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7,600
Fast Global Convergence via Landscape of Empirical Loss
stat.ML
While optimizing convex objective (loss) functions has been a powerhouse for machine learning for at least two decades, non-convex loss functions have attracted fast growing interests recently, due to many desirable properties such as superior robustness and classification accuracy, compared with their convex counterpa...
computer science
7,601
Barista - a Graphical Tool for Designing and Training Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
In recent years, the importance of deep learning has significantly increased in pattern recognition, computer vision, and artificial intelligence research, as well as in industry. However, despite the existence of multiple deep learning frameworks, there is a lack of comprehensible and easy-to-use high-level tools for ...
computer science
7,602
Unsupervised Evaluation and Weighted Aggregation of Ranked Predictions
stat.ML
Learning algorithms that aggregate predictions from an ensemble of diverse base classifiers consistently outperform individual methods. Many of these strategies have been developed in a supervised setting, where the accuracy of each base classifier can be empirically measured and this information is incorporated in the...
computer science
7,603
Neural Relational Inference for Interacting Systems
stat.ML
Interacting systems are prevalent in nature, from dynamical systems in physics to complex societal dynamics. The interplay of components can give rise to complex behavior, which can often be explained using a simple model of the system's constituent parts. In this work, we introduce the neural relational inference (NRI...
computer science
7,604
Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learning
cs.LG
Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a variation of supervised learning where a single class label is assigned to a bag of instances. In this paper, we state the MIL problem as learning the Bernoulli distribution of the bag label where the bag label probability is fully parameterized by neural networks. Furthermore, we ...
computer science
7,605
Online Variance Reduction for Stochastic Optimization
stat.ML
Modern stochastic optimization methods often rely on uniform sampling which is agnostic to the underlying characteristics of the data. This might degrade the convergence by yielding estimates that suffer from a high variance. A possible remedy is to employ non-uniform importance sampling techniques, which take the stru...
computer science
7,606
Substation Signal Matching with a Bagged Token Classifier
stat.ML
Currently, engineers at substation service providers match customer data with the corresponding internally used signal names manually. This paper proposes a machine learning method to automate this process based on substation signal mapping data from a repository of executed projects. To this end, a bagged token classi...
computer science
7,607
An Improved Bayesian Framework for Quadrature of Constrained Integrands
cs.LG
Quadrature is the problem of estimating intractable integrals, a problem that arises in many Bayesian machine learning settings. We present an improved Bayesian framework for estimating intractable integrals of specific kinds of constrained integrands. We derive the necessary approximation scheme for a specific and esp...
computer science
7,608
Learning Confidence for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Neural Networks
stat.ML
Modern neural networks are very powerful predictive models, but they are often incapable of recognizing when their predictions may be wrong. Closely related to this is the task of out-of-distribution detection, where a network must determine whether or not an input is outside of the set on which it is expected to safel...
computer science
7,609
SimplE Embedding for Link Prediction in Knowledge Graphs
stat.ML
The aim of knowledge graphs is to gather knowledge about the world and provide a structured representation of this knowledge. Current knowledge graphs are far from complete. To address the incompleteness of the knowledge graphs, link prediction approaches have been developed which make probabilistic predictions about n...
computer science
7,610
GILBO: One Metric to Measure Them All
stat.ML
We propose a simple, tractable lower bound on the mutual information contained in the joint generative density of any latent variable generative model: the GILBO (Generative Information Lower BOund). It offers a data independent measure of the complexity of the learned latent variable description, giving the log of the...
computer science
7,611
Uncertainty Estimation via Stochastic Batch Normalization
stat.ML
In this work, we investigate Batch Normalization technique and propose its probabilistic interpretation. We propose a probabilistic model and show that Batch Normalization maximazes the lower bound of its marginalized log-likelihood. Then, according to the new probabilistic model, we design an algorithm which acts cons...
computer science
7,612
Compressive Sensing with Low Precision Data Representation: Radio Astronomy and Beyond
stat.ML
Modern scientific instruments produce vast amounts of data, which can overwhelm the processing ability of computer systems. Lossy compression of data is an intriguing solution but comes with its own dangers, such as potential signal loss, and the need for careful parameter optimization. In this work, we focus on a sett...
