Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
7,200
A Universal Marginalizer for Amortized Inference in Generative Models
cs.LG
We consider the problem of inference in a causal generative model where the set of available observations differs between data instances. We show how combining samples drawn from the graphical model with an appropriate masking function makes it possible to train a single neural network to approximate all the correspond...
computer science
7,201
Network-size independent covering number bounds for deep networks
cs.LG
We give a covering number bound for deep learning networks that is independent of the size of the network. The key for the simple analysis is that for linear classifiers, rotating the data doesn't affect the covering number. Thus, we can ignore the rotation part of each layer's linear transformation, and get the coveri...
computer science
7,202
Oversampling for Imbalanced Learning Based on K-Means and SMOTE
cs.LG
Learning from class-imbalanced data continues to be a common and challenging problem in supervised learning as standard classification algorithms are designed to handle balanced class distributions. While different strategies exist to tackle this problem, methods which generate artificial data to achieve a balanced cla...
computer science
7,203
Generalized Probabilistic Bisection for Stochastic Root-Finding
stat.ML
We consider numerical schemes for root finding of noisy responses through generalizing the Probabilistic Bisection Algorithm (PBA) to the more practical context where the sampling distribution is unknown and location-dependent. As in standard PBA, we rely on a knowledge state for the approximate posterior of the root l...
computer science
7,204
The (Un)reliability of saliency methods
stat.ML
Saliency methods aim to explain the predictions of deep neural networks. These methods lack reliability when the explanation is sensitive to factors that do not contribute to the model prediction. We use a simple and common pre-processing step ---adding a constant shift to the input data--- to show that a transformatio...
computer science
7,205
Beyond normality: Learning sparse probabilistic graphical models in the non-Gaussian setting
cs.LG
We present an algorithm to identify sparse dependence structure in continuous and non-Gaussian probability distributions, given a corresponding set of data. The conditional independence structure of an arbitrary distribution can be represented as an undirected graph (or Markov random field), but most algorithms for lea...
computer science
7,206
Policy Optimization by Genetic Distillation
stat.ML
Genetic algorithms have been widely used in many practical optimization problems. Inspired by natural selection, operators, including mutation, crossover and selection, provide effective heuristics for search and black-box optimization. However, they have not been shown useful for deep reinforcement learning, possibly ...
computer science
7,207
Structured Variational Inference for Coupled Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
Sparse variational approximations allow for principled and scalable inference in Gaussian Process (GP) models. In settings where several GPs are part of the generative model, theses GPs are a posteriori coupled. For many applications such as regression where predictive accuracy is the quantity of interest, this couplin...
computer science
7,208
Metrics for Deep Generative Models
stat.ML
Neural samplers such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) or generative adversarial networks (GANs) approximate distributions by transforming samples from a simple random source---the latent space---to samples from a more complex distribution represented by a dataset. While the manifold hypothesis implies that the densit...
computer science
7,209
Implicit Weight Uncertainty in Neural Networks
stat.ML
We interpret HyperNetworks within the framework of variational inference within implicit distributions. Our method, Bayes by Hypernet, is able to model a richer variational distribution than previous methods. Experiments show that it achieves comparable predictive performance on the MNIST classification task while prov...
computer science
7,210
Distribution-Preserving k-Anonymity
stat.ML
Preserving the privacy of individuals by protecting their sensitive attributes is an important consideration during microdata release. However, it is equally important to preserve the quality or utility of the data for at least some targeted workloads. We propose a novel framework for privacy preservation based on the ...
computer science
7,211
Wasserstein Auto-Encoders
stat.ML
We propose the Wasserstein Auto-Encoder (WAE)---a new algorithm for building a generative model of the data distribution. WAE minimizes a penalized form of the Wasserstein distance between the model distribution and the target distribution, which leads to a different regularizer than the one used by the Variational Aut...
computer science
7,212
Interpretable Feature Recommendation for Signal Analytics
stat.ML
This paper presents an automated approach for interpretable feature recommendation for solving signal data analytics problems. The method has been tested by performing experiments on datasets in the domain of prognostics where interpretation of features is considered very important. The proposed approach is based on Wi...
