000,000 forints from the National Media and Communications Authority (the highest amount that can be awarded for short and experimental films). An additional 2,000,000 forints came from the state, the filmmakers and the film studio. It was the first starring role for both Dorka Gáspárfalvi and Dorottya Hais,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5634363", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (Travis song)\"\nJim Halpert and Pam Beesly. Sing (Travis song) \"\"Sing\"\" is the lead single from indie rock band Travis' third studio album, \"\"The Invisible Band\"\". It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 May 2001, following an extensive five-week promotional campaign. The song reached the band's highest peak position of number three on the UK Singles Chart. \"\"Sing\"\" was a worldwide success, reaching the top ten in several countries in Europe and Latin America. Its highest peak in mainland Europe was at number two in France, kept off the top spot by Geri Halliwell's rendition of \"\"It's Raining Men\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5545962", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Donnelly\"\nMeg Donnelly Meg Donnelly (born ) is an American actress and singer. She is known for playing Ash in Netflix's 2013 live-action/animated series \"\"Team Toon\"\", and for starring as Taylor Otto in the ABC comedy series \"\"American Housewife\"\" since 2016. In February 2018, Donnelly starred as Addison in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"\"Zombies\"\". Donnelly was born in New York City and grew up in Peapack, New Jersey. She is an only child. She began training in voice, dance and acting at the Annie’s Playhouse School of Performing Arts in Far Hills, New Jersey at the age of six. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4639689", "chunk_text": "\"Sing (My Chemical Romance song)\"\nat a toll booth/checkpoint. The band arrives in the album's dystopia known as Battery City, stopping in front of BL/ind headquarters. Upon discovery of the Killjoys' arrival, BL/ind places their guards on stand-by all around the headquarters. The Killjoys quickly shoot their way into the building, arriving in the main security center and rescue The Girl (Grace Jeanette), who was previously kidnapped in \"\"Na Na Na (Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na)\"\". During this time, Korse (Grant Morrison) is activated by BL/ind headquarters' head of security and accompanied by reinforcement draculoids and guards to stop the Killjoys.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_783	who scored the most points in their nba career?	n/a	[ "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318356", "chunk_text": "\"Minute (basketball)\"\nMinute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA in one season with 3,882,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318357", "chunk_text": "\"Minute (basketball)\"\nset in the 1961-62 season. Minute (basketball) A minute is a unit of time in a basketball game. There are forty-eight minutes in each NBA basketball game. For players, the total number of minutes played in a season—and the average number of minutes played per game—are both tracked as statistics. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the all-time leader in minutes played with 57,446. Karl Malone (54,852), Jason Kidd (50,111), Kevin Garnett (50,052), and Elvin Hayes (50,000) are the only other players with 50,000 or more minutes played in a career. Wilt Chamberlain holds the record for most minutes played in the NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9283267", "chunk_text": "\"Field goal (basketball)\"\nthe National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and high school basketball. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar holds the NBA record for field goals made in a career with 15,837. Wilt Chamberlain, one of the most prolific scorers of all time, holds the top four spots for most field goals made in a season and has the two top field goal percentages for a season. One of the greatest field-goal shooters of all time is Michael Jordan, who led the NBA in field goals made ten times. Shaquille O'Neal has the record for most seasons (10) with the best field goal percentage, and Artis Gilmore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16789658", "chunk_text": "\"George Yardley\"\nsclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, at the age of 75. George Yardley George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 13, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname \"\"Yardbird\"\" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16611833", "chunk_text": "\"Player efficiency rating\"\nthis season. Hollinger has set up PER so that the league average, every season, is 15.00, which produces sort of a handy reference guide: Only 21 times has a player posted a season efficiency rating over 30.0 (with more than 15 games played in that season), with the highest score being 31.82 (Wilt Chamberlain). Michael Jordan and LeBron James lead with four 30+ seasons, with Shaquille O'Neal and Wilt Chamberlain having accomplished three each, and David Robinson, Dwyane Wade, Chris Paul, Tracy McGrady, Anthony Davis, Stephen Curry and Russell Westbrook having accomplished one each. The 2008–2009 season was unique in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18638604", "chunk_text": "\"John Havlicek\"\nthe time of his retirement, Havlicek was the NBA career leader in games played (surpassed in 1984 by Elvin Hayes and now held by Robert Parish) and third in points behind Chamberlain and Oscar Robertson. Havlicek also retired as the career leader in field goal attempts (later surpassed by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) and missed field goals (later surpassed by Kobe Bryant). Havlicek is now 26th, 15th, 6th and 2nd, respectively, in those stats. In 1984 Havlicek became a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. In 1997, he was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10804274", "chunk_text": "\"Karl Malone\"\nKarl Malone Karl Anthony Malone (born July 24, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player. Nicknamed \"\"The Mailman\"\", Malone played the power forward position and spent his first 18 seasons (1985–2003) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Utah Jazz and formed a formidable duo with his teammate John Stockton. Malone also played one season for the Los Angeles Lakers. Malone was a two-time NBA Most Valuable Player, a 14-time NBA All-Star, and an 11-time member of the All-NBA first team. His 36,928 career points scored rank second all-time in NBA history (behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar), and he holds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20990603", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nthe 3,000-point barrier is Michael Jordan, with 3,041 points in the 1986–87 NBA season. Chamberlain once again broke the 2,000-rebound barrier with 2,052. Additionally, he was on the hardwood for an average of 48.53 minutes, playing 3,882 of his team's 3,890 minutes. Because Chamberlain played in overtime games, he averaged more minutes per game than the regulation 48; in fact, Chamberlain would have reached the 3,890-minute mark if he had not been ejected in one game after picking up a second technical foul with eight minutes left to play. His extraordinary feats in the 1962 season were later subject of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18865692", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nWilt Chamberlain Wilton Norman Chamberlain (; August 21, 1936 – October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player who played center position and is considered one of the most prominent and dominant players in NBA history. He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA. Chamberlain stood tall, and weighed as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over with the Lakers. Chamberlain holds numerous NBA records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6494151", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nWilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball. Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made, a notable achievement, as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter. The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game (316). That season, Chamberlain averaged a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842018", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Jordan\"\nminute. After he scored a playoff record 63 points against the Boston Celtics on April 20, 1986, Bird described him as \"\"God disguised as Michael Jordan\"\". Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles. He was also a fixture on the NBA All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times (NBA record shared with Gary Payton, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant). Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game, respectively. By 1998, the season of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11672317", "chunk_text": "\"Three-point field goal\"\nin 1987, a year after the NCAA. The NCAA used the FIBA three-point line (see below) in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) For three seasons beginning in 1994–95, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from ( at the corners) to a uniform around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of ( at the corners, with a 3-inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973. In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18131808", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nHe was also responsible for several rule changes, including widening the lane from 12 to 16 feet, as well as changes to rules regarding inbounding the ball and shooting free throws. Chamberlain is most remembered for his 100-point game, which is widely considered one of basketball's greatest records. Decades after his record, many NBA \"\"teams\"\" did not even average 100 points as fewer field goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in 2006. Bryant afterwards said Chamberlain's record was \"\"unthinkable ... It's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348435", "chunk_text": "\"Karl Malone\"\nhis team and his advancing age, Malone averaged 25.5, 23.2, 22.4, and 20.6 points per game in his last four seasons with Utah. In the 2002–2003 season, Malone passed Wilt Chamberlain for second on the all-time scoring list with 36,374 points. He became a free agent in 2003, the year Stockton had retired. For the time Malone and point guard John Stockton played together on the Jazz (1984–2003), the two formed one of the most productive guard–forward combinations in NBA history. Playing coach Jerry Sloan's scrappy and tough style and perfecting the pick and roll to a maximum degree of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8626915", "chunk_text": "\"Efficiency (basketball)\"\nNo other player surpassed 30 until Michael Jordan in 1987/88 with a PER of 31.71. Since then, Jordan repeated the accomplishment three more times, and the milestone has also since been eclipsed by David Robinson, Stephen Curry, Shaquille O'Neal (three times), Tracy McGrady, Dwyane Wade, LeBron James (four times) and Anthony Davis. No PER statistics are available pre-1951/52 as the 'minutes played' statistic was first recorded during that season. Some currently active NBA players known for consistently high efficiency ratings include, LeBron James, Chris Paul, Russell Westbrook, Dwyane Wade, Kevin Durant, Dirk Nowitzki and Dwight Howard. Player efficiency rating NBA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18131807", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nChamberlain was 50, the New Jersey Nets had the same idea, but were declined. However, he would continue to epitomize physical fitness for years to come, including participating in several marathons. Chamberlain is regarded as one of the most extraordinary and dominant basketball players in the history of the NBA. The 1972 NBA Finals MVP is holder of numerous official NBA all-time records, establishing himself as a scoring champion, all-time top rebounder and accurate field goal shooter. He led the NBA in scoring seven times, field goal percentage nine times, minutes played eight times, rebounding eleven times, and assists once.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2489815", "chunk_text": "Basketball\nfirst dominating \"\"big man\"\"; ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy and defensive genius Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics; charismatic center Wilt Chamberlain, who originally played for the barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters; all-around stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry West; more recent big men Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon and Karl Malone; playmakers John Stockton, Isiah Thomas and Steve Nash; crowd-pleasing forwards Julius Erving and Charles Barkley; European stars Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol and Tony Parker; more recent superstars LeBron James, Allen Iverson and Kobe Bryant; and the three players who many credit with ushering the professional game to its highest level of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16874425", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Pierce\"\npoints for the 15th straight season, becoming the only active NBA player and the sixth player in NBA history to score 1,000 points in 15 straight seasons (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, John Havlicek, Elvin Hayes, Robert Parish). He passed Allen Iverson and Patrick Ewing on the NBA's all-time scoring list (moved up to 18th in NBA history), moved into fifth place in all-time NBA history with 1935 career three-pointers made, and had his most steals (86) in a season since 2007–08. He came off the bench more times in 2013–14 (seven games) than he did in his previous 15 seasons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13105864", "chunk_text": "\"George Yardley\"\nGeorge Yardley George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 13, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname \"\"Yardbird\"\" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The nickname was later shortened to \"\"Bird\"\". After his three-year career at Stanford,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13603242", "chunk_text": "\"Carmelo Anthony\"\nthe Knicks' franchise record, and the Madison Square Garden record for single-game scoring with a 62-point, 13-rebound, 0 turnover effort against the Charlotte Bobcats. On January 30, 2014, in a 117-86 victory against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Anthony became the 50th NBA player to score 19,000 career points. In doing so at the age of 29 years and 246 days old, Anthony became the 5th-youngest NBA player to achieve the feat, only beaten by LeBron James (27 years and 111 days), Kobe Bryant (28 and 223), Michael Jordan (29 and 62) and Wilt Chamberlain (29 and 75). On February 5, 2014,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1800491", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Twyman\"\nJack Twyman John Kennedy Twyman (May 21, 1934 – May 30, 2012) was an American professional basketball player and sports broadcaster. Twyman, a 6'6\"\" forward from the University of Cincinnati, spent eleven seasons in the NBA as a member of the Rochester/Cincinnati Royals. Twyman and Wilt Chamberlain became the first players in NBA history to average more than 30 points per game in a single season when they both accomplished that feat during the 1959–60 season. He scored his career-high 59 points in a game that same season. Twyman was named to the All-NBA Second Team in both 1960 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6328394", "chunk_text": "\"Double (basketball)\"\nreferred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game. Another such double-double is called a triple-double-double (also referred to as 30–30). The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game. The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the season:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18131751", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nof the NBA's greatest on-court rivalries of all time. Nevertheless, the two also became friends off the court, similar to later rivals Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. In his first NBA season, Chamberlain averaged 37.6 points and 27 rebounds, convincingly breaking the previous regular-season records. He needed only 56 games to score 2,102 points, which broke the all-time regular season scoring record of Bob Pettit, who needed 72 games to score 2,101 points. Chamberlain broke eight NBA records, and was named NBA MVP and Rookie of the Year that season, a feat matched only by fellow Hall-of-Famer Wes Unseld in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349338", "chunk_text": "\"Rickey Green\"\nplaying for the Golden State Warriors, Detroit Pistons, Utah Jazz, Charlotte Hornets, Milwaukee Bucks, Indiana Pacers, Philadelphia 76ers, and Boston Celtics. His highlight season was in 1982-83 with the Utah Jazz, when he averaged 14.3 points, 8.9 assists and 2.82 steals per game, and represented them the following year in the 1984 NBA All-Star Game. He retired in 1992 with NBA career totals of 8,870 points and 5,221 assists in 946 games. In 1982, as a member of the Jazz, Green scored the five millionth point in NBA history. Rickey Green Rickey Green (born August 18, 1954) is a retired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17020736", "chunk_text": "\"Guy Rodgers\"\nGuy Rodgers Guy William Rodgers (September 1, 1935 – February 19, 2001) was an American professional basketball player born in Philadelphia. He spent twelve years (1958–1970) in the NBA, and was one of the league's best playmakers in the early to mid-1960s. Rodgers led the NBA in assists twice, and placed second six times. Rodgers played alongside the great Wilt Chamberlain from 1959 through 1964, and during Chamberlain's famous 100-point game, he led the way with 20 assists. In the 1962–63 season, Rodgers led the NBA in assists with an average of 10.4 per game, and played in his first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19430487", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Pettit\"\n11 NBA seasons. He never finished below seventh in the NBA scoring race and no other retired player in NBA history other than Pettit and Alex Groza (who played only two seasons) has averaged \"\"more\"\" than 20 points per game in every season they've played (note: Michael Jordan averaged \"\"exactly\"\" 20 points per game in his final season). In 1970, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Pettit was named to the NBA's 35th Anniversary Team in 1980, and was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996. Pettit worked in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15723595", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry West\"\nteam standpoint, I didn't feel I played very well. Very rarely was I satisfied with how I played.\"\" West ended his playing career with 14 All-Star, 12 All-NBA Team and five All-Defensive Team selections, and scored 25,192 points, 6,238 assists and 5,366 rebounds in 932 games, translating to an average of 27.0 points, 6.7 assists and 5.8 rebounds per game. Among retired players, only Michael Jordan, Elgin Baylor and Wilt Chamberlain surpass his 27.0 points per game average. He led the Lakers in scoring in seven seasons, only Jordan had a higher career scoring average in the playoffs (33.5 versus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15206291", "chunk_text": "\"50 Greatest Players in NBA History\"\nteams on the list—Wilt Chamberlain with the 1966–67 Sixers and 1971–72 Lakers; James Edwards, Dennis Rodman, and John Salley with the 1988–89 Pistons and 1995–96 Bulls; and Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen with the Bulls in both 1991–92 and 1995–96. Three other individuals both played for and coached honored teams, all of whom completed this \"\"double\"\" with a single franchise—K. C. Jones with the Celtics as a player in 1964–65 and coach in 1985–86, Billy Cunningham with the Sixers as a player in 1966–67 and coach in 1982–83, and Pat Riley with the Lakers as a player in 1971–72 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3166411", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Arizin\"\nPaul Arizin Paul Joseph Arizin (April 9, 1928 – December 12, 2006), nicknamed \"\"Pitchin' Paul\"\", was an American basketball player who spent his entire National Basketball Association (NBA) career with the Philadelphia Warriors from 1950 to 1962. He retired with the third highest career point total (16,266) in NBA history, and was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History upon its 50th anniversary in 1996. He was a high-scoring forward at Villanova University before being drafted by the Warriors of the fledgling NBA. Born in Philadelphia to French immigrants, Arizin did not play basketball at La Salle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4009083", "chunk_text": "\"Allen Iverson\"\nthe NBA scoring title during the 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02, and 2004–05 seasons, Iverson was one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history, despite his relatively small stature (listed at 6 feet, 0 inches). His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks seventh all-time, and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan. Iverson was also the NBA Most Valuable Player of the 2000–01 season and led his team to the 2001 NBA Finals the same season. Iverson represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics, winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5396032", "chunk_text": "\"Field goal percentage\"\nfield goal percentage for a single season was set by Wilt Chamberlain with 0.727 in the 1972–73 season. Field goal percentages were substantially lower in the NBA until the mid-to-late 1960s. For this reason, many early NBA stars have low field goal percentages, such as Bob Cousy at .375, and George Mikan, Bob Pettit, and Bill Russell, whose career field goal percentages of .404, .436, and .440, respectively, are much lower than later post players. Three-point field goal percentage is usually kept as additional statistics. Its abbreviation is 3FG%. A 3FG% of .400 and above is a very good percentage.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15250484", "chunk_text": "\"Lionel Simmons\"\nLionel Simmons Lionel James \"\"L-Train\"\" Simmons (born November 14, 1968) is a retired American professional basketball player. Simmons led South Philadelphia High School to a Philadelphia Public League boys' championship in 1986, getting an MVP award in the process. He was inducted into the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2008. Simmons was a 6'7\"\" small forward from La Salle University, where he won the Naismith College Player of the Year and John R. Wooden Award as a senior. Simmons is third in all-time NCAA career points with 3,217 and trails only Pete Maravich and Freeman Williams. Simmons became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11824241", "chunk_text": "\"Center (basketball)\"\nMost notably, Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average more than 50 points in a season and score 100 points in a single game (both in 1961–62 as a member of the Philadelphia Warriors). He also holds the NBA's all-time records for rebounding average (27.2), rebounds in a single game (55), and career rebounds (23,924). A lesser-known center of the era was Nate Thurmond, who initially played the forward position opposite Wilt Chamberlain for the San Francisco Warriors but moved to center after Chamberlain was traded to the new Philadelphia franchise. Although he never won a Championship,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8644253", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Van Arsdale\"\na three-time All-Star, was consistently over his career one of the best free throw shooters in the NBA. He retired from play in 1977. Van Arsdale still holds the NBA record for most career games played without a playoff appearance. Van Arsdale played 929 games without making a single playoff appearance. Van Arsdale is also the highest scoring player (14,232 career points) in NBA history without a playoff appearance. Born in Indianapolis, he is the identical twin of Dick Van Arsdale. The two brothers played together during the 1976–77 season, which was the final year of play for both. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10755861", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nCeltics, losing the seventh game 109–107. The closest Chamberlain came again to 100 was 73 and 72 points the next season, when he also averaged 44.8 points. The NBA in 1964 widened the lane from to to limit Chamberlain, and he averaged 36.9 that season. The anniversary of the game was not widely commemorated until its silver anniversary in 1987. By that time, the NBA had grown to be a popular sports league with average attendance of 13,000 fans per game and star players such as Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, and Michael Jordan. The Warriors' PR director Harvey Pollack said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6193557", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Maravich\"\nantics. He was elected to the All-NBA First Team that year. The following season (1976–77) was his most productive in the NBA. He led the league in scoring with an average of 31.1 points per game. He scored 40 points or more in 13 different games, and 50 or more in 4 games. His 68-point masterpiece against the Knicks was at the time the most points ever scored by a guard in a single game, and only two players at any position had ever scored more: Wilt Chamberlain and Elgin Baylor. Baylor was head coach of the Jazz at that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3442594", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Willis\"\nNBA seasons. He shares the record for most seasons played in the NBA with Robert Parish, Kevin Garnett, Vince Carter and Dirk Nowitzki. During the 2004–05 season, Willis was the oldest player in the league at age 42, and he would continue to be until his retirement at the conclusion of the 2006–07 season at the age of 44. Born in Los Angeles, Willis graduated from Pershing High School in Detroit and joined the basketball team in his junior year. Willis played competitively at Jackson College for his freshman season and transferred to Michigan State University, where he would play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4383351", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Duncan\"\na federal grand jury indicted the adviser on two counts of wire fraud related to the case. In April 2017, the adviser pled guilty to wire fraud in the case; in June 2018, he reached a settlement and received $7.5 million. Tim Duncan Timothy Theodore Duncan (born April 25, 1976) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played his entire 19-year career with the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Widely regarded as the greatest power forward of all time as well as one of the greatest basketball players of all time, he is a five-time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044804", "chunk_text": "\"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar\"\ndefeating Boston in 1987, and Detroit in 1988. The Lakers lost to the Pistons in a four-game sweep in his final season. At the time of his retirement, Abdul-Jabbar held the record for most games played by a single player in the NBA; this would later be broken by Robert Parish. He also was the all-time record holder for most points (38,387), most field goals made (15,837), and most minutes played (57,446). Since 2005, Abdul-Jabbar has served as a special assistant coach for the Lakers. He had been interested in coaching since his retirement, and given the influence that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11482444", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Maravich\"\nPete Maravich Peter Press Maravich (June 22, 1947 – January 5, 1988), known by his nickname Pistol Pete, was an American professional basketball player. Maravich was born in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, and raised in the Carolinas. Maravich starred in college at Louisiana State University (LSU) and played for three NBA teams until injuries forced his retirement in 1980. He is the all-time leading NCAA Division I scorer with 3,667 points scored and an average of 44.2 points per game. All of his accomplishments were achieved before the adoption of the three point line and shot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18685792", "chunk_text": "\"Oscar Robertson\"\ncareer assists and free throws made, and was the second all-time leading scorer behind Wilt Chamberlain. Robertson also set yardsticks in versatility. If his first five NBA seasons are strung together, Robertson averaged a triple-double over those, averaging 30.3 points, 10.4 rebounds and 10.6 assists. For his career, Robertson had 181 triple-doubles, a record that has never been approached. These numbers are even more astonishing if it is taken into account that the three-point shot, which benefits sharpshooting backcourt players, did not exist when he played. In 1967–68, Robertson also became the first of only two players in NBA history", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12959418", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Russell\"\nin attendance. Bill Russell William Felton Russell (born February 12, 1934) is an American retired professional basketball player. Russell played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969 and won 11 championships rings during his 13 seasons as an NBA player. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a twelve-time All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty, winning eleven NBA championships during his thirteen-year career. Russell tied the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league (with Henri Richard of the National Hockey League).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1931364", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Russell\"\nBill Russell William Felton Russell (born February 12, 1934) is an American retired professional basketball player. Russell played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969 and won 11 championships rings during his 13 seasons as an NBA player. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a twelve-time All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty, winning eleven NBA championships during his thirteen-year career. Russell tied the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league (with Henri Richard of the National Hockey League). Before his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19081794", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Holup\"\nthe Nationals and Detroit Pistons, averaging 7.0 points per game and 4.4 rebounds per game. Holup died in Rexford, New York in 1998. Joe Holup Joseph J. Holup (February 26, 1934 – January 28, 1998) was an American professional basketball player. A 6'6' forward, Holup starred at George Washington University from 1953 to 1956. He tallied 2,226 points and 2,030 rebounds in 104 varsity games, and led the NCAA in rebounds per game (25.6) during the 1955–56 season. Holup held George Washington's record for most career points until 2003, when he was surpassed by Chris Monroe. After college, Holup was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2941909", "chunk_text": "\"Luther Burden\"\nwas 62. Luther Burden Luther Dean \"\"Ticky\"\" Burden (February 28, 1953 – October 29, 2015) was an American NBA and ABA basketball player. Burden played in Albany, New York's Philip Schuyler High School. Born in Haines City, Florida, Burden attended the University of Utah. He played for the United States men's national basketball team in the 1974 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal and scoring 20.2 points per game, a Team USA record which was overtaken by Kevin Durant in 2010. In 1975, his junior year, he averaged 28.7 points per game and set the Western Athletic Conference record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18772293", "chunk_text": "\"Walt Bellamy\"\nJerry Lucas. Bellamy had a stellar 14-year career in the NBA, and was the NBA first overall draft pick in 1961. Bellamy was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in 1962 after having arguably one of the three greatest rookie seasons in NBA history (along with Wilt Chamberlain and Oscar Robertson). His 31.6 points per game average that season is second all-time for a rookie to Wilt Chamberlain's 37.6, and the 19 rebounds per game he averaged that season is the third-best all-time rookie mark (to Chamberlain's 27 and Bill Russell's 19.6). No NBA rookie has since surpassed Bellamy's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15683311", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Evans (basketball)\"\nMike Evans (basketball) Michael Leeroyall Evans (born April 19, 1955) is a retired American National Basketball Association (NBA) player and coach. He played collegiately at Kansas State University where he is Kansas State's second all-time leading points scorer, behind Jacob Pullen, with 2,115 points. He was drafted by the Denver Nuggets with the 21st pick of the 1978 NBA Draft and had a 9-year NBA career with four teams (the San Antonio Spurs, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, and the Denver Nuggets). He was widely regarded throughout his career as an excellent 3-point shooter, being among the league leaders in that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10379185", "chunk_text": "\"John Stockton\"\nJohn Stockton John Houston Stockton (born March 26, 1962) is an American retired professional basketball player. He spent his entire professional playing career as a point guard for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA), from 1984 to 2003. Stockton is regarded as one of the best point guards of all time, holding the NBA records for most career assists and steals by considerable margins. He is a ten-time NBA All-Star, and a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee (in 2009 for his individual career, and in 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287610", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game\"\nNaulls wrote, \"\"Wilt had rung the bell of freedom loud and clear, shouting, 'Let my people be free to express themselves.' For we were and will be for all time those who withstood the humiliation of racial quotas even to the point of the NBA's facing extinction because of retarded expression and stagnating growth.\"\" Source <br> Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18865798", "chunk_text": "\"Wilt Chamberlain\"\nuniversally remembered as a symbol of the sport. His lifelong on-court rival and personal friend Bill Russell stated \"\"the fierceness of our competition bonded us together for eternity\"\", and Celtics coach Red Auerbach praised Chamberlain as vital for the success of the entire NBA. Ex-Lakers teammate Jerry West remembered him as an utterly dominant, yet friendly and humorous player, and fellow Hall-of-Famers Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Johnny Kerr, Phil Jackson and Wes Unseld called Chamberlain one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. Wilt Chamberlain Wilton Norman Chamberlain (; August 21, 1936 – October 12, 1999) was an American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_784	with a land area of 54 314 square miles where does wisconsin rank among the 50 states?	n/a	[ "25" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12185850", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nWisconsin Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin's geography is diverse, having been greatly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11464091", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 50\"\nWisconsin Highway 50 State Trunk Highway 50 (often called Highway 50, STH 50 or WIS 50) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The highway serves Walworth and Kenosha counties in southeast Wisconsin. Highway 50 runs from Wisconsin Highway 11 in Delavan east to Wisconsin Highway 32 in Kenosha. The highway is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Highway 50 begins at an intersection with Highway 11 in Delavan. The highway crosses Wisconsin and Southern Railroad tracks and heads east to a junction with Interstate 43 at Exit 21. Highway 50 continues southeast out of Delavan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909226", "chunk_text": "\"Milwaukee metropolitan area\"\nCities. It is part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis containing an estimated 54 million people. The Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Combined Statistical Area is made up of the Milwaukee–Waukesha–West Allis Metropolitan Statistical Area (Milwaukee, Waukesha, Washington and Ozaukee counties), the Racine Metropolitan Statistical Area (Racine County), the Beaver Dam Micropolitan Statistica Area (Dodge County), the Watertown-Fort Atkinson Micropolitan Area (Jefferson County), and the Whitewater-Elkorn Micropolitan Area (Walworth County) according to the U.S. Census. Updated definitions released in February 2013 added Dodge, Jefferson and Walworth Counties to the Milwaukee CSA. Kenosha, despite being just 32 miles from Milwaukee and 50 miles from Chicago, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11464094", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 50\"\n1997; the highway moved from 75th Street to a more northerly alignment along Roosevelt Road and 63rd Street. Wisconsin Highway 50 State Trunk Highway 50 (often called Highway 50, STH 50 or WIS 50) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The highway serves Walworth and Kenosha counties in southeast Wisconsin. Highway 50 runs from Wisconsin Highway 11 in Delavan east to Wisconsin Highway 32 in Kenosha. The highway is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Highway 50 begins at an intersection with Highway 11 in Delavan. The highway crosses Wisconsin and Southern Railroad tracks and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16326662", "chunk_text": "Milwaukee\nMilwaukee Milwaukee (, ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The seat of the eponymous county, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States. The city's estimated population in 2017 was 595,351. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is also part of the larger Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha combined statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,026,243 in the 2010 census. Milwaukee is the second-most densely populated metropolitan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10189465", "chunk_text": "Milwaukee\nbeen depicted in scenes from feature films, including: Milwaukee Milwaukee (, ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The seat of the eponymous county, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States. The city's estimated population in 2017 was 595,351. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is also part of the larger Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha combined statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,026,243 in the 2010", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10581415", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nand college town. Madison's suburb, Middleton, was ranked the \"\"Best Place to Live in America\"\" in 2007 by \"\"Money Magazine\"\". Medium-size cities dot the state and anchor a network of working farms surrounding them. As of 2011, there were 12 cities in Wisconsin with a population of 50,000 or more, accounting for 73% of the state's employment. Wisconsin has three types of municipality: cities, villages, and towns. Cities and villages are incorporated urban areas. Towns are unincorporated minor civil divisions of counties with limited self-government. Wisconsin, along with Minnesota and Michigan, was among the Midwestern leaders in the emergent American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710454", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\ndaily passenger rail service between Chicago and Milwaukee. It also provides cross-country service via the Empire Builder with station stops in several cities in Wisconsin. Over 68% of Wisconsin residents live in urban areas, with the Greater Milwaukee area home to roughly one-third of the state's population. With over 594,000 residents, Milwaukee is the 30th-largest city in the country. The string of cities along the western edge of Lake Michigan is generally considered to be an example of a megalopolis. With a population of around 233,000 and metropolitan area of over 600,000, Madison has a dual identity as state capital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710415", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nMinnesota to the northwest. A border dispute with Michigan was settled by two cases, both Wisconsin v. Michigan, in 1934 and 1935. The state's boundaries include the Mississippi River and St. Croix River in the west, and the Menominee River in the northeast. With its location between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, Wisconsin is home to a wide variety of geographical features. The state is divided into five distinct regions. In the north, the Lake Superior Lowland occupies a belt of land along Lake Superior. Just to the south, the Northern Highland has massive mixed hardwood and coniferous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12185851", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nimpacted by glaciers during the Ice Age with the exception of the Driftless Area. The Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupies the western part of the state, with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, a large number of European settlers entered the state, many of whom emigrated from Germany and Scandinavia. Like neighboring Minnesota, the state remains a center of German American and Scandinavian American culture. Wisconsin is known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2103012", "chunk_text": "\"Madison, Wisconsin\"\nMadison, Wisconsin Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2017, Madison's estimated population of 255,214 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 82nd-largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties. The Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area's 2010 population was 568,593. Founded in 1829 on an isthmus between Lake Monona and Lake Mendota, Madison was named the capital of the Wisconsin Territory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710468", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nfrom BAC 0.10 to 0.08, did so only as a result of federal government pressure. The Wisconsin Tavern League opposes raising the alcoholic beverage tax. The \"\"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel\"\" series \"\"Wasted in Wisconsin\"\" examined this situation. The varied landscape of Wisconsin makes the state a popular vacation destination for outdoor recreation. Winter events include skiing, ice fishing and snowmobile derbies. Wisconsin is situated on two Great Lakes and has many inland lakes of varied size; the state contains of water, more than all but three other states – Alaska, Michigan, and Florida. Outdoor activities are popular in Wisconsin, especially hunting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6577770", "chunk_text": "\"Madison, Wisconsin\"\ncities include: Madison, Wisconsin Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2017, Madison's estimated population of 255,214 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 82nd-largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties. The Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area's 2010 population was 568,593. Founded in 1829 on an isthmus between Lake Monona and Lake Mendota, Madison was named the capital of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20663037", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin State Trunk Highway System\"\ndeemed worthy of preservation and protection. The state highway system, altogether totaling across all of Wisconsin's 72 counties, is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT). The state of Wisconsin is served by eight Interstate Highways, consisting of five primary routes and three auxiliary routes. The first part of this system was constructed in 1956, and its most recent expansion took place in 2015, with the addition of I-41 to the system. Wisconsin's longest interstate highway is I-94, at 348 miles, and its shortest is I-535, which extends only 1.2 miles into the state. There are also fourteen United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710414", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nand sick leave of public sector employees, among other changes. A series of major protests by union supporters took place that year in response to the changes, and Walker survived a recall election held the next year, becoming the first governor in United States history to do so. Walker enacted other bills promoting conservative governance, such as a right-to-work law, abortion restrictions, and legislation removing certain gun controls. Wisconsin is bordered by the Montreal River; Lake Superior and Michigan to the north; by Lake Michigan to the east; by Illinois to the south; and by Iowa to the southwest and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232065", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin\"\nhis thrill show and the city, effectively spreading word about the area across the nation. Soon more attractions followed to serve the ever-increasing tourists, along with countless hotels, shops, and restaurants. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. According to the Wisconsin Department of Administration, on January 19, 2004 the city annexed land from the Town of Lyndon in Juneau County, thus expanding the city to include area in four counties. It is mostly located in Columbia County. Winnebago Indians called themselves \"\"Hochungra,\"\" meaning \"\"People", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17845408", "chunk_text": "\"Green Bay, Wisconsin\"\nthe Town of Preble was consolidated with the city of Green Bay. Green Bay is in the northeastern part of Wisconsin at the mouth of the Fox River. Today, Interstate 43 meets Interstate 41 (also U.S. Route 41) in Green Bay, about north of Milwaukee. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Green Bay has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification \"\"Dfb\"\"), with some moderation due to the city's proximity to Lake Michigan. Like other cities with this type of climate, there are four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10347415", "chunk_text": "\"Milwaukee metropolitan area\"\nMilwaukee metropolitan area The Milwaukee metropolitan area (also known as Metro Milwaukee or Greater Milwaukee) is a major metropolitan area located in Southeastern Wisconsin, consisting of the city of Milwaukee and the surrounding area. There are several definitions of the area, including the Milwaukee–Waukesha–West Allis metropolitan area and the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha combined statistical area. It is the largest metropolitan area in Wisconsin, and the 39th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The U.S. Census Bureau defines the Milwaukee Metropolitan area as containing four counties in southeastern Wisconsin: Milwaukee, Waukesha, Washington and Ozaukee. The Metropolitan population of Milwaukee was 1,572,245 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5527889", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin\"\nLake Wisconsin, Wisconsin Lake Wisconsin is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia and Sauk counties, in the towns of Lodi and Merrimac, in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 4,189 at the 2010 census. The Columbia County portion of the Lake Wisconsin is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Sauk County portion is part of the Baraboo Micropolitan Statistical Area. Lake Wisconsin is located at (43.373461, -89.575676). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 21.5 square miles (55.6 km²), of which, 12.1 square miles (31.4 km²) of it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18232067", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin\"\nthe Ho-Chunk Nation owns land in 14 counties in Wisconsin, including Adams, Clark, Crawford, Dane, Eau Claire, Jackson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marathon, Monroe, Sauk, Shawano, Vernon and Wood Counties and also land in the State of Illinois.This is a result of the failed attempts from 1832-1874 to ethnically cleanse the Ho-Chunk from Wisconsin, which the Ho-Chunk thwarted by continuously returning during this process, finally exploiting the 1862 Homestead Act to purchase land in their ancestral home. This amazing strategy and resilience resulted in a new national law, the Indian Homestead Act of 1875. Today, the Ho-Chunk Nation is the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484253", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 57\"\nand the former route became part of WIS 67. When the federal government was planning the Interstate Highway System in the 1950s, Wisconsin proposed that the WIS 57 corridor become the route of an interstate highway. The state wanted an interstate to connect Milwaukee and Green Bay, two of Wisconsin's largest cities. Their plan chose the WIS 57 route over the nearby US 41 and US 141 corridors; the state did not want the interstate's route to favor either the port cities of Manitowoc and Sheboygan or the inland cities of Appleton, Fond du Lac and Oshkosh. Wisconsin wanted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10498717", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin\"\nor over. Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin Lake Wisconsin is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia and Sauk counties, in the towns of Lodi and Merrimac, in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 4,189 at the 2010 census. The Columbia County portion of the Lake Wisconsin is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Sauk County portion is part of the Baraboo Micropolitan Statistical Area. Lake Wisconsin is located at (43.373461, -89.575676). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 21.5 square miles (55.6 km²), of which, 12.1 square miles (31.4 km²)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710417", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nsouthwest, the Western Upland is a rugged landscape with a mix of forest and farmland, including many bluffs on the Mississippi River. This region is part of the Driftless Area, which also includes portions of Iowa, Illinois, and Minnesota. This area was not covered by glaciers during the most recent ice age, the Wisconsin Glaciation. Overall, 46% of Wisconsin's land area is covered by forest. Langlade County has a soil rarely found outside of the county called Antigo silt loam. Areas under the management of the National Park Service include the following: There is one national forest managed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17996344", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 33\"\nLake Michigan to the fertile hunting grounds of the marsh, to provide food for the crews of ships on the lake. It is one of the oldest roads in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Highway 33 State Trunk Highway 33 (often called Highway 33, STH 33 or WIS 33) is a Wisconsin state highway running east–west across central Wisconsin. It is in length. Highway 33 begins east of the Mississippi River where it intersects U.S. Highway 14 (US 14) / US 61 just south of downtown La Crosse. It ends in downtown Port Washington at Highway 32 west of Lake Michigan. Prior to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19267751", "chunk_text": "\"Madison, Wisconsin\"\nelections in the last half-century, and a liberal and progressive majority is generally elected to the city council. Detractors often refer to Madison as \"\"The People's Republic of Madison\"\", the \"\"Left Coast of Wisconsin\"\" or as \"\"77 square miles surrounded by reality.\"\" This latter phrase was coined by former Wisconsin Republican governor Lee S. Dreyfus, while campaigning in 1978, as recounted by campaign aide Bill Kraus. In 2013, there was a motion in the city council to turn Dreyfus' insult into the official city \"\"punchline,\"\" but it was voted down by the city council. The city's voters are generally much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19534128", "chunk_text": "\"Ozaukee County, Wisconsin\"\n\"\"America's Best Places To Raise A Family\"\" in June, 2008. Ozaukee County was once part of neighboring Washington County to the west. Its name comes from the Ojibwe name for the Sacs. The word probably means \"\"people living at the mouth of a river.\"\" Ozaukee County is the smallest land area county in the State of Wisconsin, covering 235 square miles of land area. Lion's Den Gorge Nature Preserve is a large bluffland and wetland county protected area on the shore of Lake Michigan. As of the census of 2000, there were 82,317 people, 30,857 households, and 23,019 families residing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19534154", "chunk_text": "\"Milwaukee County, Wisconsin\"\ntaking from Milwaukee all of the territory west of range 21, reducing Milwaukee County to its present boundaries. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (80%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in Wisconsin by land area. It is watered by the Milwaukee, Menomonee, Kinnickinnic, and Root Rivers. The surface is undulating, and the soil calcareous and fertile. As of the 2010 census, there were 947,735 people, 383,591 households, and 221,019 families residing in the county. The population density was 3,932 people per square mile (1,528/km²). There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19534150", "chunk_text": "\"Milwaukee County, Wisconsin\"\nMilwaukee County, Wisconsin Milwaukee County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 947,735 and was estimated to be 951,448 in 2016. It is the most populous county in Wisconsin and the 45th most populous in the United States. Its county seat is Milwaukee, which is also the most populous city in the state. The county was created in 1834 as part of Michigan Territory and organized the following year. Milwaukee County is the most populous county of the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as of the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4009985", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Wisconsin\"\nhas a shoreline of 57 mi (90 km) and an area of 9500 acres (38 km²). Its construction effectively ended the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway connection to the Mississippi River, although commercial traffic had ended decades before completion of the dam. The lake provides flood control and is a popular destination for recreational boating and fishing. The Merrimac Ferry crosses the lake at Merrimac, Wisconsin. Lake Wisconsin Lake Wisconsin is a reservoir on the Wisconsin River in southern Wisconsin in the United States. It is located in Columbia and Sauk counties, approximately 5 mi (8 km) southeast of Baraboo and 25 mi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19732744", "chunk_text": "\"Waukesha County, Wisconsin\"\nWaukesha County, Wisconsin Waukesha County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 389,891, making it the third-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its county seat is Waukesha. Waukesha County is included in the Milwaukee–Waukesha–West Allis, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. The part of Wisconsin that Waukesha County occupies was a part of Michigan Territory when Milwaukee County was organized in September 1834. On July 4, 1836, the Wisconsin Territory was formed, which included land that is now in the state of Minnesota. In January 1846, part of Milwaukee County was split off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2589677", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 55\"\nWisconsin Highway 55 State Trunk Highway 55 (often called Highway 55, STH-55, or WIS 55) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It travels south-to-north in the northeastern part of Wisconsin from an intersection with U.S. Route 151 (US 151) approximately north of Brothertown, near the eastern shore of Lake Winnebago in Calumet County, to the Michigan state line at the Brule River approximately northeast of Nelma in Forest County, where it connects to M-73. Along its route, STH-55 serves Kaukauna, Shawano, the Menominee Indian Reservation, Crandon, and the Nicolet side of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137584", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Minnesota\"\nGeography of Minnesota Minnesota is the northernmost state outside Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel. Minnesota is in the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest. The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota are west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba are north. With , or approximately 2.26 % of the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10581400", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\n2017, the state's unemployment rate was 3.4% (seasonally adjusted). In quarter four of 2011, the largest employers in Wisconsin were: Wisconsin produces about a quarter of America's cheese, leading the nation in cheese production. It is second in milk production, after California, and third in per-capita milk production, behind California and Vermont. Wisconsin is second in butter production, producing about one-quarter of the nation's butter. The state ranks first nationally in the production of corn for silage, cranberries ginseng, and snap beans for processing. It grows over half the national crop of cranberries. and 97% of the nation's ginseng. Wisconsin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17996343", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 33\"\nWisconsin Highway 33 State Trunk Highway 33 (often called Highway 33, STH 33 or WIS 33) is a Wisconsin state highway running east–west across central Wisconsin. It is in length. Highway 33 begins east of the Mississippi River where it intersects U.S. Highway 14 (US 14) / US 61 just south of downtown La Crosse. It ends in downtown Port Washington at Highway 32 west of Lake Michigan. Prior to European settlement, the foot trail from Port Washington to Horicon was the most traveled of seven trails that met in Horicon Marsh. A road was constructed to provide access from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11331735", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Chute, Wisconsin\"\ngovernment services would be better provided by the City of Appleton, and that the proposed village was not compact or homogenous. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.0 square miles (64.6 km²), of which 24.9 square miles (64.5 km²) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km²) (0.32%) is water. Grand Chute is the largest town in Wisconsin, both in terms of population (20,919 at the 2010 census) and valuation (over $2.4 billion). It is part of the Fox Cities metroplex that includes Oshkosh, Neenah, Menasha, and Appleton. As of the census", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3762946", "chunk_text": "\"Western Upland\"\nWestern Upland The Western Upland is a geographical region covering much of the western half of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It stretches from southern Polk County, Wisconsin in the north to the state border with Illinois in the south, and from Rock County in the east to the Mississippi River in the west. Wisconsin's Western Upland is a rugged, hilly region deeply dissected by rivers and streams. The area is characterized by rocky outcroppings and numerous small caves, as well as sharp and frequent changes in altitude. The elevation in the region ranges from about 600 feet above sea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7730520", "chunk_text": "\"Land O' Lakes (community), Wisconsin\"\nLand O' Lakes (community), Wisconsin Land O' Lakes is an unincorporated community in Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in the town of Land O' Lakes on U.S. Route 45. The community is located along the state line with Michigan; in the past, it has also been called Donaldson and State Line. Land O' Lakes is part of the Northland Pines School District and has an elementary school that serves students in kindergarten through fifth grade. Students travel to the nearby city of Eagle River, Wisconsin for middle school and high school. Conserve School, a private semester school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4781579", "chunk_text": "\"West Marshland, Wisconsin\"\nWest Marshland, Wisconsin West Marshland is a town in Burnett County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 367 at the 2010 census. West Marshland is in western Burnett County. Its western border follows the St. Croix River, the boundary between Wisconsin and Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 5.45%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 331 people, 123 households, and 85 families residing in the town. The population density was 4.8 people per square mile (1.8/km²).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484249", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 57\"\nWisconsin Highway 57 Wisconsin Highway 57 (often called Highway 57, STH-57 or WIS 57) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs from its southern terminus at Wisconsin Highway 59 in Milwaukee to its northern terminus at Wisconsin Highway 42 in Sister Bay. Much of WIS 57 parallels the Interstate 43 corridor, and the highway is concurrent with I-43 for in Ozaukee County. Like most Wisconsin state highways, WIS 57 is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT). WIS 57 serves as a major highway in eastern Wisconsin, and it was originally designed to connect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11587033", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Route 45 in Wisconsin\"\nU.S. Route 45 in Wisconsin U.S. Highway 45 (US 45) runs north–south through the eastern and northern portions of the state of Wisconsin. Also called Highway 45, it runs from the state line with Illinois near the village of Bristol in Kenosha County to the Michigan state line at the town of Land O' Lakes in Vilas County, a total of about . US 45 enters from Illinois at Pikeville and is a two-lane road up to its junction with WIS 36 southwest of Milwaukee. It runs concurrent with WIS 36 to its junction with WIS 100. As it follows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3354041", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 13\"\nWisconsin Highway 13 State Trunk Highway 13 (often called Highway 13, STH 13 or WIS 13) is a Wisconsin state highway running north–south across northwest and central Wisconsin. WIS 13 serves as a major north–south route connecting the communities of Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin Rapids, Marshfield and Ashland. Highway 13 is part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour from its northern/western terminus to Ashland at is eastern junction with U.S. Highway 2. The road also provides access to the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore off the Lake Superior shoreline at Bayfield. The highway is two-lane surface road with the exception of various", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19732748", "chunk_text": "\"Waukesha County, Wisconsin\"\n204-vote margin. On the Thursday after the election, Waukesha County Clerk Kathy Nickolaus reported, among other smaller errors, a failure to report votes in the Waukesha city of Brookfield. The newly reported votes gave Prosser the lead, and he retained his seat. Media reports stemming from this incident referred to the county as \"\"crucial Waukesha County,\"\" and , the phrase has continued to be widely used in U.S. political media as an in-joke. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (5.3%) is water. Because of its large number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5182400", "chunk_text": "\"Madison, Wisconsin, metropolitan statistical area\"\n$35,250 versus $26,322 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $21,832. Madison, Wisconsin, metropolitan statistical area The Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of Columbia, Dane, Green, Rock, and Iowa counties in Wisconsin, anchored by the city of Madison. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 568,593. The Madison–Janesville–Beloit Combined Statistical Area (CSA) is made up of six counties. The statistical area includes two metropolitan areas and one micropolitan area. As of 2016, the CSA had a population of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19709641", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin River\"\napplied to Wisconsin Territory and finally the state of Wisconsin. The Wisconsin River originates in the forests of the Lake District of northern Wisconsin, in Lac Vieux Desert near the border of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It flows south across the glacial plain of central Wisconsin, passing through Wausau, Stevens Point, and Wisconsin Rapids. In southern Wisconsin it encounters the terminal moraine formed during the last ice age, where it forms the Dells of the Wisconsin River. North of Madison at Portage, the river turns to the west, flowing through Wisconsin's hilly Western Upland and joining the Mississippi approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18368626", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 35\"\nwas expanded south to the Illinois border. In October 2013, Wisconsin WIS 35 between Ferryville, Wisconsin and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin was renamed in honor of former Governor of Wisconsin Patrick Lucey. Wisconsin Highway 35 State Trunk Highway 35 (STH-35, WIS 35) is a Wisconsin state highway running north–south across western Wisconsin. It is 412.15 miles in length, and is the longest state highway in Wisconsin. Portions of WIS 35 are part of the Great River Road. WIS 35 is a major north-south route through westernmost Wisconsin, often following close to the state border. Because of the lower population of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3354051", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 13\"\nWIS 34, WIS 13 and WIS 73. The second, in Marshfield, follows the old alignment of WIS 13 along Central Avenue through downtown. Wisconsin Highway 13 State Trunk Highway 13 (often called Highway 13, STH 13 or WIS 13) is a Wisconsin state highway running north–south across northwest and central Wisconsin. WIS 13 serves as a major north–south route connecting the communities of Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin Rapids, Marshfield and Ashland. Highway 13 is part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour from its northern/western terminus to Ashland at is eastern junction with U.S. Highway 2. The road also provides access to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17421739", "chunk_text": "\"Washburn, Wisconsin\"\na severe blow to the local economy. Currently, the city's economy focuses on the tourist industry and its position as county seat. Washburn receives three radio stations from Ashland; WATW, WBSZ and WJJH. Television stations come from the Duluth–Superior market; KDLH, KBJR, WDSE and WDIO. Washburn, Wisconsin Washburn is a city in Bayfield County, in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 2,117 at the 2010 census. The city is just east of and adjacent to the Town of Washburn. It is in northern Wisconsin, on the shore of Lake Superior's Chequamegon Bay. Wisconsin Highway 13 serves as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18368599", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 35\"\nWisconsin Highway 35 State Trunk Highway 35 (STH-35, WIS 35) is a Wisconsin state highway running north–south across western Wisconsin. It is 412.15 miles in length, and is the longest state highway in Wisconsin. Portions of WIS 35 are part of the Great River Road. WIS 35 is a major north-south route through westernmost Wisconsin, often following close to the state border. Because of the lower population of counties along the state's western border with Iowa and Minnesota, it is a mostly rural routing with lower traffic counts than in other parts of the state. WIS 35 is also the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10545293", "chunk_text": "\"Wisconsin Highway 50\"\nHighway 50 continues eastward toward Bristol. The highway intersects U.S. Route 45 in Bristol and continues east to meet Interstate 94 and U.S. Route 41 at Exit 344. Highway 50 then straddles the border of Kenosha and Pleasant Prairie, meeting Highway 31 along this border. The highway then turns northeast and passes through Kenosha before terminating at Highway 32. Highway 50 was designated in 1917, and signage for the highway was posted in 1918. The highway has changed little since and still follows its original route for most of its length. The route of Highway 50 through Kenosha changed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2710449", "chunk_text": "Wisconsin\nAshley Furniture; Ariens; and Evinrude Outboard Motors. Wisconsin is a major producer of paper, packaging, and other consumer goods. Major consumer products companies based in the state include SC Johnson & Co., and Diversey, Inc. Wisconsin also ranks first nationwide in the production of paper products; the lower Fox River from Lake Winnebago to Green Bay has 24 paper mills along its stretch. The development and manufacture of health care devices and software is a growing sector of the state's economy, with key players such as GE Healthcare, Epic Systems, and TomoTherapy. Tourism is a major industry in Wisconsin –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_785	who plays charles on have and have nots?	n/a	[ "Nick Sager", "Nick Sagar" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18807662", "chunk_text": "\"Aaron O'Connell\"\nAaron O'Connell Aaron John O'Connell (born April 8, 1986) is an American model and actor. O'Connell is best known for his portrayal of Wyatt Cryer in the prime time television drama \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" which airs on the Oprah Winfrey Network. O'Connell is the only son of Mark O'Connell, a former player for the Cincinnati Bengals and Kathryn Deeble O'Connell. He has three sisters, Amy, Abby and Anna. He graduated from Cathedral High School in 2004 where he played football, basketball and baseball. As a child, his maternal grandfather Wayne taught him how to play the piano.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1470055", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas James (actor)\"\nNicholas James (actor) Nicholas James (born Nicholas James Muscarella and additionally variously credited as Nick James or Nicholas J. Muscarella) is an American actor. James is known for his recurring role (beginning in 2016) as Officer Justin Lewis in the Tyler Perry-created OWN series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (Season 3 – Season 5, in 63 episodes as of July 2018) as well as for appearances in \"\"Prom Night\"\" (2008) and \"\"\"\" (2014). His earliest credited film appearance was in \"\"\"\" in 2006. Additionally, James has appeared in television commercials for Grupo Modelo and Walmart. Outside of acting, James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1928785", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Parros\"\npolice drama \"\"Adam-12\"\", as Officer Gus Grant. In 1990–91, he played the recurring role of firefighter Eddie Cooper on the CBS comedy \"\"The Family Man\"\". Parros has made guest appearances on such TV shows as \"\"Charles in Charge\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"New York Undercover\"\". Peter Parros Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4262560", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Lepley\"\nTyler Lepley Tyler Lepley (born March 24, 1987) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Benjamin \"\"Benny\"\" Young on the Tyler Perry produced \"\"The Have and the Have Nots\"\"; which is the first scripted television series to air on the Oprah Winfrey Network. Lepley was born and raised in Philadelphia by his mother and stepfather, who has been in his life since the age of 6. Lepley is Italian on his mother's side and Jamaican on his biological father's side. Lepley revealed that he was teased as a child because he was the only black kid in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13220712", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nThe Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network. It is the first scripted television series to air on the network. Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night. Each episode is one hour long. \"\"Variety\"\" has recognized \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7341225", "chunk_text": "\"Porsha Ferguson\"\nof Zena. She also starred in \"\"Soul Ties\"\" and in episodes of TV One’s series \"\"Justice: By Any Means\"\" as Detective Johanna Phillips and Investigation Discovery series \"\"Homicide Hunter\"\" as Kathy Crow. Porsha Ferguson Porsha Ferguson (born November 8, 1989) is an African-American actress. She is known for her role Zena on \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and has also appeared in feature films including \"\"Free in Deed\"\", \"\"Breathe\"\", \"\"Closet Space\"\", and \"\"The Last Punch\"\". She has starred in the film \"\"Soul Ties\"\" and episodes of TV One’s channel \"\"Fatal Attraction\"\", \"\"Justice By Any Means\"\" and the Investigation Discovery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15512313", "chunk_text": "\"Colin Salmon\"\nIn September 2010, Salmon was invited by his friend Samuel L. Jackson to Switzerland for \"\"Shooting Stars Benefits 2010 Golf Tournaments\"\". The golf competition raised money for the Samuel L. Jackson Foundation and the Swiss Red Cross to go towards a new hospital in Takéo Province, one of Cambodia's poorest provinces. In 2009 he became a co-founder of Cage Cricket with Trevor McArdle and Lawrence Prittipaul. Colin Salmon Colin Salmon (born 6 December 1962) is a British actor known for playing Charles Robinson in three James Bond films and James \"\"One\"\" Shade in the \"\"Resident Evil\"\" film series. He has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1928782", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Parros\"\nPeter Parros Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long portrayal of Dr. Ben Harris on the CBS soap \"\"As the World Turns.