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7,800
Accuracy-Reliability Cost Function for Empirical Variance Estimation
stat.ML
In this paper we focus on the problem of assigning uncertainties to single-point predictions. We introduce a cost function that encodes the trade-off between accuracy and reliability in probabilistic forecast. We derive analytic formula for the case of forecasts of continuous scalar variables expressed in terms of Gaus...
computer science
7,801
Probabilistic and Regularized Graph Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
This paper explores the recently proposed Graph Convolutional Network architecture proposed in (Kipf & Welling, 2016) The key points of their work is summarized and their results are reproduced. Graph regularization and alternative graph convolution approaches are explored. I find that explicit graph regularization was...
computer science
7,802
COPA: Constrained PARAFAC2 for Sparse & Large Datasets
cs.LG
PARAFAC2 has demonstrated success in modeling irregular tensors, where the tensor dimensions vary across one of the modes. An example scenario is jointly modeling treatments across a set of patients with varying number of medical encounters, where the alignment of events in time bears no clinical meaning, and it may al...
computer science
7,803
Binary Matrix Completion Using Unobserved Entries
stat.ML
A matrix completion problem, which aims to recover a complete matrix from its partial observations, is one of the important problems in the machine learning field and has been studied actively. However, there is a discrepancy between the mainstream problem setting, which assumes continuous-valued observations, and some...
computer science
7,804
Pure Exploration in Infinitely-Armed Bandit Models with Fixed-Confidence
stat.ML
We consider the problem of near-optimal arm identification in the fixed confidence setting of the infinitely armed bandit problem when nothing is known about the arm reservoir distribution. We (1) introduce a PAC-like framework within which to derive and cast results; (2) derive a sample complexity lower bound for near...
computer science
7,805
Deep k-Nearest Neighbors: Towards Confident, Interpretable and Robust Deep Learning
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) enable innovative applications of machine learning like image recognition, machine translation, or malware detection. However, deep learning is often criticized for its lack of robustness in adversarial settings (e.g., vulnerability to adversarial inputs) and general inability to rationalize...
computer science
7,806
Active Reinforcement Learning with Monte-Carlo Tree Search
cs.LG
Active Reinforcement Learning (ARL) is a twist on RL where the agent observes reward information only if it pays a cost. This subtle change makes exploration substantially more challenging. Powerful principles in RL like optimism, Thompson sampling, and random exploration do not help with ARL. We relate ARL in tabular ...
computer science
7,807
Analysis of Nonautonomous Adversarial Systems
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks are used to generate images but still their convergence properties are not well understood. There have been a few studies who intended to investigate the stability properties of GANs as a dynamical system. This short writing can be seen in that direction. Among the proposed methods for s...
computer science
7,808
Ranking with Adaptive Neighbors
cs.LG
Retrieving the most similar objects in a large-scale database for a given query is a fundamental building block in many application domains, ranging from web searches, visual, cross media, and document retrievals. State-of-the-art approaches have mainly focused on capturing the underlying geometry of the data manifolds...
computer science
7,809
Domain Adaptation on Graphs by Learning Aligned Graph Bases
stat.ML
We propose a method for domain adaptation on graphs. Given sufficiently many observations of the label function on a source graph, we study the problem of transferring the label information from the source graph to a target graph for estimating the target label function. Our assumption about the relation between the tw...
computer science
7,810
Predicting Oral Disintegrating Tablet Formulations by Neural Network Techniques
stat.ML
Oral Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs) is a novel dosage form that can be dissolved on the tongue within 3min or less especially for geriatric and pediatric patients. Current ODT formulation studies usually rely on the personal experience of pharmaceutical experts and trial-and-error in the laboratory, which is inefficient...
computer science
7,811
On the Universal Approximation Property and Equivalence of Stochastic Computing-based Neural Networks and Binary Neural Networks
cs.LG
Large-scale deep neural networks are both memory intensive and computation-intensive, thereby posing stringent requirements on the computing platforms. Hardware accelerations of deep neural networks have been extensively investigated in both industry and academia. Specific forms of binary neural networks (BNNs) and sto...
