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7,400
Ballpark Crowdsourcing: The Wisdom of Rough Group Comparisons
stat.ML
Crowdsourcing has become a popular method for collecting labeled training data. However, in many practical scenarios traditional labeling can be difficult for crowdworkers (for example, if the data is high-dimensional or unintuitive, or the labels are continuous). In this work, we develop a novel model for crowdsourc...
computer science
7,401
FFT-Based Deep Learning Deployment in Embedded Systems
cs.LG
Deep learning has delivered its powerfulness in many application domains, especially in image and speech recognition. As the backbone of deep learning, deep neural networks (DNNs) consist of multiple layers of various types with hundreds to thousands of neurons. Embedded platforms are now becoming essential for deep le...
computer science
7,402
Predicting Station-level Hourly Demands in a Large-scale Bike-sharing Network: A Graph Convolutional Neural Network Approach
stat.ML
Bike sharing is a vital piece in a modern multi-modal transportation system. However, it suffers from the bike unbalancing problem due to fluctuating spatial and temporal demands. Accurate bike sharing demand predictions can help operators to make optimal routes and schedules for bike redistributions, and therefore enh...
computer science
7,403
Deep Prior
stat.ML
The recent literature on deep learning offers new tools to learn a rich probability distribution over high dimensional data such as images or sounds. In this work we investigate the possibility of learning the prior distribution over neural network parameters using such tools. Our resulting variational Bayes algorithm ...
computer science
7,404
Learning Compact Recurrent Neural Networks with Block-Term Tensor Decomposition
cs.LG
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are powerful sequence modeling tools. However, when dealing with high dimensional inputs, the training of RNNs becomes computational expensive due to the large number of model parameters. This hinders RNNs from solving many important computer vision tasks, such as Action Recognition in ...
computer science
7,405
Graph-Sparse Logistic Regression
cs.LG
We introduce Graph-Sparse Logistic Regression, a new algorithm for classification for the case in which the support should be sparse but connected on a graph. We val- idate this algorithm against synthetic data and benchmark it against L1-regularized Logistic Regression. We then explore our technique in the bioinformat...
computer science
7,406
Safe Policy Search with Gaussian Process Models
stat.ML
We propose a method to optimise the parameters of a policy which will be used to safely perform a given task in a data-efficient manner. We train a Gaussian process model to capture the system dynamics, based on the PILCO framework. Our model has useful analytic properties, which allow closed form computation of error ...
computer science
7,407
BT-Nets: Simplifying Deep Neural Networks via Block Term Decomposition
stat.ML
Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been regarded as the state-of-the-art classification methods in a wide range of applications, especially in image classification. Despite the success, the huge number of parameters blocks its deployment to situations with light computing resources. Researchers resort to the re...
computer science
7,408
Quantization and Training of Neural Networks for Efficient Integer-Arithmetic-Only Inference
cs.LG
The rising popularity of intelligent mobile devices and the daunting computational cost of deep learning-based models call for efficient and accurate on-device inference schemes. We propose a quantization scheme that allows inference to be carried out using integer-only arithmetic, which can be implemented more efficie...
computer science
7,409
On reproduction of On the regularization of Wasserstein GANs
cs.LG
This report has several purposes. First, our report is written to investigate the reproducibility of the submitted paper On the regularization of Wasserstein GANs (2018). Second, among the experiments performed in the submitted paper, five aspects were emphasized and reproduced: learning speed, stability, robustness ag...
computer science
7,410
Structured Optimal Transport
stat.ML
Optimal Transport has recently gained interest in machine learning for applications ranging from domain adaptation, sentence similarities to deep learning. Yet, its ability to capture frequently occurring structure beyond the "ground metric" is limited. In this work, we develop a nonlinear generalization of (discrete) ...
computer science
7,411
Predicting Individual Physiologically Acceptable States for Discharge from a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
stat.ML
Objective: Predict patient-specific vitals deemed medically acceptable for discharge from a pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). Design: The means of each patient's hr, sbp and dbp measurements between their medical and physical discharge from the ICU were computed as a proxy for their physiologically acceptable state ...
