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7,100
Hyperparameter Importance Across Datasets
stat.ML
With the advent of automated machine learning, automated hyperparameter optimization methods are by now routinely used. However, this progress is not yet matched by equal progress on automatic analyses that yield information beyond performance-optimizing hyperparameter settings. In this work, we aim to answer the follo...
computer science
7,101
Sparse Weighted Canonical Correlation Analysis
cs.LG
Given two data matrices $X$ and $Y$, sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) is to seek two sparse canonical vectors $u$ and $v$ to maximize the correlation between $Xu$ and $Yv$. However, classical and sparse CCA models consider the contribution of all the samples of data matrices and thus cannot identify an unde...
computer science
7,102
Manifold regularization based on Nystr{ö}m type subsampling
stat.ML
In this paper, we study the Nystr{\"o}m type subsampling for large scale kernel methods to reduce the computational complexities of big data. We discuss the multi-penalty regularization scheme based on Nystr{\"o}m type subsampling which is motivated from well-studied manifold regularization schemes. We develop a theore...
computer science
7,103
Graph Convolutional Networks for Classification with a Structured Label Space
cs.LG
It is a usual practice to ignore any structural information underlying classes in multi-class classification. In this paper, we propose a graph convolutional network (GCN) augmented neural network classifier to exploit a known, underlying graph structure of labels. The proposed approach resembles an (approximate) infer...
computer science
7,104
Burn-In Demonstrations for Multi-Modal Imitation Learning
cs.LG
Recent work on imitation learning has generated policies that reproduce expert behavior from multi-modal data. However, past approaches have focused only on recreating a small number of distinct, expert maneuvers, or have relied on supervised learning techniques that produce unstable policies. This work extends InfoGAI...
computer science
7,105
Dropout as a Low-Rank Regularizer for Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
Regularization for matrix factorization (MF) and approximation problems has been carried out in many different ways. Due to its popularity in deep learning, dropout has been applied also for this class of problems. Despite its solid empirical performance, the theoretical properties of dropout as a regularizer remain qu...
computer science
7,106
Robust Federated Learning Using ADMM in the Presence of Data Falsifying Byzantines
cs.LG
In this paper, we consider the problem of federated (or decentralized) learning using ADMM with multiple agents. We consider a scenario where a certain fraction of agents (referred to as Byzantines) provide falsified data to the system. In this context, we study the convergence behavior of the decentralized ADMM algori...
computer science
7,107
Facial Keypoints Detection
stat.ML
Detect facial keypoints is a critical element in face recognition. However, there is difficulty to catch keypoints on the face due to complex influences from original images, and there is no guidance to suitable algorithms. In this paper, we study different algorithms that can be applied to locate keyponits. Specifical...
computer science
7,108
Information-Theoretic Representation Learning for Positive-Unlabeled Classification
stat.ML
Recent advances in weakly supervised classification allow us to train a classifier only from positive and unlabeled (PU) data. However, existing PU classification methods typically require an accurate estimate of the class-prior probability, which is a critical bottleneck particularly for high-dimensional data. This pr...
computer science
7,109
Calibrated Boosting-Forest
stat.ML
Excellent ranking power along with well calibrated probability estimates are needed in many classification tasks. In this paper, we introduce a technique, Calibrated Boosting-Forest that captures both. This novel technique is an ensemble of gradient boosting machines that can support both continuous and binary labels. ...
computer science
7,110
A Geometric View of Optimal Transportation and Generative Model
cs.LG
In this work, we show the intrinsic relations between optimal transportation and convex geometry, especially the variational approach to solve Alexandrov problem: constructing a convex polytope with prescribed face normals and volumes. This leads to a geometric interpretation to generative models, and leads to a novel ...
computer science
7,111
Learning from Incomplete Ratings using Nonlinear Multi-layer Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
Recommender systems problems witness a growing interest for finding better learning algorithms for personalized information. Matrix factorization that estimates the user liking for an item by taking an inner product on the latent features of users and item have been widely studied owing to its better accuracy and scala...
