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7,700
Deep Bayesian Bandits Showdown: An Empirical Comparison of Bayesian Deep Networks for Thompson Sampling
stat.ML
Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have made significant strides in performance on applications such as Go and Atari games. However, developing practical methods to balance exploration and exploitation in complex domains remains largely unsolved. Thompson Sampling and its extension to reinforcement learning...
computer science
7,701
A representer theorem for deep neural networks
stat.ML
We propose to optimize the activation functions of a deep neural network by adding a corresponding functional regularization to the cost function. We justify the use of a second-order total-variation criterion. This allows us to derive a general representer theorem for deep neural networks that makes a direct connectio...
computer science
7,702
Interpreting Complex Regression Models
cs.LG
Interpretation of a machine learning induced models is critical for feature engineering, debugging, and, arguably, compliance. Yet, best of breed machine learning models tend to be very complex. This paper presents a method for model interpretation which has the main benefit that the simple interpretations it provides ...
computer science
7,703
Scalable kernel-based variable selection with sparsistency
stat.ML
Variable selection is central to high-dimensional data analysis, and various algorithms have been developed. Ideally, a variable selection algorithm shall be flexible, scalable, and with theoretical guarantee, yet most existing algorithms cannot attain these properties at the same time. In this article, a three-step va...
computer science
7,704
Disentangling the independently controllable factors of variation by interacting with the world
stat.ML
It has been postulated that a good representation is one that disentangles the underlying explanatory factors of variation. However, it remains an open question what kind of training framework could potentially achieve that. Whereas most previous work focuses on the static setting (e.g., with images), we postulate that...
computer science
7,705
Missing Data in Sparse Transition Matrix Estimation for Sub-Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Processes
stat.ML
High-dimensional time series data exist in numerous areas such as finance, genomics, healthcare, and neuroscience. An unavoidable aspect of all such datasets is missing data, and dealing with this issue has been an important focus in statistics, control, and machine learning. In this work, we consider a high-dimensiona...
computer science
7,706
Data-dependent PAC-Bayes priors via differential privacy
cs.LG
The Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) Bayes framework (McAllester, 1999) can incorporate knowledge about the learning algorithm and data distribution through the use of distribution-dependent priors, yielding tighter generalization bounds on data-dependent posteriors. Using this flexibility, however, is difficult, e...
computer science
7,707
Optimizing over a Restricted Policy Class in Markov Decision Processes
cs.LG
We address the problem of finding an optimal policy in a Markov decision process under a restricted policy class defined by the convex hull of a set of base policies. This problem is of great interest in applications in which a number of reasonably good (or safe) policies are already known and we are only interested in...
computer science
7,708
Link Prediction Based on Graph Neural Networks
cs.LG
Traditional methods for link prediction can be categorized into three main types: graph structure feature-based, latent feature-based, and explicit feature-based. Graph structure feature methods leverage some handcrafted node proximity scores, e.g., common neighbors, to estimate the likelihood of links. Latent feature ...
computer science
7,709
Robust GANs against Dishonest Adversaries
cs.LG
Robustness of deep learning models is a property that has recently gained increasing attention. We formally define a notion of robustness for generative adversarial models, and show that, perhaps surprisingly, the GAN in its original form is not robust. Indeed, the discriminator in GANs may be viewed as merely offering...
computer science
7,710
Online learning with kernel losses
stat.ML
We present a generalization of the adversarial linear bandits framework, where the underlying losses are kernel functions (with an associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space) rather than linear functions. We study a version of the exponential weights algorithm and bound its regret in this setting. Under conditions on ...
computer science
7,711
Train Feedfoward Neural Network with Layer-wise Adaptive Rate via Approximating Back-matching Propagation
stat.ML
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has achieved great success in training deep neural network, where the gradient is computed through back-propagation. However, the back-propagated values of different layers vary dramatically. This inconsistence of gradient magnitude across different layers renders optimization of deep ...
computer science
7,712
Matching Convolutional Neural Networks without Priors about Data
cs.LG
We propose an extension of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to graph-structured data, including strided convolutions and data augmentation on graphs. Our method matches the accuracy of state-of-the-art CNNs when applied on images, without any prior about their 2D regular structure. On fMRI data, we obtain a sig...