computer science
7,412
A Survey on Multi-View Clustering
cs.LG
With the fast development of information technology, especially the popularization of internet, multi-view learning becomes more and more popular in machine learning and data mining fields. As we all know that, multi-view semi-supervised learning, such as co-training, co-regularization has gained considerable attention...
computer science
7,413
Deep Neural Generative Model of Functional MRI Images for Psychiatric Disorder Diagnosis
stat.ML
Accurate diagnosis of psychiatric disorders plays a critical role in improving quality of life for patients and potentially supports the development of new treatments. Many studies have been conducted on machine learning techniques that seek brain imaging data for specific biomarkers of disorders. These studies have en...
computer science
7,414
A Bridge Between Hyperparameter Optimization and Larning-to-learn
stat.ML
We consider a class of a nested optimization problems involving inner and outer objectives. We observe that by taking into explicit account the optimization dynamics for the inner objective it is possible to derive a general framework that unifies gradient-based hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning (or learnin...
computer science
7,415
The Power of Interpolation: Understanding the Effectiveness of SGD in Modern Over-parametrized Learning
cs.LG
Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with small mini-batch is a key component in modern large-scale learning. However, its efficiency has not been easy to analyze as most theoretical results require adaptive rates and show convergence rates far slower than that for gradient descent, making computational comparisons diffic...
computer science
7,416
MEBoost: Mixing Estimators with Boosting for Imbalanced Data Classification
cs.LG
Class imbalance problem has been a challenging research problem in the fields of machine learning and data mining as most real life datasets are imbalanced. Several existing machine learning algorithms try to maximize the accuracy classification by correctly identifying majority class samples while ignoring the minorit...
computer science
7,417
Accurate Inference for Adaptive Linear Models
stat.ML
Estimators computed from adaptively collected data do not behave like their non-adaptive brethren. Rather, the sequential dependence of the collection policy can lead to severe distributional biases that persist even in the infinite data limit. We develop a general method decorrelation procedure -- W-decorrelation -- f...
computer science
7,418
On Data-Dependent Random Features for Improved Generalization in Supervised Learning
stat.ML
The randomized-feature approach has been successfully employed in large-scale kernel approximation and supervised learning. The distribution from which the random features are drawn impacts the number of features required to efficiently perform a learning task. Recently, it has been shown that employing data-dependent ...
computer science
7,419
Exploring High-Dimensional Structure via Axis-Aligned Decomposition of Linear Projections
stat.ML
Two-dimensional embeddings remain the dominant approach to visualize high dimensional data. The choice of embeddings ranges from highly non-linear ones, which can capture complex relationships but are difficult to interpret quantitatively, to axis-aligned projections, which are easy to interpret but are limited to biva...
computer science
7,420
Approximate Profile Maximum Likelihood
cs.LG
We propose an efficient algorithm for approximate computation of the profile maximum likelihood (PML), a variant of maximum likelihood maximizing the probability of observing a sufficient statistic rather than the empirical sample. The PML has appealing theoretical properties, but is difficult to compute exactly. Inspi...
computer science
7,421
Discovery of Shifting Patterns in Sequence Classification
cs.LG
In this paper, we investigate the multi-variate sequence classification problem from a multi-instance learning perspective. Real-world sequential data commonly show discriminative patterns only at specific time periods. For instance, we can identify a cropland during its growing season, but it looks similar to a barren...
computer science
7,422
Adversarial Structured Prediction for Multivariate Measures
stat.ML
Many predicted structured objects (e.g., sequences, matchings, trees) are evaluated using the F-score, alignment error rate (AER), or other multivariate performance measures. Since inductively optimizing these measures using training data is typically computationally difficult, empirical risk minimization of surrogate ...
computer science
7,423
ADINE: An Adaptive Momentum Method for Stochastic Gradient Descent
stat.ML
Two major momentum-based techniques that have achieved tremendous success in optimization are Polyak's heavy ball method and Nesterov's accelerated gradient. A crucial step in all momentum-based methods is the choice of the momentum parameter $m$ which is always suggested to be set to less than $1$. Although the choice...
computer science
7,424
Fast kNN mode seeking clustering applied to active learning
stat.ML
A significantly faster algorithm is presented for the original kNN mode seeking procedure. It has the advantages over the well-known mean shift algorithm that it is feasible in high-dimensional vector spaces and results in uniquely, well defined modes. Moreover, without any additional computational effort it may yield ...
