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6,800
Scalable Kernel K-Means Clustering with Nystrom Approximation: Relative-Error Bounds
cs.LG
Kernel $k$-means clustering can correctly identify and extract a far more varied collection of cluster structures than the linear $k$-means clustering algorithm. However, kernel $k$-means clustering is computationally expensive when the non-linear feature map is high-dimensional and there are many input points. Kerne...
computer science
6,801
Assessing the Performance of Deep Learning Algorithms for Newsvendor Problem
stat.ML
In retailer management, the Newsvendor problem has widely attracted attention as one of basic inventory models. In the traditional approach to solving this problem, it relies on the probability distribution of the demand. In theory, if the probability distribution is known, the problem can be considered as fully solved...
computer science
6,802
Monte-Carlo Tree Search by Best Arm Identification
stat.ML
Recent advances in bandit tools and techniques for sequential learning are steadily enabling new applications and are promising the resolution of a range of challenging related problems. We study the game tree search problem, where the goal is to quickly identify the optimal move in a given game tree by sequentially sa...
computer science
6,803
Group Invariance, Stability to Deformations, and Complexity of Deep Convolutional Representations
stat.ML
In this paper, we study deep signal representations that are invariant to groups of transformations and stable to the action of diffeomorphisms without losing signal information. This is achieved by generalizing the multilayer kernel construction introduced in the context of convolutional kernel networks and by studyin...
computer science
6,804
An Expectation-Maximization Algorithm for the Fractal Inverse Problem
stat.ML
We present an Expectation-Maximization algorithm for the fractal inverse problem: the problem of fitting a fractal model to data. In our setting the fractals are Iterated Function Systems (IFS), with similitudes as the family of transformations. The data is a point cloud in ${\mathbb R}^H$ with arbitrary dimension $H$....
computer science
6,805
Stepwise regression for unsupervised learning
cs.LG
I consider unsupervised extensions of the fast stepwise linear regression algorithm \cite{efroymson1960multiple}. These extensions allow one to efficiently identify highly-representative feature variable subsets within a given set of jointly distributed variables. This in turn allows for the efficient dimensional reduc...
computer science
6,806
An Online Learning Approach to Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
We consider the problem of training generative models with a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Although GANs can accurately model complex distributions, they are known to be difficult to train due to instabilities caused by a difficult minimax optimization problem. In this paper, we view the problem of training GAN...
computer science
6,807
Deep EHR: A Survey of Recent Advances in Deep Learning Techniques for Electronic Health Record (EHR) Analysis
cs.LG
The past decade has seen an explosion in the amount of digital information stored in electronic health records (EHR). While primarily designed for archiving patient clinical information and administrative healthcare tasks, many researchers have found secondary use of these records for various clinical informatics tasks...
computer science
6,808
Confident Multiple Choice Learning
cs.LG
Ensemble methods are arguably the most trustworthy techniques for boosting the performance of machine learning models. Popular independent ensembles (IE) relying on naive averaging/voting scheme have been of typical choice for most applications involving deep neural networks, but they do not consider advanced collabora...
computer science
6,809
Random Forests, Decision Trees, and Categorical Predictors: The "Absent Levels" Problem
stat.ML
One of the advantages that decision trees have over many other models is their ability to natively handle categorical predictors without having to first transform them (e.g., by using one-hot encoding). However, in this paper, we show how this capability can also lead to an inherent "absent levels" problem for decision...
computer science
6,810
Recursive Multikernel Filters Exploiting Nonlinear Temporal Structure
stat.ML
In kernel methods, temporal information on the data is commonly included by using time-delayed embeddings as inputs. Recently, an alternative formulation was proposed by defining a gamma-filter explicitly in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, giving rise to a complex model where multiple kernels operate on different t...
computer science
6,811
SEVEN: Deep Semi-supervised Verification Networks
cs.LG
Verification determines whether two samples belong to the same class or not, and has important applications such as face and fingerprint verification, where thousands or millions of categories are present but each category has scarce labeled examples, presenting two major challenges for existing deep learning models. W...