computer science
7,112
Large Scale Graph Learning from Smooth Signals
stat.ML
Graphs are a prevalent tool in data science, as they model the inherent structure of the data. They have been used successfully in unsupervised and semi-supervised learning. Typically they are constructed either by connecting nearest samples, or by learning them from data, solving an optimization problem. While graph l...
computer science
7,113
A Disentangled Recognition and Nonlinear Dynamics Model for Unsupervised Learning
stat.ML
This paper takes a step towards temporal reasoning in a dynamically changing video, not in the pixel space that constitutes its frames, but in a latent space that describes the non-linear dynamics of the objects in its world. We introduce the Kalman variational auto-encoder, a framework for unsupervised learning of seq...
computer science
7,114
Stochastic Variance Reduction for Policy Gradient Estimation
cs.LG
Recent advances in policy gradient methods and deep learning have demonstrated their applicability for complex reinforcement learning problems. However, the variance of the performance gradient estimates obtained from the simulation is often excessive, leading to poor sample efficiency. In this paper, we apply the stoc...
computer science
7,115
Boosting Adversarial Attacks with Momentum
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which poses security concerns on these algorithms due to the potentially severe consequences. Adversarial attacks serve as an important surrogate to evaluate the robustness of deep learning models before they are deployed. However, most of existing adversaria...
computer science
7,116
On the challenges of learning with inference networks on sparse, high-dimensional data
stat.ML
We study parameter estimation in Nonlinear Factor Analysis (NFA) where the generative model is parameterized by a deep neural network. Recent work has focused on learning such models using inference (or recognition) networks; we identify a crucial problem when modeling large, sparse, high-dimensional datasets -- underf...
computer science
7,117
Deep Gaussian Covariance Network
cs.LG
The correlation length-scale next to the noise variance are the most used hyperparameters for the Gaussian processes. Typically, stationary covariance functions are used, which are only dependent on the distances between input points and thus invariant to the translations in the input space. The optimization of the hyp...
computer science
7,118
Learning to Warm-Start Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization
stat.ML
Hyperparameter optimization undergoes extensive evaluations of validation errors in order to find its best configuration. Bayesian optimization is now popular for hyperparameter optimization, since it reduces the number of validation error evaluations required. Suppose that we are given a collection of datasets on whic...
computer science
7,119
Combinatorial Penalties: Which structures are preserved by convex relaxations?
cs.LG
We consider the homogeneous and the non-homogeneous convex relaxations for combinatorial penalty functions defined on support sets. Our study identifies key differences in the tightness of the resulting relaxations through the notion of the lower combinatorial envelope of a set-function along with new necessary conditi...
computer science
7,120
Smooth and Sparse Optimal Transport
stat.ML
Entropic regularization is quickly emerging as a new standard in optimal transport (OT). It enables to cast the OT computation as a differentiable and unconstrained convex optimization problem, which can be efficiently solved using the Sinkhorn algorithm. However, entropy keeps the transportation plan strictly positive...
computer science
7,121
S-Isomap++: Multi Manifold Learning from Streaming Data
stat.ML
Manifold learning based methods have been widely used for non-linear dimensionality reduction (NLDR). However, in many practical settings, the need to process streaming data is a challenge for such methods, owing to the high computational complexity involved. Moreover, most methods operate under the assumption that the...
computer science
7,122
On reducing sampling variance in covariate shift using control variates
cs.LG
Covariate shift classification problems can in principle be tackled by importance-weighting training samples. However, the sampling variance of the risk estimator is often scaled up dramatically by the weights. This means that during cross-validation - when the importance-weighted risk is repeatedly evaluated - subopti...
computer science
7,123
Replacement AutoEncoder: A Privacy-Preserving Algorithm for Sensory Data Analysis
cs.LG
An increasing number of sensors on mobile, Internet of things (IoT), and wearable devices generate time-series measurements of physical activities. Though access to the sensory data is critical to the success of many beneficial applications such as health monitoring or activity recognition, a wide range of potentially ...
computer science
7,124
Stochastic Weighted Function Norm Regularization
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important due to their excellent empirical performance on a wide range of problems. However, regularization is generally achieved by indirect means, largely due to the complex set of functions defined by a network and the difficulty in measuring function complexity. ...