computer science
7,713
Learning to recognize touch gestures: recurrent vs. convolutional features and dynamic sampling
cs.LG
We propose a fully automatic method for learning gestures on big touch devices in a potentially multi-user context. The goal is to learn general models capable of adapting to different gestures, user styles and hardware variations (e.g. device sizes, sampling frequencies and regularities). Based on deep neural networ...
computer science
7,714
Attention-Based Guided Structured Sparsity of Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Network pruning is aimed at imposing sparsity in a neural network architecture by increasing the portion of zero-valued weights for reducing its size regarding energy-efficiency consideration and increasing evaluation speed. In most of the conducted research efforts, the sparsity is enforced for network pruning without...
computer science
7,715
The Emergence of Spectral Universality in Deep Networks
stat.ML
Recent work has shown that tight concentration of the entire spectrum of singular values of a deep network's input-output Jacobian around one at initialization can speed up learning by orders of magnitude. Therefore, to guide important design choices, it is important to build a full theoretical understanding of the spe...
computer science
7,716
The Mirage of Action-Dependent Baselines in Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Policy gradient methods are a widely used class of model-free reinforcement learning algorithms where a state-dependent baseline is used to reduce gradient estimator variance. Several recent papers extend the baseline to depend on both the state and action and suggest that this significantly reduces variance and improv...
computer science
7,717
ADMM-based Networked Stochastic Variational Inference
cs.LG
Owing to the recent advances in "Big Data" modeling and prediction tasks, variational Bayesian estimation has gained popularity due to their ability to provide exact solutions to approximate posteriors. One key technique for approximate inference is stochastic variational inference (SVI). SVI poses variational inferenc...
computer science
7,718
Semi-Supervised Learning Enabled by Multiscale Deep Neural Network Inversion
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) provide state-of-the-art solutions in several difficult machine perceptual tasks. However, their performance relies on the availability of a large set of labeled training data, which limits the breadth of their applicability. Hence, there is a need for new {\em semi-supervised learning} meth...
computer science
7,719
As you like it: Localization via paired comparisons
stat.ML
Suppose that we wish to estimate a vector $\mathbf{x}$ from a set of binary paired comparisons of the form "$\mathbf{x}$ is closer to $\mathbf{p}$ than to $\mathbf{q}$" for various choices of vectors $\mathbf{p}$ and $\mathbf{q}$. The problem of estimating $\mathbf{x}$ from this type of observation arises in a variety ...
computer science
7,720
Learning Discriminative Multilevel Structured Dictionaries for Supervised Image Classification
stat.ML
Sparse representations using overcomplete dictionaries have proved to be a powerful tool in many signal processing applications such as denoising, super-resolution, inpainting, compression or classification. The sparsity of the representation very much depends on how well the dictionary is adapted to the data at hand. ...
computer science
7,721
Predictive Uncertainty Estimation via Prior Networks
stat.ML
Estimating uncertainty is important to improving the safety of AI systems. Recently baseline tasks and metrics have been defined and several practical methods for estimating uncertainty developed. However, these approaches attempt to model distributional uncertainty either implicitly through model uncertainty or as dat...
computer science
7,722
Memory-based Parameter Adaptation
stat.ML
Deep neural networks have excelled on a wide range of problems, from vision to language and game playing. Neural networks very gradually incorporate information into weights as they process data, requiring very low learning rates. If the training distribution shifts, the network is slow to adapt, and when it does adapt...
computer science
7,723
Automatic topography of high-dimensional data sets by non-parametric Density Peak clustering
stat.ML
Data analysis in high-dimensional spaces aims at obtaining a synthetic description of a data set, revealing its main structure and its salient features. We here introduce an approach for charting data spaces, providing a topography of the probability distribution from which the data are harvested. This topography inclu...
computer science
7,724
Exactly Robust Kernel Principal Component Analysis
cs.LG
We propose a novel method called robust kernel principal component analysis (RKPCA) to decompose a partially corrupted matrix as a sparse matrix plus a high or full-rank matrix whose columns are drawn from a nonlinear low-dimensional latent variable model. RKPCA can be applied to many problems such as noise removal and...