computer science
7,213
Deformable Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network in Microwave Based Hand Gesture Recognition System
stat.ML
Traditional vision-based hand gesture recognition systems is limited under dark circumstances. In this paper, we build a hand gesture recognition system based on microwave transceiver and deep learning algorithm. A Doppler radar sensor with dual receiving channels at 5.8GHz is used to acquire a big database of hand ges...
computer science
7,214
Multi-Player Bandits Revisited
stat.ML
Multi-player Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) have been extensively studied in the literature, motivated by applications to Cognitive Radio systems. Driven by such applications as well, we motivate the introduction of several levels of feedback for multi-player MAB algorithms. Most existing work assume that sensing informatio...
computer science
7,215
FADO: A Deterministic Detection/Learning Algorithm
cs.LG
This paper proposes and studies a detection technique for adversarial scenarios (dubbed deterministic detection). This technique provides an alternative detection methodology in case the usual stochastic methods are not applicable: this can be because the studied phenomenon does not follow a stochastic sampling scheme,...
computer science
7,216
A Tutorial on Canonical Correlation Methods
cs.LG
Canonical correlation analysis is a family of multivariate statistical methods for the analysis of paired sets of variables. Since its proposition, canonical correlation analysis has for instance been extended to extract relations between two sets of variables when the sample size is insufficient in relation to the dat...
computer science
7,217
Gaussian Lower Bound for the Information Bottleneck Limit
cs.LG
The Information Bottleneck (IB) is a conceptual method for extracting the most compact, yet informative, representation of a set of variables, with respect to the target. It generalizes the notion of minimal sufficient statistics from classical parametric statistics to a broader information-theoretic sense. The IB curv...
computer science
7,218
Grafting for Combinatorial Boolean Model using Frequent Itemset Mining
stat.ML
This paper introduces the combinatorial Boolean model (CBM), which is defined as the class of linear combinations of conjunctions of Boolean attributes. This paper addresses the issue of learning CBM from labeled data. CBM is of high knowledge interpretability but na\"{i}ve learning of it requires exponentially large c...
computer science
7,219
Online Learning for Changing Environments using Coin Betting
stat.ML
A key challenge in online learning is that classical algorithms can be slow to adapt to changing environments. Recent studies have proposed "meta" algorithms that convert any online learning algorithm to one that is adaptive to changing environments, where the adaptivity is analyzed in a quantity called the strongly-ad...
computer science
7,220
Theoretical limitations of Encoder-Decoder GAN architectures
cs.LG
Encoder-decoder GANs architectures (e.g., BiGAN and ALI) seek to add an inference mechanism to the GANs setup, consisting of a small encoder deep net that maps data-points to their succinct encodings. The intuition is that being forced to train an encoder alongside the usual generator forces the system to learn meaning...
computer science
7,221
Neural Variational Inference and Learning in Undirected Graphical Models
cs.LG
Many problems in machine learning are naturally expressed in the language of undirected graphical models. Here, we propose black-box learning and inference algorithms for undirected models that optimize a variational approximation to the log-likelihood of the model. Central to our approach is an upper bound on the log-...
computer science
7,222
On the Discrimination-Generalization Tradeoff in GANs
cs.LG
Generative adversarial training can be generally understood as minimizing certain moment matching loss defined by a set of discriminator functions, typically neural networks. The discriminator set should be large enough to be able to uniquely identify the true distribution (discriminative), and also be small enough to ...
computer science
7,223
Approximate message passing for nonconvex sparse regularization with stability and asymptotic analysis
stat.ML
We analyse a linear regression problem with nonconvex regularization called smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) under an overcomplete Gaussian basis for Gaussian random data. We propose an approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm considering nonconvex regularization, namely SCAD-AMP, and analytically show tha...
computer science
7,224
Intriguing Properties of Adversarial Examples
stat.ML
It is becoming increasingly clear that many machine learning classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples. In attempting to explain the origin of adversarial examples, previous studies have typically focused on the fact that neural networks operate on high dimensional data, they overfit, or they are too linear. H...
computer science
7,225
Recency-weighted Markovian inference
cs.LG
We describe a Markov latent state space (MLSS) model, where the latent state distribution is a decaying mixture over multiple past states. We present a simple sampling algorithm that allows to approximate such high-order MLSS with fixed time and memory costs.