computer science
7,125
Concept Drift Learning with Alternating Learners
cs.LG
Data-driven predictive analytics are in use today across a number of industrial applications, but further integration is hindered by the requirement of similarity among model training and test data distributions. This paper addresses the need of learning from possibly nonstationary data streams, or under concept drift,...
computer science
7,126
Meta-Learning via Feature-Label Memory Network
cs.LG
Deep learning typically requires training a very capable architecture using large datasets. However, many important learning problems demand an ability to draw valid inferences from small size datasets, and such problems pose a particular challenge for deep learning. In this regard, various researches on "meta-learning...
computer science
7,127
Binary Classification from Positive-Confidence Data
stat.ML
Reducing labeling costs in supervised learning is a critical issue in many practical machine learning applications. In this paper, we consider positive-confidence (Pconf) classification, the problem of training a binary classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence. Pconf classification can be regarded as...
computer science
7,128
Machine Learning as Statistical Data Assimilation
cs.LG
We identify a strong equivalence between neural network based machine learning (ML) methods and the formulation of statistical data assimilation (DA), known to be a problem in statistical physics. DA, as used widely in physical and biological sciences, systematically transfers information in observations to a model of ...
computer science
7,129
Decomposition of Uncertainty in Bayesian Deep Learning for Efficient and Risk-sensitive Learning
stat.ML
Bayesian neural networks with latent variables (BNNs+LVs) are scalable and flexible probabilistic models: They account for uncertainty in the estimation of the network weights and, by making use of latent variables, they can capture complex noise patterns in the data. In this work, we show how to separate these two for...
computer science
7,130
Power Plant Performance Modeling with Concept Drift
cs.LG
Power plant is a complex and nonstationary system for which the traditional machine learning modeling approaches fall short of expectations. The ensemble-based online learning methods provide an effective way to continuously learn from the dynamic environment and autonomously update models to respond to environmental c...
computer science
7,131
Scalable Gaussian Processes with Billions of Inducing Inputs via Tensor Train Decomposition
cs.LG
We propose a method (TT-GP) for approximate inference in Gaussian Process (GP) models. We build on previous scalable GP research including stochastic variational inference based on inducing inputs, kernel interpolation, and structure exploiting algebra. The key idea of our method is to use Tensor Train decomposition fo...
computer science
7,132
Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization with Input Perturbation
stat.ML
We propose a novel framework for the differentially private ERM, input perturbation. Existing differentially private ERM implicitly assumed that the data contributors submit their private data to a database expecting that the database invokes a differentially private mechanism for publication of the learned model. In i...
computer science
7,133
Distributed Deep Transfer Learning by Basic Probability Assignment
cs.LG
Transfer learning is a popular practice in deep neural networks, but fine-tuning of large number of parameters is a hard task due to the complex wiring of neurons between splitting layers and imbalance distributions of data in pretrained and transferred domains. The reconstruction of the original wiring for the target ...
computer science
7,134
Unified Backpropagation for Multi-Objective Deep Learning
cs.LG
A common practice in most of deep convolutional neural architectures is to employ fully-connected layers followed by Softmax activation to minimize cross-entropy loss for the sake of classification. Recent studies show that substitution or addition of the Softmax objective to the cost functions of support vector machin...
computer science
7,135
Finite-dimensional Gaussian approximation with linear inequality constraints
stat.ML
Introducing inequality constraints in Gaussian process (GP) models can lead to more realistic uncertainties in learning a great variety of real-world problems. We consider the finite-dimensional Gaussian approach from Maatouk and Bay (2017) which can satisfy inequality conditions everywhere (either boundedness, monoton...
computer science
7,136
Dynamic classifier chains for multi-label learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we deal with the task of building a dynamic ensemble of chain classifiers for multi-label classification. To do so, we proposed two concepts of classifier chains algorithms that are able to change label order of the chain without rebuilding the entire model. Such modes allows anticipating the instance-sp...
computer science
7,137
A Tight Excess Risk Bound via a Unified PAC-Bayesian-Rademacher-Shtarkov-MDL Complexity
cs.LG
We present a novel notion of complexity that interpolates between and generalizes some classic existing complexity notions in learning theory: for estimators like empirical risk minimization (ERM) with arbitrary bounded losses, it is upper bounded in terms of data-independent Rademacher complexity; for generalized Baye...