computer science
7,812
Generalised Structural CNNs (SCNNs) for time series data with arbitrary graph-toplogies
stat.ML
Deep Learning methods, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have seen a lot of success in the domain of image-based data, where the data offers a clearly structured topology in the regular lattice of pixels. This 4-neighbourhood topological simplicity makes the application of convolutional masks straightf...
computer science
7,813
Improving GANs Using Optimal Transport
cs.LG
We present Optimal Transport GAN (OT-GAN), a variant of generative adversarial nets minimizing a new metric measuring the distance between the generator distribution and the data distribution. This metric, which we call mini-batch energy distance, combines optimal transport in primal form with an energy distance define...
computer science
7,814
Large Margin Deep Networks for Classification
stat.ML
We present a formulation of deep learning that aims at producing a large margin classifier. The notion of margin, minimum distance to a decision boundary, has served as the foundation of several theoretically profound and empirically successful results for both classification and regression tasks. However, most large m...
computer science
7,815
Proximal SCOPE for Distributed Sparse Learning: Better Data Partition Implies Faster Convergence Rate
stat.ML
Distributed sparse learning with a cluster of multiple machines has attracted much attention in machine learning, especially for large-scale applications with high-dimensional data. One popular way to implement sparse learning is to use $L_1$ regularization. In this paper, we propose a novel method, called proximal \mb...
computer science
7,816
Capturing Structure Implicitly from Time-Series having Limited Data
stat.ML
Scientific fields such as insider-threat detection and highway-safety planning often lack sufficient amounts of time-series data to estimate statistical models for the purpose of scientific discovery. Moreover, the available limited data are quite noisy. This presents a major challenge when estimating time-series model...
computer science
7,817
Deep Choice Model Using Pointer Networks for Airline Itinerary Prediction
stat.ML
Travel providers such as airlines and on-line travel agents are becoming more and more interested in understanding how passengers choose among alternative itineraries when searching for flights. This knowledge helps them better display and adapt their offer, taking into account market conditions and customer needs. Som...
computer science
7,818
Constant-Time Predictive Distributions for Gaussian Processes
cs.LG
One of the most compelling features of Gaussian process (GP) regression is its ability to provide well calibrated posterior distributions. Recent advances in inducing point methods have drastically sped up marginal likelihood and posterior mean computations, leaving posterior covariance estimation and sampling as the r...
computer science
7,819
A Kernel Theory of Modern Data Augmentation
cs.LG
Data augmentation, a technique in which a training set is expanded with class-preserving transformations, is ubiquitous in modern machine learning pipelines. In this paper, we seek to establish a theoretical framework for understanding modern data augmentation techniques. We start by showing that for kernel classifiers...
computer science
7,820
Graph Partition Neural Networks for Semi-Supervised Classification
cs.LG
We present graph partition neural networks (GPNN), an extension of graph neural networks (GNNs) able to handle extremely large graphs. GPNNs alternate between locally propagating information between nodes in small subgraphs and globally propagating information between the subgraphs. To efficiently partition graphs, we ...
computer science
7,821
Adversarial Logit Pairing
cs.LG
In this paper, we develop improved techniques for defending against adversarial examples at scale. First, we implement the state of the art version of adversarial training at unprecedented scale on ImageNet and investigate whether it remains effective in this setting - an important open scientific question (Athalye et ...
computer science
7,822
Forecasting Economics and Financial Time Series: ARIMA vs. LSTM
cs.LG
Forecasting time series data is an important subject in economics, business, and finance. Traditionally, there are several techniques to effectively forecast the next lag of time series data such as univariate Autoregressive (AR), univariate Moving Average (MA), Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), and more notably Auto...
computer science
7,823
Reviving and Improving Recurrent Back-Propagation
cs.LG
In this paper, we revisit the recurrent back-propagation (RBP) algorithm, discuss the conditions under which it applies as well as how to satisfy them in deep neural networks. We show that RBP can be unstable and propose two variants based on conjugate gradient on the normal equations (CG-RBP) and Neumann series (Neuma...
computer science
7,824
A Dual Approach to Scalable Verification of Deep Networks
cs.LG
This paper addresses the problem of formally verifying desirable properties of neural networks, i.e., obtaining provable guarantees that the outputs of the neural network will always behave in a certain way for a given class of inputs. Most previous work on this topic was limited in its applicability by the size of the...
