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Locally Smoothed Neural Networks
cs.LG
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and the locally connected layer are limited in capturing the importance and relations of different local receptive fields, which are often crucial for tasks such as face verification, visual question answering, and word sequence prediction. To tackle the issue, we propose a novel loc...
computer science
7,301
Hypergraph $p$-Laplacian: A Differential Geometry View
stat.ML
The graph Laplacian plays key roles in information processing of relational data, and has analogies with the Laplacian in differential geometry. In this paper, we generalize the analogy between graph Laplacian and differential geometry to the hypergraph setting, and propose a novel hypergraph $p$-Laplacian. Unlike the ...
computer science
7,302
Adversarial Phenomenon in the Eyes of Bayesian Deep Learning
stat.ML
Deep Learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, i.e.\ images obtained via deliberate imperceptible perturbations, such that the model misclassifies them with high confidence. However, class confidence by itself is an incomplete picture of uncertainty. We therefore use principled Bayesian methods to capture...
computer science
7,303
Decomposition Strategies for Constructive Preference Elicitation
stat.ML
We tackle the problem of constructive preference elicitation, that is the problem of learning user preferences over very large decision problems, involving a combinatorial space of possible outcomes. In this setting, the suggested configuration is synthesized on-the-fly by solving a constrained optimization problem, wh...
computer science
7,304
GraphGAN: Graph Representation Learning with Generative Adversarial Nets
cs.LG
The goal of graph representation learning is to embed each vertex in a graph into a low-dimensional vector space. Existing graph representation learning methods can be classified into two categories: generative models that learn the underlying connectivity distribution in the graph, and discriminative models that predi...
computer science
7,305
Utilizing artificial neural networks to predict demand for weather-sensitive products at retail stores
cs.LG
One key requirement for effective supply chain management is the quality of its inventory management. Various inventory management methods are typically employed for different types of products based on their demand patterns, product attributes, and supply network. In this paper, our goal is to develop robust demand pr...
computer science
7,306
Likelihood Almost Free Inference Networks
cs.LG
Variational inference for latent variable models is prevalent in various machine learning problems, typically solved by maximizing the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO) of the true data likelihood with respect to a variational distribution. However, freely enriching the family of variational distribution is challenging since...
computer science
7,307
From Monte Carlo to Las Vegas: Improving Restricted Boltzmann Machine Training Through Stopping Sets
cs.LG
We propose a Las Vegas transformation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimators of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). We denote our approach Markov Chain Las Vegas (MCLV). MCLV gives statistical guarantees in exchange for random running times. MCLV uses a stopping set built from the training data and has maximum...
computer science
7,308
An Improved Training Procedure for Neural Autoregressive Data Completion
cs.LG
Neural autoregressive models are explicit density estimators that achieve state-of-the-art likelihoods for generative modeling. The D-dimensional data distribution is factorized into an autoregressive product of one-dimensional conditional distributions according to the chain rule. Data completion is a more involved ta...
computer science
7,309
IVE-GAN: Invariant Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a powerful framework for generative tasks. However, they are difficult to train and tend to miss modes of the true data generation process. Although GANs can learn a rich representation of the covered modes of the data in their latent space, the framework misses an inverse map...
computer science
7,310
Diversity-Promoting Bayesian Learning of Latent Variable Models
cs.LG
To address three important issues involved in latent variable models (LVMs), including capturing infrequent patterns, achieving small-sized but expressive models and alleviating overfitting, several studies have been devoted to "diversifying" LVMs, which aim at encouraging the components in LVMs to be diverse. Most exi...
computer science
7,311
Invariance of Weight Distributions in Rectified MLPs
cs.LG
An interesting approach to analyzing and developing tools for neural networks that has received renewed attention is to examine the equivalent kernel of the neural network. This is based on the fact that a fully connected feedforward network with one hidden layer, a certain weight distribution, an activation function, ...
computer science
7,312
Demystifying AlphaGo Zero as AlphaGo GAN
cs.LG
The astonishing success of AlphaGo Zero\cite{Silver_AlphaGo} invokes a worldwide discussion of the future of our human society with a mixed mood of hope, anxiousness, excitement and fear. We try to dymystify AlphaGo Zero by a qualitative analysis to indicate that AlphaGo Zero can be understood as a specially structured...