computer science
7,138
Learning Discrete Weights Using the Local Reparameterization Trick
cs.LG
Recent breakthroughs in computer vision make use of large deep neural networks, utilizing the substantial speedup offered by GPUs. For applications running on limited hardware, however, high precision real-time processing can still be a challenge. One approach to solving this problem is training networks with binary or...
computer science
7,139
Towards Black-box Iterative Machine Teaching
stat.ML
In this paper, we make an important step towards the black-box machine teaching by considering the cross-space teaching setting, where the teacher and the learner use different feature representations and the teacher can not fully observe the learner's model. In such scenario, we study how the teacher is still able to ...
computer science
7,140
Zeroth-Order Online Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers: Convergence Analysis and Applications
stat.ML
In this paper, we design and analyze a new zeroth-order online algorithm, namely, the zeroth-order online alternating direction method of multipliers (ZOO-ADMM), which enjoys dual advantages of being gradient-free operation and employing the ADMM to accommodate complex structured regularizers. Compared to the first-ord...
computer science
7,141
Online Boosting Algorithms for Multi-label Ranking
stat.ML
We consider the multi-label ranking approach to multi-label learning. Boosting is a natural method for multi-label ranking as it aggregates weak predictions through majority votes, which can be directly used as scores to produce a ranking of the labels. We design online boosting algorithms with provable loss bounds for...
computer science
7,142
AutoEncoder Inspired Unsupervised Feature Selection
cs.LG
High-dimensional data in many areas such as computer vision and machine learning tasks brings in computational and analytical difficulty. Feature selection which selects a subset from observed features is a widely used approach for improving performance and effectiveness of machine learning models with high-dimensional...
computer science
7,143
Many Paths to Equilibrium: GANs Do Not Need to Decrease a Divergence At Every Step
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a family of generative models that do not minimize a single training criterion. Unlike other generative models, the data distribution is learned via a game between a generator (the generative model) and a discriminator (a teacher providing training signal) that each minimize t...
computer science
7,144
A Unified Framework for Long Range and Cold Start Forecasting of Seasonal Profiles in Time Series
stat.ML
Providing long-range forecasts is a fundamental challenge in time series modeling, which is only compounded by the challenge of having to form such forecasts when a time series has never previously been observed. The latter challenge is the time series version of the cold-start problem seen in recommender systems which...
computer science
7,145
Convolutional Neural Knowledge Graph Learning
cs.LG
Previous models for learning entity and relationship embeddings of knowledge graphs such as TransE, TransH, and TransR aim to explore new links based on learned representations. However, these models interpret relationships as simple translations on entity embeddings. In this paper, we try to learn more complex connect...
computer science
7,146
Interpretable Deep Learning applied to Plant Stress Phenotyping
stat.ML
Availability of an explainable deep learning model that can be applied to practical real world scenarios and in turn, can consistently, rapidly and accurately identify specific and minute traits in applicable fields of biological sciences, is scarce. Here we consider one such real world example viz., accurate identific...
computer science
7,147
Improving Accuracy of Nonparametric Transfer Learning via Vector Segmentation
cs.LG
Transfer learning using deep neural networks as feature extractors has become increasingly popular over the past few years. It allows to obtain state-of-the-art accuracy on datasets too small to train a deep neural network on its own, and it provides cutting edge descriptors that, combined with nonparametric learning m...
computer science
7,148
A Correction Method of a Binary Classifier Applied to Multi-label Pairwise Models
cs.LG
In this work, we addressed the issue of applying a stochastic classifier and a local, fuzzy confusion matrix under the framework of multi-label classification. We proposed a novel solution to the problem of correcting label pairwise ensembles. The main step of the correction procedure is to compute classifier- specific...
computer science
7,149
Classification on Large Networks: A Quantitative Bound via Motifs and Graphons
cs.LG
When each data point is a large graph, graph statistics such as densities of certain subgraphs (motifs) can be used as feature vectors for machine learning. While intuitive, motif counts are expensive to compute and difficult to work with theoretically. Via graphon theory, we give an explicit quantitative bound for the...