computer science
7,613
Prophit: Causal inverse classification for multiple continuously valued treatment policies
cs.LG
Inverse classification uses an induced classifier as a queryable oracle to guide test instances towards a preferred posterior class label. The result produced from the process is a set of instance-specific feature perturbations, or recommendations, that optimally improve the probability of the class label. In this work...
computer science
7,614
DVAE++: Discrete Variational Autoencoders with Overlapping Transformations
cs.LG
Training of discrete latent variable models remains challenging because passing gradient information through discrete units is difficult. We propose a new class of smoothing transformations based on a mixture of two overlapping distributions, and show that the proposed transformation can be used for training binary lat...
computer science
7,615
Edge Attention-based Multi-Relational Graph Convolutional Networks
stat.ML
Graph convolutional network (GCN) is generalization of convolutional neural network (CNN) to work with arbitrarily structured graphs. A binary adjacency matrix is commonly used in training a GCN. Recently, the attention mechanism allows the network to learn a dynamic and adaptive aggregation of the neighborhood. We pro...
computer science
7,616
D2KE: From Distance to Kernel and Embedding
stat.ML
For many machine learning problem settings, particularly with structured inputs such as sequences or sets of objects, a distance measure between inputs can be specified more naturally than a feature representation. However, most standard machine models are designed for inputs with a vector feature representation. In th...
computer science
7,617
Robust Continuous Co-Clustering
cs.LG
Clustering consists of grouping together samples giving their similar properties. The problem of modeling simultaneously groups of samples and features is known as Co-Clustering. This paper introduces ROCCO - a Robust Continuous Co-Clustering algorithm. ROCCO is a scalable, hyperparameter-free, easy and ready to use al...
computer science
7,618
L4: Practical loss-based stepsize adaptation for deep learning
cs.LG
We propose a stepsize adaptation scheme for stochastic gradient descent. It operates directly with the loss function and rescales the gradient in order to make fixed predicted progress on the loss. We demonstrate its capabilities by strongly improving the performance of Adam and Momentum optimizers. The enhanced optimi...
computer science
7,619
On the Blindspots of Convolutional Networks
stat.ML
Deep convolutional network has been the state-of-the-art approach for a wide variety of tasks over the last few years. Its successes have, in many cases, turned it into the default model in quite a few domains. In this work we will demonstrate that convolutional networks have limitations that may, in some cases, hinder...
computer science
7,620
Online Learning for Non-Stationary A/B Tests
cs.LG
The rollout of new versions of a feature in modern applications is a manual multi-stage process, as the feature is released to ever larger groups of users, while its performance is carefully monitored. This kind of A/B testing is ubiquitous, but suboptimal, as the monitoring requires heavy human intervention, is not gu...
computer science
7,621
Multimodal Generative Models for Scalable Weakly-Supervised Learning
cs.LG
Multiple modalities often co-occur when describing natural phenomena. Learning a joint representation of these modalities should yield deeper and more useful representations. Previous work have proposed generative models to handle multi-modal input. However, these models either do not learn a joint distribution or requ...
computer science
7,622
The Role of Information Complexity and Randomization in Representation Learning
stat.ML
A grand challenge in representation learning is to learn the different explanatory factors of variation behind the high dimen- sional data. Encoder models are often determined to optimize performance on training data when the real objective is to generalize well to unseen data. Although there is enough numerical eviden...
computer science
7,623
Active Feature Acquisition with Supervised Matrix Completion
cs.LG
Feature missing is a serious problem in many applications, which may lead to low quality of training data and further significantly degrade the learning performance. While feature acquisition usually involves special devices or complex process, it is expensive to acquire all feature values for the whole dataset. On the...
computer science
7,624
Shamap: Shape-based Manifold Learning
cs.LG
For manifold learning, it is assumed that high-dimensional sample/data points are on an embedded low-dimensional manifold. Usually, distances among samples are computed to represent the underlying data structure, for a specified distance measure such as the Euclidean distance or geodesic distance. For manifold learning...
