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Probabilistic graphs using coupled random variables
cs.LG
Neural network design has utilized flexible nonlinear processes which can mimic biological systems, but has suffered from a lack of traceability in the resulting network. Graphical probabilistic models ground network design in probabilistic reasoning, but the restrictions reduce the expressive capability of each node m...
computer science
7,901
Augmented Neural Networks for Modelling Consumer Indebtness
cs.CE
Consumer Debt has risen to be an important problem of modern societies, generating a lot of research in order to understand the nature of consumer indebtness, which so far its modelling has been carried out by statistical models. In this work we show that Computational Intelligence can offer a more holistic approach th...
computer science
7,902
Building Program Vector Representations for Deep Learning
cs.SE
Deep learning has made significant breakthroughs in various fields of artificial intelligence. Advantages of deep learning include the ability to capture highly complicated features, weak involvement of human engineering, etc. However, it is still virtually impossible to use deep learning to analyze programs since deep...
computer science
7,903
Convolutional Neural Networks over Tree Structures for Programming Language Processing
cs.LG
Programming language processing (similar to natural language processing) is a hot research topic in the field of software engineering; it has also aroused growing interest in the artificial intelligence community. However, different from a natural language sentence, a program contains rich, explicit, and complicated st...
computer science
7,904
cuDNN: Efficient Primitives for Deep Learning
cs.NE
We present a library of efficient implementations of deep learning primitives. Deep learning workloads are computationally intensive, and optimizing their kernels is difficult and time-consuming. As parallel architectures evolve, kernels must be reoptimized, which makes maintaining codebases difficult over time. Simila...
computer science
7,905
Kickback cuts Backprop's red-tape: Biologically plausible credit assignment in neural networks
cs.LG
Error backpropagation is an extremely effective algorithm for assigning credit in artificial neural networks. However, weight updates under Backprop depend on lengthy recursive computations and require separate output and error messages -- features not shared by biological neurons, that are perhaps unnecessary. In this...
computer science
7,906
Quantum Deep Learning
cs.LG
In recent years, deep learning has had a profound impact on machine learning and artificial intelligence. At the same time, algorithms for quantum computers have been shown to efficiently solve some problems that are intractable on conventional, classical computers. We show that quantum computing not only reduces the t...
computer science
7,907
Simulating a perceptron on a quantum computer
cs.LG
Perceptrons are the basic computational unit of artificial neural networks, as they model the activation mechanism of an output neuron due to incoming signals from its neighbours. As linear classifiers, they play an important role in the foundations of machine learning. In the context of the emerging field of quantum m...
computer science
7,908
Crypto-Nets: Neural Networks over Encrypted Data
cs.LG
The problem we address is the following: how can a user employ a predictive model that is held by a third party, without compromising private information. For example, a hospital may wish to use a cloud service to predict the readmission risk of a patient. However, due to regulations, the patient's medical files cannot...
computer science
7,909
Detecting Epileptic Seizures from EEG Data using Neural Networks
cs.LG
We explore the use of neural networks trained with dropout in predicting epileptic seizures from electroencephalographic data (scalp EEG). The input to the neural network is a 126 feature vector containing 9 features for each of the 14 EEG channels obtained over 1-second, non-overlapping windows. The models in our expe...
computer science
7,910
Audio Source Separation Using a Deep Autoencoder
cs.SD
This paper proposes a novel framework for unsupervised audio source separation using a deep autoencoder. The characteristics of unknown source signals mixed in the mixed input is automatically by properly configured autoencoders implemented by a network with many layers, and separated by clustering the coefficient vect...
computer science
7,911
Fast Convolutional Nets With fbfft: A GPU Performance Evaluation
cs.LG
We examine the performance profile of Convolutional Neural Network training on the current generation of NVIDIA Graphics Processing Units. We introduce two new Fast Fourier Transform convolution implementations: one based on NVIDIA's cuFFT library, and another based on a Facebook authored FFT implementation, fbfft, tha...
computer science
7,912
Protein Secondary Structure Prediction with Long Short Term Memory Networks
cs.LG
Prediction of protein secondary structure from the amino acid sequence is a classical bioinformatics problem. Common methods use feed forward neural networks or SVMs combined with a sliding window, as these models does not naturally handle sequential data. Recurrent neural networks are an generalization of the feed for...