computer science
7,313
Quantifying the Effects of Enforcing Disentanglement on Variational Autoencoders
stat.ML
The notion of disentangled autoencoders was proposed as an extension to the variational autoencoder by introducing a disentanglement parameter $\beta$, controlling the learning pressure put on the possible underlying latent representations. For certain values of $\beta$ this kind of autoencoders is capable of encoding ...
computer science
7,314
JADE: Joint Autoencoders for Dis-Entanglement
cs.LG
The problem of feature disentanglement has been explored in the literature, for the purpose of image and video processing and text analysis. State-of-the-art methods for disentangling feature representations rely on the presence of many labeled samples. In this work, we present a novel method for disentangling factors ...
computer science
7,315
Feature Selection Facilitates Learning Mixtures of Discrete Product Distributions
stat.ML
Feature selection can facilitate the learning of mixtures of discrete random variables as they arise, e.g. in crowdsourcing tasks. Intuitively, not all workers are equally reliable but, if the less reliable ones could be eliminated, then learning should be more robust. By analogy with Gaussian mixture models, we seek a...
computer science
7,316
Malaria Likelihood Prediction By Effectively Surveying Households Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
We build a deep reinforcement learning (RL) agent that can predict the likelihood of an individual testing positive for malaria by asking questions about their household. The RL agent learns to determine which survey question to ask next and when to stop to make a prediction about their likelihood of malaria based on t...
computer science
7,317
An Adaptive Strategy for Active Learning with Smooth Decision Boundary
stat.ML
We present the first adaptive strategy for active learning in the setting of classification with smooth decision boundary. The problem of adaptivity (to unknown distributional parameters) has remained opened since the seminal work of Castro and Nowak (2007), which first established (active learning) rates for this sett...
computer science
7,318
Learning Less-Overlapping Representations
cs.LG
In representation learning (RL), how to make the learned representations easy to interpret and less overfitted to training data are two important but challenging issues. To address these problems, we study a new type of regulariza- tion approach that encourages the supports of weight vectors in RL models to have small ...
computer science
7,319
Inference of Spatio-Temporal Functions over Graphs via Multi-Kernel Kriged Kalman Filtering
cs.LG
Inference of space-time varying signals on graphs emerges naturally in a plethora of network science related applications. A frequently encountered challenge pertains to reconstructing such dynamic processes, given their values over a subset of vertices and time instants. The present paper develops a graph-aware kernel...
computer science
7,320
Training Confidence-calibrated Classifiers for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples
stat.ML
The problem of detecting whether a test sample is from in-distribution (i.e., training distribution by a classifier) or out-of-distribution sufficiently different from it arises in many real-world machine learning applications. However, the state-of-art deep neural networks are known to be highly overconfident in their...
computer science
7,321
Highly Efficient Human Action Recognition with Quantum Genetic Algorithm Optimized Support Vector Machine
stat.ML
In this paper we propose the use of quantum genetic algorithm to optimize the support vector machine (SVM) for human action recognition. The Microsoft Kinect sensor can be used for skeleton tracking, which provides the joints' position data. However, how to extract the motion features for representing the dynamics of a...
computer science
7,322
Learning with Biased Complementary Labels
stat.ML
In this paper we study the classification problem in which we have access to easily obtainable surrogate for the true labels, namely complementary labels, which specify classes that observations do \textbf{not} belong to. For example, if one is familiar with monkeys but not meerkats, a meerkat is easily identified as n...
computer science
7,323
One-Shot Coresets: The Case of k-Clustering
stat.ML
Scaling clustering algorithms to massive data sets is a challenging task. Recently, several successful approaches based on data summarization methods, such as coresets and sketches, were proposed. While these techniques provide provably good and small summaries, they are inherently problem dependent - the practitioner ...
computer science
7,324
Data Dependent Kernel Approximation using Pseudo Random Fourier Features
cs.LG
Kernel methods are powerful and flexible approach to solve many problems in machine learning. Due to the pairwise evaluations in kernel methods, the complexity of kernel computation grows as the data size increases; thus the applicability of kernel methods is limited for large scale datasets. Random Fourier Features (R...
