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12,601
Representation Learning and Recovery in the ReLU Model
stat.ML
Rectified linear units, or ReLUs, have become the preferred activation function for artificial neural networks. In this paper we consider two basic learning problems assuming that the underlying data follow a generative model based on a ReLU-network -- a neural network with ReLU activations. As a primarily theoretical ...
computer science
12,602
Optimal Rates of Sketched-regularized Algorithms for Least-Squares Regression over Hilbert Spaces
stat.ML
We investigate regularized algorithms combining with projection for least-squares regression problem over a Hilbert space, covering nonparametric regression over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We prove convergence results with respect to variants of norms, under a capacity assumption on the hypothesis space and a ...
computer science
12,603
Bridge type classification: supervised learning on a modified NBI dataset
stat.ML
A key phase in the bridge design process is the selection of the structural system. Due to budget and time constraints, engineers typically rely on engineering judgment and prior experience when selecting a structural system, often considering a limited range of design alternatives. The objective of this study was to e...
computer science
12,604
Gradient Augmented Information Retrieval with Autoencoders and Semantic Hashing
cs.IR
This paper will explore the use of autoencoders for semantic hashing in the context of Information Retrieval. This paper will summarize how to efficiently train an autoencoder in order to create meaningful and low-dimensional encodings of data. This paper will demonstrate how computing and storing the closest encodings...
computer science
12,605
Automated software vulnerability detection with machine learning
cs.SE
Thousands of security vulnerabilities are discovered in production software each year, either reported publicly to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures database or discovered internally in proprietary code. Vulnerabilities often manifest themselves in subtle ways that are not obvious to code reviewers or the develo...
computer science
12,606
Compact Convolutional Neural Networks for Classification of Asynchronous Steady-state Visual Evoked Potentials
cs.LG
Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) are neural oscillations from the parietal and occipital regions of the brain that are evoked from flickering visual stimuli. SSVEPs are robust signals measurable in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and are commonly used in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, methods f...
computer science
12,607
Hybrid Forecasting of Chaotic Processes: Using Machine Learning in Conjunction with a Knowledge-Based Model
cs.LG
A model-based approach to forecasting chaotic dynamical systems utilizes knowledge of the physical processes governing the dynamics to build an approximate mathematical model of the system. In contrast, machine learning techniques have demonstrated promising results for forecasting chaotic systems purely from past time...
computer science
12,608
Low-Rank Boolean Matrix Approximation by Integer Programming
cs.LG
Low-rank approximations of data matrices are an important dimensionality reduction tool in machine learning and regression analysis. We consider the case of categorical variables, where it can be formulated as the problem of finding low-rank approximations to Boolean matrices. In this paper we give what is to the best ...
computer science
12,609
Multiplicative Updates for Elastic Net Regularized Convolutional NMF Under $β$-Divergence
cs.LG
We generalize the convolutional NMF by taking the $\beta$-divergence as the loss function, add a regularizer for sparsity in the form of an elastic net, and provide multiplicative update rules for its factors in closed form. The new update rules embed the $\beta$-NMF, the standard convolutional NMF, and sparse coding a...
computer science
12,610
Redundancy Techniques for Straggler Mitigation in Distributed Optimization and Learning
stat.ML
Performance of distributed optimization and learning systems is bottlenecked by "straggler" nodes and slow communication links, which significantly delay computation. We propose a distributed optimization framework where the dataset is "encoded" to have an over-complete representation with built-in redundancy, and the ...
computer science
12,611
A Hierarchical Latent Vector Model for Learning Long-Term Structure in Music
cs.LG
The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) has proven to be an effective model for producing semantically meaningful latent representations for natural data. However, it has thus far seen limited application to sequential data, and, as we demonstrate, existing recurrent VAE models have difficulty modeling sequences with long-te...
computer science
12,612
Minimal I-MAP MCMC for Scalable Structure Discovery in Causal DAG Models
stat.CO
Learning a Bayesian network (BN) from data can be useful for decision-making or discovering causal relationships. However, traditional methods often fail in modern applications, which exhibit a larger number of observed variables than data points. The resulting uncertainty about the underlying network as well as the de...
computer science
12,613
On the insufficiency of existing momentum schemes for Stochastic Optimization
cs.LG
Momentum based stochastic gradient methods such as heavy ball (HB) and Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent (NAG) method are widely used in practice for training deep networks and other supervised learning models, as they often provide significant improvements over stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Rigorously speak...