computer science
7,913
Stochastic Gradient Based Extreme Learning Machines For Online Learning of Advanced Combustion Engines
cs.NE
In this article, a stochastic gradient based online learning algorithm for Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) is developed (SG-ELM). A stability criterion based on Lyapunov approach is used to prove both asymptotic stability of estimation error and stability in the estimated parameters suitable for identification of nonli...
computer science
7,914
maxDNN: An Efficient Convolution Kernel for Deep Learning with Maxwell GPUs
cs.NE
This paper describes maxDNN, a computationally efficient convolution kernel for deep learning with the NVIDIA Maxwell GPU. maxDNN reaches 96.3% computational efficiency on typical deep learning network architectures. The design combines ideas from cuda-convnet2 with the Maxas SGEMM assembly code. We only address forwar...
computer science
7,915
Deep Transform: Cocktail Party Source Separation via Complex Convolution in a Deep Neural Network
cs.SD
Convolutional deep neural networks (DNN) are state of the art in many engineering problems but have not yet addressed the issue of how to deal with complex spectrograms. Here, we use circular statistics to provide a convenient probabilistic estimate of spectrogram phase in a complex convolutional DNN. In a typical cock...
computer science
7,916
Deep Karaoke: Extracting Vocals from Musical Mixtures Using a Convolutional Deep Neural Network
cs.SD
Identification and extraction of singing voice from within musical mixtures is a key challenge in source separation and machine audition. Recently, deep neural networks (DNN) have been used to estimate 'ideal' binary masks for carefully controlled cocktail party speech separation problems. However, it is not yet known ...
computer science
7,917
Deep Learning and Music Adversaries
cs.LG
An adversary is essentially an algorithm intent on making a classification system perform in some particular way given an input, e.g., increase the probability of a false negative. Recent work builds adversaries for deep learning systems applied to image object recognition, which exploits the parameters of the system t...
computer science
7,918
Toward a Robust Sparse Data Representation for Wireless Sensor Networks
cs.NI
Compressive sensing has been successfully used for optimized operations in wireless sensor networks. However, raw data collected by sensors may be neither originally sparse nor easily transformed into a sparse data representation. This paper addresses the problem of transforming source data collected by sensor nodes in...
computer science
7,919
Deep Online Convex Optimization by Putting Forecaster to Sleep
cs.LG
Methods from convex optimization such as accelerated gradient descent are widely used as building blocks for deep learning algorithms. However, the reasons for their empirical success are unclear, since neural networks are not convex and standard guarantees do not apply. This paper develops the first rigorous link betw...
computer science
7,920
STDP as presynaptic activity times rate of change of postsynaptic activity
cs.NE
We introduce a weight update formula that is expressed only in terms of firing rates and their derivatives and that results in changes consistent with those associated with spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) rules and biological observations, even though the explicit timing of spikes is not needed. The new rule c...
computer science
7,921
Large-scale Artificial Neural Network: MapReduce-based Deep Learning
cs.DC
Faced with continuously increasing scale of data, original back-propagation neural network based machine learning algorithm presents two non-trivial challenges: huge amount of data makes it difficult to maintain both efficiency and accuracy; redundant data aggravates the system workload. This project is mainly focused ...
computer science
7,922
Adopting Robustness and Optimality in Fitting and Learning
cs.LG
We generalized a modified exponentialized estimator by pushing the robust-optimal (RO) index $\lambda$ to $-\infty$ for achieving robustness to outliers by optimizing a quasi-Minimin function. The robustness is realized and controlled adaptively by the RO index without any predefined threshold. Optimality is guaranteed...
computer science
7,923
Data-driven detrending of nonstationary fractal time series with echo state networks
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven approach for removing trends (detrending) from nonstationary, fractal and multifractal time series. We consider real-valued time series relative to measurements of an underlying dynamical system that evolves through time. We assume that such a dynamical process is predictab...
computer science
7,924
Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequential Phenotype Prediction in Genomics
cs.NE
In analyzing of modern biological data, we are often dealing with ill-posed problems and missing data, mostly due to high dimensionality and multicollinearity of the dataset. In this paper, we have proposed a system based on matrix factorization (MF) and deep recurrent neural networks (DRNNs) for genotype imputation an...