computer science
7,625
Reducing over-clustering via the powered Chinese restaurant process
cs.LG
Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) models tend to produce many small clusters regardless of whether they are needed to accurately characterize the data - this is particularly true for large data sets. However, interpretability, parsimony, data storage and communication costs all are hampered by having overly many clusters...
computer science
7,626
Cost-Effective Training of Deep CNNs with Active Model Adaptation
cs.LG
Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in various applications. However, training an effective DNN model for a specific task is rather challenging because it requires a prior knowledge or experience to design the network architecture, repeated trial-and-error process to tune the parameters, and ...
computer science
7,627
Selecting the Best in GANs Family: a Post Selection Inference Framework
cs.LG
"Which Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) generates the most plausible images?" has been a frequently asked question among researchers. To address this problem, we first propose an \emph{incomplete} U-statistics estimate of maximum mean discrepancy $\mathrm{MMD}_{inc}$ to measure the distribution discrepancy betwee...
computer science
7,628
On the Theory of Variance Reduction for Stochastic Gradient Monte Carlo
stat.ML
We provide convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for a variety of variance-reduction methods: SAGA Langevin diffusion, SVRG Langevin diffusion and control-variate underdamped Langevin diffusion. We analyze these methods under a uniform set of assumptions on the log-posterior distribution, assuming it to be smo...
computer science
7,629
Bandit Learning with Positive Externalities
cs.LG
Many platforms are characterized by the fact that future user arrivals are likely to have preferences similar to users who were satisfied in the past. In other words, arrivals exhibit {\em positive externalities}. We study multiarmed bandit (MAB) problems with positive externalities. Our model has a finite number of ar...
computer science
7,630
Fair Clustering Through Fairlets
cs.LG
We study the question of fair clustering under the {\em disparate impact} doctrine, where each protected class must have approximately equal representation in every cluster. We formulate the fair clustering problem under both the $k$-center and the $k$-median objectives, and show that even with two protected classes th...
computer science
7,631
Horovod: fast and easy distributed deep learning in TensorFlow
cs.LG
Training modern deep learning models requires large amounts of computation, often provided by GPUs. Scaling computation from one GPU to many can enable much faster training and research progress but entails two complications. First, the training library must support inter-GPU communication. Depending on the particular ...
computer science
7,632
Distributed Stochastic Optimization via Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Descent
stat.ML
Stochastic convex optimization algorithms are the most popular way to train machine learning models on large-scale data. Scaling up the training process of these models is crucial in many applications, but the most popular algorithm, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), is a serial algorithm that is surprisingly hard to ...
computer science
7,633
Learning Latent Features with Pairwise Penalties in Matrix Completion
stat.ML
Low-rank matrix completion (MC) has achieved great success in many real-world data applications. A latent feature model formulation is usually employed and, to improve prediction performance, the similarities between latent variables can be exploited by pairwise learning, e.g., the graph regularized matrix factorizatio...
computer science
7,634
Auto-Encoding Total Correlation Explanation
cs.LG
Advances in unsupervised learning enable reconstruction and generation of samples from complex distributions, but this success is marred by the inscrutability of the representations learned. We propose an information-theoretic approach to characterizing disentanglement and dependence in representation learning using mu...
computer science
7,635
Train on Validation: Squeezing the Data Lemon
stat.ML
Model selection on validation data is an essential step in machine learning. While the mixing of data between training and validation is considered taboo, practitioners often violate it to increase performance. Here, we offer a simple, practical method for using the validation set for training, which allows for a conti...
computer science
7,636
Pattern Localization in Time Series through Signal-To-Model Alignment in Latent Space
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the problem of locating a predefined sequence of patterns in a time series. In particular, the studied scenario assumes a theoretical model is available that contains the expected locations of the patterns. This problem is found in several contexts, and it is commonly solved by first synthesizin...
computer science
7,637
Tensor-based Nonlinear Classifier for High-Order Data Analysis
cs.LG
In this paper we propose a tensor-based nonlinear model for high-order data classification. The advantages of the proposed scheme are that (i) it significantly reduces the number of weight parameters, and hence of required training samples, and (ii) it retains the spatial structure of the input samples. The proposed mo...