\"\" Peter Parros was born in Brooklyn, New York, but grew up in Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. He became interested in acting and the film industry after holding a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12109110", "chunk_text": "\"Khylin Rhambo\"\nKhylin Rhambo Khylin Trejon Rhambo is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Charles Johnson on the television sitcom \"\"The First Family\"\" and as Mason Hewitt on MTV's show \"\"Teen Wolf\"\". Khylin Trejon Rhambo was born in California in 1996, and has a sister named Faith Rhambo and a brother named Jayden Coleman He started out his career at an early age, modelling for various products such as Lee Jeans, Hasbro, Disney and Mattel Toys, before he became interested in acting at the age of 8 and started attending acting classes. After quickly gaining recognition by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12109112", "chunk_text": "\"Khylin Rhambo\"\nWolf\"\". Khylin Rhambo Khylin Trejon Rhambo is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Charles Johnson on the television sitcom \"\"The First Family\"\" and as Mason Hewitt on MTV's show \"\"Teen Wolf\"\". Khylin Trejon Rhambo was born in California in 1996, and has a sister named Faith Rhambo and a brother named Jayden Coleman He started out his career at an early age, modelling for various products such as Lee Jeans, Hasbro, Disney and Mattel Toys, before he became interested in acting at the age of 8 and started attending acting classes. After quickly gaining recognition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4569887", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas James (actor)\"\ninclude the extreme sports skydiving and surfing as well as standup paddleboarding, snorkelling, hiking, animals and exotic teas. Since 2016, James has been in a relationship with his \"\"Haves and the Have Nots\"\" co-star Tika Sumpter. He is reported to be two years her junior, making him 36 in 2018. James's paternity was kept secret by Sumpter amid press speculation while she was pregnant with their child. Their daughter, Ella-Loren, was born October 8, 2016. \"\"(credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated)\"\" \"\"(credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated)\"\" Nicholas James (actor) Nicholas James (born Nicholas James Muscarella and additionally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102254", "chunk_text": "\"Colin Salmon\"\nColin Salmon Colin Salmon (born 6 December 1962) is a British actor known for playing Charles Robinson in three James Bond films and James \"\"One\"\" Shade in the \"\"Resident Evil\"\" film series. He has had roles on many television series such as \"\"Tales from the Crypt\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Arrow\"\", \"\"Limitless\"\", and \"\"Master of None\"\". He currently plays General Zod on the Syfy series \"\"Krypton\"\". Salmon was born in Bethnal Green, London, England, the son of Sylvia Ivy Brudenell Salmon, a nurse. He grew up in Luton and attended Ramridge Primary School and Ashcroft High School. On leaving school, Salmon became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076040", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nTo Have and Have Not (film) To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American romance-war-adventure film directed by Howard Hawks, loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel of the same name; however, the story was altered for the film. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Walter Brennan and Lauren Bacall in her film debut; it also features Dolores Moran, Hoagy Carmichael, Sheldon Leonard, Dan Seymour, and Marcel Dalio. The plot centers on the romance between a freelancing fisherman in Martinique and a beautiful American drifter which is complicated by the growing French resistance in Vichy France. Ernest Hemingway and Howard Hawks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076044", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nhis fishing boat to tourists, along with his unofficial mate Eddie (Walter Brennan). Eddie is Harry's close friend and one time trusted co-worker, but he has of late become an alcoholic. The island is a tinder-box of dissent, harboring many people sympathetic to Free France. At his hotel home, hotel owner Gérard (Marcel Dalio) (known as \"\"Frenchy\"\" to English speakers) urges Harry to help the French Resistance by smuggling some people off the island. Harry steadfastly refuses, choosing to keep aloof from the current political situation. Also at the hotel, he meets Marie (\"\"Slim\"\") Browning (Lauren Bacall), a young American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6914633", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Henderson\"\nAdam Henderson Adam Henderson is a Canadian voice actor who works for Ocean Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He started doing anime dubs in London, England for Manga Entertainment. He has played several roles in anime, most notably Ledonir Kisaka in \"\"Gundam SEED\"\" and \"\"Gundam SEED Destiny\"\". He also appeared as the character Charles in the 1999 film \"\"Unknown Things\"\" as an antiques agent to a wealthy English collector, named Hoogstraten, played by Paul Rhys, Hoogstraten desired to have things he did not understand. Then, even having paid substantial sums for such antiques, would dispose of them once he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1196298", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Starr\"\nMartin Starr Martin Starr (born Martin James Pflieger Schienle) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for the television roles of Bill Haverchuck on the short-lived comedy-drama \"\"Freaks and Geeks\"\" (1999–2000), Roman DeBeers on the comedy series \"\"Party Down\"\" (2009–2010), and Bertram Gilfoyle in the HBO series \"\"Silicon Valley\"\" (2014–present), as well as for his film roles in \"\"Knocked Up\"\" (2007), \"\"Adventureland\"\" (2009) and \"\"\"\" (2017). Starr was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of actress Jean St. James (née Pflieger) and James Schienle. Of German, British and eastern European descent, he is a Buddhist. Starr was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17683801", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Gower (actor)\"\nfor the documentary Humpty Dumpty together with Stephen Walters. Gower is a self-described \"\"obsessed\"\" Beatles fan. Andrew Gower (actor) Andrew Gower (born 8 November 1989) is an English actor. A staple in British television and theatre, he is best known for his recurring role in \"\"Being Human\"\" and his turn as Prince Charles Stuart in \"\"Outlander\"\". Gower won the Spotlight Prize for Best Actor in 2010. Gower was born in Aintree, Merseyside, near Liverpool in North West England. His early schooling included Davenhill Primary School in Aintree and Great Sankey High School in Cheshire. It was during Year Nine of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4072569", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Keyes\"\nChristian Keyes Christian Keyes (born July 24, 1975) is an American actor & model. Mr. Keyes can currently be seen on BET's In Contempt in the (starring) role of Charlie Riggs. He is also known for his role as Levi Sterling in the Bounce TV prime time soap opera, \"\"Saints & Sinners\"\". Keyes was born in Detroit and raised in Flint. He began his career appearing on stage productions and also worked as model and fitness trainer. He has made his screen debut appearing in small role in 2005 comedy-drama film \"\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\"\" starring Kimberly Elise.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18807665", "chunk_text": "\"Aaron O'Connell\"\ncommercials, including the \"\"Liquid-Plumr\"\" where he caught the eye of Tyler Perry. O'Connell initially thought it was joke when he was contacted by Perry's production company about auditioning for a role in a new television series. Perry contacted O'Connell himself and asked him to audition over Skype. Perry then traveled to Los Angeles to meet with O'Connell about the role of Wyatt on \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". O'Connell was actually the first of the ensemble to be cast. In 2015, he starred in the seasonal comedy for Hallmark Channel \"\"12 Gifts of Christmas\"\" as Marc Rehnquist, a company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20446736", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Mayer (actor)\"\nIn Australia, Charles has appeared at Adelaide Fringe in \"\"I Am My Own Wife\"\" and The Last Time I Saw Richard by Cat Commander, at State Theatre Company of South Australia's Othello, The Popular Mechanicals and The 39 Steps, and with Bluefruit Theatre in Dennis Kelly's Orphans. Charles Mayer (actor) Charles Mayer (born 13 February 1970) is an English actor. Charles Mayer was born in South Tidworth, Hampshire, England, the son of Jennifer-Ann Wright, a retired RAF Intelligence officer and Martin Mayer, an RAF test pilot. He has one elder and one younger sister, with two nieces and two nephews.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13073673", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Sampson\"\n2015 he played various characters in the ITV2 sketch show \"\"Glitchy\"\". In 2015 he also appeared as Charles 'Boz' Dickens in ITV Encore's \"\"The Frankenstein Chronicles\"\". Ryan Sampson Ryan Oliver Sampson (born 28 November 1985 in Rotherham, Yorkshire) is an English actor best known for playing Grumio in the British sitcom \"\"Plebs\"\", for various roles in the comedy sketch show \"\"Glitchy\"\", and for his appearances in \"\"After You've Gone\"\", in which he plays Alex, son of Jimmy Venables (Nicholas Lyndhurst). In 2008 he appeared as Luke Rattigan in two episodes of Doctor Who, \"\"The Sontaran Stratagem\"\" and \"\"The Poison Sky\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4262563", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Lepley\"\na personal trainer at Iron Fitness Gym in Santa Monica. About three months after he settled in Los Angeles, Lepley was discovered by a producer at a boxing gym who invited him to audition. From that meeting, he booked a lead role in an independent horror movie, \"\"Slumber Party Slaughter\"\". Lepley, reluctantly took his agent's advice to get serious about acting and enrolled in acting classes and he soon made appearances in CBS's \"\"\"\" and The CW's \"\"90210\"\". In 2013, he booked the role of Benny on Tyler Perry's \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" after a four month long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4072571", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Keyes\"\n\"\"Note to Self\"\" (2012), \"\"Act Like You Love Me\"\" (2013) and \"\"The Man in 3B\"\" (2015). He also appear in a Tyler Perry's stage plays including \"\"Madea Goes to Jail\"\" and \"\"What's Done in the Dark\"\". In 2016, Keyes was cast as male lead alongside Vanessa Bell Calloway, Gloria Reuben, Jasmine Burke and Clifton Powell in the Bounce TV prime time soap opera, \"\"Saints & Sinners\"\". Christian Keyes Christian Keyes (born July 24, 1975) is an American actor & model. Mr. Keyes can currently be seen on BET's In Contempt in the (starring) role of Charlie Riggs. He is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650513", "chunk_text": "\"Jaclyn Betham\"\nJaclyn Betham Jaclyn Michelle Betham (born July 4, 1986) is an American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Betham is originally from Long Beach, California and is of Samoan, Irish, German, Mexican, and English descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at age 15. Betham went on to perform with Ballet San Jose, Anaheim Ballet, Opera San Jose,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13158076", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\ngiant, Louis Willis. After months of avoiding phone calls from the bank, Frank finally gets a break when Louis hires him to be a handyman at the Willis estate. Rose is elated that her prayers have finally been answered. Frank is cautiously optimistic, but excitedly prepares for his new job as a handyman. That morning at the Willis home, Floyd, the wise-cracking and feisty chef, played by Palmer Williams Jr., is hilariously negative about Rose allowing Frank to work for the wealthy couple. Floyd is convinced that Louis’ much younger wife, Diane, will snatch Frank right from under Rose’s nose.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13024457", "chunk_text": "\"David Armand\"\nDavid Armand David Armand (born David Whitehead in September 1977) is an English comedian, actor and writer who has performed on stage, film, radio and most notably, television, where the shows he has appeared in include \"\"Fast and Loose\"\", \"\"Episodes\"\", \"\"How Not to Live Your Life\"\", \"\"Pulling\"\", \"\"The Armstrong & Miller Show\"\", \"\"Swinging\"\", and \"\"Peep Show\"\". He is one of the writers and stars of the hit CBBC comedy shows \"\"Sorry, I've Got No Head\"\", and \"\"Pixelface\"\". He has also written for shows such as \"\"The Peter Serafinowicz Show\"\" and \"\"Katy Brand's Big Ass Show\"\". Born in the Northamptonshire town", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15450680", "chunk_text": "\"Byrne Offutt\"\nByrne Offutt Byrne Offutt is an American actor. In 1990, three weeks after moving to LA, Byrne Offutt booked the first part he auditioned for playing the boyfriend of Nicole Eggert on \"\"Charles in Charge\"\". In the following 25 years he's had roles in movies, television, commercials, animation, video games, radio, online and on the stage. An award winning actor, Byrne's been inducted into the Museum of Television and Radio's permanent collection for his work on the syndicated radio serial, \"\"Danger Cow\"\". Currently, he can be seen as exactly one half of Bob & Byrne Videos, a comedy project he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076082", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nto 1952, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall participated in a weekly, half-hour radio adventure series called \"\"Bold Venture\"\", intended to be a spin-off of \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\". \"\"Bacall to Arms\"\", is a 1946 Looney Tunes short, spoofing scenes from \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\", and featuring \"\"Bogey Gocart\"\" and \"\"Laurie Becool\"\". It is included as a Special Feature on the DVD release of \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\". Notes Bibliography To Have and Have Not (film) To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American romance-war-adventure film directed by Howard Hawks, loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16579322", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Lack\"\nStephen Lack Stephen Lack (born 1946) is a Canadian painter and a film actor best known for his role as Cameron Vale in David Cronenberg's film \"\"Scanners\"\". Lack was born in 1946 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and gained a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from McGill University in 1967, followed by a Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture at Universidad de Guanajuato, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, in 1969. He lives and works in New York City, and is the father of Asher Lack, front-man of the band Ravens & Chimes. Although he also produces drawings and sculpture, his primary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14023829", "chunk_text": "\"Danielle Deadwyler\"\nDanielle Deadwyler Danielle Deadwyler is an American actress and writer. She is starring as LaQuita \"\"Quita\"\" Maxwell in Tyler Perry’s primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Deadwyler was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and raised in Southwest Atlanta. She received a Master’s of Arts in American Studies from Columbia University. Deadwyler began her career appearing on stage productions, include \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", \"\"The Real Tweenagers of Atlanta\"\", and \"\"For Colored Girls\"\". She received positive reviews for leading performance in Alliance Theatre’s \"\"The C.A. Lyons Project\"\". She made her film debut playing the leading role in the 2012 drama \"\"A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19223888", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Cooper (actor)\"\nAndrew Cooper (actor) Andrew Cooper (born 1981) is an English actor and model. Cooper appeared in an advertisement for Diet Coke in 2013. He has appeared in advertisements for several well known brands including Dunhill, Topman, Georgio Armani, and Paul Smith. Cooper made a move into acting and costarred on the television show \"\"The Royals\"\". He appeared in a Hallmark Channel television movie called \"\"Royal Hearts\"\" in 2018, opposite Cindy Busby and James Brolin. He is married to Jane Cooper. They have 2 children, daughter Taylor (born 2009) and Jackson (born 2011). The couple own a pet store called \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18782657", "chunk_text": "\"Have Nots\"\nHave Nots The Have Nots are a Ska punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, consisting of Jon Cauztik (guitar, vocals), Matt Pruitt (guitar, vocals), Jameson Hollis (bass), and Steve Patton (drums). The band was formed in 2006, combining members of local bands Chicago Typewriter and Stray Bullets. Before ever releasing an album they played shows with Boston ska legends such as The Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Big D and The Kids Table. The band originally released a demo before recording their full-length debut album, 2009's \"\"Serf City USA\"\". Initially a self-release, the album caught the attention of Vinnie Fiorello of Paper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "422808", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Humphrey\"\nSam Humphrey Sam Humphrey (born 24th April 1994) is a New Zealand-born actor from Frankston, Victoria, Australia. He is best known for playing Charles Stratton in the 2017 film \"\"The Greatest Showman\"\". Humphrey was born with a rare genetic disorder called acrodysplasia. As a child he was also diagnosed with the inflammatory bowel condition Crohn's disease and has spent a lifetime visiting hospitals and doctors' offices for operations and tests, and was not expected to reach his teenage years, let alone adulthood. In an interview, he said that he had attempted suicide several times, but with support from his family,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11040549", "chunk_text": "\"Simon Williams (actor)\"\nSimon Williams (actor) Simon Williams (born 16 June 1946) is an English actor known for playing James Bellamy in the period drama \"\"Upstairs, Downstairs\"\". Frequently playing upper middle class or aristocratic upper class roles, he is also known for playing Charles Cartwright in the sitcom \"\"Don't Wait Up\"\" and Charles Merrick in medical drama \"\"Holby City\"\". Since 2014, he has played the character of Justin Elliott in the long-running BBC Radio 4 series \"\"The Archers\"\". Simon Williams was born in Windsor, in 1946; his parents were actor Hugh Williams and actor/model Margaret Vyner. His sister Polly married his \"\"Don't Wait", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1470057", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas James (actor)\"\nown words, “I don’t look too Italian and people trip over that name all the time.” His original surname Muscarella has however appeared as part of one of three variations of his name in film and television credits. James's \"\"Haves and Have Nots\"\" character Officer Justin Lewis has been described as being in a \"\"toxic and codependent\"\" relationship with his series love interest Jeffrey Harrington, according to Gavin Houston, who plays that character. As a heterosexual actor portraying a homosexual character (also the case in his debut film \"\"Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds\"\"), James falls within an area of concern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650515", "chunk_text": "\"Jaclyn Betham\"\n\"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". In 2012, Betham married actor and musician Lane Toran Caudell. Jaclyn Betham Jaclyn Michelle Betham (born July 4, 1986) is an American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Betham is originally from Long Beach, California and is of Samoan, Irish, German, Mexican, and English descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7341223", "chunk_text": "\"Porsha Ferguson\"\nPorsha Ferguson Porsha Ferguson (born November 8, 1989) is an African-American actress. She is known for her role Zena on \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and has also appeared in feature films including \"\"Free in Deed\"\", \"\"Breathe\"\", \"\"Closet Space\"\", and \"\"The Last Punch\"\". She has starred in the film \"\"Soul Ties\"\" and episodes of TV One’s channel \"\"Fatal Attraction\"\", \"\"Justice By Any Means\"\" and the Investigation Discovery series, \"\"Homicide Hunter\"\". Ferguson first appeared on the VH1 series \"\"Single Ladies\"\". In 2014 she made her major acting debut on TV One's series, \"\"Fatal Attraction\"\" following performances in several independent films.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14671698", "chunk_text": "\"Nate Haden\"\nNate Haden Nathaniel \"\"Nate\"\" Richard Haden (born March 9, 1976) is an American actor who appeared in several TV shows. His most well known role is \"\"Louis Thomas\"\" in the TV drama series \"\"Desire (TV series)\"\". Haden grew up in Lincoln, Nebraska as the oldest of four children. He attended private schools from elementary through high school and then went on to study Business Administration at Nebraska Wesleyan University. Haden currently resides in the Los Angeles, California area with his wife. His most recent spots include short television features on \"\"Summerland\"\", \"\"C.S.I. Miami\"\" & \"\"Over There\"\". On September 26, 2003", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11063923", "chunk_text": "\"Allison McAtee\"\nAllison McAtee Allison McAtee (born September 24, 1985) is an American actress, best known for her role as Maggie Day in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and was promoted to the main cast in the fourth season. McAtee was born September 24, 1985 in Erie, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Edinboro. She holds a BA degree in Theater Arts from the University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Sciences. McAtee began her career appearing on stage productions Off-Broadway in NYC, before making her television debut on the ABC daytime soap opera, \"\"One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16046211", "chunk_text": "\"Josh O'Connor\"\n23 January 2017. For his performance, he received a British Independent Film Award for Best Actor. On the stage, he has appeared with the Royal Shakespeare Company in \"\"The Shoemaker's Holiday\"\" and \"\"Oppenheimer\"\", at the Donmar Warehouse in \"\"Versailles\"\" and at Southwark Playhouse in \"\"Farragut North\"\". In July 2018, he was officially added to the cast of international Netflix series \"\"The Crown\"\" to portray Prince Charles in seasons 3 and 4. Josh O'Connor Josh O'Connor (born 20 May 1990) is a British actor. He is known for his portrayal of Johnny Saxby in the 2017 film \"\"God's Own Country\"\", directed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076043", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nbetween Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall on screen. Bogart and Bacall began an off-screen relationship during production and married in 1945, after the film's release. \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\" was one of the top thirty grossing films in 1944 and it received an award from the National Board of Review. In the summer of 1940, world-weary Harry Morgan (Humphrey Bogart) operates a small fishing-boat, the \"\"Queen Conch\"\", in Fort-de-France, on the French colony of Martinique. It is not long since the fall of France and the island is controlled by pro-German Vichy France. Harry makes a modest living chartering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2471869", "chunk_text": "\"Augustus Prew\"\nJonathan W. Prew, a photographer. Prew is openly gay. He married fellow actor Jeffery Self on 13 January 2018 in Culver City, California. Augustus Prew Augustus Prew (born 17 September 1987) is an English film and television actor. He is known for his roles in the films \"\"About a Boy\"\" (2002), \"\"The Secret of Moonacre\"\" (2008), \"\"Charlie St. Cloud\"\" (2010), \"\"The Borgias\"\" (2011), \"\"Kick-Ass 2\"\" (2013), and in the miniseries \"\"Klondike\"\" (2014). He also played Drew Jessup on the TV series \"\"24Seven\"\" (2001–2002), James Bell on the CBS medical drama \"\"Pure Genius\"\" (2016-2017), and David \"\"Whip\"\" Martin on the Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6792310", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Starr\"\n\"\"Drunk History\"\". In 2014 he was cast to play Bertram Gilfoyle in the \"\"HBO\"\" comedy \"\"Silicon Valley\"\". The show garnered several Emmy award nominations for its first two seasons, and he has since reprised his role in the show's fifth season. Martin Starr Martin Starr (born Martin James Pflieger Schienle) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for the television roles of Bill Haverchuck on the short-lived comedy-drama \"\"Freaks and Geeks\"\" (1999–2000), Roman DeBeers on the comedy series \"\"Party Down\"\" (2009–2010), and Bertram Gilfoyle in the HBO series \"\"Silicon Valley\"\" (2014–present), as well as for his film roles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15654485", "chunk_text": "\"Simon Williams (actor)\"\nWorkshop. Simon Williams (actor) Simon Williams (born 16 June 1946) is an English actor known for playing James Bellamy in the period drama \"\"Upstairs, Downstairs\"\". Frequently playing upper middle class or aristocratic upper class roles, he is also known for playing Charles Cartwright in the sitcom \"\"Don't Wait Up\"\" and Charles Merrick in medical drama \"\"Holby City\"\". Since 2014, he has played the character of Justin Elliott in the long-running BBC Radio 4 series \"\"The Archers\"\". Simon Williams was born in Windsor, in 1946; his parents were actor Hugh Williams and actor/model Margaret Vyner. His sister Polly married his \"\"Don't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4267533", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Chun\"\nman who evicts Julie Cooper from Caleb Nichol's home, as a doctor in an episode of \"\"\"\" and as a call-girl obsessed former brother in law of a District Attorney in \"\"Castle\"\"'s second season. He also made a guest star appearance in \"\"Big Time Rush\"\", as Lucy's dad. Charles Chun Charles Chun (born February 28, 1967) is an American actor who has appeared in television shows such as \"\"Criminal Minds, Scrubs\"\", \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", \"\"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\"\" and \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\". He has also appeared in motion pictures such as \"\"Beverly Hills Cop III\"\", \"\"Dumb &", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19909579", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Gower (actor)\"\nAndrew Gower (actor) Andrew Gower (born 8 November 1989) is an English actor. A staple in British television and theatre, he is best known for his recurring role in \"\"Being Human\"\" and his turn as Prince Charles Stuart in \"\"Outlander\"\". Gower won the Spotlight Prize for Best Actor in 2010. Gower was born in Aintree, Merseyside, near Liverpool in North West England. His early schooling included Davenhill Primary School in Aintree and Great Sankey High School in Cheshire. It was during Year Nine of his studies that Gower began acting, appearing in school plays and musical productions. He enrolled in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12756128", "chunk_text": "\"Gavan O'Herlihy\"\nGavan O'Herlihy Gavan O'Herlihy (born July 29, 1951) is an Irish-American actor. He is best known for his role as the first Chuck Cunningham on \"\"Happy Days\"\". O'Herlihy was born in Los Angeles, the son of Irish parents, actor Dan O'Herlihy and his wife, Sandymount native Elsie Bennett. He attended Trinity College, Dublin and as an avid tennis player, he became Irish National Tennis Champion. He has over thirty screen credits to his name, most of them in villainous or antagonistic roles such as \"\"Never Say Never Again\"\", \"\"Superman III\"\", \"\"Death Wish 3\"\" and \"\"The Last Outlaw\"\". His role as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8801071", "chunk_text": "\"Stanley Kamel\"\nStanley Kamel Stanley Kamel (January 1, 1943 – April 8, 2008) was an American actor, best known for his role as Dr. Charles Kroger on the American television series \"\"Monk\"\". Kamel was born to a Jewish family and raised in South River, New Jersey, and attended Rutgers Preparatory School. He started his acting career off-Broadway and broke into television with a role in \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" as Eric Peters. Kamel had a recurring role on \"\"Melrose Place\"\" in 1994 as Bruce Teller, the chief executive officer of D&D Advertising, where Amanda (Heather Locklear) and Allison (Courtney Thorne-Smith) were employed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18495078", "chunk_text": "\"T. J. Ramini\"\n\"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" as Yaniv (in the episode \"\"Mama Spent Money When She Had None\"\"). In 2017 he starred in Prison Break, and later appeared in an episode of the American political drama \"\"Designated Survivor\"\". Ramini is also a screenwriter and has completed the principal photography for his first major film for Universal Studios, titled \"\"Get Lucky\"\". Ramini is engaged to Annie McQueen, a singer-songwriter and producer. They reside in Los Angeles. As a football fan, Ramini is a lifelong Tottenham Hotspur supporter. T. J. Ramini T. J. Ramini (born 26 May 1975) is a British actor known for his role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1338829", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Cooper (actor)\"\nMutz Nutz\"\", a store that is at the heart of the community and aims to work with the various local charities in re-homing unwanted animals. In 2016, he launched a cookbook called \"\"Juice Manifesto\"\" featuring more than 100 recipes for nutritious juices and smoothies. Andrew Cooper (actor) Andrew Cooper (born 1981) is an English actor and model. Cooper appeared in an advertisement for Diet Coke in 2013. He has appeared in advertisements for several well known brands including Dunhill, Topman, Georgio Armani, and Paul Smith. Cooper made a move into acting and costarred on the television show \"\"The Royals\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_786	who wrote the book my country my life?	n/a	[ "L. K. Advani" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2976057", "chunk_text": "\"My Country My Life\"\nMy Country My Life My Country My Life is an autobiographical book by L. K. Advani, an Indian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004, and was the Leader of the Opposition in the 15th Lok Sabha. The book was released on 19 March 2008 by Abdul Kalam, the eleventh President of India. The book has 1,040 pages and narrates autobiographical accounts and events in the life of Advani. It became the best seller book in the non-fiction category and Advani joined Archer as a bestseller author. The book website claims the book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1112502", "chunk_text": "\"My Country\"\nMy Country \"\"My Country\"\" is an iconic patriotic [poem]about [Australia], written by Dorothea Mackellar (1885–1968) at the age of 19 while homesick in the United Kingdom. After travelling through Europe extensively with her father during her teenage years, she started writing the poem in London in 1904 and re-wrote it several times before her return to Sydney. The poem was first published in \"\"The Spectator\"\" in London on 5 September 1908 under the title \"\"Core of My Heart\"\". It was reprinted in many Australian newspapers, quickly becoming well known and establishing Mackellar as a poet. Mackellar's family owned substantial properties", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2976058", "chunk_text": "\"My Country My Life\"\nsold an excess of 1,000,000 copies. The book alongside mentions the event in Indian politics and India's history from 1900 till date. \"\"My Country My Life\"\" is a selfportrait of India's leading political personality — L.K. Advani. This book covers, chronologically, most of all the major and minor events in the life of Advani. My Country My Life presents L.K. Advani's memoirs in five phases. It describes Advani's early life in Sindh, narrating the heart-rending story of India's blood-soaked partition into two separate countries — India and Pakistan — when Britain's colonial rule came to an end. He was one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7168469", "chunk_text": "\"My Country My Life\"\nin June 2005. About the controversy generated by this visit, he says, ‘I have no regrets.’ Writing in the Hindustan Times, Vir Sanghvi remarks that the book is significant note for what it says, but for what it doesn't. He says, \"\"Advani’s strengths and weaknesses are captured in his new book, My Country My Life, (Rupa). It is a readable, rewarding and often racy account of his political career. Written from the heart, it is part-memoir and part-manifesto\"\". Lata Jagtiani in her detailed book review says: \"\"One may or may not agree with the BJP’s view of the direction that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4594002", "chunk_text": "\"My Own Country\"\nof prejudice, from his giving of so much time and comfort, and the unraveling of his own domestic life and from the seeming hopelessness of the situation came a book of such richness and humanity that the story is uplifting and hopeful even as it plumbs the depths of human sadness. The book was adapted for a 1998 TV movie starring Naveen Andrews. My Own Country My Own Country is Abraham Verghese's first book. First published in 1994, it made that year's \"\"New York Times Notable Book\"\" list. It is used in colleges and medical schools throughout North America and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5270667", "chunk_text": "\"My Country My Life\"\nIndia should take in the future, but there are no two opinions, after reading the autobiography, that there are very few in Indian politics with the mettle and character of Advani. Perhaps this book will serve as an inspiration to many who are deeply for the nation but don’t know the high cost and also the high value of power\"\". My Country My Life My Country My Life is an autobiographical book by L. K. Advani, an Indian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004, and was the Leader of the Opposition in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4594000", "chunk_text": "\"My Own Country\"\nMy Own Country My Own Country is Abraham Verghese's first book. First published in 1994, it made that year's \"\"New York Times Notable Book\"\" list. It is used in colleges and medical schools throughout North America and across the world because of the way it communicates the sense of empathy and compassion so often missing in medical school education in an era of high technology and reliance on computers as primary diagnostic tools. \"\"My Own Country\"\" traces the story of a young infectious-disease physician in the mid-80s in Johnson City, Tennessee, who began to treat patients with a then unknown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1112505", "chunk_text": "\"My Country\"\nThe last line of the third stanza, \"\"\"\"And ferns the warm dark soil\"\"\"\" was originally \"\"\"\"And ferns the crimson soil\"\"\"\". Her second anthology, \"\"The Witch Maid & Other Verses\"\", published in 1914, included the original version. A recording of \"\"My Country\"\" made by the radio and TV actor Leonard Teale became so popular in the 1970s that his reading of the first lines of the second stanza were often used to parody him. My Country \"\"My Country\"\" is an iconic patriotic [poem]about [Australia], written by Dorothea Mackellar (1885–1968) at the age of 19 while homesick in the United Kingdom. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11021002", "chunk_text": "\"My Life (Golda Meir autobiography)\"\nMy Life (Golda Meir autobiography) My Life is the autobiography of the first female Prime Minister of Israel, Golda Meir. The book was first published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson with the title \"\"A Land of our own\"\" and later by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1975. The first German translation was published 1973 by the Scherz Verlag in Bern. The book became a \"\"New York Times\"\" best-seller. The title has the double-entendre of a life story and a well-known Jewish expression. The book was well received by Kirkus Reviews who described the book as \"\"both frank and very revealing of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8008778", "chunk_text": "\"Rupa & Co.\"\nRupa & Co. Rupa & Co. (Rupa Publications) is an Indian publishing company based in Kolkata . Rupa Publications was founded in 1936 by D. Mehra at College Street in Calcutta and R. K. Mehra. Also a book distributor and importer, The logo of the company was designed by the film maker Satyajit Ray and he asked for some books as fees for his job. Rupa Publications has published all of Chetan Bhagat's books, \"\"My Country My Life\"\" (the autobiography of L. K. Advani), some of Ramendra Kumar's and Ruskin Bond's books, and has also published \"\"Kaun Banega Crorepati -", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7168458", "chunk_text": "\"My Country My Life\"\nIt also demonstrates how the then prime minister, Indira Gandhi tried to destroy the basic structure of the Constitution, a wrongdoing which her party, the Indian National Congress, has never honestly debated or apologized for. It is the period when Advani emerged as an important national leader. It describes his sterling work in Parliament, and also as the Minister of Information & Broadcasting in the Janata Government (1977–79), in dismantling the legal edifice of dictatorship created during the Emergency. It also provides a penetrating account of the disintegration of the Janata Party and the formation of the Bharatiya Janata Party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1100025", "chunk_text": "\"An American Life\"\nAn American Life An American Life is the 1990 autobiography of former American President Ronald Reagan, ghostwritten by Robert Lindsey. Released almost two years after Reagan left office, the book reached number eight on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. The book is composed of 748 pages, describing Reagan's life from his birth in Tampico, Illinois, to his acting career, marriages, entrance into politics, years as Governor of California, loss in the 1976 Republican primary, and finally his years as President of the United States. Reviewer John O'Sullivan says of Reagan, \"\"[H]e shows a tendency, where other people's feelings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13672129", "chunk_text": "\"In My Country\"\nSouth Africans. Berlin Film Festival 2004 In My Country In My Country is a 2004 drama film directed by John Boorman, starring Samuel L. Jackson and Juliette Binoche. The movie is centered around the story of Afrikaner poet Anna Malan (Binoche) and an American journalist, Langston Whitfield (Jackson), sent to South Africa to report about the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings. The screenplay, written by Ann Peacock, was based on Antjie Krog's memoir \"\"Country of My Skull\"\". A special screening of the film was held for Nelson Mandela in December 2003 in the presence of John Boorman, Juliette", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13672119", "chunk_text": "\"In My Country\"\nIn My Country In My Country is a 2004 drama film directed by John Boorman, starring Samuel L. Jackson and Juliette Binoche. The movie is centered around the story of Afrikaner poet Anna Malan (Binoche) and an American journalist, Langston Whitfield (Jackson), sent to South Africa to report about the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings. The screenplay, written by Ann Peacock, was based on Antjie Krog's memoir \"\"Country of My Skull\"\". A special screening of the film was held for Nelson Mandela in December 2003 in the presence of John Boorman, Juliette Binoche and Robert Chartoff. The film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12557450", "chunk_text": "\"My Country Right or Left\"\nMy Country Right or Left \"\"My Country Right or Left\"\" is an essay published in 1940 by the English author George Orwell. In it Orwell seeks to reconcile his intense feeling of patriotism and his left-wing views. The essay was written after the outbreak of the Second World War at a time when many of Orwell's circle had to reconsider their pacifist views. Orwell was eleven when the First World War broke out. Some of his recollections quoted in the essay he used in the novel \"\"Coming Up for Air\"\" published in 1939. Orwell had a traditional English upper-middle-class upbringing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15537025", "chunk_text": "\"Adewale Maja-Pearce\"\nEzenwa. Adewale Maja-Pearce Adewale Maja-Pearce (born 1953) is an Anglo-Nigerian writer, journalist and critic, who is best known for his documentary essays. He is the author of several books, including the memoirs \"\"In My Father's Country\"\" (1987) and \"\"The House My Father Built\"\" (2014), several other non-fiction titles and a collection of short stories entitled \"\"Loyalties and Other Stories\"\" (1986). Adewale Maja-Pearce was born in London, England, to British and Yoruba parents. He grew up in Lagos, Nigeria, attending St. Gregory's College, Obalende (1965–69), and returned to Britain to be educated at the University College of Wales, Swansea (BA, 1972–75),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1190500", "chunk_text": "\"Life writing\"\nthe late 4th century AD. Margery Kempe, an early 15th-century English woman, is believed to have written the first autobiography in the English language, though it was a production that depended upon the help of scribes. This text provides what could be the best insight into a female, middle class experience in the Middle Ages. Other well-known examples include \"\"Mein Kampf\"\" by Adolf Hitler and \"\"Long Walk to Freedom\"\" by Nelson Mandela. Life writing Life writing is the recording of memories, and experiences, whether one's own or another's. This applies to many genres and practices, under which can be found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6505940", "chunk_text": "\"My Life (Oswald Mosley autobiography)\"\nMy Life (Oswald Mosley autobiography) My Life is the autobiography of the British Fascist leader Sir Oswald Mosley. It was published in 1968. The book was published in 1968. To coincide with the release of the book, the BBC broadcast a \"\"Panorama\"\" special, seen by a record audience. The book was later released in the United States, promotion included Mosley and his wife Diana's appearing on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" in support of the book. The book is structured as a sequential memoir, but it doubles as the author’s personal defence against charges of anti-semitism, as well as a general overview", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15537020", "chunk_text": "\"Adewale Maja-Pearce\"\nAdewale Maja-Pearce Adewale Maja-Pearce (born 1953) is an Anglo-Nigerian writer, journalist and critic, who is best known for his documentary essays. He is the author of several books, including the memoirs \"\"In My Father's Country\"\" (1987) and \"\"The House My Father Built\"\" (2014), several other non-fiction titles and a collection of short stories entitled \"\"Loyalties and Other Stories\"\" (1986). Adewale Maja-Pearce was born in London, England, to British and Yoruba parents. He grew up in Lagos, Nigeria, attending St. Gregory's College, Obalende (1965–69), and returned to Britain to be educated at the University College of Wales, Swansea (BA, 1972–75), and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19833836", "chunk_text": "\"My America\"\nMy America My America is a series of fictional diaries of children that take place during significant moments in American history. Created by Scholastic, it is a spin-off of the series, \"\"Dear America\"\", geared toward younger children (grades 3-5). The series covers: Jamestown, the American Revolution, the American Civil War, Westward Expansion, Underground Railroad, and slavery. Each topic has three books and is authored by a different writer. Writers include well respected and popular children's authors, such as Mary Pope Osborne of Magic Tree House fame. The series was discontinued in 2004, but the books continue to be a popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12557456", "chunk_text": "\"My Country Right or Left\"\nreprinted after his death. My Country Right or Left \"\"My Country Right or Left\"\" is an essay published in 1940 by the English author George Orwell. In it Orwell seeks to reconcile his intense feeling of patriotism and his left-wing views. The essay was written after the outbreak of the Second World War at a time when many of Orwell's circle had to reconsider their pacifist views. Orwell was eleven when the First World War broke out. Some of his recollections quoted in the essay he used in the novel \"\"Coming Up for Air\"\" published in 1939. Orwell had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11039451", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom in Exile\"\nfor freedom\"\". Freedom in Exile Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama is the second autobiography of the 14th Dalai Lama, released in 1991. The Dalai Lama's first autobiography, \"\"My Land and My People\"\", was published in 1962, a few years after he reestablished himself in India and before he became an international celebrity. He regards both of the autobiographies as authentic and re-issued \"\"My Land and My People\"\" in 1997 to coincide with the release of the film \"\"Kundun\"\". In the introduction, the Dalai Lama explains that he wrote the book \"\"to counter Chinese claims and misinformation\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1100030", "chunk_text": "\"An American Life\"\nquestioned its historical value and purpose. An American Life An American Life is the 1990 autobiography of former American President Ronald Reagan, ghostwritten by Robert Lindsey. Released almost two years after Reagan left office, the book reached number eight on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. The book is composed of 748 pages, describing Reagan's life from his birth in Tampico, Illinois, to his acting career, marriages, entrance into politics, years as Governor of California, loss in the 1976 Republican primary, and finally his years as President of the United States. Reviewer John O'Sullivan says of Reagan, \"\"[H]e shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9070292", "chunk_text": "\"My Life (Leon Trotsky autobiography)\"\nMy Life (Leon Trotsky autobiography) My Life: An Attempt at an Autobiography (Russian: \"\"Моя Жизнь\"\") is the name of the Russian revolutionary Communist leader Leon Trotsky's autobiography. The book was first published in 1930 and was written in the first year of Trotsky's exile in Turkey. It covers the time from his youth, through the Revolution of 1905, the Revolution of 1917, the Russian Civil War up to his struggle against Stalinism and eventual expulsion from the Communist Party. The Russian/Soviet historian Dmitri Volkogonov claims that Trotsky's \"\"\"\"My Life\"\", must hold pride of place as a work of remarkable self-analysis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "952547", "chunk_text": "\"My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography)\"\nMy Life (Bill Clinton autobiography) My Life is a 2004 autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20, 2001. It was released on June 22, 2004. The book was published by the Knopf Publishing Group and became a bestseller; the book sold in excess of 2,250,000 copies. Clinton had received what was at the time the world's highest book advance fee, $15 million (equivalent to $ million in ). In \"\"My Life\"\", Clinton covered his life chronologically, beginning with his early years in Hope, Arkansas, and his family's move to Hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14441951", "chunk_text": "\"My Country, My Country\"\nMy Country, My Country My Country, My Country is a 2006 documentary film about Iraq under U.S. occupation by the filmmaker Laura Poitras. Laura Poitras spent over eight months working on her own and for some time following a US Army Civil Affairs team during the elections in Iraq filming the documentary. The film shows life in Iraq for average Iraqis under U.S. occupation. Poitras focuses primarily on Dr. Riyadh al-Adhadh, an Iraqi medical doctor, father of six and Sunni political candidate. The film was well received by critics and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12446731", "chunk_text": "\"America, Their America\"\nAmerica, Their America America, Their America (1964) is a personal journal and travelogue by Nigerian writer J. P. Clark. It was written after Clark spent eight months in the United States studying at Princeton University (on a fellowship from which he was terminated). The book has been noted for its fusion of autobiography and travelogue into what one critic called an \"\"autotravography\"\" in the mould of books written by European and English visitors to the United States, such as Kipling's \"\"American Notes\"\". Today the book is sometimes taught in college courses about West African literature and is cited in discussions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11039448", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom in Exile\"\nFreedom in Exile Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama is the second autobiography of the 14th Dalai Lama, released in 1991. The Dalai Lama's first autobiography, \"\"My Land and My People\"\", was published in 1962, a few years after he reestablished himself in India and before he became an international celebrity. He regards both of the autobiographies as authentic and re-issued \"\"My Land and My People\"\" in 1997 to coincide with the release of the film \"\"Kundun\"\". In the introduction, the Dalai Lama explains that he wrote the book \"\"to counter Chinese claims and misinformation\"\" about the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19372539", "chunk_text": "\"Dorothea Mackellar\"\nDorothea Mackellar Isobel Marion Dorothea Mackellar (better known as Dorothea Mackellar), (1 July 1885 – 14 January 1968) was an Australian poet and fiction writer. Her poem \"\"My Country\"\" is widely known in Australia, especially its second stanza, which begins: \"\"\"\"I love a sunburnt country/A land of sweeping plains,/Of ragged mountain ranges,/Of droughts and flooding rains.\"\"\"\" The third child and only daughter of physician and parliamentarian Sir Charles Mackellar and his wife Marion MacKellar (née Buckland), the daughter of Thomas Buckland, she was born in the family home \"\"Dunara\"\" at Point Piper, Sydney, Australia in 1885. Her later home was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15009174", "chunk_text": "\"My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography)\"\nThey were narrators for the Russian National Orchestra's album \"\"Peter and the Wolf/Wolf Tracks\"\". My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography) My Life is a 2004 autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton, who left office on January 20, 2001. It was released on June 22, 2004. The book was published by the Knopf Publishing Group and became a bestseller; the book sold in excess of 2,250,000 copies. Clinton had received what was at the time the world's highest book advance fee, $15 million (equivalent to $ million in ). In \"\"My Life\"\", Clinton covered his life chronologically,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12287033", "chunk_text": "\"My Country, My Country\"\nby US officials. My Country, My Country My Country, My Country is a 2006 documentary film about Iraq under U.S. occupation by the filmmaker Laura Poitras. Laura Poitras spent over eight months working on her own and for some time following a US Army Civil Affairs team during the elections in Iraq filming the documentary. The film shows life in Iraq for average Iraqis under U.S. occupation. Poitras focuses primarily on Dr. Riyadh al-Adhadh, an Iraqi medical doctor, father of six and Sunni political candidate. The film was well received by critics and was nominated for an Academy Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3203673", "chunk_text": "\"My Life and Loves\"\nfor more than $100. Contemporary and historic figures discussed frequently in the book include Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Thomas Carlyle, Joseph Chamberlain, Lord Randolph Churchill, Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Lord Folkestone, William Ewart Gladstone, Heinrich Heine, George Meredith, Charles Stewart Parnell, Cecil Rhodes, Lord Salisbury, Byron Caldwell Smith, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, and many others. The foreword begins, \"\"Here in the blazing heat of an American August, amid the hurry and scurry of New York, I sit down to write my final declaration of Faith, as a preface or foreword to the Story of my Life.\"\" In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11639418", "chunk_text": "\"This Is My Country\"\nThis Is My Country \"\"This Is My Country\"\" is an American patriotic song composed in 1940. The lyrics are by Don Raye and the music is by Al Jacobs. Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians were the first to record the song, in 1942. The song is played at the end of Walt Disney World and Disneyland fireworks shows. The folk song begins slowly, opening with this introductory verse: A second, rarely performed, verse reads, It then swings into a march tempo for the chorus. The song is made notable by the fact that it honors both native-born Americans and immigrants.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3097385", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Francis Smith\"\nSamuel Francis Smith Samuel Francis Smith (October 21, 1808 – November 16, 1895) was an American Baptist minister, journalist, and author. He is best known for having written the lyrics to \"\"My Country, 'Tis of Thee\"\", which he entitled \"\"America\"\". Smith was born in Boston, Massachusetts on October 21, 1808. Smith gave Lowell Mason the lyrics he had written and the song was first performed in public on July 4, 1831, at a children's Independence Day celebration at Park Street Church in Boston. The song, titled \"\"America\"\", was first published by Lowell Mason in \"\"The Choir\"\" in 1832. Smith later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17620870", "chunk_text": "\"My Life (Phil Ochs song)\"\nMy Life (Phil Ochs song) \"\"My Life\"\" is a 1969 song by Phil Ochs, a U.S. singer-songwriter best known for the protest songs he wrote in the 1960s. \"\"My Life\"\" is the fifth song on \"\"Rehearsals for Retirement\"\", an album Ochs recorded in the aftermath of the protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. In the song, Ochs says that his life, which had once been a joy, had become like death to him. In \"\"My Life\"\", Ochs sings \"\"Take everything I own/Take your tap from my phone/And leave my life alone.\"\" Years after his death, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1112504", "chunk_text": "\"My Country\"\n\"\"The Australian condition\"\", as Mackellar's family were of considerable fortune and social favour. The poem reflects the romanticised and somewhat idealised reflection of a writer yearning to be taken back to Gunnedah. The first stanza, lesser-known, refers to England, and the fact that the vast majority of Australians of that era were of British birth or ancestry. The second stanza describes Australia and is amongst the best-known pieces of Australian poetry. In an interview in 1967, Mackellar described her reasons for writing the poem. MacKellar's first anthology of poems, \"\"The Closed Door\"\", published in Australia in 1911, included the poem.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11658912", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Poitras\"\nIn the film, he argues that one of the women accusing him of sexual assault was not credible because she founded Gothenburg’s largest lesbian nightclub. According to Poitras, Assange disapproves of the documentary film because of its depiction of his troubling relationship with women. Laura Poitras Laura Poitras (; born February 2, 1964) is an American director and producer of documentary films. She lives in New York City. Poitras has received numerous awards for her work, including the 2015 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for \"\"Citizenfour\"\", about Edward Snowden, while \"\"My Country, My Country\"\" received a nomination in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2976060", "chunk_text": "\"My Country My Life\"\nwith Advani's life as an RSS pracharak (organiser) in Rajasthan and as an activist of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. An important section in this phase deals with the mutually respectful relationship between Mahatma Gandhi and the RSS. Advani defends the RSS against allegations of its complicity in the murder of Gandhi. It deals with Advani's evolution as a political leader in New Delhi. 'I was asked,' he writes, 'by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, the main ideologue, guide and organiser of the Jana Sangh, to shift my base to Delhi and work as a political aide to Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9319502", "chunk_text": "\"Arts in Australia\"\nClive James. Among the important authors of classic Australian works are the poets Henry Lawson, Banjo Paterson, C J Dennis and Dorothea McKellar. Dennis wrote in the Australian vernacular, while McKellar wrote the iconic patriotic poem\"\" My Country\"\". At one point, Lawson and Paterson contributed a series of verses to \"\"The Bulletin\"\" magazine in which they engaged in a literary debate about the nature of life in Australia. Lawson said Paterson was a romantic and Paterson said Lawson was full of doom and gloom. Lawson is widely regarded as one of Australia's greatest writers of short stories, while Paterson's poems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8066039", "chunk_text": "\"Xavier Herbert\"\nXavier Herbert Xavier Herbert (15 May 190110 November 1984) was an Australian writer best known for his Miles Franklin Award-winning novel \"\"Poor Fellow My Country\"\" (1975). He is considered one of the elder statesmen of Australian literature. He is also known for short story collections and his autobiography \"\"Disturbing Element\"\". Herbert was born Alfred Jackson in Geraldton, Western Australia, in 1901, the illegitimate son of Amy Victoria Scammell and Benjamin Francis Herbert, a Welsh-born engine driver. He was registered at birth as Alfred Jackson, son of John Jackson, auctioneer, with whom his mother had already had two children. Before writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19047098", "chunk_text": "\"That's My Life (My Love and My Home)\"\nThat's My Life (My Love and My Home) \"\"That's My Life (My Love and My Home)\"\" is a 1965 single by Alfred \"\"Freddie\"\" Lennon, who was the father of late music legend John Lennon of The Beatles. Tony Cartwright, co-author of the song, began writing the song in inspiration from Lennon's stories that he told. When released, the song saw commercial success, with Morris Levy of Roulette Records requesting Cartwright to bring Lennon to the United States. However, the song suddenly disappeared from the charts, an action suspected by Cartwright to be executed by his son, John Lennon. All songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18325953", "chunk_text": "\"The Story of My Life (biography)\"\nThe Story of My Life (biography) The Story of My Life, first published in 1903, is Helen Keller's autobiography detailing her early life, especially her experiences with Anne Sullivan. Portions of it were adapted by William Gibson for a 1957 \"\"Playhouse 90\"\" production, a 1959 Broadway play, a 1962 Hollywood feature film, and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's \"\"Black\"\" featuring Amitabh Bachchan in the role of Anne Sullivan. The book is dedicated to inventor Alexander Graham Bell. The dedication reads, \"\"TO ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL; Who has taught the deaf to speak and enabled the listening ear to hear speech from the Atlantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8066043", "chunk_text": "\"Xavier Herbert\"\n\"\"A Tale of Three Portraits.\"\" Xavier Herbert died in 1984, aged 83. Xavier Herbert Xavier Herbert (15 May 190110 November 1984) was an Australian writer best known for his Miles Franklin Award-winning novel \"\"Poor Fellow My Country\"\" (1975). He is considered one of the elder statesmen of Australian literature. He is also known for short story collections and his autobiography \"\"Disturbing Element\"\". Herbert was born Alfred Jackson in Geraldton, Western Australia, in 1901, the illegitimate son of Amy Victoria Scammell and Benjamin Francis Herbert, a Welsh-born engine driver. He was registered at birth as Alfred Jackson, son of John Jackson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250262", "chunk_text": "\"Al-Britannia, My Country\"\nAl-Britannia, My Country Al-Britannia, My Country is a 2017 book by Scottish journalist and author James Fergusson investigating Islam in the United Kingdom. \"\"Al-Britannia, My Country\"\" is an exploration of British Muslim communities amidst rising racial and religious tensions in the United Kingdom. It examines the links between Muslim communities and poverty, government surveillance and social and religious conflicts on issues such as sex and feminism. Christopher de Bellaigue, writing for \"\"The Guardian\"\" described \"\"Al-Britannia, My Country\"\" as a \"\"compelling and compassionate survey of British Islam\"\" and describes Fergusson as \"\"well placed to discuss the issues of identity, inclusion and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7035929", "chunk_text": "\"Stoyan Christowe\"\nthe military government crackdown on the IMRO. In the 1930s Stoyan moved to New York City and spent ten years penning articles and writing book reviews for major magazines of the day, like the \"\"Dial\"\", the Story Magazine, Harper's Bazaar and myriad of others, establishing himself as a respected author and critic. Stoyan's fourth book, \"\"This is My Country\"\", was in fact found on president Franklin D. Roosevelt bedside table when he died, a present from his wife Eleanor. In his thirties Stoyan began a quest to untangle his roots. He had struggled with the issue of his identity since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12819047", "chunk_text": "\"This Is My Country\"\nThe first chorus reads: While the second chorus (sung on a repeat, as the introduction is usually not repeated) instead reads: Both versions join together at the ending: This Is My Country \"\"This Is My Country\"\" is an American patriotic song composed in 1940. The lyrics are by Don Raye and the music is by Al Jacobs. Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians were the first to record the song, in 1942. The song is played at the end of Walt Disney World and Disneyland fireworks shows. The folk song begins slowly, opening with this introductory verse: A second, rarely performed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6000076", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Mahmoody\"\nBetty Mahmoody Betty Mahmoody (born June 9, 1945 in Alma, Michigan) is an American author and public speaker best known for her book, \"\"Not Without My Daughter\"\", which was subsequently made into a film of the same name. She is the President and co-founder of \"\"One World: For Children\"\", an organization that promotes understanding between cultures and strives to offer security and protection to children of bi-cultural marriages. Her book \"\"Not Without My Daughter\"\" is an account of her experiences in 1984–86, when she left Alpena, Michigan, to go to Iran with her husband and daughter for what she was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3517634", "chunk_text": "\"Philippa Pullar\"\nPhilippa Pullar Philippa Pullar (12 February 1935, in London – 7 September 1997 in London) was a British author and jet set personality best remembered for her exhaustively-researched 1975 biography of the Irish-American author Frank Harris. The biography involved great amounts of traveling and research, not least because Harris had intricately woven fact and fiction in his famous five-volume autobiography, \"\"My Life and Loves\"\". Born Philippa King, she was daughter of an army major. She married Robert Pullar in 1958 and they had two sons. The marriage did not last and was dissolved before he died in 1996. In later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7712968", "chunk_text": "\"La razón de mi vida\"\nLa razón de mi vida La Razón de mi vida (literal translation: \"\"The Reason for My Life\"\") is the autobiography of Eva Perón, First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. Published in 1951 shortly before Eva Perón's death, it became one of the fastest selling books in Argentine history. Written in a conversational tone, it is largely a compilation of her speeches. Eva Perón shares her perspectives on feminism and the role of women in political life, labor rights, poverty, and, of course, Peronism, the political movement founded by her husband Juan Perón. In 1952, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1089596", "chunk_text": "\"Songs of My People\"\nSongs of My People Songs of My People was a book, exhibition and multimedia project created and edited by organizers Eric Easter, Dudley M. Brooks and D. Michael Cheers. The book was published in February 1992 by Little, Brown, with an introduction by famed African American photographer Gordon Parks. The project was named after an essay by Paul Robeson. It was launched in January 1990 as an attempt to record African American life through the eyes of 50 prominent African American photographers. It was defined as an effort to deliver balanced images of African Americans in response to what the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_787	when did the east india company take control of india?	n/a	[ "in 1757", "1757", "1799", "1612" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946495", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nto rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj. Despite frequent government intervention, the company had recurring problems with its finances. It was dissolved in 1874 as a result of the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act passed one year earlier, as the Government of India Act", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7806144", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nand had only indirect control until 1657 when permanent joint stock was established. During its first century of operation, the focus of the company was trade, not the building of an empire in India. Company interests turned from trade to territory during the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined in power and the East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, the French East India Company (\"\"Compagnie française des Indes orientales\"\") during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. The battles of Plassey and Buxar, in which the British defeated the Bengali powers, left the company in control", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13073334", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nEast India Company The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, Company Bahadur, or simply The Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with Mughal India and the East Indies (Maritime Southeast Asia), and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonized parts of Southeast Asia, and colonized Hong Kong after a war with Qing China. Originally chartered as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946514", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\n(later known as the East India Company Act 1773), the Parliament of Great Britain imposed a series of administrative and economic reforms; this clearly established Parliament's sovereignty and ultimate control over the company. The Act recognised the company's political functions and clearly established that the \"\"acquisition of sovereignty by the subjects of the Crown is on behalf of the Crown and not in its own right\"\". Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the company's shareholders, the Act passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed British India to be formally under the control of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14523673", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nCompany rule in India Company rule in India (sometimes, Company \"\"Raj\"\", \"\"\"\"raj\"\", lit. \"\"rule\"\" in Hindi) refers to the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when Mir Jafar, the new Nawab of Bengal enthroned by Robert Clive, became a puppet in the Company's hands; in 1765, when the Company was granted the \"\"diwani\"\", or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14523676", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nRaj. The English East India Company (\"\"the Company\"\") was founded in 1600, as \"\"The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies\"\". It gained a foothold in India with the establishment of a factory in Masulipatnam on the Eastern coast of India in 1611 and the grant of the rights to establish a factory in Surat in 1612 by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. In 1640, after receiving similar permission from the Vijayanagara ruler farther south, a second factory was established in Madras on the southeastern coast. Bombay island, not far from Surat, a former Portuguese outpost gifted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14523674", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nGovernor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance. By 1818, with the defeat of the Marathas, followed by the pensioning of the Peshwa and the annexation of his territories, British supremacy in India was complete. The East India Company was a private company owned by stockholders and reporting to a board of directors in London. Originally formed as a monopoly on trade, it increasingly took on governmental powers with its own army and judiciary. It seldom turned a profit, as employees diverted funds into their own pockets. The British government had little control, and there was increasing anger at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256379", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nin India. The British East India Company extended its control over the whole of Bengal. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the company acquired the rights of administration in Bengal from de jure Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II; this marked the beginning of its formal rule, which within the next century engulfed most of India. The British East India Company monopolised the trade of Bengal. They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structure in Bengal, often with taluqdars and zamindars set in place. As a result of the three Carnatic Wars, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7806192", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nin the fourth Anglo-Mysore war during which Tipu Sultan was killed. The last vestiges of local administration were restricted to the northern regions of Delhi, Oudh, Rajputana, and Punjab, where the company's presence was ever increasing amidst infighting and offers of protection among the remaining princes. The hundred years from the Battle of Plassey in 1757 to the Indian Rebellion of 1857 were a period of consolidation for the company, during which it seized control of the entire Indian subcontinent and functioned more as an administrator and less as a trading concern. A cholera pandemic began in Bengal, then spread", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9050761", "chunk_text": "\"Economy of India under Company rule\"\nEconomy of India under Company rule The Economy of India under Company rule describes the economy of those regions (contemporaneously British India) that fell under Company rule in India during the years 1757 to 1858. The British East India Company began ruling parts of the Indian subcontinent beginning with the Battle of Plassey, which led to the conquest of Bengal Subah and the founding of the Bengal Presidency, before the Company expanded across most of the subcontinent up until the Indian Rebellion of 1857. A number of historians point to the colonization of India as a major factor in both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946533", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nwith both positive and harmful effects. Although dissolved by the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873 following the rebellion of 1857, it stimulated the growth of the British Empire. Its armies were to become the armies of British India after 1857, and it played a key role in introducing English as an official language in India. This also led to Macaulayism in the Indian subcontinent. Once the East India Company took over Bengal in the treaty of Allahabad (1765) it collected taxes which it used to further its expansion to the rest of India and did not have to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256380", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nBritish East India Company gained exclusive control over the entire Carnatic region of India. The Company soon expanded its territories around its bases in Bombay and Madras; the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and later the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) led to control of vast regions of India. Ahom Kingdom of North-east India first fell to Burmese invasion and then to the British after the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826; concurrently, the Burmese invasions also lead the Kingdom of Manipur to seek British protectorate in 1824, however, it was after the Anglo-Manipur War of 1891 did it become part of the British Empire.