computer science
6,812
Convergence analysis of belief propagation for pairwise linear Gaussian models
cs.LG
Gaussian belief propagation (BP) has been widely used for distributed inference in large-scale networks such as the smart grid, sensor networks, and social networks, where local measurements/observations are scattered over a wide geographical area. One particular case is when two neighboring agents share a common obser...
computer science
6,813
Lost Relatives of the Gumbel Trick
stat.ML
The Gumbel trick is a method to sample from a discrete probability distribution, or to estimate its normalizing partition function. The method relies on repeatedly applying a random perturbation to the distribution in a particular way, each time solving for the most likely configuration. We derive an entire family of r...
computer science
6,814
On Optimistic versus Randomized Exploration in Reinforcement Learning
stat.ML
We discuss the relative merits of optimistic and randomized approaches to exploration in reinforcement learning. Optimistic approaches presented in the literature apply an optimistic boost to the value estimate at each state-action pair and select actions that are greedy with respect to the resulting optimistic value f...
computer science
6,815
SEARNN: Training RNNs with Global-Local Losses
cs.LG
We propose SEARNN, a novel training algorithm for recurrent neural networks (RNNs) inspired by the "learning to search" (L2S) approach to structured prediction. RNNs have been widely successful in structured prediction applications such as machine translation or parsing, and are commonly trained using maximum likelihoo...
computer science
6,816
Provable benefits of representation learning
cs.LG
There is general consensus that learning representations is useful for a variety of reasons, e.g. efficient use of labeled data (semi-supervised learning), transfer learning and understanding hidden structure of data. Popular techniques for representation learning include clustering, manifold learning, kernel-learning,...
computer science
6,817
A Practical Method for Solving Contextual Bandit Problems Using Decision Trees
cs.LG
Many efficient algorithms with strong theoretical guarantees have been proposed for the contextual multi-armed bandit problem. However, applying these algorithms in practice can be difficult because they require domain expertise to build appropriate features and to tune their parameters. We propose a new method for the...
computer science
6,818
Reinforcement Learning under Model Mismatch
cs.LG
We study reinforcement learning under model misspecification, where we do not have access to the true environment but only to a reasonably close approximation to it. We address this problem by extending the framework of robust MDPs to the model-free Reinforcement Learning setting, where we do not have access to the mod...
computer science
6,819
Stochastic Training of Neural Networks via Successive Convex Approximations
stat.ML
This paper proposes a new family of algorithms for training neural networks (NNs). These are based on recent developments in the field of non-convex optimization, going under the general name of successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques. The basic idea is to iteratively replace the original (non-convex, highly d...
computer science
6,820
Second-Order Kernel Online Convex Optimization with Adaptive Sketching
stat.ML
Kernel online convex optimization (KOCO) is a framework combining the expressiveness of non-parametric kernel models with the regret guarantees of online learning. First-order KOCO methods such as functional gradient descent require only $\mathcal{O}(t)$ time and space per iteration, and, when the only information on t...
computer science
6,821
Robust Submodular Maximization: A Non-Uniform Partitioning Approach
stat.ML
We study the problem of maximizing a monotone submodular function subject to a cardinality constraint $k$, with the added twist that a number of items $\tau$ from the returned set may be removed. We focus on the worst-case setting considered in (Orlin et al., 2016), in which a constant-factor approximation guarantee wa...
computer science
6,822
FreezeOut: Accelerate Training by Progressively Freezing Layers
stat.ML
The early layers of a deep neural net have the fewest parameters, but take up the most computation. In this extended abstract, we propose to only train the hidden layers for a set portion of the training run, freezing them out one-by-one and excluding them from the backward pass. Through experiments on CIFAR, we empiri...
computer science
6,823
Variational Approaches for Auto-Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
Auto-encoding generative adversarial networks (GANs) combine the standard GAN algorithm, which discriminates between real and model-generated data, with a reconstruction loss given by an auto-encoder. Such models aim to prevent mode collapse in the learned generative model by ensuring that it is grounded in all the ava...
computer science
6,824
One Model To Learn Them All
cs.LG
Deep learning yields great results across many fields, from speech recognition, image classification, to translation. But for each problem, getting a deep model to work well involves research into the architecture and a long period of tuning. We present a single model that yields good results on a number of problems sp...