computer science
7,638
Disentangling by Factorising
stat.ML
We define and address the problem of unsupervised learning of disentangled representations on data generated from independent factors of variation. We propose FactorVAE, a method that disentangles by encouraging the distribution of representations to be factorial and hence independent across the dimensions. We show tha...
computer science
7,639
Orthogonality-Promoting Distance Metric Learning: Convex Relaxation and Theoretical Analysis
cs.LG
Distance metric learning (DML), which learns a distance metric from labeled "similar" and "dissimilar" data pairs, is widely utilized. Recently, several works investigate orthogonality-promoting regularization (OPR), which encourages the projection vectors in DML to be close to being orthogonal, to achieve three effect...
computer science
7,640
Policy Evaluation and Optimization with Continuous Treatments
stat.ML
We study the problem of policy evaluation and learning from batched contextual bandit data when treatments are continuous, going beyond previous work on discrete treatments. Previous work for discrete treatment/action spaces focuses on inverse probability weighting (IPW) and doubly robust (DR) methods that use a reject...
computer science
7,641
CapsuleGAN: Generative Adversarial Capsule Network
stat.ML
We present Generative Adversarial Capsule Network (CapsuleGAN), a framework that uses capsule networks (CapsNets) instead of the standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as discriminators within the generative adversarial network (GAN) setting, while modeling image data. We provide guidelines for designing CapsNet...
computer science
7,642
Efficient GAN-Based Anomaly Detection
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are able to model the complex highdimensional distributions of real-world data, which suggests they could be effective for anomaly detection. However, few works have explored the use of GANs for the anomaly detection task. We leverage recently developed GAN models for anomaly dete...
computer science
7,643
Exact and Robust Conformal Inference Methods for Predictive Machine Learning With Dependent Data
stat.ML
We extend conformal inference to general settings that allow for time series data. Our proposal is developed as a randomization method and accounts for potential serial dependence by including block structures in the permutation scheme. As a result, the proposed method retains the exact, model-free validity when the da...
computer science
7,644
Learning Adversarially Fair and Transferable Representations
cs.LG
In this work, we advocate for representation learning as the key to mitigating unfair prediction outcomes downstream. We envision a scenario where learned representations may be handed off to other entities with unknown objectives. We propose and explore adversarial representation learning as a natural method of ensuri...
computer science
7,645
Efficient Gaussian Process Classification Using Polya-Gamma Data Augmentation
stat.ML
We propose an efficient stochastic variational approach to GP classification building on Polya- Gamma data augmentation and inducing points, which is based on closed-form updates of natural gradients. We evaluate the algorithm on real-world datasets containing up to 11 million data points and demonstrate that it is up ...
computer science
7,646
Training Big Random Forests with Little Resources
cs.LG
Without access to large compute clusters, building random forests on large datasets is still a challenging problem. This is, in particular, the case if fully-grown trees are desired. We propose a simple yet effective framework that allows to efficiently construct ensembles of huge trees for hundreds of millions or even...
computer science
7,647
Towards Ultra-High Performance and Energy Efficiency of Deep Learning Systems: An Algorithm-Hardware Co-Optimization Framework
cs.LG
Hardware accelerations of deep learning systems have been extensively investigated in industry and academia. The aim of this paper is to achieve ultra-high energy efficiency and performance for hardware implementations of deep neural networks (DNNs). An algorithm-hardware co-optimization framework is developed, which i...
computer science
7,648
RadialGAN: Leveraging multiple datasets to improve target-specific predictive models using Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Training complex machine learning models for prediction often requires a large amount of data that is not always readily available. Leveraging these external datasets from related but different sources is therefore an important task if good predictive models are to be built for deployment in settings where data can be ...
computer science
7,649
Music Genre Classification using Masked Conditional Neural Networks
cs.LG
The ConditionaL Neural Networks (CLNN) and the Masked ConditionaL Neural Networks (MCLNN) exploit the nature of multi-dimensional temporal signals. The CLNN captures the conditional temporal influence between the frames in a window and the mask in the MCLNN enforces a systematic sparseness that follows a filterbank-lik...
computer science
7,650
A Generative Modeling Approach to Limited Channel ECG Classification
stat.ML
Processing temporal sequences is central to a variety of applications in health care, and in particular multi-channel Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a highly prevalent diagnostic modality that relies on robust sequence modeling. While Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have led to significant advances in automated diagnosis ...