computer science
7,226
Learning Credible Models
cs.LG
In many settings, it is important that a model be capable of providing reasons for its predictions (i.e., the model must be interpretable). However, the model's reasoning may not conform with well-established knowledge. In such cases, while interpretable, the model lacks \textit{credibility}. In this work, we formally ...
computer science
7,227
Long-Term Sequential Prediction Using Expert Advice
cs.LG
For the prediction with experts' advice setting, we consider some methods to construct forecasting algorithms that suffer loss not much more than any expert in the pool. In contrast to the standard approach, we investigate the case of long-term forecasting of time series. This approach implies that each expert issues a...
computer science
7,228
A Separation Principle for Control in the Age of Deep Learning
stat.ML
We review the problem of defining and inferring a "state" for a control system based on complex, high-dimensional, highly uncertain measurement streams such as videos. Such a state, or representation, should contain all and only the information needed for control, and discount nuisance variability in the data. It shoul...
computer science
7,229
Analysis of Dropout in Online Learning
cs.LG
Deep learning is the state-of-the-art in fields such as visual object recognition and speech recognition. This learning uses a large number of layers and a huge number of units and connections. Therefore, overfitting is a serious problem with it, and the dropout which is a kind of regularization tool is used. However, ...
computer science
7,230
Multi-Relevance Transfer Learning
cs.LG
Transfer learning aims to faciliate learning tasks in a label-scarce target domain by leveraging knowledge from a related source domain with plenty of labeled data. Often times we may have multiple domains with little or no labeled data as targets waiting to be solved. Most existing efforts tackle target domains separa...
computer science
7,231
A random matrix analysis and improvement of semi-supervised learning for large dimensional data
cs.LG
This article provides an original understanding of the behavior of a class of graph-oriented semi-supervised learning algorithms in the limit of large and numerous data. It is demonstrated that the intuition at the root of these methods collapses in this limit and that, as a result, most of them become inconsistent. Co...
computer science
7,232
Alternating minimization for dictionary learning with random initialization
stat.ML
We present theoretical guarantees for an alternating minimization algorithm for the dictionary learning/sparse coding problem. The dictionary learning problem is to factorize vector samples $y^{1},y^{2},\ldots, y^{n}$ into an appropriate basis (dictionary) $A^*$ and sparse vectors $x^{1*},\ldots,x^{n*}$. Our algorithm ...
computer science
7,233
Provably Accurate Double-Sparse Coding
stat.ML
Sparse coding is a crucial subroutine in algorithms for various signal processing, deep learning, and other machine learning applications. The central goal is to learn an overcomplete dictionary that can sparsely represent a given input dataset. However, a key challenge is that storage, transmission, and processing of ...
computer science
7,234
Quantized Memory-Augmented Neural Networks
cs.LG
Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) refer to a class of neural network models equipped with external memory (such as neural Turing machines and memory networks). These neural networks outperform conventional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in terms of learning long-term dependency, allowing them to solve intrigui...
computer science
7,235
LSTM Networks for Data-Aware Remaining Time Prediction of Business Process Instances
cs.LG
Predicting the completion time of business process instances would be a very helpful aid when managing processes under service level agreement constraints. The ability to know in advance the trend of running process instances would allow business managers to react in time, in order to prevent delays or undesirable situ...
computer science
7,236
Attend and Diagnose: Clinical Time Series Analysis using Attention Models
stat.ML
With widespread adoption of electronic health records, there is an increased emphasis for predictive models that can effectively deal with clinical time-series data. Powered by Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art resu...
computer science
7,237
Applications of Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning to Biological Data
cs.LG
Rapid advances of hardware-based technologies during the past decades have opened up new possibilities for Life scientists to gather multimodal data in various application domains (e.g., Omics, Bioimaging, Medical Imaging, and [Brain/Body]-Machine Interfaces), thus generating novel opportunities for development of dedi...
computer science
7,238
Few-Shot Learning with Graph Neural Networks
stat.ML
We propose to study the problem of few-shot learning with the prism of inference on a partially observed graphical model, constructed from a collection of input images whose label can be either observed or not. By assimilating generic message-passing inference algorithms with their neural-network counterparts, we defin...