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946494", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nof Bengal and a major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the extent of the territories under its control, controlling the majority of the Indian subcontinent either directly or indirectly via local puppet rulers under the threat of force by its Presidency armies, much of which were composed of native Indian sepoys. By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000—twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2852803", "chunk_text": "\"India–United Kingdom relations\"\nin 1757 led to the conquest of Bengal while by 1857, following various treaties and wars with Indian kingdoms (such as the Anglo-Mysore Wars with Tipu Sultan, the Anglo-Maratha Wars and the Anglo-Sikh wars), the East India Company controlled most of the Indian subcontinent. Following the Indian Mutiny of 1857, where Indian sepoys rebelled against their British officers, the East India Company was dissolved the following year. The assets of the British East India Company became so huge that the British government decided to step in. India served as the main base for the British Empire's expansion across Asia and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788501", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nthe Indian Mutiny or Sepoy Mutiny) resulted in widespread devastation in India: many condemned the East India Company for permitting the events to occur. In the aftermath of the Rebellion, under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1858, the British Government nationalised the company. The Crown took over its Indian possessions, its administrative powers and machinery, and its armed forces. The company remained in existence in vestigial form, continuing to manage the tea trade on behalf of the British Government (and the supply of Saint Helena) until the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873 came into effect,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10033635", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\non 1 January 1874. This Act provided for the formal dissolution of the company on 1 June 1874, after a final dividend payment and the commutation or redemption of its stock. \"\"The Times\"\" commented on 8 April 1873: In the 1980s, a group of investors purchased the rights to the moribund corporate brand and founded a clothing company, which lasted until the 1990s. The corporate vestiges were again purchased by another group of investors who opened their first store in 2010. The company's headquarters in London, from which much of India was governed, was East India House in Leadenhall Street.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9854557", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial India\"\nviewed as its most important colony and the key to the rest of Asia. The East India Company drove the expansion of the British Empire in Asia. The company's army had first joined forces with the Royal Navy during the Seven Years' War, and the two continued to cooperate in arenas outside India: the eviction of Napoleon from Egypt (1799), the capture of Java from the Netherlands (1811), the acquisition of Singapore (1819) and Malacca (1824), and the defeat of Burma (1826). From its base in India, the company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3942061", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nto historian Ian Stone: It was the largest canal ever attempted in the world, five times greater in its length than all the main irrigation lines of Lombardy and Egypt put together, and longer by a third than even the largest USA navigation canal, the Pennsylvania Canal. Company rule in India Company rule in India (sometimes, Company \"\"Raj\"\", \"\"\"\"raj\"\", lit. \"\"rule\"\" in Hindi) refers to the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when Mir Jafar, the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13356282", "chunk_text": "\"East India House\"\nEast India House East India House was the London headquarters of the East India Company, from which much of British India was governed until the British government took control of the Company's possessions in India in 1858. It was located in Leadenhall Street in the City of London. The first East India House on the site was an Elizabethan mansion, previously known as Craven House, which the Company first occupied in 1648. This was completely rebuilt in 1726–29; and further remodelled and extended in 1796–1800. It was demolished in 1861. The Lloyd's building, headquarters for Lloyd's of London, was built", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19179069", "chunk_text": "\"Emperor of India\"\nEmperor of India Emperor/Empress of India (Kaisar-i-Hind, , ) was a title used by British monarchs from 1 May 1876 (see Royal Titles Act 1876) to 22 June 1948. After the nominal Mughal Emperor was deposed at the conclusion of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (10 May 1857 - 1 November 1858), the government of the United Kingdom decided to transfer control of British India and its princely states from the mercantile East India Company (EIC) to the Crown, thus marking the beginning of the British Raj. The EIC was officially dissolved on 1 June 1874, and the British Prime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19895390", "chunk_text": "\"History of the British Raj\"\nHistory of the British Raj The history of the British Raj refers to the period of British rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who in 1876 was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when the British provinces of India were partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the \"\"Dominion of India\"\" and the \"\"Dominion of Pakistan\"\", leaving the princely states to choose between them. The two new dominions later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788433", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\non 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies. Before them the Portuguese Estado da Índia had traded there for much of the 16th century and the first of half a dozen Dutch Companies sailed to trade there from 1595. These Dutch companies amalgamated in March 1602 into the United East Indies Company (VOC), which introduced the first permanent joint stock from 1612 (meaning investment into shares did not need to be returned, but could be traded on a stock exchange). By contrast, wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the EIC's shares. Initially the government owned no shares", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10033648", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\na big pension but lose the throne. The British East India Company gradually took over most of India by threat, intimidation, bribery or outright war. The East India Company was the first company to record the Chinese usage of orange-flavoured tea, which led to the development of Earl Grey tea. The East India Company introduced a system of merit-based appointments that provided a model for the British and Indian civil service. Widespread corruption and looting of Bengal resources and treasures during its rule resulted in poverty. Famines, such as the Great Bengal famine of 1770 and subsequent famines during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713935", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\nto the colony. It arrived in January 1788. India was not directly ruled by the British government, instead certain parts were seized by the East India Company, a private, for-profit corporation, with its own army. The \"\"John Company\"\" (as it was nicknamed) took direct control of half of India and built friendly relations with the other half, which was controlled by numerous local princes. Its goal was trade, and vast profits for the Company officials, not the building of the British empire. Company interests expanded during the 18th century to include control of territory as the old Mughal Empire declined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8974972", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nCis-Sutlej Hill States (1815), Central India Agency (1819), Cutch and Gujarat Gaikwad territories (1819), Rajputana (1818), and Bahawalpur (1833). The area encompassed by modern India was significantly fractured following the decline of the Mughal Empire in the first half of the 18th century Until Clive's victory at Plassey, the East India Company territories in India, which consisted largely of the presidency towns of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, were governed by the mostly autonomous—and sporadically unmanageable—\"\"town councils\"\", all composed of merchants. The councils barely had enough powers for the effective management of their local affairs, and the ensuing lack of oversight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7806163", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nthe Indian Ocean. The company achieved a major victory over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally in 1612, at Suvali in Surat. The company decided to explore the feasibility of gaining a territorial foothold in mainland India, with official sanction from both Britain and the Mughal Empire, and requested that the Crown launch a diplomatic mission. In 1612, James I instructed Sir Thomas Roe to visit the Mughal Emperor Nur-ud-din Salim Jahangir (r. 1605–1627) to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and establish factories in Surat and other areas. In return,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946491", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\n\"\"Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies\"\", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, spices, saltpetre, tea, and opium. The company also ruled the beginnings of the British Empire in India. In his speech to the House of Commons in July 1833, Lord Macaulay explained that since the beginning, the East India company had always been involved in both trade and politics, just as its French and Dutch counterparts had been. The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3265844", "chunk_text": "India\ngave rise to new Indian commercial and political elites along the coasts of southern and eastern India. As the empire disintegrated, many among these elites were able to seek and control their own affairs. By the early 18th century, with the lines between commercial and political dominance being increasingly blurred, a number of European trading companies, including the English East India Company, had established coastal outposts. The East India Company's control of the seas, greater resources, and more advanced military training and technology led it to increasingly flex its military muscle and caused it to become attractive to a portion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8713936", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\nin power and the East India Company battled for the spoils with the French East India Company (\"\"Compagnie française des Indes orientales\"\") during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. Victories at the Battle of Plassey and Battle of Buxar by Robert Clive gave the Company control over Bengal and made it the major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the extent of territories under its control, ruling either directly or in cooperation with local princes. Although Britain itself only had a small standing army, the Company had a large and well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13073361", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nEventually, the East India Company seized control of Bengal and slowly the whole Indian subcontinent with its private armies, composed primarily of Indian sepoys. As historian William Dalrymple observes, In 1613, during the rule of Tokugawa Hidetada of the Tokugawa shogunate, the British ship \"\"Clove\"\", under the command of Captain John Saris, was the first British ship to call on Japan. Saris was the chief factor of the EIC's trading post in Java, and with the assistance of William Adams, a British sailor who had arrived in Japan in 1600, he was able to gain permission from the ruler to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10033621", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\n1857 and the company ceased to exist when the company dissolved through the East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873. In the 18th century, Britain had a huge trade deficit with Qing dynasty China and so, in 1773, the company created a British monopoly on opium buying in Bengal, India, by prohibiting the licensing of opium farmers and private cultivation. The monopoly system established in 1799 continued with minimal changes until 1947. As the opium trade was illegal in China, Company ships could not carry opium to China. So the opium produced in Bengal was sold in Calcutta on condition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7806180", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\ntrade by the company in India until 1783, in return for a further loan of £1 million. Between 1756 and 1763, the Seven Years' War diverted the state's attention towards consolidation and defence of its territorial possessions in Europe and its colonies in North America. The war took place on Indian soil, between the company troops and the French forces. In 1757, the Law Officers of the Crown delivered the Pratt-Yorke opinion distinguishing overseas territories acquired by right of conquest from those acquired by private treaty. The opinion asserted that, while the Crown of Great Britain enjoyed sovereignty over both,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2618147", "chunk_text": "\"Political warfare in British colonial India\"\nPolitical warfare in British colonial India Political warfare in British colonial India aided a British minority in maintaining control over large parts of present-day India, Pakistan, and Burma. The East India Company obtained a foothold in India in 1695 and from that start expanded the territory it controlled until it was the primary power in the subcontinent. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the British Government nationalised the Company creating the British Raj. The Company lost all its administrative powers; its Indian possessions, including its armed forces, were taken over by the Crown pursuant to the provisions of the Government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "592653", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company (video game)\"\nEast India Company (video game) East India Company is a real-time strategy video game developed by Finnish company Nitro Games and published by Paradox Interactive. It was released on July 31, 2009 in North America and on August 14, 2009 in Europe. The game is based on the history of European conquest of South Asia and Southeast Asia by means of their East India Companies. In the game, the player takes on the role of the Governor Director of the East Indies. The task is to conquer India and establish a trade empire to rule over all others. The game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9022932", "chunk_text": "\"India Office Records\"\nearly 18th century, and eventually came to hold large swaths of land in the subcontinent. In the mid-18th century, the Company began to undertake a governmental role in large parts of India, in order to organize the nascent colony to better facilitate trade. In an effort to increase its own involvement in the administration of India, the British Government passed Pitt's India Act in 1784, which established the Board of Control to direct the East India Company in its governing role. In 1858, in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British government abolished the East India Company's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8974983", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nBurke's effort had the effect of creating a sense of responsibility in British public life for the Company's dominion in India. Soon rumblings appeared amongst merchants in London that the monopoly granted to the East India Company in 1600, intended to facilitate its competition against Dutch and French in a distant region, was no longer needed. In response, in the Charter Act of 1813, the British Parliament renewed the Company's charter but terminated its monopoly except with regard to tea and trade with China, opening India both to private investment and missionaries. With increased British power in India, supervision of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13073341", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nhad by then rendered it vestigial, powerless, and obsolete. The official government machinery of British India assumed the East India Company's governmental functions and absorbed its navy and its armies in 1858. Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, the captured Spanish and Portuguese ships with their cargoes enabled English voyagers to potentially travel the globe in search of riches. London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The aim was to deliver a decisive blow to the Spanish and Portuguese monopoly of Far Eastern Trade. Elizabeth granted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19637326", "chunk_text": "\"History of colonialism\"\nin India. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the Company acquired the civil rights of administration in Bengal from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II; it marked the beginning of its formal rule, which was to engulf eventually most of India and extinguish the Moghul rule and dynasty itself in less than a century. The East India Company monopolized the trade of Bengal. They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structurea (See \"\"Zamindar\"\") in Bengal. By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7635719", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\ncontrol over large areas of the Indian subcontinent. From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company of the British Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of rapid development of infrastructure, economic decline and major famines. During the first half of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched with the leading party involved being the Indian National Congress which was later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2852804", "chunk_text": "\"India–United Kingdom relations\"\nwould remain the empire's most important colony until independence. Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1876. From a small trading outpost, India became the jewel in the British crown. In 1858, the British Government took control of the territories and treaty arrangements of the former East India Company. In 1876, the area, which included modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, became \"\"the Indian Empire\"\" (often known historically as the \"\"British Raj\"\") with British Monarch Queen Victoria proclaimed as \"\"Empress of India\"\" (a title held by her successors until 1947). The British Indian Army was established and assisted Britain in many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13392277", "chunk_text": "\"New Imperialism\"\nthe East India Company. The British East India Company annexed most of the subcontinent of India, starting with Bengal in 1757 and ending with Punjab in 1849. Many princely states remained independent. This was aided by a power vacuum formed by the collapse of the Mughal Empire in India and the death of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and increased British forces in India because of colonial conflicts with France. The invention of clipper ships in the early 1800s cut the trip to India from Europe in half from 6 months to 3 months; the British also laid cables on the floor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18051593", "chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (India)\"\noutposts in the Indian subcontinent by the 17th century. Through overwhelming military strength, the British East India company subdued local kingdoms and established themselves as the dominant force by the 18th century. Following the First War of Independence of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led the British Crown to assume direct control of India. In the decades following, civic society gradually emerged across India, most notably the Indian National Congress Party, formed in 1885. The period after World War I was marked by British reforms such as the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, but it also witnessed the enactment of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8719406", "chunk_text": "\"East India House\"\ndemolished. The site is now occupied by the Lloyd's building. Many of the old building's fittings, art collection and furniture were saved: some are now to be found in India House, the seat of the Indian High Commission in London; while other items are held by the British Library as part of its Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections. East India House East India House was the London headquarters of the East India Company, from which much of British India was governed until the British government took control of the Company's possessions in India in 1858. It was located in Leadenhall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15794037", "chunk_text": "India\ncurtailed by the British parliament and effectively having been made an arm of British administration, the company began to more consciously enter non-economic arenas such as education, social reform, and culture. Historians consider India's modern age to have begun sometime between 1848 and 1885. The appointment in 1848 of Lord Dalhousie as Governor General of the East India Company set the stage for changes essential to a modern state. These included the consolidation and demarcation of sovereignty, the surveillance of the population, and the education of citizens. Technological changes—among them, railways, canals, and the telegraph—were introduced not long after their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15551878", "chunk_text": "Corporation\ngrandest society of merchants in the universe\"\", the English East India Company would come to symbolize the dazzlingly rich potential of the corporation, as well as new methods of business that could be both brutal and exploitative. On 31 December 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted the company a 15-year monopoly on trade to and from the East Indies and Africa. By 1711, shareholders in the East India Company were earning a return on their investment of almost 150 per cent. Subsequent stock offerings demonstrated just how lucrative the Company had become. Its first stock offering in 1713–1716 raised £418,000, its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8974968", "chunk_text": "\"Company rule in India\"\nof Plassey and another victory in the 1764 Battle of Buxar (in Bihar), consolidated the Company's power, and forced emperor Shah Alam II to appoint it the \"\"diwan\"\", or revenue collector, of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. The Company thus became the de facto ruler of large areas of the lower Gangetic plain by 1773. It also proceeded by degrees to expand its dominions around Bombay and Madras. The Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–99) and the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) left it in control of large areas of India south of the Sutlej River. With the defeat of the Marathas, no native power represented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256377", "chunk_text": "\"History of India\"\nEuropean powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondichéry and Chandernagore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu. In 1617 the British East India Company was given permission by Mughal Emperor Jahangir to trade in India. Gradually their increasing influence led the \"\"de jure\"\" Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar to grant them \"\"dastaks\"\" or permits for duty-free trade in Bengal in 1717. The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah, the \"\"de facto\"\" ruler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3408345", "chunk_text": "\"Joint-stock company\"\n(later British) East India Company was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created \"\"Honourable East India Company\"\" a 15-year monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one that ruled India and exploited its resources, as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution. Soon afterwards, in 1602, the Dutch East India Company issued shares that were made tradable on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. That invention enhanced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946512", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nthe vast expanse of the captured territories. The Bengal famine of 1770, in which one-third of the local population died, caused distress in Britain. Military and administrative costs mounted beyond control in British-administered regions in Bengal because of the ensuing drop in labour productivity. At the same time, there was commercial stagnation and trade depression throughout Europe. The directors of the company attempted to avert bankruptcy by appealing to Parliament for financial help. This led to the passing of the Tea Act in 1773, which gave the company greater autonomy in running its trade in the American colonies, and allowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10033628", "chunk_text": "\"East India Company\"\nto the Government of India Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4 c. 85). The Act: British influence continued to expand; in 1845, Great Britain purchased the Danish colony of Tranquebar. The company had at various stages extended its influence to China, the Philippines, and Java. It had solved its critical lack of cash needed to buy tea by exporting Indian-grown opium to China. China's efforts to end the trade led to the First Opium War (1839–1842). The English Education Act by the Council of India in 1835 reallocated funds from the East India Company to spend on education and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_788	where does the water come from to fill lake eyre?	n/a	[ "Warburton River" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335682", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nLake Eyre Lake Eyre ( ), officially known as Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, contains the lowest natural point in Australia, at approximately below sea level (AHD), and, on the rare occasions that it fills, is the largest lake in Australia covering . The shallow endorheic lake is the depocentre of the vast Lake Eyre basin and is found in Northern South Australia, some north of Adelaide. When the lake is full, it has the same salinity level as the sea, but as the lake dries up and the water evaporates, salinity increases. The lake was named in honour of Edward John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335668", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nLake Eyre Lake Eyre ( ), officially known as Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, contains the lowest natural point in Australia, at approximately below sea level (AHD), and, on the rare occasions that it fills, is the largest lake in Australia covering . The shallow endorheic lake is the depocentre of the vast Lake Eyre basin and is found in Northern South Australia, some north of Adelaide. When the lake is full, it has the same salinity level as the sea, but as the lake dries up and the water evaporates, salinity increases. The lake was named in honour of Edward John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18812156", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nLake Eyre basin The Lake Eyre basin ( ) is a drainage basin that covers just under one-sixth of all Australia. The Lake Eyre Basin is the largest endorheic basin in Australia and amongst the largest in the world, covering about , including much of inland Queensland, large portions of South Australia and the Northern Territory, and a part of western New South Wales. The deserts that have formed in the basin, including Sturt Stony Desert, Tirari Desert and the Strzelecki Desert, are most probably the southern hemisphere's largest source of airborne dust. The basin is also one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335674", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\npresence of beta-carotene pigment caused by the algae \"\"Dunaliella salina\"\". Typically a flood occurs every three years, a flood every decade, and a fill or near fill a few times a century. The water in the lake soon evaporates with a minor or medium flood drying by the end of the following summer. Most of the water entering the lakes arrives via Warburton River. In strong La Niña years the lake can fill. Since 1885 this has occurred in 1886–1887, 1889–1890, 1916–1917, 1950, 1955, 1974–1977, and 1999–2001, with the highest flood of in 1974. Local rain can also fill Kati", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335669", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nEyre, who was the first European to see it, in 1840. The lake's official name was changed in December 2012 to combine the name \"\"Lake Eyre\"\" with the indigenous name, Kati Thanda. The native title over the lake and surrounding region is held by the Arabana people. Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre is in the deserts of central Australia, in northern South Australia. The Lake Eyre Basin is a large endorheic system surrounding the lakebed, the lowest part of which is filled with the characteristic salt pan caused by the seasonal expansion and subsequent evaporation of the trapped waters. Even in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335670", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\ndry season there is usually some water remaining in Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre, normally collecting in over 200 smaller sub-lakes within its margins. The lake was formed by aeolian processes after tectonic upwarping occurred to the south subsequent to the end of the Pleistocene epoch. During the rainy season, rivers from the north-east part of the Lake Eyre Basin (in outback (south-west and central) Queensland) flow towards the lake through the Channel Country. The amount of water from the monsoon determines whether water will reach the lake and if it does, how deep the lake will get. The average rainfall in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097183", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nwith water and largely forested. About 20 million years ago, large shallow lakes formed, covering much of the area for about 10 million years. From that time on, as Australia drifted further north and the climate became gradually more arid, the lakes and floodplains started to dry. Only in the last 2.6 million years did the onset of the ice ages bring about the present climatic regime and the consequent fairly rapid desertification of the area. Significant minerals deposits such as oil and natural gas, including Australia's most significant onshore petroleum reserves, are found within the basin. The mining and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16606326", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nbasin, below sea level, at Lake Eyre. Significant mineral deposits can be found in the basin. In 2004 the Lake Eyre Basin Intergovernmental Agreement was formed after concerns with the management of four separate state governments was raised as problems in the Murray-Darling basin arose. The basin began to form in the early Paleogene (about 60 million years ago) when south-eastern South Australia started to sink and rivers began to deposit sediment into the large, shallow basin. The basin is still gradually sinking, and still gradually accumulating sediment. For many millions of years, the Lake Eyre Basin was well supplied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16607264", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nare proposed to divert river or sea water into the Lake Eyre Basin from time-to-time. A total of 27 individual species of fish are found in Lake Eyre basin, 13 of them are endemic. The largest fish species is the Macquaria, reaching a maximum weight of about . Lake Eyre basin The Lake Eyre basin ( ) is a drainage basin that covers just under one-sixth of all Australia. The Lake Eyre Basin is the largest endorheic basin in Australia and amongst the largest in the world, covering about , including much of inland Queensland, large portions of South Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18813107", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nRiver that flow from the south east of the Northern Territory, south. In the western parts of the basin the Neales River and Macumba River flow into Lake Eyre. Rivers within the basin have a low gradient, slow flow rate and a naturally turbid water quality. Several of the major Lake Eyre Basin river systems are well-known. Because the Lake Eyre Basin is almost flat, rivers flow slowly and frequently split up into floodplains or multiple braided channels. Water is lost to evaporation, to seepage, and in the many ephemeral wetland systems, with the result that downstream flows are typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16607261", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nthe Barcoo in the area around Barcaldine, about inland from Rockhampton. Cooper Creek spreads out into a vast area of meandering ephemeral channels, making its way roughly south into the far south-west corner of Queensland before turning due west into South Australia towards Lake Eyre. It takes almost a year for water to reach Lake Eyre from the headwaters. In most years, none does: it is absorbed into the earth, goes to fill channels and the many permanent waterholes, or simply evaporates. Water from Cooper Creek reached Lake Eyre in 1990 and then not again until 2010. Management of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335673", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\na rate of evaporation per day, a viaduct flowing a would supply enough water to create a sea. If brine water was not sent back to the ocean, it would precipitate of salt every year. The salinity in the lake increases as the salt crust dissolves over a period of six months of a major flood resulting in a massive fish kill. When over deep the lake is no more salty than the sea, but salinity increases as the water evaporates, with saturation occurring at about a depth. The lake takes on a pink hue when saturated due to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16606325", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nlargest, least-developed arid zone basins with high degrees of variability anywhere. Grazing is the major land use, occupying 82% of the total land within the basin. The grazing is mostly low density due to harsh and variable climatic conditions. The basin began as a sinking landmass mostly covered by forest and contained many more lakes than now. The climate has changed from wet to arid over the last 60 million years. Most of the rivers in the Lake Eyre basin are now slow flowing, flat and completely dry for lengthy periods. They all flow towards the lowest point in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335676", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nmost of it coming from massive floods in the Georgina River. However, owing to the very low rainfall in the lower reaches of these rivers (contrasting with heavy rainfall in the upper catchments) the greater proportion soaked into the desert or evaporated en route to the lake, leaving less than in the lake which covered an area of or 12% of the total. As the flood did not start filling the lake's deepest point (Belt Bay) until late March, little bird life appeared preferring instead to nest in the upper reaches of the Lake Eyre Basin, north of Birdsville, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097185", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nEyre itself lies approximately below sea level, and usually contains only salt. In flood years it fills and for a short time undergoes a period of rapid growth and fertility: long-dormant marine creatures multiply and large flocks of waterfowl arrive to feed and raise their young before the waters evaporate once more. The annual mean runoff in the Lake Eyre Basin is lowest of any of the world's major drainage basins. None of the creeks and rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin are permanent: they flow only after heavy rain – a rare to very rare event in the arid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086706", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nis responsible for a large proportion of the continent's agricultural productivity) but has vastly less water. Nevertheless, the entire flow of the Murray-Darling would be insufficient to fill Lake Eyre, merely keeping pace with evaporation. In contrast, the flow of the Mississippi could fill Lake Eyre in 22 days, that of the Amazon in just 3 days. Other lakes in the basin include Lake Frome, Lake Yamma Yamma and Lake Hart. The Cooper Creek, Finke River, Georgina River and Diamantina River are the four main rivers of the basin. Other desert rivers include the Hale River, Plenty River and Todd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097186", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\ninterior of Australia. Average annual rainfall in the area surrounding Lake Eyre is , and the pan evaporation rate . Annualised average figures are misleading: since 1885 annual rainfall over the of the Lake Eyre Basin has ranged from about in 1928 to over in 1974. Most of the water reaching Lake Eyre comes from the river systems of semi-arid inland Queensland, roughly to the north. To provide a sense of scale, the Lake Eyre Basin is about the size of France, Germany and Italy combined. It is slightly larger than the Murray-Darling basin (which drains inland eastern Australia and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335677", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nlarge lakes appeared in January as a result of monsoonal rain. The high rainfall in summer 2010 sent flood water into the Diamantina, Georgina and Cooper Creek catchments of the Lake Eyre basin, with the Cooper Creek reaching the lake for the first time since 1990. The higher rainfall has prompted many different birds to migrate back to the area for breeding. Heavy local rain in early March 2011 in the Stuart Creek and Warriner catchments filled Lake Eyre South, with Lake Eyre North about 75 per cent covered with water firstly from the Neales and Macumba Rivers, and later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16607263", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nForum created a Community Advisory Committee to provide advice and facilitate community participation and a Scientific Advisory Panel to advise on scientific and technical issues. The Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park, Strzelecki Regional Reserve, Witjira National Park, Sturt National Park and Simpson Desert National Park are among a number of protected areas established within the Lake Eyre Basin. The Bradfield Scheme was an ambitious proposal by Dr John Bradfield in 1938. It would use large pipes, tunnels, pumps and dams to divert water from the monsoon-fed Tully, Herbert and Burdekin rivers into the Thomson River, Queensland. Other less-developed diversion schemes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335680", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nlake includes \"\"Nodularia spumigena\"\" and a number of species of \"\"Dunaliella\"\". Birds such as pelicans and banded stilts are drawn to a filled lake from southern coastal regions of Australia, and from as far afield as Papua New Guinea. During the 1989–1990 flood it was estimated that 200,000 pelicans, 80% of Australia's total population, came to feed & roost at Lake Eyre. Scientists are presently unable to determine how such birds appear able to detect the filling of the lake, even when hundreds or thousands of kilometres away from the basin. The extent of the lake is covered by two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335675", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nThanda–Lake Eyre to as occurred in 1984 and 1989. Torrential rain in January 2007 took about six weeks to reach the lake but only placed a small amount of water into it. When recently flooded the lake is almost fresh and native freshwater fish, including bony bream (\"\"Nematolosa erebi\"\"), the Lake Eyre Basin sub-species of golden perch (\"\"Macquaria ambigua\"\") and various small hardyhead species (\"\"Craterocephalus\"\" spp.) can survive in it. The 2009 Lake Eyre flood peaked at deep in late May, which is a quarter of its maximum recorded depth of . of water crossed the Queensland–South Australian border with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335672", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nBay and Madigan Gulf sub-basins of Lake Eyre North. Since 1883, proposals have been made to flood Lake Eyre with seawater brought to the basin via a canal or pipeline. The purpose was, in part, to increase evaporation and thereby increase rainfall in the region downwind of an enlarged Lake Eyre. The added rainfall has been modeled as small. Due to the basin's low elevation below sea level and the region's high annual evaporation rate (between ), such schemes have generally been considered impractical as it is likely that accumulation of salt deposits would rapidly block the engineered channel. At", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16607253", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nsmaller than upstream flows. Only in exceptional years is there sufficient upstream rain to provide a flow into Lake Eyre itself. The Finke River, starting roughly west of Alice Springs is thought to be the oldest riverbed in the world and although it flows for only a few days a year (in many years it does not flow at all) is home to seven species of fish, two of which are found nowhere else. The waters of the Finke disappear into the sands of the Simpson Desert and are not definitely known to ever make it as far south as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6046193", "chunk_text": "\"Cooper Creek\"\ntowards Lake Eyre. In most years, it is absorbed into the earth, goes to fill channels and the many permanent waterholes and lakes such as Lake Yamma Yamma, or simply evaporates without reaching Lake Eyre. In very wet years, however, it manages to flood the entire Channel Country and reaches Lake Eyre after flowing through the dry areas of Strzelecki Desert, Sturt Stony Desert and the Tirari Desert. Studies have clearly shown that, although with a mean annual flow of around (ranging at Barcoo from an estimated in 1902 to an estimated in 1950) the Cooper carries twice as much", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097184", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\npetroleum industries account for the greatest economic activity in the Lake Eyre Basin. Opals, coal, phosphate, gypsum and uranium are also mined from the basin. In 2009, the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency confirmed that heavy metals from mining operations near Mount Isa had entered the upper reaches of the Georgina River. The spill has the potential to contaminate parts of the basin as far south as Lake Eyre. During years of especially high rainfall, all the riverbeds in this vast, mostly flat, arid and semi-arid area lead inland (not towards the sea) towards Lake Eyre in central South Australia. Lake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13490837", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Frome\"\nLake Frome Lake Frome is a large endorheic lake in the Australian state of South Australia located to the east of the Northern Flinders Ranges. It is a large, shallow, unvegetated salt pan, long and wide, lying mostly below sea level and having a total surface area of . It only rarely fills with brackish water flowing down usually dry creeks in the Northern Flinders Ranges from the west, or exceptional flows down the Strzelecki Creek from the north. It was named after Edward Charles Frome after his mapping of the area in 1843. The lake adjoins Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4045194", "chunk_text": "\"Warburton River\"\nWarburton River The Warburton River (or Warburton Creek) is a freshwater stream in the far north of South Australia that flows in a south westerly direction and discharges into the eastern side of Lake Eyre. It is one of the state's largest rivers, and is part of the Lake Eyre Basin. It runs along the eastern side of the Simpson Desert, and drains water from Eyre Creek, the Diamantina and Georgina rivers from Goyder Lagoon, carrying it into Lake Eyre during its infrequent floods. The river passes through a number of permanent and semi-permanent waterholes including Poothapootha waterhole, Emu Bone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335671", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nthe area of the lake is per year. The altitude usually attributed to Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre refers to the deepest parts of the lake floor, in Belt Bay and the Madigan Gulf. The shoreline lies at . The lake is the area of maximum deposition of sediment in the Lake Eyre Basin. Lake Eyre is divided into two sections which are joined by the Goyder Channel. These are known as Lake Eyre North, which is in length and wide, and Lake Eyre South, which measures . The salt crusts are thickest (up to ) in the southern Belt Bay, Jackboot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18813109", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nLake Eyre, although the story is told that this happened once early in the 20th century. The Georgina River system originates on the Barkly Tableland, near the Northern Territory-Queensland border, north-west of Mount Isa and not far south of the Gulf of Carpentaria. In this relatively humid northern area, rainfall can be as high as per year and evaporation as low as . The Georgina flows through innumerable channels leading south through far-western Queensland for over , eventually reaching Goyder Lagoon in the north-eastern corner of South Australia. Australia's early bush poets immortalised the Diamantina River, making it a symbol", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13386658", "chunk_text": "Lake\nis also used to describe a feature such as Lake Eyre, which is a dry basin most of the time but may become filled under seasonal conditions of heavy rainfall. In common usage, many lakes bear names ending with the word \"\"pond\"\", and a lesser number of names ending with \"\"lake\"\" are in quasi-technical fact, ponds. One textbook illustrates this point with the following: \"\"In Newfoundland, for example, almost every lake is called a pond, whereas in Wisconsin, almost every pond is called a lake.\"\" One hydrology book proposes to define the term \"\"lake\"\" as a body of water with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2654323", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Frome\"\nwas proclaimed as the Lake Frome Regional Reserve in 1991. Lake Frome Lake Frome is a large endorheic lake in the Australian state of South Australia located to the east of the Northern Flinders Ranges. It is a large, shallow, unvegetated salt pan, long and wide, lying mostly below sea level and having a total surface area of . It only rarely fills with brackish water flowing down usually dry creeks in the Northern Flinders Ranges from the west, or exceptional flows down the Strzelecki Creek from the north. It was named after Edward Charles Frome after his mapping of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19285202", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Torrens\"\nlake when filled with water and encompasses an area of . The Lake Torrens catchment is an endorheic basin, having no outflow of water to the ocean. Approximately 35,000 years ago, the lake water was fresh to brackish, but has become increasingly saline since. The traditional owners of the area are the Arabunna peoples to the north, the Kokatha to the west and the Kyuni to the east. The first European to see the lake was Edward Eyre in 1839 who spotted the salt bed from Mount Arden at the head of the Spencer Gulf. Eyre named the lake after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7343952", "chunk_text": "\"Macumba River\"\nLake Eyre fills, such as 2010, most of the water comes from the west, the Channel Country of Queensland. The Finke River normally drains into the Simpson Desert to the north west of the Macumba, but in the first decade of the 20th century it is thought that the Finke flowed directly into the Macumba. It is thought that the Finke has flowed to Lake Eyre via the Macumba in 1909, 1938 and 1945. The Macumba is part of the western rivers catchment of the Lake Eyre Drainange basin along with the Peake Creek and Neales River. The western rivers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20429139", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre, South Australia\"\nLake Eyre, South Australia Lake Eyre is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about north of the state capital of Adelaide and north of the town of Marree and which is associated with the occasional body of water known as Lake Eyre. The locality was established on 26 April 2013 in respect to “the long established local name.” Its name is derived from the former Lake Eyre National Park. The locality covers the full extent of Lake Eyre including islands within the lake’s extent, the Hunt Peninsula at the southern coast of the northern part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335678", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre\"\nfrom the Warburton River. In late 2015, water began flowing into Lake Eyre following heavy rain in the north-east of the state. The Lake Eyre Yacht Club is a dedicated group of sailors who sail on the lake's floods, including recent trips in 1997, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2009. A number of trailer sailers sailed on Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre in 1975, 1976, and 1984 when the flood depth reached . In July 2010 The Yacht Club held its first regatta since 1976 and its first on Lake Killamperpunna, a freshwater lake on Cooper Creek. The Cooper had reached Kati", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18813110", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Eyre basin\"\nof the remote outback. It too rises in northern Queensland, roughly between Mount Isa and Winton, flowing 800 kilometres south and west through Birdsville and the Channel Country to join the Georgina at Goyder Lagoon (and then, if there is sufficient flow, down Warburton Creek towards Lake Eyre). Of all the Lake Eyre Basin river systems, however, Cooper Creek is by far the most famous, in particular because it was along Cooper Creek that the explorers Burke and Wills met their deaths. It rises in the form of two central Queensland rivers, the Thomson between Longreach and Charters Towers, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3749937", "chunk_text": "\"Tod Reservoir\"\nType of wall: Earth with clay core Area of water spread: 134 hectares Tod Reservoir The Tod Reservoir is located on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, in the localities of Whites Flat and Koppio, 27 km north of Port Lincoln. It is situated on the Tod River, the only stream on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia providing reliable flows; the reservoir is supplied by concrete channels fed from weirs constructed across the Tod River and its major tributary, Pillaworta Creek. The river was named after Robert Tod who discovered it during explorations in 1839. The Tod River flows into Louth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9002706", "chunk_text": "\"Macumba River\"\ncatchment is composed of sandplains, Acacia scrub, gibber plains and dissected residuals. Along with its tributaries the river has a catchment area of . The river passes through a number of permanent and semi-permanent waterholes including Ross waterhole, Walkinna waterhole, Tidnabucca waterhole, Ullabarracoola waterhole and Christmas waterhole. Eleven tributaries join the Macumba including the Alberga River, Stevenson Creek, Coomparana Creek and Yardaparinna Creek. In 1984 the Macumba, along with Neales River and the other western tributaries, filled Lake Eyre south and partially filled Lake Eyre north from there discharge following heavy rains in central Australia. The river flooded in both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "241907", "chunk_text": "\"Eyre Peninsula\"\nthe peninsula. Presently, water is pumped several hundred kilometres from the Murray River to the town of Whyalla through the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline. Underground water resources are suffering from gradually increasing salinity. The only reliable surface flows are from the Tod River and its main tributary, Pillaworta Creek, which are captured by the Tod Reservoir. The reservoir was built to augment the groundwater supply of Port Lincoln and was constructed in the early 1920s. It was taken offline in the early 2000s due to concerns over rising salinity and contamination from agricultural chemicals. SA Water has investigated potential locations for seawater", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1047627", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Hindmarsh\"\nLake Hindmarsh Lake Hindmarsh, an eutrophic lake located in the Wimmera region of western Victoria, Australia, is the state’s largest natural freshwater lake. The nearest towns are Jeparit to the south and Rainbow to the north. After more than a decade of drought, in early 2011 the lake filled as a result of flooding in the region. The area around the lake is the traditional country of the Gromiluk, a branch of the Wotjobaluk people. Explorer Edward Eyre camped at Lake Hindmarsh in 1838 while searching for an overland route from Melbourne to Adelaide and named the lake after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10897237", "chunk_text": "\"Tod Reservoir\"\nTod Reservoir The Tod Reservoir is located on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, in the localities of Whites Flat and Koppio, 27 km north of Port Lincoln. It is situated on the Tod River, the only stream on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia providing reliable flows; the reservoir is supplied by concrete channels fed from weirs constructed across the Tod River and its major tributary, Pillaworta Creek. The river was named after Robert Tod who discovered it during explorations in 1839. The Tod River flows into Louth Bay in Spencer Gulf. The reservoir is listed on the South Australian Heritage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20433448", "chunk_text": "\"Strzelecki Creek\"\nStrzelecki Creek The Strzelecki Creek, part of the Lake Eyre basin, is an ephemeral watercourse located in the Australian state of South Australia. The Strzelecki is a distributary of Cooper Creek and branches off near the town of Innamincka and flows in a southerly direction thought the Strzelecki Desert for about towards Lake Blanche. While being feed by the Cooper Creek, it does have its own catchment and can flow independently after ‘heavy localised storms.’ Flows on ‘exceptional’ occasions can reach Lakes Blanche, Callabonna, Frome and Gregory. Its watercourse is lined by trees, bordered by “large parallel sand ridges” and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20433450", "chunk_text": "\"Strzelecki Creek\"\ninterior from the Pacific to the Southern Ocean. Strzelecki Creek The Strzelecki Creek, part of the Lake Eyre basin, is an ephemeral watercourse located in the Australian state of South Australia. The Strzelecki is a distributary of Cooper Creek and branches off near the town of Innamincka and flows in a southerly direction thought the Strzelecki Desert for about towards Lake Blanche. While being feed by the Cooper Creek, it does have its own catchment and can flow independently after ‘heavy localised storms.’ Flows on ‘exceptional’ occasions can reach Lakes Blanche, Callabonna, Frome and Gregory. Its watercourse is lined by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19845372", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Newland Conservation Park\"\na barrier between the Southern Ocean and a depression in the Bridgewater Formation of Pleistocene limestone that is common throughout the western Eyre Peninsula. The dunes continue to encroach on the lake, lagoons and other wetlands in the park which are also fed by freshwater springs in the limestone. Average annual rainfall (recorded at Elliston) is . The conservation park is named after the lake which itself was named by Edward John Eyre for his friend and travelling companion Richard Francis Newland. It is classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area. The conservation park contains mobile sand dunes and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3451504", "chunk_text": "\"Myponga Reservoir\"\nMyponga Reservoir The Myponga Reservoir is a reservoir in South Australia, located about 60 km south of Adelaide near the town of Myponga. The reservoir is fed by the Myponga River and other rivers in the Myponga catchment. It provides about 5% of the City of Adelaide's water supply and is the main source of filtered water for southern metropolitan Adelaide and the southern coast area. Plans to use the Myponga River catchment as a major storage area were made in 1945. Construction began in 1958 and was completed in 1962, flooding what was from 1840 known as \"\"Lovely Valley\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14428656", "chunk_text": "\"Eyre's 1839 expeditions\"\nthe west, and sent his companion John Baxter to investigate - this range he later named the Baxter Range; it lies north of the town of Iron Knob. Eyre himself set off north along the margin of the Flinders. Finding little water (the pools of water in Willochra Creek were salty), he made for a hill some 30 km north-west of the later town of Hawker. From the summit he had his first view of Lake Torrens; he later wrote that it \"\"seemed to be water\"\", but he realised it was merely the \"\"dry and glazed bed of where water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10493973", "chunk_text": "\"Bulloo-Bancannia drainage basin\"\nall of which are also found in the Lake Eyre basin. The Bulloo-Bancannia basin is Australia's second largest endorheic basin, with an area of 98 820 km². It may be divided into two separate drainage basins: the Bulloo basin in the north (75 528 km²) and the Bancannia basin in the south (23 292 km²). In times of rainfall, an ephemeral saline lake (Lake Bancannia) exists within Bancannia basin. The Bulloo basin contains the Bulloo River. 4% of this drainage division is protected as nature conservation areas. The division contains several large national parks. Some of the towns within this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13804035", "chunk_text": "\"Coongie Lakes\"\nCoongie Lakes The Coongie Lakes is a freshwater wetland system located in the Far North region of South Australia. The lakes system is located approximately north of the Adelaide city centre. The wetlands includes lakes, channels, billabongs, shallow floodplains, deltas, and interdune swamps. It lies on the floodplain of Cooper Creek, an ephemeral river flowing through a desert landscape in the Lake Eyre Basin which rarely, after occasional large floods, empties into Lake Eyre. The wetland system has been recognised both as being of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention with a listing on 15 June 1987 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8692321", "chunk_text": "\"Warburton River\"\nwaterhole, Wurdoopoothanie waterhole and Kalawarranna soakage. There are seven tributaries of the river; Warburton Creek, Macumba River, Officer Creek, Kallakoopah Creek, Yelpawaralinna Creek and Derwent Creek. Warburton River The Warburton River (or Warburton Creek) is a freshwater stream in the far north of South Australia that flows in a south westerly direction and discharges into the eastern side of Lake Eyre. It is one of the state's largest rivers, and is part of the Lake Eyre Basin. It runs along the eastern side of the Simpson Desert, and drains water from Eyre Creek, the Diamantina and Georgina rivers from Goyder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19285201", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Torrens\"\nLake Torrens Lake Torrens is a normally ephemeral salt lake in central South Australia. After extreme rainfall events, the lake flows out through the Pirie-Torrens Corridor to the Spencer Gulf. Lake Torrens lies between the Arcoona Plateau to the west and the Flinders Ranges to the east, about north of Port Augusta and about north of the Adelaide city centre. The lake is approximately above sea level, with a maximum depth of 1 m. It is located within the boundaries of Lake Torrens National Park. Lake Torrens stretches approximately in length and in average width. It is Australia's second largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_789	who is the founder of google and when was it founded?	n/a	[ "1998", "Sergey Brin", "Larry Page", "Larry Page and Sergey Brin" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17189232", "chunk_text": "Google\nGoogle Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7679133", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nHistory of Google The Google company was officially launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine. Page and Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithmat first known as \"\"BackRub\"\"in 1996. The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003. This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies. The company launched Google", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17482220", "chunk_text": "Google\nfor Google was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in the garage of a friend (Susan Wojcicki) in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee. Google was initially funded by an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems; the money was given before Google was incorporated. Google received money from three other angel investors in 1998: Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton, and entrepreneur Ram Shriram. After some additional,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2533350", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nup paying more, and UK tax officials were under investigation for what has been termed a \"\"sweetheart deal\"\" for Google. History of Google The Google company was officially launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most widely used web-based search engine. Page and Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithmat first known as \"\"BackRub\"\"in 1996. The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003. This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3075319", "chunk_text": "Google\nit sent people who had subscribed to \"\"what's trending in New Zealand\"\". Lawyers warned that this could compromise the trial, and Justice Minister Andrew Little said that Google was in contempt of court. Google said that it had been unaware of the court order, and that the email had been created by algorithms. Google Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3075229", "chunk_text": "Google\nwas retained in the code of conduct of Google. Around May 2018, the slogan was silently removed from the code's clauses, leaving only one generic reference in its last paragraph. Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships among websites. They called this new technology PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12094953", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nInc., with Google as its leading subsidiary. Google continued to serve as the umbrella for Alphabet's Internet interests. The first funding for Google as a company was secured in August 1998 in the form of a US$100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given to a corporation which did not yet exist. On June 7, 1999, a round of equity funding totalling $25 million was announced, the major investors being rival venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. While Google still needed more funding for their further expansion, Brin and Page were hesitant to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16427226", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Page\"\nLarry Page Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Google with Sergey Brin. Page is the chief executive officer of Alphabet Inc. (Google's parent company). After stepping aside as Google CEO in August 2001, in favor of Eric Schmidt, he re-assumed the role in April 2011. He announced his intention to step aside a second time in July 2015, to become CEO of Alphabet, under which Google's assets would be reorganized. Under Page, Alphabet is seeking to deliver major advancements in a variety of industries. As of October 2018, Page", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16427280", "chunk_text": "\"Sergey Brin\"\nSergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (; born August 21, 1973) is an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur. Together with Larry Page, he co-founded Google. Brin is the President of Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. As of October 2018, Brin is the 13th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$50.6 billion. Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6. He earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Maryland, College Park, following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps by studying mathematics, as well as computer science.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4047348", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nresults. Google has engaged in partnerships with NASA, AOL, Sun Microsystems, News Corporation, Sky UK and others. The company set up a charitable offshoot, Google.org, in 2005. Google was involved in a 2006 legal dispute in the US over a court order to disclose URLs and search strings, and has been the subject of tax avoidance investigations in the UK. The name Google is a variant of googol, chosen to suggest very large numbers. Google began in 1998 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both PhD students at Stanford University. In the search of a dissertation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17919881", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Page\"\nlabelled google defined his absence. His plans for a censored Chinese search engine called dragonfly upset some USA senators. He has refused to discuss his China search plans and did not even reveal his plans to google co-founder Sergey Brin. Google is coming under intense scrutiny for anti trust behaviour. Larry Page Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Google with Sergey Brin. Page is the chief executive officer of Alphabet Inc. (Google's parent company). After stepping aside as Google CEO in August 2001, in favor of Eric Schmidt, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4047360", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nthem from other highly relevant Web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. The first version of Google was released in August 1996 on the Stanford website. It used nearly half of Stanford's entire network bandwidth. Originally the search engine used Stanford's website with the domain \"\"google.stanford.edu\"\". The domain \"\"google.com\"\" was registered on September 15, 1997. They formally incorporated their company, \"\"Google\"\", on September 4, 1998 in their friend Susan Wojcicki's garage in Menlo Park, California. Wojcicki", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16427241", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Page\"\nof \"\"Googol,\"\" derived from a number that consists of one followed by one hundred zeros—representing the vast amount of data that the search engine was intended to explore. Following inception, Page appointed himself as CEO, while Brin, named Google's co-founder, served as Google's president. Writer Nicholas Carlson wrote in 2014: While Google is often thought of as the invention of two young computer whizzes—Sergey and Larry, Larry and Sergey—the truth is that Google is a creation of Larry Page, helped along by Sergey Brin. The pair's mission was \"\"to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17919912", "chunk_text": "\"Sergey Brin\"\nOctober 2018, Brin is the 13th-richest person in the world according to Forbes, with an estimated net worth of US$50.5 billion. Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (; born August 21, 1973) is an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur. Together with Larry Page, he co-founded Google. Brin is the President of Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. As of October 2018, Brin is the 13th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$50.6 billion. Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6. He earned his bachelor's degree at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18213299", "chunk_text": "\"Alphabet Inc.\"\nAlphabet Inc. Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was created through a corporate restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries. The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company, with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as president. Alphabet's portfolio encompasses several industries, including technology, life sciences, investment capital, and research. Some of its subsidiaries include Google, Calico, Chronicle, GV, CapitalG, Verily, Waymo, X, Loon and Google Fiber. Some of the subsidiaries of Alphabet have altered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18186295", "chunk_text": "Google\nwith an animated version of its logo (a \"\"Google Doodle\"\"), although it has used other dates for its official birthday. The reason for the choice of September 27 remains unclear, and a dispute with rival search engine Yahoo! Search in 2005 has been suggested as the cause. The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) was launched in October 2013; Google is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also includes Facebook, Intel, and Microsoft. Led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12094954", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\ntake the company public, despite their financial issues. They were not ready to give up control over Google. Following the closing of the $25 million financing round, Sequoia encouraged Brin and Page to hire a CEO. Brin and Page ultimately acquiesced and hired Eric Schmidt as Google's first CEO in March 2001. In October 2003, while discussing a possible initial public offering of shares (IPO), Microsoft approached the company about a possible partnership or merger. The deal never materialized. In January 2004, Google announced the hiring of Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group to arrange an IPO. The IPO was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9551777", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Schmidt\"\nEric Schmidt Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American businessman and software engineer. He is known for being the Executive Chairman of Google from 2001 to 2015 and Alphabet Inc. from 2015 to 2017. In 2017, \"\"Forbes\"\" ranked Schmidt as the 119th-richest person in the world, with an estimated wealth of US$11.1 billion. As an intern at Bell Labs, Schmidt did a complete re-write of Lex, a software program to generate lexical analysers for the UNIX computer operating system. From 1997 to 2001, he was Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Novell. From 2001 to 2011, Schmidt served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17482222", "chunk_text": "Google\nyears later, on August 19, 2004. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024. At IPO, the company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share. Shares were sold in an online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal. The sale of $1.67 bn (billion) gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23bn. By January 2014, its market capitalization had grown to $397bn. The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20639223", "chunk_text": "\"High-commitment management\"\nalso become a common verb many use every day—“just Google it.” What sets Google apart from many companies, however, is its unique corporate culture. Founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the two men wanted Google to be a place where people would enjoy work. The company’s philosophies, which include principles such as “work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun” and “you can be serious without a suit”, are consistent with its innovative and informal environment. In terms of organization, Google maintains “a casual and democratic atmosphere, resulting in its distinction as a ‘Flat’ company.”", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2447715", "chunk_text": "\"Sundar Pichai\"\nSundar Pichai Pichai Sundararajan (born July 12, 1972), also known as Sundar Pichai (), is an Indian-American business executive. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Google LLC. Formerly the Product Chief of Google, Pichai's current role was announced on August 10, 2015, as part of the restructuring process that made Alphabet Inc. into Google's parent company, and he assumed the position on October 2, 2015. Pichai was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India In a Tamil family. His mother Lakshmi was a stenographer and his father, Regunatha Pichai was an electrical engineer at GEC, the British conglomerate. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636274", "chunk_text": "Google\nMountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google is Alphabet's leading subsidiary and will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page who became the CEO of Alphabet. The company's rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides), email (Gmail/Inbox), scheduling and time management (Google", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1114002", "chunk_text": "\"Rajen Sheth\"\nRajen Sheth Rajen Sheth is an executive at Google, where he currently runs product management at cloud AI and machine learning team. The idea of an enterprise version Google's email service Gmail was pitched by Rajen in a meeting with CEO Eric Schmidt in 2004. Schmidt initially rejected the proposal, arguing that the division should focus on web search, but the suggestion was later accepted. Sheth is known as \"\"father of Google Apps\"\", and is responsible for development of Chrome and Chrome OS for Business. Rajen studied Computer Engineering (1994-1999) in Stanford University like Sergey Brin and Larry Page. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3075241", "chunk_text": "Google\n12,000 employees. Google has a total of four offices in India, including its country headquarters in Hyderabad, and over 1 lakh sq ft office space leased in the First International Finance Centre in the Bandra Kurla Complex. Google announced the launch of a new company, called Calico, on September 19, 2013, to be led by Apple, Inc. chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public statement, Page explained that the \"\"health and well-being\"\" company would focus on \"\"the challenge of ageing and associated diseases\"\". Google celebrated its 15-year anniversary on September 27, 2013, and in 2016 it celebrated its 18th birthday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16900337", "chunk_text": "Google.org\nas Google opted to bring its renewable energy work into formal product areas under the leadership of Larry Alder and Craig Barratt. Google.org Google.org, founded in October 2005, is the charitable arm of Google, a multinational technology company. The organization has committed roughly US$100 million in investments and grants to nonprofits annually. The organization is noted for several high-impact grants to nonprofits using technology and data in innovative ways to support racial justice, educational opportunity, crisis response after health epidemics and natural disasters, and issues affecting the San Francisco Bay Area community where it's headquartered. It also hosts regular challenges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20636281", "chunk_text": "Google\nsmall investments through the end of 1998 to early 1999, a new $25 million round of funding was announced on June 7, 1999, with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. Early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer. Vinod Khosla, one of Excite's venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it. Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161921", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Wojcicki\"\nSusan Wojcicki Susan Diane Wojcicki ( , ; born July 5, 1968) is an American technology executive. She has been the CEO of YouTube since February 2014. Wojcicki was involved in the founding of Google, and became Google's first marketing manager in 1999. She was in charge of Google's original video service, and after observing the success of YouTube, proposed the acquisition of YouTube by Google in 2006. Wojcicki has an estimated net worth of nearly $500 million. Wojcicki is the daughter of Esther Wojcicki, an educator of Russian-Jewish descent, and Stanley Wojcicki, a Polish American physics professor at Stanford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9551814", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Schmidt\"\nhome of Blacksburg, Virginia. This came on the heels of Schmidt making a two million dollar donation to Virginia Tech's College of Engineering. Schmidt’s philanthropy is the result of his long standing friendship with Virginia Tech's former president Paul Torgersen. His donation funded the Paul and Dorothea Torgersen Dean’s Chair in Engineering. Eric Schmidt Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American businessman and software engineer. He is known for being the Executive Chairman of Google from 2001 to 2015 and Alphabet Inc. from 2015 to 2017. In 2017, \"\"Forbes\"\" ranked Schmidt as the 119th-richest person in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12094939", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nNews in 2002, Gmail in 2004, Google Maps in 2005, Google Chrome in 2008, and the social network known as Google+ in 2011, in addition to many other products. In 2015, Google became the main subsidiary of the holding company Alphabet Inc. The search engine went through numerous updates in attempts to combat search engine optimization abuse, provide dynamic updating of results, and make the indexing system rapid and flexible. Search results started to be personalized in 2005, and later Google Suggest autocompletion was introduced. From 2007 Universal Search provided all types of content, not just text content, in search", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12338381", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Buchheit\"\nPaul Buchheit Paul T. Buchheit is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur. He was the creator and lead developer of Gmail. He developed the original prototype of Google AdSense as part of his work on Gmail. He also suggested Google's former company motto \"\"Don't be evil\"\" in a 2000 meeting on company values. That motto was initially coined in 1999 by engineer Amit Patel. Buchheit grew up in New York. He attended Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio where he rowed crew. Buchheit worked at Intel and later became the 23rd employee at Google. At Google he began developing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2447721", "chunk_text": "\"Sundar Pichai\"\nPichai is married to Anjali Pichai and has two children. Pichai's interests include soccer and cricket. He is an avid fan of FC Barcelona and states that \"\"he watches every game of the club\"\". Sundar Pichai Pichai Sundararajan (born July 12, 1972), also known as Sundar Pichai (), is an Indian-American business executive. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Google LLC. Formerly the Product Chief of Google, Pichai's current role was announced on August 10, 2015, as part of the restructuring process that made Alphabet Inc. into Google's parent company, and he assumed the position on October 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5143746", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Google\"\nits Android operating system or Google search; and Google's use of its smartphone patents. A likely outcome of the antitrust investigations is a negotiated settlement where Google would agree not to discriminate in favor of its products over smaller competitors. Federal Trade Commission ended its investigation during a period which the co-founder of Google, Larry Page, had met with individuals at the White House and the Federal Trade Commission, leading to voluntary changes by Google; since January 2009 to March 2015 employees of Google have met with officials in the White House about 230 times according to the \"\"Wall Street", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10517128", "chunk_text": "\"Google Science Fair\"\na US $15,000 scholarship and assorted packages from sponsoring organizations. While Larry Page and Sergey Brin were PhD students at Stanford University in California, they created Google in January 1996 as a research project; Google employee Tom Oliveri highlighted the company's early days: \"\"Science fairs help students to explore their vision and curiosity through science. Our company was founded on an experiment. We firmly believe that science can change the world,\"\" he stated. The on-line site also contains a number of highlighted guest interviews with selected individuals, each well established and prominent in their field of science, with the aim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19756721", "chunk_text": "Google\ncommunities\"\" around the world, as the purchase commitments will \"\"result in infrastructure investments of more than $3.5 billion globally\"\", and will \"\"generate tens of millions of dollars per year in revenue to local property owners, and tens of millions more to local and national governments in tax revenue\"\". On August 10, 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet. Google became Alphabet's leading subsidiary, and will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became CEO of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19161923", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Wojcicki\"\nbut changed her plans when she discovered an interest in technology. She also received her Master's of Science in economics from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1993 and a Master of Business Administration from the UCLA Anderson School of Management in 1998. In September 1998, the same month that Google was incorporated, its founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin set up office in Wojcicki's garage in Menlo Park. Before becoming Google's first marketing manager in 1999, Wojcicki worked in marketing at Intel Corporation in Santa Clara, California, and was a management consultant at Bain & Company and R.B.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2533311", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nprojected to raise as much as $4 billion. Google's initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004. A total of 19,605,052 shares were offered at a price of $85 per share. Of that, 14,142,135 (another mathematical reference as ≈ 1.4142135) were floated by Google and 5,462,917 by selling stockholders. The sale raised US$1.67 billion, and gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. Many of Google's employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited from the IPO because it owns 2.7 million shares of Google. The company was listed on the NASDAQ stock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8700175", "chunk_text": "\"Google (verb)\"\nverb, was on July 8, 1998, by Google co-founder Larry Page himself, who wrote on a mailing list: \"\"Have fun and keep googling!\"\". Its earliest known use (as a transitive verb) on American television was in the \"\"Help\"\" episode of \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\" (October 15, 2002), when Willow asked Buffy, \"\"Have you googled her yet?\"\" On February 23, 2003, Google sent a cease and desist letter to Paul McFedries, creator of Word Spy, a website that tracks neologisms. In an article in the \"\"Washington Post\"\", Frank Ahrens discussed the letter he received from a Google lawyer that demonstrated \"\"appropriate\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3075287", "chunk_text": "Google\nIn 2009, early employee Tim Armstrong left to become CEO of AOL. In July 2012, Google's first female engineer, Marissa Mayer, left Google to become Yahoo!'s CEO. In January 2017, Google employees donated over $2 million to a crisis fund in support of refugees; the company matched the donation with an additional $2 million. Employees then organized a global workplace walk-out, aided by the hashtag #GooglersUnite, to protest U.S. President Donald Trump's Muslim travel ban. In late 2017, former Intel executive Diane Bryant became Chief Operating Officer of Google Cloud. On 1 November 2018, Google employees staged a global walk-out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17919838", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Page\"\ndigitizing books and expanding health information. Mark Malseed wrote in a 2003 feature story: Soliciting funds from faculty members, family and friends, Brin and Page scraped together enough to buy some servers and rent that famous garage in Menlo Park. ... [soon after], Sun Microsystems co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote a $100,000 check to \"\"Google, Inc.\"\" The only problem was, \"\"Google, Inc.\"\" did not yet exist—the company hadn't yet been incorporated. For two weeks, as they handled the paperwork, the young men had nowhere to deposit the money. In 1998, Brin and Page incorporated Google, Inc. with the initial domain name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12385081", "chunk_text": "\"Héctor García-Molina\"\nHéctor García-Molina Héctor García-Molina (born 1954) is a Mexican-American computer scientist and Professor in the Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. He was advisor to Sergey Brin, the co-founder of Google, from 1993 to 1997 when he was a computer science student at Stanford. Born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, García-Molina graduated in 1974 with a bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies (ITESM) and received both a master's degree in Electrical Engineering (1975) and a doctorate in Computer Science (1979) from Stanford University. From 1979 to 1991, García-Molina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12572146", "chunk_text": "\"Andy Bechtolsheim\"\nwith two Sun colleagues: Bill Joy and Roy Sardiña. HighBAR's investments include Brocade, Tasmania Network Systems, Brightmail, and Regroup. Bechtolsheim and Cheriton were two of the first investors in Google, investing US$100,000 each in September 1998. Bechtolsheim wrote the check to \"\"Google Inc\"\" prior to the company even being founded. Claims that Bechtolsheim coined the name \"\"Google\"\" is untrue. However, he did motivate the founders to officially organize the company under that name. When he gave the check to Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google's founders, they had not actually yet even been legally incorporated. As a result of investments", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2533339", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\nDouglas Adams' \"\"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"\". In March 1996 a business called Groove Track Productions applied for a United States trademark for \"\"Google\"\" for various products including several categories of clothing, stuffed toys, board games, and candy. The firm abandoned its application in July 1997. Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb \"\"google\"\" was added to the \"\"Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary\"\" and the \"\"Oxford English Dictionary\"\" in 2006, meaning \"\"to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet.\"\" The use of the term itself reflects their mission to organize a seemingly infinite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7874543", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Buchheit\"\n\"\"Computing and telecommunications\"\" field. Buchheit has stated that he believes society has the technology and resources to provide adequate food, housing, education, and healthcare for everyone, using only a fraction of available labor and resources. In his view, this implies it is possible to put an end to wage slavery. Buchheit further stated: Paul Buchheit Paul T. Buchheit is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur. He was the creator and lead developer of Gmail. He developed the original prototype of Google AdSense as part of his work on Gmail. He also suggested Google's former company motto \"\"Don't be evil\"\" in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2317568", "chunk_text": "Google\nUniversity, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice-President of Search Products and User Experience until July 2012, showed that half of all new product launches in the second half of 2005 had originated from the Innovation Time Off. On 25 October 2018, \"\"The New York Times\"\" published the \"\"exposé\"\", \"\"How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the ‘Father of Android’\"\". The company subsequently announced that \"\"48 employees have been fired over the last two years\"\" for sexual misconduct. A week after the article appeared, Google X (renamed X Development LLC in 2015) executive Rich DeVaul resigned pursuant to a complaint of sexual harassment. Google has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1923113", "chunk_text": "PageRank\nand Sergey Brin developed PageRank at Stanford University in 1996 as part of a research project about a new kind of search engine. Sergey Brin had the idea that information on the web could be ordered in a hierarchy by \"\"link popularity\"\": a page ranks higher as there are more links to it. Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in 1998: shortly after, Page and Brin founded Google Inc., the company behind the Google search engine. While just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12094946", "chunk_text": "\"History of Google\"\neventually became an executive at Google and is now the CEO at YouTube. Both Brin and Page had been against using advertising pop-ups in a search engine, or an \"\"advertising funded search engines\"\" model, and they wrote a research paper in 1998 on the topic while still students. They changed their minds early on and allowed simple text ads. By the end of 1998, Google had an index of about 60 million pages. The home page was still marked \"\"BETA\"\", but an article in Salon.com already argued that Google's search results were better than those of competitors like Hotbot or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5860639", "chunk_text": "Google.org\nGoogle.org Google.org, founded in October 2005, is the charitable arm of Google, a multinational technology company. The organization has committed roughly US$100 million in investments and grants to nonprofits annually. The organization is noted for several high-impact grants to nonprofits using technology and data in innovative ways to support racial justice, educational opportunity, crisis response after health epidemics and natural disasters, and issues affecting the San Francisco Bay Area community where it's headquartered. It also hosts regular challenges around the world to stimulate innovative uses of technologies to address local challenges. The mission and approach of Google.org has seen multiple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18186326", "chunk_text": "Google\nthe suite is designed to help \"\"enterprise class marketers\"\" \"\"see the complete customer journey\"\", generate \"\"useful insights\"\", and \"\"deliver engaging experiences to the right people\"\". Jack Marshall of \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" wrote that the suite competes with existing marketing cloud offerings by companies including Adobe, Oracle, Salesforce, and IBM. On September 24, 2012, Google launched Google for Entrepreneurs, a largely not-for-profit business incubator providing startups with co-working spaces known as Campuses, with assistance to startup founders that may include workshops, conferences, and mentorships. Presently, there are 7 Campus locations in Berlin, London, Madrid, Seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17947878", "chunk_text": "\"Google Brain\"\ndeal with complex tasks. The project's technology is currently used in the Android Operating System's speech recognition system, photo search for Google+ and video recommendations in YouTube. Google Brain was initially established by Google Fellow Jeff Dean and visiting Stanford professor Andrew Ng. In 2014, the team included Jeff Dean, Geoffrey Shields, Greco Rado, Quoc Le, Ilya Sutskever, Alex Kelly Forth Alex Krizhevsky, Samy Bengio and Vincent Vanhoucke. In 2017, team members include Anelia Angelova, Samy Bengio, Greg Corrado, George Dahl, Michael Isard, Anjuli Kannan, Hugo Larochelle, Quoc Le, Chris Olah, Vincent Vanhoucke, Vijay Vasudevan and Fernanda Viegas. Chris Lattner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5104522", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Page\"\nin its design because it would help the search results load faster. Before Silicon Valley's two most prominent investors, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital, agreed to invest a combined total of $50 million in Google, they applied pressure on Page to step down as CEO so that a more experienced leader could build a \"\"world-class management team.\"\" Page eventually became amenable to the idea after meeting with other technology CEOs, including Steve Jobs and Intel's Andrew Grove. Eric Schmidt, who had been hired as Chairman of Google in March 2001, left his full-time position as the CEO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_790	who did the dominican republic gain its independence from?	n/a	[ "Haiti" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183316", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nblacks and enslave them as well. After a dozen years of discontent and failed independence plots by various opposing groups, Santo Domingo's former Lieutenant-Governor (top administrator), José Núñez de Cáceres, declared the colony's independence from the Spanish crown as Spanish Haiti, on November 30, 1821. This period is also known as the Ephemeral independence. The newly independent republic ended two months later under the Haitian government led by Jean-Pierre Boyer. As Toussaint Louverture had done two decades earlier, the Haitians abolished slavery. In order to raise funds for the huge indemnity of 150 million francs that Haiti agreed to pay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612637", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\nDominican War of Independence The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later. In 1844, the members of La Trinitaria chose El Conde, the prominent “Gate of the Count” in the old city walls, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183287", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nnewly independent Dominicans were forcefully annexed by Haiti in February 1822. Independence came 22 years later after victory in the Dominican War of Independence in 1844. Over the next 72 years the Dominican Republic experienced mostly internal conflicts and a brief return to colonial status before permanently ousting Spanish rule during the Dominican War of Restoration of 1863–1865. A United States occupation lasted eight years between 1916 and 1924, and a subsequent calm and prosperous six-year period under Horacio Vásquez was followed by the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo until 1961. A civil war in 1965, the country's last, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589412", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nthe city of Santo Domingo; these were used by Hérard to suppress the uprising. On February 27, 1844, the surviving members of \"\"La Trinitaria\"\" declared the independence from Haiti. They were backed by Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle rancher from El Seibo, who became general of the army of the nascent republic. The Dominican Republic's first Constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844, and was modeled after the United States Constitution. The decades that followed were filled with tyranny, factionalism, economic difficulties, rapid changes of government, and exile for political opponents. Archrivals Santana and Buenaventura Báez held power most of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6172843", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Day Parade\"\nleadership of General Gregorio Luperon, the war was ultimately won from Spain. In 1844, the Dominican Republic secured its independence from Haiti and became a sovereign state until 1861. Under the leadership of General Pedro Santana, segments of the Dominican population sought to annex the Republic back to Spain and did so during March 18, 1861. On August 16, 1863, the start of the war for the Restoration of the Dominican Republic under the command of General Luperon. The Dominican Republic originally declared its independence from Spain on December 1, 1821. Ultimately, the Dominican Republic was re-established, free from Spain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11902828", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Haiti relations\"\nforces in Santo Domingo threatened Haitian sovereignty, and the French governor of Santo Domingo further provoked Haiti by authorizing colonists to capture and enslave Haitians. In 1805 Haitian president Jean-Jacques Dessalines responded with an unsuccessful invasion of Santo Domingo. Dominicans ejected the French in 1809 and reincorporated themselves into the Spanish Empire. On November 9, 1821 the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo was overthrown by a group of rebels at the command of José Núñez de Cáceres, the colony's former administrator, as they proclaimed independence from the Spanish crown on December 1, 1821. The new nation was known as \"\"Republic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14902671", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Haiti relations\"\nRepublic, became independent from Spain on December 1, 1821, after more than 300 years of Spanish rule. By the end of the eighteenth century, the French colony was populated primarily by black African slaves who spoke Kreyòl, a language derived from West African languages, and practiced voodoo, a religion influenced by West African spirituality. The people living in the Spanish colony, however, who represented less than one-fifth of the French colony's population, were primarily white and mulatto Spanish-speaking Roman Catholics. In the midst of the Haitian Revolution, Spain ceded the Spanish part of Hispaniola to France in return for lands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589539", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nuntil 1821 except for a time as a French colony from 1795 to 1809. It was then part of a unified Hispaniola with Haiti from 1822 until 1844. In 1844, Dominican independence was proclaimed and the republic, which was often known as Santo Domingo until the early 20th century, maintained its independence except for a short Spanish occupation from 1861 to 1865 and occupation by the United States from 1916 to 1924. The Taíno people called the island \"\"Quisqueya\"\" (mother of all lands) and \"\"Ayiti\"\" (land of high mountains). At the time of Columbus' arrival in 1492, the island's territory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4042435", "chunk_text": "\"Juan Pablo Duarte\"\nof many who wanted to be rid of the Haitians who ruled over Dominicans led to the proclamation of independence on February 27, 1844 (Dominican War of Independence). However, Duarte had already been exiled to Caracas, Venezuela the previous year for his insurgent conduct. He continued to correspond with members of his family and members of the independence movement . Independence could not be denied and after many struggles, the Dominican Republic was born. A republican form of government was established where a free people would hold ultimate power and, through the voting process, would give rise to a democracy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14902670", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Haiti relations\"\nand foes, constantly vying for dominance of Hispaniola. The conflicts began during the colonial era which developed into military and political conflicts between the two governments. The political division of the island of Hispaniola is due in part to the European struggle for control of the New World during the 17th century, when France and Spain began fighting for control of the island. They resolved their dispute in 1697 by splitting the island into two countries. It was not until the 19th century that Haiti became independent from France on January 1, 1804. Spanish Haiti, the predecessor of the Dominican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1622126", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Navy\"\nDominican Navy The Navy of the Dominican Republic or Armada de Republica Dominicana (ARD), is one of the three branches of the Military of the Dominican Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force. After the Dominican Republic gained its independence from Haiti on February 27, 1844, there was a need to create a naval fleet. Three schooners were commissioned for this, (flagship), \"\"María Chica\"\" and \"\"Leonor\"\". These were the original three Dominican vessels which were incorporated in the newly created Dominican Navy as authorized by the Junta Central Gubernativa with the Naval Act of 1844 on April 23,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589411", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nconsidered the three Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic. The \"\"Trinitarios\"\" took advantage of a Haitian rebellion against the dictator Jean-Pierre Boyer. They rose up on January 27, 1843, ostensibly in support of the Haitian Charles Hérard who was challenging Boyer for the control of Haiti. However, the movement soon discarded its pretext of support for Hérard and now championed Dominican independence. After overthrowing Boyer, Hérard executed some Dominicans, and threw many others into prison; Duarte escaped. After subduing the Dominicans, Hérard, a mulatto, faced a rebellion by blacks in Port-au-Prince. Haiti had formed two regiments composed of Dominicans from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8724262", "chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of the Caribbean\"\nTrinitaria, were decisive in the fight for independence. Duarte and they are the three Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic. On February 27, 1844, the \"\"Trinitarios\"\" (Trinitarians), declared the independence from Haiti. They were backed by Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle rancher from El Seibo, who became general of the army of the nascent Republic. The Dominican Republic's first Constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844, and was modeled after the United States Constitution. Yucatán renounced the government, declaring independence effective 1 January 1846. When the Mexican–American War broke out, Yucatán declared its neutrality. After the end of the Mexican–American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16031715", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\nFrancisco del Rosario Sánchez, Ramón Matías Mella, and Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle-rancher from El Seibo who commanded a private army of peons who worked on his estates. On February 27, 1844, some 100 Dominicans seized the fortress of Puerta del Conde in the city of Santo Domingo, and the following day the Haitian garrison surrendered. As these Haitian troops withdrew to the west side of the island, they pillaged and burned. Mella headed the provisional governing junta of the new Dominican Republic. On March 14, Duarte finally returned after recovering from his illness and was greeted in celebration. Haitian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589417", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nthe Dominican nation to colonial status. This action was supported by the cattlemen of the south while the northern elites opposed it. Spanish rule finally came to an end with the War of Restoration in 1865, after four years of conflict between Dominican nationalists and Spanish sympathizers. Political strife again prevailed in the following years; warlords ruled, military revolts were extremely common, and the nation amassed debt. In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant ordered U.S. Marines to the island for the first time. Pirates operating from Haiti had been raiding U.S. commercial shipping in the Caribbean, and Grant directed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589572", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nthe rebellion of the Army in Spain during 1820, which restored the liberal constitution, some of the colonial administrators in Santo Domingo broke with the mother country; and on December 1, 1821, the Spanish Lieutenant Governor, José Núñez de Cáceres, proclaimed the independence of \"\"Spanish Haiti.\"\" Dominican leaders—recognizing their vulnerability both to Spanish and to Haitian attack and also seeking to maintain their slaves as property—attempted to annex themselves to Gran Colombia. While this request was in transit, Jean-Pierre Boyer, the ruler of Haiti, invaded Santo Domingo on February 9 with a 10,000-man army. Having no capacity to resist, Núñez", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11902834", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Haiti relations\"\nat converting average Dominicans into second-class citizens: restrictions of movement, prohibition to run for public office, night curfews, inability to travel in groups, banning of civilian organizations, and the indefinite closure of the state university (on the alleged grounds of its being a subversive organization) all led to the creation of movements advocating a forceful separation from Haiti with no compromises. On February 27, 1844, the people of Santo Domingo ended more than two decades of Haitian misrule by proclaiming their independence and welcoming home from exile the great advocate of Dominican nationalism, Juan Pablo Duarte. The new government was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20138058", "chunk_text": "\"La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)\"\nborn on February 27, 1844, claiming independence from Haiti with a declaration at the Puerta del Conde. The involvement of La Trinitaria is also seen in the early formation of the new republic. Yet for the most part the society's ideology, which was in sync with Duarte's, was not implemented, as Pedro Santana forcibly took the reins of the newly formed nation and exiled Duarte. As a result, Santana enacted re-colonization of the country by Spain, making it the only former colony of the Americas to do so. Today, \"\"La Trinitaria\"\" may also refer to the three founding fathers of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "448756", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic\"\nSpanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties signed after the dismantling of some of its colonies in the Spanish West Indies some 50 years prior, welcomed his proposal and set to reestablish the colony. The end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15569540", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nlanded on the island on December 5, 1492, which the native Taíno people had inhabited since the 7th century. The colony of Santo Domingo became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, the oldest continuously inhabited city, and the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World. After more than three hundred years of Spanish rule the Dominican people declared independence in November 1821. The leader of the independence movement José Núñez de Cáceres, intended the Dominican nation to unite with the country of Gran Colombia, but no longer under Spain's custody the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589597", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nannulled the annexation and independence was restored, with the last Spanish troops departing by July. More than 7,000 Dominicans perished in battles and epidemics. Relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti were tense once the new Dominican government came to power since Haitian President Fabre Geffrard had refused to support the independence movement out of fear of Spanish reprisals. Within three years after fighting ended in Santo Domingo, uprisings began in both remaining Spanish colonies. In both islands, Dominican veterans joined the independence fight. Within the decade, Spanish colonialism began to crumble, and rebels won emancipation. By the time the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10746814", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Caribbean\"\ntwo-thirds of Hispaniola were conquered by Haitian forces in 1821. In 1844, the newly formed Dominican Republic declared its independence from Haiti. The nations bordering the Caribbean in Central America gained independence with the 1821 establishment of the First Mexican Empire—which at that time included the modern states of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The nations bordering the Caribbean in South America also gained independence from Spain in 1821 with the establishment of Gran Colombia—which comprised the modern states of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Cuba and Puerto Rico remained as Spanish colonies until the Spanish–American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907665", "chunk_text": "\"Santo Domingo\"\ngreat deal of instability and unrest. On 27 February 1844 Santo Domingo was again the capital of a free nation, when it gained its independence from Haiti, led by Dominican nationalist Juan Pablo Duarte. The city was a prize fought over by various political factions over the succeeding decades of instability. In addition, the country had to fight multiple battles with Haiti; the Battle of 19 March, Battle of 30 March, Battle of Las Carreras, and Battle of Beler, are a few of the most prominent encounters, mentioned in the national anthem and with city streets named after them. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086010", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Restoration War\"\nDominican Restoration War The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence. The war against the Spaniards ended in July 1865 with Dominican independence restored but with the country devastated and disorganized, and most of the peasantry in arms. General Pedro Santana had wrested the presidency from Buenaventura Báez, who had bankrupted the nation's treasury at great profit to himself. Faced with an economic crisis as well as the possibility of renewed attack from Haiti, Santana asked Spain to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5788233", "chunk_text": "\"Carnival in the Dominican Republic\"\nit is not known for certain, it is thought that the colony of Santo Domingo was the first place in the Americas to have a pre-Lenten costume. The celebration became a way to escape from the rigid religious traditions brought from the old world. By the late 1700s, the carnival had become a major celebration in the colony. Then on February 27, 1844, when the Dominican Republic won its independence from Haiti, the celebration grew even greater in popularity, as the country's Independence Day celebrations were combined into the pre-existing carnival celebrations. The celebration is symbolized by an \"\"upside-down Chicken\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589577", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nRosario Sánchez. In 1843 they allied with a Haitian movement in overthrowing Boyer. Because they had revealed themselves as revolutionaries working for Dominican independence, the new Haitian president, Charles Rivière-Hérard, exiled or imprisoned the leading \"\"Trinitarios\"\" (Trinitarians). At the same time, Buenaventura Báez, an Azua mahogany exporter and deputy in the Haitian National Assembly, was negotiating with the French Consul-General for the establishment of a French protectorate. In an uprising timed to preempt Báez, on February 27, 1844, the Trinitarios declared independence from Haiti, backed by Pedro Santana, a wealthy cattle-rancher from El Seibo who commanded a private army of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612639", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\ntwo-pronged attack by Haitians was successfully repelled by an under-equipped Dominican army under the command of the wealthy rancher Gen. Pedro Santana. Four years later, it took a Dominican flotilla harassing Haitian coastal villages, and land reinforcements in the south to force the determined Haitian emperor into a one-year truce. In the most thorough and intense encounter of all, Dominican irregulars armed with swords sent Haitian troops into flight on all three fronts in 1855. At the beginning of the 1800s, the colony of Santo Domingo, which had once been the headquarters of Spanish power in the New World, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589591", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\ntaken over, burned, or confiscated for military purposes, forcing many Dominican Protestants to consider moving to Haiti in search of religious toleration. On August 16, 1863, a national war of restoration began in Santiago, where the rebels established a provisional government. “Before God, the entire world, and the throne of Castile, just and legal reasons have obliged us to take arms to restore the Dominican Republic and reconquer our liberty,” the provisional government's declaration of independence read. Dominicans were divided. Some fought for the reserve forces alongside Spanish troops. Santana returned to lead them. The Spanish forces of the Cibao", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6352385", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Spain relations\"\nthe Spanish colonial government of Santo Domingo was toppled by a rebel group led by José Núñez de Cáceres. The rebels managed to obtain independence for the colony from Spain in December 1821 and Santo Domingo became known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti. The new government soon introduced a petition for the union of Spanish Haiti with Gran Colombia, however, in February 1822, Haiti invaded and took control of the country. In February 1844, after the Dominican War of Independence, Santo Domingo regained its independence from Haiti. The new country soon amassed a great amount of debt and after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6352383", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Spain relations\"\npeople of the island were wiped out by either diseases brought over from Europe or from direct slaughter by the Spanish. In 1493, the island of Hispaniola was governed under the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo and in 1521, it came under the greater Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. In 1795, Spain ceded the eastern part of Hispaniola to France under the Treaty of Basel. In 1801, the western part of Hispaniola revolted against France and obtained its independence in 1804 and renamed itself Haiti. As a result, many French settlers arrived to the eastern part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13091384", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic\"\nkilled or wounded in action. The 12,000 pro-Spanish southern forces recruited by Santana had also suffered about 10,000 casualties. The fatal losses among the Cibao-based nationalist armies were estimated at 4,000. Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic In 1861, Dominican general Pedro Santana suggested retaking control of the Dominican Republic to queen Isabella II of Spain, after a period of 17 years of Dominican sovereignty. Newly independent Dominican Republic was economically recovering from the recently ended Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856), when the Republic won its independence against Haiti. Spanish crown and authorities, which scorned and rejected the peace treaties", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1589576", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nRural\"\". In rural areas, the Haitian administration was usually too inefficient to enforce its own laws. It was in the city of Santo Domingo that the effects of the occupation were most acutely felt, and it was there that the movement for independence originated. On July 16, 1838 white Creole Juan Pablo Duarte together with , Juan Isidro Pérez, Felipe Alfau, Benito González, Félix María Ruiz, Juan Nepumoceno Ravelo and Jacinto de la Concha founded a secret society called \"\"La Trinitaria\"\" to win independence from Haiti. A short time later, they were joined by Ramón Matías Mella, and Francisco del", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10631479", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\n\"\"Le signifie\"\" (unk guns) and \"\"La Mouche\"\" (unk guns) off Tortuguero on April 15. On June 17, 1845, the Dominicans, only a little over a year after winning independence from Haiti, invaded their former master in retaliation for Haitian border raids. The invaders captured two towns on the Plateau du Centre and established a bastion at Cachimán. Haitian President Jean-Louis Pierrot quickly mobilized his army and counterattacked on July 22, driving the invaders from Cachimán and back across the frontier. In the first significant naval action between the Hispaniolan rivals, a Dominican squadron captured 3 small Haitian warships and 149", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7759505", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\nthis black slave population had been significantly lower than that of the neighboring Saint-Domingue, which was nearing a million slaves before the Haitian Revolution. At the time Haiti had been more economically and militarily powerful and had a population 8 to 10 times larger than the former Spanish colony, having been the richest colony in the western hemisphere before the Haitian Revolution. Dominican military officers agreed to merge the newly independent nation with Haiti, as they sought for political stability under the Haitian president Jean-Pierre Boyer, who belonged to Haiti's elite mulatto class and was seen as an ally at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16606591", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Restoration War\"\ndisputes between the two countries. August 16 is commemorated a national holiday in the Dominican Republic, as well as the day the Dominican president is sworn into office every four years. Dominican Restoration War The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence. The war against the Spaniards ended in July 1865 with Dominican independence restored but with the country devastated and disorganized, and most of the peasantry in arms. General Pedro Santana had wrested the presidency from Buenaventura", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183498", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nbrink of collapse. Having failed in his initial bids to secure annexation by the U.S. or France, Santana initiated negotiations with Queen Isabella II of Spain and the Captain-General of Cuba to have the island reconverted into a Spanish colony. The American Civil War rendered the United States incapable of enforcing the Monroe Doctrine. In Spain, Prime Minister Don Leopoldo O'Donnell advocated renewed colonial expansion, waging a campaign in northern Morocco that conquered the city of Tetuan. In March 1861, Santana officially restored the Dominican Republic to Spain. Santana initially was named Capitan-General of the new Spanish province, but it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10631480", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\nseamen off Puerto Plata on December 21. On March 9, 1849, President Faustin Soulouque of Haiti led 10,000 troops in an invasion of the Dominican Republic. Dominican General (and presidential contender) Santana raised 6,000 soldiers and, with the help of several gunboats, routed the Haitian invaders at El Número on April 17 and at Las Carreras on April 21–22. In November 1849, a small naval campaign was undertaken in which Dominican government schooners captured Anse-à-Pitres and one or two other villages on the southern coast of Haiti, which were sacked and burned by the Dominicans. The Dominicans also captured Dame-Marie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4220751", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Civil War\"\non promises of reconciliation. On 21 September 1966, the last OAS peacekeepers withdrew from the island, ending the foreign intervention in the conflict. Dominican Civil War The Dominican Civil War () took place between April 24, 1965, and September 3, 1965, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It started when civilian and military supporters of former President Juan Bosch overthrew acting President Donald Reid Cabral. The coup prompted General Elías Wessin y Wessin to organise elements of the military loyal to President Reid, known as loyalists, initiating an armed campaign against the so-called constitutionalist rebels. Allegations of foreign support for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4080830", "chunk_text": "Americas\n1800s. Between 1811 and 1825, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Gran Colombia, the United Provinces of Central America, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia gained independence from Spain and Portugal in armed revolutions. After the Dominican Republic won independence from Haiti, it was re-annexed by Spain in 1861, but reclaimed its independence in 1865 at the conclusion of the Dominican Restoration War. The last violent episode of decolonization was the Cuban War of Independence which became the Spanish–American War, which resulted in the independence of Cuba in 1898, and the transfer of sovereignty over Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States. Peaceful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6352387", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Spain relations\"\nSanto Domingo and in March 1865, Queen Isabella II of Spain signed the annulment of the annexation which automatically granted the territory independence. The country soon changed its name to the \"\"Dominican Republic.\"\" During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the Dominican Republic under President Rafael Trujillo supported the Nationalist faction of General Francisco Franco. Although a supporter of Franco, the Dominican Republic allowed the entry of several thousand Spanish Republican refugees fleeing Spain to seek refuge in the country. President Trujillo’s generosity toward the thousands of Spaniards fleeing Franco and a war-torn Europe had little to do with political solidarity:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183320", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nfaltered and taxation became more onerous. Rebellions occurred even by Dominican freedmen, while Dominicans and Haitians worked together to oust Boyer from power. Anti-Haitian movements of several kinds – pro-independence, pro-Spanish, pro-French, pro-British, pro-United States – gathered force following the overthrow of Boyer in 1843. In 1838 Juan Pablo Duarte founded a secret society called La Trinitaria, which sought the complete independence of Santo Domingo without any foreign intervention. and Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Ramon Matias Mella, despite not being among the founding members of La Trinitaria, were decisive in the fight for independence. Duarte, Mella, and Sánchez are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183474", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Dominican Republic\"\nof the Spanish colony in the eighteenth century led to increased slave insurrections and marronage. The House of Bourbon replaced the House of Habsburg in Spain in 1700 and introduced economic reforms that gradually began to revive trade in Santo Domingo. The crown progressively relaxed the rigid controls and restrictions on commerce between Spain and the colonies and among the colonies. The last \"\"flotas\"\" sailed in 1737; the monopoly port system was abolished shortly thereafter. By the middle of the century, the population was bolstered by emigration from the Canary Islands, resettling the northern part of the colony and planting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3183318", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nits own laws. It was in the city of Santo Domingo that the effects of the occupation were most acutely felt, and it was there that the movement for independence originated. Haiti's constitution forbade white elites from owning land, and Dominican major landowning families were forcibly deprived of their properties. Many emigrated to Cuba, Puerto Rico (these two being Spanish possessions at the time), or Gran Colombia, usually with the encouragement of Haitian officials who acquired their lands. The Haitians associated the Roman Catholic Church with the French slave-masters who had exploited them before independence and confiscated all church property,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086011", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Restoration War\"\nretake control of the country, after a period of only 17 years of independence. Spain was wary at first, but with the U.S. occupied with its own civil war and unable to enforce the Monroe Doctrine, it felt it had an opportunity to reassert control in Latin America. On March 18, 1861, the annexation was announced, and Santana became Governor-General of the newly created province. However, this act was not well received by everyone. On May 2, General José Contreras led a failed rebellion, and Francisco del Rosario Sánchez led an invasion from Haiti (who were officially neutral, but also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14138029", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Mexico relations\"\nDominican Republic–Mexico relations Dominican Republic–Mexico relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Mexico. Both nations have over the years joined several multilateral forums and are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations. The Dominican Republic and Mexico are two Latin American nations that were once colonized by the Spanish empire. After both nations gained independence from Spain; diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Mexico were established on 23 July 1888. In March 1890, a treaty of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16606588", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Restoration War\"\nthe Cortes now had to consider the probability of eventual U.S. intervention and decided it did not want to fund a war for a territory it did not really need. On March 3, 1865, Queen Isabella II signed the annulment of the annexation. By July 15, there were no more Spanish troops left on the island. Although many Dominican cities were destroyed and agriculture across the country (apart from tobacco) halted during the war years, the War of Restoration brought a new level of national pride to the Dominican Republic. The Dominican victory also showed nationalists in Cuba and Puerto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11769004", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic\"\nto forestall the threat of another invasion. His seamen under the French adventurer, Fagalde, raided the Haitian coasts, plundered seaside villages, as far as Cape Dame Marie, and butchered crews of captured enemy ships. In 1855, Haiti invaded again, but its forces were repulsed at the bloodiest clashes in the history of the Dominican–Haitian wars, the Battle of Santomé in December 1855 and the Battle of Sabana Larga in January 1856. The Dominican Republic's first constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844. The state was commonly known as Santo Domingo in English until the early 20th century. It featured a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7759506", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican War of Independence\"\nthe time. However, due to the Haitian government's mismanagement, heavy military disputes, and an economic crisis the Haitian government became increasingly unpopular. A conspiracy of Dominicans in Santo Domingo called La Trinitaria hastened the end of the Haitian occupation. Late in 1821 the leader José Núñez de Cáceres proclaimed Santo Domingo's adhesion to the new “Republic of Gran Colombia”, created by Simón Bolívar, but the determination of the island elite to perpetuate their privileged status by maintaining intact all colonial-era institutions such as social hierarchy, land titles, and slavery doomed this limited experiment in liberty to failure two months later.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4220731", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Civil War\"\nDominican Civil War The Dominican Civil War () took place between April 24, 1965, and September 3, 1965, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It started when civilian and military supporters of former President Juan Bosch overthrew acting President Donald Reid Cabral. The coup prompted General Elías Wessin y Wessin to organise elements of the military loyal to President Reid, known as loyalists, initiating an armed campaign against the so-called constitutionalist rebels. Allegations of foreign support for the rebels led to a United States intervention in the conflict, which later transformed into an Organization of American States occupation of the country.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14138033", "chunk_text": "\"Dominican Republic–Mexico relations\"\nSigma Alimentos. Dominican companies have invested over $3.6 million USD in Mexico. Dominican Republic–Mexico relations Dominican Republic–Mexico relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Mexico. Both nations have over the years joined several multilateral forums and are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations. The Dominican Republic and Mexico are two Latin American nations that were once colonized by the Spanish empire. After both nations gained independence from Spain; diplomatic relations between the Dominican Republic and Mexico", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_791	how did early humans make use of stones during the prehistoric period?	n/a	[ "hunt", "start fires", "bury their dead" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981335", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nStone Age The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking. Stone Age artifacts include tools used by modern humans and by their predecessor species in the genus \"\"Homo\"\", and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera \"\"Australopithecus\"\" and \"\"Paranthropus\"\". Bone tools were used during this period as well but are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19438036", "chunk_text": "\"History of materials science\"\none of the first descriptions of a metallurgical process. The use of materials begins in the stone age. Typically materials such as bone, fibers, feathers, shells, animal skin, and clay were used for weapons, tools, jewelry, and shelter. The earliest tools were in the paleolithic age, called Oldowan. These were tools created from chipped rocks that would be used for scavenging purpose. As history carried on into the Mesolithic age, tools became more complex and symmetrical in design with sharper edges. Moving into the Neolithic age, agriculture began to develop as new was to form tools for farming were discovered.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3138616", "chunk_text": "\"Prehistoric technology\"\nintrospection, and problem solving. The advent of agriculture resulted in lifestyle changes from nomadic lifestyles to ones lived in homes, with domesticated animals, and land farmed using more varied and sophisticated tools. Art, architecture, music and religion evolved over the course of the prehistoric periods. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used in the manufacture of implements with a sharp edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 2.5 million years, from the time of early hominids to \"\"Homo sapiens\"\" in the later Pleistocene era, and largely ended between 6000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5497289", "chunk_text": "Paleolithic\nPaleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic () is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 99% of human technological prehistory. It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene c. 11,650 cal BP. The Paleolithic is followed in Europe by the Mesolithic, although the date of the transition varies geographically by several thousand years. During the Paleolithic, hominins grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "234768", "chunk_text": "Technology\nbehaviors emerged, believed by many archaeologists to be connected to the emergence of fully modern language. Hominids started using primitive stone tools millions of years ago. The earliest stone tools were little more than a fractured rock, but approximately 75,000 years ago, pressure flaking provided a way to make much finer work. The discovery and utilization of fire, a simple energy source with many profound uses, was a turning point in the technological evolution of humankind. The exact date of its discovery is not known; evidence of burnt animal bones at the Cradle of Humankind suggests that the domestication of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13469177", "chunk_text": "Tool\n\"\"instrument\"\", \"\"utensil\"\", \"\"device\"\", or ware. Anthropologists believe that the use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind. Because tools are used extensively by both humans and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the divergence between the two species. These early tools, however, were likely made of perishable materials such as sticks, or consisted of unmodified stones that cannot be distinguished from other stones as tools. Stone artifacts only date back to about 2.5 million years ago. However, a 2010 study suggests the hominin species \"\"Australopithecus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12820550", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nchoice of a word depends on exact circumstances and the inclination of the archaeologists excavating the site. Microliths were used in the manufacture of more efficient composite tools, resulting in an intensification of hunting and fishing and with increasing social activity the development of more complex settlements, such as Lepenski Vir. Domestication of the dog as a hunting companion probably dates to this period. The earliest known confirmed battle occurred during the Mesolithic period at a site in Egypt known as Jebel Sahaba. The Neolithic, or New Stone Age, was approximately characterized by the adoption of agriculture. The shift from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3138619", "chunk_text": "\"Prehistoric technology\"\nand historians have been able to form significant inferences about the lifestyle and culture of various prehistoric peoples, and the role technology played in their lives. The Lower Paleolithic period was the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 2.5 million years ago when the first evidence of craft and use of stone tools by hominids appears in the current archaeological record, until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the Oldowan (\"\"mode 1\"\") and Acheulean (\"\"mode 2\"\") lithic technology. Early human (hominid) used stone tool technology, such as a hand axe that was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7641112", "chunk_text": "Human\nused by proto-humans at least 2.5 million years ago. The controlled use of fire began around 1.5 million years ago. Since then, humans have made major advances, developing complex technology to create tools to aid their lives and allowing for other advancements in culture. Major leaps in technology include the discovery of agriculture—what is known as the Neolithic Revolution, and the invention of automated machines in the Industrial Revolution. Archaeology attempts to tell the story of past or lost cultures in part by close examination of the artifacts they produced. Early humans left stone tools, pottery, and jewelry that are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1902472", "chunk_text": "Prehistory\nPrehistory Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems. The earliest writing systems appeared 5,300 years ago, but it took thousands of years for writing to be widely adopted and it was not used in some human cultures until the 19th century or even until the present. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different dates in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus valley civilization and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981360", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\n(and culture) to another. The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (from Greek: παλαιός, \"\"palaios\"\", \"\"old\"\"; and λίθος, \"\"lithos\"\", \"\"stone\"\" lit. \"\"old stone\"\", coined by archaeologist John Lubbock and published in 1865) is the earliest division of the Stone Age. It covers the greatest portion of humanity's time (roughly 99% of \"\"human technological history\"\", where \"\"human\"\" and \"\"humanity\"\" are interpreted to mean the genus \"\"Homo\"\"), extending from 2.5 or 2.6 million years ago, with the first documented use of stone tools by hominans such as \"\"Homo habilis\"\", to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BCE. The Paleolithic era ended with the Mesolithic,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981404", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\ntools were made from a variety of stones. For example, flint and chert were shaped (or \"\"chipped\"\") for use as cutting tools and weapons, while basalt and sandstone were used for ground stone tools, such as quern-stones. Wood, bone, shell, antler (deer) and other materials were widely used, as well. During the most recent part of the period, sediments (such as clay) were used to make pottery. Agriculture was developed and certain animals were domesticated as well. Some species of non-primates are able to use stone tools, such as the sea otter, which breaks abalone shells with them. Primates can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "864558", "chunk_text": "\"Stone circle\"\nexplain their use, usually around providing a setting for ceremony or ritual, there is no consensus among archaeologists as to their intended function. Their construction often involved considerable communal effort, including specialist tasks such as planning, quarrying, transportation, laying the foundation trenches, and final construction. The earliest known circles were erected around five thousand years ago during the Neolithic period. During the Middle Neolithic (c. 3700–2500 BCE) stone circles began to appear in coastal and lowland areas towards the north of the United Kingdom. The Langdale axe industry in the Lake District appears to have been an important early centre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283273", "chunk_text": "\"History of technology\"\nmillion years ago. This era of stone tool use is called the \"\"Paleolithic\"\", or \"\"Old stone age\"\", and spans all of human history up to the development of agriculture approximately 12,000 years ago. To make a stone tool, a \"\"core\"\" of hard stone with specific flaking properties (such as flint) was struck with a hammerstone. This flaking produced sharp edges which could be used as tools, primarily in the form of choppers or scrapers. These tools greatly aided the early humans in their hunter-gatherer lifestyle to perform a variety of tasks including butchering carcasses (and breaking bones to get at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15431430", "chunk_text": "\"Lower Paleolithic\"\nto grow more complex, with prepared-core technique lithics, earliest instances of burial and changes to hunting-gathering patterns of subsistence. \"\"Homo sapiens\"\" first appear about 300,000 years ago, as evidenced by fossils found at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco. Lower Paleolithic The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production and use by hominins appears in the current archaeological record, until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the Oldowan (\"\"mode 1\"\") and Acheulean (\"\"mode 2\"\") lithics industries.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "113790", "chunk_text": "Cairn\nCairn A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones. The word \"\"cairn\"\" comes from the (plural ). Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes, from prehistoric times to the present. In modern times, cairns are often erected as landmarks, a use they have had since ancient times. However, since prehistory, they have also been built and used as burial monuments; for defense and hunting; for ceremonial purposes, sometimes relating to astronomy; to locate buried items, such as caches of food or objects; and to mark trails, among other purposes. Cairns are used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3354639", "chunk_text": "\"Stone tool\"\nessentially because the handle gives the user protection against the flint and also improves leverage of the device. In prehistoric Japan, ground stone tools appear during the Japanese Paleolithic period, that lasted from around 40,000 BC to 14,000 BC. Elsewhere, ground stone tools became important during the Neolithic period beginning about 10,000 BC. These ground or polished implements are manufactured from larger-grained materials such as basalt, jade and jadeite, greenstone and some forms of rhyolite which are not suitable for flaking. The greenstone industry was important in the English Lake District, and is known as the Langdale axe industry. Ground", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5497312", "chunk_text": "Paleolithic\ndenisova\"\". Hominin fossils not belonging either to \"\"Homo neanderthalensis\"\" or to \"\"Homo sapiens\"\" species, found in the Altai Mountains and Indonesia, were radiocarbon dated to BP and BP respectively. For the duration of the Paleolithic, human populations remained low, especially outside the equatorial region. The entire population of Europe between 16,000 and 11,000 BP likely averaged some 30,000 individuals, and between 40,000 and 16,000 BP, it was even lower at 4,000–6,000 individuals. Paleolithic humans made tools of stone, bone, and wood. The early paleolithic hominins, \"\"Australopithecus\"\", were the first users of stone tools. Excavations in Gona, Ethiopia have produced thousands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10086893", "chunk_text": "\"Lithic technology\"\nLithic technology Lithic technology includes a broad array of techniques and styles in archaeology, which are used to produce usable tools from various types of stone. The earliest stone tools were recovered from modern Ethiopia and were dated to between two-million and three-million years old. The archaeological record of lithic technology is divided into three major time periods: the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age). Not all cultures in all parts of the world exhibit the same pattern of lithic technological development, and stone tool technology continues to be used to this day,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10470612", "chunk_text": "Paleolithic\nThe Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Other organic commodities were adapted for use as tools, including leather and vegetable fibers; however, due to their nature, these have not been preserved to any great degree. About 50,000 years ago, there was a marked increase in the diversity of artifacts. In Africa, bone artifacts and the first art appear in the archaeological record. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted, from artifacts in places such as Blombos cave in South Africa. Archaeologists classify artifacts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981348", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\ndeveloped cultures. The term was innovated to describe the archaeological cultures of Europe. It may not always be the best in relation to regions such as some parts of the Indies and Oceania, where farmers or hunter-gatherers used stone for tools until European colonisation began. The archaeologists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries CE, who adapted the three-age system to their ideas, hoped to combine cultural anthropology and archaeology in such a way that a specific contemporaneous tribe can be used to illustrate the way of life and beliefs of the people exercising a specific Stone-Age technology. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17856225", "chunk_text": "\"Stone sculpture\"\nis an activity older than civilization itself, beginning perhaps with incised images on cave walls. Prehistoric sculptures were usually human forms, such as the Venus of Willendorf and the faceless statues of the Cycladic cultures of ancient Greece. Later cultures devised animal, human-animal and abstract forms in stone. The earliest cultures used abrasive techniques, and modern technology employs pneumatic hammers and other devices. But for most of human history, sculptors used hammer and chisel as the basic tools for carving stone. Soapstone, with a Mohs hardness of about 2, is an easily worked stone, commonly used by beginning students of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1902498", "chunk_text": "Prehistory\nto revision due to new discoveries or improved calculations. BP stands for \"\"Before Present (1950).\"\" BCE stands for Before Common Era\"\". Prehistory Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems. The earliest writing systems appeared 5,300 years ago, but it took thousands of years for writing to be widely adopted and it was not used in some human cultures until the 19th century or even until the present. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different dates in different places, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7328120", "chunk_text": "\"Stone carving\"\nstone carving are the result of hitting or scratching a softer stone with a harder one, although sometimes more resilient materials such as antlers are known to have been used for relatively soft stone. Another early technique was to use an abrasive that was rubbed on the stone to remove the unwanted area. Prior to the discovery of steel by any culture, all stone carving was carried out by using an abrasion technique, following rough hewing of the stone block using hammers. The reason for this is that bronze, the hardest available metal until steel, is not hard enough to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3138615", "chunk_text": "\"Prehistoric technology\"\nPrehistoric technology Prehistoric technology is technology that predates recorded history. History is the study of the past using written records. Anything prior to the first written accounts of history is prehistoric, including earlier technologies. About 2.5 million years before writing was developed, technology began with the earliest hominids who used stone tools, which they may have used to start fires, hunt, and bury their dead. There are several factors that made the evolution of prehistoric technology possible or necessary. One of the key factors is behavioral modernity of the highly developed brain of \"\"Homo sapiens\"\" capable of abstract reasoning, language,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2692434", "chunk_text": "Archaeology\nactivity, it stretches back to about 2.5 million years ago when we find the first stone tools – The Oldowan Industry. Many important developments in human history occurred during prehistory, such as the evolution of humanity during the Paleolithic period, when the hominins developed from the australopithecines in Africa and eventually into modern \"\"Homo sapiens\"\". Archaeology also sheds light on many of humanity's technological advances, for instance the ability to use fire, the development of stone tools, the discovery of metallurgy, the beginnings of religion and the creation of agriculture. Without archaeology, we would know little or nothing about the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5100727", "chunk_text": "\"Building material\"\nfor early settlers. Circular huts were constructed from loose granite rocks throughout the Neolithic and early Bronze Age, and the remains of an estimated 5,000 can still be seen today. Granite continued to be used throughout the Medieval period (see Dartmoor longhouse) and into modern times. Slate is another stone type, commonly used as roofing material in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world where it is found. Stone buildings can be seen in most major cities; some civilizations built entirely with stone such as the Egyptian and Aztec pyramids and the structures of the Inca civilization. Thatch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10470669", "chunk_text": "Paleolithic\nfor the purpose of the figurines have been proposed, such as Catherine McCoid and LeRoy McDermott's hypothesis that they were self-portraits of woman artists and R.Dale Gutrie's hypothesis that served as \"\"stone age pornography\"\". The origins of music during the Paleolithic are unknown. The earliest forms of music probably did not use musical instruments other than the human voice or natural objects such as rocks. This early music would not have left an archaeological footprint. Music may have developed from rhythmic sounds produced by daily chores, for example, cracking open nuts with stones. Maintaining a rhythm while working may have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981364", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nGorge in Tanzania. The tools were formed by knocking pieces off a river pebble, or stones like it, with a hammerstone to obtain large and small pieces with one or more sharp edges. The original stone is called a core; the resultant pieces, flakes. Typically, but not necessarily, small pieces are detached from a larger piece, in which case the larger piece may be called the core and the smaller pieces the flakes. The prevalent usage, however, is to call all the results flakes, which can be confusing. A split in half is called bipolar flaking. Consequently, the method is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936285", "chunk_text": "Lapidary\nthe powers of stones included their ability to prevent harm, heal ailments, or offer health benefits. \"\"Lapidary\"\" appeared as an English adjective in the 18th century. The earliest known lapidary work likely occurred during the Stone Age. As people created tools from stone, they inevitably realized that some geological materials were harder than others. The next earliest documented examples of what one may consider to be lapidary arts came in the form of drilling stone and rock. The earliest roots of drilling rocks date back to approximately one million years ago. The early Egyptians developed cutting and jewelry fashioning methods", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3377812", "chunk_text": "Knapping\nmethod of manufacture is believed to have been used to make some of the earliest stone tools ever found, some of which date from over 2 million years ago. \"\"Soft hammer\"\" techniques are more precise than hard hammer methods of shaping stone. Soft hammer techniques allow a knapper to shape a stone into many different kinds of cutting, scraping, and projectile tools. These \"\"soft hammer\"\" techniques also produce longer, thinner flakes, potentially allowing for material conservation or a lighter lithic tool kit to be carried by mobile societies. \"\"Pressure flaking\"\" involves removing narrow flakes along the edge of a stone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8483602", "chunk_text": "\"Human evolution\"\nuse tools. Precisely when early humans started to use tools is difficult to determine, because the more primitive these tools are (for example, sharp-edged stones) the more difficult it is to decide whether they are natural objects or human artifacts. There is some evidence that the australopithecines (4 Ma) may have used broken bones as tools, but this is debated. Many species make and use tools, but it is the human genus that dominates the areas of making and using more complex tools. The oldest known tools are flakes from West Turkana, Kenya, which date to 3.3 million years ago.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3138637", "chunk_text": "\"Prehistoric technology\"\nan early priestly class or theocracy is often present or in development. Prehistoric technology Prehistoric technology is technology that predates recorded history. History is the study of the past using written records. Anything prior to the first written accounts of history is prehistoric, including earlier technologies. About 2.5 million years before writing was developed, technology began with the earliest hominids who used stone tools, which they may have used to start fires, hunt, and bury their dead. There are several factors that made the evolution of prehistoric technology possible or necessary. One of the key factors is behavioral modernity of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1019458", "chunk_text": "\"Ground stone\"\nground stone tools appear during the Japanese Paleolithic, possibly predating adoption elsewhere in the Neolithic by 25,000 years. Ground stones were created and used for a wide variety of reasons. Each use resulted in a different development and process by which a person created their ground stone. For example, the process for creating the head of a hammer is different from the process used to create a detailed decoration piece for one’s home. That being said, there are some processes that are basic to most ground stone making. When choosing what type of stone to use for a ground stone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981405", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nboth use and manufacture stone tools. This combination of abilities is more marked in apes and men, but only men, or more generally Hominans, depend on tool use for survival. The key anatomical and behavioral features required for tool manufacture, which are possessed only by Hominans, are the larger thumb and the ability to hold by means of an assortment of grips. Food sources of the Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers were wild plants and animals harvested from the environment. They liked animal organ meats, including the livers, kidneys and brains. Large seeded legumes were part of the human diet long before the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283274", "chunk_text": "\"History of technology\"\nthe marrow); chopping wood; cracking open nuts; skinning an animal for its hide, and even forming other tools out of softer materials such as bone and wood. The earliest stone tools were irrelevant, being little more than a fractured rock. In the Acheulian era, beginning approximately 1.65 million years ago, methods of working these stone into specific shapes, such as hand axes emerged. This early Stone Age is described as the Lower Paleolithic. The Middle Paleolithic, approximately 300,000 years ago, saw the introduction of the prepared-core technique, where multiple blades could be rapidly formed from a single core stone. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5497333", "chunk_text": "Paleolithic\nbegan to rely on agriculture for sustenance in many locations. Much evidence exists that humans took part in long-distance trade between bands for rare commodities (such as ochre, which was often used for religious purposes such as ritual) and raw materials, as early as 120,000 years ago in Middle Paleolithic. Inter-band trade may have appeared during the Middle Paleolithic because trade between bands would have helped ensure their survival by allowing them to exchange resources and commodities such as raw materials during times of relative scarcity (i.e. famine, drought). Like in modern hunter-gatherer societies, individuals in Paleolithic societies may have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13291488", "chunk_text": "Paleolithic\ntool manufacturing spawned a tool making technique known as the prepared-core technique, that was more elaborate than previous Acheulean techniques. This technique increased efficiency by allowing the creation of more controlled and consistent flakes. It allowed Middle Paleolithic humans to create stone tipped spears, which were the earliest composite tools, by hafting sharp, pointy stone flakes onto wooden shafts. In addition to improving tool making methods, the Middle Paleolithic also saw an improvement of the tools themselves that allowed access to a wider variety and amount of food sources. For example, microliths or small stone tools or points were invented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15138448", "chunk_text": "\"Stone tool\"\nit has become too small to use. In some strategies, however, a flintknapper reduces the core to a rough unifacial or bifacial preform, which is further reduced using soft hammer flaking techniques or by pressure flaking the edges. More complex forms of reduction include the production of highly standardized blades, which can then be fashioned into a variety of tools such as scrapers, knives, sickles and microliths. In general terms, chipped stone tools are nearly ubiquitous in all pre-metal-using societies because they are easily manufactured, the tool stone is usually plentiful, and they are easy to transport and sharpen. Archaeologists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15138467", "chunk_text": "\"Stone tool\"\nand sharper knife-like tools as well as scrapers. Also known as the \"\"prepared core technique,\"\" flakes are struck from worked cores and then subsequently retouched. The Mousterian Industry was developed and used primarily by the Neanderthals, a native European and Middle Eastern hominin species, but a broadly similar industry is contemporaneously widespread in Africa. The widespread use of long blades (rather than flakes) of the Upper Palaeolithic Mode 4 industries appeared during the Upper Palaeolithic between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago, although blades were still produced in small quantities much earlier by Neanderthals The Aurignacian culture seems to have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15643106", "chunk_text": "\"Human evolution\"\nAcheulian), later \"\"retouched\"\" by additional, more-subtle strikes at the sides of the flakes. After 350,000 BP the more refined so-called Levallois technique was developed, a series of consecutive strikes, by which scrapers, slicers (\"\"racloirs\"\"), needles, and flattened needles were made. Finally, after about 50,000 BP, ever more refined and specialized flint tools were made by the Neanderthals and the immigrant Cro-Magnons (knives, blades, skimmers). In this period they also started to make tools out of bone. Until about 50,000–40,000 years ago, the use of stone tools seems to have progressed stepwise. Each phase (\"\"H. habilis\"\", \"\"H. ergaster\"\", \"\"H. neanderthalensis\"\") started", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981344", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nthe Stone Age ended in a given area. In Europe and North America, millstones were in use until well into the 20th century, and still are in many parts of the world. The terms \"\"Stone Age\"\", \"\"Bronze Age\"\", and \"\"Iron Age\"\" were never meant to suggest that advancement and time periods in prehistory are only measured by the type of tool material, rather than, for example, social organization, food sources exploited, adaptation to climate, adoption of agriculture, cooking, settlement and religion. Like pottery, the typology of the stone tools combined with the relative sequence of the types in various regions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6471591", "chunk_text": "Oldowan\nOldowan The Oldowan (or Mode I) is the earliest widespread stone tool archaeological industry (style) in prehistory. These early tools were simple, usually made with one or a few flakes chipped off with another stone. Oldowan tools were used during the Lower Paleolithic period, 2.6 million years ago up until 1.7 million years ago, by ancient hominids (early humans) across much of Africa, South Asia, the Middle East and Europe. This technological industry was followed by the more sophisticated Acheulean industry. Oldowan is pre-dated by Lomekwian tools at a single site dated to 3.3 mya (million years ago). It's not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981338", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nrecently. Starting in the grasslands of the rift, \"\"Homo erectus\"\", the predecessor of modern humans, found an ecological niche as a tool-maker and developed a dependence on it, becoming a \"\"tool equipped savanna dweller\"\". The oldest indirect evidence found of stone tool use is fossilised animal bones with tool marks; these are 3.4 million years old and were found in the Lower Awash Valley in Ethiopia. Archaeological discoveries in Kenya in 2015, identifying possibly the oldest known evidence of hominin use of tools to date, have indicated that Kenyanthropus platyops (a 3.2 to 3.5-million-year-old Pliocene hominin fossil discovered in Lake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283272", "chunk_text": "\"History of technology\"\na lifestyle which involved limited tools and few permanent settlements. The first major technologies were tied to survival, hunting, and food preparation. Stone tools and weapons, fire, and clothing were technological developments of major importance during this period. Human ancestors have been using stone and other tools since long before the emergence of \"\"Homo sapiens\"\" approximately 200,000 years ago. The earliest methods of stone tool making, known as the Oldowan \"\"industry\"\", date back to at least 2.3 million years ago, with the earliest direct evidence of tool usage found in Ethiopia within the Great Rift Valley, dating back to 2.5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981361", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nor in areas with an early neolithisation, the Epipaleolithic. At sites dating from the Lower Paleolithic Period (about 2,500,000 to 200,000 years ago), simple pebble tools have been found in association with the remains of what may have been the earliest human ancestors. A somewhat more sophisticated Lower Paleolithic tradition, known as the Chopper chopping-tool industry, is widely distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere. This tradition is thought to have been the work of the hominin species named Homo erectus. Although no such fossil tools have yet been found, it is believed that H. erectus probably made tools of wood and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11361894", "chunk_text": "Microlith\nMicrolith A microlith is a small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimetre or so in length and half a centimetre wide. They were made by humans from around 35,000 to 3,000 years ago, across Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. The microliths were used in spear points and arrowheads. Microliths are produced from either a small blade (microblade) or a larger blade-like piece of flint by abrupt or truncated retouching, which leaves a very typical piece of waste, called a microburin. The microliths themselves are sufficiently worked so as to be distinguishable from workshop waste", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11380242", "chunk_text": "\"Ground stone\"\nGround stone In archaeology, ground stone is a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally. Ground stone tools are usually made of basalt, rhyolite, granite, or other cryptocrystalline and igneous stones whose coarse structure makes them ideal for grinding other materials, including plants and other stones. The adoption of ground stone technology is associated closely with the Neolithic, also called the New Stone Age. The Stone Age comes from the three-age system developed by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen. In the Levant ground stones appear in Mesolithic 2 (Natufian). In prehistoric Japan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12820561", "chunk_text": "\"Stone Age\"\nabout the dating have been raised, see Terra Amata). Several human habitats dating back to the Stone Age have been discovered around the globe, including: Prehistoric art is visible in the artifacts. Prehistoric music is inferred from found instruments, while parietal art can be found on rocks of any kind. The latter are petroglyphs and rock paintings. The art may or may not have had a religious function. Petroglyphs appeared in the Neolithic. A Petroglyph is an intaglio abstract or symbolic image engraved on natural stone by various methods, usually by prehistoric peoples. They were a dominant form of pre-writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15431424", "chunk_text": "\"Lower Paleolithic\"\nLower Paleolithic The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production and use by hominins appears in the current archaeological record, until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the Oldowan (\"\"mode 1\"\") and Acheulean (\"\"mode 2\"\") lithics industries. In African archaeology, the time period roughly corresponds to the Early Stone Age, the earliest finds dating back to 3.3 million years ago, with Lomekwian stone tool technology, spanning Mode 1 stone tool technology, which begins roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_792	who wrote the text for jeanie with the light brown hair?	n/a	[ "Stephen Foster" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2228214", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\nJeanie with the Light Brown Hair \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\" is a parlor song by Stephen Foster (1826–1864). It was published by Firth, Pond & Co. of New York in 1854. Foster wrote the song with his estranged wife Jane McDowell in mind. The lyrics allude to a permanent separation. \"\"Jeanie\"\" was a notorious beneficiary of the ASCAP boycott of 1941, a dispute caused by ASCAP increasing its licensing fees. During this period, radio broadcasters played only public domain music or songs licensed by ASCAP rival BMI. According to a 1941 article in \"\"Time\"\" magazine, \"\"So often had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15477155", "chunk_text": "\"Jane McDowell Foster Wiley\"\nJane McDowell Foster Wiley Jane Denny McDowell Foster Wiley was born December 10, 1829. She died at the age of seventy-three in a fire on January 17, 1903 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is best known for being the wife of Stephen Foster and being the inspiration for Foster's song Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair. Her archives are located in the University of Pittsburgh. Jane's father, Andrew Nathan McDowell, was a well-known physician in Pittsburgh. He encouraged the first black medical student from Western Pennsylvania to apply to and attend Harvard Medical School. Dr. McDowell wrote a letter of recommendation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14525174", "chunk_text": "\"I Dream of Jeanie (film)\"\nlove Inez McDowell, a classically trained singer, despises popular music, especially Stephen's songs. Foster's world changes when Edwin P. Christy sets him straight on the music business and launches his career as an author of the songs the Christy Minstrels use in their shows. I Dream of Jeanie (film) I Dream of Jeanie is a 1952 American historical musical film based on the songs and life of Stephen Foster who wrote the song \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\" from which the title is taken. The film was directed by Allan Dwan for Republic Pictures and was shot in Trucolor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14525173", "chunk_text": "\"I Dream of Jeanie (film)\"\nI Dream of Jeanie (film) I Dream of Jeanie is a 1952 American historical musical film based on the songs and life of Stephen Foster who wrote the song \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\" from which the title is taken. The film was directed by Allan Dwan for Republic Pictures and was shot in Trucolor. The film is also known as I Dream of Jeanie (with the Light Brown Hair). In 1849 the song \"\"Oh, Susannah\"\" is a nationwide hit—but bookkeeper Stephen Foster has given his work to several music houses without charge and without credit. His refined true", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2228215", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\nBMI's Jeannie [sic] With the Light Brown Hair been played that she was widely reported to have turned grey.\"\" Bing Crosby recorded the song on March 22, 1940, for Decca Records with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra. Violinist Jascha Heifetz transcribed the song for the violin and it became a signature piece for him for years. The transcription has been performed by many subsequent violinists. The opening line notably got used as the basis for the title of the TV series \"\"I Dream of Jeannie\"\". In the 1956 Bugs Bunny short \"\"Broomstick Bunny\"\", a play on the title is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4345653", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Foster's sketchbook\"\nand initials. In addition to the digital version, a photostat of the sketchbook was published by the staff of the Foster Hall Collection in 1933. This full transcript of the book was created by Deane L. Root and edited by Kathryn Miller Haines in June 2000. The Transcript field within the database contains the text and is searchable. Foliation (recto and verso) numbers were supplied in 1986 using archival techniques. The draft and original text for Foster's song \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\" is contained in the sketchbook. In addition, Foster records his meeting with Charles Dickens while Dickens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2228217", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\nA few lines of the song's first stanza are sung loudly, a cappella, in the \"\"Band of Brothers\"\" episode \"\"Bastogne\"\" by soldiers Joseph Liebgott, James Alley and an unnamed soldier in a foxhole, shortly before being shelled by Nazi artillery. In the John Cassavetes motion picture \"\"Faces\"\", an important scene occurs which revolves around the singing of this song. The full title is used as the nickname for character Jeanie in \"\"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\"\", most notably several times in the episode \"\"The Cold Open\"\". One of the Pink Panther animated cartoons is entitled \"\"Genie with the Light", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2228219", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\nwith its proper, correct lyrics until they know them by heart as punishment. In an animated alphabet segment from \"\"Sesame Street\"\" featuring a boy with a big egg on his knee and a girl jumping rope. they comment on the egg while reciting bits of the alphabet in rhyme; after they reach the end with Z, the egg bursts and hatches a tap dancing lizard who does a singing soft shoe version of the song. In the movie Beyond Tomorrow (1940), the character Jimmy Houston (Richard Carlson) sang the entire song during a Christmas dinner with a band accompaniment. Jeanie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19830424", "chunk_text": "\"John Woods House (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)\"\nservant girl who worked at the Woods house. The song was composed on Rachel Keller Woods' piano, on which Foster is said to have written other classics (including \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\"), and the instrument is currently housed at the Stephen Foster Memorial in Pittsburgh. This house is currently owned by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). It may be developed into a Scottish pub. John Woods House (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) The John Woods House at 4604 Monongahela Street in the Hazelwood neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a vernacular stone house that was built in 1792. It was added to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "410720", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (TV series)\"\nJeanie with the Light Brown Hair (TV series) The story begins in a small town in Pennsylvania in 1838. Jeanie MacDowell is a cheerful and beautiful girl with light brown hair (although this could be perceived as being blonde hair). Jeanie enjoys playing the piano and loves taking piano lessons from her mother. Steven, a good harmonica player, and Bill, a boy who is very good at playing the banjo, are great friends of Jeanie's. They enjoy playing music together like a small band. However, Jeanie's happy life changes dramatically after her mother suddenly passes away. Experiencing many difficulties and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16587794", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\nused in the closing lines: \"\"Hello, air-raid headquarters? Well, you're not gonna believe this, but I just saw a genie with light brown hair chasing a flying sorceress.\"\" Bugs would also, in other shorts, sing a variation: \"\"I dream of Jeanie, she's a light brown hare.\"\" Episode 12 of the first season of the Phil Silvers Show, title \"\"Singing Contest\"\" involves his platoon very badly singing the same song throughout the show but a private in the platoon who has an excellent singing voice saves their chances to win and they all end up in Florida for the Army finals.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17777590", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (TV series)\"\nlearning the importance of life, she decides to devote her life to helping many people suffering from illness. The series is a love story about the relationship between Steven and Jeanie - clearly a reference to Stephen Foster and his wife Jeanie. French Title: Le Rêve de Jeannie (\"\"The Dream of Jeannie\"\") The series aired in late 1996 (23 December) on French TV channel TF1 under Club Dorothée, a French television show with programming primarily focused on the youth. Only 38 episodes out of the total 52 were aired on television, leaving episodes 39-52 unreleased on television on France. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14344206", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda of Honeymoon Hill\"\n(as Mr. Lenord), later a familiar radio voice as friendly undertaker Digger O'Dell on \"\"The Life of Riley\"\". Organist Ann Leaf supplied the program's background music, and the opening theme was Stephen Foster's 1854 tune, \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair.\"\" In addition to Frank Gallop and George Ansbro, other announcers were Howard Claney and Hugh Conover. Anne Hummert unintentionally scripted a prominent double meaning into the show's opening, and this amused many since it was heard for years without change, as described by George Ansbro in his book, \"\"I Have a Lady in the Balcony\"\": The program was sponsored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9954860", "chunk_text": "\"Jeannie Barroga\"\nJeannie Barroga Jeannie Barroga (born 1949) is a Filipina American playwright. Barroga was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1949. When she was a child, she and her family were the only people of color who lived in their neighborhood, and she has described this early experience of cultural difference as an inspiration for much of her later writing. She attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. She moved to California after college and remains a resident of the Bay Area. Barroga began writing plays in 1979, after her father's death. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18268390", "chunk_text": "\"Buddy Kaye\"\nis the co-written theme song to the television series \"\"I Dream of Jeannie\"\". In 1975, he won a Grammy Award for best children's album for his production of \"\"The Little Prince,\"\" read by Richard Burton. Kaye completed the book and lyrics to \"\"When Garbo Talks!\"\", his final work, in 2002. The musical had its world premiere at International City Theatre, Long Beach Performing Arts Center, on October 15, 2010. Notes Buddy Kaye Jules Leonard \"\"Buddy\"\" Kaye (January 3, 1918 New York City - November 21, 2002 Rancho Mirage, California) was an American songwriter, musician, producer, author and publisher. His songs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10078437", "chunk_text": "\"Donna Wyant\"\nDonna Wyant Donna Wyant (born Donna McLaughlin, and often credited as Donna McLaughlin Wyant) is an actress, director, singer, songwriter, and producer. She is an Emmy Award winning producer, and Clio Award recipient for her network television promotional campaigns. She is an alumna of the HB Studio, where she studied with Uta Hagen. Acting credits include: playing the role of Jeanie in the first European tour of the musical \"\"Hair\"\", which opened in Munich in 1968; numerous off-Broadway productions; The Wellfleet Harbor Players and The Provincetown Players in Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Teatro Goldoni in Italy; The Ramses Shaffy Theater; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15731552", "chunk_text": "\"Jeannie G. Pool\"\nJeannie G. Pool Jeannie Gayle Pool (born 1951) is an American composer, author and music producer. Jeannie Pool was born in Paris, Illinois, and studied music in New York City at Hunter College of the City University of New York, where she received a bachelor's degree in music. She received a master's degree from California State University, Northridge, and a Ph.D. from Claremont Graduate University. After completing her studies, Pool taught music at Fullerton College and Mount Saint Mary's College and worked as a radio and music producer. She began composing for stage productions and youth orchestras and went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617008", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Eaton\"\nSally Eaton Sally Eaton is a Wiccan High Priestess, liturgist, singer and actress, whose credits include creating and playing the role of Jeanie in the stage production of the hit Broadway musical \"\"Hair\"\", and, as a member of Doric Wilson's professional theater company TOSOS (The Other Side of Silence), acting in the Doric Wilson plays \"\"Now She Dances!\"\" and \"\"Street Theater\"\". In the mid-1970s she migrated to the San Francisco Bay Area, becoming a third degree Priestess in New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn and was heavily involved in the West Coast Craft Tradition and the California revival", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5556551", "chunk_text": "\"Sister Golden Hair\"\nSister Golden Hair \"\"Sister Golden Hair\"\" is a song written by Gerry Beckley and recorded by the band America for their fifth album \"\"Hearts\"\" (1975). It was their second single to reach number one on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, remaining in the top position for one week. The lyrics were largely inspired by the works of Jackson Browne. Beckley commented, \"\"[Jackson Browne] has a knack, an ability to put words to music, that is much more like the L.A. approach to just genuine observation as opposed to simplifying it down to its bare essentials... I find Jackson can depress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18593236", "chunk_text": "\"Music history of the United States to the Civil War\"\n\"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\" and \"\"Oh My Darling Clementine\"\". These songs, especially those by Foster, could be considered the beginning of American popular music. It has been called beginning of the \"\"increasing influence of the Afro-American style of song and dance in American life\"\" (Stearns and Stearns, \"\"Jazz Dance\"\", quoted in Chase, 232). Following the Civil War, a form of song developed with some distinctive characteristics that may be of ancient origin, perhaps related to the call-and-response format. These songs consisted of three 4-bar phrases. The first two were identical and described a problem, beginning on the implied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8561913", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie Deans\"\nJeanie Deans Jeanie Deans is a fictional character in Sir Walter Scott's novel \"\"The Heart of Midlothian\"\" first published in 1818. She was one of Scott's most celebrated characters during the 19th century; she was renowned as an example of an honest, upright, sincere, highly religious person. The name \"\"Jeanie Deans\"\" was given to several pubs, ships, railway locomotives, an opera, a play, a poem, a song, a hybrid rose, an antipodean potato, and a geriatric unit in a hospital. They all take their name from Scott's heroine. There was also a so-called Jeanie Deans' Cottage in Edinburgh. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15731554", "chunk_text": "\"Jeannie G. Pool\"\nfor films and stage productions, choral performance, chamber ensemble and orchestra. Selected works include: Her works have been recorded and issued on CD. Jeannie G. Pool Jeannie Gayle Pool (born 1951) is an American composer, author and music producer. Jeannie Pool was born in Paris, Illinois, and studied music in New York City at Hunter College of the City University of New York, where she received a bachelor's degree in music. She received a master's degree from California State University, Northridge, and a Ph.D. from Claremont Graduate University. After completing her studies, Pool taught music at Fullerton College and Mount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9886438", "chunk_text": "\"Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway (song)\"\nto the singer is atypical from Foster's usual preference of precise, literally exact note for note, interpretations. Thus, the ad lib designation was scarcely used by Foster and can, in fact, be found in only two of the composer's previous songs: \"\"Mary Loves the Flowers\"\" (1850) and \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\" (1854). Foster may have anticipated that the publication of his parlor songs helped to improve his notoriety, but the ballads did not generate the hoped-for income when compared to his minstrel songs. Foster recorded that \"\"Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway!\"\" had earned $8.12 in royalties", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12341481", "chunk_text": "\"Oliver (singer)\"\ncelebrity disc jockey, Phlash Phelps, served as honorary co-chair(s) with Brown. Oliver was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2010. Oliver (singer) William Oliver Swofford (February 22, 1945 – February 12, 2000), known professionally as Oliver, was an American pop singer, best known for his 1969 song \"\"Good Morning Starshine\"\" from the musical \"\"Hair\"\" as well as \"\"Jean\"\" (the theme from the film \"\"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\"\"). William Oliver Swofford was born on February 22, 1945, in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, to Jack and Helen Swofford. He was a recipient of the prestigious Morehead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17705454", "chunk_text": "\"ASCAP boycott\"\nJanuary 1 to October 29, 1941, no music licensed by ASCAP (1,250,000 songs) was broadcast on NBC nor CBS radio stations. Instead, the stations played songs in the public domain, regional music and styles (like rhythm and blues or country) that had been traditionally disdained by ASCAP. And it resulted in a lot of classical compositions being recorded by the big bands. When the differences between ASCAP and the broadcasters were resolved, ASCAP agreed to settle for a lower fee than they had initially demanded. \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\", an 1854 song, was a notorious beneficiary of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12341467", "chunk_text": "\"Oliver (singer)\"\nOliver (singer) William Oliver Swofford (February 22, 1945 – February 12, 2000), known professionally as Oliver, was an American pop singer, best known for his 1969 song \"\"Good Morning Starshine\"\" from the musical \"\"Hair\"\" as well as \"\"Jean\"\" (the theme from the film \"\"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\"\"). William Oliver Swofford was born on February 22, 1945, in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, to Jack and Helen Swofford. He was a recipient of the prestigious Morehead Scholarship and attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill starting in 1963 and began singing as an undergraduate. He was a member", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14867062", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie Deans (play)\"\nJeanie Deans (play) The play Jeanie Deans was written by Dion Boucicault in 1860. It was based on Sir Walter Scott's novel, \"\"The Heart of Midlothian\"\" and is named after the heroine of the novel, Jeanie Deans. It was first produced on 9 January 1860 at Laura Keene's Theatre, New York City. It was produced in London at the Westminster Theatre on 26 January 1863 under the title of 'The Trial of Effie Deans', and in Edinburgh at the Theatre Royal in 1910. Thomas Hailes Lacy seems to have incorporated Boucicault's play in a later publication entitled: \"\"The Heart of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3774473", "chunk_text": "\"Paule Marshall\"\nPaule Marshall Paule Marshall (born April 9, 1929) is an American author, best known for her 1959 novel \"\"Brown Girl, Brownstones\"\". In 1992, at the age of 63, Marshall was awarded a Macarthur Fellowship Grant. Marshall was born Valenza Pauline Burke in Brooklyn, NY, to Adriana Viola Clement Burke and Sam Burke. Marshall's father had migrated from Barbados to New York in 1919 and, during her childhood, deserted the family to join a quasi-religious cult, leaving his wife to raise their children by herself. Smitten with the poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, Marshall changed her given name from Pauline to Paule", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3802676", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie Cunningham\"\nthe Internet with its own website dedicated to the education of music to those who are interested in pursuing it as a career. In 2007, and after a six-year dedicated effort, Jeanie completed 23 compositions for her first musical, \"\"DULA\"\", (from the play written by Paul Elliott), which gives a detailed and dramatic history of the folk-song legend, Tom Dooley, and how an innocent man was hung for a crime he did not commit in the years immediately following the Civil War. Its first staged reading was performed by Northwestern University in 2012 and the world premiere of the full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16001967", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie MacPherson\"\nJeanie MacPherson Jeanie MacPherson (May 18, 1886 – August 26, 1946) was an American actress, writer, and director from 1908 until the late 1940s. She was a pioneer for women in the film industry. She worked with some of the best filmmakers of the time period including D. W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. While she started in the theater, and then had a brief stint as an actress, she ultimately dedicated her life's work to screenwriting for DeMille. She was appraised for her new level resourcefulness and attentiveness to the needs of DeMille. MacPherson was born Abbie Jean Macpherson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16617823", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie Cunningham\"\n1960s. She composed her first song at the age of eight, strumming the tune on a homemade cardboard and rubber-band guitar. At age eleven, she was given a series of I.Q. tests as well as musical aptitude tests. She scored relatively high in I.Q., (132), but even higher in music. Disregarding what was then determined as Jeanie's \"\"prodigious musical talent\"\", her parents didn’t allow her formal music instruction and as a consequence, she never learned how to read or write music notation. Despite the lack of formal musical training, Jeanie taught herself to play the ukulele, then guitar, then piano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4587033", "chunk_text": "\"Brown hair\"\nself-sufficient by 67 percent of the men, and as intelligent by 81 percent. According to \"\"Allure\"\" magazine, in 2005, 76 percent of American women believe that the first female president of the United States will have brown hair. Anita Loos, the author of the novel and play \"\"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\"\", wrote a sequel entitled \"\"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\"\". A film of this was made, \"\"Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\"\", starring Jane Russell and Jeanne Crain. The Lady of Shalott from Lord Tennyson's poem is depicted as a brunette in most paintings. The woman portrayed in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting, \"\"Mona", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17221253", "chunk_text": "\"Annie-B Parson\"\nrole, starting a decades-long collaboration between her and Parson. The piece was also inspired by the writings Christa Wolff with text by Aeschylus, Pinter and Marguerite Yourcenar. It featured original music by Walter Tompson, performed live. Four monitors on the floor included footage of small scampering animal babies. The New York Times described The Gag as “a bouillabaisse of a theater-dance piece…There’s a little Greek tragedy, a bit of Harold Pinter, a dab of Tennessee Williams and a large dose of fashion and comic high jinks.” Presented by the Cucaracha Theater, and originally made for NYU Students, \"\"Bremen Freedom\"\", by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848344", "chunk_text": "\"I Dream of Jeannie\"\nwaltz written by Richard Wess. Eventually, Sidney Sheldon became dissatisfied with Wess's theme and musical score. From the second season on, it was replaced by a new theme entitled \"\"Jeannie\"\", composed by Hugo Montenegro with lyrics by Buddy Kaye. Episodes 20 and 25 used a rerecorded ending of \"\"Jeannie\"\" for the closing credits with new, longer drum breaks and a different closing riff. The lyrics were never used in the show. Songwriters Gerry Goffin and Carole King wrote a theme, called \"\"Jeannie\"\", for Sidney Sheldon before the series started, but it was not used. In the third and fourth seasons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10053174", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (TV series)\"\nanime was never released on DVD in France, and only received a TV airing. Italian Title: Fiocchi di Cotone per Jeanie (\"\"Cotton Balls for Jeanie\"\") The series was broadcast in Italy on the private television channel Italy 1 in June 1994, where it was well received. It has since been released on DVD by Yamato Video with both the original Japanese audio and the Italian dub. The Italian version also had its own theme song, \"\"Flakes of Cotton for Jeanie,\"\" performed by Cristina D'Avena. It has also been published on a streaming channel on YouTube under \"\"Yamato Animation\"\" by Italian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1675691", "chunk_text": "\"Jean Day\"\nJean Day Jean Day (born in 1954), is an American poet. Born in Syracuse, New York, and raised in Middletown, Rhode Island, Day graduated from Antioch College in 1977. Since then she has lived in the San Francisco Bay Area and worked in literary publishing, currently as associate editor of \"\"Representations\"\". She was acquisitions manager, then executive director of Small Press Distribution from 1977 to 1989, developing close associations with many Bay Area writers and publishers, including Lyn Hejinian, Bob Perelman, Steve Benson, Johanna Drucker, Barrett Watten, Alan Bernheimer, Kit Robinson, Laura Moriarty, and Tom Mandel. She is married to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14052746", "chunk_text": "\"Jim and Jean\"\nCoen Brothers film, \"\"Inside Llewyn Davis\"\". Jean Ray was the inspiration for Neil Young's song, \"\"Cinnamon Girl\"\", as verified by her brother Brian Ray, and perhaps other songs as well. Jean Ray said, \"\"Neil Young's song \"\"Cowgirl in the Sand\"\" came from a visit he made to me and my family living on the beach.\"\" Jim and Jean Jim and Jean, composed of Jim Glover (born 1942) and Jean Ray (1941–2007) were an American folk music duo, who performed and recorded music from the early to the late 1960s. They were married for a time, and were listed as Jim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15155407", "chunk_text": "\"Jean (song)\"\nJean (song) \"\"Jean\"\" is a popular song from the 1969 movie \"\"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\"\". It was written by the American poet and composer Rod McKuen, who also recorded a version of the song. The song was the theme to the 1969 film adaptation of Dame Muriel Spark's \"\"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\"\", which starred noted British film actress Maggie Smith. Smith won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the lead character in the film, Jean Brodie. The song was performed by songwriter McKuen, who was nominated for an Academy Award in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4561535", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\nPink Fur\"\"; it is about a magic lamp that turns the Pink Panther into a genie. A song segment from \"\"The Alvin Show\"\" devoted to this song has Dave Seville courting a young woman named, interestingly enough, Jeanie, singing the song to her in a boat while she admires it; meanwhile Dave's charges the Chipmunks, disgusted with all this, counter with a very silly and inappropriate spoof, \"\"I dream of Jeanie with the \"\"green purple\"\" hair/She looks so funny, people stop and stare..\"\" which insults Jeanie and annoys Dave to the point of forcing the Chipmunks to sing the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11595527", "chunk_text": "\"William Engvick\"\nWilliam Engvick William Engvick (July 1, 1914 – September 4, 2012) was an American lyricist, many of whose compositions appear in films. Engvick graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1937. He is best known for his collaborations with composer Alec Wilder; they produced songs for the Broadway musical \"\"Once Over Lightly\"\" (1942), and for the musical television specials \"\"Miss Chicken Little\"\" (1953), \"\"Pinocchio\"\" (1957). and \"\"Hansel and Gretel\"\" (1958), Engvick was also responsible for a number of English-language lyrics to songs originally composed in French like \"\"Give me More\"\" (\"\"Donnez-moi tout ça\"\"). Among his lyrics in this category", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5787321", "chunk_text": "\"Harrison Carroll\"\nHarrison Carroll Harrison Carroll (23 June 1901 – 1972) was a Hollywood gossip columnist who worked at the \"\"Los Angeles Herald-Express\"\" with whom John Wayne credited with not only being a mentor to him but helping him come up with a moniker to replace his birth name Marion Morrison. He was born in Waco, Texas at the turn of the century. After graduating from Waco High School, Carroll attended the Rice Institute before moving on to Columbia University, where he took his bachelor of arts degree in 1922. That same year, he moved to Los Angeles, California and began working", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465554", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Brown (author)\"\nthe \"\"Threepenny Review\"\" and the \"\"Washington Post Bookworld\"\", among others. Brown's 2005 translation into Spanish of Virginia Woolf's little known essay \"\"Reviewing\"\" appeared in the Iowa University journal of literary translation \"\"eXchanges\"\". His profile of translator Gregory Rabassa was published in 2006 by the University of Delaware's \"\"Review of Latin American Studies\"\". Brown's mother, Duan Nimmons, was born (1940) in New York City, where her family had been active in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and early 1930s. His maternal great-grandmother was Ida Mae Roberson (later, Ida Cullen-Cooper), widow of Harlem Renaissance poet Countee Cullen. Countee Cullen was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20517305", "chunk_text": "\"Adaline Hohf Beery\"\nAdaline Hohf Beery Adaline Hohf Beery (sometimes misspelled Berry; December 20, 1859 – February 24, 1929) was an American author, newspaper and magazine editor, songbook compiler, as well as a hymnwriter. Born into a Pennsylvania Dutch community, her first job after graduating from Mount Morris College in Illinois was as a compositor in a printing office. She served as the editor of \"\"The Golden Dawn\"\" magazine and \"\"The Young Disciple\"\" child's paper; compiled a song-book, \"\"Gospel Chimes\"\"; and was employed by the Brethren Publishing House. Adaline Hohf was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1859. She was of mixed ancestry.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9954866", "chunk_text": "\"Jeannie Barroga\"\nMassachusetts Press, 1993) \"\"Talk-Story\"\" in Velina Hasu Hudson, ed. \"\"But Still, Like Air, I'll Rise: New Asian American Plays\"\" (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997) Jeannie Barroga Jeannie Barroga (born 1949) is a Filipina American playwright. Barroga was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1949. When she was a child, she and her family were the only people of color who lived in their neighborhood, and she has described this early experience of cultural difference as an inspiration for much of her later writing. She attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9869049", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Foster\"\nStephen Foster Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826January 13, 1864), known as \"\"the father of American music\"\", was an American songwriter known primarily for his parlor and minstrel music. Foster wrote over 200 songs; among his best-known are \"\"Oh! Susanna\"\", \"\"Hard Times Come Again No More\"\", \"\"Camptown Races\"\", \"\"Old Folks at Home\"\" (\"\"Swanee River\"\"), \"\"My Old Kentucky Home\"\", \"\"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair\"\", \"\"Old Black Joe\"\", and \"\"Beautiful Dreamer\"\". Many of his compositions remain popular more than 150 years after he wrote them. His compositions are thought to be autobiographical. He has been identified as \"\"the most famous songwriter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848343", "chunk_text": "\"I Dream of Jeannie\"\nhe turned her into a genie at that time or if she had been born one.) In a 1966 paperback novel \"\"I Dream of Jeannie\"\", by Al Hine, writing pseudonymously as \"\"Dennis Brewster\"\", published by Pocket Books, very loosely based on the series, Jeannie (in the book, her real name is revealed as \"\"Fawzia\"\") and her immediate family were established in the story as genies living in Tehran hundreds of years before Tony found her bottle on an island in the Persian Gulf (instead of the South Pacific, as depicted on TV). The first-season theme music was an instrumental jazz", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14867063", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie Deans (play)\"\nMid-Lothian; or, the Sisters of St. Leonard's\"\" The play was also published as 'The Trial of Effie Deans' or 'The Heart of Mid-Lothian', but they are definitely the same play as 'Jeanie Deans'. Jeanie Deans (play) The play Jeanie Deans was written by Dion Boucicault in 1860. It was based on Sir Walter Scott's novel, \"\"The Heart of Midlothian\"\" and is named after the heroine of the novel, Jeanie Deans. It was first produced on 9 January 1860 at Laura Keene's Theatre, New York City. It was produced in London at the Westminster Theatre on 26 January 1863 under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14018801", "chunk_text": "\"Vévé Amasasa Clark\"\nVévé Amasasa Clark Vévé Amasasa Clark (December 14, 1944 – December 1, 2007) was an author and scholar who coined the phrase “diaspora literacy.” She was a professor of African American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley from 1991 until her death in 2007. Clark was born in Jamaica, N.Y., and was the only child of Pauline Kirton from the Caribbean and Alonzo Clark from North Carolina. She considered becoming a doctor or a musician, but instead chose to study romance languages at Queens College of the City University of New York. She received her bachelor's degree in 1966.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8572836", "chunk_text": "\"Jeanie Deans (opera)\"\n(CDA66815) the same year. Jeanie Deans (opera) Jeanie Deans is an opera in four acts by Hamish MacCunn (1868–1916) set to a libretto by Joseph Bennett which is loosely based on Walter Scott's novel, \"\"The Heart of Midlothian\"\" and is named after its heroine, Jeanie Deans. The opera was commissioned by the Carl Rosa Opera Company and first produced at the Royal Lyceum Theatre in Edinburgh on 15 November 1894 to great acclaim. The ending of the opera, in which Jeanie's sister, Effie Deans is freed from Tolbooth prison, is not in Scott's novel. The crowd scene in fact refers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19392143", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Robeson Brown\"\nAnna Robeson Brown Anna Robeson Brown Burr (May 26, 1873 – September 10, 1941) was an American writer of novels, poetry, stories, essays, and biographies. Her \"\"The Autobiography: A Critical and Comparative Study\"\" (1909), was the first book on the subject. Anna Robeson Brown was born in 1873, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Henry Armitt Brown and Josephine Lea Baker Brown Leaming. Her father was a lawyer, writer, and orator, who died when Anna was a small child. Charles Brockden Brown was her great-granduncle. Her novels include: \"\"Alain of Halfdene\"\" (1895); \"\"The Black Lamb\"\" (1896); \"\"A Cosmopolitan Comedy\"\" (1899);", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_793	the basic steps of rational decision making include defining goals and?	n/a	[ "Implementation of plans/policies" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885016", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nin organizational behavior, is a process for making logically sound decisions. This multi-step model and aims to be logical and follow the orderly path from problem identification through solution. Rational decision making is a multi-step process for making logically sound decisions that aims to follow the orderly path from problem identification through solution. Rational decision-making or planning follows a series of steps detailed below: Verifying, defining & detailing the problem (problem definition, goal definition, information gathering). This step includes recognizing the problem, defining an initial solution, and starting primary analysis. Examples of this are creative devising, creative ideas, inspirations, breakthroughs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4428849", "chunk_text": "Rationality\nRationality Rationality is the quality or state of being rational – that is, being based on or agreeable to reason. Rationality implies the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons to believe, and of one's actions with one's reasons for action. \"\"Rationality\"\" has different specialized meanings in philosophy, economics, sociology, psychology, evolutionary biology, game theory and political science. To determine what behavior is the most rational, one needs to make several key assumptions, and also needs a logical formulation of the problem. When the goal or problem involves making a decision, rationality factors in all information that is available (e.g.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20767229", "chunk_text": "Decision-making\nDecision-making In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action. Decision-making is the process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Decision-making can be regarded as a problem-solving activity terminated by a solution deemed to be optimal, or at least satisfactory. It is therefore a process which can be more or less rational or irrational and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665262", "chunk_text": "\"Decision-making models\"\nto take to achieve higher ends. They may not be readily known by administrators but need to be acquired through extensive research and analysis. Rationality is defined in terms of appropriateness for the accomplishment of specific goals. Values are internal perceptions on the desirability and priority of one’s actions and choices. (Van Wart, 2004) Besides setting goals for their plans, decision-makers make priorities, interpret facts and act upon objective situations according to their values. Besides balancing conflicting values within an individual, government has to weigh and balance values embodied in different departments (Van Wart, 1996, 1998). Means are the instruments", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11209007", "chunk_text": "\"Decision-making models\"\nprinciple in conflict.\"\" (Ibid., p. 212) Decades later, Simon used a similar terminology to distinct two meanings of \"\"rationality\"\", which have developed separately in economic and psychology. He defined substantive rationality, stemming from the concept of rationality within economics, as behavior that \"\"is appropriate to the achievement of given goals within the limits imposed by given conditions and constraints\"\". Procedural rationality, based in psychology, refers to behavior that \"\"is the outcome of appropriate deliberation\"\". According to Gortner (2001), facts are the information and knowledge that the public administrators possess in formulating policies. Facts are important in deciding the appropriate means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885028", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nfor rational decision-making”. As illustrated in Figure 1, rational policy analysis can be broken into 6 distinct stages of analysis. Step 2 highlights the need to understand which factors should be considered as part of the decision making process. At this part of the process, all the economic, social, and environmental factors that are important to the policy decision need to be identified and then expressed as policy decision criteria. For example, the decision criteria used in the analysis of environmental policy is often a mix of — Some criteria, such as economic benefit, will be more easily measurable or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885020", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nthe criteria of assessment and the analysis done in previous steps, choose the best solution generated. These four steps form the core of the Rational Decision Making Model. This step includes final implementation to the site and preliminary monitoring of the outcome and results of the site. This step is the building/renovations part of the process. This step contains the secondary and final monitoring of the outcomes and results of the site. This step takes place over a long period of time. Modify future decisions and actions taken based on the above evaluation of outcomes. The rational model of decision-making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885017", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nand brainstorms. The very first step which is normally overlooked by the top level management is defining the exact problem. Though we think that the problem identification is obvious, many times it is not. The rational decision making model is a group-based decision making process. If the problem is not identified properly then we may face a problem as each and every member of the group might have a different definition of the problem. This step encloses two to three final solutions to the problem and preliminary implementation to the site. In planning, examples of this are Planned Units of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15892334", "chunk_text": "\"Rational choice theory\"\nmaximum net benefit, i.e., the maximum benefit minus cost. The theory applies to more general settings than those identified by costs and benefit. In general, rational decision making entails choosing among all available alternatives the alternative that the individual most prefers. The \"\"alternatives\"\" can be a set of actions (\"\"what to do?\"\") or a set of objects (\"\"what to choose/buy\"\"). In the case of actions, what the individual really cares about are the outcomes that results from each possible action. Actions, in this case, are only an instrument for obtaining a particular outcome. The available alternatives are often expressed as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885015", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nRational planning model The rational planning model is a model of the planning process involving a number of rational actions or steps. Taylor (1998) outlines five steps, as follows: The rational planning model is used in planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It has been central in the development of modern urban planning and transportation planning. The model has many limitations, particularly the lack of guidance on involving stakeholders and the community affected by planning, and other models of planning, such as collaborative planning, are now also widely used. The very similar rational decision-making model, as it is called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885019", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nthe problem, exploring for all the possible alternatives for that problem and gathering information this step says evaluate the information and the possible options to anticipate the consequences of each and every possible alternative that is thought of. At this point optional criteria for measuring the success or failure of the decision taken needs to be considered. The rational model of planning rest largely on objective assessment. This step comprises a final solution and secondary implementation to the site. At this point the process has developed into different strategies of how to apply the solutions to the site. Based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484889", "chunk_text": "\"Rational choice theory\"\nmeans \"\"sensible\"\", \"\"predictable\"\", or \"\"in a thoughtful, clear-headed manner.\"\" Rational choice theory uses a narrower definition of rationality. At its most basic level, behavior is rational if it is goal-oriented, reflective (evaluative), and consistent (across time and different choice situations). This contrasts with behavior that is random, impulsive, conditioned, or adopted by (unevaluative) imitation. Early neoclassical economists writing about rational choice, including William Stanley Jevons, assumed that agents make consumption choices so as to maximize their happiness, or utility. Contemporary theory bases rational choice on a set of choice axioms that need to be satisfied, and typically does not specify", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885024", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nthese authors are the following: The approach of Wiktorowicz and Deber is similar to Simon and they assert that the rational model tends to deal with “the facts” (data, probabilities) in steps 1 to 3, leaving the issue of assessing values to the final step. According to Wiktorowicz and Deber values are introduced in the final step of the rational model, where the utility of each policy option is assessed. Many authors have attempted to interpret the above-mentioned steps, amongst others, Patton and Sawicki who summarize the model as presented in the following figure (missing): The model of rational decision-making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7122443", "chunk_text": "Rationalism\nspeaking, justification is the reason that someone (probably) holds a belief. If \"\"A\"\" makes a claim, and \"\"B\"\" then casts doubt on it, \"\"A\"\"'s next move would normally be to provide justification. The precise method one uses to provide justification is where the lines are drawn between rationalism and empiricism (among other philosophical views). Much of the debate in these fields are focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and justification. At its core, rationalism consists of three basic claims. For one to consider themselves a rationalist, they must", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15892329", "chunk_text": "\"Rational choice theory\"\nwhere the goal (preferences, desires) comes from. It mandates just a consistent ranking of the alternatives. Individuals choose the best action according to their personal preferences and the constraints facing them. E.g., there is nothing irrational in preferring fish to meat the first time, but there is something irrational in preferring fish to meat in one instant and preferring meat to fish in another, without anything else having changed. Rational choice theorists do not claim that the theory describes the choice \"\"process\"\", but rather that it predicts the outcome and pattern of choices. An assumption often added to the rational", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484886", "chunk_text": "\"Rational choice theory\"\nRational choice theory Rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. The basic premise of rational choice theory is that aggregate social behavior results from the behavior of individual actors, each of whom is making their individual decisions. The theory also focuses on the determinants of the individual choices (methodological individualism). Rational choice theory then assumes that an individual has preferences among the available choice alternatives that allow them to state which option they prefer. These preferences are assumed to be complete (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9565840", "chunk_text": "Rationality\ndistinguishes between involuntary and implicit belief, on the one hand, and voluntary and explicit acceptance, on the other. Theoretical rationality can more properly be said to regulate our acceptances than our beliefs. Practical rationality is the strategy for living one’s best possible life, achieving your most important goals and your own preferences in as far as possible. As the study of arguments that are correct in virtue of their form, logic is of fundamental importance in the study of rationality. The study of rationality in logic is more concerned with epistemic rationality, that is, attaining beliefs in a rational manner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16697564", "chunk_text": "Decision-making\nbeliefs in response to bad news (such as reading that smoking poses a greater risk to health than they thought), but do not differ from adults in their ability to alter beliefs in response to good news. This creates biased beliefs, which may lead to greater risk taking. Decision-making In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action. Decision-making is the process of identifying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5445393", "chunk_text": "\"Maximization (psychology)\"\nMaximization (psychology) Maximization is a style of decision-making characterized by seeking the best option through an exhaustive search through alternatives. It is contrasted with satisficing, in which individuals evaluate options until they find one that is \"\"good enough\"\". The distinction between \"\"maximizing\"\" and \"\"satisficing\"\" was first made by Herbert A. Simon in 1956. Simon noted that although fields like economics posited maximization or \"\"optimizing\"\" as the rational method of making decisions, humans often lack the cognitive resources or the environmental affordances to maximize. Simon instead formulated an approach known as bounded rationality, which he also referred to as satisficing. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20767239", "chunk_text": "Decision-making\nand share information concerning those preferences; finally, the members combine their views and make a single choice about how to face the problem. Although these steps are relatively ordinary, judgements are often distorted by cognitive and motivational biases, include \"\"sins of commission\"\", \"\"sins of omission\"\", and \"\"sins of imprecision\"\". Herbert A. Simon coined the phrase \"\"bounded rationality\"\" to express the idea that human decision-making is limited by available information, available time and the mind's information-processing ability. Further psychological research has identified individual differences between two cognitive styles: \"\"maximizers\"\" try to make an optimal decision, whereas \"\"satisficers\"\" simply try to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11885952", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nGuy Benveniste argued that the rational model could not be implemented without taking the political context into account. Rational planning model The rational planning model is a model of the planning process involving a number of rational actions or steps. Taylor (1998) outlines five steps, as follows: The rational planning model is used in planning and designing neighborhoods, cities, and regions. It has been central in the development of modern urban planning and transportation planning. The model has many limitations, particularly the lack of guidance on involving stakeholders and the community affected by planning, and other models of planning, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6974916", "chunk_text": "\"Decision theory\"\nDecision theory Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is the study of the reasoning underlying an agent's choices. Decision theory can be broken into two branches: normative decision theory, which gives advice on how to make the best decisions, given a set of uncertain beliefs and a set of values; and descriptive decision theory, which analyzes how existing, possibly irrational agents actually make decisions. Closely related to the field of game theory, decision theory is concerned with the choices of individual agents whereas game theory is concerned with interactions of agents whose decisions affect each other. Decision theory is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11642652", "chunk_text": "Goal\nmentally select their goal by specifying the criteria and deciding on which goal they will set based on their commitment to seeing it through. The second phase is the planning phase, in which that individual will decide on which set of behaviors are at their disposal and will allow them to best reach their desired end-state or goal. Certain characteristics of a goal help define the goal and determine an individual's motivation to achieve that goal. The characteristics of a goal make it possible to determine what motivates people to achieve a goal, and, along with other personal characteristics, may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18453010", "chunk_text": "\"Bounded rationality\"\nBounded rationality Bounded rationality is the idea that when individuals make decisions, their rationality is limited by the tractability of the decision problem, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the time available to make the decision. Decision-makers in this view act as satisficers, seeking a satisfactory solution rather than an optimal one. Herbert A. Simon proposed bounded rationality as an alternative basis for the mathematical modeling of decision-making, as used in economics, political science and related disciplines. It complements \"\"rationality as optimization\"\", which views decision-making as a fully rational process of finding an optimal choice given the information available.