computer science
7,325
Adversary Detection in Neural Networks via Persistent Homology
cs.LG
We outline a detection method for adversarial inputs to deep neural networks. By viewing neural network computations as graphs upon which information flows from input space to out- put distribution, we compare the differences in graphs induced by different inputs. Specifically, by applying persistent homology to these ...
computer science
7,326
Predicting Adolescent Suicide Attempts with Neural Networks
stat.ML
Though suicide is a major public health problem in the US, machine learning methods are not commonly used to predict an individual's risk of attempting/committing suicide. In the present work, starting with an anonymized collection of electronic health records for 522,056 unique, California-resident adolescents, we dev...
computer science
7,327
Variational Inference for Gaussian Process Models with Linear Complexity
stat.ML
Large-scale Gaussian process inference has long faced practical challenges due to time and space complexity that is superlinear in dataset size. While sparse variational Gaussian process models are capable of learning from large-scale data, standard strategies for sparsifying the model can prevent the approximation of ...
computer science
7,328
Snorkel: Rapid Training Data Creation with Weak Supervision
cs.LG
Labeling training data is increasingly the largest bottleneck in deploying machine learning systems. We present Snorkel, a first-of-its-kind system that enables users to train state-of-the-art models without hand labeling any training data. Instead, users write labeling functions that express arbitrary heuristics, whic...
computer science
7,329
Topological Recurrent Neural Network for Diffusion Prediction
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the problem of using representation learning to assist information diffusion prediction on graphs. In particular, we aim at estimating the probability of an inactive node to be activated next in a cascade. Despite the success of recent deep learning methods for diffusion, we find that they often...
computer science
7,330
Semi-supervised learning of hierarchical representations of molecules using neural message passing
stat.ML
With the rapid increase of compound databases available in medicinal and material science, there is a growing need for learning representations of molecules in a semi-supervised manner. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised hierarchical feature extraction algorithm for molecules (or more generally, graph-structured...
computer science
7,331
Hierarchical Policy Search via Return-Weighted Density Estimation
cs.LG
Learning an optimal policy from a multi-modal reward function is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Hierarchical RL (HRL) tackles this problem by learning a hierarchical policy, where multiple option policies are in charge of different strategies corresponding to modes of a reward function and a gati...
computer science
7,332
Are GANs Created Equal? A Large-Scale Study
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks (GAN) are a powerful subclass of generative models. Despite a very rich research activity leading to numerous interesting GAN algorithms, it is still very hard to assess which algorithm(s) perform better than others. We conduct a neutral, multi-faceted large-scale empirical study on stat...
computer science
7,333
Kernel-based Inference of Functions over Graphs
stat.ML
The study of networks has witnessed an explosive growth over the past decades with several ground-breaking methods introduced. A particularly interesting -- and prevalent in several fields of study -- problem is that of inferring a function defined over the nodes of a network. This work presents a versatile kernel-base...
computer science
7,334
Plan, Attend, Generate: Planning for Sequence-to-Sequence Models
cs.LG
We investigate the integration of a planning mechanism into sequence-to-sequence models using attention. We develop a model which can plan ahead in the future when it computes its alignments between input and output sequences, constructing a matrix of proposed future alignments and a commitment vector that governs whet...
computer science
7,335
Contextual Outlier Interpretation
cs.LG
Outlier detection plays an essential role in many data-driven applications to identify isolated instances that are different from the majority. While many statistical learning and data mining techniques have been used for developing more effective outlier detection algorithms, the interpretation of detected outliers do...
computer science
7,336
Introduction to Tensor Decompositions and their Applications in Machine Learning
stat.ML
Tensors are multidimensional arrays of numerical values and therefore generalize matrices to multiple dimensions. While tensors first emerged in the psychometrics community in the $20^{\text{th}}$ century, they have since then spread to numerous other disciplines, including machine learning. Tensors and their decomposi...