computer science
6,825
Learning with Feature Evolvable Streams
cs.LG
Learning with streaming data has attracted much attention during the past few years. Though most studies consider data stream with fixed features, in real practice the features may be evolvable. For example, features of data gathered by limited-lifespan sensors will change when these sensors are substituted by new ones...
computer science
6,826
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Random Walks on Target Labelings
stat.ML
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (DA) is used to automatize the task of labeling data: an unlabeled dataset (target) is annotated using a labeled dataset (source) from a related domain. We cast domain adaptation as the problem of finding stable labels for target examples. A new definition of label stability is proposed, ...
computer science
6,827
L2 Regularization versus Batch and Weight Normalization
cs.LG
Batch Normalization is a commonly used trick to improve the training of deep neural networks. These neural networks use L2 regularization, also called weight decay, ostensibly to prevent overfitting. However, we show that L2 regularization has no regularizing effect when combined with normalization. Instead, regulariza...
computer science
6,828
Local Feature Descriptor Learning with Adaptive Siamese Network
cs.LG
Although the recent progress in the deep neural network has led to the development of learnable local feature descriptors, there is no explicit answer for estimation of the necessary size of a neural network. Specifically, the local feature is represented in a low dimensional space, so the neural network should have mo...
computer science
6,829
Expected Policy Gradients
stat.ML
We propose expected policy gradients (EPG), which unify stochastic policy gradients (SPG) and deterministic policy gradients (DPG) for reinforcement learning. Inspired by expected sarsa, EPG integrates across the action when estimating the gradient, instead of relying only on the action in the sampled trajectory. We es...
computer science
6,830
A Closer Look at Memorization in Deep Networks
stat.ML
We examine the role of memorization in deep learning, drawing connections to capacity, generalization, and adversarial robustness. While deep networks are capable of memorizing noise data, our results suggest that they tend to prioritize learning simple patterns first. In our experiments, we expose qualitative differen...
computer science
6,831
Rgtsvm: Support Vector Machines on a GPU in R
stat.ML
Rgtsvm provides a fast and flexible support vector machine (SVM) implementation for the R language. The distinguishing feature of Rgtsvm is that support vector classification and support vector regression tasks are implemented on a graphical processing unit (GPU), allowing the libraries to scale to millions of examples...
computer science
6,832
Sample, computation vs storage tradeoffs for classification using tensor subspace models
cs.LG
In this paper, we exhibit the tradeoffs between the (training) sample, computation and storage complexity for the problem of supervised classification using signal subspace estimation. Our main tool is the use of tensor subspaces, i.e. subspaces with a Kronecker structure, for embedding the data into lower dimensions. ...
computer science
6,833
An a Priori Exponential Tail Bound for k-Folds Cross-Validation
stat.ML
We consider a priori generalization bounds developed in terms of cross-validation estimates and the stability of learners. In particular, we first derive an exponential Efron-Stein type tail inequality for the concentration of a general function of n independent random variables. Next, under some reasonable notion of s...
computer science
6,834
SVCCA: Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis for Deep Learning Dynamics and Interpretability
stat.ML
We propose a new technique, Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis (SVCCA), a tool for quickly comparing two representations in a way that is both invariant to affine transform (allowing comparison between different layers and networks) and fast to compute (allowing more comparisons to be calculated than with p...
computer science
6,835
Deep Counterfactual Networks with Propensity-Dropout
cs.LG
We propose a novel approach for inferring the individualized causal effects of a treatment (intervention) from observational data. Our approach conceptualizes causal inference as a multitask learning problem; we model a subject's potential outcomes using a deep multitask network with a set of shared layers among the fa...
computer science
6,836
On comparing clusterings: an element-centric framework unifies overlaps and hierarchy
stat.ML
Clustering is one of the most universal approaches for understanding complex data. A pivotal aspect of clustering analysis is quantitatively comparing clusterings; clustering comparison is the basis for tasks such as clustering evaluation, consensus clustering, and tracking the temporal evolution of clusters. For examp...
computer science
6,837
Unperturbed: spectral analysis beyond Davis-Kahan
stat.ML
Classical matrix perturbation results, such as Weyl's theorem for eigenvalues and the Davis-Kahan theorem for eigenvectors, are general purpose. These classical bounds are tight in the worst case, but in many settings sub-optimal in the typical case. In this paper, we present perturbation bounds which consider the natu...