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18528378", "chunk_text": "\"Rationalization (economics)\"\nRationalization (economics) In economics, rationalization is an attempt to change a pre-existing ad hoc workflow into one that is based on a set of published rules. There is a tendency in modern times to quantify experience, knowledge, and work. Means–end (goal-oriented) rationality is used to precisely calculate that which is necessary to attain a goal. Its effectiveness varies with the enthusiasm of the workers for the changes being made, the skill with which management applies the rules, and the degree to which the rules fit the job. Rationalization aims at an efficiency increase by better use of existing possibilities: A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14773765", "chunk_text": "\"Decision analysis\"\nDecision analysis Decision analysis (DA) is the discipline comprising the philosophy, methodology, and professional practice necessary to address important decisions in a formal manner. Decision analysis includes many procedures, methods, and tools for identifying, clearly representing, and formally assessing important aspects of a decision, for prescribing a recommended course of action by applying the maximum expected utility action axiom to a well-formed representation of the decision, and for translating the formal representation of a decision and its corresponding recommendation into insight for the decision maker and other stakeholders. Graphical representation of decision analysis problems commonly use framing tools, influence diagrams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14773771", "chunk_text": "\"Decision analysis\"\nDecision analysis Decision analysis (DA) is the discipline comprising the philosophy, methodology, and professional practice necessary to address important decisions in a formal manner. Decision analysis includes many procedures, methods, and tools for identifying, clearly representing, and formally assessing important aspects of a decision, for prescribing a recommended course of action by applying the maximum expected utility action axiom to a well-formed representation of the decision, and for translating the formal representation of a decision and its corresponding recommendation into insight for the decision maker and other stakeholders. Graphical representation of decision analysis problems commonly use framing tools, influence diagrams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8050617", "chunk_text": "Rationality\nthan instrumental rationality. Rationality plays a key role and there are several strands to this. Firstly, there is the concept of instrumentality—basically the idea that people and organisations are instrumentally rational—that is, adopt the best actions to achieve their goals. Secondly, there is an axiomatic concept that rationality is a matter of being logically consistent within your preferences and beliefs. Thirdly, people have focused on accuracy of beliefs and full use of information—in this view a person who is not rational has beliefs that don't fully use the information they have. Debates within economic sociology also arise as to whether", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17149293", "chunk_text": "Decision-making\nmanagers assumptions in their decision making and dysfunctional conflicts are like personal attacks and every action which decrease team effectiveness. Functional conflicts are the better ones to gain higher quality decision making caused by the increased team knowledge and shared understanding. In economics, it is thought that if humans are rational and free to make their own decisions, then they would behave according to rational choice theory. Rational choice theory says that a person consistently makes choices that lead to the best situation for himself or herself, taking into account all available considerations including costs and benefits; the rationality of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11885947", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\na variety of metrics that are not readily comparable. In such cases, the policy analyst may draw on the concept of utility to aggregate the various goals into a single score. With the utility concept, each impact is given a weighting such that 1 unit of each weighted impact is considered to be equally valuable (or desirable) with regards to the collective well-being. Weimer and Vining also suggest that the \"\"\"\"go, no go\"\"\"\" rule can be a useful method for deciding amongst policy alternatives^8. Under this decision making regime, some or all policy impacts can be assigned thresholds which are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20767238", "chunk_text": "Decision-making\nof occurrence. Rational decision-making is often grounded on experience and theories exist that are able to put this approach on solid mathematical grounds so that subjectivity is reduced to a minimum, see e.g. scenario optimization. Biases usually affect decision-making processes. They appear more when decision task has time pressure, is done under high stress and/or task is highly complex. Here is a list of commonly debated biases in judgment and decision-making: In groups, people generate decisions through active and complex processes. One method consists of three steps: initial preferences are expressed by members; the members of the group then gather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919517", "chunk_text": "\"The Natural Step\"\nto be. Organisations should also identify the service they provide, independent of the product, sparking more creative goals. B: Baseline assessment. The organisation analyses and maps what it has been doing currently and evaluates it based on the 4 principles. It allows for the organisation to identify critical issues, implications and opportunities. C: Creative solutions. Members of the organisation brainstorm for solutions to the issues raised previously, without constraint. With the vision and potential actions, organisations backcast to develop strategies for sustainability. D: Decide on priorities. The organisation prioritizes the different actions developed previously that help gear it to sustainability", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4679451", "chunk_text": "\"Policy analysis\"\npublic sector because social problems can be very complex, ill-defined and interdependent. The problem lies in the thinking procedure implied by the model which is linear and can face difficulties in extraordinary problems or social problems which have no sequences of happenings. The rational model of decision-making is a process for making sound decisions in policy-making in the public sector. Rationality is defined as “a style of behavior that is appropriate to the achievement of given goals, within the limits imposed by given conditions and constraints”. It is important to note the model makes a series of assumptions, such as:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4430985", "chunk_text": "\"Instrumental and value-rational action\"\nInstrumental and value-rational action Instrumental and value-rational action are modern labels for an ancient belief that humans can act rationally in two separate ways. They can act in ways they think will \"\"work\"\" as means or tools to achieve their ends, and in ways they think are \"\"right\"\" as legitimate ends or rules. Acting in ways thought to work is called instrumental action. Acting in ways thought to be right is called value-rational action. In practice, instrumental action cannot be separated from value-rational action, because every rational act identifies specific means relevant to achieving a specific end. But the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11791546", "chunk_text": "\"Rational agent\"\nRational agent In economics, game theory, decision theory, and artificial intelligence, a rational agent is an agent that has clear preferences, models uncertainty via expected values of variables or functions of variables, and always chooses to perform the action with the optimal expected outcome for itself from among all feasible actions. A rational agent can be anything that makes decisions, typically a person, firm, machine, or software. Rational agents are also studied in the fields of cognitive science, ethics, and philosophy, including the philosophy of practical reason. In reference to economics, rational agent refers to hypothetical consumers and how they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8418657", "chunk_text": "\"Rational agent\"\nautonomous software programs that display intelligence. Rational agent In economics, game theory, decision theory, and artificial intelligence, a rational agent is an agent that has clear preferences, models uncertainty via expected values of variables or functions of variables, and always chooses to perform the action with the optimal expected outcome for itself from among all feasible actions. A rational agent can be anything that makes decisions, typically a person, firm, machine, or software. Rational agents are also studied in the fields of cognitive science, ethics, and philosophy, including the philosophy of practical reason. In reference to economics, rational agent refers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14885023", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\nweighing all options, the Rational Actor method allows scholars to filter out extraneous details and focus attention on central issues\"\". Furthermore, as we have seen, in the context of policy rational models are intended to achieve maximum social gain. For this purpose, Simon identifies an outline of a step by step mode of analysis to achieve rational decisions. Ian Thomas describes Simon's steps as follows: In similar lines, Wiktorowicz and Deber describe through their study on ‘Regulating biotechnology: a rational-political model of policy development’ the rational approach to policy development. The main steps involved in making a rational decision for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484906", "chunk_text": "\"Rational choice theory\"\nequally powerful alternatives) lead to them still being widely used. Rational choice theory Rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. The basic premise of rational choice theory is that aggregate social behavior results from the behavior of individual actors, each of whom is making their individual decisions. The theory also focuses on the determinants of the individual choices (methodological individualism). Rational choice theory then assumes that an individual has preferences among the available choice alternatives that allow them to state which option", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18528381", "chunk_text": "\"Rationalization (economics)\"\n(\"\"zweckrational\"\"). Change in human character is expected to be part of the process; rationalization and bureaucratization promote efficiency, and materialism, both of which are subsumed under Weber's concept of \"\"zweckrational\"\". Rationalization (economics) In economics, rationalization is an attempt to change a pre-existing ad hoc workflow into one that is based on a set of published rules. There is a tendency in modern times to quantify experience, knowledge, and work. Means–end (goal-oriented) rationality is used to precisely calculate that which is necessary to attain a goal. Its effectiveness varies with the enthusiasm of the workers for the changes being made, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11885946", "chunk_text": "\"Rational planning model\"\ntradeoffs associated with the different alternatives. Table 1. Policy analysis matrix (PAM) for SO2 emissions control. Once policy alternatives have been evaluated, the next step is to decide which policy alternative should be implemented. This is shown as step 5 in Figure 1. At one extreme, comparing the policy alternatives can be relatively simple if all the policy goals can be measured using a single metric and given equal weighting. In this case, the decision method is an exercise in benefit cost analysis (BCA). At the other extreme, the numerous goals will require the policy impacts to be expressed using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16521077", "chunk_text": "\"Emotions in decision-making\"\nEmotions in decision-making One way of thinking holds that the mental process of decision-making is (or should be) rational: a formal process based on optimizing utility. Rational thinking and decision-making does not leave much room for emotions. In fact, emotions are often considered irrational occurrences that may distort reasoning. However, there are presently both theories and research focusing on the important role of emotions in decision-making. Loewenstein and Lerner divide emotions during decision-making into two types: those anticipating future emotions and those immediately experienced while deliberating and deciding. Damasio formulated the somatic marker hypothesis (SMH), that proposes a mechanism by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15807472", "chunk_text": "\"Decision-making models\"\nDecision-making models All people need to make decisions from time to time. Given limited time in formulating policies and addressing public problems, public administrators must enjoy a certain degree of discretion in planning, revising and implementing public policies. In other words, they must engage in decision-making (Gianakis, 2004). Over the years, many scholars tried to devise decision-making models to account for the policy making process. Since the development of public administration, scholars have assumed that people make decisions rationally. By rationality, (1976) means ”a style of behaviour that is appropriate to the achievement of given goals, within the limits imposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11484887", "chunk_text": "\"Rational choice theory\"\nperson can always say which of two alternatives they consider preferable or that neither is preferred to the other) and transitive (if option A is preferred over option B and option B is preferred over option C, then A is preferred over C). The rational agent is assumed to take account of available information, probabilities of events, and potential costs and benefits in determining preferences, and to act consistently in choosing the self-determined best choice of action. Rationality is widely used as an assumption of the behavior of individuals in microeconomic models and analyses and appears in almost all economics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7079086", "chunk_text": "\"Buyer decision process\"\naction. That is, based on observable actions, we assume that people have made a commitment to effect the action. Nobel laureate Herbert A. Simon sees economic decision-making as a vain attempt to be rational. He claims (in 1947 and 1957) that if a complete analysis is to be done, a decision will be immensely complex. He also says that peoples' information processing ability is limited. The assumption of a perfectly rational economic actor is unrealistic. Consumers are influenced by emotional and nonrational considerations making attempts to be rational only partially successful. The stages of the buyer decision process were first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5092554", "chunk_text": "\"Ecological rationality\"\nrationality challenges rational choice theory (RCT) as a normative account of rationality. According to rational choice theory, an action is considered rational if the action follows from preferences and expectations that satisfy a set of principles. These principles are often justified based on consistency considerations – for example, intransitive preferences and expectations inconsistent with available information are ruled out. Rational choice theory therefore cashes out practical rationality as the optimal path of action given one's subjective representation of reality. Since the second half of the 20th century, a body of research documented a collection of systematic violations of the principles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17368938", "chunk_text": "\"Ratio decidendi\"\nRatio decidendi Ratio decidendi (Latin plural \"\"rationes decidendi\"\") is a Latin phrase meaning \"\"the reason\"\" or \"\"the rationale for the decision\"\". The \"\"ratio decidendi\"\" is \"\"the point in a case that determines the judgement\"\" or \"\"the principle that the case establishes\"\". In other words, \"\"ratio decidendi\"\" is a legal rule derived from, and consistent with, those parts of legal reasoning within a judgment on which the outcome of the case depends. It is a legal phrase which refers to the legal, moral, political and social principles used by a court to compose the rationale of a particular judgment. Unlike \"\"obiter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9707125", "chunk_text": "\"Basic belief\"\nBasic belief Basic beliefs (also commonly called foundational beliefs or core beliefs) are, under the epistemological view called foundationalism, the axioms of a belief system. Foundationalism holds that all beliefs must be justified in order to be believed. Beliefs therefore fall into two categories: Within this basic framework of foundationalism exist a number of views regarding which types of beliefs qualify as \"\"properly\"\" basic; that is, what sorts of beliefs can be justifiably held without the justification of other beliefs. In , beliefs are held to be properly basic if they are either self-evident axioms, or evident to the senses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17458844", "chunk_text": "\"Action plan\"\norganization's accountability. A goal is the primary objective of an action plan. Setting goals gives the possibility of your dreams and prospects being brought to life. It creates motivation and provides you with a certainty that the final outcome will be worthwhile, preventing any wasted time and effort. This is achieved by being fully dedicated to the process and using the structured guide to accomplishing it. Although hard work may be produced, without a successful end goal the ideal result you set to achieve, will not prevail. When creating action plans there are guided steps that need to be followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6380623", "chunk_text": "\"Info-gap decision theory\"\nsimple model consisting of the following three constructs: The function formula_220 is called \"\"objective function, payoff function, return function, cost function\"\" etc. The decision-making process (game) defined by these objects consists of three steps: Note that in contrast to games considered in classical game theory, here the first player (DM) moves first so that the second player (Nature) knows what decision was selected by the first player prior to selecting her decision. Thus, the conceptual and technical complications regarding the existence of Nash equilibrium point are not pertinent here. Nature is not an independent player, it is a conceptual device", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8699230", "chunk_text": "Planning\nPlanning Planning is the process of thinking about the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It is the first and foremost activity to achieve desired results. It involves the creation and maintenance of a plan, such as psychological aspects that require conceptual skills. There are even a couple of tests to measure someone’s capability of planning well. As such, planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. An important further meaning, often just called \"\"planning\"\" is the legal context of permitted building developments. Also, planning has a specific process and is necessary for multiple occupations (particularly in fields such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_794	when was the design period known as art deco?	n/a	[ "1910–1939" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13839341", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nArt Deco Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners. It took its name, short for \"\"Arts Décoratifs\"\", from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925. It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "59", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nArt Deco Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners. It took its name, short for \"\"Arts Décoratifs\"\", from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925. It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3119150", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nand other skyscrapers of New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are monuments of the Art Deco style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the Art Deco style became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel, and plastic. A sleeker form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s; it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco is one of the first truly international styles, but its dominance ended with the beginning of World War II and the rise of the strictly functional and unadorned styles of modernism and the International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6645190", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco in the United States\"\nalso was frequently used in furniture, and in the design of automobiles, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as toasters and radio sets. In the late 1930s, during the Great Depression, it featured prominently in the architecture of the immense public works projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administration and the Public Works Administration, such as the Golden Gate Bridge and Hoover Dam. The style competed throughout the period with the modernist architecture, and came to an abrupt end in 1939 with the beginning of World War II. The style was rediscovered in the 1960s, and many of the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724430", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nthe variety of major styles in the 1920s and 1930s. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times (London, 12 November), describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major academic book on the style: \"\"Art Deco of the 20s and 30s\"\". Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites \"\"The Times\"\" (2 November 1966) and an essay named \"\"Les Arts Déco\"\" in \"\"Elle\"\" magazine (November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6645189", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco in the United States\"\nArt Deco in the United States The Art Deco style, which originated in France just before World War I, had an important impact on architecture and design in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. The most famous examples were the skyscrapers of New York, including the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, and Rockefeller Center in New York City. It combined modern aesthetics, fine craftsmanship and expensive materials, and became the symbol of luxury and modernity. While rarely used in residences, it was frequently used for office buildings, government buildings, train stations, movie theaters, diners and department stores. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3119224", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nivory, tinted leather, lacquered and painted wood, and decorative inlays on furniture that emphasized its geometry. This period of the style reached its high point in the 1925 Paris Exposition of Decorative Arts. In the late 1920s and the 1930s, the decorative style changed, inspired by new materials and technologies. It became sleeker and less ornamental. Furniture, like architecture, began to have rounded edges and to take on a polished, streamlined look, taken from the streamline modern style. New materials, such as chrome-plated steel, aluminum and bakelite, an early form of plastic, began to appear in furniture and decoration. Throughout", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8993024", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nin the United States and Europe to preserve the best examples of Art Deco architecture, and many buildings were restored and repurposed. Postmodern architecture, which first appeared in the 1980s, like Art Deco, often includes purely decorative features. Deco continues to inspire designers, and is often used in contemporary fashion, jewelry, and toiletries. There was no section set aside for painting at the 1925 Exposition. Art deco painting was by definition decorative, designed to decorate a room or work of architecture, so few painters worked exclusively in the style, but two painters are closely associated with Art Deco. Jean Dupas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20147673", "chunk_text": "\"Interior design\"\nof the 20th century, with the waning of Art Nouveau. The term \"\"Art Deco\"\" was taken from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, a world’s fair held in Paris in 1925. Art Deco rejected many traditional classical influences in favour of more streamlined geometric forms and metallic color. The Art Deco style influenced all areas of design, especially interior design, because it was the first style of interior decoration to spotlight new technologies and materials. Art Deco style is mainly based on geometric shapes, streamlining, and clean lines. The style offered a sharp, cool look of mechanized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "798426", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nCorbusier was a brilliant publicist for modernist architecture; he stated that a house was simply \"\"a machine to live in\"\", and tirelessly promoted the idea that Art Deco was the past and modernism was the future. Le Corbusier's ideas were gradually adopted by architecture schools, and the aesthetics of Art Deco were abandoned. The same features that made Art Deco popular in the beginning, its craftsmanship, rich materials and ornament, led to its decline. The Great Depression that began in the United States in 1929, and reached Europe shortly afterwards, greatly reduced the number of wealthy clients who could pay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12449180", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nStyle of architecture that followed. Art Deco took its name, short for \"\"Arts Décoratifs\"\", from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925, though the diverse styles that characterize Art Deco had already appeared in Paris and Brussels before World War I. The term \"\"arts décoratifs\"\" was first used in France in 1858; published in the Bulletin de la Société française de photographie. In 1868, \"\"Le Figaro\"\" newspaper used the term \"\"objets d'art décoratifs\"\" with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de l'Opéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3966024", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nhis style was characterized by the use of ebony, Macassar wood, walnut, with decoration of plaques of ivory and mother of pearl. He introduced the style of lacquered art deco furniture at the end of in the late 1920s, and in the late 1930s introduced furniture made of metal with panels of smoked glass. In Italy, the designer Gio Ponti was famous for his streamlined designs. The costly and exotic furniture of Ruhlmann and other traditionalists infuriated modernists, including the architect Le Corbusier, causing him to write a famous series of articles denouncing the \"\"arts décoratif\"\" style. He attacked furniture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625656", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nFrance, the Style Paqueboat, or Ocean Liner style. Buildings in the style were had rounded corners, long horizontal lines; they were built of reinforced concrete, and were almost always white; and sometimes had nautical features, such as railings that resembled those on a ship. The rounded corner was not entirely new; it had appeared in Berlin in 1923 in the Mossehaus by Erich Mendelsohn, and later in the Hoover Building, an industrial complex in the London suburb of Perivale. In the United States, it became most closely associated with transport; Streamline moderne was rare in office buildings, but was often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6046279", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\npopular the 1930s and 1940s, the most prevalent Art Deco form of furniture at the time. Pieces were typically of plywood finished with blond veneer and with rounded edges, resembling a waterfall. Streamline was a variety of Art Deco which emerged during the mid-1930s. It was influenced by modern aerodynamic principles developed for aviation and ballistics to reduce aerodynamic drag at high velocities. The bullet shapes were applied by designers to cars, trains, ships, and even objects not intended to move, such as refrigerators, gas pumps, and buildings. One of the first production vehicles in this style was the Chrysler", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8212446", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco of the 20s and 30s\"\nArt Deco of the 20s and 30s Art Deco of the 20s and 30s is an art history book by English historian Bevis Hillier. It was initially published in 1968 by Studio Vista. The author discusses how the style of cubism, expressionism, Ancient Egyptian art, Mayan art, and so on influenced Art Deco, and how Art Deco itself changed the style of disciplines as various as modern architecture, jewelry, ceramics, tableware, metalwork, glass, textiles, and many others. According to historian Thomas Mellins, it was the publication of this book in 1968 that popularised the term \"\"Art Deco\"\". Otherwise, the genre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6738304", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nUnion and Pavilion du Nouveau Esprit, built by the magazine of that name run by Le Corbusier, were built in an austere style with plain white walls and no decoration; they were among the earliest examples of modernist architecture. American skyscrapers marked the summit of the Art Deco style; they became the tallest and most recognizable modern buildings in the world. They were designed to show the prestige of their builders through their height, their shape, their color, and their dramatic illumination at night. The first New York skyscraper, the Woolworth Building, in a neoclassical style, was completed in 1913,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12449192", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\njust before World War I. Some of the colors were inspired by the earlier Fauvism movement led by Henri Matisse; others by the Orphism of painters such as Sonia Delaunay; others by the movement known as the Nabis, and in the work of symbolist painter Odilon Redon, who designed fireplace screens and other decorative objects. Bright colors were a feature of the work of fashion designer Paul Poiret, whose work influenced both Art Deco fashion and interior design. The art style known as Cubism appeared in France between 1907 and 1912, influencing the development of Art Deco. The Cubists, themselves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13225765", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nmade only for the rich, and called upon designers to create furniture made with inexpensive materials and modern style, which ordinary people could afford. He designed his own chairs, created to be inexpensive and mass-produced. In the 1930s, furniture designs adapted to the form, with smoother surfaces and curved forms. The masters of the late style included Donald Deskey was one of the most influential designers; he created the interior of the Radio City Music Hall. He used a mixture of traditional and very modern materials, including aluminum, chrome, and bakelite, an early form of plastic. The Waterfall style was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10973749", "chunk_text": "\"History of architecture\"\n1920s and 1930s, and took its name from the International Exhibition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts in Paris in 1925. Art Deco became especially popular in the United States in the late 1920s, where the style was used for skyscrapers including the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), and for lavish motion picture palaces including Radio City Music Hall (1932) in New York City and the Paramount Theater in Oakland, California. In the 1930s a stripped-down variation called Streamline Moderne emerged, which was inspired by the curving aerodynamic forms of ocean liners, airplanes and trains. Art Deco", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19794238", "chunk_text": "\"Interior design\"\ndesign grew out of the decorative arts, mostly from the Art Deco, in the early 20th century. One of the first to introduce this style was Frank Lloyd Wright, who hadn't become hugely popularized until completing the house called Fallingwater in the 1930s. Modern art reached its peak in the 1950s and '60s, which is why designers and decorators today may refer to modern design as being \"\"mid-century.\"\" Modern art does not refer to the era or age of design and is not the same as contemporary design, a term used by interior designers for a shifting group of recent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12060660", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco stamps\"\nArt Deco stamps Art deco stamps are postage stamps designed in the Art Deco style which was a popular international design style in the 1920s through the 1930s. The style is marked by the use of \"\"geometric motifs, curvilinear forms, sharply defined outlines, often bold colors\"\", and a fascination with machinery and modernity. This style strongly influenced contemporary architecture, furniture, industrial design, books and posters. Art Deco was named for the 1925 exhibit in Paris called Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts). The exhibit lasted from April to October 1925", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724451", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\n1925 onwards, it was often inspired by a passion for new machines, such as airships, automobiles and ocean liners, and by 1930 this influence resulted in the style called streamline moderne. Art Deco was associated with both luxury and modernity; it combined very expensive materials and exquisite craftsmanship put into modernistic forms. Nothing was cheap about Art Deco: pieces of furniture included ivory and silver inlays, and pieces of Art Deco jewelry combined diamonds with platinum, jade, and other precious materials. The style was used to decorate the first-class salons of ocean liners, deluxe trains, and skyscrapers. It was used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3966010", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nbuilt for the Paris Colonial Exposition of 1931, to celebrate the people and products of French colonies. The exterior facade was entirely covered with sculpture, and the lobby created an Art Deco harmony with a wood parquet floor in a geometric pattern, a mural depicting the people of French colonies; and a harmonious composition of vertical doors and horizontal balconies. Many of the best surviving examples of Art Deco are movie theaters built in the 1920s and 1930s. The Art Deco period coincided with the conversion of silent films to sound, and movie companies built enormous theaters in major cities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3119155", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\n1967) as examples of prior usage. In 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, \"\"The World of Art Deco\"\". The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, who until late in the 19th century had been considered simply as artisans. The term \"\"arts décoratifs\"\" had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs (Society of decorative artists), or SAD, was founded in 1901, and decorative artists were given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344629", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nprojects, including the towers of the Golden Gate Bridge and the intake towers of Hoover Dam. In the 1920s and 1930s it became a truly international style, with examples including the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) in Mexico City by , the Mayakovskaya Metro Station in Moscow and the National Diet Building in Tokyo by Watanabe Fukuzo. The Art Deco style was not limited to buildings on land; the ocean liner SS \"\"Normandie\"\", whose first voyage was in 1935, featured Art Deco design, including a dining room whose ceiling and decoration were made of glass by Lalique.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7094428", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco in the United States\"\nwas a variety of Art Deco which emerged during the mid-1930s. The arhitectural style was more sober and less decorative than earlier Art Deco buildings, more in tune with the somber good of the Great Depression. Buildings in the style often resembled land bound ships, with rounded corners, long horizontal lines, iron railings, and sometimes nautical features. Notable examples include the San Francisco Maritime Museum (1936), originally built as a public bath house next to the beach, and the Pan Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles, built in 1935, and closed in 1978. It was declared an historic landmark, but it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "921888", "chunk_text": "\"Modern architecture\"\nArt Deco had begun in France before World War I and spread through Europe; in the 1920s and 1930s it became a highly popular style in the United States, South America, India, China, Australia and Japan. In Europe, Art Deco was particularly popular for department stores and movie theaters. The style reached its peak in Europe at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in 1925, which featured art deco pavilions and decoration from twenty countries. Only two pavilions were purely modernist; the Esprit Nouveau pavilion of Le Corbusier, which represented his idea for a mass-produced housing unit,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8104017", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nArt Deco sculpture, ceramics, and design. Similar buildings, though not quite as tall, soon appeared in Chicago and other large American cities. The Chrysler Building was soon surpassed in height by the Empire State Building, in a slightly less lavish Deco style. Rockefeller Center added a new design element: several tall building grouped around an open plaza, with a fountain in the center. In 1925 two different competing schools coexisted within Art Deco: the traditionalists, who had founded the Society of Decorative Artists; included the furniture designer Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann, Jean Dunard, the sculptor Antoine Bourdelle, and designer Paul Poiret; they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344628", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nart deco facade of the La Samaritaine department store in Paris. After the First World War, art deco buildings of steel and reinforced concrete began to appear in large cities across Europe and the United States. In the United States the style was most commonly used for office buildings, government buildings, movie theaters, and railroad stations. It sometimes was combined with other styles; Los Angeles City Hall combined Art Deco with a roof based on the ancient Greek Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, while the Los Angeles railroad station combined Deco with Spanish mission architecture. Art Deco elements also appeared in engineering", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724502", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nformally called the \"\"Compagnie des Arts Française\"\", but usually known simply as Suë and Mare. Unlike the prominent art nouveau designers like Louis Majorelle, who personally designed every piece, they assembled a team of skilled craftsmen and produced complete interior designs, including furniture, glassware, carpets, ceramics, wallpaper and lighting. Their work featured bright colors and furniture and fine woods, such ebony encrusted with mother of pearl, abalone and silvered metal to create bouquets of flowers. They designed everything from the interiors of ocean liners to perfume bottles for the label of Jean Patou.The firm prospered in the early 1920s, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8992982", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nluxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress. Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. From its outset, Art Deco was influenced by the bold geometric forms of Cubism; the bright colors of Fauvism and of the Ballets Russes; the updated craftsmanship of the furniture of the eras of Louis Philippe I and Louis XVI; and the exotic styles of China and Japan, India, Persia, ancient Egypt and Maya art. It featured rare and expensive materials, such as ebony and ivory, and exquisite craftsmanship. The Chrysler Building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625657", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nused for bus stations and airport terminals, such as terminal at La Guardia airport in New York City that handled the first transatlantic flights, via the PanAm clipper flying boats; and in roadside architecture, such as gas stations and diners. In the late 1930s a series of diners, modeled after streamlined railroad cars, were produced and installed in towns in New England; at least two examples still remain and are now registered historic buildings. Decoration in the Art Deco period went through several distinct phases. Between 1910 and 1920, as Art Nouveau was exhausted, design styles saw a return to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "798428", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nSpeer, which faced the equally grandiose socialist-realist pavilion of Stalin's Soviet Union. After World War II the dominant architectural style became the International Style pioneered by Le Corbusier, and Mies Van der Rohe. A handful of Art Deco hotels were built in Miami Beach after World War II, but elsewhere the style largely vanished, except in industrial design, where it continued to be used in automobile styling and products such as jukeboxes. In the 1960s, it experienced a modest academic revival, thanks in part to the writings of architectural historians such as Bevis Hillier. In the 1970s efforts were made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344674", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nArt Deco structures are mainly in the major cities; Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, Ontario, and Vancouver. They range from public buildings like Vancouver City Hall to commercial buildings (College Park) to public works (R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant). File:Edificios La Nacional I y II.JPG \| La Nacional Buildings Mexico City, Mexico (1932) In Mexico, the most imposing Art Deco example is interior of the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts), finished in 1934 with its elaborate decor and murals. Examples of Art Deco residential architecture can be found in the Condesa neighborhood, many designed by Francisco J. Serrano.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724437", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nfor many of the first performances of the Ballets Russes. Perret and Sauvage became the leading Art Deco architects in Paris in the 1920s. At its birth between 1910 and 1914, Art Deco was an explosion of colors, featuring bright and often clashing hues, frequently in floral designs, presented in furniture upholstery, carpets, screens, wallpaper and fabrics. Many colorful works, including chairs and a table by Maurice Dufrene and a bright Gobelin carpet by Paul Follot were presented at the 1912 Salon des artistes décorateurs. In 1912–1913 designer Adrien Karbowsky made a floral chair with a parrot design for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "798403", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nwould eventually become common within Art Deco; though with time the Deco style was often extremely colorful and anything but simple. In the \"\"Art Décoratif\"\" section of the 1912 Salon d'Automne, an architectural installation was exhibited known as the \"\"La Maison Cubiste\"\". The facade was designed by Raymond Duchamp-Villon. The decor of the house was by the firm of Louis Süe and André Mare, who had formed a company called the \"\"Atlelier Français\"\" in 1912. \"\"La Maison Cubiste\"\" was a furnished installation with a facade, a staircase, wrought iron banisters, a bedroom, a living room—the \"\"Salon Bourgeois\"\", where paintings by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13839351", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nGerman furnishings. In 1911, the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912. No copies of old styles were to be permitted; only modern works. The exhibit was postponed until 1914, then, because of the war, postponed until 1925, when it gave its name to the whole family of styles known as Déco. Parisian department stores and fashion designers also played an important part in the rise of Art Déco. Established firms including the luggage maker Louis Vuitton, silverware firm Christofle, glass designer René Lalique, and the jewelers Louis Cartier and Boucheron, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3112910", "chunk_text": "\"Bevis Hillier\"\nSpectator\"\". In 1968 Hillier's book \"\"Art Deco of the 20s and 30s\"\" was published by Studio Vista. This was the first major work on a hitherto neglected genre of art that had previously been referred to as Art Moderne (The term \"\"Art Moderne\"\" has since come to be used to refer to the later \"\"streamlined\"\" style of Art Deco in the 1930s.). Hillier's use of the term \"\"Art Deco\"\" became definitive. In 1971 Hillier curated a major Art Deco show at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which helped to increase popular awareness of this style. In 1969 Studio Vista published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6529184", "chunk_text": "\"Greco Deco\"\nGreco Deco Greco Deco is a term coined by Washington, DC based art historian James M. Goode to describe a style of art and architecture popularized in the late 1920s and 1930s. Arising out of the Beaux-Arts tradition, Greco Deco combined Greek and Roman traditions with those of the then fashionable Art Deco. The style is also referred to as Stripped Classical for its simpler appearance compared to neoclassical architecture. Greco Deco architecture frequently expressed itself in a rather severe Greco-Roman facade decorated with deco styles shallow reliefs and/or deco styled interior decoration featuring murals, tile mosaics and sculpture. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2436903", "chunk_text": "\"PWA Moderne\"\nPWA Moderne PWA Moderne (or \"\"P.W.A. Moderne\"\", PWA/WPA Moderne, Federal Moderne, Depression Moderne, Classical Moderne, Stripped Classicism) is an architectural style of many buildings in the United States completed between 1933 and 1944, during and shortly after the Great Depression as part of relief projects sponsored by the Public Works Administration (PWA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The style draws from traditional motifs such as Beaux-Arts classicism and Art Deco and is similar to Streamline Moderne, often with zigzag ornamentation added. The structures reflect a greater use of conservative and classical elements and have a monumental feel. They include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13839424", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nAirflow of 1933. It was unsuccessful commercially, but the beauty and functionality of its design set a precedent; meant modernity. It continued to be used in car design well after World War II. New industrial materials began to influence design of cars and household objects. These included aluminum, chrome, and bakelite, an early form of plastic. Bakelite could be easily molded into different forms, and soon was used in telephones, radios and other appliances. Ocean liners also adopted a style of Art Deco, known in French as the \"\"Style Paquebot\"\", or \"\"Ocean Liner Style\"\". The most famous example was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8212447", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco of the 20s and 30s\"\nmay have been referred to as \"\"Art Moderne\"\". Art Deco of the 20s and 30s Art Deco of the 20s and 30s is an art history book by English historian Bevis Hillier. It was initially published in 1968 by Studio Vista. The author discusses how the style of cubism, expressionism, Ancient Egyptian art, Mayan art, and so on influenced Art Deco, and how Art Deco itself changed the style of disciplines as various as modern architecture, jewelry, ceramics, tableware, metalwork, glass, textiles, and many others. According to historian Thomas Mellins, it was the publication of this book in 1968 that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13839365", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nArt Nouveau, a style which flourished in Europe between 1895 and 1900, and also gradually replaced the Beaux-Arts and neoclassical that were predominant in European and American architecture. In 1905 Eugène Grasset wrote and published \"\"Méthode de Composition Ornementale, Éléments Rectilignes,\"\" in which he systematically explored the decorative (ornamental) aspects of geometric elements, forms, motifs and their variations, in contrast with (and as a departure from) the undulating Art Nouveau style of Hector Guimard, so popular in Paris a few years earlier. Grasset stressed the principle that various simple geometric shapes like triangles and squares are the basis of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4071596", "chunk_text": "\"Futurist architecture\"\nthe Lingotto factory by Giacomo Matté-Trucco is defined as \"\"the first Futurist constructive invention\"\". Mazzoni himself in those years worked on a building considered today a masterpiece of futurist architecture, like the Heating plant and Main controls cabin at Santa Maria Novella railway station, in Florence. The Art Deco style of architecture with its streamlined forms was regarded as futuristic when it was in style in the 1920s and 1930s. The original name for both early and late \"\"Art Deco\"\" was Art Moderne — the name \"\"Art Deco\"\" did not come into use until 1968 when the term was invented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724530", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nIn the United States, Art Deco buildings are found from coast to coast, in all the major cities. It was most widely used for office buildings, train stations, airport terminals, and movie theaters; residential buildings are rare. In the 1930s, the more austere streamline style became popular. Many buildings were demolished between 1945 and the late 1960s, but then efforts began to protect the best examples. The City of Miami Beach established the Miami Beach Architectural District to preserve the colorful collection of Art Deco buildings found there. Art Deco buildings can be found throughout Central America. A particularly rich", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13839367", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nGreece, Rome, Asia, Mesoamerica and Oceania with Machine Age elements. Other styles borrowed included Russian Constructivism and Italian Futurism, as well as Orphism, Functionalism, and Modernism in general. Art Deco also used the clashing colors and designs of Fauvism, notably in the work of Henri Matisse and André Derain, inspired the designs of art deco textiles, wallpaper, and painted ceramics. It took ideas from the high fashion vocabulary of the period, which featured geometric designs, chevrons, zigzags, and stylized bouquets of flowers. It was influenced by discoveries in Egyptology, and growing interest in the Orient and in African art. From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3862188", "chunk_text": "\"Interior design\"\ndeadlines, stay on budget, and meet clients' needs. In some cases, licensed professionals review the work and sign it before submitting the design for approval by clients or construction permisioning. The need for licensed review and signature varies by locality, relevant legislation, and scope of work. Their work can involve significant travel to visit different locations. However, with technology development, the process of contacting clients and communicating design alternatives has become easier and requires less travel. They also renovate a space to satisfy the specific taste for a client. The Art Deco style began in Europe in the early years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11724438", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nhunting lodge of art collector Jacques Doucet. The furniture designers Louis Süe and André Mare made their first appearance at the 1912 exhibit, under the name of the \"\"Atelier Française,\"\" combining colorful fabrics with exotic and expensive materials, including ebony and ivory. After World War I they became one of the most prominent French interior design firms, producing the furniture for the first-class salons and cabins of the French transatlantic ocean liners. The vivid colors of Art Deco came from many sources, including the exotic set designs by Leon Bakst for the Ballets Russes, which caused a sensation in Paris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344576", "chunk_text": "\"Art Deco\"\nthe title, \"\"1925 EXPO. ARTS. DÉCO.\"\" which were combined into a book, \"\"L'art décoratif d'aujourd'hui\"\" (Decorative Art Today). The book was a spirited attack on the excesses of the colorful and lavish objects at the Exposition; and on the idea that practical objects such as furniture should have any decoration at all; his conclusion was that \"\"Modern decoration has no decoration\"\". The actual phrase \"\"Art déco\"\" did not appear in print until 1966, when it featured in the title of the first modern exhibit on the subject, called \"\"Les Années 25 : Art déco, Bauhaus, Stijl, Esprit nouveau\"\", which covered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4390381", "chunk_text": "\"Art Nouveau\"\nArt Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910. A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers. English uses the French name Art Nouveau (new art). The style is related to, but not identical with, styles that emerged in many countries in Europe at about the same time: in Austria it is known as \"\"Secessionsstil\"\" after \"\"Wiener Secession\"\"; in Spanish \"\"Modernismo\"\"; in Catalan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_795	where does the bob and tom show broadcast from?	n/a	[ "WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana", "Indianapolis, Indiana" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839843", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nThe Bob & Tom Show The Bob & Tom Show is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, March 7, 1983, and syndicated nationally since January 6, 1995. Originally syndicated by Premiere Networks, the show moved to Cumulus Media Networks (now Westwood One) at the beginning of 2014. The program enjoys extensive popularity and has frequently received recognition by the National Association of Broadcasters as an exemplar in American radio. \"\"Focusing on comedy and talk, \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" is a mash-up of news, sports, conversation, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12929081", "chunk_text": "WFBQ\nto Q95 while growing up. Rose said to the fans, \"\"\"\"You know what?!, that station saved my freakin' life.\"\"\"\" WFBQ WFBQ (94.7 FM, \"\"Q95\"\") is a radio station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, owned by iHeartMedia. The studios are located at 6161 Fall Creek Road on the northeast side of Indianapolis. The transmitter and antenna are located on the Northeast side of Indianapolis. It is the flagship station of the popular nationally syndicated program \"\"The Bob and Tom Show\"\". WFBQ began operation as WFBM-FM in 1955 as the sister station to WFBM (now WNDE) and WFBM-TV (now WRTV). In 1957,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11353164", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\ngoing to People's Burn Foundation of Indiana and Kid's Voice of Indiana, Inc. On May 9, 2014, Bob and Tom presented a comedy show as a tribute to the late Tim Wilson. All proceeds went to help with the education of Tim's son. The Bob & Tom Show The Bob & Tom Show is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, March 7, 1983, and syndicated nationally since January 6, 1995. Originally syndicated by Premiere Networks, the show moved to Cumulus Media Networks (now Westwood One) at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12929077", "chunk_text": "WFBQ\nWFBQ WFBQ (94.7 FM, \"\"Q95\"\") is a radio station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, owned by iHeartMedia. The studios are located at 6161 Fall Creek Road on the northeast side of Indianapolis. The transmitter and antenna are located on the Northeast side of Indianapolis. It is the flagship station of the popular nationally syndicated program \"\"The Bob and Tom Show\"\". WFBQ began operation as WFBM-FM in 1955 as the sister station to WFBM (now WNDE) and WFBM-TV (now WRTV). In 1957, all three WFBM stations were sold to Time-Life, Inc. In 1961, the two WFBM radio stations were sold to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839844", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\ninterviews\"\" which airs new broadcasts every weekday morning live from 6 to 10 A.M. in the Eastern Time Zone (5–9 A.M. Central) or tape-delayed on affiliated stations in other time zones. There is an additional weekday segment which airs between 10:00 and 10:20 A.M. ET only on home station WFBQ. As of February 13, 2017, the post-show segment airs only on select dates rather than daily. Since January 31, 2011, \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" has aired on the American Forces Network as the morning show on AFN's Legacy Channel-The World's Classic Rock Station. \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" repurposes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5828627", "chunk_text": "Indianapolis\nWSDI-LD 30 (Quest), WHMB-TV 40 (Family), WCLJ-TV 42 (Ion Life), WBXI-CD 47 (Decades), WXIN-TV 59 (Fox), WIPX-TV 63 (Ion) and WDTI 69 (Daystar). The majority of commercial radio stations in the city are owned by Cumulus Media, Emmis Communications, iHeartMedia, and Radio One. Popular nationally syndicated radio program \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" has been based at Indianapolis radio station WFBQ since 1983. , the Indianapolis metropolitan area was the 27th largest television market and 39th largest radio market in the U.S. Indianapolis natives Jane Pauley and David Letterman launched their notable broadcasting careers in local media, Pauley with WISH-TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9709402", "chunk_text": "WIOT\nWIOT WIOT (104.7 FM) – branded 104-7 WIOT – is a commercial mainstream rock radio station licensed to Toledo, Ohio, serving Metro Toledo and Monroe County, Michigan. Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., WIOT is the Toledo affiliate for \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" and \"\"The House of Hair with Dee Snider\"\". The WIOT studios are located in Downtown Toledo, while the station transmitter resides in the Toledo suburb of Oregon. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WIOT broadcasts over two HD Radio channels, and is available online via iHeartRadio. WIOT began as WTOL-FM in October 1949. WIOT was Toledo's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8344227", "chunk_text": "\"Bob and Tom Radio: The Comedy Tour\"\nBob and Tom Radio: The Comedy Tour Bob and Tom Radio: The Comedy Tour is a DVD made as a spin-off from \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\". This is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1983. The program is among the highest rated in American radio. The show is hosted by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold and its format is that of a comedy variety show. Each day, there are usually several guests on the show, including many comedians seeking a national fan base. Over the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15196178", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nmorning show on sister station WNDE. Hosting duties for \"\"Best of\"\" broadcasts have subsequently been handled by Christopher Geisen, formerly of WOFX-FM in Cincinnati, and the Kerrigan & Christopher morning show at WTUE in Dayton, Ohio, and now a member of the show's staff. On September 1, 2015, Bob and Tom were selected as inductees to the National Radio Hall of Fame. The induction ceremony took place on November 5, 2015, at the Museum of Broadcast Communications in downtown Chicago. During his induction speech, Bob announced his retirement effective at the end of 2015. Before Bob's retirement, Scott Potasnik (\"\"P-taz\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2283022", "chunk_text": "\"The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series)\"\nand Jerry Show\"\" first premiered on March 1, 2014 on Teletoon in Canada. The series premiered on April 9, 2014 on Cartoon Network in the United States. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it began airing on April 12, 2014 on Boomerang. It premiered on April 21, 2014 on Cartoon Network in India. In Australia, Cartoon Network premiered it on May 5, 2014. The series began airing on Boomerang in the United States on January 5, 2015. In Indonesia, it is currently broadcast on GTV since February 13, 2017 and on RCTI since August 13, 2017. In China, it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11353161", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nit was moved to 2 a.m. ET). The program ended its run on WGN America on September 10, 2010, as part of an extensive revamp of the network's schedule. As part of the deal, WTTV Indianapolis (another Tribune-owned station) would be the first to air the nightly one-hour telecast. Over their career, the show has been actively involved in charitable work. Some of the albums they have produced since 1986 have been utilized to raise money for various charities. After the syndicated portion of their show ends at 10:00 a.m. Eastern they typically devote up to a half-hour to further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15398523", "chunk_text": "WYCM\njockeys. The syndicated Bob & Tom Show aired on WSHP for the last time on October 20, 2010 (and still airs in the Lafayette area from its home studios at WFBQ, 94.7, Indianapolis). General manager Ernie Caldemone, as quoted in an October 28, 2010 Lafayette Journal and Courier article, said, \"\"Every three to five years a contract (renewal) comes up and we just decided this was not a time to be broadcasting Bob and Tom. There are people who are upset. But after we share with them the reasoning for it, they understand. It's strictly a business decision.\"\" From Monday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1230688", "chunk_text": "WTTV\nin the production of the Hoosier Lottery's daily drawings to fulfill requirements of channel 4's contract with the lottery commission, which required the evening drawings to air during local newscasts. In August 2008, Clear Channel-owned radio station WFBQ (94.7 FM) formed a partnership with the Tribune Company to produce a television broadcast of the nationally syndicated radio program \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" (hosted by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold); the pre-recorded hour-long program – featuring highlights taken from that day's radio broadcast – aired on WTTV and co-owned Chicago-based cable superstation WGN America, in an effort by Tribune to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15210893", "chunk_text": "WFXJ-FM\n15, 1999. The construction permit was transferred to Clear Channel on July 11, 2000. Clear Channel obtained the calls WCUZ on January 18, 2001, when it moved the WPHR calls to its station in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It finally settled on WFXJ-FM on August 6, 2001. It is one of four stations in the Media One Group's Ashtabula cluster, the others being WZOO-FM, WREO-FM, WYBL (FM) and WFUN (AM) - all of which were sold off by Clear Channel in September 2007. WFXJ-FM airs \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" during weekday mornings via Premiere Networks, and \"\"Nights with Alice Cooper\"\" weekday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13530737", "chunk_text": "\"WGN America\"\nthat proved too expensive to maintain. On August 21, 2008, WGN America announced a partnership with Indianapolis radio station WFBQ to carry the television broadcast of \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" radio program – which was originally produced for Tribune's duopoly of Fox affiliate WXIN (channel 59) and CW affiliate WTTV (channel 4, now a CBS affiliate) in that market. The program debuted on WGN America on November 3, 2008, originally airing in a standard late night slot, before being moved to overnights until the television broadcast ended on September 13, 2010. On December 19, 2008, WGN America reached a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15771350", "chunk_text": "WRTR\nWRTR WRTR (105.9 FM, \"\"Talk Radio 105.9\"\") is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk radio format. Licensed to Brookwood, Alabama, United States, the station serves the Tuscaloosa area. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Capstar TX Limited Partnership. The station started life as WACT-FM, and changed its call letters to the current WRTR-FM on March 31, 1997. WRTR was known as \"\"Tuscaloosa's Rock Station\"\" and is the home of \"\"The Bob and Tom Show\"\" in West Alabama. Popular radio host Joe Elvis has hosted Afternoon Drive since 2002 and \"\"The Wild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839857", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nMay 1, 2018, to \"\"The Bob & Tom Show.\"\" iHeartMedia, corporate parent of flagship WFBQ \"\"Q95\"\" and another 12 of the show's 90+ syndication outlets, announced a renewed agreement on December 10, 2018, to continue airing the show on those iHeartMedia stations. Although the announcement did not detail the length of the agreement, news reports note that \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" could conceivably celebrate its 40th anniversary at Q95 on March 7, 2023. The show's primary cast performed live on stage with guest comedians and live musicians at evening shows in venues around the country for several years in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "98624", "chunk_text": "\"Bob and Tom Radio: The Comedy Tour\"\ntheir popular format into the homes of viewers, they have filmed the performances of more than a dozen exceptional standup comedians at the historic Paramount Theatre in Anderson, Indiana. A \"\"cleaner\"\" and shortened version of the DVD was presented on Comedy Central shortly before the DVD went on full release to the public. While a buyer for Lockheed Corporation, he thought “Why make $200 a day, when I can be a comedian and make that in a week!” His manic presentation on the DVD takes ones breath away as you try to assimilate madcap offering in just a moment of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15597596", "chunk_text": "WILZ\nWILZ WILZ (104.5 FM, \"\"Wheelz 104.5\"\") is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format in Saginaw, Michigan, owned by Cumulus Media. The station is the local affiliate of the syndicated programs \"\"The Bob and Tom Show\"\" and \"\"Nights with Alice Cooper\"\". WILZ can be heard in the northern thumb area, around their niche market, Saginaw/Bay City. It reaches farther south through the Flint and Lapeer county areas. With weaker radios, an adjustment of the antenna is needed, because of adjacent channel interference from Detroit's WOMC on 104.3. 104.5 FM began in the early 1990s as WUVE, an album oriented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16699881", "chunk_text": "\"The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series)\"\nThe Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series) The Tom and Jerry Show is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Renegade Animation. Based on the \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" characters and theatrical cartoon series created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera in 1940, the series first premiered on the Canadian channel Teletoon on March 1, 2014 and began airing on Cartoon Network in the United States on April 9, 2014. On March 7, 2017, it was announced that future episodes of the series would be released on Boomerang's SVOD service. A fourth season of the series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9804938", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Kevoian\"\nBob Kevoian Robert James \"\"Bob\"\" Kevoian (born December 2, 1950) is a retired American radio host of the nationally syndicated radio show \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" together with his partner, Tom Griswold. The show is broadcast from WFBQ's studios in Indianapolis, Indiana. Kevoian is a 1973 graduate of California State University, Long Beach. Kevoian started a masters program in 1974, but gave it up when he started working as an intern for a local radio station in Los Angeles. Kevoian was awarded an honorary doctorate in Communications from Central Michigan University where he gave the commencement speech in 2003.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9037219", "chunk_text": "WFXN-FM\nWFXN-FM WFXN-FM (102.3 FM) — branded 102.3 The Fox — is a commercial classic rock radio station licensed to Galion, Ohio. Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., WFXN-FM is the local affiliate for \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" and \"\"The House of Hair with Dee Snider\"\". The WFXN-FM studios are located in Mansfield, while the station transmitter resides in Galion. Besides a standard analog transmission, the station is available online via iHeartRadio. WFXN-FM primarily serves the Mid-Ohio counties of Richland, Crawford, and Morrow, but also extends its signal by using a single full-power repeater. Licensed to Loudonville, Ohio, repeater WXXF (107.7 FM)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15196174", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nChick, and Kristi. For most of \"\"The Bob & Tom Show’s\"\" 35+ year history, the cast consisted of hosts Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold, sports commentator and comic foil Chick McGee, news director Kristi Lee, and producer Dean Metcalf. Kevoian and Griswold originally teamed up in the early 1980s at Petoskey, Michigan station WJML before being lured to WFBQ \"\"Q95\"\" Indianapolis in 1983 to host what was initially a music-heavy morning show. After McGee (in 1986) and Lee (in 1988) joined the show, the primary cast that listeners would know for decades simply as “Bob, Tom, Chick, and Kristi” was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8980402", "chunk_text": "\"Mount Tom (Massachusetts)\"\nTom is traversed by the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail and is the transmitter location for three Springfield–Holyoke television stations: WGBY, WGGB, and WSHM-LD, and for radio stations WHYN-FM and WWEI. The name \"\"Mount Tom\"\" is sometimes used to describe the entire Mount Tom Range. According to popular folklore, Mount Tom takes its name from Rowland Thomas, a surveyor who worked for the settlement of Springfield, Massachusetts in the 1660s. Thomas supposedly named Mount Tom after himself while his fellow surveyor working on the opposite side of the Connecticut River, Elizur Holyoke, gave his name to Mount Holyoke. The Mount Tom Hotel was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6915176", "chunk_text": "KTZU\nthe rodeo and western industry to raise money and awareness for breast cancer treatment and research. The campaign ultimately raised over $26,000 for a new cancer exercise rehabilitation center at the Minot Family YMCA. KTZU KTZU (94.9 FM, \"\"94.9 The Zoo\"\") is radio station with a classic rock format. Licensed to Velva, North Dakota, it serves the Minot, North Dakota area. KTZU began transmission in April 2005, and broadcasts \"\"The Bob and Tom Show\"\" during the mornings. Its studios are located at 624 31st Ave. SW in Minot, and the transmitter site is south of town off of Highway 83.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5885754", "chunk_text": "\"Kristi Lee\"\nFebruary 2017, it was announced that Kristi Lee was inducted into her high school's hall of fame. She will have a plaque with her name and picture on it mounted on the Ben Davis High School Wall of Fame. She has always maintained that she owes her successful career to her start at the school's radio station, WBDG, where her lifelong love of the communications and entertainment industry began. Kristi Lee Kristi Lee, whose real name is Theresa Ritz (born July 17, 1960), is the news director of the nationally syndicated radio show \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3457013", "chunk_text": "\"Bob & Doug (TV series)\"\nthe original CBC sketches, voiced the animated character of Doug, Rick Moranis chose not to provide the voice of Bob, due to his acting hiatus and retirement, although he was one of the series' executive producers alongside Thomas. Bob was instead voiced by Dave Coulier. In addition to Thomas and Coulier, the program's cast also included Patrick McKenna, Derek McGrath, Neil Crone, Maurice LaMarche, Ron Pardo and Jayne Eastwood. The series is set in the fictional town of Maple Lake, a town located just across the Canada–United States border from the fictional American metropolis of JFK City, a hotbed of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839849", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nset. As the show became more popular and successful, Mark Patrick, Dave Dugan, Whit Grayson, Steve Salge, and Ron Sexton joined the \"\"Bob & Tom\"\" staff to voice dozens of recurring fictional and parody characters. Salge and Sexton, along with Metcalf, are still active today as voices of most of the show’s fictional characters and callers. On January 5, 1995, Chick left \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" to become co-host of a show called \"\"Kevin & McGee\"\" at KGB-FM in San Diego, California. After six months in San Diego, McGee returned on July 10, 1995 to his former job on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860625", "chunk_text": "WJXQ\nWJXQ WJXQ (106.1 MHz, \"\"Q106\"\") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Charlotte, Michigan, and serving the Lansing radio market. WJXQ is owned by Midwest Communications and airs a mainstream rock radio format. Studios and offices are located on Cedar St. in Holt. The transmitter is on Prime Road in Springport. The station begins each weekday with \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\", syndicated from Indianapolis. Local DJs are heard the rest of each weekday. Weekends feature \"\"The House of Hair with Dee Snider\"\", \"\"Racing Rocks with Riki Rachtman\"\" and \"\"Hard Drive with Lou Brutus\"\" In 1964, the station first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15597599", "chunk_text": "WILZ\nCumulus Media on September 16, 2011. WILZ WILZ (104.5 FM, \"\"Wheelz 104.5\"\") is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format in Saginaw, Michigan, owned by Cumulus Media. The station is the local affiliate of the syndicated programs \"\"The Bob and Tom Show\"\" and \"\"Nights with Alice Cooper\"\". WILZ can be heard in the northern thumb area, around their niche market, Saginaw/Bay City. It reaches farther south through the Flint and Lapeer county areas. With weaker radios, an adjustment of the antenna is needed, because of adjacent channel interference from Detroit's WOMC on 104.3. 