computer science
7,425
Deep Unsupervised Clustering Using Mixture of Autoencoders
cs.LG
Unsupervised clustering is one of the most fundamental challenges in machine learning. A popular hypothesis is that data are generated from a union of low-dimensional nonlinear manifolds; thus an approach to clustering is identifying and separating these manifolds. In this paper, we present a novel approach to solve th...
computer science
7,426
Combining Static and Dynamic Features for Multivariate Sequence Classification
cs.LG
Model precision in a classification task is highly dependent on the feature space that is used to train the model. Moreover, whether the features are sequential or static will dictate which classification method can be applied as most of the machine learning algorithms are designed to deal with either one or another ty...
computer science
7,427
Fair Forests: Regularized Tree Induction to Minimize Model Bias
stat.ML
The potential lack of fairness in the outputs of machine learning algorithms has recently gained attention both within the research community as well as in society more broadly. Surprisingly, there is no prior work developing tree-induction algorithms for building fair decision trees or fair random forests. These metho...
computer science
7,428
Linear centralization classifier
cs.LG
A classification algorithm, called the Linear Centralization Classifier (LCC), is introduced. The algorithm seeks to find a transformation that best maps instances from the feature space to a space where they concentrate towards the center of their own classes, while maximimizing the distance between class centers. We ...
computer science
7,429
Learning and Transferring IDs Representation in E-commerce
cs.LG
Many machine intelligence techniques are developed in E-commerce and one of the most essential components is the representation of IDs, including user ID, item ID, product ID, store ID, brand ID, category ID etc. The classical encoding based methods (like one-hot encoding) are inefficient in that it suffers sparsity pr...
computer science
7,430
Diversifying Support Vector Machines for Boosting using Kernel Perturbation: Applications to Class Imbalance and Small Disjuncts
cs.LG
The diversification (generating slightly varying separating discriminators) of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for boosting has proven to be a challenge due to the strong learning nature of SVMs. Based on the insight that perturbing the SVM kernel may help in diversifying SVMs, we propose two kernel perturbation based b...
computer science
7,431
Adaptive Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent for Conditional Random Fields
stat.ML
This work investigates training Conditional Random Fields (CRF) by Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (SDCA). SDCA enjoys a linear convergence rate and a strong empirical performance for independent classification problems. However, it has never been used to train CRF. Yet it benefits from an exact line search with a si...
computer science
7,432
Least-Squares Temporal Difference Learning for the Linear Quadratic Regulator
cs.LG
Reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully used to solve many continuous control tasks. Despite its impressive results however, fundamental questions regarding the sample complexity of RL on continuous problems remain open. We study the performance of RL in this setting by considering the behavior of the Least-S...
computer science
7,433
Dropout Feature Ranking for Deep Learning Models
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve state-of-the-art results in a variety of domains. Unfortunately, DNNs are notorious for their non-interpretability, and thus limit their applicability in hypothesis-driven domains such as biology and healthcare. Moreover, in the resource-constraint setting, it is critical to design t...
computer science
7,434
An Approximate Bayesian Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm for Outlier Detection
cs.LG
Long Short-Term Memory networks trained with gradient descent and back-propagation have received great success in various applications. However, point estimation of the weights of the networks is prone to over-fitting problems and lacks important uncertainty information associated with the estimation. However, exact Ba...
computer science
7,435
Weighted Data Normalization Based on Eigenvalues for Artificial Neural Network Classification
cs.LG
Artificial neural network (ANN) is a very useful tool in solving learning problems. Boosting the performances of ANN can be mainly concluded from two aspects: optimizing the architecture of ANN and normalizing the raw data for ANN. In this paper, a novel method which improves the effects of ANN by preprocessing the raw...
computer science
7,436
Spurious Local Minima are Common in Two-Layer ReLU Neural Networks
cs.LG
We consider the optimization problem associated with training simple ReLU neural networks of the form $\mathbf{x}\mapsto \sum_{i=1}^{k}\max\{0,\mathbf{w}_i^\top \mathbf{x}\}$ with respect to the squared loss. We provide a computer-assisted proof that even if the input distribution is standard Gaussian, even if the dime...