computer science
6,838
A Divergence Bound for Hybrids of MCMC and Variational Inference and an Application to Langevin Dynamics and SGVI
cs.LG
Two popular classes of methods for approximate inference are Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and variational inference. MCMC tends to be accurate if run for a long enough time, while variational inference tends to give better approximations at shorter time horizons. However, the amount of time needed for MCMC to exceed...
computer science
6,839
A giant with feet of clay: on the validity of the data that feed machine learning in medicine
cs.LG
This paper considers the use of Machine Learning (ML) in medicine by focusing on the main problem that this computational approach has been aimed at solving or at least minimizing: uncertainty. To this aim, we point out how uncertainty is so ingrained in medicine that it biases also the representation of clinical pheno...
computer science
6,840
Analysis of dropout learning regarded as ensemble learning
cs.LG
Deep learning is the state-of-the-art in fields such as visual object recognition and speech recognition. This learning uses a large number of layers, huge number of units, and connections. Therefore, overfitting is a serious problem. To avoid this problem, dropout learning is proposed. Dropout learning neglects some i...
computer science
6,841
Concept Drift and Anomaly Detection in Graph Streams
cs.LG
Graph representations offer powerful and intuitive ways to describe data in a multitude of application domains. Here, we consider stochastic processes generating graphs and propose a methodology for detecting changes in stationarity of such processes. The methodology is general and considers a process generating attrib...
computer science
6,842
Statistical Mechanics of Node-perturbation Learning with Noisy Baseline
stat.ML
Node-perturbation learning is a type of statistical gradient descent algorithm that can be applied to problems where the objective function is not explicitly formulated, including reinforcement learning. It estimates the gradient of an objective function by using the change in the object function in response to the per...
computer science
6,843
Deep Interest Network for Click-Through Rate Prediction
stat.ML
To better extract users' interest by exploiting the rich historical behavior data is crucial for building the click-through rate (CTR) prediction model in the online advertising system in e-commerce industry. There are two key observations on user behavior data: i) \textbf{diversity}. Users are interested in different ...
computer science
6,844
The energy landscape of a simple neural network
stat.ML
We explore the energy landscape of a simple neural network. In particular, we expand upon previous work demonstrating that the empirical complexity of fitted neural networks is vastly less than a naive parameter count would suggest and that this implicit regularization is actually beneficial for generalization from fit...
computer science
6,845
A Note on Learning Algorithms for Quadratic Assignment with Graph Neural Networks
stat.ML
Many inverse problems are formulated as optimization problems over certain appropriate input distributions. Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the computational hardness of these optimization problems, not only in the worst case, but in an average-complexity sense under this same input distrib...
computer science
6,846
Efficient Approximate Solutions to Mutual Information Based Global Feature Selection
cs.LG
Mutual Information (MI) is often used for feature selection when developing classifier models. Estimating the MI for a subset of features is often intractable. We demonstrate, that under the assumptions of conditional independence, MI between a subset of features can be expressed as the Conditional Mutual Information (...
computer science
6,847
A Variance Maximization Criterion for Active Learning
stat.ML
Active learning aims to train a classifier as fast as possible with as few labels as possible. The core element in virtually any active learning strategy is the criterion that measures the usefulness of the unlabeled data based on which new points to be labeled are picked. We propose a novel approach which we refer to ...
computer science
6,848
Collaborative Deep Learning in Fixed Topology Networks
stat.ML
There is significant recent interest to parallelize deep learning algorithms in order to handle the enormous growth in data and model sizes. While most advances focus on model parallelization and engaging multiple computing agents via using a central parameter server, aspect of data parallelization along with decentral...
computer science
6,849
Methods for Interpreting and Understanding Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
This paper provides an entry point to the problem of interpreting a deep neural network model and explaining its predictions. It is based on a tutorial given at ICASSP 2017. It introduces some recently proposed techniques of interpretation, along with theory, tricks and recommendations, to make most efficient use of th...
computer science
6,850
Target contrastive pessimistic risk for robust domain adaptation
stat.ML
In domain adaptation, classifiers with information from a source domain adapt to generalize to a target domain. However, an adaptive classifier can perform worse than a non-adaptive classifier due to invalid assumptions, increased sensitivity to estimation errors or model misspecification. Our goal is to develop a doma...