computer science
7,651
Local Geometry of One-Hidden-Layer Neural Networks for Logistic Regression
stat.ML
We study the local geometry of a one-hidden-layer fully-connected neural network where the training samples are generated from a multi-neuron logistic regression model. We prove that under Gaussian input, the empirical risk function employing quadratic loss exhibits strong convexity and smoothness uniformly in a local ...
computer science
7,652
Heron Inference for Bayesian Graphical Models
cs.LG
Bayesian graphical models have been shown to be a powerful tool for discovering uncertainty and causal structure from real-world data in many application fields. Current inference methods primarily follow different kinds of trade-offs between computational complexity and predictive accuracy. At one end of the spectrum,...
computer science
7,653
Are Generative Classifiers More Robust to Adversarial Attacks?
cs.LG
There is a rising interest in studying the robustness of deep neural network classifiers against adversaries, with both advanced attack and defence techniques being actively developed. However, most recent work focuses on discriminative classifiers which only models the conditional distribution of the labels given the ...
computer science
7,654
Finding Influential Training Samples for Gradient Boosted Decision Trees
cs.LG
We address the problem of finding influential training samples for a particular case of tree ensemble-based models, e.g., Random Forest (RF) or Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT). A natural way of formalizing this problem is studying how the model's predictions change upon leave-one-out retraining, leaving out each...
computer science
7,655
Degeneration in VAE: in the Light of Fisher Information Loss
stat.ML
Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is one of the most popular generative models, and enormous advances have been explored in recent years. Due to the increasing complexity of the raw data and the model architecture, deep networks are needed in VAE models while few works discuss their impacts. According to our observation, V...
computer science
7,656
Interpretable VAEs for nonlinear group factor analysis
cs.LG
Deep generative models have recently yielded encouraging results in producing subjectively realistic samples of complex data. Far less attention has been paid to making these generative models interpretable. In many scenarios, ranging from scientific applications to finance, the observed variables have a natural groupi...
computer science
7,657
Entropy-Isomap: Manifold Learning for High-dimensional Dynamic Processes
stat.ML
Scientific and engineering processes produce massive high-dimensional data sets that are generated as highly non-linear transformations of an initial state and few process parameters. Mapping such data to a low-dimensional manifold can facilitate better understanding of the underlying process, and ultimately their opti...
computer science
7,658
Distribution Matching in Variational Inference
stat.ML
The difficulties in matching the latent posterior to the prior, balancing powerful posteriors with computational efficiency, and the reduced flexibility of data likelihoods are the biggest challenges in the advancement of Variational Autoencoders. We show that these issues arise due to struggles in marginal divergence ...
computer science
7,659
LSALSA: efficient sparse coding in single and multiple dictionary settings
cs.LG
We propose an efficient sparse coding (SC) framework for obtaining sparse representation of data. The proposed framework is very general and applies to both the single dictionary setting, where each data point is represented as a sparse combination of the columns of one dictionary matrix, as well as the multiple dictio...
computer science
7,660
Estimator of Prediction Error Based on Approximate Message Passing for Penalized Linear Regression
stat.ML
We propose an estimator of prediction error using an approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm that can be applied to a broad range of sparse penalties. Following Stein's lemma, the estimator of the generalized degrees of freedom, which is a key quantity for the construction of the estimator of the prediction error, ...
computer science
7,661
DeepThin: A Self-Compressing Library for Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
As the industry deploys increasingly large and complex neural networks to mobile devices, more pressure is put on the memory and compute resources of those devices. Deep compression, or compression of deep neural network weight matrices, is a technique to stretch resources for such scenarios. Existing compression metho...
computer science
7,662
High-Order Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network: A Deep Learning Framework for Network-Scale Traffic Learning and Forecasting
cs.LG
Traffic forecasting is a challenging task, due to the complicated spatial dependencies on roadway networks and the time-varying traffic patterns. To address this challenge, we learn the traffic network as a graph and propose a novel deep learning framework, High-Order Graph Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Neural N...