computer science
7,239
Disease Prediction from Electronic Health Records Using Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Electronic health records (EHRs) have contributed to the computerization of patient records so that they can be used not only for efficient and systematic medical services, but also for research on data science. In this paper, we compared the disease prediction performance of generative adversarial networks (GANs) and ...
computer science
7,240
Scale out for large minibatch SGD: Residual network training on ImageNet-1K with improved accuracy and reduced time to train
stat.ML
For the past 5 years, the ILSVRC competition and the ImageNet dataset have attracted a lot of interest from the Computer Vision community, allowing for state-of-the-art accuracy to grow tremendously. This should be credited to the use of deep artificial neural network designs. As these became more complex, the storage,...
computer science
7,241
Semi-Supervised Learning via New Deep Network Inversion
stat.ML
We exploit a recently derived inversion scheme for arbitrary deep neural networks to develop a new semi-supervised learning framework that applies to a wide range of systems and problems. The approach outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on MNIST reaching $99.14\%$ of test set accuracy while using $5$ labeled e...
computer science
7,242
Alpha-Divergences in Variational Dropout
stat.ML
We investigate the use of alternative divergences to Kullback-Leibler (KL) in variational inference(VI), based on the Variational Dropout \cite{kingma2015}. Stochastic gradient variational Bayes (SGVB) \cite{aevb} is a general framework for estimating the evidence lower bound (ELBO) in Variational Bayes. In this work, ...
computer science
7,243
Parameter Estimation in Finite Mixture Models by Regularized Optimal Transport: A Unified Framework for Hard and Soft Clustering
cs.LG
In this short paper, we formulate parameter estimation for finite mixture models in the context of discrete optimal transportation with convex regularization. The proposed framework unifies hard and soft clustering methods for general mixture models. It also generalizes the celebrated $k$\nobreakdash-means and expectat...
computer science
7,244
Machine vs Machine: Minimax-Optimal Defense Against Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
Recently, researchers have discovered that the state-of-the-art object classifiers can be fooled easily by small perturbations in the input unnoticeable to human eyes. It is known that an attacker can generate strong adversarial examples if she knows the classifier parameters. Conversely, a defender can robustify the c...
computer science
7,245
Attention-based Information Fusion using Multi-Encoder-Decoder Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
With the rising number of interconnected devices and sensors, modeling distributed sensor networks is of increasing interest. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are considered particularly well suited for modeling sensory and streaming data. When predicting future behavior, incorporating information from neighboring senso...
computer science
7,246
Weightless: Lossy Weight Encoding For Deep Neural Network Compression
cs.LG
The large memory requirements of deep neural networks limit their deployment and adoption on many devices. Model compression methods effectively reduce the memory requirements of these models, usually through applying transformations such as weight pruning or quantization. In this paper, we present a novel scheme for l...
computer science
7,247
Resurrecting the sigmoid in deep learning through dynamical isometry: theory and practice
cs.LG
It is well known that the initialization of weights in deep neural networks can have a dramatic impact on learning speed. For example, ensuring the mean squared singular value of a network's input-output Jacobian is $O(1)$ is essential for avoiding the exponential vanishing or explosion of gradients. The stronger condi...
computer science
7,248
ACtuAL: Actor-Critic Under Adversarial Learning
stat.ML
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a powerful framework for deep generative modeling. Posed as a two-player minimax problem, GANs are typically trained end-to-end on real-valued data and can be used to train a generator of high-dimensional and realistic images. However, a major limitation of GANs is that traini...
computer science
7,249
"Found in Translation": Predicting Outcomes of Complex Organic Chemistry Reactions using Neural Sequence-to-Sequence Models
cs.LG
There is an intuitive analogy of an organic chemist's understanding of a compound and a language speaker's understanding of a word. Consequently, it is possible to introduce the basic concepts and analyze potential impacts of linguistic analysis to the world of organic chemistry. In this work, we cast the reaction pred...
computer science
7,250
STARK: Structured Dictionary Learning Through Rank-one Tensor Recovery
stat.ML
In recent years, a class of dictionaries have been proposed for multidimensional (tensor) data representation that exploit the structure of tensor data by imposing a Kronecker structure on the dictionary underlying the data. In this work, a novel algorithm called "STARK" is provided to learn Kronecker structured dictio...