computer science
7,437
Kernel Regression with Sparse Metric Learning
cs.LG
Kernel regression is a popular non-parametric fitting technique. It aims at learning a function which estimates the targets for test inputs as precise as possible. Generally, the function value for a test input is estimated by a weighted average of the surrounding training examples. The weights are typically computed b...
computer science
7,438
Efficient Algorithms for t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding
cs.LG
t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (t-SNE) is a method for dimensionality reduction and visualization that has become widely popular in recent years. Efficient implementations of t-SNE are available, but they scale poorly to datasets with hundreds of thousands to millions of high dimensional data-points. W...
computer science
7,439
On Connecting Stochastic Gradient MCMC and Differential Privacy
stat.ML
Significant success has been realized recently on applying machine learning to real-world applications. There have also been corresponding concerns on the privacy of training data, which relates to data security and confidentiality issues. Differential privacy provides a principled and rigorous privacy guarantee on mac...
computer science
7,440
Entropy-SGD optimizes the prior of a PAC-Bayes bound: Generalization properties of Entropy-SGD and data-dependent priors
stat.ML
We show that Entropy-SGD (Chaudhari et al., 2017), when viewed as a learning algorithm, optimizes a PAC-Bayes bound on the risk of a Gibbs (posterior) classifier, i.e., a randomized classifier obtained by a risk-sensitive perturbation of the weights of a learned classifier. Entropy-SGD works by optimizing the bound's p...
computer science
7,441
Robust Loss Functions under Label Noise for Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
In many applications of classifier learning, training data suffers from label noise. Deep networks are learned using huge training data where the problem of noisy labels is particularly relevant. The current techniques proposed for learning deep networks under label noise focus on modifying the network architecture and...
computer science
7,442
Tensor Regression Networks with various Low-Rank Tensor Approximations
cs.LG
Tensor regression networks achieve high rate of compression of model parameters in multilayer perceptrons (MLP) while having slight impact on performances. Tensor regression layer imposes low-rank constraints on the tensor regression layer which replaces the flattening operation of traditional MLP. We investigate tenso...
computer science
7,443
PixelSNAIL: An Improved Autoregressive Generative Model
cs.LG
Autoregressive generative models consistently achieve the best results in density estimation tasks involving high dimensional data, such as images or audio. They pose density estimation as a sequence modeling task, where a recurrent neural network (RNN) models the conditional distribution over the next element conditio...
computer science
7,444
Random Feature-based Online Multi-kernel Learning in Environments with Unknown Dynamics
stat.ML
Kernel-based methods exhibit well-documented performance in various nonlinear learning tasks. Most of them rely on a preselected kernel, whose prudent choice presumes task-specific prior information. Especially when the latter is not available, multi-kernel learning has gained popularity thanks to its flexibility in ch...
computer science
7,445
Robust Covariate Shift Prediction with General Losses and Feature Views
cs.LG
Covariate shift relaxes the widely-employed independent and identically distributed (IID) assumption by allowing different training and testing input distributions. Unfortunately, common methods for addressing covariate shift by trying to remove the bias between training and testing distributions using importance weigh...
computer science
7,446
Application of Convolutional Neural Network to Predict Airfoil Lift Coefficient
stat.ML
The adaptability of the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique for aerodynamic meta-modeling tasks is probed in this work. The primary objective is to develop suitable CNN architecture for variable flow conditions and object geometry, in addition to identifying a sufficient data preparation process. Multiple CNN ...
computer science
7,447
Parameter-free online learning via model selection
cs.LG
We introduce an efficient algorithmic framework for model selection in online learning, also known as parameter-free online learning. Departing from previous work, which has focused on highly structured function classes such as nested balls in Hilbert space, we propose a generic meta-algorithm framework that achieves o...
computer science
7,448
PAC-Bayesian Margin Bounds for Convolutional Neural Networks - Technical Report
cs.LG
Recently the generalisation error of deep neural networks has been analysed through the PAC-Bayesian framework, for the case of fully connected layers. We adapt this approach to the convolutional setting.
computer science
7,449
Deep Reinforcement Learning for List-wise Recommendations
cs.LG
Recommender systems play a crucial role in mitigating the problem of information overload by suggesting users' personalized items or services. The vast majority of traditional recommender systems consider the recommendation procedure as a static process and make recommendations following a fixed strategy. In this paper...