computer science
7,337
Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Learning with Prototypical Networks
cs.LG
We consider the problem of semi-supervised few-shot classification (when the few labeled samples are accompanied with unlabeled data) and show how to adapt the Prototypical Networks to this problem. We first show that using larger and better regularized prototypical networks can improve the classification accuracy. We ...
computer science
7,338
Causality Refined Diagnostic Prediction
cs.LG
Applying machine learning in the health care domain has shown promising results in recent years. Interpretable outputs from learning algorithms are desirable for decision making by health care personnel. In this work, we explore the possibility of utilizing causal relationships to refine diagnostic prediction. We focus...
computer science
7,339
NPC: Neighbors Progressive Competition Algorithm for Classification of Imbalanced Data Sets
cs.LG
Learning from many real-world datasets is limited by a problem called the class imbalance problem. A dataset is imbalanced when one class (the majority class) has significantly more samples than the other class (the minority class). Such datasets cause typical machine learning algorithms to perform poorly on the classi...
computer science
7,340
GANs for LIFE: Generative Adversarial Networks for Likelihood Free Inference
cs.LG
We introduce a framework using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for likelihood--free inference (LFI) and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). Our approach addresses both the key problems in likelihood--free inference, namely how to compare distributions and how to efficiently explore the parameter space. Our f...
computer science
7,341
State Space LSTM Models with Particle MCMC Inference
cs.LG
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is one of the most powerful sequence models. Despite the strong performance, however, it lacks the nice interpretability as in state space models. In this paper, we present a way to combine the best of both worlds by introducing State Space LSTM (SSL) models that generalizes the earlier wo...
computer science
7,342
Towards Accurate Binary Convolutional Neural Network
cs.LG
We introduce a novel scheme to train binary convolutional neural networks (CNNs) -- CNNs with weights and activations constrained to {-1,+1} at run-time. It has been known that using binary weights and activations drastically reduce memory size and accesses, and can replace arithmetic operations with more efficient bit...
computer science
7,343
Improved Linear Embeddings via Lagrange Duality
stat.ML
Near isometric orthogonal embeddings to lower dimensions are a fundamental tool in data science and machine learning. In this paper, we present the construction of such embeddings that minimizes the maximum distortion for a given set of points. We formulate the problem as a non convex constrained optimization problem. ...
computer science
7,344
Learning to Adapt by Minimizing Discrepancy
cs.LG
We explore whether useful temporal neural generative models can be learned from sequential data without back-propagation through time. We investigate the viability of a more neurocognitively-grounded approach in the context of unsupervised generative modeling of sequences. Specifically, we build on the concept of predi...
computer science
7,345
Measuring the tendency of CNNs to Learn Surface Statistical Regularities
cs.LG
Deep CNNs are known to exhibit the following peculiarity: on the one hand they generalize extremely well to a test set, while on the other hand they are extremely sensitive to so-called adversarial perturbations. The extreme sensitivity of high performance CNNs to adversarial examples casts serious doubt that these net...
computer science
7,346
Modeling Information Flow Through Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
This paper proposes a principled information theoretic analysis of classification for deep neural network structures, e.g. convolutional neural networks (CNN). The output of convolutional filters is modeled as a random variable Y conditioned on the object class C and network filter bank F. The conditional entropy (CENT...
computer science
7,347
Highrisk Prediction from Electronic Medical Records via Deep Attention Networks
cs.LG
Predicting highrisk vascular diseases is a significant issue in the medical domain. Most predicting methods predict the prognosis of patients from pathological and radiological measurements, which are expensive and require much time to be analyzed. Here we propose deep attention models that predict the onset of the hig...
computer science
7,348
Feature discovery and visualization of robot mission data using convolutional autoencoders and Bayesian nonparametric topic models
cs.LG
The gap between our ability to collect interesting data and our ability to analyze these data is growing at an unprecedented rate. Recent algorithmic attempts to fill this gap have employed unsupervised tools to discover structure in data. Some of the most successful approaches have used probabilistic models to uncover...
computer science
7,349
An interpretable latent variable model for attribute applicability in the Amazon catalogue
stat.ML
Learning attribute applicability of products in the Amazon catalog (e.g., predicting that a shoe should have a value for size, but not for battery-type at scale is a challenge. The need for an interpretable model is contingent on (1) the lack of ground truth training data, (2) the need to utilise prior information abou...