computer science
12,614
Gaussian Processes Over Graphs
stat.ML
We propose Gaussian processes for signals over graphs (GPG) using the apriori knowledge that the target vectors lie over a graph. We incorporate this information using a graph- Laplacian based regularization which enforces the target vectors to have a specific profile in terms of graph Fourier transform coeffcients, fo...
computer science
12,615
EEG machine learning with Higuchi fractal dimension and Sample Entropy as features for successful detection of depression
stat.ML
Reliable diagnosis of depressive disorder is essential for both optimal treatment and prevention of fatal outcomes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of two non-linear measures, Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), in detecting depressive disorders when applied on EEG. HFD a...
computer science
12,616
Escaping Saddles with Stochastic Gradients
cs.LG
We analyze the variance of stochastic gradients along negative curvature directions in certain non-convex machine learning models and show that stochastic gradients exhibit a strong component along these directions. Furthermore, we show that - contrary to the case of isotropic noise - this variance is proportional to t...
computer science
12,617
Impacts of Dirty Data: and Experimental Evaluation
cs.DB
Data quality issues have attracted widespread attention due to the negative impacts of dirty data on data mining and machine learning results. The relationship between data quality and the accuracy of results could be applied on the selection of the appropriate algorithm with the consideration of data quality and the d...
computer science
12,618
Decentralization Meets Quantization
cs.LG
Optimizing distributed learning systems is an art of balancing between computation and communication. There have been two lines of research that try to deal with slower networks: {\em quantization} for low bandwidth networks, and {\em decentralization} for high latency networks. In this paper, we explore a natural ques...
computer science
12,619
Note: Variational Encoding of Protein Dynamics Benefits from Maximizing Latent Autocorrelation
cs.LG
As deep Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) frameworks become more widely used for modeling biomolecular simulation data, we emphasize the capability of the VAE architecture to concurrently maximize the timescale of the latent space while inferring a reduced coordinate, which assists in finding slow processes as according t...
computer science
12,620
Learning Mixtures of Product Distributions via Higher Multilinear Moments
cs.LG
Learning mixtures of $k$ binary product distributions is a central problem in computational learning theory, but one where there are wide gaps between the best known algorithms and lower bounds (even for restricted families of algorithms). We narrow many of these gaps by developing novel insights about how to reason ab...
computer science
12,621
Multi-device, Multi-tenant Model Selection with GP-EI
cs.LG
Bayesian optimization is the core technique behind the emergence of AutoML, which holds the promise of automatically searching for models and hyperparameters to make machine learning techniques more accessible. As such services are moving towards the cloud, we ask -- {\em When multiple AutoML users share the same compu...
computer science
12,622
Comparing Dynamics: Deep Neural Networks versus Glassy Systems
stat.ML
We analyze numerically the training dynamics of deep neural networks (DNN) by using methods developed in statistical physics of glassy systems. The two main issues we address are the complexity of the loss-landscape and of the dynamics within it, and to what extent DNNs share similarities with glassy systems. Our findi...
computer science
12,623
What Doubling Tricks Can and Can't Do for Multi-Armed Bandits
stat.ML
An online reinforcement learning algorithm is anytime if it does not need to know in advance the horizon T of the experiment. A well-known technique to obtain an anytime algorithm from any non-anytime algorithm is the "Doubling Trick". In the context of adversarial or stochastic multi-armed bandits, the performance of ...
computer science
12,624
D$^2$: Decentralized Training over Decentralized Data
cs.DC
While training a machine learning model using multiple workers, each of which collects data from their own data sources, it would be most useful when the data collected from different workers can be {\em unique} and {\em different}. Ironically, recent analysis of decentralized parallel stochastic gradient descent (D-PS...
computer science
12,625
Training Recurrent Neural Networks as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem
cs.LG
This paper presents a new approach for training artificial neural networks using techniques for solving the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). The quotient gradient system (QGS) is a trajectory based method for solving the CSP. This study converts the training set of a neural network into a CSP and uses the QGS to ...