computer science
7,450
Using Deep Neural Network Approximate Bayesian Network
cs.LG
We present a new method to approximate posterior probabilities of Bayesian Network using Deep Neural Network. Experiment results on several public Bayesian Network datasets shows that Deep Neural Network is capable of learning joint probability distri- bution of Bayesian Network by learning from a few observation and p...
computer science
7,451
Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Robust and Fast Latent Truth Discovery
cs.LG
We address the problem of latent truth discovery, LTD for short, where the goal is to discover the underlying true values of entity attributes in the presence of noisy, conflicting or incomplete information. Despite a multitude of algorithms to address the LTD problem that can be found in literature, only little is kno...
computer science
7,452
ZOOpt: Toolbox for Derivative-Free Optimization
cs.LG
Recent advances of derivative-free optimization allow efficient approximating the global optimal solutions of sophisticated functions, such as functions with many local optima, non-differentiable and non-continuous functions. This article describes the ZOOpt (https://github.com/eyounx/ZOOpt) toolbox that provides effic...
computer science
7,453
Theoretical Analysis of Sparse Subspace Clustering with Missing Entries
cs.LG
Sparse Subspace Clustering (SSC) is a popular unsupervised machine learning method for clustering data lying close to an unknown union of low-dimensional linear subspaces; a problem with numerous applications in pattern recognition and computer vision. Even though the behavior of SSC for complete data is by now well-un...
computer science
7,454
Towards Practical Conditional Risk Minimization
stat.ML
We study conditional risk minimization (CRM), i.e. the problem of learning a hypothesis of minimal risk for prediction at the next step of a sequentially arriving dependent data. Despite it being a fundamental problem, successful learning in the CRM sense has so far only been demonstrated using theoretical algorithms t...
computer science
7,455
Network-Scale Traffic Modeling and Forecasting with Graphical Lasso and Neural Networks
cs.LG
Traffic flow forecasting, especially the short-term case, is an important topic in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). This paper does a lot of research on network-scale modeling and forecasting of short-term traffic flows. Firstly, we propose the concepts of single-link and multi-link models of traffic flow fore...
computer science
7,456
Intrinsic Gaussian processes on complex constrained domains
stat.ML
We propose a class of intrinsic Gaussian processes (in-GPs) for interpolation, regression and classification on manifolds with a primary focus on complex constrained domains or irregular shaped spaces arising as subsets or submanifolds of R, R2, R3 and beyond. For example, in-GPs can accommodate spatial domains arising...
computer science
7,457
Demystifying MMD GANs
stat.ML
We investigate the training and performance of generative adversarial networks using the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) as critic, termed MMD GANs. As our main theoretical contribution, we clarify the situation with bias in GAN loss functions raised by recent work: we show that gradient estimators used in the optimizat...
computer science
7,458
Clustering of Data with Missing Entries
cs.LG
The analysis of large datasets is often complicated by the presence of missing entries, mainly because most of the current machine learning algorithms are designed to work with full data. The main focus of this work is to introduce a clustering algorithm, that will provide good clustering even in the presence of missin...
computer science
7,459
SpectralNet: Spectral Clustering using Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
Spectral clustering is a leading and popular technique in unsupervised data analysis. Two of its major limitations are scalability and generalization of the spectral embedding (i.e., out-of-sample-extension). In this paper we introduce a deep learning approach to spectral clustering that overcomes the above shortcoming...
computer science
7,460
Nonparametric Stochastic Contextual Bandits
cs.LG
We analyze the $K$-armed bandit problem where the reward for each arm is a noisy realization based on an observed context under mild nonparametric assumptions. We attain tight results for top-arm identification and a sublinear regret of $\widetilde{O}\Big(T^{\frac{1+D}{2+D}}\Big)$, where $D$ is the context dimension, f...
computer science
7,461
Closed-form marginal likelihood in Gamma-Poisson factorization
stat.ML
We present novel understandings of the Gamma-Poisson (GaP) model, a probabilistic matrix factorization model for count data. We show that GaP can be rewritten free of the score/activation matrix. This gives us new insights about the estimation of the topic/dictionary matrix by maximum marginal likelihood estimation. In...