computer science
7,825
Learning Long Term Dependencies via Fourier Recurrent Units
cs.LG
It is a known fact that training recurrent neural networks for tasks that have long term dependencies is challenging. One of the main reasons is the vanishing or exploding gradient problem, which prevents gradient information from propagating to early layers. In this paper we propose a simple recurrent architecture, th...
computer science
7,826
Structural query-by-committee
cs.LG
In this work, we describe a framework that unifies many different interactive learning tasks. We present a generalization of the {\it query-by-committee} active learning algorithm for this setting, and we study its consistency and rate of convergence, both theoretically and empirically, with and without noise.
computer science
7,827
Early Hospital Mortality Prediction using Vital Signals
cs.LG
Early hospital mortality prediction is critical as intensivists strive to make efficient medical decisions about the severely ill patients staying in intensive care units. As a result, various methods have been developed to address this problem based on clinical records. However, some of the laboratory test results are...
computer science
7,828
A Robust AUC Maximization Framework with Simultaneous Outlier Detection and Feature Selection for Positive-Unlabeled Classification
cs.LG
The positive-unlabeled (PU) classification is a common scenario in real-world applications such as healthcare, text classification, and bioinformatics, in which we only observe a few samples labeled as "positive" together with a large volume of "unlabeled" samples that may contain both positive and negative samples. Bu...
computer science
7,829
Confounder Detection in High Dimensional Linear Models using First Moments of Spectral Measures
stat.ML
In this paper, we study the confounder detection problem in the linear model, where the target variable $Y$ is predicted using its $n$ potential causes $X_n=(x_1,...,x_n)^T$. Based on an assumption of rotation invariant generating process of the model, recent study shows that the spectral measure induced by the regress...
computer science
7,830
TBD: Benchmarking and Analyzing Deep Neural Network Training
cs.LG
The recent popularity of deep neural networks (DNNs) has generated a lot of research interest in performing DNN-related computation efficiently. However, the primary focus is usually very narrow and limited to (i) inference -- i.e. how to efficiently execute already trained models and (ii) image classification networks...
computer science
7,831
Estimating the intrinsic dimension of datasets by a minimal neighborhood information
stat.ML
Analyzing large volumes of high-dimensional data is an issue of fundamental importance in data science, molecular simulations and beyond. Several approaches work on the assumption that the important content of a dataset belongs to a manifold whose Intrinsic Dimension (ID) is much lower than the crude large number of co...
computer science
7,832
Learning non-Gaussian Time Series using the Box-Cox Gaussian Process
stat.ML
Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian nonparametric generative models that provide interpretability of hyperparameters, admit closed-form expressions for training and inference, and are able to accurately represent uncertainty. To model general non-Gaussian data with complex correlation structure, GPs can be paired wit...
computer science
7,833
Monte Carlo Information Geometry: The dually flat case
cs.LG
Exponential families and mixture families are parametric probability models that can be geometrically studied as smooth statistical manifolds with respect to any statistical divergence like the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence or the Hellinger divergence. When equipping a statistical manifold with the KL divergence, th...
computer science
7,834
Fair Deep Learning Prediction for Healthcare Applications with Confounder Filtering
stat.ML
The rapid development of deep learning methods has permitted the fast and accurate medical decision making from complex structured data, like CT images or MRI. However, some problems still exist in such applications that may lead to imperfect predictions. Previous observations have shown that, confounding factors, if h...
computer science
7,835
MLtuner: System Support for Automatic Machine Learning Tuning
cs.LG
MLtuner automatically tunes settings for training tunables (such as the learning rate, the momentum, the mini-batch size, and the data staleness bound) that have a significant impact on large-scale machine learning (ML) performance. Traditionally, these tunables are set manually, which is unsurprisingly error-prone and...
computer science
7,836
Stacked Neural Networks for end-to-end ciliary motion analysis
cs.LG
Cilia are hairlike structures protruding from nearly every cell in the body. Diseases known as ciliopathies, where cilia function is disrupted, can result in a wide spectrum of disorders. However, most techniques for assessing ciliary motion rely on manual identification and tracking of cilia; this process is laborious...