computer science
7,725
Modeling Activity Tracker Data Using Deep Boltzmann Machines
stat.ML
Commercial activity trackers are set to become an essential tool in health research, due to increasing availability in the general population. The corresponding vast amounts of mostly unlabeled data pose a challenge to statistical modeling approaches. To investigate the feasibility of deep learning approaches for unsup...
computer science
7,726
Constrained Classification and Ranking via Quantiles
cs.LG
In most machine learning applications, classification accuracy is not the primary metric of interest. Binary classifiers which face class imbalance are often evaluated by the $F_\beta$ score, area under the precision-recall curve, Precision at K, and more. The maximization of many of these metrics can be expressed as a...
computer science
7,727
Autoencoding topology
stat.ML
The problem of learning a manifold structure on a dataset is framed in terms of a generative model, to which we use ideas behind autoencoders (namely adversarial/Wasserstein autoencoders) to fit deep neural networks. From a machine learning perspective, the resulting structure, an atlas of a manifold, may be viewed as ...
computer science
7,728
Learning with Correntropy-induced Losses for Regression with Mixture of Symmetric Stable Noise
cs.LG
In recent years, correntropy and its applications in machine learning have been drawing continuous attention owing to its merits in dealing with non-Gaussian noise and outliers. However, theoretical understanding of correntropy, especially in the statistical learning context, is still limited. In this study, within the...
computer science
7,729
Learning Sparse Structured Ensembles with SG-MCMC and Network Pruning
stat.ML
An ensemble of neural networks is known to be more robust and accurate than an individual network, however usually with linearly-increased cost in both training and testing. In this work, we propose a two-stage method to learn Sparse Structured Ensembles (SSEs) for neural networks. In the first stage, we run SG-MCMC wi...
computer science
7,730
The Regularization Effects of Anisotropic Noise in Stochastic Gradient Descent
stat.ML
Understanding the generalization of deep learning has raised lots of concerns recently, where the learning algorithms play an important role in generalization performance, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Along this line, we particularly study the anisotropic noise introduced by SGD, and investigate its impor...
computer science
7,731
prDeep: Robust Phase Retrieval with Flexible Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
Phase retrieval (PR) algorithms have become an important component in many modern computational imaging systems. For instance, in the context of ptychography and speckle correlation imaging PR algorithms enable imaging past the diffraction limit and through scattering media, respectively. Unfortunately, traditional PR ...
computer science
7,732
Interval-based Prediction Uncertainty Bound Computation in Learning with Missing Values
stat.ML
The problem of machine learning with missing values is common in many areas. A simple approach is to first construct a dataset without missing values simply by discarding instances with missing entries or by imputing a fixed value for each missing entry, and then train a prediction model with the new dataset. A drawbac...
computer science
7,733
Wasserstein Distance Measure Machines
cs.LG
This paper presents a distance-based discriminative framework for learning with probability distributions. Instead of using kernel mean embeddings or generalized radial basis kernels, we introduce embeddings based on dissimilarity of distributions to some reference distributions denoted as templates. Our framework exte...
computer science
7,734
Minimax rates for cost-sensitive learning on manifolds with approximate nearest neighbours
cs.LG
We study the approximate nearest neighbour method for cost-sensitive classification on low-dimensional manifolds embedded within a high-dimensional feature space. We determine the minimax learning rates for distributions on a smooth manifold, in a cost-sensitive setting. This generalises a classic result of Audibert an...
computer science
7,735
The K-Nearest Neighbour UCB algorithm for multi-armed bandits with covariates
cs.LG
In this paper we propose and explore the k-Nearest Neighbour UCB algorithm for multi-armed bandits with covariates. We focus on a setting where the covariates are supported on a metric space of low intrinsic dimension, such as a manifold embedded within a high dimensional ambient feature space. The algorithm is concept...
computer science
7,736
Inferring Missing Categorical Information in Noisy and Sparse Web Markup
cs.LG
Embedded markup of Web pages has seen widespread adoption throughout the past years driven by standards such as RDFa and Microdata and initiatives such as schema.org, where recent studies show an adoption by 39% of all Web pages already in 2016. While this constitutes an important information source for tasks such as W...