computer science
7,150
Conformal predictive distributions with kernels
cs.LG
This paper reviews the checkered history of predictive distributions in statistics and discusses two developments, one from recent literature and the other new. The first development is bringing predictive distributions into machine learning, whose early development was so deeply influenced by two remarkable groups at ...
computer science
7,151
The Heterogeneous Ensembles of Standard Classification Algorithms (HESCA): the Whole is Greater than the Sum of its Parts
cs.LG
Building classification models is an intrinsically practical exercise that requires many design decisions prior to deployment. We aim to provide some guidance in this decision making process. Specifically, given a classification problem with real valued attributes, we consider which classifier or family of classifiers ...
computer science
7,152
Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are universal function approximators providing state-of- the-art solutions on wide range of applications. Common perceptual tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, and object tracking are now commonly tackled via DNNs. Some fundamental problems remain: (1) the lack of a mathe...
computer science
7,153
GeoSeq2Seq: Information Geometric Sequence-to-Sequence Networks
stat.ML
The Fisher information metric is an important foundation of information geometry, wherein it allows us to approximate the local geometry of a probability distribution. Recurrent neural networks such as the Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) networks that have lately been used to yield state-of-the-art performance on speech...
computer science
7,154
mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization
cs.LG
Large deep neural networks are powerful, but exhibit undesirable behaviors such as memorization and sensitivity to adversarial examples. In this work, we propose mixup, a simple learning principle to alleviate these issues. In essence, mixup trains a neural network on convex combinations of pairs of examples and their ...
computer science
7,155
InterpNET: Neural Introspection for Interpretable Deep Learning
stat.ML
Humans are able to explain their reasoning. On the contrary, deep neural networks are not. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by introducing a new way to design interpretable neural networks for classification, inspired by physiological evidence of the human visual system's inner-workings. This paper proposes a neu...
computer science
7,156
Maximum Principle Based Algorithms for Deep Learning
cs.LG
The continuous dynamical system approach to deep learning is explored in order to devise alternative frameworks for training algorithms. Training is recast as a control problem and this allows us to formulate necessary optimality conditions in continuous time using the Pontryagin's maximum principle (PMP). A modificati...
computer science
7,157
Rethinking generalization requires revisiting old ideas: statistical mechanics approaches and complex learning behavior
cs.LG
We describe an approach to understand the peculiar and counterintuitive generalization properties of deep neural networks. The approach involves going beyond worst-case theoretical capacity control frameworks that have been popular in machine learning in recent years to revisit old ideas in the statistical mechanics of...
computer science
7,158
Big Data Classification Using Augmented Decision Trees
stat.ML
We present an algorithm for classification tasks on big data. Experiments conducted as part of this study indicate that the algorithm can be as accurate as ensemble methods such as random forests or gradient boosted trees. Unlike ensemble methods, the models produced by the algorithm can be easily interpreted. The algo...
computer science
7,159
Weighting Scheme for a Pairwise Multi-label Classifier Based on the Fuzzy Confusion Matrix
cs.LG
In this work we addressed the issue of applying a stochastic classifier and a local, fuzzy confusion matrix under the framework of multi-label classification. We proposed a novel solution to the problem of correcting label pairwise ensembles. The main step of the correction procedure is to compute classifier-specific c...
computer science
7,160
Joint Screening Tests for LASSO
cs.LG
This paper focusses on "safe" screening techniques for the LASSO problem. Motivated by the need for low-complexity algorithms, we propose a new approach, dubbed "joint" screening test, allowing to screen a set of atoms by carrying out one single test. The approach is particularized to two different sets of atoms, respe...
computer science
7,161
The Error Probability of Random Fourier Features is Dimensionality Independent
cs.LG
We show that the error probability of reconstructing kernel matrices from Random Fourier Features for the Gaussian kernel function is at most $\mathcal{O}(R^{2/3} \exp(-D))$, where $D$ is the number of random features and $R$ is the diameter of the data domain. We also provide an information-theoretic method-independen...