computer science
7,925
Deep Activity Recognition Models with Triaxial Accelerometers
cs.LG
Despite the widespread installation of accelerometers in almost all mobile phones and wearable devices, activity recognition using accelerometers is still immature due to the poor recognition accuracy of existing recognition methods and the scarcity of labeled training data. We consider the problem of human activity re...
computer science
7,926
Automatic Instrument Recognition in Polyphonic Music Using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.SD
Traditional methods to tackle many music information retrieval tasks typically follow a two-step architecture: feature engineering followed by a simple learning algorithm. In these "shallow" architectures, feature engineering and learning are typically disjoint and unrelated. Additionally, feature engineering is diffic...
computer science
7,927
Online Batch Selection for Faster Training of Neural Networks
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are commonly trained using stochastic non-convex optimization procedures, which are driven by gradient information estimated on fractions (batches) of the dataset. While it is commonly accepted that batch size is an important parameter for offline tuning, the benefits of online selection of batches...
computer science
7,928
Exponential Natural Particle Filter
cs.LG
Particle Filter algorithm (PF) suffers from some problems such as the loss of particle diversity, the need for large number of particles, and the costly selection of the importance density functions. In this paper, a novel Exponential Natural Particle Filter (xNPF) is introduced to solve the above problems. In this app...
computer science
7,929
Session-based Recommendations with Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
We apply recurrent neural networks (RNN) on a new domain, namely recommender systems. Real-life recommender systems often face the problem of having to base recommendations only on short session-based data (e.g. a small sportsware website) instead of long user histories (as in the case of Netflix). In this situation th...
computer science
7,930
Detecting Road Surface Wetness from Audio: A Deep Learning Approach
cs.LG
We introduce a recurrent neural network architecture for automated road surface wetness detection from audio of tire-surface interaction. The robustness of our approach is evaluated on 785,826 bins of audio that span an extensive range of vehicle speeds, noises from the environment, road surface types, and pavement con...
computer science
7,931
MXNet: A Flexible and Efficient Machine Learning Library for Heterogeneous Distributed Systems
cs.DC
MXNet is a multi-language machine learning (ML) library to ease the development of ML algorithms, especially for deep neural networks. Embedded in the host language, it blends declarative symbolic expression with imperative tensor computation. It offers auto differentiation to derive gradients. MXNet is computation and...
computer science
7,932
Reinforcement Control with Hierarchical Backpropagated Adaptive Critics
cs.NE
Present incremental learning methods are limited in the ability to achieve reliable credit assignment over a large number time steps (or events). However, this situation is typical for cases where the dynamical system to be controlled requires relatively frequent control updates in order to maintain stability or robust...
computer science
7,933
Mobile Big Data Analytics Using Deep Learning and Apache Spark
cs.DC
The proliferation of mobile devices, such as smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets, results in the recent mobile big data (MBD) era. Collecting MBD is unprofitable unless suitable analytics and learning methods are utilized for extracting meaningful information and hidden patterns from data. This article pre...
computer science
7,934
vDNN: Virtualized Deep Neural Networks for Scalable, Memory-Efficient Neural Network Design
cs.DC
The most widely used machine learning frameworks require users to carefully tune their memory usage so that the deep neural network (DNN) fits into the DRAM capacity of a GPU. This restriction hampers a researcher's flexibility to study different machine learning algorithms, forcing them to either use a less desirable ...
computer science
7,935
Determination of the edge of criticality in echo state networks through Fisher information maximization
cs.LG
It is a widely accepted fact that the computational capability of recurrent neural networks is maximized on the so-called "edge of criticality". Once the network operates in this configuration, it performs efficiently on a specific application both in terms of (i) low prediction error and (ii) high short-term memory ca...
computer science
7,936
Comparing Time and Frequency Domain for Audio Event Recognition Using Deep Learning
cs.NE
Recognizing acoustic events is an intricate problem for a machine and an emerging field of research. Deep neural networks achieve convincing results and are currently the state-of-the-art approach for many tasks. One advantage is their implicit feature learning, opposite to an explicit feature extraction of the input s...