computer science
6,851
An Effective Way to Improve YouTube-8M Classification Accuracy in Google Cloud Platform
stat.ML
Large-scale datasets have played a significant role in progress of neural network and deep learning areas. YouTube-8M is such a benchmark dataset for general multi-label video classification. It was created from over 7 million YouTube videos (450,000 hours of video) and includes video labels from a vocabulary of 4716 c...
computer science
6,852
Cognitive Subscore Trajectory Prediction in Alzheimer's Disease
stat.ML
Accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) entails clinical evaluation of multiple cognition metrics and biomarkers. Metrics such as the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive test (ADAS-cog) comprise multiple subscores that quantify different aspects of a patient's cognitive state such as learning, memor...
computer science
6,853
GANs Trained by a Two Time-Scale Update Rule Converge to a Local Nash Equilibrium
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) excel at creating realistic images with complex models for which maximum likelihood is infeasible. However, the convergence of GAN training has still not been proved. We propose a two time-scale update rule (TTUR) for training GANs with stochastic gradient descent on arbitrary GAN...
computer science
6,854
Learning Local Feature Aggregation Functions with Backpropagation
cs.LG
This paper introduces a family of local feature aggregation functions and a novel method to estimate their parameters, such that they generate optimal representations for classification (or any task that can be expressed as a cost function minimization problem). To achieve that, we compose the local feature aggregation...
computer science
6,855
Forecasting and Granger Modelling with Non-linear Dynamical Dependencies
cs.LG
Traditional linear methods for forecasting multivariate time series are not able to satisfactorily model the non-linear dependencies that may exist in non-Gaussian series. We build on the theory of learning vector-valued functions in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space and develop a method for learning prediction func...
computer science
6,856
Preserving Differential Privacy in Convolutional Deep Belief Networks
cs.LG
The remarkable development of deep learning in medicine and healthcare domain presents obvious privacy issues, when deep neural networks are built on users' personal and highly sensitive data, e.g., clinical records, user profiles, biomedical images, etc. However, only a few scientific studies on preserving privacy in ...
computer science
6,857
Reexamining Low Rank Matrix Factorization for Trace Norm Regularization
cs.LG
Trace norm regularization is a widely used approach for learning low rank matrices. A standard optimization strategy is based on formulating the problem as one of low rank matrix factorization which, however, leads to a non-convex problem. In practice this approach works well, and it is often computationally faster tha...
computer science
6,858
An Actor-Critic Contextual Bandit Algorithm for Personalized Mobile Health Interventions
stat.ML
Increasing technological sophistication and widespread use of smartphones and wearable devices provide opportunities for innovative and highly personalized health interventions. A Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI) uses real-time data collection and communication capabilities of modern mobile devices to deliver...
computer science
6,859
autoBagging: Learning to Rank Bagging Workflows with Metalearning
stat.ML
Machine Learning (ML) has been successfully applied to a wide range of domains and applications. One of the techniques behind most of these successful applications is Ensemble Learning (EL), the field of ML that gave birth to methods such as Random Forests or Boosting. The complexity of applying these techniques togeth...
computer science
6,860
Recovery of Missing Samples Using Sparse Approximation via a Convex Similarity Measure
stat.ML
In this paper, we study the missing sample recovery problem using methods based on sparse approximation. In this regard, we investigate the algorithms used for solving the inverse problem associated with the restoration of missed samples of image signal. This problem is also known as inpainting in the context of image ...
computer science
6,861
Deep learning bank distress from news and numerical financial data
stat.ML
In this paper we focus our attention on the exploitation of the information contained in financial news to enhance the performance of a classifier of bank distress. Such information should be analyzed and inserted into the predictive model in the most efficient way and this task deals with all the issues related to tex...
computer science
6,862
Feature uncertainty bounding schemes for large robust nonlinear SVM classifiers
stat.ML
We consider the binary classification problem when data are large and subject to unknown but bounded uncertainties. We address the problem by formulating the nonlinear support vector machine training problem with robust optimization. To do so, we analyze and propose two bounding schemes for uncertainties associated to ...