computer science
12,626
Sparse Reduced Rank Regression With Nonconvex Regularization
stat.ML
In this paper, the estimation problem for sparse reduced rank regression (SRRR) model is considered. The SRRR model is widely used for dimension reduction and variable selection with applications in signal processing, econometrics, etc. The problem is formulated to minimize the least squares loss with a sparsity-induci...
computer science
12,627
Risk and parameter convergence of logistic regression
cs.LG
The logistic loss is strictly convex and does not attain its infimum; consequently the solutions of logistic regression are in general off at infinity. This work provides a convergence analysis of gradient descent applied to logistic regression under no assumptions on the problem instance. Firstly, the risk is shown to...
computer science
12,628
Frank-Wolfe with Subsampling Oracle
math.OC
We analyze two novel randomized variants of the Frank-Wolfe (FW) or conditional gradient algorithm. While classical FW algorithms require solving a linear minimization problem over the domain at each iteration, the proposed method only requires to solve a linear minimization problem over a small \emph{subset} of the or...
computer science
12,629
DeepGauge: Comprehensive and Multi-Granularity Testing Criteria for Gauging the Robustness of Deep Learning Systems
cs.SE
Deep learning defines a new data-driven programming paradigm that constructs the internal system logic of a crafted neuron network through a set of training data. Deep learning (DL) has been widely adopted in many safety-critical scenarios. However, a plethora of studies have shown that the state-of-the-art DL systems ...
computer science
12,630
Online Learning: Sufficient Statistics and the Burkholder Method
cs.LG
We uncover a fairly general principle in online learning: If regret can be (approximately) expressed as a function of certain "sufficient statistics" for the data sequence, then there exists a special Burkholder function that 1) can be used algorithmically to achieve the regret bound and 2) only depends on these suffic...
computer science
12,631
Efficient Structure Learning and Sampling of Bayesian Networks
stat.ML
Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models widely employed to understand dependencies in high dimensional data, and even to facilitate causal discovery. Learning the underlying network structure, which is encoded as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is highly challenging mainly due to the vast number of possible...
computer science
12,632
Resilient Monotone Sequential Maximization
stat.ML
Applications in machine learning, optimization, and control require the sequential selection of a few system elements, such as sensors, data, or actuators, to optimize the system performance across multiple time steps. However, in failure-prone and adversarial environments, sensors get attacked, data get deleted, and a...
computer science
12,633
Stochastic Learning under Random Reshuffling
cs.LG
In empirical risk optimization, it has been observed that stochastic gradient implementations that rely on random reshuffling of the data achieve better performance than implementations that rely on sampling the data uniformly. Recent works have pursued justifications for this behavior by examining the convergence rate...
computer science
12,634
A Survey on Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Optical Networks
cs.NI
Today, the amount of data that can be retrieved from communications networks is extremely high and diverse (e.g., data regarding users behavior, traffic traces, network alarms, signal quality indicators, etc.). Advanced mathematical tools are required to extract useful information from this large set of network data. I...
computer science
12,635
Boosting Random Forests to Reduce Bias; One-Step Boosted Forest and its Variance Estimate
stat.ML
In this paper we propose using the principle of boosting to reduce the bias of a random forest prediction in the regression setting. From the original random forest fit we extract the residuals and then fit another random forest to these residuals. We call the sum of these two random forests a \textit{one-step boosted ...
computer science
12,636
Error Estimation for Randomized Least-Squares Algorithms via the Bootstrap
stat.ML
Over the course of the past decade, a variety of randomized algorithms have been proposed for computing approximate least-squares (LS) solutions in large-scale settings. A longstanding practical issue is that, for any given input, the user rarely knows the actual error of an approximate solution (relative to the exact ...
computer science
12,637
Learning the Localization Function: Machine Learning Approach to Fingerprinting Localization
cs.NI
Considered as a data-driven approach, Fingerprinting Localization Solutions (FPSs) enjoy huge popularity due to their good performance and minimal environment information requirement. This papers addresses applications of artificial intelligence to solve two problems in Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based F...
computer science
12,638
Boosted Density Estimation Remastered
cs.LG
There has recently been a steadily increase in the iterative approaches to boosted density estimation and sampling, usually proceeding by adding candidate "iterate" densities to a model that gets more accurate with iterations. The relative accompanying burst of formal convergence results has not yet changed a striking ...