computer science
7,350
Generative Adversarial Networks for Electronic Health Records: A Framework for Exploring and Evaluating Methods for Predicting Drug-Induced Laboratory Test Trajectories
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) represent a promising class of generative networks that combine neural networks with game theory. From generating realistic images and videos to assisting musical creation, GANs are transforming many fields of arts and sciences. However, their application to healthcare has not bee...
computer science
7,351
Minimally Faithful Inversion of Graphical Models
stat.ML
Inference amortization methods allow the sharing of statistical strength across related observations when learning to perform posterior inference. Generally this requires the inversion of the dependency structure in the generative model, as the modeller must design and learn a distribution to approximate the posterior....
computer science
7,352
Deep Learning with Permutation-invariant Operator for Multi-instance Histopathology Classification
cs.LG
The computer-aided analysis of medical scans is a longstanding goal in the medical imaging field. Currently, deep learning has became a dominant methodology for supporting pathologists and radiologist. Deep learning algorithms have been successfully applied to digital pathology and radiology, nevertheless, there are st...
computer science
7,353
Group Sparse Bayesian Learning for Active Surveillance on Epidemic Dynamics
stat.ML
Predicting epidemic dynamics is of great value in understanding and controlling diffusion processes, such as infectious disease spread and information propagation. This task is intractable, especially when surveillance resources are very limited. To address the challenge, we study the problem of active surveillance, i....
computer science
7,354
Deep Learning Scaling is Predictable, Empirically
cs.LG
Deep learning (DL) creates impactful advances following a virtuous recipe: model architecture search, creating large training data sets, and scaling computation. It is widely believed that growing training sets and models should improve accuracy and result in better products. As DL application domains grow, we would li...
computer science
7,355
Deep Neural Network Architectures for Modulation Classification
cs.LG
In this work, we investigate the value of employing deep learning for the task of wireless signal modulation recognition. Recently in [1], a framework has been introduced by generating a dataset using GNU radio that mimics the imperfections in a real wireless channel, and uses 10 different modulation types. Further, a ...
computer science
7,356
Subject Selection on a Riemannian Manifold for Unsupervised Cross-subject Seizure Detection
cs.LG
Inter-subject variability between individuals poses a challenge in inter-subject brain signal analysis problems. A new algorithm for subject-selection based on clustering covariance matrices on a Riemannian manifold is proposed. After unsupervised selection of the subsets of relevant subjects, data in a cluster is mapp...
computer science
7,357
Prediction-Constrained Topic Models for Antidepressant Recommendation
cs.LG
Supervisory signals can help topic models discover low-dimensional data representations that are more interpretable for clinical tasks. We propose a framework for training supervised latent Dirichlet allocation that balances two goals: faithful generative explanations of high-dimensional data and accurate prediction of...
computer science
7,358
A global feature extraction model for the effective computer aided diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment using structural MRI images
stat.ML
Multiple modalities of biomarkers have been proved to be very sensitive in assessing the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and using these modalities and machine learning algorithms, several approaches have been proposed to assist in the early diagnosis of AD. Among the recent investigated state-of-the-art appro...
computer science
7,359
Where Classification Fails, Interpretation Rises
cs.LG
An intriguing property of deep neural networks is their inherent vulnerability to adversarial inputs, which significantly hinders their application in security-critical domains. Most existing detection methods attempt to use carefully engineered patterns to distinguish adversarial inputs from their genuine counterparts...
computer science
7,360
Supervised Hashing based on Energy Minimization
cs.LG
Recently, supervised hashing methods have attracted much attention since they can optimize retrieval speed and storage cost while preserving semantic information. Because hashing codes learning is NP-hard, many methods resort to some form of relaxation technique. But the performance of these methods can easily deterior...
computer science
7,361
Short-term Mortality Prediction for Elderly Patients Using Medicare Claims Data
stat.ML
Risk prediction is central to both clinical medicine and public health. While many machine learning models have been developed to predict mortality, they are rarely applied in the clinical literature, where classification tasks typically rely on logistic regression. One reason for this is that existing machine learning...