104.5 FM began in the early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5885749", "chunk_text": "\"Kristi Lee\"\nKristi Lee Kristi Lee, whose real name is Theresa Ritz (born July 17, 1960), is the news director of the nationally syndicated radio show \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" and is responsible for delivering newscasts of various headlines (which are often used for humorous takeoffs) during the show. Lee often hosted or participated in shows. She is the mother of two daughters, Ava and Sophie, and she has been married and divorced three times. Lee graduated from Ben Davis High School in Indianapolis and got her start on WBDG, the school's station. She attended Indiana University. Lee's first full-time job", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15585429", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Bedore\"\nTim Bedore Tim Bedore (born c. 1957) is an American comedian born in Chicago, IL. His parents moved to Stevens Point, Wisconsin when he was a child. He attended Pacelli High School (Wisconsin) in Stevens Point and the Appleton High School-West, where he graduated. Bedore is best known for his \"\"Vague But True\"\" comedy segments on PRI's \"\"Marketplace\"\" and the syndicated \"\"Bob & Tom Show\"\". Bedore gained initial fame doing an afternoon drive radio show at KQAK San Francisco. After working for many years in the Los Angeles area, he recently moved to the Minneapolis-St. Paul area with his wife", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14985266", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Griswold\"\nTom Griswold Thomas Bruce \"\"Tom\"\" Griswold (born April 22, 1953) co-hosts the radio show \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" together with Chick McGee, Kristi Lee, and Josh Arnold. Co-host Bob Kevoian retired at the end of 2015. This comedy-based early morning program is among the highest rated in American radio and has been nationally syndicated since 1995. The show is broadcast from WFBQ's studios in Indianapolis, Indiana. He worked in radio in WETO in DeLand, Florida and WMBN and WJML in Petoskey, Michigan. Griswold met Bob Kevoian in Petoskey, Michigan. After Michigan he would go to WFBQ Radio in Indianapolis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2283023", "chunk_text": "\"The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series)\"\nbroadcast on China Central Television. The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series) The Tom and Jerry Show is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Renegade Animation. Based on the \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" characters and theatrical cartoon series created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera in 1940, the series first premiered on the Canadian channel Teletoon on March 1, 2014 and began airing on Cartoon Network in the United States on April 9, 2014. On March 7, 2017, it was announced that future episodes of the series would be released on Boomerang's SVOD service. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16377578", "chunk_text": "KDBX\nKDBX KDBX is a radio station whose transmitter is located in the nearby town of Clear Lake, South Dakota, but the studios are in Brookings. The station carries The Bob & Tom Show in the mornings, and is an affiliate of the syndicated Floydian Slip Pink Floyd show. KDBX broadcasts across a wide region encompassing both the Brookings and Watertown areas in eastern South Dakota as well as reaching points in western Minnesota as far as Marshall and Benson. The station was formerly in a historic train depot. In 2005, the depot was sold and KDBX relocated to the building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16938506", "chunk_text": "\"Bob (TV series)\"\nBob (TV series) Bob is an American sitcom which aired on CBS from September 18, 1992, to December 27, 1993, with a total of 33 half-hour episodes spanning over two seasons. It was the third starring vehicle sitcom for Bob Newhart, and proved to be far less successful than \"\"The Bob Newhart Show\"\" and \"\"Newhart\"\", his previous outings with the network. Bill Steinkellner, Cheri Steinkellner, and Phoef Sutton comprised the creative writing team behind the show. The series was produced by Paramount Television. The series was set in Chicago, Illinois. Newhart portrayed Bob McKay, the creator of the 1950s comic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9804941", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Kevoian\"\nmy PD; it was pretty wild.\"\" They achieved a 44 share in the ratings and in order to get rid of them the competition made a compilation tape of their best bits and mailed it to the Superstars Convention, a gathering of program directors from 300 stations, where it was played. They started getting offers from all over the country. He came to WFBQ Radio in Indianapolis in early 1978. He is the producer, director, writer and composed credits for The Bob and Tom Show Home Movie, 2004. Bob participated in the shows recorded in Anderson, Indiana. Bob has personally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13817585", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Arnold\"\nJosh Arnold Joshua M. Arnold (born May 16, 1978) is a radio personality who appears on \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\". He is originally from Fenton, Missouri. Arnold is a professional comedian and was named the best male comedian in the St. Louis area in 2011. Prior to becoming a comedian he worked for Rawlings and taught English in South Korea for almost two years. Arnold joined \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" on August 1, 2016, replacing Scott Potasnik after several weeks of guest hosting. Arnold had made numerous appearances as a guest on the show prior to joining it.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13817584", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Arnold\"\nJosh Arnold Joshua M. Arnold (born May 16, 1978) is a radio personality who appears on \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\". He is originally from Fenton, Missouri. Arnold is a professional comedian and was named the best male comedian in the St. Louis area in 2011. Prior to becoming a comedian he worked for Rawlings and taught English in South Korea for almost two years. Arnold joined \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" on August 1, 2016, replacing Scott Potasnik after several weeks of guest hosting. Arnold had made numerous appearances as a guest on the show prior to joining it.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16967492", "chunk_text": "\"Bob's Burgers\"\nthe show's writing staff). While series creator Loren Bouchard has said that the show's location was an indeterminate Northeastern United States shore town (calling the setting a \"\"semi-Springfield)\"\", some critics, particularly after the episode \"\"It Snakes a Village\"\", have deduced that the unidentified setting appears to actually be southern New Jersey. A bus driver in the episode \"\"Eat, Spray, Linda\"\" references a stop at Wildwood Wharf, which may refer to Wildwood, New Jersey, a city on the southeastern coast of the state. Bob's Burgers is located in a green two-story building which features an apartment on the second floor where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "948591", "chunk_text": "\"Bob FM\"\nLafayette, Indiana, jettisoned its country format to introduce Bob to its listeners on December 6, 2007. Many Bob-FM stations are imaged by Digital Sound & Video, Inc, located in Daytona Beach, Florida and voiced by Sean Caldwell. At least two non variety-hits Bob FM outlets exist, WRBT in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and KLCI in Minneapolis-St. Paul, both of which run a country music format. Kroeger created a similar format and brand, Hank FM and DUKE FM, for country stations; that can currently be heard in over twenty U.S. markets. The majority of these Hank FM and DUKE FM branded stations use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4383190", "chunk_text": "\"Bob and Margaret\"\nof Balham. For the third and fourth seasons, however, they moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, allowing the writers to explore the humour of culture clash. The move was actually inspired by the realities of funding, with certain Canadian tax benefits dependent on stories actually based in Canada. As such, to keep the series funded, the move was necessary. The creators of the series (real-life husband-and-wife David Fine and Alison Snowden) chose to take an executive role on these latter two seasons, reviewing scripts and consulting, but not involved in the detail they were for the first two seasons. Snowden continued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3041194", "chunk_text": "KTHR\nto 107.3, and would adopt KKRD's format on June 21st as KZCH, \"\"Channel 96.3\"\"). On June 17th, at 10 a.m., KRZZ's classic rock format would move to 107.3 and rebrand as \"\"107.3 The Road\"\" with call letters KTHR adopted on June 28th. On October 30, 2009, KTHR rebranded as \"\"The Brew.\"\" \"\"The Brew\"\" differed from traditional classic rock stations in that it features a mix of music with a pop lean, that's appealing to both men and women. Bob & Tom, a syndicated morning show based in Indianapolis, aired weekdays from 5am - 9am and Saturdays 6am - 10am. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8866123", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob and Sheri Show\"\nwould allow the show to work in other parts of the country, and it would not matter that they weren't local. People knew Rush Limbaugh and Howard Stern were not in Charlotte. In less than eight months, Bob and Sheri were heard in 7 new markets: Greensboro, North Carolina; Greenville, North Carolina; Bangor, Maine; New London, Connecticut; Charleston, West Virginia; Hudson, New York; and Albany, Georgia. In September 1998, the number of stations reached 17. Except for Durango, Colorado, all of these were in the eastern United States. Fayetteville, North Carolina was the fifth of the markets where the show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15402351", "chunk_text": "\"Happy Station Show\"\nRNW to use the Happy Station name. Tom Meijer, who hosted RNW's \"\"Happy Station\"\" in the 1970s and 1980s is involved as a consultant, and makes occasional on-air contributions. Meijer's successor at RNW, Jonathan Groubert, has also appeared as a guest on the show. The new production is produced in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic Of China, and the over-air version was initially broadcast on shortwave from WRMI's transmitters in Okeechobee, Florida in the United States. The show broadcasts on shortwave via WRMI and continues as a weekly podcast and internet radio show via the PCJ Media website and is also relayed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9804945", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Kevoian\"\nKevoian also likes to collect \"\"large\"\" ordinary items, such as coffee cups or safety pins that are extremely large compared to their normal sizes. Kevoian likewise keeps a collection of these \"\"large\"\" items in his studio. Bob Kevoian Robert James \"\"Bob\"\" Kevoian (born December 2, 1950) is a retired American radio host of the nationally syndicated radio show \"\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\" together with his partner, Tom Griswold. The show is broadcast from WFBQ's studios in Indianapolis, Indiana. Kevoian is a 1973 graduate of California State University, Long Beach. Kevoian started a masters program in 1974, but gave it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839847", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\niOS and Android in early 2016, through which users may hear live streams of new broadcasts on weekday mornings through affiliate stations plus \"\"B&T 24/7,\"\" a continuous stream of \"\"Best of \"\"Bob & Tom\"\"\"\" shows. This marked the first time that a stream of broadcasts from the show's archive became available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at no charge to listeners. Previously, \"\"B&T 24/7\"\" was available only to paid subscribers of the \"\"VIP\"\" feature at the show's web site. \"\"B&T 24/7\"\" features segments recorded throughout the show's history, most featuring the original primary cast of Bob, Tom,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9646530", "chunk_text": "WMTJ\nas the transmitter site is located in a remote tropical forest on national park land, requiring National Forest Service approvals of any new transmission tower. Due to damage from Hurricane Maria, WMTJ was forced to go off the air September 20, 2017 (the station's website still lists the schedule from September 11 to 17, 2017 with shows no longer on the schedule like Thomas and Friends); on October 16, the Ana G. Mendez University System announced that the station would be shut down indefinitely as part of a larger suspension of non-academic activities at the school. The shutdown left Puerto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15196184", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\nthe late 1990s and early 2000s. Later, they supported the which featured many of their frequent guests and spawned Comedy Central broadcasts and a . Many fictional characters and parodies of real-life people have sprung up during the show's history, some voiced by Bob Kevoian, Tom Griswold, Chick McGee, on-air producer Dean Metcalf, Steve Salge, and Ron Sexton. The show also takes calls from actual live listeners, plus miscellaneous \"\"crazy listener\"\" caricatures. On November 3, 2008, WGN America began airing an hour-long TV show taken from the day's radio broadcast at Midnight ET Monday through Friday (as of November 2009,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4839845", "chunk_text": "\"The Bob & Tom Show\"\ntheir live morning show as an overnight show called \"\"Bob & Tom All Nighter\"\". \"\"All Nighter\"\" airs 12–5 A.M. on a few terrestrial affiliated stations and their streams. During the show, live or pre-recorded comic songs and skits are often played, including many from a huge library of archived pieces. There are frequent impromptu \"\"calls\"\" from numerous characters voiced primarily by Steve Salge, Ron Sexton, and Dean Metcalf. Several guests usually join the primary cast each day in the studio or via phone or satellite, including numerous comedians who tour nationally. The show has frequently featured up-and-coming comedians who went", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_796	star wars the clone wars season 3 episode 1?	n/a	[ "Clone Cadets" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20474310", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nthe Sith use a metaphysical power known as the Force, but in different manners: the Jedi draw on the \"\"light\"\" side which is fueled by selflessness and compassion, while the Sith draw on the \"\"dark\"\" side which is fueled by primal urges such as greed and hate. The main storyline of Volume One features the Jedi Knight Obi-Wan Kenobi (James Arnold Taylor) being assigned to lead an assault on the planet Muunilinst, home of the Intergalactic Banking Clan, benefactors of the Confederacy of Independent Systems wishing to break away from the Galactic Republic. His apprentice, Anakin Skywalker (Mat Lucas), is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10287796", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nthe Confederacy of Independent Systems and the Sith. The series is notable for introducing the characters of General Grievous and Asajj Ventress to the \"\"Star Wars\"\" universe. The series aired on Cartoon Network for three seasons consisting of 25 episodes from 2003 to 2005, and was the first \"\"Star Wars\"\" television series since \"\"Ewoks\"\" in 1986. The first two seasons of \"\"Clone Wars\"\", known together as \"\"Volume One\"\", were produced in a two- to three-minute \"\"micro\"\" format, while the third and final season consisted of five fifteen-minute episodes making up \"\"Volume Two\"\". Both volumes were later released on home video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19600417", "chunk_text": "\"Clone Wars (Star Wars)\"\nBinks and the rest of the Galactic Senate into granting him emergency powers. Investigating two attempted assassinations of Senator Padmé Amidala, Obi-Wan Kenobi discovers Dooku used the identity of a dead Jedi master to secretly arrange the creation of a massive clone army on the Republic's behalf. Yoda leads the clone army to rescue Obi-Wan, Padmé, and Anakin Skywalker from the Separatists on Geonosis, and the first battle of the war ensues. At the battle's conclusion, Yoda declares that the Clone War has begun. \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" shows the waning days of the three-year Clone Wars, in which clone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20474309", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nCompany purchased Lucasfilm in 2012. \"\"Star Wars: Clone Wars\"\" is part of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel storyline, surrounding the fall of esteemed Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker and his subsequent transformation into the Sith Lord Darth Vader. The series begins in the year 22 BBY, a few months following \"\"\"\". The Clone Wars have just begun, with the failing Galactic Republic and the Jedi Order under siege from the Confederacy of Independent Systems wishing to secede from Galactic society with the help of the Sith. As the war rages, more and more planets slip from Republic control. Both the Jedi and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3009439", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\nnature of the Force. On December 5, 2011, a full-length feature cut of one of the Season 3 trilogies of episodes (the one composed by \"\"Nightsisters,\"\" \"\"Monster,\"\" and \"\"Witches of the Mist\"\") was released for download on iTunes as an uninterrupted movie that was previously shown at selected screenings in 2010. The three episodes were written by Katie Lucas, who had previously written the Season 1 episode \"\"Jedi Crash\"\" as well as the Season 3 episodes \"\"Sphere of Influence\"\" and \"\"Assassin.\"\" A repeat of season one aired in \"\"decoded\"\" episode format. Each installment contained unobtrusive text windows giving supplemental information", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19600410", "chunk_text": "\"Clone Wars (Star Wars)\"\nClone Wars (Star Wars) The Clone Wars, occasionally referred to in the singular as the Clone War, are conflicts in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise by George Lucas. Though mentioned briefly in the first \"\"Star Wars\"\" film (1977), the conflicts themselves are not depicted until \"\"\"\" (2002) and \"\"\"\" (2005). The Clone Wars are also the setting for three eponymous projects: (2003–2005), (2008), and (2008–present). They have featured in numerous \"\"Star Wars\"\" books and games. Within the \"\"Star Wars\"\" narrative, the Clone Wars involve a three-year war fought to prevent thousands of planetary systems from seceding from the Galactic Republic and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16448513", "chunk_text": "\"Hostage Crisis (Star Wars: The Clone Wars)\"\nHostage Crisis (Star Wars: The Clone Wars) \"\"Hostage Crisis\"\" is the twenty-second episode and first season finale of \"\"\"\". It first aired on March 20, 2009 on Cartoon Network. Cad Bane and his crew of bounty hunters and droid enforcers arrive at the Senate landing zone, where they meet a host of Senate Commandos, who are not happy with their unauthorized arrival. Aurra Sing snipes three of them from long-range and the rest of the bounty hunters overwhelm the rest of the squad. One of the commando droids fools security into thinking that the guards had taken down a group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "665406", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\nStar Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series began with released on August 15, 2008, and debuted on Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional \"\"Star Wars\"\" galaxy during the three years between the prequel films \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series \"\"\"\". Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half-hour time slot. Dave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16043171", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\ncommand of part of the 501st Legion, including Captain Rex; those under her command repaint their helmets orange and adorn them with Ahsoka's togruta markings. She leads them at the siege of Mandalore, which takes place at the same time as the beginning of . Commander Appo serves in the 501st Legion under the command of Jedi General Anakin Skywalker. He first appears in \"\"Episode III: Revenge of the Sith\"\", in which he and other members of the 501st carry out Order 66 and follow Anakin, now Darth Vader, in attacking the Jedi Temple on Coruscant. He stops Senator Bail", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18563468", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\ngames listed below: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series began with released on August 15, 2008, and debuted on Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional \"\"Star Wars\"\" galaxy during the three years between the prequel films \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series \"\"\"\". Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half-hour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10287808", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nserved as an executive producer on the series, gave Tartakovsky all the major events during the Clone Wars. The pilot series, produced primarily with traditional animation, originally ran on Cartoon Network. In addition to being shown on television, the episodes were released online simultaneously at the \"\"Star Wars\"\" and Cartoon Network websites. The series was heavily advertised by Cartoon Network, and was originally shown immediately before their popular Friday night programming block Fridays. The first season consisted of 10 episodes, lasting 3 minutes each. Along with season 2, it was released on DVD as \"\"Volume One\"\". The second season consisted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13713598", "chunk_text": "\"Darth Vader\"\nwere rebranded by Lucasfilm as \"\"\"\"Legends\"\"\"\" and declared non-canon to the franchise. Anakin is a lead character in all three seasons of the \"\"\"\" microseries, which takes place four months after the conclusion of \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\". Anakin becomes a Jedi Knight and is quickly promoted to a General of the Republic's Clone Army, due in part to Palpatine's influence. Among other missions, he fights a duel with Dark Jedi Asajj Ventress, helps Obi-Wan capture a Separatist-controlled fortress and rescues Jedi Master Saesee Tiin during a space battle. During the third season, Anakin frees the planet Nelvaan from Separatist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10287795", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nStar Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series) Star Wars: Clone Wars is an American animated television micro-series adapted, directed, produced and co-written by Genndy Tartakovsky, set in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" universe. Produced and released between the films \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", it is the first of many works to explore the conflict set between the two known as the Clone Wars, and directly leads to the events of \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\". The show follows the actions of various characters from the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel trilogy, notably Jedi Knights and clone troopers, in their war against the battle droid armies of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16043174", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\ntrooper. He and his unit are assigned to a remote listening outpost that is invaded by Separatist droids. Though the invasion is successfully repelled, only Fives and Echo survive, and they are reassigned to the 501st Legion. The season three episode \"\"Clone Cadets\"\" depicts Fives and his unit as cadets in training on Kamino. The unit, called Domino squad, is initially unable to work together to pass their final test. Fives and Echo feel weighed down by the others in the squad and ask to be reassigned, but the request is denied. Under the advice of Jedi General Shaak Ti,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18563447", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\nprimary battle droid manufacturing facility. The first half of both Season 3 and Season 4 are diplomatic in nature; Season 3, in particular, has many stories that take place away from the battlefield. How different races and planets are affected by the galaxy-wide war are shown, as well as how the Republic Senate can make a bigger difference than even the Jedi Council at times. The first half of Season 3 is used mainly to make the Clone Wars series more cohesive as these first episodes created better chronology, setting themselves in and among the previous two seasons' episodes. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19600420", "chunk_text": "\"Clone Wars (Star Wars)\"\ndepicts the prelude to the opening battle of \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" and Palpatine's capture by General Grievous. Several years later, Lucas chose to reboot the series as a 3D CGI series developed by Dave Filoni. After several years of production on the new television series, Lucas decided to spin off the first four episodes as . The film, released in 2008, introduces Ahsoka Tano as Anakin's apprentice and depicts the Republic and the Separatists attempting to gain permission to travel through Jabba the Hutt's territory, as well as the Separatist invasion of Christophosis. The (2008–2014) is likewise set against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770331", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\nkeeping the peace on Coruscant, protecting public spaces and important buildings, and serving as escorts and guards on diplomatic missions. They first appear in \"\"Episode III: Revenge of the Sith\"\", where they search for Yoda's body in the Senate building after his duel with Darth Sidious and later help Sidious recover Darth Vader's body on Mustafar. The Coruscant Guard appears in \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" film and television series, led by Commander Fox. They hunt Jedi fugitive Ahsoka Tano when she is framed for the bombing of the Jedi Temple and for murder in season five, and they search for ARC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13111624", "chunk_text": "\"Saw Gerrera\"\nLasat race of \"\"Ghost\"\" crew member Garazeb \"\"Zeb\"\" Orrelios. Saw makes an appearance in the third season, two-part episode \"\"Ghost of Geonosis\"\", with Forest Whitaker reprising his role from \"\"Rogue One\"\" in vocal capacity. In the episode, after the Rebellion loses contact with Saw and his squad investigating Geonosis, they decide to send the \"\"Ghost\"\" crew (including Jedi Knight Kanan Jarrus, his Padawan Ezra Bridger, and Captain Rex) to rescue him. Given the continuity error of Saw having a different eye colour in \"\"Rogue One\"\" to his appearance in \"\"The Clone Wars\"\", a mixture of the two was used to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11302805", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Rebels\"\non October 3, 2014, on Disney Channel prior to the premiere of the series on October 13 on Disney XD. The first season consisted of 14 episodes (released as four shorts, a film, \"\"Spark of Rebellion\"\", and 13 regular episodes) and the series features new characters along with ones from the original trilogy. The second season of 20 episodes premiered on June 20, 2015, with a one-hour television film, \"\"The Siege of Lothal\"\". The third season of 19 episodes premiered on September 24, 2016, with another one-hour television film, \"\"Star Wars Rebels: Steps Into Shadow\"\". On April 15, 2017, during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16043179", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\nthe conspiracy to have been his duty. ARC trooper Echo, CT-21-0408, sometimes CT-1409, serves alongside fellow ARC trooper Fives. He first appears in \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" season one episode \"\"Rookies\"\" as a regular trooper. He and his unit are assigned to a remote listening outpost that is invaded by Separatist droids. Though the invasion is successfully repelled, only Echo and Fives survive, and they are reassigned to the 501st Legion. The season three episode \"\"Clone Cadets\"\" depicts Echo and his unit as cadets in training on Kamino. The unit, called Domino squad, is initially unable to work together to pass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770366", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\ncheeks. His armor bears yellow markings, and he wears a brown pauldron on his left shoulder, a kilt-like kama, and binocular attachments on his helmets. He is known as a dependable soldier who greatly values the success of the mission, and he has a \"\"close working relationship\"\" with Aayla and respects her dedication to achieving her objectives. Commander Wolffe, CC-3636, leads the 104th Battalion under the command of Jedi General Plo Koon. He is introduced in \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" season one episode \"\"Rising Malevolence\"\". He is the first officer aboard Plo's flagship \"\"Triumphant\"\" when it is destroyed by General Grievous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "475701", "chunk_text": "\"Ahsoka Tano\"\nknowing Ahsoka's experiences between \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" and \"\"Rebels\"\" at times presented challenges for Eckstein's performance. Filoni avoids giving the actors plot details that might inappropriately affect their performance; for example, he did not tell Eckstein whether Ahsoka survives her duel with Darth Vader lest Eckstein telegraph something in her performance that the character would not know. Ahsoka's design evolved over three years before her introduction in the \"\"Clone Wars\"\" film. Her appearance was inspired by San in \"\"Princess Mononoke\"\". Ahsoka initially appears in what \"\"Wired\"\" called a \"\"tube-top-and-miniskirt costume\"\". In the third season, Ahsoka and other characters received new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2047523", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace\"\na peaceful end to a large-scale interplanetary trade dispute. Joined by Anakin Skywalker—a young slave with unusually strong natural powers of the Force—they simultaneously contend with the mysterious return of the Sith. Lucas began production of this film after he determined that film special effects had advanced to the level he wanted for the fourth film in the saga. Filming started on June 26, 1997, at locations including Leavesden Film Studios and the Tunisian desert. Its visual effects included extensive use of computer-generated imagery (CGI); many of its characters and settings were completely computerized. The film was Lucas' first directorial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770365", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\ninto two parallel stripes and eyebrows dyed to match his hair. His armor bears green markings, and he appears in green camouflage armor in \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\". Commander Bly, CC-5052, serves in the 327th Star Corps under the command of Jedi General Aayla Secura. He first appears in \"\"Episode III: Revenge of the Sith\"\", in which he and his men carry out Order 66 and shoot Aayla in the back, killing her. He later appears in season one of \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" television series alongside Aayla. Bly is distinguished by his close-shaved hair and yellow rectangular tattoos on his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12048718", "chunk_text": "Jedi\n\"\"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith\"\". In \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\", Obi-Wan Kenobi travels via Jedi starfighter to Kamino to investigate the attempted assassination of Padmé Amidala; he also flies a Jedi starfighter to Geonosis in an attempt to track down the bounty hunter Jango Fett. Lacking a hyperdrive, the starfighter relies on an external sled to propel it through hyperspace. Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker (Hayden Christensen) fly updated Jedi starfighters (called Jedi Interceptors) in the opening sequence of \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\". Later, Plo Koon (Matt Sloan) flies an \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\"-era starfighter when he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19684652", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\nfrom the live-action films (although Lee and Jackson did not reprise their roles in the series). Season 1 shows a wide variety of battles and adventures with Grievous and Dooku as the lead antagonists. Many of the episodes are stand-alone, but a common thread throughout the season is that the Republic and the Separatists attempt to convince various planets and races to side with them. In Season 2, the Sith resort to hiring bounty hunters and mercenaries to steal objects and intel or to assassinate targets for them. Meanwhile, the Jedi lead the Republic forces in an assault on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19684651", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\nof the series, beginning March 7, 2014. A project known as \"\"The Clone Wars Legacy\"\" adapted unproduced story arcs into other formats, such as comics and novels. In , Lucasfilm announced at San Diego Comic-Con that the series would be revived with 12 new episodes to be released on Disney+. After viewing some of the completed footage of the early episodes on a big screen, the production team decided to weave the first few planned episodes together to form a . Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, and Samuel L. Jackson reprised their roles as Count Dooku, C-3PO, and Mace Windu, respectively,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13441559", "chunk_text": "\"General Grievous\"\nGrievous loses. Though the Jedi succeed in rescuing Koth, Grievous, helped by his droids, escapes once again. In the third season, Grievous, Asajj Ventress and their armies attack the clone factories on the planet Kamino. During the battle, Grievous clashes with Obi-Wan again. However, their duel ends in stalemate and Grievous flees the planet with Ventress. Later on, Grievous commands a sabotage mission using infiltrator droids on the Galactic Senate, resulting in a deregulation of the banks. During the fourth season, Grievous suffers a humiliating defeat when he attempts to invade Naboo. Jar Jar Binks (posing as Gungan Boss Lyonie)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5093169", "chunk_text": "\"Obi-Wan Kenobi\"\nadversarial relationship with Dark Jedi Asajj Ventress, his romance with Duchess Satine Kryze, and the return of his old enemy Darth Maul. In \"\"Star Wars Rebels\"\", set five years before \"\"A New Hope\"\", Obi-Wan appears as a hologram in the pilot episode \"\"Spark of Rebellion\"\". In the Season 3 episode \"\"Visions and Voices\"\", protagonist Ezra Bridger discovers that Obi-Wan is alive on Tatooine; Obi-Wan's old nemesis Darth Maul finds him as well. In the episode \"\"Twin Suns\"\", Obi-Wan mortally wounds Maul during one final lightsaber duel; with his dying breath, Maul asks Obi-Wan if he is protecting the \"\"Chosen One\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10287803", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nthe Hypori battle, where Obi-Wan sends his team of ARC troopers to Hypori to rescue the Jedi from Grievous. The storyline then jumps ahead two years later; with Grievous having claimed numerous victories for the Separatists, the Republic is in need of more Jedi Knights, and after much consideration, the Jedi Council decides to promote Anakin to a Knight. Anakin has become a strong Jedi Knight and has helped the Republic several times, such as aiding Obi-Wan in capturing a fortress on Bomis Koori IV, saving Saesee Tiin (Carson) from a space battle, and rescuing three Jedi from LM-432 crab", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6577104", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith\"\nweek and went on to earn over $848 million worldwide, making it, at the time, the third-highest-grossing film in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise, unadjusted for inflation. It was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. in 2005 and the second-highest grossing film worldwide. The film also holds the record for the highest opening day gross on a Thursday, making $50 million. Three years after the beginning of the Clone Wars, Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi and Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker lead a mission to rescue the kidnapped Supreme Chancellor Palpatine from the cyborg Separatist commander, General Grievous, during a space battle over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2047522", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace\"\nStar Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space opera written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the first installment in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel trilogy and stars Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd, Ian McDiarmid, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, Pernilla August, and Frank Oz. The film is set 32 years before the original film, and follows Jedi Knight Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi as they protect Queen Amidala in hopes of securing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19250478", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith\"\nroles as Senator Bail Organa, Chewbacca, Sio Bibble, Jar Jar Binks, Boss Nass, Nute Gunray and Ki-Adi-Mundi, respectively from the previous films. Joel Edgerton and Bonnie Piesse also reprise their roles as Owen Lars and Beru Lars, respectively from \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\". Sound engineer Matthew Wood provides the voice of General Grievous, the fearsome cyborg commander of the Separatists' droid army; Temuera Morrison portrays the Clone Troopers and Commander Cody, who are clones of the bounty hunter, Jango Fett; Bruce Spence portrays Tion Medon, local administrator of Utapau; Jeremy Bulloch, who played Boba Fett in \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770362", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\nfatally wounded by an Imperial technician. Gregor's commando armor bears yellow markings and an off-white camouflage pattern, and his helmet is adorned with hash-marks modeled after those on Gerry Cheevers' hockey mask. Commander Cody, CC-2224, leads the 212th Attack Battalion under the command of Jedi General Obi-Wan Kenobi. He first appears in \"\"\"\" during the Battle of Utapau, aiding Obi-Wan against General Grievous on the planet Utapau. He is the first clone trooper to receive Order 66 on-screen, and he obediently commands his troopers to shoot down Obi-Wan and to locate his body to confirm the kill. Cody later appears", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19250468", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith\"\nwith additional locations in Thailand, Switzerland, China, Italy and the United Kingdom. \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" premiered on May 15, 2005, at the Cannes Film Festival, then released worldwide on May 19, 2005. The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, especially in contrast to the mixed reviews of the previous two prequels: praise was directed towards its action sequences, mature themes, musical score, visual effects, and the performances of McGregor, McDiarmid, Oz, and Jimmy Smits; criticism was aimed at the film's screenplay, inconsistent tone, and Christensen's performance. \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" broke several box office records during its opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18736829", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Resistance\"\nStar Wars Resistance Star Wars Resistance is an American animated television series inspired by Japanese anime and produced by Lucasfilm Animation. The series premiered on Disney Channel on October 7, 2018, and later debuted on Disney XD in the United States and worldwide. Twelve shorts debuted on the Disney Channel YouTube channel in December of 2018. The series is set three decades after the events of \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\", in the era of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" sequel trilogy, and follows a pilot who is recruited by the Resistance to spy on the growing threat of the First Order. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6576162", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)\"\nStar Wars: The Clone Wars (film) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a 2008 American 3D animated science fiction action-adventure film set within the \"\"Star Wars\"\" universe, leading into a produced by Lucasfilm Animation. The film is set during the three-year time period between the films \"\"\"\" (2002) and \"\"\"\" (2005), and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, who also holds the home media distribution rights to this film, even after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012. The film premiered on August 10, 2008 at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, while screening in wide-release on August 14, 2008 across Australia, and August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19250467", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith\"\nKnights are spread across the galaxy, leading a massive war against the Separatists. The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous, the leader of the Separatist Army. Meanwhile, Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine, the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and, secretly, a Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious. Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order, the Republic, and Anakin's best interest. Lucas began writing the script before production of \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\" ended. Production of \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" started in September 2003, and filming took place in Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770364", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\nthough this did not prevent Cody from attempting to kill Kenobi as part of Order 66. Cody is also friends with Captain Rex, having completed many missions together. Commander Gree, CC-1004, leads the 41st Elite Corps under the command of Jedi General Luminara Unduli. He first appears in \"\"Episode III: Revenge of the Sith\"\" aiding Jedi General Yoda on Kashyyyk. He attempts to carry out Order 66, but he is decapitated by Yoda. He later appears in the first and second seasons of \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" television series serving under Luminara. Gree is distinguished by his dyed red hair shaved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19600419", "chunk_text": "\"Clone Wars (Star Wars)\"\nWindu because he needs Palpatine's knowledge to save Padmé. After Palpatine murders Windu, he dubs Anakin his new apprentice Darth Vader. Palpatine orders the clone army to execute Order 66, and clones kill their Jedi generals across the galaxy. Palpatine then dispatches Vader to kill the Separatist leaders on Mustafar and to issue a \"\"shutdown command\"\" to their droid army. With their demise, Palpatine declares an end to the Clone Wars and the Republic's reformation into the Galactic Empire. The series (2003–2005) depicts several Clone Wars battles and was meant to generate interest in \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\". It also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20910985", "chunk_text": "\"Kanan Jarrus\"\nappeared in a short film, \"\"The Machine in the Ghost\"\", and then in \"\"Spark of Rebellion\"\", the two-part pilot episode of \"\"Star Wars Rebels\"\". Kanan leads the crew of the \"\"Ghost\"\", a rebel starship. Although he never finished his own Jedi training, Kanan sees great potential in young Ezra Bridger of Lothal. He decides to train Ezra as his own Padawan. In \"\"The Siege of Lothal\"\", the two-part premiere of season 2, Kanan survives an encounter with Darth Vader, while in \"\"The Lost Commanders\"\", Kanan initially finds it difficult to trust the clone trooper Captain Rex, because clones had murdered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6576163", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)\"\n15 in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" served as an introduction to the television series of the same name, which debuted on October 3, 2008. Though critical reception was negative, the film was a box office success, and grossed $68.3 million worldwide against an $8.5 million budget. It is the only theatrical \"\"Star Wars\"\" film not to be distributed by either 20th Century Fox (soon to be owned by Disney) or Walt Disney Studios. During the Clone Wars, Jedi Knights Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi lead a small Republic clone army against the Separatist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20474320", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nof 10 episodes, lasting 3 minutes each. Along with season 1, it was released on DVD as \"\"Volume One\"\". The third and final season consisted of 5 episodes, lasting 12 minutes each. These episodes were released on DVD as \"\"Volume Two\"\". In 2009, \"\"Clone Wars\"\" was ranked 21 on IGN's \"\"Top 100 Animated Series\"\" list. Both volumes were distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series) Star Wars: Clone Wars is an American animated television micro-series adapted, directed, produced and co-written by Genndy Tartakovsky, set in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" universe. Produced and released between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6901093", "chunk_text": "\"Clone Wars Adventures\"\n\"\"Clone Wars Adventures\"\" was set in the Jedi Temple on Coruscant set between Episodes II and III of Star Wars. Here players can interact with popular Clone Wars characters like Anakin Skywalker, Mace Windu, Yoda, and Obi-Wan Kenobi, and play more than 20 different mini-games including Lightsaber Duel, Republic Defender, a tower defense game, and Speeder Bike Racing. Other mini-games are campaign based on Seasons 3, 4, and 5 from Star Wars the Clone Wars. Players can challenge each other in multi-player games to win Credits. Even though the game is based on the Jedi temple, players can travel to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19224287", "chunk_text": "\"Padmé Amidala\"\ncondemned to death in a Geonosian coliseum by Separatist leader and Sith Lord Count Dooku. They declare their love to each other, and are saved at the last minute by Jedi Masters Mace Windu and Yoda leading an army of Jedi and clone troopers, thus marking the opening salvo of the Clone Wars. Afterwards, Padmé and Anakin are married in a secret ceremony on Naboo witnessed by the droids R2-D2 and C-3PO. Padmé Amidala makes her third film appearance in \"\"\"\", which is set three years later. After Anakin returns from rescuing Palpatine, she informs him that she is pregnant.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1487481", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)\"\nthe earliest stages of production. Both were fully voiced by the cast. In September 2014, four unfinished episodes were released on Star Wars' official website. The four episodes released were titled: \"\"A Death On Utapau\"\", \"\"In Search Of The Crystal\"\", \"\"Crystal Crisis\"\" and \"\"The Big Bang\"\". The arc took place on Utapau with Obi-Wan and Anakin investigating an arms deal involving the Separatists and a Kyber crystal. The arc also dealt with Anakin's feelings after the departure of Ahsoka. It was also included in the season 6 Blu-ray. The unfinished animatics for \"\"Bad Batch\"\", a four-episode arc, were screened at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5828968", "chunk_text": "\"Asajj Ventress\"\ninitially gains the upper hand in the ensuing lightsaber duel, Anakin calls upon his immense connection to the Force and brutally overpowers her, causing her to fall over the edge of a cliff. Ventress appears in \"\"The Clone Wars\"\" film as a disciple of Count Dooku who helps him kidnap Jabba the Hutt's son Rotta. Ventress fights Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker and apprentice Ahsoka Tano, and later battles Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi. The latter defeats her, and she is forced to flee. Ventress is a lead character in all five broadcast seasons of \"\"The Clone Wars\"\". In season one, Ventress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19451632", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Moff Tarkin\"\nto the Mustafar system aboard Tarkin's Star Destroyer. During Kanan's rescue by Rebel forces, Tarkin's Star Destroyer is destroyed, and the Inquisitor is killed. On Lothal, Tarkin introduces Agent Kallus to Darth Vader. Taking the loss of his personal Star Destroyer personally, Tarkin orders that Maketh Tua be brought before him for her failure to find the Lothal rebels. Knowing the true meaning behind the summoning after the deaths of Aresko and Grint, Tua attempts to defect, but she is killed before she can leave Lothal. Tarkin later appears in the season three premiere where he meets with Governor Pryce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9198619", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Rebels\"\n\"\"Star Wars\"\" Celebration, it was announced the fourth season would be its last: it premiered on October 16, 2017, with another one-hour television film, \"\"Heroes of Mandalore\"\", and its final episode aired on March 5, 2018. Dave Filoni, Simon Kinberg and Greg Weisman served as executive producers of season one. Weisman left the show after season one. Filoni was also the Supervising Director for the first two seasons, a role he relinquished after accepting a promotion that expanded his creative role into overseeing all Lucasfilm Animation projects; he chose Justin Ridge to succeed him for season three. The series has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10287807", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\ngeneral makes a desperate escape with Palpatine. The series was produced by Genndy Tartakovsky, creator of \"\"Dexter's Laboratory\"\" and \"\"Samurai Jack\"\", and employs a similar animation style to Tartakovsky's \"\"Samurai Jack\"\". Tartakovsky revealed in his Hyperspace commentary tracks on the official \"\"Star Wars\"\" website and on the \"\"Volume I\"\" DVD that he purposely animated C-3PO with moveable expressive eyes to pay homage to the animators of and the animation style of Nelvana, the production company behind the animated segment from \"\"Star Wars Holiday Special\"\" and the 1980s \"\"\"\" cartoon series. George Lucas, who inspired the \"\"Clone Wars\"\" television series and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_797	what part of brain is responsible for complex thinking?	n/a	[ "the frontal lobe" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895765", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\ninput from the sensory areas and lower parts of the brain and are involved in the complex cognitive processes of perception, thought, and decision-making. The main functions of the frontal lobe are to control attention, abstract thinking, behaviour, problem solving tasks, and physical reactions and personality. The occipital lobe is the smallest lobe; its main functions are visual reception, visual-spatial processing, movement, and colour recognition. There is a smaller occipital lobule in the lobe known as the cuneus. The temporal lobe controls auditory and visual memories, language, and some hearing and speech. The cerebrum contains the ventricles where the cerebrospinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895753", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\ncerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8059575", "chunk_text": "Neocortex\nNeocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further subdivided into the true isocortex and the proisocortex. In the human brain, the neocortex is the largest part of the cerebral cortex which is the outer layer of the cerebrum, with the allocortex making up the rest. The neocortex is made up of six layers, labelled from the outermost inwards, I to VI. Of all the mammals studied to date (including humans),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5770611", "chunk_text": "\"Chemoreceptor trigger zone\"\nis located, and therefore also the area postrema and the CTZ. Then later lifeforms developed another segment of the brain, which includes the limbic system. This area of the brain is responsible for producing emotion and emotional responses to external stimuli, and also is significantly involved in memory and reward systems. Evolutionarily, the cerebral cortex is the most recent development. This area of the brain is responsible for critical thinking and reasoning, and is actively involved in decision making. It has been discovered that a major cause of increased intelligence in species including humans is the increase in cortical neurons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13847349", "chunk_text": "Brain\nBrain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11937", "chunk_text": "Brain\nthe tanning of their own hides. Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895752", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nHuman brain The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8057555", "chunk_text": "Cerebrum\nconsidered a cortex. Note: As the cerebrum is a gross division with many subdivisions and sub-regions, it is important to state that this section lists the functions that the cerebrum \"\"as a whole\"\" serves. See main articles on cerebral cortex and basal ganglia for more information. The cerebrum is a major part of the brain, controlling emotions, hearing, vision, personality and much more. It controls all voluntary actions. The cerebrum directs the conscious or volitional motor functions of the body. These functions originate within the primary motor cortex and other frontal lobe motor areas where actions are planned. Upper motor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8057551", "chunk_text": "Cerebrum\ncerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the body. The Latin word cerebrum comes . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Depending upon the position of the animal it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of grey matter), and the underlying regions of white matter. Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb. The cerebrum consists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11367328", "chunk_text": "Amygdala\nAmygdala The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae; also \"\"corpus amygdaloideum\"\"; Latin from Greek, , \"\"\"\", 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making and emotional responses (including fear, anxiety, and aggression), the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system. The regions described as amygdala nuclei encompass several structures with distinct connectional and functional characteristics in humans and other animals. Among these nuclei are the basolateral complex, the cortical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10880618", "chunk_text": "\"Frontal lobe\"\ninto three parts – the orbital part, the triangular part, and the opercular part. The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine neurons in the cerebral cortex. The dopaminergic pathways are associated with reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and motivation. Dopamine tends to limit and select sensory information arriving from the thalamus to the forebrain. On the lateral surface of the human brain, the central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. The lateral sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. The frontal lobe can be divided into a lateral, polar, orbital (above the orbit;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8059588", "chunk_text": "Neocortex\nvariables such as group size and the complexity of social mating behaviors. (See Dunbar's number) Humans have a large neocortex as a percentage of total brain matter when compared with other mammals. For example, there is only a 30:1 ratio of neocortical gray matter to the size of the medulla in the brainstem of chimpanzees, while the ratio is 60:1 in humans. Neocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12044735", "chunk_text": "\"Prefrontal cortex\"\nPrefrontal cortex In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe. The PFC contains the Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA11, BA12, BA13, BA14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44, BA45, BA46, and BA47. Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's will to live, personality, and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16100122", "chunk_text": "Putamen\nPutamen The putamen ( meaning: \"\"nutshell\"\") is a round structure located at the base of the forebrain (telencephalon). The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that composes the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus, the claustrum, and the thalamus, in addition to many regions of the cerebral cortex. A primary function of the putamen is to regulate movements at various stages (e.g. preparation and execution) and influence various types of learning. It employs GABA, acetylcholine, and enkephalin to perform its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895808", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nmemory, the ability to think about multiple concepts simultaneously and switch tasks with cognitive flexibility, the ability to inhibit impulses and prepotent responses with inhibitory control, and the ability to determine the relevance of information or appropriateness of an action. Higher order executive functions require the simultaneous use of multiple basic executive functions, and include planning and fluid intelligence (i.e., reasoning and problem solving). The prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in mediating executive functions. Planning involves activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, angular prefrontal cortex, right prefrontal cortex, and supramarginal gyrus. Working memory manipulation involves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18714968", "chunk_text": "Midbrain\nMidbrain The midbrain or mesencephalon (, ; from Greek \"\"mesos\"\" 'middle', and \"\"enkephalos\"\" 'brain') is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation. The principle regions of the midbrain are the tectum, the cerebral aqueduct, tegmentum, and the basis pedunculi. Rostrally the midbrain adjoins the diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, etc.), while Caudally it adjoins the metencephalon (hindbrain) (pons and cerebellum). In the rostral direction, the midbrain noticably splays laterally. Sectioning of the midbrain is usually performed axially, at one of two levels - that of the superior colliculi, or that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20687303", "chunk_text": "\"Basal ganglia\"\nBasal ganglia The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates, including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain and top of the midbrain. There are some differences in the basal ganglia of primates. Basal ganglia are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion. The main components of the basal ganglia –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10332874", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the brain\"\nchange is called the cerebrum, or neocortex. In reptiles and fish, this area is called the pallium, and is smaller and simpler relative to body mass than what is found in mammals. According to research, the cerebrum first developed about 200 million years ago. It's responsible for higher cognitive functions - for example, language, thinking, and related forms of information processing. It's also responsible for processing sensory input (together with the thalamus, a part of the limbic system that acts as an information router). Most of its function is subconscious, that is, not available for inspection or intervention by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16522538", "chunk_text": "Brainstem\nthe main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brainstem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation, and proprioception), and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch). The brainstem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the central nervous system, and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. The brainstem has many basic functions including heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating. The midbrain is divided into three parts: tectum, tegmentum, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17293544", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nand lateral prefrontal cortex, appeared to be involved in generating the emotions, while weaker evidence was found for the ventral tegmental area, ventral pallidum and nucleus accumbens in incentive salience. Others, however, have found evidence of activation of specific regions, such as the basal ganglia in happiness, the subcallosal cingulate cortex in sadness, and amygdala in fear. The brain is responsible for cognition, which functions through numerous processes and executive functions. Executive functions include the ability to filter information and tune out irrelevant stimuli with attentional control and cognitive inhibition, the ability to process and manipulate information held in working", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1562217", "chunk_text": "\"Neomammalian brain\"\nTheory, it in fact holds three. These three separate brains work interdependently, interconnected by nerves, each of which operate differently with different capacities. The Reptilian Brain was referred to by MacLean as the ‘R Complex’ or the primitive brain. This is the oldest brain in the Triune Theory and anatomically is made up of the brain stem and the cerebellum. In reptiles, both the brain stem and cerebellum dominate and are the control centres for basic function. It has been found that these two parts of the brain are responsible for emotions such as paranoia, obsession and compulsion. Further, being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4344919", "chunk_text": "\"Cerebral cortex\"\nCerebral cortex The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain, in humans and other mammals. It is separated into two cortices, by the longitudinal fissure that divides the cerebrum into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The two hemispheres are joined beneath the cortex by the corpus callosum. The cerebral cortex is the largest site of neural integration in the central nervous system. It plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, providing a greater surface area in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4678917", "chunk_text": "\"Central nervous system\"\ncapabilities of the brain. Connecting each of the hemispheres is the corpus callosum as well as several additional commissures. One of the most important parts of the cerebral hemispheres is the cortex, made up of gray matter covering the surface of the brain. Functionally, the cerebral cortex is involved in planning and carrying out of everyday tasks. The hippocampus is involved in storage of memories, the amygdala plays a role in perception and communication of emotion, while the basal ganglia play a major role in the coordination of voluntary movement. This differentiates the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18714982", "chunk_text": "Midbrain\nis shared with the most ancient of vertebrates. Dopamine produced in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area plays a role in movement, movement planning, excitation, motivation and habituation of species from humans to the most elementary animals such as insects. Laboratory house mice from lines that have been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running have enlarged midbrains. The midbrain helps to relay information for vision and hearing. Midbrain The midbrain or mesencephalon (, ; from Greek \"\"mesos\"\" 'middle', and \"\"enkephalos\"\" 'brain') is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17293594", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nprimates. Human brain The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4678916", "chunk_text": "\"Central nervous system\"\nsuch as hunger, thirst and maternal bonding. This is regulated partly through control of secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. Additionally the hypothalamus plays a role in motivation and many other behaviors of the individual. The cerebrum of cerebral hemispheres make up the largest visual portion of the human brain. Various structures combine to form the cerebral hemispheres, among others: the cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala and hippocampus. The hemispheres together control a large portion of the functions of the human brain such as emotion, memory, perception and motor functions. Apart from this the cerebral hemispheres stand for the cognitive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073090", "chunk_text": "\"Executive functions\"\nassociated with the particular regions of the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, in their review, Alvarez and Emory state that: \"\"The frontal lobes have multiple connections to cortical, subcortical and brain stem sites. The basis of 'higher-level' cognitive functions such as inhibition, flexibility of thinking, problem solving, planning, impulse control, concept formation, abstract thinking, and creativity often arise from much simpler, 'lower-level' forms of cognition and behavior. Thus, the concept of executive function must be broad enough to include anatomical structures that represent a diverse and diffuse portion of the central nervous system.\"\" The cerebellum also appears to be involved in mediating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13959680", "chunk_text": "Mind\nis an evolutionary model of cultural information transfer. A meme, analogous to a gene, is an idea, belief, pattern of behaviour (etc.) \"\"hosted\"\" in one or more individual minds, and can reproduce itself from mind to mind. Thus what would otherwise be regarded as one individual influencing another to adopt a belief, is seen memetically as a meme reproducing itself. In animals, the brain, or \"\"encephalon\"\" (Greek for \"\"in the head\"\"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for thought. In most animals, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6448301", "chunk_text": "Imagination\nforms require information to be taught in a specific manner so as to use various regions of the brain when being processed. This information can potentially help develop programs for young students to cultivate or further enhance their creative abilities from a young age. The neocortex and thalamus are responsible for controlling the brain's imagination, along with many of the brain's other functions such as consciousness and abstract thought. Since imagination involves many different brain functions, such as emotions, memory, thoughts, etc., portions of the brain where multiple functions occur—such as the thalamus and neocortex—are the main regions where imaginative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7215576", "chunk_text": "\"Lobes of the brain\"\nis separated from parietal lobe by a space between tissues called the central sulcus, and from the temporal lobe by a deep fold called the lateral sulcus also called the Sylvian fissure. The precentral gyrus, forming the posterior border of the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary movements of specific body parts. The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine-delicate neurons in the cerebral cortex. The dopamine system is associated with reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and motivation. Dopamine tends to limit and select sensory information arriving from the thalamus to the forebrain. A report", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18390042", "chunk_text": "Forebrain\nForebrain In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The forebrain (prosencephalon), the midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development of the central nervous system. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions. At the five-vesicle stage, the forebrain separates into the diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and pretectum) and the telencephalon which develops into the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex, underlying white matter, and the basal ganglia. By 5 weeks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19672227", "chunk_text": "Thalamus\nThalamus The thalamus (from Greek , \"\"chamber\"\") is a large mass of gray matter in the dorsal part of the diencephalon of the brain with several functions such as relaying of sensory signals, including motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness. It is a midline symmetrical structure of two halves, within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It is the main product of the embryonic diencephalon, as first assigned by Wilhelm His Sr. in 1893. The thalamus is a paired structure of gray matter located in the forebrain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895769", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nthe cranial cavity, lying beneath the occipital lobes, and is separated from these by the cerebellar tentorium, a sheet of fibre. It is connected to the midbrain of the brainstem by the superior cerebellar peduncles, to the pons by the middle cerebellar peduncles, and to the medulla by the inferior cerebellar peduncles. The cerebellum consists of an inner medulla of white matter and an outer cortex of richly folded grey matter. The cerebellum's anterior and posterior lobes appear to play a role in the coordination and smoothing of complex motor movements, and the flocculonodular lobe in the maintenance of balance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8057550", "chunk_text": "Cerebrum\nCerebrum The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The prosencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres. With the assistance of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10652937", "chunk_text": "Putamen\nare indeed observed in mammals, and have been documented for white matter putaminal connectivity. Variation is primarily related to structural connectivity patterns, while somatotopic organization principles are retained. Primate research since the 1980s through to the present has established that cortical regions relation to higher-order cognition primarily send afferent neurons to the rostal-most portion of the putamen, while the remainder of this structure in primates primarily serves sensori-motor functions and is densely interconnected with primary and supplementary motor regions. Putamen The putamen ( meaning: \"\"nutshell\"\") is a round structure located at the base of the forebrain (telencephalon). The putamen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17731740", "chunk_text": "\"Neuroanatomy of memory\"\ncerebral hemisphere and positioned anterior to the parietal lobes. It is separated from the parietal lobe by the primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary movements of specific body parts associated with the precentral gyrus. The cortex here serves our ability to plan the day, organize work, type a letter, pay attention to details and control the movements of your arms and legs. It also contributed to your personality and behaviour. When considering the frontal lobes in regards to memory, we see that it is very important in the coordination of information. Therefore, the frontal lobes are important in working memory.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4657883", "chunk_text": "Coma\nof these components is sufficient to cause a patient to experience a coma. The cerebral cortex is a group of tight, dense, \"\"gray matter\"\" composed of the nuclei of the neurons whose axons then form the \"\"white matter,\"\" and is responsible for perception, relay of the sensory input via the thalamic pathway, and many other neurological functions, including complex thinking. RAS, on the other hand, is a more primitive structure in the brainstem which includes the reticular formation (RF). The RAS area of the brain has two tracts, the ascending and descending tract. Made up of a system of acetylcholine-producing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16976819", "chunk_text": "Split-brain\nseparate functions. The right hemisphere of the cortex excels at nonverbal and spatial tasks, whereas the left hemisphere is more dominant in verbal tasks, such as speaking and writing. The right hemisphere controls the primary sensory functions of the left side of the body. In a cognitive sense the right hemisphere is responsible for recognition of objects and timing, and in an emotional sense it is responsible for empathy, humour and depression. On the other hand, the left hemisphere controls the primary sensory functions of the right side of the body and is responsible for scientific and maths skills, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11367367", "chunk_text": "Amygdala\ngreater conservatism was associated with increased volume of the right amygdala.