computer science
7,737
PIP Distance: A Unitary-invariant Metric for Understanding Functionality and Dimensionality of Vector Embeddings
stat.ML
In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for understanding vector embedding, a fundamental building block of many deep learning models, especially in NLP. We discover a natural unitary-invariance in vector embeddings, which is required by the distributional hypothesis. This unitary-invariance states the fact t...
computer science
7,738
On Polynomial Time PAC Reinforcement Learning with Rich Observations
cs.LG
We study the computational tractability of provably sample-efficient (PAC) reinforcement learning in episodic environments with high-dimensional observations. We present new sample efficient algorithms for environments with deterministic hidden state dynamics but stochastic rich observations. These methods represent co...
computer science
7,739
Clinically Meaningful Comparisons Over Time: An Approach to Measuring Patient Similarity based on Subsequence Alignment
cs.LG
Longitudinal patient data has the potential to improve clinical risk stratification models for disease. However, chronic diseases that progress slowly over time are often heterogeneous in their clinical presentation. Patients may progress through disease stages at varying rates. This leads to pathophysiological misalig...
computer science
7,740
Detecting non-causal artifacts in multivariate linear regression models
stat.ML
We consider linear models where $d$ potential causes $X_1,...,X_d$ are correlated with one target quantity $Y$ and propose a method to infer whether the association is causal or whether it is an artifact caused by overfitting or hidden common causes. We employ the idea that in the former case the vector of regression c...
computer science
7,741
Gradient-based Sampling: An Adaptive Importance Sampling for Least-squares
stat.ML
In modern data analysis, random sampling is an efficient and widely-used strategy to overcome the computational difficulties brought by large sample size. In previous studies, researchers conducted random sampling which is according to the input data but independent on the response variable, however the response variab...
computer science
7,742
An Overview of Robust Subspace Recovery
cs.LG
This paper will serve as an introduction to the body of work on robust subspace recovery. Robust subspace recovery involves finding an underlying low-dimensional subspace in a dataset that is possibly corrupted with outliers. While this problem is easy to state, it has been difficult to develop optimal algorithms due t...
computer science
7,743
Building a Telescope to Look Into High-Dimensional Image Spaces
stat.ML
An image pattern can be represented by a probability distribution whose density is concentrated on different low-dimensional subspaces in the high-dimensional image space. Such probability densities have an astronomical number of local modes corresponding to typical pattern appearances. Related groups of modes can join...
computer science
7,744
Practical Contextual Bandits with Regression Oracles
cs.LG
A major challenge in contextual bandits is to design general-purpose algorithms that are both practically useful and theoretically well-founded. We present a new technique that has the empirical and computational advantages of realizability-based approaches combined with the flexibility of agnostic methods. Our algorit...
computer science
7,745
Slow and Stale Gradients Can Win the Race: Error-Runtime Trade-offs in Distributed SGD
stat.ML
Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) when run in a synchronous manner, suffers from delays in waiting for the slowest learners (stragglers). Asynchronous methods can alleviate stragglers, but cause gradient staleness that can adversely affect convergence. In this work we present the first theoretical character...
computer science
7,746
Fast and Sample Efficient Inductive Matrix Completion via Multi-Phase Procrustes Flow
stat.ML
We revisit the inductive matrix completion problem that aims to recover a rank-$r$ matrix with ambient dimension $d$ given $n$ features as the side prior information. The goal is to make use of the known $n$ features to reduce sample and computational complexities. We present and analyze a new gradient-based non-convex...
computer science
7,747
Greedy stochastic algorithms for entropy-regularized optimal transport problems
stat.ML
Optimal transport (OT) distances are finding evermore applications in machine learning and computer vision, but their wide spread use in larger-scale problems is impeded by their high computational cost. In this work we develop a family of fast and practical stochastic algorithms for solving the optimal transport probl...
computer science
7,748
Deep Network Regularization via Bayesian Inference of Synaptic Connectivity
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) often require good regularizers to generalize well. Currently, state-of-the-art DNN regularization techniques consist in randomly dropping units and/or connections on each iteration of the training algorithm. Dropout and DropConnect are characteristic examples of such regularizers, that are ...