computer science
7,837
Meta Reinforcement Learning with Latent Variable Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
Data efficiency, i.e., learning from small data sets, is critical in many practical applications where data collection is time consuming or expensive, e.g., robotics, animal experiments or drug design. Meta learning is one way to increase the data efficiency of learning algorithms by generalizing learned concepts from ...
computer science
7,838
Generative Multi-Agent Behavioral Cloning
cs.LG
We propose and study the problem of generative multi-agent behavioral cloning, where the goal is to learn a generative multi-agent policy from pre-collected demonstration data. Building upon advances in deep generative models, we present a hierarchical policy framework that can tractably learn complex mappings from inp...
computer science
7,839
Domain Adaptation with Randomized Expectation Maximization
stat.ML
Domain adaptation (DA) is the task of classifying an unlabeled dataset (target) using a labeled dataset (source) from a related domain. The majority of successful DA methods try to directly match the distributions of the source and target data by transforming the feature space. Despite their success, state of the art m...
computer science
7,840
Graph-based regularization for regression problems with highly-correlated designs
stat.ML
Sparse models for high-dimensional linear regression and machine learning have received substantial attention over the past two decades. Model selection, or determining which features or covariates are the best explanatory variables, is critical to the interpretability of a learned model. Much of the current literature...
computer science
7,841
Efficient Recurrent Neural Networks using Structured Matrices in FPGAs
cs.LG
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are becoming increasingly important for time series-related applications which require efficient and real-time implementations. The recent pruning based work ESE suffers from degradation of performance/energy efficiency due to the irregular network structure after pruning. We propose bl...
computer science
7,842
Some Theoretical Properties of GANs
stat.ML
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a class of generative algorithms that have been shown to produce state-of-the art samples, especially in the domain of image creation. The fundamental principle of GANs is to approximate the unknown distribution of a given data set by optimizing an objective function through a...
computer science
7,843
Multi-view Metric Learning in Vector-valued Kernel Spaces
cs.LG
We consider the problem of metric learning for multi-view data and present a novel method for learning within-view as well as between-view metrics in vector-valued kernel spaces, as a way to capture multi-modal structure of the data. We formulate two convex optimization problems to jointly learn the metric and the clas...
computer science
7,844
Scalable Generalized Dynamic Topic Models
stat.ML
Dynamic topic models (DTMs) model the evolution of prevalent themes in literature, online media, and other forms of text over time. DTMs assume that word co-occurrence statistics change continuously and therefore impose continuous stochastic process priors on their model parameters. These dynamical priors make inferenc...
computer science
7,845
An Unsupervised Multivariate Time Series Kernel Approach for Identifying Patients with Surgical Site Infection from Blood Samples
stat.ML
A large fraction of the electronic health records consists of clinical measurements collected over time, such as blood tests, which provide important information about the health status of a patient. These sequences of clinical measurements are naturally represented as time series, characterized by multiple variables a...
computer science
7,846
An Exercise Fatigue Detection Model Based on Machine Learning Methods
stat.ML
This study proposes an exercise fatigue detection model based on real-time clinical data which includes time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, detrended fluctuation analysis, approximate entropy, and sample entropy. Furthermore, this study proposed a feature extraction method which is combined with an analyti...
computer science
7,847
Incremental Learning-to-Learn with Statistical Guarantees
stat.ML
In learning-to-learn the goal is to infer a learning algorithm that works well on a class of tasks sampled from an unknown meta distribution. In contrast to previous work on batch learning-to-learn, we consider a scenario where tasks are presented sequentially and the algorithm needs to adapt incrementally to improve i...
computer science
7,848
Clustering to Reduce Spatial Data Set Size
cs.LG
Traditionally it had been a problem that researchers did not have access to enough spatial data to answer pressing research questions or build compelling visualizations. Today, however, the problem is often that we have too much data. Spatially redundant or approximately redundant points may refer to a single feature (...
computer science
7,849
Seglearn: A Python Package for Learning Sequences and Time Series
stat.ML
Seglearn is an open-source python package for machine learning time series or sequences using a sliding window segmentation approach. The implementation provides a flexible pipeline for tackling classification, regression, and forecasting problems with multivariate sequence and contextual data. This package is compatib...