computer science
6,863
Graph Convolution: A High-Order and Adaptive Approach
cs.LG
In this paper, we presented a novel convolutional neural network framework for graph modeling, with the introduction of two new modules specially designed for graph-structured data: the $k$-th order convolution operator and the adaptive filtering module. Importantly, our framework of High-order and Adaptive Graph Convo...
computer science
6,864
Neural Sequence Model Training via $α$-divergence Minimization
stat.ML
We propose a new neural sequence model training method in which the objective function is defined by $\alpha$-divergence. We demonstrate that the objective function generalizes the maximum-likelihood (ML)-based and reinforcement learning (RL)-based objective functions as special cases (i.e., ML corresponds to $\alpha \...
computer science
6,865
Optimization Methods for Supervised Machine Learning: From Linear Models to Deep Learning
stat.ML
The goal of this tutorial is to introduce key models, algorithms, and open questions related to the use of optimization methods for solving problems arising in machine learning. It is written with an INFORMS audience in mind, specifically those readers who are familiar with the basics of optimization algorithms, but le...
computer science
6,866
On Fairness, Diversity and Randomness in Algorithmic Decision Making
stat.ML
Consider a binary decision making process where a single machine learning classifier replaces a multitude of humans. We raise questions about the resulting loss of diversity in the decision making process. We study the potential benefits of using random classifier ensembles instead of a single classifier in the context...
computer science
6,867
Noisy Networks for Exploration
cs.LG
We introduce NoisyNet, a deep reinforcement learning agent with parametric noise added to its weights, and show that the induced stochasticity of the agent's policy can be used to aid efficient exploration. The parameters of the noise are learned with gradient descent along with the remaining network weights. NoisyNet ...
computer science
6,868
From Parity to Preference-based Notions of Fairness in Classification
stat.ML
The adoption of automated, data-driven decision making in an ever expanding range of applications has raised concerns about its potential unfairness towards certain social groups. In this context, a number of recent studies have focused on defining, detecting, and removing unfairness from data-driven decision systems. ...
computer science
6,869
Penalizing Unfairness in Binary Classification
cs.LG
We present a new approach for mitigating unfairness in learned classifiers. In particular, we focus on binary classification tasks over individuals from two populations, where, as our criterion for fairness, we wish to achieve similar false positive rates in both populations, and similar false negative rates in both po...
computer science
6,870
On Scalable Inference with Stochastic Gradient Descent
stat.ML
In many applications involving large dataset or online updating, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) provides a scalable way to compute parameter estimates and has gained increasing popularity due to its numerical convenience and memory efficiency. While the asymptotic properties of SGD-based estimators have been establi...
computer science
6,871
Location Dependent Dirichlet Processes
stat.ML
Dirichlet processes (DP) are widely applied in Bayesian nonparametric modeling. However, in their basic form they do not directly integrate dependency information among data arising from space and time. In this paper, we propose location dependent Dirichlet processes (LDDP) which incorporate nonparametric Gaussian proc...
computer science
6,872
Variance Regularizing Adversarial Learning
stat.ML
We introduce a novel approach for training adversarial models by replacing the discriminator score with a bi-modal Gaussian distribution over the real/fake indicator variables. In order to do this, we train the Gaussian classifier to match the target bi-modal distribution implicitly through meta-adversarial training. W...
computer science
6,873
Dual Supervised Learning
cs.LG
Many supervised learning tasks are emerged in dual forms, e.g., English-to-French translation vs. French-to-English translation, speech recognition vs. text to speech, and image classification vs. image generation. Two dual tasks have intrinsic connections with each other due to the probabilistic correlation between th...
computer science
6,874
Rank Determination for Low-Rank Data Completion
cs.LG
Recently, fundamental conditions on the sampling patterns have been obtained for finite completability of low-rank matrices or tensors given the corresponding ranks. In this paper, we consider the scenario where the rank is not given and we aim to approximate the unknown rank based on the location of sampled entries an...
computer science
6,875
Multiscale sequence modeling with a learned dictionary
stat.ML
We propose a generalization of neural network sequence models. Instead of predicting one symbol at a time, our multi-scale model makes predictions over multiple, potentially overlapping multi-symbol tokens. A variation of the byte-pair encoding (BPE) compression algorithm is used to learn the dictionary of tokens that ...