computer science
7,663
Learning to Abstain via Curve Optimization
stat.ML
In practical applications of machine learning, it is often desirable to identify and abstain on examples where the a model's predictions are likely to be incorrect. We consider the problem of selecting a budget-constrained subset of test examples to abstain on, with the goal of maximizing performance on the remaining e...
computer science
7,664
High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization via Additive Models with Overlapping Groups
cs.LG
Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular technique for sequential black-box function optimization, with applications including parameter tuning, robotics, environmental monitoring, and more. One of the most important challenges in BO is the development of algorithms that scale to high dimensions, which remains a key ope...
computer science
7,665
How to Tackle an Extremely Hard Learning Problem: Learning Causal Structures from Non-Experimental Data without the Faithfulness Assumption or the Like
stat.ML
Most methods for learning causal structures from non-experimental data rely on some assumptions of simplicity, the most famous of which is known as the Faithfulness condition. Without assuming such conditions to begin with, we develop a learning theory for inferring the structure of a causal Bayesian network, and we us...
computer science
7,666
Learning of Optimal Forecast Aggregation in Partial Evidence Environments
cs.LG
We consider the forecast aggregation problem in repeated settings, where the forecasts are done on a binary event. At each period multiple experts provide forecasts about an event. The goal of the aggregator is to aggregate those forecasts into a subjective accurate forecast. We assume that experts are Bayesian; namely...
computer science
7,667
Out-distribution training confers robustness to deep neural networks
cs.LG
The easiness at which adversarial instances can be generated in deep neural networks raises some fundamental questions on their functioning and concerns on their use in critical systems. In this paper, we draw a connection between over-generalization and adversaries: a possible cause of adversaries lies in models desig...
computer science
7,668
On Estimating Multi-Attribute Choice Preferences using Private Signals and Matrix Factorization
stat.ML
Revealed preference theory studies the possibility of modeling an agent's revealed preferences and the construction of a consistent utility function. However, modeling agent's choices over preference orderings is not always practical and demands strong assumptions on human rationality and data-acquisition abilities. Th...
computer science
7,669
Adaptive Sampling for Coarse Ranking
cs.LG
We consider the problem of active coarse ranking, where the goal is to sort items according to their means into clusters of pre-specified sizes, by adaptively sampling from their reward distributions. This setting is useful in many social science applications involving human raters and the approximate rank of every ite...
computer science
7,670
Neural Architecture Search with Bayesian Optimisation and Optimal Transport
cs.LG
Bayesian Optimisation (BO) refers to a class of methods for global optimisation of a function $f$ which is only accessible via point evaluations. It is typically used in settings where $f$ is expensive to evaluate. A common use case for BO in machine learning is model selection, where it is not possible to analytically...
computer science
7,671
AutoPrognosis: Automated Clinical Prognostic Modeling via Bayesian Optimization with Structured Kernel Learning
cs.LG
Clinical prognostic models derived from largescale healthcare data can inform critical diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. To enable off-theshelf usage of machine learning (ML) in prognostic research, we developed AUTOPROGNOSIS: a system for automating the design of predictive modeling pipelines tailored for clinical...
computer science
7,672
Attack Strength vs. Detectability Dilemma in Adversarial Machine Learning
stat.ML
As the prevalence and everyday use of machine learning algorithms, along with our reliance on these algorithms grow dramatically, so do the efforts to attack and undermine these algorithms with malicious intent, resulting in a growing interest in adversarial machine learning. A number of approaches have been developed ...
computer science
7,673
Bayesian Incremental Learning for Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
In industrial machine learning pipelines, data often arrive in parts. Particularly in the case of deep neural networks, it may be too expensive to train the model from scratch each time, so one would rather use a previously learned model and the new data to improve performance. However, deep neural networks are prone t...
computer science
7,674
On the Statistical Challenges of Echo State Networks and Some Potential Remedies
stat.ML
Echo state networks are powerful recurrent neural networks. However, they are often unstable and shaky, making the process of finding an good ESN for a specific dataset quite hard. Obtaining a superb accuracy by using the Echo State Network is a challenging task. We create, develop and implement a family of predictably...