computer science
7,162
Generalization Tower Network: A Novel Deep Neural Network Architecture for Multi-Task Learning
cs.LG
Deep learning (DL) advances state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL), by incorporating deep neural networks in learning representations from the input to RL. However, the conventional deep neural network architecture is limited in learning representations for multi-task RL (MT-RL), as multiple tasks can refer to di...
computer science
7,163
Not-So-Random Features
cs.LG
We propose a principled method for kernel learning, which relies on a Fourier-analytic characterization of translation-invariant or rotation-invariant kernels. Our method produces a sequence of feature maps, iteratively refining the SVM margin. We provide rigorous guarantees for optimality and generalization, interpret...
computer science
7,164
A Self-Training Method for Semi-Supervised GANs
cs.LG
Since the creation of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), much work has been done to improve their training stability, their generated image quality, their range of application but nearly none of them explored their self-training potential. Self-training has been used before the advent of deep learning in order to ...
computer science
7,165
Revisit Fuzzy Neural Network: Demystifying Batch Normalization and ReLU with Generalized Hamming Network
cs.LG
We revisit fuzzy neural network with a cornerstone notion of generalized hamming distance, which provides a novel and theoretically justified framework to re-interpret many useful neural network techniques in terms of fuzzy logic. In particular, we conjecture and empirically illustrate that, the celebrated batch normal...
computer science
7,166
The Implicit Bias of Gradient Descent on Separable Data
stat.ML
We show that gradient descent on an unregularized logistic regression problem, for linearly separable datasets, converges to the direction of the max-margin (hard margin SVM) solution. The result generalizes also to other monotone decreasing loss functions with an infimum at infinity, to multi-class problems, and to tr...
computer science
7,167
Topology Adaptive Graph Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
Spectral graph convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require approximation to the convolution to alleviate the computational complexity, resulting in performance loss. This paper proposes the topology adaptive graph convolutional network (TAGCN), a novel graph convolutional network defined in the vertex domain. We provi...
computer science
7,168
Trainable back-propagated functional transfer matrices
cs.LG
Connections between nodes of fully connected neural networks are usually represented by weight matrices. In this article, functional transfer matrices are introduced as alternatives to the weight matrices: Instead of using real weights, a functional transfer matrix uses real functions with trainable parameters to repre...
computer science
7,169
Efficient Localized Inference for Large Graphical Models
stat.ML
We propose a new localized inference algorithm for answering marginalization queries in large graphical models with the correlation decay property. Given a query variable and a large graphical model, we define a much smaller model in a local region around the query variable in the target model so that the marginal dist...
computer science
7,170
Crime incidents embedding using restricted Boltzmann machines
stat.ML
We present a new approach for detecting related crime series, by unsupervised learning of the latent feature embeddings from narratives of crime record via the Gaussian-Bernoulli Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM). This is a drastically different approach from prior work on crime analysis, which typically considers on...
computer science
7,171
Interpretation of Neural Networks is Fragile
stat.ML
In order for machine learning to be deployed and trusted in many applications, it is crucial to be able to reliably explain why the machine learning algorithm makes certain predictions. For example, if an algorithm classifies a given pathology image to be a malignant tumor, then the doctor may need to know which parts ...
computer science
7,172
Stochastic Zeroth-order Optimization in High Dimensions
stat.ML
We consider the problem of optimizing a high-dimensional convex function using stochastic zeroth-order queries. Under sparsity assumptions on the gradients or function values, we present two algorithms: a successive component/feature selection algorithm and a noisy mirror descent algorithm using Lasso gradient estimate...
computer science
7,173
Stochastic Training of Graph Convolutional Networks with Variance Reduction
stat.ML
Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are powerful deep neural networks for graph-structured data. However, GCN computes the representation of a node recursively from its neighbors, making the receptive field size grow exponentially with the number of layers. Previous attempts on reducing the receptive field size by subs...
computer science
7,174
Weight Initialization of Deep Neural Networks(DNNs) using Data Statistics
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) form the backbone of almost every state-of-the-art technique in the fields such as computer vision, speech processing, and text analysis. The recent advances in computational technology have made the use of DNNs more practical. Despite the overwhelming performances by DNN and the advances in...