computer science
7,749
Detecting Correlations with Little Memory and Communication
cs.LG
We study the problem of identifying correlations in multivariate data, under information constraints: Either on the amount of memory that can be used by the algorithm, or the amount of communication when the data is distributed across several machines. We prove a tight trade-off between the memory/communication complex...
computer science
7,750
Hierarchical Modeling and Shrinkage for User Session Length Prediction in Media Streaming
stat.ML
An important metric of users' satisfaction and engagement within on-line streaming services is the user session length, i.e. the amount of time they spend on a service continuously without interruption. Being able to predict this value directly benefits the recommendation and ad pacing contexts in music and video strea...
computer science
7,751
Stochastic Activation Pruning for Robust Adversarial Defense
cs.LG
Neural networks are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. Carefully chosen perturbations to real images, while imperceptible to humans, induce misclassification and threaten the reliability of deep learning systems in the wild. To guard against adversarial examples, we take inspiration from game theory and ca...
computer science
7,752
Memorization Precedes Generation: Learning Unsupervised GANs with Memory Networks
cs.LG
We propose an approach to address two issues that commonly occur during training of unsupervised GANs. First, since GANs use only a continuous latent distribution to embed multiple classes or clusters of data, they often do not correctly handle the structural discontinuity between disparate classes in a latent space. S...
computer science
7,753
Adversarial Extreme Multi-label Classification
stat.ML
The goal in extreme multi-label classification is to learn a classifier which can assign a small subset of relevant labels to an instance from an extremely large set of target labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit a long tail of labels which have small number of positive training instances. In this work, w...
computer science
7,754
A Comparative Study of Pairwise Learning Methods based on Kernel Ridge Regression
stat.ML
Many machine learning problems can be formulated as predicting labels for a pair of objects. Problems of that kind are often referred to as pairwise learning, dyadic prediction or network inference problems. During the last decade kernel methods have played a dominant role in pairwise learning. They still obtain a stat...
computer science
7,755
Optimizing Slate Recommendations via Slate-CVAE
stat.ML
The slate recommendation problem aims to find the "optimal" ordering of a subset of documents to be presented on a surface that we call "slate". The definition of "optimal" changes depending on the underlying applications but a typical goal is to maximize user engagement with the slate. Solving this problem at scale is...
computer science
7,756
How to Start Training: The Effect of Initialization and Architecture
stat.ML
We investigate the effects of initialization and architecture on the start of training in deep ReLU nets. We identify two common failure modes for early training in which the mean and variance of activations are poorly behaved. For each failure mode, we give a rigorous proof of when it occurs at initialization and how ...
computer science
7,757
Differentiable Submodular Maximization
stat.ML
We consider learning of submodular functions from data. These functions are important in machine learning and have a wide range of applications, e.g. data summarization, feature selection and active learning. Despite their combinatorial nature, submodular functions can be maximized approximately with strong theoretical...
computer science
7,758
Norm matters: efficient and accurate normalization schemes in deep networks
stat.ML
Over the past few years batch-normalization has been commonly used in deep networks, allowing faster training and high performance for a wide variety of applications. However, the reasons behind its merits remained unanswered, with several shortcomings that hindered its use for certain tasks. In this work we present a ...
computer science
7,759
Marginal Singularity, and the Benefits of Labels in Covariate-Shift
stat.ML
We present new minimax results that concisely capture the relative benefits of source and target labeled data, under covariate-shift. Namely, we show that the benefits of target labels are controlled by a transfer-exponent $\gamma$ that encodes how singular Q is locally w.r.t. P, and interestingly allows situations whe...
computer science
7,760
Conducting Credit Assignment by Aligning Local Representations
cs.LG
The use of back-propagation and its variants to train deep networks is often problematic for new users, with issues such as exploding gradients, vanishing gradients, and high sensitivity to weight initialization strategies often making networks difficult to train. In this paper, we present Local Representation Alignmen...
computer science
7,761
TACO: Learning Task Decomposition via Temporal Alignment for Control
cs.LG
Many advanced Learning from Demonstration (LfD) methods consider the decomposition of complex, real-world tasks into simpler sub-tasks. By reusing the corresponding sub-policies within and between tasks, they provide training data for each policy from different high-level tasks and compose them to perform novel ones. E...