computer science
7,675
A Study into the similarity in generator and discriminator in GAN architecture
cs.LG
One popular generative model that has high-quality results is the Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN). This type of architecture consists of two separate networks that play against each other. The generator creates an output from the input noise that is given to it. The discriminator has the task of determining if the...
computer science
7,676
The Many Faces of Exponential Weights in Online Learning
stat.ML
A standard introduction to online learning might place Online Gradient Descent at its center and then proceed to develop generalizations and extensions like Online Mirror Descent and second-order methods. Here we explore the alternative approach of putting exponential weights (EW) first. We show that many standard meth...
computer science
7,677
Information Theoretic Co-Training
cs.LG
This paper introduces an information theoretic co-training objective for unsupervised learning. We consider the problem of predicting the future. Rather than predict future sensations (image pixels or sound waves) we predict "hypotheses" to be confirmed by future sensations. More formally, we assume a population distri...
computer science
7,678
Detecting Learning vs Memorization in Deep Neural Networks using Shared Structure Validation Sets
stat.ML
The roles played by learning and memorization represent an important topic in deep learning research. Recent work on this subject has shown that the optimization behavior of DNNs trained on shuffled labels is qualitatively different from DNNs trained with real labels. Here, we propose a novel permutation approach that ...
computer science
7,679
Determining the best classifier for predicting the value of a boolean field on a blood donor database
stat.ML
Motivation: Thanks to digitization, we often have access to large databases, consisting of various fields of information, ranging from numbers to texts and even boolean values. Such databases lend themselves especially well to machine learning, classification and big data analysis tasks. We are able to train classifier...
computer science
7,680
Regional Multi-Armed Bandits
cs.LG
We consider a variant of the classic multi-armed bandit problem where the expected reward of each arm is a function of an unknown parameter. The arms are divided into different groups, each of which has a common parameter. Therefore, when the player selects an arm at each time slot, information of other arms in the sam...
computer science
7,681
Iterate averaging as regularization for stochastic gradient descent
cs.LG
We propose and analyze a variant of the classic Polyak-Ruppert averaging scheme, broadly used in stochastic gradient methods. Rather than a uniform average of the iterates, we consider a weighted average, with weights decaying in a geometric fashion. In the context of linear least squares regression, we show that this ...
computer science
7,682
Learning Topic Models by Neighborhood Aggregation
stat.ML
Topic models are one of the most frequently used models in machine learning due to its high interpretability and modular structure. However extending the model to include supervisory signal, incorporate pre-trained word embedding vectors and add nonlinear output function to the model is not an easy task because one has...
computer science
7,683
Characterizing Implicit Bias in Terms of Optimization Geometry
stat.ML
We study the bias of generic optimization methods, including Mirror Descent, Natural Gradient Descent and Steepest Descent with respect to different potentials and norms, when optimizing underdetermined linear regression or separable linear classification problems. We ask the question of whether the global minimum (amo...
computer science
7,684
Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Convolutional Neural Networks by Selective Network Augmentation
cs.LG
Lifelong learning aims to develop machine learning systems that can learn new tasks while preserving the performance on previous tasks. This approach can be applied, for example, to prevent accident on autonomous vehicles by applying the knowledge learned on previous situations. In this paper we present a method to ove...
computer science
7,685
On Abruptly-Changing and Slowly-Varying Multiarmed Bandit Problems
stat.ML
We study the non-stationary stochastic multiarmed bandit (MAB) problem and propose two generic algorithms, namely, the limited memory deterministic sequencing of exploration and exploitation (LM-DSEE) and the Sliding-Window Upper Confidence Bound# (SW-UCB#). We rigorously analyze these algorithms in abruptly-changing a...
computer science
7,686
Solving Linear Inverse Problems Using GAN Priors: An Algorithm with Provable Guarantees
stat.ML
In recent works, both sparsity-based methods as well as learning-based methods have proven to be successful in solving several challenging linear inverse problems. However, sparsity priors for natural signals and images suffer from poor discriminative capability, while learning-based methods seldom provide concrete the...
computer science
7,687
The Weighted Kendall and High-order Kernels for Permutations
stat.ML
We propose new positive definite kernels for permutations. First we introduce a weighted version of the Kendall kernel, which allows to weight unequally the contributions of different item pairs in the permutations depending on their ranks. Like the Kendall kernel, we show that the weighted version is invariant to rela...