computer science
7,175
Certifiable Distributional Robustness with Principled Adversarial Training
stat.ML
Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples and researchers have proposed many heuristic attack and defense mechanisms. We take the principled view of distributionally robust optimization, which guarantees performance under adversarial input perturbations. By considering a Lagrangian penalty formulation of p...
computer science
7,176
Variational Continual Learning
stat.ML
This paper develops variational continual learning (VCL), a simple but general framework for continual learning that fuses online variational inference (VI) and recent advances in Monte Carlo VI for neural networks. The framework can successfully train both deep discriminative models and deep generative models in compl...
computer science
7,177
On the Consistency of Quick Shift
stat.ML
Quick Shift is a popular mode-seeking and clustering algorithm. We present finite sample statistical consistency guarantees for Quick Shift on mode and cluster recovery under mild distributional assumptions. We then apply our results to construct a consistent modal regression algorithm.
computer science
7,178
How deep learning works --The geometry of deep learning
cs.LG
Why and how that deep learning works well on different tasks remains a mystery from a theoretical perspective. In this paper we draw a geometric picture of the deep learning system by finding its analogies with two existing geometric structures, the geometry of quantum computations and the geometry of the diffeomorphic...
computer science
7,179
Unifying Value Iteration, Advantage Learning, and Dynamic Policy Programming
stat.ML
Approximate dynamic programming algorithms, such as approximate value iteration, have been successfully applied to many complex reinforcement learning tasks, and a better approximate dynamic programming algorithm is expected to further extend the applicability of reinforcement learning to various tasks. In this paper w...
computer science
7,180
Fast Linear Model for Knowledge Graph Embeddings
stat.ML
This paper shows that a simple baseline based on a Bag-of-Words (BoW) representation learns surprisingly good knowledge graph embeddings. By casting knowledge base completion and question answering as supervised classification problems, we observe that modeling co-occurences of entities and relations leads to state-of-...
computer science
7,181
Convergence Rates of Latent Topic Models Under Relaxed Identifiability Conditions
stat.ML
In this paper we study the frequentist convergence rate for the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Blei et al., 2003) topic models. We show that the maximum likelihood estimator converges to one of the finitely many equivalent parameters in Wasserstein's distance metric at a rate of $n^{-1/4}$ without assuming separability o...
computer science
7,182
Action-depedent Control Variates for Policy Optimization via Stein's Identity
stat.ML
Policy gradient methods have achieved remarkable successes in solving challenging reinforcement learning problems. However, it still often suffers from the large variance issue on policy gradient estimation, which leads to poor sample efficiency during training. In this work, we propose a control variate method to effe...
computer science
7,183
Critical Points of Neural Networks: Analytical Forms and Landscape Properties
stat.ML
Due to the success of deep learning to solving a variety of challenging machine learning tasks, there is a rising interest in understanding loss functions for training neural networks from a theoretical aspect. Particularly, the properties of critical points and the landscape around them are of importance to determine ...
computer science
7,184
Empirical analysis of non-linear activation functions for Deep Neural Networks in classification tasks
cs.LG
We provide an overview of several non-linear activation functions in a neural network architecture that have proven successful in many machine learning applications. We conduct an empirical analysis on the effectiveness of using these function on the MNIST classification task, with the aim of clarifying which functions...
computer science
7,185
Algorithmic learning of probability distributions from random data in the limit
cs.LG
We study the problem of identifying a probability distribution for some given randomly sampled data in the limit, in the context of algorithmic learning theory as proposed recently by Vinanyi and Chater. We show that there exists a computable partial learner for the computable probability measures, while by Bienvenu, M...
computer science
7,186
Tensor Regression Meets Gaussian Processes
cs.LG
Low-rank tensor regression, a new model class that learns high-order correlation from data, has recently received considerable attention. At the same time, Gaussian processes (GP) are well-studied machine learning models for structure learning. In this paper, we demonstrate interesting connections between the two, espe...
computer science
7,187
Semantic Interpolation in Implicit Models
cs.LG
In implicit models, one often interpolates between sampled points in latent space. As we show in this paper, care needs to be taken to match-up the distributional assumptions on code vectors with the geometry of the interpolating paths. Otherwise, typical assumptions about the quality and semantics of in-between points...