computer science
7,937
The Asymptotic Performance of Linear Echo State Neural Networks
cs.LG
In this article, a study of the mean-square error (MSE) performance of linear echo-state neural networks is performed, both for training and testing tasks. Considering the realistic setting of noise present at the network nodes, we derive deterministic equivalents for the aforementioned MSE in the limit where the numbe...
computer science
7,938
DeepLearningKit - an GPU Optimized Deep Learning Framework for Apple's iOS, OS X and tvOS developed in Metal and Swift
cs.LG
In this paper we present DeepLearningKit - an open source framework that supports using pretrained deep learning models (convolutional neural networks) for iOS, OS X and tvOS. DeepLearningKit is developed in Metal in order to utilize the GPU efficiently and Swift for integration with applications, e.g. iOS-based mobile...
computer science
7,939
DLAU: A Scalable Deep Learning Accelerator Unit on FPGA
cs.LG
As the emerging field of machine learning, deep learning shows excellent ability in solving complex learning problems. However, the size of the networks becomes increasingly large scale due to the demands of the practical applications, which poses significant challenge to construct a high performance implementations of...
computer science
7,940
Ensemble-Compression: A New Method for Parallel Training of Deep Neural Networks
cs.DC
Parallelization framework has become a necessity to speed up the training of deep neural networks (DNN) recently. Such framework typically employs the Model Average approach, denoted as MA-DNN, in which parallel workers conduct respective training based on their own local data while the parameters of local models are p...
computer science
7,941
Feedforward Initialization for Fast Inference of Deep Generative Networks is biologically plausible
cs.LG
We consider deep multi-layered generative models such as Boltzmann machines or Hopfield nets in which computation (which implements inference) is both recurrent and stochastic, but where the recurrence is not to model sequential structure, only to perform computation. We find conditions under which a simple feedforward...
computer science
7,942
Adversarial Perturbations Against Deep Neural Networks for Malware Classification
cs.CR
Deep neural networks, like many other machine learning models, have recently been shown to lack robustness against adversarially crafted inputs. These inputs are derived from regular inputs by minor yet carefully selected perturbations that deceive machine learning models into desired misclassifications. Existing work ...
computer science
7,943
Multi-Modal Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Speech Enhancement
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have been successful in en- hancing noisy speech signals. Enhancement is achieved by learning a nonlinear mapping function from the features of the corrupted speech signal to that of the reference clean speech signal. The quality of predicted features can be improved by providing additional s...
computer science
7,944
Classifying Variable-Length Audio Files with All-Convolutional Networks and Masked Global Pooling
cs.NE
We trained a deep all-convolutional neural network with masked global pooling to perform single-label classification for acoustic scene classification and multi-label classification for domestic audio tagging in the DCASE-2016 contest. Our network achieved an average accuracy of 84.5% on the four-fold cross-validation ...
computer science
7,945
Automatic Environmental Sound Recognition: Performance versus Computational Cost
cs.SD
In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), sound sensing applications are required to run on embedded platforms where notions of product pricing and form factor impose hard constraints on the available computing power. Whereas Automatic Environmental Sound Recognition (AESR) algorithms are most often developed wit...
computer science
7,946
Learning to Decode Linear Codes Using Deep Learning
cs.IT
A novel deep learning method for improving the belief propagation algorithm is proposed. The method generalizes the standard belief propagation algorithm by assigning weights to the edges of the Tanner graph. These edges are then trained using deep learning techniques. A well-known property of the belief propagation al...
computer science
7,947
Horn: A System for Parallel Training and Regularizing of Large-Scale Neural Networks
cs.DC
I introduce a new distributed system for effective training and regularizing of Large-Scale Neural Networks on distributed computing architectures. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of flexible model partitioning and parallelization strategies based on neuron-centric computation model, with an implementatio...
computer science
7,948
SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts
cs.LG
Restart techniques are common in gradient-free optimization to deal with multimodal functions. Partial warm restarts are also gaining popularity in gradient-based optimization to improve the rate of convergence in accelerated gradient schemes to deal with ill-conditioned functions. In this paper, we propose a simple wa...
computer science
7,949
Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Music Classification
cs.NE
We introduce a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) for music tagging. CRNNs take advantage of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for local feature extraction and recurrent neural networks for temporal summarisation of the extracted features. We compare CRNN with three CNN structures that have been used for ...