computer science
7,251
Sobolev GAN
cs.LG
We propose a new Integral Probability Metric (IPM) between distributions: the Sobolev IPM. The Sobolev IPM compares the mean discrepancy of two distributions for functions (critic) restricted to a Sobolev ball defined with respect to a dominant measure $\mu$. We show that the Sobolev IPM compares two distributions in h...
computer science
7,252
pyLEMMINGS: Large Margin Multiple Instance Classification and Ranking for Bioinformatics Applications
cs.LG
Motivation: A major challenge in the development of machine learning based methods in computational biology is that data may not be accurately labeled due to the time and resources required for experimentally annotating properties of proteins and DNA sequences. Standard supervised learning algorithms assume accurate in...
computer science
7,253
Scalable Peaceman-Rachford Splitting Method with Proximal Terms
stat.ML
Along with developing of Peaceman-Rachford Splittling Method (PRSM), many batch algorithms based on it have been studied very deeply. But almost no algorithm focused on the performance of stochastic version of PRSM. In this paper, we propose a new stochastic algorithm based on PRSM, prove its convergence rate in ergodi...
computer science
7,254
Feature importance scores and lossless feature pruning using Banzhaf power indices
stat.ML
Understanding the influence of features in machine learning is crucial to interpreting models and selecting the best features for classification. In this work we propose the use of principles from coalitional game theory to reason about importance of features. In particular, we propose the use of the Banzhaf power inde...
computer science
7,255
Robust Matrix Elastic Net based Canonical Correlation Analysis: An Effective Algorithm for Multi-View Unsupervised Learning
cs.LG
This paper presents a robust matrix elastic net based canonical correlation analysis (RMEN-CCA) for multiple view unsupervised learning problems, which emphasizes the combination of CCA and the robust matrix elastic net (RMEN) used as coupled feature selection. The RMEN-CCA leverages the strength of the RMEN to distill...
computer science
7,256
TripletGAN: Training Generative Model with Triplet Loss
cs.LG
As an effective way of metric learning, triplet loss has been widely used in many deep learning tasks, including face recognition and person-ReID, leading to many states of the arts. The main innovation of triplet loss is using feature map to replace softmax in the classification task. Inspired by this concept, we prop...
computer science
7,257
Joint Gaussian Processes for Biophysical Parameter Retrieval
stat.ML
Solving inverse problems is central to geosciences and remote sensing. Radiative transfer models (RTMs) represent mathematically the physical laws which govern the phenomena in remote sensing applications (forward models). The numerical inversion of the RTM equations is a challenging and computationally demanding probl...
computer science
7,258
On Optimal Generalizability in Parametric Learning
stat.ML
We consider the parametric learning problem, where the objective of the learner is determined by a parametric loss function. Employing empirical risk minimization with possibly regularization, the inferred parameter vector will be biased toward the training samples. Such bias is measured by the cross validation procedu...
computer science
7,259
LIUBoost : Locality Informed Underboosting for Imbalanced Data Classification
cs.LG
The problem of class imbalance along with class-overlapping has become a major issue in the domain of supervised learning. Most supervised learning algorithms assume equal cardinality of the classes under consideration while optimizing the cost function and this assumption does not hold true for imbalanced datasets whi...
computer science
7,260
Optimizing Kernel Machines using Deep Learning
stat.ML
Building highly non-linear and non-parametric models is central to several state-of-the-art machine learning systems. Kernel methods form an important class of techniques that induce a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) for inferring non-linear models through the construction of similarity functions from data. The...
computer science
7,261
Semiblind subgraph reconstruction in Gaussian graphical models
cs.LG
Consider a social network where only a few nodes (agents) have meaningful interactions in the sense that the conditional dependency graph over node attribute variables (behaviors) is sparse. A company that can only observe the interactions between its own customers will generally not be able to accurately estimate its ...
computer science
7,262
Z-Forcing: Training Stochastic Recurrent Networks
stat.ML
Many efforts have been devoted to training generative latent variable models with autoregressive decoders, such as recurrent neural networks (RNN). Stochastic recurrent models have been successful in capturing the variability observed in natural sequential data such as speech. We unify successful ideas from recently pr...