computer science
7,188
Flexible Prior Distributions for Deep Generative Models
cs.LG
We consider the problem of training generative models with deep neural networks as generators, i.e. to map latent codes to data points. Whereas the dominant paradigm combines simple priors over codes with complex deterministic models, we argue that it might be advantageous to use more flexible code distributions. We de...
computer science
7,189
Conditional Variance Penalties and Domain Shift Robustness
stat.ML
When training a deep network for image classification, one can broadly distinguish between two types of latent features of images that will drive the classification. Following the notation of Gong et al. (2016), we can divide latent features into (i) "core" features $X^\text{core}$ whose distribution $X^\text{core}\ver...
computer science
7,190
Compact Multi-Class Boosted Trees
stat.ML
Gradient boosted decision trees are a popular machine learning technique, in part because of their ability to give good accuracy with small models. We describe two extensions to the standard tree boosting algorithm designed to increase this advantage. The first improvement extends the boosting formalism from scalar-val...
computer science
7,191
TF Boosted Trees: A scalable TensorFlow based framework for gradient boosting
stat.ML
TF Boosted Trees (TFBT) is a new open-sourced frame-work for the distributed training of gradient boosted trees. It is based on TensorFlow, and its distinguishing features include a novel architecture, automatic loss differentiation, layer-by-layer boosting that results in smaller ensembles and faster prediction, princ...
computer science
7,192
Sampling and Reconstruction of Graph Signals via Weak Submodularity and Semidefinite Relaxation
stat.ML
We study the problem of sampling a bandlimited graph signal in the presence of noise, where the objective is to select a node subset of prescribed cardinality that minimizes the signal reconstruction mean squared error (MSE). To that end, we formulate the task at hand as the minimization of MSE subject to binary constr...
computer science
7,193
Deep Neural Networks as Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
It has long been known that a single-layer fully-connected neural network with an i.i.d. prior over its parameters is equivalent to a Gaussian process (GP), in the limit of infinite network width. This correspondence enables exact Bayesian inference for infinite width neural networks on regression tasks by means of eva...
computer science
7,194
Stochastic Variational Inference for Fully Bayesian Sparse Gaussian Process Regression Models
cs.LG
This paper presents a novel variational inference framework for deriving a family of Bayesian sparse Gaussian process regression (SGPR) models whose approximations are variationally optimal with respect to the full-rank GPR model enriched with various corresponding correlation structures of the observation noises. Ou...
computer science
7,195
Active Tolerant Testing
stat.ML
In this work, we give the first algorithms for tolerant testing of nontrivial classes in the active model: estimating the distance of a target function to a hypothesis class C with respect to some arbitrary distribution D, using only a small number of label queries to a polynomial-sized pool of unlabeled examples drawn...
computer science
7,196
Attacking Binarized Neural Networks
cs.LG
Neural networks with low-precision weights and activations offer compelling efficiency advantages over their full-precision equivalents. The two most frequently discussed benefits of quantization are reduced memory consumption, and a faster forward pass when implemented with efficient bitwise operations. We propose a t...
computer science
7,197
Fixing a Broken ELBO
cs.LG
Recent work in unsupervised representation learning has focused on learning deep directed latent-variable models. Fitting these models by maximizing the marginal likelihood or evidence is typically intractable, thus a common approximation is to maximize the evidence lower bound (ELBO) instead. However, maximum likeliho...
computer science
7,198
Candidates v.s. Noises Estimation for Large Multi-Class Classification Problem
stat.ML
This paper proposes a method for multi-class classification problems, where the number of classes $K$ is large. The method, referred to as {\em Candidates v.s. Noises Estimation} (CANE), selects a small subset of candidate classes and samples the remaining classes. We show that CANE is always consistent and computation...
computer science
7,199
Concave losses for robust dictionary learning
cs.LG
Traditional dictionary learning methods are based on quadratic convex loss function and thus are sensitive to outliers. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for robust dictionary learning based on concave losses. We provide results on composition of concave functions, notably regarding super-gradient computati...
computer science