computer science
7,362
Learning Independent Causal Mechanisms
cs.LG
Statistical learning relies upon data sampled from a distribution, and we usually do not care what actually generated it in the first place. From the point of view of causal modeling, the structure of each distribution is induced by physical mechanisms that give rise to dependencies between observables. Mechanisms, how...
computer science
7,363
Vprop: Variational Inference using RMSprop
stat.ML
Many computationally-efficient methods for Bayesian deep learning rely on continuous optimization algorithms, but the implementation of these methods requires significant changes to existing code-bases. In this paper, we propose Vprop, a method for Gaussian variational inference that can be implemented with two minor c...
computer science
7,364
Adaptive Quantization for Deep Neural Network
cs.LG
In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been rapidly developed in various applications, together with increasingly complex architectures. The performance gain of these DNNs generally comes with high computational costs and large memory consumption, which may not be affordable for mobile platforms. Deep model q...
computer science
7,365
Stochastic Maximum Likelihood Optimization via Hypernetworks
stat.ML
This work explores maximum likelihood optimization of neural networks through hypernetworks. A hypernetwork initializes the weights of another network, which in turn can be employed for typical functional tasks such as regression and classification. We optimize hypernetworks to directly maximize the conditional likelih...
computer science
7,366
Episodic memory for continual model learning
cs.LG
Both the human brain and artificial learning agents operating in real-world or comparably complex environments are faced with the challenge of online model selection. In principle this challenge can be overcome: hierarchical Bayesian inference provides a principled method for model selection and it converges on the sam...
computer science
7,367
A dual framework for trace norm regularized low-rank tensor completion
cs.LG
One of the popular approaches for low-rank tensor completion is to use the latent trace norm as a low-rank regularizer. However, most of the existing works learn a sparse combination of tensors. In this work, we fill this gap by proposing a variant of the latent trace norm which helps to learn a non-sparse combination ...
computer science
7,368
Learning Sparse Neural Networks through $L_0$ Regularization
stat.ML
We propose a practical method for $L_0$ norm regularization for neural networks: pruning the network during training by encouraging weights to become exactly zero. Such regularization is interesting since (1) it can greatly speed up training and inference, and (2) it can improve generalization. AIC and BIC, well-known ...
computer science
7,369
Gaussian Process bandits with adaptive discretization
stat.ML
In this paper, the problem of maximizing a black-box function $f:\mathcal{X} \to \mathbb{R}$ is studied in the Bayesian framework with a Gaussian Process (GP) prior. In particular, a new algorithm for this problem is proposed, and high probability bounds on its simple and cumulative regret are established. The query po...
computer science
7,370
Deep linear neural networks with arbitrary loss: All local minima are global
cs.LG
We consider deep linear networks with arbitrary differentiable loss. We provide a short and elementary proof of the following fact: all local minima are global minima if each hidden layer is wider than either the input or output layer.
computer science
7,371
Learning Pain from Action Unit Combinations: A Weakly Supervised Approach via Multiple Instance Learning
cs.LG
Patient pain can be detected highly reliably from facial expressions using a set of facial muscle-based action units (AUs) defined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). A key characteristic of facial expression of pain is the simultaneous occurrence of pain-related AU combinations, whose automated detection would ...
computer science
7,372
Learning a Generative Model for Validity in Complex Discrete Structures
stat.ML
Deep generative models have been successfully used to learn representations for high-dimensional discrete spaces by representing discrete objects as sequences, for which powerful sequence-based deep models can be employed. Unfortunately, these techniques are significantly hindered by the fact that these generative mode...
computer science
7,373
Differentially Private Dropout
stat.ML
Large data collections required for the training of neural networks often contain sensitive information such as the medical histories of patients, and the privacy of the training data must be preserved. In this paper, we introduce a dropout technique that provides an elegant Bayesian interpretation to dropout, and show...
computer science
7,374
A trans-disciplinary review of deep learning research for water resources scientists
stat.ML
Deep learning (DL), a new-generation artificial neural network research, has made profound strides in recent years. This review paper is intended to provide water resources scientists with a simple technical overview, trans-disciplinary progress update, and potentially inspirations about DL. Effective architectures, mo...