computer science
6,876
Learning to Avoid Errors in GANs by Manipulating Input Spaces
stat.ML
Despite recent advances, large scale visual artifacts are still a common occurrence in images generated by GANs. Previous work has focused on improving the generator's capability to accurately imitate the data distribution $p_{data}$. In this paper, we instead explore methods that enable GANs to actively avoid errors b...
computer science
6,877
A simple efficient density estimator that enables fast systematic search
cs.LG
This paper introduces a simple and efficient density estimator that enables fast systematic search. To show its advantage over commonly used kernel density estimator, we apply it to outlying aspects mining. Outlying aspects mining discovers feature subsets (or subspaces) that describe how a query stand out from a given...
computer science
6,878
Learning Deep Energy Models: Contrastive Divergence vs. Amortized MLE
stat.ML
We propose a number of new algorithms for learning deep energy models and demonstrate their properties. We show that our SteinCD performs well in term of test likelihood, while SteinGAN performs well in terms of generating realistic looking images. Our results suggest promising directions for learning better models by ...
computer science
6,879
Structured Black Box Variational Inference for Latent Time Series Models
stat.ML
Continuous latent time series models are prevalent in Bayesian modeling; examples include the Kalman filter, dynamic collaborative filtering, or dynamic topic models. These models often benefit from structured, non mean field variational approximations that capture correlations between time steps. Black box variational...
computer science
6,880
ProtoDash: Fast Interpretable Prototype Selection
stat.ML
In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm ProtoDash for selecting prototypical examples from complex datasets. Our generalizes the learn to criticize (L2C) work by Kim et al. (2016) to not only select prototypes for a given sparsity level $m$ but also to associate non-negative (for interpretability) weights with ...
computer science
6,881
Wasserstein Distance Guided Representation Learning for Domain Adaptation
stat.ML
Domain adaptation aims at generalizing a high-performance learner on a target domain via utilizing the knowledge distilled from a source domain which has a different but related data distribution. One solution to domain adaptation is to learn domain invariant feature representations while the learned representations sh...
computer science
6,882
Labeled Memory Networks for Online Model Adaptation
cs.LG
Augmenting a neural network with memory that can grow without growing the number of trained parameters is a recent powerful concept with many exciting applications. We propose a design of memory augmented neural networks (MANNs) called Labeled Memory Networks (LMNs) suited for tasks requiring online adaptation in class...
computer science
6,883
Complex and Holographic Embeddings of Knowledge Graphs: A Comparison
cs.LG
Embeddings of knowledge graphs have received significant attention due to their excellent performance for tasks like link prediction and entity resolution. In this short paper, we are providing a comparison of two state-of-the-art knowledge graph embeddings for which their equivalence has recently been established, i.e...
computer science
6,884
Early stopping for kernel boosting algorithms: A general analysis with localized complexities
stat.ML
Early stopping of iterative algorithms is a widely-used form of regularization in statistics, commonly used in conjunction with boosting and related gradient-type algorithms. Although consistency results have been established in some settings, such estimators are less well-understood than their analogues based on penal...
computer science
6,885
Indefinite Kernel Logistic Regression
cs.LG
Traditionally, kernel learning methods requires positive definitiveness on the kernel, which is too strict and excludes many sophisticated similarities, that are indefinite, in multimedia area. To utilize those indefinite kernels, indefinite learning methods are of great interests. This paper aims at the extension of t...
computer science
6,886
Diffusion Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network: Data-Driven Traffic Forecasting
cs.LG
Spatiotemporal forecasting has various applications in neuroscience, climate and transportation domain. Traffic forecasting is one canonical example of such learning task. The task is challenging due to (1) complex spatial dependency on road networks, (2) non-linear temporal dynamics with changing road conditions and (...
computer science
6,887
High-Performance FPGA Implementation of Equivariant Adaptive Separation via Independence Algorithm for Independent Component Analysis
cs.LG
Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a dimensionality reduction technique that can boost efficiency of machine learning models that deal with probability density functions, e.g. Bayesian neural networks. Algorithms that implement adaptive ICA converge slower than their nonadaptive counterparts, however, they are cap...