computer science
7,688
Empirical Risk Minimization under Fairness Constraints
stat.ML
We address the problem of algorithmic fairness: ensuring that sensitive variables do not unfairly influence the outcome of a classifier. We present an approach based on empirical risk minimization, which incorporates a fairness constraint into the learning problem. It encourages the conditional risk of the learned clas...
computer science
7,689
Learning Latent Permutations with Gumbel-Sinkhorn Networks
stat.ML
Permutations and matchings are core building blocks in a variety of latent variable models, as they allow us to align, canonicalize, and sort data. Learning in such models is difficult, however, because exact marginalization over these combinatorial objects is intractable. In response, this paper introduces a collectio...
computer science
7,690
Deep Multi-View Spatial-Temporal Network for Taxi Demand Prediction
cs.LG
Taxi demand prediction is an important building block to enabling intelligent transportation systems in a smart city. An accurate prediction model can help the city pre-allocate resources to meet travel demand and to reduce empty taxis on streets which waste energy and worsen the traffic congestion. With the increasing...
computer science
7,691
Diffusion Maps meet Nyström
stat.ML
Diffusion maps are an emerging data-driven technique for non-linear dimensionality reduction, which are especially useful for the analysis of coherent structures and nonlinear embeddings of dynamical systems. However, the computational complexity of the diffusion maps algorithm scales with the number of observations. T...
computer science
7,692
Is Generator Conditioning Causally Related to GAN Performance?
stat.ML
Recent work (Pennington et al, 2017) suggests that controlling the entire distribution of Jacobian singular values is an important design consideration in deep learning. Motivated by this, we study the distribution of singular values of the Jacobian of the generator in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We find th...
computer science
7,693
A Walk with SGD
stat.ML
Exploring why stochastic gradient descent (SGD) based optimization methods train deep neural networks (DNNs) that generalize well has become an active area of research. Towards this end, we empirically study the dynamics of SGD when training over-parametrized DNNs. Specifically we study the DNN loss surface along the t...
computer science
7,694
Extremely Fast Decision Tree
cs.LG
We introduce a novel incremental decision tree learning algorithm, Hoeffding Anytime Tree, that is statistically more efficient than the current state-of-the-art, Hoeffding Tree. We demonstrate that an implementation of Hoeffding Anytime Tree---"Extremely Fast Decision Tree", a minor modification to the MOA implementat...
computer science
7,695
Product Kernel Interpolation for Scalable Gaussian Processes
cs.LG
Recent work shows that inference for Gaussian processes can be performed efficiently using iterative methods that rely only on matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs). Structured Kernel Interpolation (SKI) exploits these techniques by deriving approximate kernels with very fast MVMs. Unfortunately, such strategies suffer ...
computer science
7,696
Dynamic Bidding for Advance Commitments in Truckload Brokerage Markets
stat.ML
Truckload brokerages, a $100 billion/year industry in the U.S., plays the critical role of matching shippers with carriers, often to move loads several days into the future. Brokerages not only have to find companies that will agree to move a load, the brokerage often has to find a price that both the shipper and carri...
computer science
7,697
Functional Gradient Boosting based on Residual Network Perception
stat.ML
Residual Networks (ResNets) have become state-of-the-art models in deep learning and several theoretical studies have been devoted to understanding why ResNet works so well. One attractive viewpoint on ResNet is that it is optimizing the risk in a functional space by combining an ensemble of effective features. In this...
computer science
7,698
Time Series Analysis via Matrix Estimation
cs.LG
We consider the task of interpolating and forecasting a time series in the presence of noise and missing data. As the main contribution of this work, we introduce an algorithm that transforms the observed time series into a matrix, utilizes singular value thresholding to simultaneously recover missing values and de-noi...
computer science
7,699
Active Learning with Logged Data
cs.LG
We consider active learning with logged data, where labeled examples are drawn conditioned on a predetermined logging policy, and the goal is to learn a classifier on the entire population, not just conditioned on the logging policy. Prior work addresses this problem either when only logged data is available, or pure...
computer science