computer science
7,375
SGAN: An Alternative Training of Generative Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
The Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive performance for data synthesis, and are now used in a wide range of computer vision tasks. In spite of this success, they gained a reputation for being difficult to train, what results in a time-consuming and human-involved development process to u...
computer science
7,376
Noisy Natural Gradient as Variational Inference
cs.LG
Variational Bayesian neural nets combine the flexibility of deep learning with Bayesian uncertainty estimation. Unfortunately, there is a tradeoff between cheap but simple variational families (e.g.~fully factorized) or expensive and complicated inference procedures. We show that natural gradient ascent with adaptive w...
computer science
7,377
Cost-sensitive detection with variational autoencoders for environmental acoustic sensing
stat.ML
Environmental acoustic sensing involves the retrieval and processing of audio signals to better understand our surroundings. While large-scale acoustic data make manual analysis infeasible, they provide a suitable playground for machine learning approaches. Most existing machine learning techniques developed for enviro...
computer science
7,378
Gini-regularized Optimal Transport with an Application to Spatio-Temporal Forecasting
stat.ML
Rapidly growing product lines and services require a finer-granularity forecast that considers geographic locales. However the open question remains, how to assess the quality of a spatio-temporal forecast? In this manuscript we introduce a metric to evaluate spatio-temporal forecasts. This metric is based on an Opti- ...
computer science
7,379
Differentially Private Variational Dropout
stat.ML
Deep neural networks with their large number of parameters are highly flexible learning systems. The high flexibility in such networks brings with some serious problems such as overfitting, and regularization is used to address this problem. A currently popular and effective regularization technique for controlling the...
computer science
7,380
AdaComp : Adaptive Residual Gradient Compression for Data-Parallel Distributed Training
cs.LG
Highly distributed training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on future compute platforms (offering 100 of TeraOps/s of computational capacity) is expected to be severely communication constrained. To overcome this limitation, new gradient compression techniques are needed that are computationally friendly, applicable to ...
computer science
7,381
RelNN: A Deep Neural Model for Relational Learning
stat.ML
Statistical relational AI (StarAI) aims at reasoning and learning in noisy domains described in terms of objects and relationships by combining probability with first-order logic. With huge advances in deep learning in the current years, combining deep networks with first-order logic has been the focus of several recen...
computer science
7,382
On Adaptive Estimation for Dynamic Bernoulli Bandits
stat.ML
The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is a classic example of the exploration-exploitation dilemma. It is concerned with maximising the total rewards for a gambler by sequentially pulling an arm from a multi-armed slot machine where each arm is associated with a reward distribution. In static MABs, the reward distributi...
computer science
7,383
Neumann Optimizer: A Practical Optimization Algorithm for Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Progress in deep learning is slowed by the days or weeks it takes to train large models. The natural solution of using more hardware is limited by diminishing returns, and leads to inefficient use of additional resources. In this paper, we present a large batch, stochastic optimization algorithm that is both faster tha...
computer science
7,384
Cost-Sensitive Approach to Batch Size Adaptation for Gradient Descent
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically determine the batch size in stochastic gradient descent methods. The choice of the batch size induces a trade-off between the accuracy of the gradient estimate and the cost in terms of samples of each update. We propose to determine the batch size by optimizin...
computer science
7,385
Capsule Network Performance on Complex Data
stat.ML
In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have played an important role in the field of deep learning. Variants of CNN's have proven to be very successful in classification tasks across different domains. However, there are two big drawbacks to CNN's: their failure to take into account of important spatial h...
computer science
7,386
DGCNN: Disordered Graph Convolutional Neural Network Based on the Gaussian Mixture Model
cs.LG
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be applied to graph similarity matching, in which case they are called graph CNNs. Graph CNNs are attracting increasing attention due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, the existing convolution approaches focus only on regular data forms and require the transfer of ...
computer science
7,387
Gradient Normalization & Depth Based Decay For Deep Learning
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce a novel method of gradient normalization and decay with respect to depth. Our method leverages the simple concept of normalizing all gradients in a deep neural network, and then decaying said gradients with respect to their depth in the network. Our proposed normalization and decay techniques...