computer science
7,762
Convergence of Gradient Descent on Separable Data
stat.ML
The implicit bias of gradient descent is not fully understood even in simple linear classification tasks (e.g., logistic regression). Soudry et al. (2018) studied this bias on separable data, where there are multiple solutions that correctly classify the data. It was found that, when optimizing monotonically decreasing...
computer science
7,763
Understanding Short-Horizon Bias in Stochastic Meta-Optimization
cs.LG
Careful tuning of the learning rate, or even schedules thereof, can be crucial to effective neural net training. There has been much recent interest in gradient-based meta-optimization, where one tunes hyperparameters, or even learns an optimizer, in order to minimize the expected loss when the training procedure is un...
computer science
7,764
Accelerated Gradient Boosting
stat.ML
Gradient tree boosting is a prediction algorithm that sequentially produces a model in the form of linear combinations of decision trees, by solving an infinite-dimensional optimization problem. We combine gradient boosting and Nesterov's accelerated descent to design a new algorithm, which we call AGB (for Accelerated...
computer science
7,765
HexaConv
cs.LG
The effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks stems in large part from their ability to exploit the translation invariance that is inherent in many learning problems. Recently, it was shown that CNNs can exploit other invariances, such as rotation invariance, by using group convolutions instead of planar convoluti...
computer science
7,766
Deep Super Learner: A Deep Ensemble for Classification Problems
cs.LG
Deep learning has become very popular for tasks such as predictive modeling and pattern recognition in handling big data. Deep learning is a powerful machine learning method that extracts lower level features and feeds them forward for the next layer to identify higher level features that improve performance. However, ...
computer science
7,767
Learning Memory Access Patterns
cs.LG
The explosion in workload complexity and the recent slow-down in Moore's law scaling call for new approaches towards efficient computing. Researchers are now beginning to use recent advances in machine learning in software optimizations, augmenting or replacing traditional heuristics and data structures. However, the s...
computer science
7,768
Sequential Maximum Margin Classifiers for Partially Labeled Data
stat.ML
In many real-world applications, data is not collected as one batch, but sequentially over time, and often it is not possible or desirable to wait until the data is completely gathered before analyzing it. Thus, we propose a framework to sequentially update a maximum margin classifier by taking advantage of the Maximum...
computer science
7,769
Gaussian Process Latent Variable Alignment Learning
stat.ML
We present a model that can automatically learn alignments between high-dimensional data in an unsupervised manner. Learning alignments is an ill-constrained problem as there are many different ways of defining a good alignment. Our proposed method casts alignment learning in a framework where both alignment and data a...
computer science
7,770
Transfer Automatic Machine Learning
cs.LG
Building effective neural networks requires many design choices. These include the network topology, optimization procedure, regularization, stability methods, and choice of pre-trained parameters. This design is time consuming and requires expert input. Automatic Machine Learning aims automate this process using hyper...
computer science
7,771
Fast Dawid-Skene
stat.ML
Many real world problems can now be effectively solved using supervised machine learning. A major roadblock is often the lack of an adequate quantity of labeled data for training. A possible solution is to assign the task of labeling data to a crowd, and then infer the true label using aggregation methods. A well-known...
computer science
7,772
A bag-to-class divergence approach to multiple-instance learning
stat.ML
In multi-instance (MI) learning, each object (bag) consists of multiple feature vectors (instances), and is most commonly regarded as a set of points in a multidimensional space. A different viewpoint is that the instances are realisations of random vectors with corresponding probability distribution, and that a bag is...
computer science
7,773
Deep Models of Interactions Across Sets
stat.ML
We use deep learning to model interactions across two or more sets of objects, such as user-movie ratings or protein-drug bindings. The canonical representation of such interactions is a matrix (or tensor) with an exchangeability property: the encoding's meaning is not changed by permuting rows or columns. We argue tha...
computer science
7,774
Fast Convergence for Stochastic and Distributed Gradient Descent in the Interpolation Limit
stat.ML
Modern supervised learning techniques, particularly those using so called deep nets, involve fitting high dimensional labelled data sets with functions containing very large numbers of parameters. Much of this work is empirical, and interesting phenomena have been observed that require theoretical explanations, however...