computer science
7,462
Clustering with Outlier Removal
cs.LG
Cluster analysis and outlier detection are strongly coupled tasks in data mining area. Cluster structure can be easily destroyed by few outliers; on the contrary, the outliers are defined by the concept of cluster, which are recognized as the points belonging to none of the clusters. However, most existing studies hand...
computer science
7,463
Generating Neural Networks with Neural Networks
stat.ML
Hypernetworks are neural networks that transform a random input vector into weights for a specified target neural network. We formulate the hypernetwork training objective as a compromise between accuracy and diversity, where the diversity takes into account trivial symmetry transformations of the target network. We sh...
computer science
7,464
Adversarial Perturbation Intensity Achieving Chosen Intra-Technique Transferability Level for Logistic Regression
stat.ML
Machine Learning models have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, ie. the manipulation of data by a attacker to defeat a defender's classifier at test time. We present a novel probabilistic definition of adversarial examples in perfect or limited knowledge setting using prior probability distributions o...
computer science
7,465
A Note on the Inception Score
stat.ML
Deep generative models are powerful tools that have produced impressive results in recent years. These advances have been for the most part empirically driven, making it essential that we use high quality evaluation metrics. In this paper, we provide new insights into the Inception Score, a recently proposed and widely...
computer science
7,466
Competitive Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Sub-optimal Demonstrations
stat.ML
This paper considers the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in zero-sum stochastic games when expert demonstrations are known to be not optimal. Compared to previous works that decouple agents in the game by assuming optimality in expert strategies, we introduce a new objective function that directly pits expert...
computer science
7,467
Threshold Auto-Tuning Metric Learning
cs.LG
It has been reported repeatedly that discriminative learning of distance metric boosts the pattern recognition performance. A weak point of ITML-based methods is that the distance threshold for similarity/dissimilarity constraints must be determined manually and it is sensitive to generalization performance, although t...
computer science
7,468
Applying an Ensemble Learning Method for Improving Multi-label Classification Performance
cs.LG
In recent years, multi-label classification problem has become a controversial issue. In this kind of classification, each sample is associated with a set of class labels. Ensemble approaches are supervised learning algorithms in which an operator takes a number of learning algorithms, namely base-level algorithms and ...
computer science
7,469
Gradient Layer: Enhancing the Convergence of Adversarial Training for Generative Models
stat.ML
We propose a new technique that boosts the convergence of training generative adversarial networks. Generally, the rate of training deep models reduces severely after multiple iterations. A key reason for this phenomenon is that a deep network is expressed using a highly non-convex finite-dimensional model, and thus th...
computer science
7,470
Denoising Dictionary Learning Against Adversarial Perturbations
stat.ML
We propose denoising dictionary learning (DDL), a simple yet effective technique as a protection measure against adversarial perturbations. We examined denoising dictionary learning on MNIST and CIFAR10 perturbed under two different perturbation techniques, fast gradient sign (FGSM) and jacobian saliency maps (JSMA). W...
computer science
7,471
Deep Nearest Class Mean Model for Incremental Odor Classification
cs.LG
In recent years, more and more machine learning algorithms have been applied to odor recognition. These odor recognition algorithms usually assume that the training dataset is static. However, for some odor recognition tasks, the odor dataset is dynamically growing where not only the training samples but also the numbe...
computer science
7,472
Convexification of Neural Graph
cs.LG
Traditionally, most complex intelligence architectures are extremely non-convex, which could not be well performed by convex optimization. However, this paper decomposes complex structures into three types of nodes: operators, algorithms and functions. Iteratively, propagating from node to node along edge, we prove tha...
computer science
7,473
Online Cluster Validity Indices for Streaming Data
stat.ML
Cluster analysis is used to explore structure in unlabeled data sets in a wide range of applications. An important part of cluster analysis is validating the quality of computationally obtained clusters. A large number of different internal indices have been developed for validation in the offline setting. However, thi...
computer science
7,474
An efficient K -means clustering algorithm for massive data
stat.ML
The analysis of continously larger datasets is a task of major importance in a wide variety of scientific fields. In this sense, cluster analysis algorithms are a key element of exploratory data analysis, due to their easiness in the implementation and relatively low computational cost. Among these algorithms, the K -m...