computer science
7,388
On Quadratic Penalties in Elastic Weight Consolidation
stat.ML
Elastic weight consolidation (EWC, Kirkpatrick et al, 2017) is a novel algorithm designed to safeguard against catastrophic forgetting in neural networks. EWC can be seen as an approximation to Laplace propagation (Eskin et al, 2004), and this view is consistent with the motivation given by Kirkpatrick et al (2017). In...
computer science
7,389
GibbsNet: Iterative Adversarial Inference for Deep Graphical Models
stat.ML
Directed latent variable models that formulate the joint distribution as $p(x,z) = p(z) p(x \mid z)$ have the advantage of fast and exact sampling. However, these models have the weakness of needing to specify $p(z)$, often with a simple fixed prior that limits the expressiveness of the model. Undirected latent variabl...
computer science
7,390
Outlier Detection by Consistent Data Selection Method
cs.LG
Often the challenge associated with tasks like fraud and spam detection[1] is the lack of all likely patterns needed to train suitable supervised learning models. In order to overcome this limitation, such tasks are attempted as outlier or anomaly detection tasks. We also hypothesize that out- liers have behavioral pat...
computer science
7,391
Transportation analysis of denoising autoencoders: a novel method for analyzing deep neural networks
cs.LG
The feature map obtained from the denoising autoencoder (DAE) is investigated by determining transportation dynamics of the DAE, which is a cornerstone for deep learning. Despite the rapid development in its application, deep neural networks remain analytically unexplained, because the feature maps are nested and param...
computer science
7,392
Temporal Stability in Predictive Process Monitoring
cs.LG
Predictive business process monitoring is concerned with the analysis of events produced during the execution of a business process in order to predict as early as possible the final outcome of an ongoing case. Traditionally, predictive process monitoring methods are optimized with respect to accuracy. However, in envi...
computer science
7,393
Predicting Yelp Star Reviews Based on Network Structure with Deep Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we tackle the real-world problem of predicting Yelp star-review rating based on business features (such as images, descriptions), user features (average previous ratings), and, of particular interest, network properties (which businesses has a user rated before). We compare multiple models on different s...
computer science
7,394
CUSBoost: Cluster-based Under-sampling with Boosting for Imbalanced Classification
cs.LG
Class imbalance classification is a challenging research problem in data mining and machine learning, as most of the real-life datasets are often imbalanced in nature. Existing learning algorithms maximise the classification accuracy by correctly classifying the majority class, but misclassify the minority class. Howev...
computer science
7,395
Integrated Model, Batch and Domain Parallelism in Training Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose a new integrated method of exploiting model, batch and domain parallelism for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) on large distributed-memory computers using minibatch stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Our goal is to find an efficient parallelization strategy for a fixed batch size using $P$ process...
computer science
7,396
Practical Bayesian optimization in the presence of outliers
cs.LG
Inference in the presence of outliers is an important field of research as outliers are ubiquitous and may arise across a variety of problems and domains. Bayesian optimization is method that heavily relies on probabilistic inference. This allows outstanding sample efficiency because the probabilistic machinery provide...
computer science
7,397
Stochastic Low-Rank Bandits
cs.LG
Many problems in computer vision and recommender systems involve low-rank matrices. In this work, we study the problem of finding the maximum entry of a stochastic low-rank matrix from sequential observations. At each step, a learning agent chooses pairs of row and column arms, and receives the noisy product of their l...
computer science
7,398
Stability Selection for Structured Variable Selection
stat.ML
In variable or graph selection problems, finding a right-sized model or controlling the number of false positives is notoriously difficult. Recently, a meta-algorithm called Stability Selection was proposed that can provide reliable finite-sample control of the number of false positives. Its benefits were demonstrated ...
computer science
7,399
Exponential convergence of testing error for stochastic gradient methods
cs.LG
We consider binary classification problems with positive definite kernels and square loss, and study the convergence rates of stochastic gradient methods. We show that while the excess testing loss (squared loss) converges slowly to zero as the number of observations (and thus iterations) goes to infinity, the testing ...
computer science