computer science
7,263
A Convex Parametrization of a New Class of Universal Kernel Functions for use in Kernel Learning
stat.ML
We propose a new class of universal kernel functions which admit a linear parametrization using positive semidefinite matrices. These kernels are generalizations of the Sobolev kernel and are defined by piecewise-polynomial functions. The class of kernels is termed "tessellated" as the resulting discriminant is defined...
computer science
7,264
Efficient Estimation of Generalization Error and Bias-Variance Components of Ensembles
cs.LG
For many applications, an ensemble of base classifiers is an effective solution. The tuning of its parameters(number of classes, amount of data on which each classifier is to be trained on, etc.) requires G, the generalization error of a given ensemble. The efficient estimation of G is the focus of this paper. The key ...
computer science
7,265
Variational Adaptive-Newton Method for Explorative Learning
stat.ML
We present the Variational Adaptive Newton (VAN) method which is a black-box optimization method especially suitable for explorative-learning tasks such as active learning and reinforcement learning. Similar to Bayesian methods, VAN estimates a distribution that can be used for exploration, but requires computations th...
computer science
7,266
Advances in Variational Inference
cs.LG
Many modern unsupervised or semi-supervised machine learning algorithms rely on Bayesian probabilistic models. These models are usually intractable and thus require approximate inference. Variational inference (VI) lets us approximate a high-dimensional Bayesian posterior with a simpler variational distribution by solv...
computer science
7,267
Variational Bi-LSTMs
stat.ML
Recurrent neural networks like long short-term memory (LSTM) are important architectures for sequential prediction tasks. LSTMs (and RNNs in general) model sequences along the forward time direction. Bidirectional LSTMs (Bi-LSTMs) on the other hand model sequences along both forward and backward directions and are gene...
computer science
7,268
Hierarchical Modeling of Seed Variety Yields and Decision Making for Future Planting Plans
cs.LG
Eradicating hunger and malnutrition is a key development goal of the 21st century. We address the problem of optimally identifying seed varieties to reliably increase crop yield within a risk-sensitive decision-making framework. Specifically, we introduce a novel hierarchical machine learning mechanism for predicting c...
computer science
7,269
Towards better understanding of gradient-based attribution methods for Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Understanding the flow of information in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a challenging problem that has gain increasing attention over the last few years. While several methods have been proposed to explain network predictions, there have been only a few attempts to compare them from a theoretical perspective. What is m...
computer science
7,270
Robust Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Neural Networks via Moment Alignment
stat.ML
A novel approach for unsupervised domain adaptation for neural networks is proposed that relies on a metric-based regularization of the learning process. The metric-based regularization aims at domain-invariant latent feature representations by means of maximizing the similarity between domain-specific activation distr...
computer science
7,271
Beyond Sparsity: Tree Regularization of Deep Models for Interpretability
stat.ML
The lack of interpretability remains a key barrier to the adoption of deep models in many applications. In this work, we explicitly regularize deep models so human users might step through the process behind their predictions in little time. Specifically, we train deep time-series models so their class-probability pred...
computer science
7,272
Neurology-as-a-Service for the Developing World
stat.ML
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an extensively-used and well-studied technique in the field of medical diagnostics and treatment for brain disorders, including epilepsy, migraines, and tumors. The analysis and interpretation of EEGs require physicians to have specialized training, which is not common even among most do...
computer science
7,273
A Resizable Mini-batch Gradient Descent based on a Multi-Armed Bandit
stat.ML
Determining the appropriate batch size for mini-batch gradient descent is always time consuming as it often relies on grid search. This paper considers a resizable mini-batch gradient descent (RMGD) algorithm based on a multi-armed bandit for achieving best performance in grid search by selecting an appropriate batch s...
computer science
7,274
A unified deep artificial neural network approach to partial differential equations in complex geometries
stat.ML
We use deep feedforward artificial neural networks to approximate solutions of partial differential equations of advection and diffusion type in complex geometries. We derive analytical expressions of the gradients of the cost function with respect to the network parameters, as well as the gradient of the network itsel...
computer science
7,275
Introduction to intelligent computing unit 1
cs.LG
This brief note highlights some basic concepts required toward understanding the evolution of machine learning and deep learning models. The note starts with an overview of artificial intelligence and its relationship to biological neuron that ultimately led to the evolution of todays intelligent models.