computer science
7,850
Speaker Clustering With Neural Networks And Audio Processing
cs.SD
Speaker clustering is the task of differentiating speakers in a recording. In a way, the aim is to answer "who spoke when" in audio recordings. A common method used in industry is feature extraction directly from the recording thanks to MFCC features, and by using well-known techniques such as Gaussian Mixture Models (...
computer science
7,851
Gradient Descent Quantizes ReLU Network Features
stat.ML
Deep neural networks are often trained in the over-parametrized regime (i.e. with far more parameters than training examples), and understanding why the training converges to solutions that generalize remains an open problem. Several studies have highlighted the fact that the training procedure, i.e. mini-batch Stochas...
computer science
7,852
Learning through deterministic assignment of hidden parameters
cs.LG
Supervised learning frequently boils down to determining hidden and bright parameters in a parameterized hypothesis space based on finite input-output samples. The hidden parameters determine the attributions of hidden predictors or the nonlinear mechanism of an estimator, while the bright parameters characterize how h...
computer science
7,853
Demystifying Deep Learning: A Geometric Approach to Iterative Projections
cs.LG
Parametric approaches to Learning, such as deep learning (DL), are highly popular in nonlinear regression, in spite of their extremely difficult training with their increasing complexity (e.g. number of layers in DL). In this paper, we present an alternative semi-parametric framework which foregoes the ordinarily requi...
computer science
7,854
Attention Solves Your TSP
stat.ML
We propose a framework for solving combinatorial optimization problems of which the output can be represented as a sequence of input elements. As an alternative to the Pointer Network, we parameterize a policy by a model based entirely on (graph) attention layers, and train it efficiently using REINFORCE with a simple ...
computer science
7,855
Ensembles of Radial Basis Function Networks for Spectroscopic Detection of Cervical Pre-Cancer
cs.NE
The mortality related to cervical cancer can be substantially reduced through early detection and treatment. However, current detection techniques, such as Pap smear and colposcopy, fail to achieve a concurrently high sensitivity and specificity. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy is a technique which quickly, non-inv...
computer science
7,856
Non-convex cost functionals in boosting algorithms and methods for panel selection
cs.NE
In this document we propose a new improvement for boosting techniques as proposed in Friedman '99 by the use of non-convex cost functional. The idea is to introduce a correlation term to better deal with forecasting of additive time series. The problem is discussed in a theoretical way to prove the existence of minimiz...
computer science
7,857
Evolving controllers for simulated car racing
cs.NE
This paper describes the evolution of controllers for racing a simulated radio-controlled car around a track, modelled on a real physical track. Five different controller architectures were compared, based on neural networks, force fields and action sequences. The controllers use either egocentric (first person), Newto...
computer science
7,858
Mutual information for the selection of relevant variables in spectrometric nonlinear modelling
cs.LG
Data from spectrophotometers form vectors of a large number of exploitable variables. Building quantitative models using these variables most often requires using a smaller set of variables than the initial one. Indeed, a too large number of input variables to a model results in a too large number of parameters, leadin...
computer science
7,859
Uncovering delayed patterns in noisy and irregularly sampled time series: an astronomy application
cs.LG
We study the problem of estimating the time delay between two signals representing delayed, irregularly sampled and noisy versions of the same underlying pattern. We propose and demonstrate an evolutionary algorithm for the (hyper)parameter estimation of a kernel-based technique in the context of an astronomical proble...
computer science
7,860
Intrusion Detection In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using GA Based Feature Selection
cs.NE
Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) has become an exciting and important technology in recent years because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. MANETs are highly vulnerable to attacks due to the open medium, dynamically changing network topology and lack of centralized monitoring point. It is important to sear...
computer science
7,861
An optimized recursive learning algorithm for three-layer feedforward neural networks for mimo nonlinear system identifications
cs.NE
Back-propagation with gradient method is the most popular learning algorithm for feed-forward neural networks. However, it is critical to determine a proper fixed learning rate for the algorithm. In this paper, an optimized recursive algorithm is presented for online learning based on matrix operation and optimization ...
computer science
7,862
A hybrid learning algorithm for text classification
cs.NE
Text classification is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories based on their content. Existing supervised learning algorithms to automatically classify text need sufficient documents to learn accurately. This paper presents a new algorithm for text classification that requires fewer documents f...