computer science
12,639
Enforcing constraints for interpolation and extrapolation in Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are becoming popular choices for unsupervised learning. At the same time there is a concerted effort in the machine learning community to expand the range of tasks in which learning can be applied as well as to utilize methods from other disciplines to accelerate learning. With th...
computer science
12,640
Contextual Normalization Applied to Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Diagnosis
cs.LG
Diagnosing faults in aircraft gas turbine engines is a complex problem. It involves several tasks, including rapid and accurate interpretation of patterns in engine sensor data. We have investigated contextual normalization for the development of a software tool to help engine repair technicians with interpretation of ...
computer science
12,641
Data Engineering for the Analysis of Semiconductor Manufacturing Data
cs.LG
We have analyzed manufacturing data from several different semiconductor manufacturing plants, using decision tree induction software called Q-YIELD. The software generates rules for predicting when a given product should be rejected. The rules are intended to help the process engineers improve the yield of the product...
computer science
12,642
Semi-Supervised Learning -- A Statistical Physics Approach
cs.LG
We present a novel approach to semi-supervised learning which is based on statistical physics. Most of the former work in the field of semi-supervised learning classifies the points by minimizing a certain energy function, which corresponds to a minimal k-way cut solution. In contrast to these methods, we estimate the ...
computer science
12,643
Feature Level Clustering of Large Biometric Database
cs.CV
This paper proposes an efficient technique for partitioning large biometric database during identification. In this technique feature vector which comprises of global and local descriptors extracted from offline signature are used by fuzzy clustering technique to partition the database. As biometric features posses no ...
computer science
12,644
Segmentation of Natural Images by Texture and Boundary Compression
cs.CV
We present a novel algorithm for segmentation of natural images that harnesses the principle of minimum description length (MDL). Our method is based on observations that a homogeneously textured region of a natural image can be well modeled by a Gaussian distribution and the region boundary can be effectively coded by...
computer science
12,645
Robust Low-Rank Subspace Segmentation with Semidefinite Guarantees
cs.CV
Recently there is a line of research work proposing to employ Spectral Clustering (SC) to segment (group){Throughout the paper, we use segmentation, clustering, and grouping, and their verb forms, interchangeably.} high-dimensional structural data such as those (approximately) lying on subspaces {We follow {liu2010robu...
computer science
12,646
A Hajj And Umrah Location Classification System For Video Crowded Scenes
cs.CV
In this paper, a new automatic system for classifying ritual locations in diverse Hajj and Umrah video scenes is investigated. This challenging subject has mostly been ignored in the past due to several problems one of which is the lack of realistic annotated video datasets. HUER Dataset is defined to model six differe...
computer science
12,647
Robust Text Detection in Natural Scene Images
cs.CV
Text detection in natural scene images is an important prerequisite for many content-based image analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust method for detecting texts in natural scene images. A fast and effective pruning algorithm is designed to extract Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) as...
computer science
12,648
Factorized Topic Models
cs.LG
In this paper we present a modification to a latent topic model, which makes the model exploit supervision to produce a factorized representation of the observed data. The structured parameterization separately encodes variance that is shared between classes from variance that is private to each class by the introducti...
computer science
12,649
Deep Learning for Detecting Robotic Grasps
cs.LG
We consider the problem of detecting robotic grasps in an RGB-D view of a scene containing objects. In this work, we apply a deep learning approach to solve this problem, which avoids time-consuming hand-design of features. This presents two main challenges. First, we need to evaluate a huge number of candidate grasps....
computer science
12,650
Guarantees of Total Variation Minimization for Signal Recovery
cs.IT
In this paper, we consider using total variation minimization to recover signals whose gradients have a sparse support, from a small number of measurements. We establish the proof for the performance guarantee of total variation (TV) minimization in recovering \emph{one-dimensional} signal with sparse gradient support....
computer science
12,651
Translation-Invariant Shrinkage/Thresholding of Group Sparse Signals
cs.CV
This paper addresses signal denoising when large-amplitude coefficients form clusters (groups). The L1-norm and other separable sparsity models do not capture the tendency of coefficients to cluster (group sparsity). This work develops an algorithm, called 'overlapping group shrinkage' (OGS), based on the minimization ...
computer science
12,652
Image Retrieval using Histogram Factorization and Contextual Similarity Learning
cs.CV
Image retrieval has been a top topic in the field of both computer vision and machine learning for a long time. Content based image retrieval, which tries to retrieve images from a database visually similar to a query image, has attracted much attention. Two most important issues of image retrieval are the representati...