\"\" These findings suggest that the volume of the amygdala and anterior cingulate gyrus may be associated with an individual's ability to tolerate uncertainty and conflict. Amygdala The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae; also \"\"corpus amygdaloideum\"\"; Latin from Greek, , \"\"\"\", 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making and emotional responses (including fear, anxiety, and aggression), the amygdalae", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12216003", "chunk_text": "\"Cingulate cortex\"\nCingulate cortex The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex. The cingulate cortex includes the entire cingulate gyrus, which lies immediately above the corpus callosum, and the continuation of this in the cingulate sulcus. The cingulate cortex is usually considered part of the limbic lobe. It receives inputs from the thalamus and the neocortex, and projects to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum. It is an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory. The combination of these three functions makes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16522537", "chunk_text": "Brainstem\nBrainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, and the pons and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. Sometimes the diencephalon, the caudal part of the forebrain, is included. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17308903", "chunk_text": "\"Albert Einstein's brain\"\nthe operculum called Broca's area plays an important role in speech production. To compensate, the inferior parietal lobe was 15 percent wider than normal. The inferior parietal region is responsible for mathematical thought, visuospatial cognition, and imagery of movement. Dr. Dahlia Zaidel of the University of California, Los Angeles, examined two slices of Albert Einstein's brain containing the hippocampus in 2001. The hippocampus is a subcortical brain structure that plays an important role in learning and memory. The neurons on the left side of the hippocampus were found to be significantly larger than those on the right, and when compared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10651375", "chunk_text": "Putamen\noutermost portion of the basal ganglia. These are a group of nuclei in the brain that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem. Basal ganglia include the dorsal striatum, substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens, and the subthalamic nucleus. In mammals, the basal ganglia are associated with motor control, cognition, emotions, learning, and domain-general functions important for executive functioning as well as support for domain-specific languages. The basal ganglia are located bilaterally, and have rostral and caudal divisions. The putamen is located in the rostral division as part of the striatum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4189306", "chunk_text": "Lobotomy\nof the brain might yield significant personality changes in the mentally ill. As the frontal lobes had been the object of scientific inquiry and speculation since the late 19th century, Fulton's contribution, while it may have functioned as source of intellectual support, is of itself unnecessary and inadequate as an explanation of Moniz's resolution to operate on this section of the brain. Under an evolutionary and hierarchical model of brain development it had been hypothesized that those regions associated with more recent development, such as the mammalian brain and, most especially, the frontal lobes, were responsible for more complex cognitive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17293494", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nvariation. Neurological differences between the sexes have not been shown to correlate in any simple way with IQ or other measures of cognitive performance. The cerebrum, consisting of the cerebral hemispheres, forms the largest part of the brain and is situated above the other brain structures. The outer region of the hemispheres, the cerebral cortex, is grey matter, consisting of cortical layers of neurons. Each hemisphere is divided into four main lobes, although Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017) also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe. The brainstem, resembling a stalk, attaches to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10332871", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of the brain\"\nto as the limbic system. The limbic system deals with more complex functions including emotional, sexual and fighting behaviors. Of course, animals that are not vertebrates also have brains, and their brains have undergone separate evolutionary histories. The brainstem and limbic system are largely based on nuclei, which are essentially balled-up clusters of tightly-packed neurons and the axon fibers that connect them to each other, as well as to neurons in other locations. The other two major brain areas (the cerebrum and cerebellum) are based on a cortical architecture. At the outer periphery of the cortex, the neurons are arranged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7215575", "chunk_text": "\"Lobes of the brain\"\nLobes of the brain The lobes of the brain were originally a purely anatomical classification, but have been shown also to be related to different brain functions. The cerebrum, the largest portion of the human brain, is divided into lobes, but so is the cerebellum. If not specified, the expression \"\"lobes of the brain\"\" refers to the cerebrum. Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017) divides cerebrum into 6 lobes. The frontal lobe is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobe. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18428201", "chunk_text": "\"Cingulum (brain)\"\nencircling the entire brain. There are two primary parts of the cingulate cortex: the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. The anterior is linked to emotion, especially apathy and depression. Here function and structure changes are related meaning any change within this structure would lead to a function change, particularly behavioral because of its function involving emotions. Damage to this area can have various effects on mental disorders and mental health. The posterior section is more related to cognitive functions. This can include attention, visual and spatial skills, working memory and general memory. Because of its location, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16102553", "chunk_text": "Personality\nindividual's misunderstanding of the nature of thinking. The biological basis of personality is the theory that anatomical structures located in the brain contribute to personality traits. This stems from neuropsychology, which studies how the structure of the brain relates to various psychological processes and behaviors. For instance, in human beings, the frontal lobes are responsible for foresight and anticipation, and the occipital lobes are responsible for processing visual information. In addition, certain physiological functions such as hormone secretion also affect personality. For example, the hormone testosterone is important for sociability, affectivity, aggressiveness, and sexuality. Additionally, studies show that the expression", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895761", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nis the outermost membrane of the cortex. The living brain is very soft, having a gel-like consistency similar to soft tofu. The cortical layers of neurons constitute much of the brain's grey matter, while the deeper subcortical regions of myelinated axons, make up the white matter. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, and is divided into nearly symmetrical left and right hemispheres by a deep groove, the longitudinal fissure. The outer part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, made up of grey matter arranged in layers. It is thick, and deeply folded to give a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_798	who won the champions league final in 2016?	n/a	[ "Real Madrid" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050648", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\n2016 UEFA Champions League Final The 2016 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy, on 28 May 2016, between Spanish teams Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, in a repeat of the 2014 final. It was the second time in the tournament's history that both finalists were from the same city. Real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145762", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\n2017 UEFA Champions League Final The 2017 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, the 62nd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 25th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales on 3 June 2017, between Italian side Juventus and Spanish side and title holders Real Madrid, in a repeat of the 1998 final. Real Madrid won the match 4–1 to secure their 12th title in this competition. With", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7496820", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nBelgian to score in a Champions League final. Real Madrid coach Zidane became the first French coach to win the Champions League and the seventh person to win the Champions League as a player and as a coach. Muñoz, the first person to achieve the feat, had also done so by winning the title with Real Madrid as a player (in 1956 and 1957) and as a coach (in 1960 and 1966). During the match, fans at an Iraqi Real Madrid fan club were attacked for the second time, bringing the combined death toll to at least 29. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4741916", "chunk_text": "\"European Cup and UEFA Champions League history\"\nBarcelona won their fifth title, defeating Juventus by three goals to one in the final. In 2016, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid both reached the final again. This game was a rematch of the 2014 final, and became the third all-Spanish final and the second same-city final in the tournament's history. The match went to penalties after the score finished at 1–1 at the end of extra time. Real Madrid went on to win their 11th title after beating Atlético 5–3 on penalties, with Cristiano Ronaldo scoring the winning penalty for \"\"Los Blancos\"\". The victory in the Champions League Final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15062482", "chunk_text": "\"2015 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nby winning a fifth title in the Champions League era in the 2016 final. On the other hand, Juventus became the first team to lose six finals: they previously shared the record with Benfica and Bayern Munich. Patrice Evra became the first player to play in four losing UEFA Champions League finals, having previously been a runner-up in 2004 (with Monaco), 2009 and 2011 (both with Manchester United). Neymar's goal meant that three players shared the title of top scorer in the competition, alongside Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. He became the first player since Kaká in 2006–07 to be top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050661", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nfrom Pepe. Real Madrid goalkeeper Keylor Navas was shown a yellow card for delaying the kick. Griezmann took the penalty but his shot missed the goal, with the ball ricocheting off the crossbar. Substitute Yannick Carrasco latched onto a cross by Juanfran from the right to equalise from close range for Atlético in the 79th minute. The scoreline remained the same at the end of 90 minutes to send the match into extra time. After a goalless extra 30 minutes, the game was settled by a penalty shoot-out. Juanfran missed Atlético's fourth penalty, hitting the post, thus allowing Cristiano Ronaldo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20574830", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nheadquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending twelfth title in the European Cup/Champions League and became the first club to win back-to-back titles in the Champions League era. This was the club's third title win in four seasons; a feat that has only occurred thrice before – Real Madrid (1956–60), Ajax (1971–73) and Bayern Munich (1974–76). Real Madrid has not lost a final in the Champions League era, with their last defeat occurring in 1981. The victory also saw Madrid secure their first League – European Cup double since the 1957–58 season. Madrid's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050660", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\ncleared off the line by goalkeeper Jan Oblak. Five minutes later, Dani Carvajal received the first yellow card of the match after a late tackle on Antoine Griezmann. In the 15th minute, Toni Kroos sent a free-kick into Atlético's penalty box, which was flicked on by Bale. In the subsequent scramble, Sergio Ramos touched the ball past Oblak to score for Real. The goal stood despite video evidence subsequently showing Ramos was in an offside position, meaning the goal should have been disallowed. In the 46th minute, Fernando Torres won a penalty kick for Atlético after a foul from behind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7496819", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nin their first three final appearances. Juventus and Barcelona had lost during their first two appearances in the final, but won on their third attempts in 1985 and 1992 respectively. Atlético's three losses in European Cup finals ranks them level with Barcelona, and behind only Juventus (six losses), Bayern Munich and Benfica (five losses each). Ramos, who scored the opening goal of the match, became the fifth player to score in two Champions League finals. He had not scored in the competition since scoring the equaliser against Atlético Madrid in the 2014 final. Carrasco's second-half equaliser made him the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050659", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nin Reggio Emilia. The annual UEFA Champions Festival was held between 26–29 May 2016 at Milan's Piazza del Duomo. English referee Mark Clattenburg was announced as the final referee by UEFA on 10 May 2016. The goal-line technology system Hawk-Eye was used for the match. This was the first UEFA Champions League final to employ goal-line technology, following approval by the UEFA Executive Committee in January 2016. Real Madrid dominated possession in the early stages of the match. Six minutes into the game Gareth Bale delivered a free-kick into Atlético Madrid's penalty box, which found Casemiro. His goalbound shot was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13337219", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 UEFA Champions League\"\n2016–17 UEFA Champions League The 2016–17 UEFA Champions League was the 62nd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 25th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The final was played between Juventus and Real Madrid at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. It was the second time that the two teams faced each other in the competition's decisive match, having previously met in the 1998 final. Real Madrid, the defending champions, beat Juventus 4–1 to win a record-extending 12th title. With this victory, Real Madrid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136425", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\n2018 UEFA Champions League Final The 2018 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, the 63rd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine on 26 May 2018, between Spanish side and defending champions Real Madrid, who had won the competition in each of the last two seasons, and English side Liverpool. Real Madrid won the final 3–1 for their third consecutive and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050653", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nlost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 18th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Their manager, Zinedine Zidane, who scored the winning goal for Real Madrid in the 2002 final, was aiming to become the seventh man to win the Champions League as both player and manager, joining Miguel Muñoz, Giovanni Trapattoni, Johan Cruyff, Carlo Ancelotti, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola. The team had had a disastrous first half of the season, being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20719521", "chunk_text": "\"Zinedine Zidane\"\nthe 2016 UEFA Champions League final by beating Manchester City 1–0 on aggregate. In La Liga, Real Madrid finished runners up, just one point behind Barcelona. In the Champions League final on 28 May, Real Madrid defeated fellow Madrid club Atlético Madrid in a penalty shootout to grab the 11th European Cup (\"\"La Undécima\"\") in club history. Zidane became the seventh man to win the European Cup (now UEFA Champions League) as both a player and a manager, the second man (after Miguel Muñoz) to win the trophy with Real Madrid as both a player and a manager, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050654", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nleft out of contention to win La Liga, sacking Rafael Benitez in January and leaving the Champions League to save their season from being trophy-less. Atlético Madrid reached their third European Cup final after defeating Bayern Munich on away goals (2–2 on aggregate). Their previous two European Cup finals in 1974 and 2014 both ended in defeats, to Bayern Munich and Real Madrid respectively. Atlético Madrid had also played in three Cup Winners' Cup finals (winning in 1962, and losing in 1963 and 1986) and two Europa League finals (winning in 2010 and 2012), with their most recent Europa League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050649", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nMadrid won 5–3 on a penalty shoot-out after a 1–1 draw at the end of extra time, securing a record-extending 11th title in the competition. Real Madrid earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, Sevilla, in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup. They also qualified to enter the semi-finals of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup as the UEFA representative. The San Siro, officially known as Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, was announced as the venue of the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon, Switzerland, on 18 September 2014, the fourth European Cup/Champions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145770", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nLeague titles, having won the 2016–17 La Liga on 21 May, the final day of the season. \"\"Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).\"\" The ambassador for the final was former Wales international Ian Rush, who won the European Cup with Liverpool in 1984, and also played for Juventus from 1987 to 1988. UEFA unveiled the brand identity of the final on 25 August 2016 in Monaco during the group stage draw. With a stadium capacity of 66,000 for the final, a total amount of 41,500 tickets were available to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050652", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nThe all-Madrid final also guaranteed the city of Madrid becoming the most successful city in the European Cup with 11 wins and 17 final appearances, and also in all UEFA club competitions with 16 wins, overtaking the city of Milan with 10 wins and 16 final appearances in the European Cup and 15 wins in all UEFA club competitions. Real Madrid reached a record 14th final after a 1–0 aggregate win against Manchester City, with a chance to win a record 11th title. Previously, they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2014, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050662", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nto seal Real Madrid's 11th Champions League title. The \"\"home\"\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 15 April 2016 at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The match was the eleventh European Cup/Champions League final to be decided by penalty shoot-out. With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending eleventh European Cup/Champions League title. This was Real Madrid's 14th appearance in a European Cup/Champions League final. The club has not lost a final since 1981. On the other hand, Atlético Madrid became the only team to lose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050657", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nwere former Argentine international Javier Zanetti, who won the Champions League with Internazionale against Bayern Munich in 2010, and former Italian international Paolo Maldini, who won five European Cups with Milan. UEFA unveiled the brand identity of the final on 27 August 2015 in Monaco ahead of the group stage draw. The logo features the Milan landmark Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. With a stadium capacity of 71,500, a total amount of 46,000 tickets were available to fans and the general public, with the two finalist teams receiving 20,000 tickets each and with 6,000 tickets being available for sale to fans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7496824", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nmedia he was happy and proud of the win, and that the team had shown character until the end. He added, \"\"We deserved to win. I feel sorry for Atlético but I feel glad for ourselves that we won the game. This is Real Madrid's competition. The \"\"undecima\"\" [\"\"eleventh\"\"]. This trophy belongs to Real Madrid, it's why it's the best club in the world.\"\" 2016 UEFA Champions League Final The 2016 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145765", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nthe final itself. The match was a repeat of the 1998 final, making it the eighth repeated final pairing. Real Madrid won the 1998 final 1–0. The 2017 final was the first time since the two teams met in 1998 that both finalists had won either their domestic league or the Champions League the previous season. Juventus reached their ninth final after a 4–1 aggregate win against Monaco to maintain their undefeated record in this season's competition. Juventus also entered the final with the best defensive record in the 2016–17 Champions League, having conceded only thrice. Previously Juventus won finals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "669882", "chunk_text": "\"2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final\"\nUEFA Champions League and 2016 UEFA Super Cup. With his final hat-trick, Cristiano Ronaldo was named the man of the match. He also finished as the tournament's top scorer, with four goals. Additionally, he was awarded the adidas Golden Ball for best player of the tournament. Teammate Luka Modrić came in second, receiving the Silver Ball. Kashima midfielder Gaku Shibasaki came in third, and was given the Bronze Ball following his brace in the final. Kashima Antlers were also awarded the fair play award with the best fair play record during the tournament. Following the match, Real manager Zinedine Zidane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050655", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\ntriumph in 2012 led by current coach Diego Simeone, widely attributed as having brought Atlético Madrid back to glory, but had yet to win a Champions League. He had the chance to join fellow Argentinians Luis Carniglia and Helenio Herrera as the only non-European coaches to win the European Cup/Champions League. More importantly, Atlético Madrid were seeking revenge for the 2014 final, which they lost 4-1 against Real Madrid after extra-time. If they would win the Champions League, they would join Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea as clubs to have won the three main European club competitions. On the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13814523", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 UEFA Champions League\"\n2017–18 UEFA Champions League The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League was the 63rd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 26th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The final was played between Real Madrid and Liverpool at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine. Real Madrid, the defending champions, beat Liverpool 3–1 to win a record-extending 13th title and their third title in a row. As winners, Real Madrid qualified as the UEFA representative for the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3013134", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nin 1985 and 1996, and lost a record six in 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003 and 2015. This was also their 14th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (winning in 1984) and four UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1977, 1990 and 1993, and losing in 1995). If they were to lose, Juventus would tie Benfica's record of five consecutive finals lost. Title holders Real Madrid reached a record 15th final after a 4–2 aggregate win against city rivals Atlético Madrid, knocking them out of the competition for the fourth consecutive season.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3468694", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 UEFA Champions League\"\nthe second three and the third one. The shortlist of the top three players were announced on 4 August 2017. The award winners were announced and presented during the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage draw in Monaco on 24 August 2017. 2016–17 UEFA Champions League The 2016–17 UEFA Champions League was the 62nd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 25th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The final was played between Juventus and Real Madrid at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145768", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nbe the first team in the Champions League era (since 1993) to win two consecutive finals. Four times prior the previous champions have advanced to the final (Milan in 1995, Ajax in 1996, Juventus in 1997, and Manchester United in 2009), but on all occasions the title holders lost. The two sides had previously met eighteen times in European competitions, all in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League, with a record of eight wins each and two draws. The first meeting between the two sides took place in the 1961–62 European Cup quarter-finals, where Real Madrid beat Juventus 3–1 in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11036116", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Euro 2016 Final\"\nUEFA Euro 2016 Final The UEFA Euro 2016 Final was a football match that took place on 10 July 2016 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France, to determine the winners of UEFA Euro 2016. Portugal defeated the hosts and two-time winners France 1–0 after extra time, with a goal from substitute Eder, to claim its first major tournament title. In doing so, they became the tenth nation to win the UEFA European Championship, 12 years after losing their first final at home in 2004. France became the second host team to lose the final, after Portugal in 2004,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7496821", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\naftermath of the attack, club president Florentino Pérez dedicated Real Madrid's victory to the fans that were killed and other Iraqi fans of the club, including others who have been killed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Players had previously worn black armbands and observed moment of silence after the first attack. Zidane expressed his pride at being Real Madrid coach and winning the Champions League with the club as a player, as assistant coach and now as head coach. On the result, he said, \"\"Both teams got to the very end – the penalties went our", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4756737", "chunk_text": "\"2015 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nwith a 3–1 home win over PSG on 10 December. They initially fell behind to a goal by Zlatan Ibrahimović, but replied with a goal each from the South American forward line of Messi, Neymar and Suárez. In the last 16, Barcelona faced Manchester City, winners of the 2013–14 Premier League and Group E runners-up. In the first leg at the City of Manchester Stadium on 24 February 2015, Suárez scored twice in the first 30 minutes, and Sergio Agüero got a goal back for the hosts after the break. In the return game on 18 March, City goalkeeper limited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136431", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nfinal, their first since 2007, after a 7–6 aggregate win against Italian side Roma. They have won the final on five occasions (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 2005), and have lost twice (1985 and 2007). This was also their 13th final in UEFA seasonal competitions, having played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (losing in 1966) and four UEFA Cup/Europa League finals (winning in 1973, 1976 and 2001; and losing in 2016). Liverpool were the first team since Bayern Munich in 2011–12 to reach the final having qualified for the competition through the play-off round. This was also the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4756745", "chunk_text": "\"2015 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nBarcelona led 1–0. Ten minutes into the second half, Juventus equalised: Claudio Marchisio back-heeled the ball to right-back Stephan Lichtsteiner, who set up Carlos Tevez. Barcelona goalkeeper Marc-André ter Stegen blocked the shot from Tevez, but Álvaro Morata levelled the scores by putting the rebound into the net. In the 67th minute, Juventus appealed for a penalty when Paul Pogba went down in the area when challenged by Dani Alves, but the referee did not give it. Two minutes later, Barcelona took the lead again when Lionel Messi shot from the edge of the area, Gianluigi Buffon blocked it and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145769", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nplay-off after the two sides exchanged 1–0 away wins. The most recent meeting between the clubs had taken place in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League semi-finals, where Juventus won 3–2 on aggregate to advance to the 2015 final. Juventus entered the final chasing their first treble of domestic league, domestic cup, and Champions League titles, bidding to become the ninth team to win it. They won the 2016–17 Coppa Italia after defeating Lazio in the final on 17 May, and clinched the 2016–17 Serie A title on 21 May. Real Madrid were chasing the double of domestic league and Champions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3013135", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nReal Madrid went into the final as top scorers of the 2016–17 Champions League, having scored 32 goals. This final is their third since 2014, and gives Real a chance to win a record 12th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 and 2016, and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 19th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are looking to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145763", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nthis victory, as the defending champions, Real Madrid became the first ever team to successfully defend their title in the Champions League era, and the first to do so since Milan in 1990. On the other hand, Juventus lost a fifth final in a row and a seventh in nine finals reached. Real Madrid qualified as the UEFA representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates, and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League, Manchester United, in the 2017 UEFA Super Cup. \"\"In the following table, finals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136429", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nMadrid reached a record 16th final after a 4–3 aggregate win against German side Bayern Munich, knocking them out of the competition for the second consecutive season. This was Real Madrid's third consecutive final, and fourth final in five tournaments with an opportunity to win a record 13th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017; and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 20th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3308347", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Europa League Final\"\nin a UEFA Cup/Europa League final before. This was their first meeting in a European competition. Liverpool previously won finals in 1973, 1976, and 2001. Overall, this was their 12th final in a European competition, with five wins in the European Cup (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, and 2005) and two defeats in the European Cup (1985 and 2007) and one in the European Cup Winners' Cup (1966). This was the second European club final for their manager Jürgen Klopp, who lost in the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final with Borussia Dortmund, who were eliminated by Liverpool in this season's quarter-finals.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18569427", "chunk_text": "\"2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final\"\n2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final was the final match of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup, a football tournament hosted by Japan. It was the 13th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the winner clubs from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the league winner from the host nation. The final was contested between Spanish club Real Madrid, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Japanese club Kashima Antlers, representing the host country as the reigning champions of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3308343", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Europa League Final\"\n2016 UEFA Europa League Final The 2016 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, the 45th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. It was played at the St. Jakob-Park in Basel, Switzerland on 18 May 2016, between English team Liverpool and Spanish team and two-time defending champions Sevilla. Sevilla won the match 3–1 to become the first team to win the UEFA Cup/Europa League three times in a row; it was their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136441", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nwas the fifth consecutive title for a Spanish side in the Champions League, becoming the longest run for the trophy to be held by teams from the same country since English sides won six consecutive titles between 1977 and 1982. Manager Zinedine Zidane became the first to win three consecutive Champions League titles and matched Carlo Ancelotti's record of Champions League era wins. Five days after the final, Zidane announced that he would step down as manager in favour of a \"\"different voice\"\". Cristiano Ronaldo became the first player to win the Champions League five times, surpassing the record set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342135", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 UEFA Champions League\"\n2015–16 UEFA Champions League The 2015–16 UEFA Champions League was the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. Barcelona were the title holders, but were eliminated by Atlético Madrid in the quarter-finals. The 2016 UEFA Champions League Final was played between Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid at the San Siro in Milan, Italy. It was the second time in the tournament's history that both finalists were from the same city, after the same clubs faced each other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4756747", "chunk_text": "\"2015 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nthe limping Suárez for Pedro. In the final added minute, Alves handled the ball near the halfway line, and Juventus launched the resulting free kick towards the Barcelona goal, where it was cleared. The ensuing counter-attack ended with Neymar scoring with the final kick to make it 3–1. With the win, Barcelona became the first European club to achieve the treble twice. Their fifth European title put them joint third with Bayern Munich and Liverpool. If only the Champions League era is considered, this is their fourth title, putting them joint first with Real Madrid, until Madrid extend their lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342136", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 UEFA Champions League\"\nin the 2014 final. Real Madrid defeated Atlético Madrid 5–3 on penalties (1–1 after extra time) in the final to win a record-extending eleventh European Cup/Champions League title. As the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid qualified as the UEFA representative at the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan (their third Club World Cup appearance), and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, Sevilla, in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup. The UEFA Executive Committee held in May 2013 approved the following changes to the UEFA Champions League starting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20574827", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nright foot of Leonardo Bonucci. Juventus responded with a goal seven minutes later to bring the score to 1–1. Mario Mandžukić chested down a ball from Higuaín and hooked the ball over his shoulder from , which arced over Navas. The goal was heralded as one of the best goals ever scored in a Champions League final and was compared to Zinedine Zidane's goal in the 2002 final for Real Madrid. Juventus remained in control through the end of the first half, while Real Madrid conceded two yellow cards for defenders Sergio Ramos and Dani Carvajal. Real Madrid began the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4756739", "chunk_text": "\"2015 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nadded-time addition by Neymar. Six days later at the Allianz Arena, Bayern took the lead through Medhi Benatia, and Neymar put Barcelona into the lead by half time. Second-half goals by Robert Lewandowski and Thomas Müller gave Bayern a 3–2 win on the night, but Barcelona advanced 5–3 on aggregate. Former Germany international player Karl-Heinz Riedle, who won the Champions League with Borussia Dortmund against Juventus in 1997, was named the ambassador for the final. UEFA unveiled the visual identity of the final on 29 August 2014. It blends the stadium with the city's Brandenburg Gate. With a stadium capacity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9250579", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 UEFA Champions League\"\nfinal was played on 28 May 2016 at the San Siro in Milan, Italy. The \"\"home\"\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw. Statistics exclude qualifying rounds and play-off round. The UEFA technical study group selected the following 18 players as the squad of the tournament. 2015–16 UEFA Champions League The 2015–16 UEFA Champions League was the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. Barcelona were the title holders,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050651", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\n80,000 seats for UEFA competitions. The 2016 final marked the first time a final has been held at the San Siro when neither of its tenants were able to win the competition, as Milan and Internazionale both failed to qualify for any European competitions after their performance in the 2014–15 Serie A. This final was the sixth tournament final to feature two teams from the same association, the third all-Spanish final, and the second between teams from the same city, fielding exactly the two teams that faced each other in the 2014 final, making it the seventh repeated final pairing.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "669884", "chunk_text": "\"2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final\"\nworld-class level.\"\" 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final was the final match of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup, a football tournament hosted by Japan. It was the 13th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the winner clubs from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the league winner from the host nation. The final was contested between Spanish club Real Madrid, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Japanese club Kashima Antlers, representing the host country as the reigning champions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050658", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nworldwide via UEFA.com from 1 to 14 March 2016 in four price categories: €440, €320, €160 and €70. The remaining tickets were allocated to the local organising committee, UEFA and national associations, commercial partners and broadcasters, and to serve the corporate hospitality programme. American singer Alicia Keys performed in the opening ceremony prior to the match, the first time it has featured a live music performance. Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli performed the UEFA Champions League Anthem. The 2016 UEFA Women's Champions League Final was held two days prior, on 26 May 2016, at the Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_799	who has the most gold medals in the winter olympics of all time?	n/a	[ "Norway" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617772", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nonly country to have earned a gold medal at every Winter Olympics is the United States. Norway leads the all-time medal table for the Winter Olympics both on number of gold and overall medals, followed by the United States, Germany, and the former Soviet Union. A predecessor, the Nordic Games, were organised by General Viktor Gustaf Balck in Stockholm, Sweden in 1901 and were held again in 1903 and 1905 and then every fourth year thereafter until 1926. Balck was a charter member of the IOC and a close friend of Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin. He attempted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7942428", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nin, Canada held the record for most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics with 14, which it won in Vancouver in 2010. This mark was equalled by both Norway and Germany at these Olympics. Norway set the record for most total medals at a single Winter Olympics with 39, surpassing the 37 medals of the United States won at the 2010 Winter Olympics. The mark of 30 NOCs winning medals is the highest for any Winter Olympic Games. Hungary won its first Winter Olympic gold medal ever. Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen (two gold, one silver, and two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3679239", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in the United States\"\nfor the United States. U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,522 medals (1,022 of them being gold) at the Summer Olympic Games and another 305 at the Winter Olympic Games. Most medals have been won in athletics (track and field) (801, 32%) and swimming (553, 22%). American swimmer Michael Phelps is the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, with 28 Olympic medals, 23 of them gold. The United States has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games except the 1980 Summer Olympics hosted by the Soviet Union in Moscow, which it boycotted because of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2718996", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Winter Olympics\"\nstill only a demonstration sport). Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count. With 14, Canada broke the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics, which was 13, set by the Soviet Union in 1976 and Norway in 2002. The United States won the most medals in total, their second time doing so at the Winter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5849815", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nGermany and Norway were tied for the most gold medals won; both won fourteen golds. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics, five of which were gold. Pyeongchang bid to host both the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost in the final rounds of voting to Vancouver and Sochi respectively. Munich also launched a bid to host these Games. Prior to Beijing's successful 2022 Winter Olympics bid, Munich would have become the first city to host both the Winter and the Summer Games, having previously hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13658346", "chunk_text": "\"2002 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nconsecutive Winter Games. Immediately following the Games, Germany was also the gold medal leader with twelve. With 36 total medals, Germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics. Two years later, however, Norway was awarded two extra gold medals, raising their total to thirteen and giving them the lead in gold medals. In addition, Norway tied the former Soviet Union in 1976 for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics. This record would later be broken by Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics. The United States, the host nation, was third in the medal count with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617809", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nthe snow, Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen took two golds to bring his total tally of Olympic medals to 13, overtaking his compatriot Bjørn Dæhlie to become the most decorated Winter Olympian of all time. Another Norwegian, cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen took three golds; her total of ten Olympic medals tied her as the female Winter Olympian with most medals, alongside Raisa Smetanina and Stefania Belmondo. Snowboarder Ayumu Hirano became the youngest medallist on snow at the Winter Games when he took a silver in the halfpipe competition at the age of fifteen. On the ice, the Dutch dominated the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11006156", "chunk_text": "\"Larisa Latynina\"\nLarisa Latynina Larisa Semyonovna Latynina (, ; née Diriy; born 27 December 1934) is a former Soviet artistic gymnast from southern Ukraine. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years (Michael Phelps; 31 July 2012). She held the record for individual event medals with 14 for 52 years (Michael Phelps; 11 August 2016). She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16121993", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Phelps\"\nMichael Phelps Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American retired competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (23), Olympic gold medals in individual events (13), and Olympic medals in individual events (16). When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Phelps had already tied the record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13503761", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nin 2002). The United States placed first in total medals—its second time doing so in a Winter Games—and set a new record for most medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics, with 37 (the previous record was 36, established by Germany in 2002). Athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations. Cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen from Norway won five medals (three gold, one silver, one bronze), more than any other athlete. Chinese short track speed skater Wang Meng tied Bjørgen for the lead in gold medals, with three. The medal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13658347", "chunk_text": "\"2002 Winter Olympics medal table\"\na total of 34 medals. Croatia and Estonia won the first medals and first Gold medals in their Winter Olympic history, while Australia and China won their first gold medals. Biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen of Norway won four gold medals, while Croatian alpine skier Janica Kostelić won three golds and a silver, making them the two athletes with the most medals at the Games. Due to various controversies, two extra gold medals were awarded. In the figure skating pairs competition, Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia were originally awarded the gold over Jamie Salé and David Pelletier of Canada.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2945168", "chunk_text": "\"Larisa Latynina\"\nexcept for the 1956 balance beam where she came in fourth. Latynina's nine gold medals makes her second on the list of most Olympic gold medalists together with Paavo Nurmi, Mark Spitz, and Carl Lewis, only behind Michael Phelps, who has 23. She held the distinction of having more Olympic medals (either individually or with a team) than anybody, from 1964 until 2012. She is the only woman to have won nine gold medals. She is also the only female athlete who at some point has held the record for most Olympic gold medals. Additionally, within the sport of gymnastics,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8598884", "chunk_text": "\"Shaun White\"\nShaun White Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder, skateboarder and musician. He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist. He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and most Olympic gold medals by a snowboarder, and has won 10 ESPY Awards. White was born in San Diego, California. His ancestry includes Irish and Italian. He was born with a Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect for which he endured two open-heart operations before the age of one. White spent his formative years riding Okemo Mountain and Bear Mountain, small ski resorts found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15879487", "chunk_text": "\"Paavo Nurmi\"\nin running. He also set many more unofficial ones for a total of 58. His indoor world records were all unofficial as the IAAF did not ratify indoor records until the 1980s. Nurmi's record for most Olympic gold medals was matched by gymnast Larisa Latynina in 1964, swimmer Mark Spitz in 1972 and fellow track and field athlete Carl Lewis in 1996, and broken by swimmer Michael Phelps in 2008. Nurmi's record for most medals in the Olympic Games stood until Edoardo Mangiarotti won his 13th medal in fencing in 1960. \"\"Time\"\" selected Nurmi as the greatest Olympian of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11888023", "chunk_text": "\"Shaun White\"\nand settlement would tarnish his image. In replying, he referred to the incident as gossip, a response that created widespread condemnation of White for minimizing sexual harassment. White later apologized for his choice of words. Shaun White Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder, skateboarder and musician. He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist. He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and most Olympic gold medals by a snowboarder, and has won 10 ESPY Awards. White was born in San Diego, California. His ancestry includes Irish and Italian. He was born with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14671182", "chunk_text": "\"Canada at the Winter Olympics\"\nCanada at the Winter Olympics Canada (IOC country code CAN) has competed at every Winter Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal each time. By total medals, the country's best performance was in the 2018 Winter Olympic Games where Canadian athletes won 29 medals. Canada set a new record for most gold medals won by a country in a single Winter Olympics with 14 at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. This achievement surpassed the previous record of 13 gold medals held by the Soviet Union (1976) and Norway (2002). Both Germany and Norway matched the record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13804787", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nbronze) achieved five medals, more than any other athlete. With 15 medals, she became the most decorated athlete in Winter Olympics history. Swedish cross-country skier Charlotte Kalla finished with four medals (one gold, three silver), as did her compatriot and fellow cross-country skier Stina Nilsson (one gold, two silvers, one bronze) and Russian cross-country skier Alexander Bolshunov (three silver, one bronze) who was competing for the Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Olympics. Norwegian cross-country skier Johannes Høsflot Klæbo and French biathlete Martin Fourcade tied for the most gold medals, with three each. Ester Ledecká of the Czech Republic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617799", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\ngold medal. Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway won three gold medals in Nordic skiing, becoming the most decorated Winter Olympic athlete, with eight gold medals and twelve medals overall. Austrian Hermann Maier survived a crash during the downhill competition and returned to win gold in the super-G and the giant slalom. Tara Lipinski of the United States, aged just 15, became the youngest ever female gold medallist in an individual event when she won the Ladies' Singles, a record that had stood since Sonja Henie of Norway won the same event, also aged 15, in St. Moritz in 1928. New world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6468244", "chunk_text": "\"Nikolai Andrianov\"\nNikolai Andrianov Nikolai Yefimovich Andrianov (; 14 October 1952 – 21 March 2011) was a Soviet/Russian gymnast. He held the record for men for the most Olympic medals at 15 (7 gold medals, 5 silver medals, 3 bronze medals) until Michael Phelps surpassed him at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Andrianov is the third athlete (male or female) in cumulative Olympic medals after Phelps's 28 and Larisa Latynina, who earned 18. Andrianov won the most medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics with 6 individual medals and one team medal. Within the sport of Men's Artistic Gymnastics, he also holds the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16022783", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics\"\nhighest total medal count, and won more silver and bronze medals than any other participating nation. This games also saw a gold medal record for U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps, who won 8 golds surpassing Mark Spitz's record of 7 golds in a single Olympic event in 1972. Phelps also surpassed Spitz, Larisa Latynina of the USSR, Paavo Nurmi of Finland, and U.S. sprinter Carl Lewis to become the current record holder for the most Olympic gold medals (14). The United States also saw milestones in women's swimming. Natalie Coughlin won 6 medals in Beijing, the most for a female Olympic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4268439", "chunk_text": "\"Nikolai Andrianov\"\n\"\"tragic\"\", but stated that he had been ill for a long time. Nikolai Andrianov Nikolai Yefimovich Andrianov (; 14 October 1952 – 21 March 2011) was a Soviet/Russian gymnast. He held the record for men for the most Olympic medals at 15 (7 gold medals, 5 silver medals, 3 bronze medals) until Michael Phelps surpassed him at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Andrianov is the third athlete (male or female) in cumulative Olympic medals after Phelps's 28 and Larisa Latynina, who earned 18. Andrianov won the most medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics with 6 individual medals and one team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "325517", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Heiden\"\nEric Heiden Eric Arthur Heiden (born June 14, 1958) is an American physician and a former long track speed skater, road cyclist and track cyclist. He won an unprecedented five individual gold medals, and set four Olympic records and one world record at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games. Heiden was the most successful athlete at those Olympic Games, single-handedly winning more gold medals than all nations except for the Soviet Union (10) and East Germany (9). He is the most successful Winter Olympian from a single edition of any Winter Olympics. He delivered the Athlete's Oath at those same 1980", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1259502", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nachieve six Winter Olympic medals over six consecutive games, all achieved at the men's singles event. Speed skater Ireen Wüst from the Netherlands achieved five medals (two gold and three silver), more than any other athlete. Korean-born Russian short track speed skater Viktor Ahn, Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen, and Belarusian biathlete Darya Domracheva tied for the most gold medals, with three each. The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1259500", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Winter Olympics medal table\"\n2014 Winter Olympics medal table The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February. A total of 2,873 athletes from 88 nations participated in 98 events in 7 sports across 15 different disciplines. Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 achievement of thirteen gold medals, but 4 gold medals (13 overall) were stripped later due to doping. Norway achieved the leading position in the medal table on 24 November 2017, when Russia was stripped of two gold medals in bobsleigh. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949213", "chunk_text": "\"2010 Winter Olympics\"\nOlympics, and broke the record for the most medals won at a single Winter Olympics with 37, a record held up to then by Germany in 2002 with 36 medals. Athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations. The Canadian Olympic Association chose Vancouver as the Canadian candidate city over Calgary, which sought to re-host the Games and Quebec City, which had lost the 2002 Olympic bid in 1995. On the first round of voting on November 21, 1998, Vancouver-Whistler had 26 votes, Quebec City had 25 and Calgary had 21. On December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4084087", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic medal table\"\none gold medal fewer than Norway - the latter winning 13. A similar situation occurred at the 2008 Summer Olympics, with China and U.S. topping the gold and total medal tallies respectively, and then again at the 2010 Winter Olympics when Canada and the U.S. finished 1st and 3rd respectively in the \"\"gold first\"\" ranking and 3rd and 1st respectively in terms of total medals won. Other exceptions are the 1896, 1912, and 1964 Summer Olympics when the United States finished first in gold medal count, but second in the overall medal count. In an August 24, 2008 news conference,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110378", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\na single Winter Games. Norway led the total medal standings with 39, the highest number of medals by a nation in any Winter Olympics, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics. The host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics is Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China, elected on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing will be the first city ever to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2022 Winter Olympics will take place between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16022809", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics\"\nalso surpassed Spitz, Larisa Latynina of the USSR, Paavo Nurmi of Finland, and American sprinter Carl Lewis to become the current record holder for the most Olympic gold medals (fourteen). All three men's relay teams set world records, and an additional six individual world records were set by Phelps, Ryan Lochte and Aaron Peirsol. The United States also saw milestones in women's swimming. Natalie Coughlin won six medals, more than any other female swimmer in Beijing., and the most for any American female athlete in a single Olympics. Rebecca Soni set a world record in the 200 meter breaststroke. Dara", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617791", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nevery one of the five events in which he competed, winning a total of five individual gold medals and breaking the record for most individual golds in a single Olympics (both Summer and Winter). Hanni Wenzel won both the slalom and giant slalom and her country, Liechtenstein, became the smallest nation to produce an Olympic gold medallist. In the \"\"Miracle on Ice\"\", the American hockey team composed of college players beat the favoured seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union, and progressed to eventually win the gold medal. Sapporo, Japan, and Gothenburg, Sweden, were front-runners to host the 1984 Winter Olympics.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "127473", "chunk_text": "\"Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics\"\nthe only double gold medalists. Karine Ruby of France and Americans Ross Powers and Danny Kass also won two medals. In the men's half-pipe event, American snowboarders have collected six of nine possible medals, achieving a unique medal sweep in 2002. The United States won a total of 24 medals, more than any other nation. The Americans and the Swiss collected ten and seven gold medals respectively. As of the 2014 Winter Olympics, 90 medals (30 of each color) have been awarded since 1998, and have been won by snowboarders from 21 National Olympic Committees. Note 1. Giant slalom in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853550", "chunk_text": "\"1998 Winter Olympics medal table\"\n1998 Winter Olympics medal table The 1998 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVIII Olympic Winter Games, was a winter multi-sport event held in Nagano, Japan, from 7 to 22 February 1998. Twenty-four nations earned medals at these Games, and fifteen won at least one gold medal; forty-eight countries left the Olympics without winning a medal. Competitors from Germany earned the highest number of gold medals (12) and the most overall medals (29). With 10 gold medals and 25 overall medals, Norway finished second in both categories. Denmark won its first – and as of 2018 only – Winter Olympics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5269716", "chunk_text": "\"All-time Olympic Games medal table\"\ngold medal was awarded to Hermann Schreiber of Switzerland for crossing the Alps in a glider in 1935, the first time that had been done. Some sources include these IOC awards of gold medals in the overall count. Germany has competed under five different designations, including as two separate teams at several Games. Sources vary in how they present the medals won by these teams. The table below shows sourced combinations of these teams, when applied to the updated medal totals from the main table. The Russian Federation, the Russian Empire and the Olympic Athletes from Russia are often combined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7746812", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nchampion, while Kerrigan won the silver medal. Johann Olav Koss of Norway won three gold medals, coming first in all of the distance speed skating events. 13-year-old Kim Yoon-Mi became the youngest-ever Olympic gold medallist when South Korea won the women's 3,000 meter speed skating relay. Russia won the most events, with eleven gold medals, while Norway achieved 26 podium finishes, collecting the most medals overall on home ground. Juan Antonio Samaranch described Lillehammer as \"\"the best Olympic Winter Games ever\"\" in his closing ceremony speech. The 1998 Winter Olympics were held in the Japanese city of Nagano and were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16574765", "chunk_text": "\"Evgeni Plushenko\"\nEvgeni Plushenko Evgeni Viktorovich Plushenko (, born 3 November 1982) is a Russian former figure skater. He is a four-time Olympic medalist (2006 gold, 2014 team gold, 2002 & 2010 silver), a three-time World champion (2001, 2003, 2004), a seven-time European champion (2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2012), a four-time Grand Prix Final champion (1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05), and a ten-time Russian national champion (1999–2002, 2004–2006, 2010, 2012–2013). Plushenko's four Olympic medals once tied with Sweden's Gillis Grafström's record for most Olympic medals in figure skating, which has since been surpassed by Scott Moir and Tessa Virtue. Plushenko was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8520953", "chunk_text": "\"Marit Bjørgen\"\nin Sochi in the 15 km skiathlon, the Team sprint and the 30km freestyle race. These three Olympic medals brought her total up to ten, equaling the record for most Winter Olympic medals held by a woman, already achieved by Stefania Belmondo and Raisa Smetanina; but of the three record holders at the time, Bjørgen had the most golds. Bjørgen is a five-time Olympian, having competed in every Winter Olympics since Salt Lake City in 2002 where she won her first silver medal. At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang she won her 11th–15th Olympic medals, the highest number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10617770", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nwell as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20430299", "chunk_text": "\"Italy at the Olympics\"\ntimes in the Winter Olympic Games. In total Italy has finished in the top 10 of the medal count 33 times. According to the official count of the International Olympic Committee, Italy has won 577 medals at Summer Olympics. The Italian athlete who won the most medals in the history of the Olympic Games, is the fencer Edoardo Mangiarotti. In this table (sorted by individual totals gold medals), the men who have won gold individual medals at the Olympics (but also at the World Championships). In this table, the women who have won gold individual medals at the Olympics and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110369", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nthan 2.5 million people Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to ever host a Winter Olympic Games. Over 2,500 athletes from 82 countries participated in 86 events. The death of Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili in a training run on the day of the opening ceremonies resulted in the Whistler Sliding Centre changing the track layout on safety grounds. Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen won five medals in the six cross-country events on the women's programme. She finished the Olympics with three golds, a silver and a bronze. For the first time, Canada won a gold medal at an Olympic Games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14542844", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandre Bilodeau\"\nBilodeau was a presenter at the 2010 Juno Awards, presenting the award for Album of the Year to Michael Bublé. After his retirement, he continued his career as a student-accountant. Source Source Alexandre Bilodeau Alexandre Bilodeau (; born September 8, 1987) is a retired Canadian freestyle skier from Montreal, Quebec. Bilodeau currently resides in Rosemère, Quebec. Bilodeau won a gold medal in the men's moguls at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, becoming the first Canadian to win a gold medal at an Olympic Games held in Canada. At the 2014 Winter Olympics, he became the first Olympian in history", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853641", "chunk_text": "\"1980 Winter Olympics medal table\"\n1980 Winter Olympics medal table The 1980 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Lake Placid, New York, United States, from February 13 to February 24. A total of 1,072 athletes from 37 nations participated in 38 events from 10 different sports. Athletes from 19 countries won at least one medal, and athletes from 11 secured at least one gold medal. After winning a then-record 13 gold medals in the 1976 Winter Olympics, the Soviet Union led with 10 gold medals in 1980, and had the second most total medals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7746818", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nof her poles and, when he saw her dilemma, Norwegian coach Bjørnar Håkensmoen decided to lend her a pole. In so doing she was able to help her team win a silver medal in the event at the expense of the Norwegian team, who finished fourth. On winning the Super-G, Kjetil-Andre Aamodt of Norway became the most decorated ski racer of all time with 4 gold and 8 overall medals. He is also the only ski racer to have won the same event at three different Olympics, winning the Super-G in 1992, 2002 and 2006. Claudia Pechstein of Germany became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1261266", "chunk_text": "\"Ulrich Wehling\"\nUlrich Wehling Ulrich Wehling (born 8 July 1952 in Halle) is a retired German skier who won the nordic combined event in the Winter Olympics three consecutive times, in 1972, 1976, and 1980. Wehling was the first man to win three consecutive gold medals in the same event at Winter Olympics but not the first Olympian to win three Gold in a winter discipline as Gillis Grafström had won a figure skating title at the Summer Olympics 1920 before winning twice at the first two Winter Olympics. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, Wehling won two Nordic combined medals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13472645", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics\"\nby winning the gold medal in the women's tennis singles event. Gymnast Gabby Douglas became the fourth U.S. female to win a gold medal in the individual all-around event. Allyson Felix became the most successful U.S. track-and-field athlete at the event, winning three gold medals. Swimmer Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated athlete in Olympic history, with a total of 22 medals won (including four gold and two silver medals in London) – 18 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze medals – surpassing Larisa Latynina's overall Olympic medal count. The following U.S. competitors won medals at the games. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4356829", "chunk_text": "\"1972 Winter Olympics medal table\"\n(5). East Germany, which ended the Games behind the Soviet Union with 14 medals, secured the most bronzes (7). The host nation, Japan, won a record total of three medals (one of each color), which included its first Winter Olympics gold medal. Three NOCs won a single medal: Canada (silver), Poland and Spain (gold). For the last two, these were their first-ever gold medals at the Winter Olympics, and in the case of Spain, it was its very first medal. This was Canada's weakest result since the 1936 Winter Olympics, when its athletes also brought home a single silver medal.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4473402", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Spitz\"\ndemand a good show. Television pays the IOC for the rights to that good show, and its sponsors want that too. Drug news and drug distractions are not a good show. People are not going to tune in to see athletes have their medals taken away from them.\"\" Mark Spitz Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competitive swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in 7 events. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, an achievement surpassed only by fellow American Michael Phelps, who won eight golds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4473370", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Spitz\"\nMark Spitz Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competitive swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in 7 events. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, an achievement surpassed only by fellow American Michael Phelps, who won eight golds at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Spitz set new world records in all seven events in which he competed in 1972. Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds, a silver, and a bronze; five Pan American golds; 31 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) titles; and eight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4110377", "chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nin Winter Olympics history. Johannes Høsflot Klæbo became the youngest ever male to win an Olympic gold in cross-country skiing when he won the men's sprint at age 21. Noriaki Kasai of Japan became the first athlete in history to participate in eight Winter Olympics when he took part in the ski jumping qualification the day before the opening of the Games. Ester Ledecká of the Czech Republic won gold in the skiing super-G event and another gold in the snowboarding parallel giant slalom, making her the first female athlete to win Olympic gold medals in two different sports at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5949790", "chunk_text": "\"All-time Olympic Games medal table\"\n2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and all changes in medal standings due to doping cases and medal redistributions up to October 2018 are taken into account. The sum total of gold, silver and bronze medals are not equal for the following reasons: After the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, 71 of the current 206 National Olympic Committees have yet to win an Olympic medal. Seven historic National Olympic Committees and the Refugee Olympic Team are also included in this list. The sections above are based on information published by the International Olympic Committee. Various sources deal with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853552", "chunk_text": "\"1998 Winter Olympics medal table\"\nThe sport of curling returned after a single appearance in the 1924 Olympics, snowboarding was added as a new sport, and women's ice hockey made its first appearance in the Olympics. The leading medal winner at the Games was Russian skier Larisa Lazutina, who won five medals, including three golds. The only other athlete to win three gold medals was Norwegian skier Bjørn Dæhlie, who won four medals overall, making him the first Winter Olympian to win twelve career medals, eight of which were gold. Nine other athletes won three medals, including three Germans. American figure skater Tara Lipinski became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7852517", "chunk_text": "\"1976 Summer Olympics medal table\"\nthe medal table, which remains the worst result a host nation has ever scored in the history of the Games. Nikolai Andrianov of the Soviet Union won seven medals (four gold, two silver and one bronze medals), becoming the most medalled athlete in these Games. The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.