computer science
7,863
Distribution-Independent Evolvability of Linear Threshold Functions
cs.LG
Valiant's (2007) model of evolvability models the evolutionary process of acquiring useful functionality as a restricted form of learning from random examples. Linear threshold functions and their various subclasses, such as conjunctions and decision lists, play a fundamental role in learning theory and hence their evo...
computer science
7,864
A Spiking Neural Learning Classifier System
cs.NE
Learning Classifier Systems (LCS) are population-based reinforcement learners used in a wide variety of applications. This paper presents a LCS where each traditional rule is represented by a spiking neural network, a type of network with dynamic internal state. We employ a constructivist model of growth of both neuron...
computer science
7,865
PID Parameters Optimization by Using Genetic Algorithm
cs.SY
Time delays are components that make time-lag in systems response. They arise in physical, chemical, biological and economic systems, as well as in the process of measurement and computation. In this work, we implement Genetic Algorithm (GA) in determining PID controller parameters to compensate the delay in First Orde...
computer science
7,866
Autoregressive short-term prediction of turning points using support vector regression
cs.LG
This work is concerned with autoregressive prediction of turning points in financial price sequences. Such turning points are critical local extrema points along a series, which mark the start of new swings. Predicting the future time of such turning points or even their early or late identification slightly before or ...
computer science
7,867
Analog readout for optical reservoir computers
cs.ET
Reservoir computing is a new, powerful and flexible machine learning technique that is easily implemented in hardware. Recently, by using a time-multiplexed architecture, hardware reservoir computers have reached performance comparable to digital implementations. Operating speeds allowing for real time information oper...
computer science
7,868
Coupled Neural Associative Memories
cs.NE
We propose a novel architecture to design a neural associative memory that is capable of learning a large number of patterns and recalling them later in presence of noise. It is based on dividing the neurons into local clusters and parallel plains, very similar to the architecture of the visual cortex of macaque brain....
computer science
7,869
Eignets for function approximation on manifolds
cs.LG
Let $\XX$ be a compact, smooth, connected, Riemannian manifold without boundary, $G:\XX\times\XX\to \RR$ be a kernel. Analogous to a radial basis function network, an eignet is an expression of the form $\sum_{j=1}^M a_jG(\circ,y_j)$, where $a_j\in\RR$, $y_j\in\XX$, $1\le j\le M$. We describe a deterministic, universal...
computer science
7,870
A Generalized Markov-Chain Modelling Approach to $(1,λ)$-ES Linear Optimization: Technical Report
cs.NA
Several recent publications investigated Markov-chain modelling of linear optimization by a $(1,\lambda)$-ES, considering both unconstrained and linearly constrained optimization, and both constant and varying step size. All of them assume normality of the involved random steps, and while this is consistent with a blac...
computer science
7,871
Brain-like associative learning using a nanoscale non-volatile phase change synaptic device array
cs.NE
Recent advances in neuroscience together with nanoscale electronic device technology have resulted in huge interests in realizing brain-like computing hardwares using emerging nanoscale memory devices as synaptic elements. Although there has been experimental work that demonstrated the operation of nanoscale synaptic e...
computer science
7,872
Weighted Patterns as a Tool for Improving the Hopfield Model
cs.LG
We generalize the standard Hopfield model to the case when a weight is assigned to each input pattern. The weight can be interpreted as the frequency of the pattern occurrence at the input of the network. In the framework of the statistical physics approach we obtain the saddle-point equation allowing us to examine the...
computer science
7,873
Genetic Programming for Multibiometrics
cs.NE
Biometric systems suffer from some drawbacks: a biometric system can provide in general good performances except with some individuals as its performance depends highly on the quality of the capture. One solution to solve some of these problems is to use multibiometrics where different biometric systems are combined to...
computer science
7,874
Should I Stay or Should I Go: Coordinating Biological Needs with Continuously-updated Assessments of the Environment
cs.NE
This paper presents Wanderer, a model of how autonomous adaptive systems coordinate internal biological needs with moment-by-moment assessments of the probabilities of events in the external world. The extent to which Wanderer moves about or explores its environment reflects the relative activations of two competing mo...