computer science
12,653
A new Bayesian ensemble of trees classifier for identifying multi-class labels in satellite images
stat.ME
Classification of satellite images is a key component of many remote sensing applications. One of the most important products of a raw satellite image is the classified map which labels the image pixels into meaningful classes. Though several parametric and non-parametric classifiers have been developed thus far, accur...
computer science
12,654
Combinaison d'information visuelle, conceptuelle, et contextuelle pour la construction automatique de hierarchies semantiques adaptees a l'annotation d'images
cs.CV
This paper proposes a new methodology to automatically build semantic hierarchies suitable for image annotation and classification. The building of the hierarchy is based on a new measure of semantic similarity. The proposed measure incorporates several sources of information: visual, conceptual and contextual as we de...
computer science
12,655
An implementation of the relational k-means algorithm
cs.LG
A C# implementation of a generalized k-means variant called relational k-means is described here. Relational k-means is a generalization of the well-known k-means clustering method which works for non-Euclidean scenarios as well. The input is an arbitrary distance matrix, as opposed to the traditional k-means method, w...
computer science
12,656
A branch-and-bound feature selection algorithm for U-shaped cost functions
cs.CV
This paper presents the formulation of a combinatorial optimization problem with the following characteristics: i.the search space is the power set of a finite set structured as a Boolean lattice; ii.the cost function forms a U-shaped curve when applied to any lattice chain. This formulation applies for feature selecti...
computer science
12,657
Multi Layer Analysis
cs.CV
This thesis presents a new methodology to analyze one-dimensional signals trough a new approach called Multi Layer Analysis, for short MLA. It also provides some new insights on the relationship between one-dimensional signals processed by MLA and tree kernels, test of randomness and signal processing techniques. The M...
computer science
12,658
A Novel Clustering Algorithm Based Upon Games on Evolving Network
cs.LG
This paper introduces a model based upon games on an evolving network, and develops three clustering algorithms according to it. In the clustering algorithms, data points for clustering are regarded as players who can make decisions in games. On the network describing relationships among data points, an edge-removing-a...
computer science
12,659
Metric and Kernel Learning using a Linear Transformation
cs.LG
Metric and kernel learning are important in several machine learning applications. However, most existing metric learning algorithms are limited to learning metrics over low-dimensional data, while existing kernel learning algorithms are often limited to the transductive setting and do not generalize to new data points...
computer science
12,660
Comparing Distributions and Shapes using the Kernel Distance
cs.CG
Starting with a similarity function between objects, it is possible to define a distance metric on pairs of objects, and more generally on probability distributions over them. These distance metrics have a deep basis in functional analysis, measure theory and geometric measure theory, and have a rich structure that inc...
computer science
12,661
Robust Recovery of Subspace Structures by Low-Rank Representation
cs.IT
In this work we address the subspace recovery problem. Given a set of data samples (vectors) approximately drawn from a union of multiple subspaces, our goal is to segment the samples into their respective subspaces and correct the possible errors as well. To this end, we propose a novel method termed Low-Rank Represen...
computer science
12,662
Hypothesize and Bound: A Computational Focus of Attention Mechanism for Simultaneous N-D Segmentation, Pose Estimation and Classification Using Shape Priors
cs.CV
Given the ever increasing bandwidth of the visual information available to many intelligent systems, it is becoming essential to endow them with a sense of what is worthwhile their attention and what can be safely disregarded. This article presents a general mathematical framework to efficiently allocate the available ...
computer science
12,663
Intent Inference and Syntactic Tracking with GMTI Measurements
stat.ME
In conventional target tracking systems, human operators use the estimated target tracks to make higher level inference of the target behaviour/intent. This paper develops syntactic filtering algorithms that assist human operators by extracting spatial patterns from target tracks to identify suspicious/anomalous spatia...
computer science
12,664
Epitome for Automatic Image Colorization
cs.CV
Image colorization adds color to grayscale images. It not only increases the visual appeal of grayscale images, but also enriches the information contained in scientific images that lack color information. Most existing methods of colorization require laborious user interaction for scribbles or image segmentation. To e...