computer science
7,475
A Predictive Approach Using Deep Feature Learning for Electronic Medical Records: A Comparative Study
cs.LG
Massive amount of electronic medical records accumulating from patients and populations motivates clinicians and data scientists to collaborate for the advanced analytics to extract knowledge that is essential to address the extensive personalized insights needed for patients, clinicians, providers, scientists, and hea...
computer science
7,476
Adaptive Graph Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (Graph CNNs) are generalizations of classical CNNs to handle graph data such as molecular data, point could and social networks. Current filters in graph CNNs are built for fixed and shared graph structure. However, for most real data, the graph structures varies in both size and con...
computer science
7,477
More Adaptive Algorithms for Adversarial Bandits
cs.LG
We develop a novel and generic algorithm for the adversarial multi-armed bandit problem (or more generally the combinatorial semi-bandit problem). When instantiated differently, our algorithm achieves various new data-dependent regret bounds improving previous work. Examples include: 1) a regret bound depending on the ...
computer science
7,478
Weakly Supervised One-Shot Detection with Attention Siamese Networks
stat.ML
We consider the task of weakly supervised one-shot detection. In this task, we attempt to perform a detection task over a set of unseen classes, when training only using weak binary labels that indicate the existence of a class instance in a given example. The model is conditioned on a single exemplar of an unseen clas...
computer science
7,479
Approximation beats concentration? An approximation view on inference with smooth radial kernels
cs.LG
Positive definite kernels and their associated Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces provide a mathematically compelling and practically competitive framework for learning from data. In this paper we take the approximation theory point of view to explore various aspects of smooth kernels related to their inferential prop...
computer science
7,480
Inference Suboptimality in Variational Autoencoders
cs.LG
Amortized inference allows latent-variable models trained via variational learning to scale to large datasets. The quality of approximate inference is determined by two factors: a) the capacity of the variational distribution to match the true posterior and b) the ability of the recognition network to produce good vari...
computer science
7,481
Autoencoders and Probabilistic Inference with Missing Data: An Exact Solution for The Factor Analysis Case
cs.LG
Latent variable models can be used to probabilistically "fill-in" missing data entries. The variational autoencoder architecture (Kingma and Welling, 2014; Rezende et al., 2014) includes a "recognition" or "encoder" network that infers the latent variables given the data variables. However, it is not clear how to handl...
computer science
7,482
Noisy Expectation-Maximization: Applications and Generalizations
stat.ML
We present a noise-injected version of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm: the Noisy Expectation Maximization (NEM) algorithm. The NEM algorithm uses noise to speed up the convergence of the EM algorithm. The NEM theorem shows that injected noise speeds up the average convergence of the EM algorithm to a local...
computer science
7,483
A3T: Adversarially Augmented Adversarial Training
cs.LG
Recent research showed that deep neural networks are highly sensitive to so-called adversarial perturbations, which are tiny perturbations of the input data purposely designed to fool a machine learning classifier. Most classification models, including deep learning models, are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks....
computer science
7,484
MINE: Mutual Information Neural Estimation
cs.LG
We argue that the estimation of mutual information between high dimensional continuous random variables can be achieved by gradient descent over neural networks. We present a Mutual Information Neural Estimator (MINE) that is linearly scalable in dimensionality as well as in sample size, trainable through back-prop, an...
computer science
7,485
Deep Learning for Sampling from Arbitrary Probability Distributions
cs.LG
This paper proposes a fully connected neural network model to map samples from a uniform distribution to samples of any explicitly known probability density function. During the training, the Jensen-Shannon divergence between the distribution of the model's output and the target distribution is minimized. We experiment...
computer science
7,486
Multivariate LSTM-FCNs for Time Series Classification
cs.LG
Over the past decade, multivariate time series classification has been receiving a lot of attention. We propose augmenting the existing univariate time series classification models, LSTM-FCN and ALSTM-FCN with a squeeze and excitation block to further improve performance. Our proposed models outperform most of the stat...