computer science
7,950
A Quantum Implementation Model for Artificial Neural Networks
cs.LG
The learning process for multi layered neural networks with many nodes makes heavy demands on computational resources. In some neural network models, the learning formulas, such as the Widrow-Hoff formula, do not change the eigenvectors of the weight matrix while flatting the eigenvalues. In infinity, this iterative fo...
computer science
7,951
Very Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Raw Waveforms
cs.SD
Learning acoustic models directly from the raw waveform data with minimal processing is challenging. Current waveform-based models have generally used very few (~2) convolutional layers, which might be insufficient for building high-level discriminative features. In this work, we propose very deep convolutional neural ...
computer science
7,952
Optimizing Memory Efficiency for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on GPUs
cs.DC
Leveraging large data sets, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieve state-of-the-art recognition accuracy. Due to the substantial compute and memory operations, however, they require significant execution time. The massive parallel computing capability of GPUs make them as one of the ideal platforms to accele...
computer science
7,953
Deep Neural Networks for Improved, Impromptu Trajectory Tracking of Quadrotors
cs.RO
Trajectory tracking control for quadrotors is important for applications ranging from surveying and inspection, to film making. However, designing and tuning classical controllers, such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, to achieve high tracking precision can be time-consuming and difficult, due to ...
computer science
7,954
Robustly representing uncertainty in deep neural networks through sampling
cs.LG
As deep neural networks (DNNs) are applied to increasingly challenging problems, they will need to be able to represent their own uncertainty. Modeling uncertainty is one of the key features of Bayesian methods. Using Bernoulli dropout with sampling at prediction time has recently been proposed as an efficient and well...
computer science
7,955
Generative Multi-Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a framework for producing a generative model by way of a two-player minimax game. In this paper, we propose the \emph{Generative Multi-Adversarial Network} (GMAN), a framework that extends GANs to multiple discriminators. In previous work, the successful training of GANs requi...
computer science
7,956
DeepSense: A Unified Deep Learning Framework for Time-Series Mobile Sensing Data Processing
cs.LG
Mobile sensing applications usually require time-series inputs from sensors. Some applications, such as tracking, can use sensed acceleration and rate of rotation to calculate displacement based on physical system models. Other applications, such as activity recognition, extract manually designed features from sensor i...
computer science
7,957
Predicting non-linear dynamics by stable local learning in a recurrent spiking neural network
cs.LG
Brains need to predict how the body reacts to motor commands. It is an open question how networks of spiking neurons can learn to reproduce the non-linear body dynamics caused by motor commands, using local, online and stable learning rules. Here, we present a supervised learning scheme for the feedforward and recurren...
computer science
7,958
RNN Decoding of Linear Block Codes
cs.IT
Designing a practical, low complexity, close to optimal, channel decoder for powerful algebraic codes with short to moderate block length is an open research problem. Recently it has been shown that a feed-forward neural network architecture can improve on standard belief propagation decoding, despite the large example...
computer science
7,959
Convolutional Gated Recurrent Neural Network Incorporating Spatial Features for Audio Tagging
cs.SD
Environmental audio tagging is a newly proposed task to predict the presence or absence of a specific audio event in a chunk. Deep neural network (DNN) based methods have been successfully adopted for predicting the audio tags in the domestic audio scene. In this paper, we propose to use a convolutional neural network ...
computer science
7,960
Sample-level Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Music Auto-tagging Using Raw Waveforms
cs.SD
Recently, the end-to-end approach that learns hierarchical representations from raw data using deep convolutional neural networks has been successfully explored in the image, text and speech domains. This approach was applied to musical signals as well but has been not fully explored yet. To this end, we propose sample...
computer science
7,961
Multi-Level and Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation Using Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Music Auto-tagging
cs.NE
Music auto-tagging is often handled in a similar manner to image classification by regarding the 2D audio spectrogram as image data. However, music auto-tagging is distinguished from image classification in that the tags are highly diverse and have different levels of abstractions. Considering this issue, we propose a ...
computer science
7,962
Sensor Fusion for Robot Control through Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.RO
Deep reinforcement learning is becoming increasingly popular for robot control algorithms, with the aim for a robot to self-learn useful feature representations from unstructured sensory input leading to the optimal actuation policy. In addition to sensors mounted on the robot, sensors might also be deployed in the env...