computer science
7,775
A Bayesian and Machine Learning approach to estimating Influence Model parameters for IM-RO
stat.ML
The rise of Online Social Networks (OSNs) has caused an insurmountable amount of interest from advertisers and researchers seeking to monopolize on its features. Researchers aim to develop strategies for determining how information is propagated among users within an OSN that is captured by diffusion or influence model...
computer science
7,776
Improving Optimization in Models With Continuous Symmetry Breaking
stat.ML
Many loss functions in representation learning are invariant under a continuous symmetry transformation. As an example, consider word embeddings (Mikolov et al., 2013), where the loss remains unchanged if we simultaneously rotate all word and context embedding vectors. We show that representation learning models with a...
computer science
7,777
Efficient Loss-Based Decoding On Graphs For Extreme Classification
cs.LG
In extreme classification problems, learning algorithms are required to map instances to labels from an extremely large label set. We build on a recent extreme classification framework with logarithmic time and space, and on a general approach for error correcting output coding (ECOC), and introduce a flexible and effi...
computer science
7,778
Learning Deep Generative Models of Graphs
cs.LG
Graphs are fundamental data structures which concisely capture the relational structure in many important real-world domains, such as knowledge graphs, physical and social interactions, language, and chemistry. Here we introduce a powerful new approach for learning generative models over graphs, which can capture both ...
computer science
7,779
High-Accuracy Low-Precision Training
cs.LG
Low-precision computation is often used to lower the time and energy cost of machine learning, and recently hardware accelerators have been developed to support it. Still, it has been used primarily for inference - not training. Previous low-precision training algorithms suffered from a fundamental tradeoff: as the num...
computer science
7,780
On Generation of Adversarial Examples using Convex Programming
cs.LG
It has been observed that deep learning architectures tend to make erroneous decisions with high reliability for particularly designed adversarial instances. In this work, we show that the perturbation analysis of these architectures provides a method for generating adversarial instances by convex programming which, fo...
computer science
7,781
Hourly-Similarity Based Solar Forecasting Using Multi-Model Machine Learning Blending
stat.ML
With the increasing penetration of solar power into power systems, forecasting becomes critical in power system operations. In this paper, an hourly-similarity (HS) based method is developed for 1-hour-ahead (1HA) global horizontal irradiance (GHI) forecasting. This developed method utilizes diurnal patterns, statistic...
computer science
7,782
Competitive Machine Learning: Best Theoretical Prediction vs Optimization
cs.LG
Machine learning is often used in competitive scenarios: Participants learn and fit static models, and those models compete in a shared platform. The common assumption is that in order to win a competition one has to have the best predictive model, i.e., the model with the smallest out-sample error. Is that necessarily...
computer science
7,783
Scoring Formulation for Multi-Condition Joint PLDA
cs.LG
The joint PLDA model, is a generalization of PLDA where the nuisance variable is no longer considered independent across samples, but potentially shared (tied) across samples that correspond to the same nuisance condition. The original work considered a single nuisance condition, deriving the EM and scoring formulas fo...
computer science
7,784
Influence of the Event Rate on Discrimination Abilities of Bankruptcy Prediction Models
stat.ML
In bankruptcy prediction, the proportion of events is very low, which is often oversampled to eliminate this bias. In this paper, we study the influence of the event rate on discrimination abilities of bankruptcy prediction models. First the statistical association and significance of public records and firmographics i...
computer science
7,785
Speech Recognition: Keyword Spotting Through Image Recognition
stat.ML
The problem of identifying voice commands has always been a challenge due to the presence of noise and variability in speed, pitch, etc. We will compare the efficacies of several neural network architectures for the speech recognition problem. In particular, we will build a model to determine whether a one second audio...
computer science
7,786
A Minimax Surrogate Loss Approach to Conditional Difference Estimation
stat.ML
We present a new machine learning approach to estimate personalized treatment effects in the classical potential outcomes framework with binary outcomes. To overcome the problem that both treatment and control outcomes for the same unit are required for supervised learning, we propose surrogate loss functions that inco...
computer science
7,787
On dynamic ensemble selection and data preprocessing for multi-class imbalance learning
stat.ML
Class-imbalance refers to classification problems in which many more instances are available for certain classes than for others. Such imbalanced datasets require special attention because traditional classifiers generally favor the majority class which has a large number of instances. Ensemble of classifiers have been...