computer science
7,276
Predict Responsibly: Increasing Fairness by Learning To Defer
stat.ML
In many high-stakes ML applications, there are multiple decision-makers involved, both automated and human. The interaction between these agents often goes unaddressed in algorithmic development. In this work, we explore a simple version of this interaction with a two-stage framework containing an automated model and a...
computer science
7,277
MinimalRNN: Toward More Interpretable and Trainable Recurrent Neural Networks
stat.ML
We introduce MinimalRNN, a new recurrent neural network architecture that achieves comparable performance as the popular gated RNNs with a simplified structure. It employs minimal updates within RNN, which not only leads to efficient learning and testing but more importantly better interpretability and trainability. We...
computer science
7,278
Tree-Structured Boosting: Connections Between Gradient Boosted Stumps and Full Decision Trees
stat.ML
Additive models, such as produced by gradient boosting, and full interaction models, such as classification and regression trees (CART), are widely used algorithms that have been investigated largely in isolation. We show that these models exist along a spectrum, revealing never-before-known connections between these t...
computer science
7,279
Prediction Scores as a Window into Classifier Behavior
stat.ML
Most multi-class classifiers make their prediction for a test sample by scoring the classes and selecting the one with the highest score. Analyzing these prediction scores is useful to understand the classifier behavior and to assess its reliability. We present an interactive visualization that facilitates per-class an...
computer science
7,280
MorphNet: Fast & Simple Resource-Constrained Structure Learning of Deep Networks
cs.LG
We present MorphNet, an approach to automate the design of neural network structures. MorphNet iteratively shrinks and expands a network, shrinking via a resource-weighted sparsifying regularizer on activations and expanding via a uniform multiplicative factor on all layers. In contrast to previous approaches, our meth...
computer science
7,281
Deep Gaussian Mixture Models
stat.ML
Deep learning is a hierarchical inference method formed by subsequent multiple layers of learning able to more efficiently describe complex relationships. In this work, Deep Gaussian Mixture Models are introduced and discussed. A Deep Gaussian Mixture model (DGMM) is a network of multiple layers of latent variables, wh...
computer science
7,282
Sequential Randomized Matrix Factorization for Gaussian Processes: Efficient Predictions and Hyper-parameter Optimization
cs.LG
This paper presents a sequential randomized lowrank matrix factorization approach for incrementally predicting values of an unknown function at test points using the Gaussian Processes framework. It is well-known that in the Gaussian processes framework, the computational bottlenecks are the inversion of the (regulariz...
computer science
7,283
Convergence Analysis of the Dynamics of a Special Kind of Two-Layered Neural Networks with $\ell_1$ and $\ell_2$ Regularization
stat.ML
In this paper, we made an extension to the convergence analysis of the dynamics of two-layered bias-free networks with one $ReLU$ output. We took into consideration two popular regularization terms: the $\ell_1$ and $\ell_2$ norm of the parameter vector $w$, and added it to the square loss function with coefficient $\l...
computer science
7,284
An Improved Oscillating-Error Classifier with Branching
cs.LG
This paper extends the earlier work on an oscillating error correction technique. Specifically, it extends the design to include further corrections, by adding new layers to the classifier through a branching method. This technique is still consistent with earlier work and also neural networks in general. With this ext...
computer science
7,285
A Classifying Variational Autoencoder with Application to Polyphonic Music Generation
stat.ML
The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a popular probabilistic generative model. However, one shortcoming of VAEs is that the latent variables cannot be discrete, which makes it difficult to generate data from different modes of a distribution. Here, we propose an extension of the VAE framework that incorporates a classi...
computer science
7,286
Does mitigating ML's impact disparity require treatment disparity?
stat.ML
Following related work in law and policy, two notions of disparity have come to shape the study of fairness in algorithmic decision-making. Algorithms exhibit treatment disparity if they formally treat members of protected subgroups differently; algorithms exhibit impact disparity when outcomes differ across subgroups,...
computer science
7,287
Compression-Based Regularization with an Application to Multi-Task Learning
stat.ML
This paper investigates, from information theoretic grounds, a learning problem based on the principle that any regularity in a given dataset can be exploited to extract compact features from data, i.e., using fewer bits than needed to fully describe the data itself, in order to build meaningful representations of a re...