computer science
7,487
Global Convergence of Policy Gradient Methods for Linearized Control Problems
cs.LG
Direct policy gradient methods for reinforcement learning and continuous control problems are a popular approach for a variety of reasons: 1) they are easy to implement without explicit knowledge of the underlying model 2) they are an "end-to-end" approach, directly optimizing the performance metric of interest 3) they...
computer science
7,488
Understanding the Disharmony between Dropout and Batch Normalization by Variance Shift
cs.LG
This paper first answers the question "why do the two most powerful techniques Dropout and Batch Normalization (BN) often lead to a worse performance when they are combined together?" in both theoretical and statistical aspects. Theoretically, we find that Dropout would shift the variance of a specific neural unit when...
computer science
7,489
Deep Canonically Correlated LSTMs
stat.ML
We examine Deep Canonically Correlated LSTMs as a way to learn nonlinear transformations of variable length sequences and embed them into a correlated, fixed dimensional space. We use LSTMs to transform multi-view time-series data non-linearly while learning temporal relationships within the data. We then perform corre...
computer science
7,490
Deep Neural Networks for Survival Analysis Based on a Multi-Task Framework
stat.ML
Survival analysis/time-to-event models are extremely useful as they can help companies predict when a customer will buy a product, churn or default on a loan, and therefore help them improve their ROI. In this paper, we introduce a new method to calculate survival functions using the Multi-Task Logistic Regression (MTL...
computer science
7,491
Composite Functional Gradient Learning of Generative Adversarial Models
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks (GAN) have become popular for generating data that mimic observations by learning a suitable variable transformation from a random variable. However, empirically, GAN is known to suffer from instability. Also, the theory provided based on the minimax optimization formulation of GAN canno...
computer science
7,492
Global overview of Imitation Learning
stat.ML
Imitation Learning is a sequential task where the learner tries to mimic an expert's action in order to achieve the best performance. Several algorithms have been proposed recently for this task. In this project, we aim at proposing a wide review of these algorithms, presenting their main features and comparing them on...
computer science
7,493
On the Iteration Complexity Analysis of Stochastic Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient Approach with High Probability
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a stochastic Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient (PDHG) approach for solving a wide spectrum of regularized stochastic minimization problems, where the regularization term is composite with a linear function. It has been recognized that solving this kind of problem is challenging since the closed-form...
computer science
7,494
Offline A/B testing for Recommender Systems
stat.ML
Before A/B testing online a new version of a recommender system, it is usual to perform some offline evaluations on historical data. We focus on evaluation methods that compute an estimator of the potential uplift in revenue that could generate this new technology. It helps to iterate faster and to avoid losing money b...
computer science
7,495
Optimizing Prediction Intervals by Tuning Random Forest via Meta-Validation
cs.LG
Recent studies have shown that tuning prediction models increases prediction accuracy and that Random Forest can be used to construct prediction intervals. However, to our best knowledge, no study has investigated the need to, and the manner in which one can, tune Random Forest for optimizing prediction intervals { thi...
computer science
7,496
Rover Descent: Learning to optimize by learning to navigate on prototypical loss surfaces
cs.LG
Learning to optimize - the idea that we can learn from data algorithms that optimize a numerical criterion - has recently been at the heart of a growing number of research efforts. One of the most challenging issues within this approach is to learn a policy that is able to optimize over classes of functions that are fa...
computer science
7,497
Convergence of Value Aggregation for Imitation Learning
cs.LG
Value aggregation is a general framework for solving imitation learning problems. Based on the idea of data aggregation, it generates a policy sequence by iteratively interleaving policy optimization and evaluation in an online learning setting. While the existence of a good policy in the policy sequence can be guarant...
computer science
7,498
The Hybrid Bootstrap: A Drop-in Replacement for Dropout
stat.ML
Regularization is an important component of predictive model building. The hybrid bootstrap is a regularization technique that functions similarly to dropout except that features are resampled from other training points rather than replaced with zeros. We show that the hybrid bootstrap offers superior performance to dr...
computer science
7,499
Generalized two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis with regularization
cs.LG
Recent advances show that two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (2DLDA) is a successful matrix based dimensionality reduction method. However, 2DLDA may encounter the singularity issue theoretically and the sensitivity to outliers. In this paper, a generalized Lp-norm 2DLDA framework with regularization for an a...
computer science