computer science
7,788
Deep reinforcement learning for time series: playing idealized trading games
cs.LG
Deep Q-learning is investigated as an end-to-end solution to estimate the optimal strategies for acting on time series input. Experiments are conducted on two idealized trading games. 1) Univariate: the only input is a wave-like price time series, and 2) Bivariate: the input includes a random stepwise price time series...
computer science
7,789
Multi-objective Contextual Bandit Problem with Similarity Information
stat.ML
In this paper we propose the multi-objective contextual bandit problem with similarity information. This problem extends the classical contextual bandit problem with similarity information by introducing multiple and possibly conflicting objectives. Since the best arm in each objective can be different given the contex...
computer science
7,790
Interpreting Deep Classifier by Visual Distillation of Dark Knowledge
cs.LG
Interpreting black box classifiers, such as deep networks, allows an analyst to validate a classifier before it is deployed in a high-stakes setting. A natural idea is to visualize the deep network's representations, so as to "see what the network sees". In this paper, we demonstrate that standard dimension reduction m...
computer science
7,791
Representation Learning over Dynamic Graphs
cs.LG
How can we effectively encode evolving information over dynamic graphs into low-dimensional representations? In this paper, we propose DyRep, an inductive deep representation learning framework that learns a set of functions to efficiently produce low-dimensional node embeddings that evolves over time. The learned embe...
computer science
7,792
Pseudo-task Augmentation: From Deep Multitask Learning to Intratask Sharing---and Back
cs.LG
Deep multitask learning boosts performance by sharing learned structure across related tasks. This paper adapts ideas from deep multitask learning to the setting where only a single task is available. The method is formalized as pseudo-task augmentation, in which models are trained with multiple decoders for each task....
computer science
7,793
Learning Binary Bayesian Networks in Polynomial Time and Sample Complexity
cs.LG
We consider the problem of structure learning for binary Bayesian networks. Our approach is to recover the true parents and children for each node first and then combine the results to recover the skeleton. We do not assume any specific probability distribution for the nodes. Rather, we show that if the probability dis...
computer science
7,794
R3Net: Random Weights, Rectifier Linear Units and Robustness for Artificial Neural Network
stat.ML
We consider a neural network architecture with randomized features, a sign-splitter, followed by rectified linear units (ReLU). We prove that our architecture exhibits robustness to the input perturbation: the output feature of the neural network exhibits a Lipschitz continuity in terms of the input perturbation. We fu...
computer science
7,795
Multi-kernel Regression For Graph Signal Processing
stat.ML
We develop a multi-kernel based regression method for graph signal processing where the target signal is assumed to be smooth over a graph. In multi-kernel regression, an effective kernel function is expressed as a linear combination of many basis kernel functions. We estimate the linear weights to learn the effective ...
computer science
7,796
Semiparametric Contextual Bandits
stat.ML
This paper studies semiparametric contextual bandits, a generalization of the linear stochastic bandit problem where the reward for an action is modeled as a linear function of known action features confounded by an non-linear action-independent term. We design new algorithms that achieve $\tilde{O}(d\sqrt{T})$ regret ...
computer science
7,797
Neural Conditional Gradients
cs.LG
The move from hand-designed to learned optimizers in machine learning has been quite successful for gradient-based and -free optimizers. When facing a constrained problem, however, maintaining feasibility typically requires a projection step, which might be computationally expensive and not differentiable. We show how ...
computer science
7,798
Delayed Impact of Fair Machine Learning
cs.LG
Fairness in machine learning has predominantly been studied in static classification settings without concern for how decisions change the underlying population over time. Conventional wisdom suggests that fairness criteria promote the long-term well-being of those groups they aim to protect. We study how static fair...
computer science
7,799
Flipout: Efficient Pseudo-Independent Weight Perturbations on Mini-Batches
cs.LG
Stochastic neural net weights are used in a variety of contexts, including regularization, Bayesian neural nets, exploration in reinforcement learning, and evolution strategies. Unfortunately, due to the large number of weights, all the examples in a mini-batch typically share the same weight perturbation, thereby limi...
computer science