computer science
7,875
Hybrid data clustering approach using K-Means and Flower Pollination Algorithm
cs.LG
Data clustering is a technique for clustering set of objects into known number of groups. Several approaches are widely applied to data clustering so that objects within the clusters are similar and objects in different clusters are far away from each other. K-Means, is one of the familiar center based clustering algor...
computer science
7,876
Neural Network with Unbounded Activation Functions is Universal Approximator
cs.NE
This paper presents an investigation of the approximation property of neural networks with unbounded activation functions, such as the rectified linear unit (ReLU), which is the new de-facto standard of deep learning. The ReLU network can be analyzed by the ridgelet transform with respect to Lizorkin distributions. By ...
computer science
7,877
A Max-Sum algorithm for training discrete neural networks
cs.LG
We present an efficient learning algorithm for the problem of training neural networks with discrete synapses, a well-known hard (NP-complete) discrete optimization problem. The algorithm is a variant of the so-called Max-Sum (MS) algorithm. In particular, we show how, for bounded integer weights with $q$ distinct stat...
computer science
7,878
Learning Program Embeddings to Propagate Feedback on Student Code
cs.LG
Providing feedback, both assessing final work and giving hints to stuck students, is difficult for open-ended assignments in massive online classes which can range from thousands to millions of students. We introduce a neural network method to encode programs as a linear mapping from an embedded precondition space to a...
computer science
7,879
Using Recurrent Neural Networks to Optimize Dynamical Decoupling for Quantum Memory
cs.LG
We utilize machine learning models which are based on recurrent neural networks to optimize dynamical decoupling (DD) sequences. DD is a relatively simple technique for suppressing the errors in quantum memory for certain noise models. In numerical simulations, we show that with minimum use of prior knowledge and start...
computer science
7,880
Recurrent Neural Networks for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection in Real Life Recordings
cs.SD
In this paper we present an approach to polyphonic sound event detection in real life recordings based on bi-directional long short term memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A single multilabel BLSTM RNN is trained to map acoustic features of a mixture signal consisting of sounds from multiple classes, to b...
computer science
7,881
Revisiting Distributed Synchronous SGD
cs.LG
Distributed training of deep learning models on large-scale training data is typically conducted with asynchronous stochastic optimization to maximize the rate of updates, at the cost of additional noise introduced from asynchrony. In contrast, the synchronous approach is often thought to be impractical due to idle tim...
computer science
7,882
Robust Audio Event Recognition with 1-Max Pooling Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.NE
We present in this paper a simple, yet efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for robust audio event recognition. Opposing to deep CNN architectures with multiple convolutional and pooling layers topped up with multiple fully connected layers, the proposed network consists of only three layers: convo...
computer science
7,883
Crafting Adversarial Input Sequences for Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CR
Machine learning models are frequently used to solve complex security problems, as well as to make decisions in sensitive situations like guiding autonomous vehicles or predicting financial market behaviors. Previous efforts have shown that numerous machine learning models were vulnerable to adversarial manipulations o...
computer science
7,884
Biologically Inspired Spiking Neurons : Piecewise Linear Models and Digital Implementation
cs.LG
There has been a strong push recently to examine biological scale simulations of neuromorphic algorithms to achieve stronger inference capabilities. This paper presents a set of piecewise linear spiking neuron models, which can reproduce different behaviors, similar to the biological neuron, both for a single neuron as...
computer science
7,885
Auto-encoders: reconstruction versus compression
cs.NE
We discuss the similarities and differences between training an auto-encoder to minimize the reconstruction error, and training the same auto-encoder to compress the data via a generative model. Minimizing a codelength for the data using an auto-encoder is equivalent to minimizing the reconstruction error plus some cor...
computer science
7,886
ANN Model to Predict Stock Prices at Stock Exchange Markets
cs.CE
Stock exchanges are considered major players in financial sectors of many countries. Most Stockbrokers, who execute stock trade, use technical, fundamental or time series analysis in trying to predict stock prices, so as to advise clients. However, these strategies do not usually guarantee good returns because they gui...
computer science
7,887
Neural Network-Based Active Learning in Multivariate Calibration
cs.NE
In chemometrics, data from infrared or near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are often used to identify a compound or to analyze the composition of amaterial. This involves the calibration of models that predict the concentration ofmaterial constituents from the measured NIR spectrum. An interesting aspect of multivariate c...