computer science
7,288
Stein Variational Message Passing for Continuous Graphical Models
stat.ML
We propose a novel distributed inference algorithm for continuous graphical models, by extending Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD) to leverage the Markov dependency structure of the distribution of interest. Our approach combines SVGD with a set of structured local kernel functions defined on the Markov blanket...
computer science
7,289
Positive semi-definite embedding for dimensionality reduction and out-of-sample extensions
cs.LG
In machine learning or statistics, it is often desirable to reduce the dimensionality of high dimensional data. We propose to obtain the low dimensional embedding coordinates as the eigenvectors of a positive semi-definite kernel matrix. This kernel matrix is the solution of a semi-definite program promoting a low rank...
computer science
7,290
Relaxed Oracles for Semi-Supervised Clustering
stat.ML
Pairwise "same-cluster" queries are one of the most widely used forms of supervision in semi-supervised clustering. However, it is impractical to ask human oracles to answer every query correctly. In this paper, we study the influence of allowing "not-sure" answers from a weak oracle and propose an effective algorithm ...
computer science
7,291
Bidirectional Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) are generative models that can produce data samples ($x$) conditioned on both latent variables ($z$) and known auxiliary information ($c$). We propose the Bidirectional cGAN (BiCoGAN), which effectively disentangles $z$ and $c$ in the generation process and provides a...
computer science
7,292
Residual Gated Graph ConvNets
cs.LG
Graph-structured data such as functional brain networks, social networks, gene regulatory networks, communications networks have brought the interest in generalizing neural networks to graph domains. In this paper, we are interested to de- sign efficient neural network architectures for graphs with variable length. Sev...
computer science
7,293
Finding Differentially Covarying Needles in a Temporally Evolving Haystack: A Scan Statistics Perspective
stat.ML
Recent results in coupled or temporal graphical models offer schemes for estimating the relationship structure between features when the data come from related (but distinct) longitudinal sources. A novel application of these ideas is for analyzing group-level differences, i.e., in identifying if trends of estimated ob...
computer science
7,294
Regret Analysis for Continuous Dueling Bandit
stat.ML
The dueling bandit is a learning framework wherein the feedback information in the learning process is restricted to a noisy comparison between a pair of actions. In this research, we address a dueling bandit problem based on a cost function over a continuous space. We propose a stochastic mirror descent algorithm and ...
computer science
7,295
On Breast Cancer Detection: An Application of Machine Learning Algorithms on the Wisconsin Diagnostic Dataset
cs.LG
This paper presents a comparison of six machine learning (ML) algorithms: GRU-SVM (Agarap, 2017), Linear Regression, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Nearest Neighbor (NN) search, Softmax Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset (Wolberg, Street, & Mangasarian, 1...
computer science
7,296
Application of generative autoencoder in de novo molecular design
cs.LG
A major challenge in computational chemistry is the generation of novel molecular structures with desirable pharmacological and physiochemical properties. In this work, we investigate the potential use of autoencoder, a deep learning methodology, for de novo molecular design. Various generative autoencoders were used t...
computer science
7,297
Recover Missing Sensor Data with Iterative Imputing Network
cs.LG
Sensor data has been playing an important role in machine learning tasks, complementary to the human-annotated data that is usually rather costly. However, due to systematic or accidental mis-operations, sensor data comes very often with a variety of missing values, resulting in considerable difficulties in the follow-...
computer science
7,298
Disagreement-based combinatorial pure exploration: Efficient algorithms and an analysis with localization
stat.ML
We design new algorithms for the combinatorial pure exploration problem in the multi-arm bandit framework. In this problem, we are given K distributions and a collection of subsets $\mathcal{V} \subset 2^K$ of these distributions, and we would like to find the subset $v \in \mathcal{V}$ that has largest cumulative mean...
computer science
7,299
A generative adversarial framework for positive-unlabeled classification
cs.LG
In this work, we consider the task of classifying the binary positive-unlabeled (PU) data. The existing discriminative learning based PU models attempt to seek an optimal re-weighting strategy for U data, so that a decent decision boundary can be found. In contrast, we provide a totally new paradigm to attack the binar...
computer science