computer science
7,963
SEGAN: Speech Enhancement Generative Adversarial Network
cs.LG
Current speech enhancement techniques operate on the spectral domain and/or exploit some higher-level feature. The majority of them tackle a limited number of noise conditions and rely on first-order statistics. To circumvent these issues, deep networks are being increasingly used, thanks to their ability to learn comp...
computer science
7,964
Deep Learning and Quantum Entanglement: Fundamental Connections with Implications to Network Design
cs.LG
Deep convolutional networks have witnessed unprecedented success in various machine learning applications. Formal understanding on what makes these networks so successful is gradually unfolding, but for the most part there are still significant mysteries to unravel. The inductive bias, which reflects prior knowledge em...
computer science
7,965
Unsupervised prototype learning in an associative-memory network
cs.NE
Unsupervised learning in a generalized Hopfield associative-memory network is investigated in this work. First, we prove that the (generalized) Hopfield model is equivalent to a semi-restricted Boltzmann machine with a layer of visible neurons and another layer of hidden binary neurons, so it could serve as the buildin...
computer science
7,966
A dynamic connectome supports the emergence of stable computational function of neural circuits through reward-based learning
cs.LG
Synaptic connections between neurons in the brain are dynamic because of continuously ongoing spine dynamics, axonal sprouting, and other processes. In fact, it was recently shown that the spontaneous synapse-autonomous component of spine dynamics is at least as large as the component that depends on the history of pre...
computer science
7,967
In-Datacenter Performance Analysis of a Tensor Processing Unit
cs.AR
Many architects believe that major improvements in cost-energy-performance must now come from domain-specific hardware. This paper evaluates a custom ASIC---called a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)---deployed in datacenters since 2015 that accelerates the inference phase of neural networks (NN). The heart of the TPU is a ...
computer science
7,968
Differential Evolution and Bayesian Optimisation for Hyper-Parameter Selection in Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Circuits Applied to UAV Obstacle Avoidance
cs.NE
The Lobula Giant Movement Detector (LGMD) is a an identified neuron of the locust that detects looming objects and triggers its escape responses. Understanding the neural principles and networks that lead to these fast and robust responses can lead to the design of efficient facilitate obstacle avoidance strategies in ...
computer science
7,969
Maximum Likelihood Estimation based on Random Subspace EDA: Application to Extrasolar Planet Detection
stat.ME
This paper addresses maximum likelihood (ML) estimation based model fitting in the context of extrasolar planet detection. This problem is featured by the following properties: 1) the candidate models under consideration are highly nonlinear; 2) the likelihood surface has a huge number of peaks; 3) the parameter space ...
computer science
7,970
Making Neural Programming Architectures Generalize via Recursion
cs.LG
Empirically, neural networks that attempt to learn programs from data have exhibited poor generalizability. Moreover, it has traditionally been difficult to reason about the behavior of these models beyond a certain level of input complexity. In order to address these issues, we propose augmenting neural architectures ...
computer science
7,971
Predicting membrane protein contacts from non-membrane proteins by deep transfer learning
cs.LG
Computational prediction of membrane protein (MP) structures is very challenging partially due to lack of sufficient solved structures for homology modeling. Recently direct evolutionary coupling analysis (DCA) sheds some light on protein contact prediction and accordingly, contact-assisted folding, but DCA is effectiv...
computer science
7,972
Sparse Coding by Spiking Neural Networks: Convergence Theory and Computational Results
cs.LG
In a spiking neural network (SNN), individual neurons operate autonomously and only communicate with other neurons sparingly and asynchronously via spike signals. These characteristics render a massively parallel hardware implementation of SNN a potentially powerful computer, albeit a non von Neumann one. But can one g...
computer science
7,973
Limited-Memory Matrix Adaptation for Large Scale Black-box Optimization
cs.NE
The Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) is a popular method to deal with nonconvex and/or stochastic optimization problems when the gradient information is not available. Being based on the CMA-ES, the recently proposed Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (MA-ES) provides a rather surprising resul...
computer science
7,974
TernGrad: Ternary Gradients to Reduce Communication in Distributed Deep Learning
cs.LG
High network communication cost for synchronizing gradients and parameters is the well-known bottleneck of distributed training. In this work, we propose TernGrad that uses ternary gradients to accelerate distributed deep learning in data parallelism. Our approach requires only three numerical levels {-1,0,1}, which ca...