computer science
7,888
Deep Transform: Time-Domain Audio Error Correction via Probabilistic Re-Synthesis
cs.SD
In the process of recording, storage and transmission of time-domain audio signals, errors may be introduced that are difficult to correct in an unsupervised way. Here, we train a convolutional deep neural network to re-synthesize input time-domain speech signals at its output layer. We then use this abstract transform...
computer science
7,889
Deep Transform: Cocktail Party Source Separation via Probabilistic Re-Synthesis
cs.SD
In cocktail party listening scenarios, the human brain is able to separate competing speech signals. However, the signal processing implemented by the brain to perform cocktail party listening is not well understood. Here, we trained two separate convolutive autoencoder deep neural networks (DNN) to separate monaural a...
computer science
7,890
Probabilistic Binary-Mask Cocktail-Party Source Separation in a Convolutional Deep Neural Network
cs.SD
Separation of competing speech is a key challenge in signal processing and a feat routinely performed by the human auditory brain. A long standing benchmark of the spectrogram approach to source separation is known as the ideal binary mask. Here, we train a convolutional deep neural network, on a two-speaker cocktail p...
computer science
7,891
Towards deep learning with spiking neurons in energy based models with contrastive Hebbian plasticity
cs.LG
In machine learning, error back-propagation in multi-layer neural networks (deep learning) has been impressively successful in supervised and reinforcement learning tasks. As a model for learning in the brain, however, deep learning has long been regarded as implausible, since it relies in its basic form on a non-local...
computer science
7,892
Stable Memory Allocation in the Hippocampus: Fundamental Limits and Neural Realization
cs.NE
It is believed that hippocampus functions as a memory allocator in brain, the mechanism of which remains unrevealed. In Valiant's neuroidal model, the hippocampus was described as a randomly connected graph, the computation on which maps input to a set of activated neuroids with stable size. Valiant proposed three requ...
computer science
7,893
An IoT Endpoint System-on-Chip for Secure and Energy-Efficient Near-Sensor Analytics
cs.AR
Near-sensor data analytics is a promising direction for IoT endpoints, as it minimizes energy spent on communication and reduces network load - but it also poses security concerns, as valuable data is stored or sent over the network at various stages of the analytics pipeline. Using encryption to protect sensitive data...
computer science
7,894
Hybrid methodology for hourly global radiation forecasting in Mediterranean area
cs.NE
The renewable energies prediction and particularly global radiation forecasting is a challenge studied by a growing number of research teams. This paper proposes an original technique to model the insolation time series based on combining Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Auto-Regressive and Moving Average (ARMA) mod...
computer science
7,895
Learning ambiguous functions by neural networks
cs.NE
It is not, in general, possible to have access to all variables that determine the behavior of a system. Having identified a number of variables whose values can be accessed, there may still be hidden variables which influence the dynamics of the system. The result is model ambiguity in the sense that, for the same (or...
computer science
7,896
Modeling correlations in spontaneous activity of visual cortex with centered Gaussian-binary deep Boltzmann machines
cs.NE
Spontaneous cortical activity -- the ongoing cortical activities in absence of intentional sensory input -- is considered to play a vital role in many aspects of both normal brain functions and mental dysfunctions. We present a centered Gaussian-binary Deep Boltzmann Machine (GDBM) for modeling the activity in early co...
computer science
7,897
Notes on Generalized Linear Models of Neurons
cs.NE
Experimental neuroscience increasingly requires tractable models for analyzing and predicting the behavior of neurons and networks. The generalized linear model (GLM) is an increasingly popular statistical framework for analyzing neural data that is flexible, exhibits rich dynamic behavior and is computationally tracta...
computer science
7,898
Sequential Click Prediction for Sponsored Search with Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.IR
Click prediction is one of the fundamental problems in sponsored search. Most of existing studies took advantage of machine learning approaches to predict ad click for each event of ad view independently. However, as observed in the real-world sponsored search system, user's behaviors on ads yield high dependency on ho...
computer science
7,899
One weird trick for parallelizing convolutional neural networks
cs.NE
I present a new way to parallelize the training of convolutional neural networks across multiple GPUs. The method scales significantly better than all alternatives when applied to modern convolutional neural networks.
computer science