computer science
6,888
Deep Character-Level Click-Through Rate Prediction for Sponsored Search
stat.ML
Predicting the click-through rate of an advertisement is a critical component of online advertising platforms. In sponsored search, the click-through rate estimates the probability that a displayed advertisement is clicked by a user after she submits a query to the search engine. Commercial search engines typically rel...
computer science
6,889
Bayesian Models of Data Streams with Hierarchical Power Priors
cs.LG
Making inferences from data streams is a pervasive problem in many modern data analysis applications. But it requires to address the problem of continuous model updating and adapt to changes or drifts in the underlying data generating distribution. In this paper, we approach these problems from a Bayesian perspective c...
computer science
6,890
Learning Mixture of Gaussians with Streaming Data
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the problem of learning a mixture of Gaussians with streaming data: given a stream of $N$ points in $d$ dimensions generated by an unknown mixture of $k$ spherical Gaussians, the goal is to estimate the model parameters using a single pass over the data stream. We analyze a streaming version of ...
computer science
6,891
Variational Inference via Transformations on Distributions
stat.ML
Variational inference methods often focus on the problem of efficient model optimization, with little emphasis on the choice of the approximating posterior. In this paper, we review and implement the various methods that enable us to develop a rich family of approximating posteriors. We show that one particular method ...
computer science
6,892
Nonlinear Sequential Accepts and Rejects for Identification of Top Arms in Stochastic Bandits
stat.ML
We address the M-best-arm identification problem in multi-armed bandits. A player has a limited budget to explore K arms (M<K), and once pulled, each arm yields a reward drawn (independently) from a fixed, unknown distribution. The goal is to find the top M arms in the sense of expected reward. We develop an algorithm ...
computer science
6,893
Low Dose CT Image Reconstruction With Learned Sparsifying Transform
stat.ML
A major challenge in computed tomography (CT) is to reduce X-ray dose to a low or even ultra-low level while maintaining the high quality of reconstructed images. We propose a new method for CT reconstruction that combines penalized weighted-least squares reconstruction (PWLS) with regularization based on a sparsifying...
computer science
6,894
Least Square Variational Bayesian Autoencoder with Regularization
stat.ML
In recent years Variation Autoencoders have become one of the most popular unsupervised learning of complicated distributions.Variational Autoencoder (VAE) provides more efficient reconstructive performance over a traditional autoencoder. Variational auto enocders make better approximaiton than MCMC. The VAE defines a ...
computer science
6,895
Efficient mixture model for clustering of sparse high dimensional binary data
cs.LG
In this paper we propose a mixture model, SparseMix, for clustering of sparse high dimensional binary data, which connects model-based with centroid-based clustering. Every group is described by a representative and a probability distribution modeling dispersion from this representative. In contrast to classical mixtur...
computer science
6,896
Accelerated Variance Reduced Stochastic ADMM
cs.LG
Recently, many variance reduced stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) methods (e.g.\ SAG-ADMM, SDCA-ADMM and SVRG-ADMM) have made exciting progress such as linear convergence rates for strongly convex problems. However, the best known convergence rate for general convex problems is O(1/T) as opp...
computer science
6,897
Fast Amortized Inference and Learning in Log-linear Models with Randomly Perturbed Nearest Neighbor Search
cs.LG
Inference in log-linear models scales linearly in the size of output space in the worst-case. This is often a bottleneck in natural language processing and computer vision tasks when the output space is feasibly enumerable but very large. We propose a method to perform inference in log-linear models with sublinear amor...
computer science
6,898
DeepCodec: Adaptive Sensing and Recovery via Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
stat.ML
In this paper we develop a novel computational sensing framework for sensing and recovering structured signals. When trained on a set of representative signals, our framework learns to take undersampled measurements and recover signals from them using a deep convolutional neural network. In other words, it learns a tra...
computer science
6,899
SCAN: Learning Abstract Hierarchical Compositional Visual Concepts
stat.ML
The natural world is infinitely diverse, yet this diversity arises from a relatively small set of coherent properties and rules, such as the laws of physics or chemistry. We conjecture that biological intelligent systems are able to survive within their diverse environments by discovering the regularities that arise fr...
computer science