computer science
7,975
CATERPILLAR: Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Architecture for Accelerating the Training of Deep Neural Networks
cs.DC
Accelerating the inference of a trained DNN is a well studied subject. In this paper we switch the focus to the training of DNNs. The training phase is compute intensive, demands complicated data communication, and contains multiple levels of data dependencies and parallelism. This paper presents an algorithm/architect...
computer science
7,976
Dataflow Matrix Machines as a Model of Computations with Linear Streams
cs.NE
We overview dataflow matrix machines as a Turing complete generalization of recurrent neural networks and as a programming platform. We describe vector space of finite prefix trees with numerical leaves which allows us to combine expressive power of dataflow matrix machines with simplicity of traditional recurrent neur...
computer science
7,977
MobiRNN: Efficient Recurrent Neural Network Execution on Mobile GPU
cs.DC
In this paper, we explore optimizations to run Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models locally on mobile devices. RNN models are widely used for Natural Language Processing, Machine Translation, and other tasks. However, existing mobile applications that use RNN models do so on the cloud. To address privacy and efficienc...
computer science
7,978
DeepIoT: Compressing Deep Neural Network Structures for Sensing Systems with a Compressor-Critic Framework
cs.LG
Recent advances in deep learning motivate the use of deep neutral networks in sensing applications, but their excessive resource needs on constrained embedded devices remain an important impediment. A recently explored solution space lies in compressing (approximating or simplifying) deep neural networks in some manner...
computer science
7,979
Transfer entropy-based feedback improves performance in artificial neural networks
cs.LG
The structure of the majority of modern deep neural networks is characterized by uni- directional feed-forward connectivity across a very large number of layers. By contrast, the architecture of the cortex of vertebrates contains fewer hierarchical levels but many recurrent and feedback connections. Here we show that a...
computer science
7,980
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Deep Learning and Music
cs.NE
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Deep Learning and Music, joint with IJCNN, Anchorage, US, May 17-18, 2017
computer science
7,981
The Fog of War: A Machine Learning Approach to Forecasting Weather on Mars
cs.LG
For over a decade, scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have been recording measurements from the Martian surface as a part of the Mars Exploration Rovers mission. One quantity of interest has been the opacity of Mars's atmosphere for its importance in day-to-day estimations of the amount of power avail...
computer science
7,982
Transforming Musical Signals through a Genre Classifying Convolutional Neural Network
cs.SD
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied on both discriminative and generative modeling for music-related tasks. For a particular task, the trained CNN contains information representing the decision making or the abstracting process. One can hope to manipulate existing music based on this 'in...
computer science
7,983
Music Signal Processing Using Vector Product Neural Networks
cs.SD
We propose a novel neural network model for music signal processing using vector product neurons and dimensionality transformations. Here, the inputs are first mapped from real values into three-dimensional vectors then fed into a three-dimensional vector product neural network where the inputs, outputs, and weights ar...
computer science
7,984
Audio Spectrogram Representations for Processing with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.SD
One of the decisions that arise when designing a neural network for any application is how the data should be represented in order to be presented to, and possibly generated by, a neural network. For audio, the choice is less obvious than it seems to be for visual images, and a variety of representations have been used...
computer science
7,985
RIDDLE: Race and ethnicity Imputation from Disease history with Deep LEarning
cs.LG
Anonymized electronic medical records are an increasingly popular source of research data. However, these datasets often lack race and ethnicity information. This creates problems for researchers modeling human disease, as race and ethnicity are powerful confounders for many health exposures and treatment outcomes; rac...
computer science
7,986
Generic Black-Box End-to-End Attack Against State of the Art API Call Based Malware Classifiers
cs.CR
In this paper, we present a black-box attack against API call based machine learning malware classifiers, focusing on generating adversarial sequences combining API calls and static features (e.g., printable strings) that will be misclassified by the classifier without affecting the malware functionality. We show that ...
computer science
7,987
Learning to Singulate Objects using a Push Proposal Network
cs.RO
Learning to act in unstructured environments, such as cluttered piles of objects, poses a substantial challenge for manipulation robots. We present a novel neural network-based approach that separates unknown objects in clutter by selecting favourable push actions. Our network is trained from data collected through aut...
computer science
7,988
Dragon: A Computation Graph Virtual Machine Based Deep Learning Framework
cs.SE
Deep Learning has made a great progress for these years. However, it is still difficult to master the implement of various models because different researchers may release their code based on different frameworks or interfaces. In this paper, we proposed a computation graph based framework which only aims to introduce ...
computer science
7,989
SCNN: An Accelerator for Compressed-sparse Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.NE
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as a fundamental technology for machine learning. High performance and extreme energy efficiency are critical for deployments of CNNs in a wide range of situations, especially mobile platforms such as autonomous vehicles, cameras, and electronic personal assistants. Thi...
computer science
7,990
Self-adaptive node-based PCA encodings
cs.NE
In this paper we propose an algorithm, Simple Hebbian PCA, and prove that it is able to calculate the principal component analysis (PCA) in a distributed fashion across nodes. It simplifies existing network structures by removing intralayer weights, essentially cutting the number of weights that need to be trained in h...
computer science
7,991
Throughput Optimal Decentralized Scheduling of Multi-Hop Networks with End-to-End Deadline Constraints: II Wireless Networks with Interference
cs.NI
Consider a multihop wireless network serving multiple flows in which wireless link interference constraints are described by a link interference graph. For such a network, we design routing-scheduling policies that maximize the end-to-end timely throughput of the network. Timely throughput of a flow $f$ is defined as t...
computer science
7,992
Phylogenetic Convolutional Neural Networks in Metagenomics
cs.LG
Background: Convolutional Neural Networks can be effectively used only when data are endowed with an intrinsic concept of neighbourhood in the input space, as is the case of pixels in images. We introduce here Ph-CNN, a novel deep learning architecture for the classification of metagenomics data based on the Convolutio...
computer science
7,993
Spatial features of synaptic adaptation affecting learning performance
cs.LG
Recent studies have proposed that the diffusion of messenger molecules, such as monoamines, can mediate the plastic adaptation of synapses in supervised learning of neural networks. Based on these findings we developed a model for neural learning, where the signal for plastic adaptation is assumed to propagate through ...
computer science
7,994
Quantum Autoencoders via Quantum Adders with Genetic Algorithms
cs.LG
The quantum autoencoder is a recent paradigm in the field of quantum machine learning, which may enable an enhanced use of resources in quantum technologies. To this end, quantum neural networks with less nodes in the inner than in the outer layers were considered. Here, we propose a useful connection between approxima...
computer science
7,995
BreathRNNet: Breathing Based Authentication on Resource-Constrained IoT Devices using RNNs
cs.CR
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown promising results in audio and speech processing applications due to their strong capabilities in modelling sequential data. In many applications, RNNs tend to outperform conventional models based on GMM/UBMs and i-vectors. Increasing popularity of IoT devices makes a strong ...
computer science
7,996
Deep Learning applied to Road Traffic Speed forecasting
stat.AP
In this paper, we propose deep learning architectures (FNN, CNN and LSTM) to forecast a regression model for time dependent data. These algorithm's are designed to handle Floating Car Data (FCD) historic speeds to predict road traffic data. For this we aggregate the speeds into the network inputs in an innovative way. ...
computer science
7,997
ChainerMN: Scalable Distributed Deep Learning Framework
cs.DC
One of the keys for deep learning to have made a breakthrough in various fields was to utilize high computing powers centering around GPUs. Enabling the use of further computing abilities by distributed processing is essential not only to make the deep learning bigger and faster but also to tackle unsolved challenges. ...
computer science
7,998
Minimum Energy Quantized Neural Networks
cs.NE
This work targets the automated minimum-energy optimization of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) - networks using low precision weights and activations. These networks are trained from scratch at an arbitrary fixed point precision. At iso-accuracy, QNNs using fewer bits require deeper and wider network architectures tha...
computer science
7,999
Performance Evaluation of Channel Decoding With Deep Neural Networks
eess.SP
With the demand of high data rate and low latency in fifth generation (5G), deep neural network decoder (NND) has become a promising candidate due to its capability of one-shot decoding and parallel computing. In this paper, three types of NND, i.e., multi-layer perceptron (MLP), convolution neural network (CNN) and re...
computer science