computer science
12,665
Optimal Computational Trade-Off of Inexact Proximal Methods
cs.LG
In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between convergence rate and computational cost when minimizing a composite functional with proximal-gradient methods, which are popular optimisation tools in machine learning. We consider the case when the proximity operator is computed via an iterative procedure, which prov...
computer science
12,666
MLPACK: A Scalable C++ Machine Learning Library
cs.MS
MLPACK is a state-of-the-art, scalable, multi-platform C++ machine learning library released in late 2011 offering both a simple, consistent API accessible to novice users and high performance and flexibility to expert users by leveraging modern features of C++. MLPACK provides cutting-edge algorithms whose benchmarks ...
computer science
12,667
Identification of Orchid Species Using Content-Based Flower Image Retrieval
cs.CV
In this paper, we developed the system for recognizing the orchid species by using the images of flower. We used MSRM (Maximal Similarity based on Region Merging) method for segmenting the flower object from the background and extracting the shape feature such as the distance from the edge to the centroid point of the ...
computer science
12,668
Playing with Duality: An Overview of Recent Primal-Dual Approaches for Solving Large-Scale Optimization Problems
cs.NA
Optimization methods are at the core of many problems in signal/image processing, computer vision, and machine learning. For a long time, it has been recognized that looking at the dual of an optimization problem may drastically simplify its solution. Deriving efficient strategies which jointly brings into play the pri...
computer science
12,669
Support vector machine classification of dimensionally reduced structural MRI images for dementia
cs.CV
We classify very-mild to moderate dementia in patients (CDR ranging from 0 to 2) using a support vector machine classifier acting on dimensionally reduced feature set derived from MRI brain scans of the 416 subjects available in the OASIS-Brains dataset. We use image segmentation and principal component analysis to red...
computer science
12,670
A survey on sensing methods and feature extraction algorithms for SLAM problem
cs.RO
This paper is a survey work for a bigger project for designing a Visual SLAM robot to generate 3D dense map of an unknown unstructured environment. A lot of factors have to be considered while designing a SLAM robot. Sensing method of the SLAM robot should be determined by considering the kind of environment to be mode...
computer science
12,671
The Cyborg Astrobiologist: Matching of Prior Textures by Image Compression for Geological Mapping and Novelty Detection
cs.CV
(abridged) We describe an image-comparison technique of Heidemann and Ritter that uses image compression, and is capable of: (i) detecting novel textures in a series of images, as well as of: (ii) alerting the user to the similarity of a new image to a previously-observed texture. This image-comparison technique has be...
computer science
12,672
Exploration and Exploitation in Visuomotor Prediction of Autonomous Agents
cs.LG
This paper discusses various techniques to let an agent learn how to predict the effects of its own actions on its sensor data autonomously, and their usefulness to apply them to visual sensors. An Extreme Learning Machine is used for visuomotor prediction, while various autonomous control techniques that can aid the p...
computer science
12,673
Large-scale Classification of Fine-Art Paintings: Learning The Right Metric on The Right Feature
cs.CV
In the past few years, the number of fine-art collections that are digitized and publicly available has been growing rapidly. With the availability of such large collections of digitized artworks comes the need to develop multimedia systems to archive and retrieve this pool of data. Measuring the visual similarity betw...
computer science
12,674
Using Ensemble Models in the Histological Examination of Tissue Abnormalities
cs.CV
Classification models for the automatic detection of abnormalities on histological samples do exists, with an active debate on the cost associated with false negative diagnosis (underdiagnosis) and false positive diagnosis (overdiagnosis). Current models tend to underdiagnose, failing to recognize a potentially fatal d...
computer science
12,675
Affine and Regional Dynamic Time Warpng
cs.CV
Pointwise matches between two time series are of great importance in time series analysis, and dynamic time warping (DTW) is known to provide generally reasonable matches. There are situations where time series alignment should be invariant to scaling and offset in amplitude or where local regions of the considered tim...
computer science
12,676
Training a Convolutional Neural Network for Appearance-Invariant Place Recognition
cs.CV
Place recognition is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision, and has become a key part in mobile robotics and autonomous driving applications for performing loop closure in visual SLAM systems. Moreover, the difficulty of recognizing a revisited location increases with appearance changes caused, for in...
computer science
12,677
One-class classifiers based on entropic spanning graphs
cs.LG
One-class classifiers offer valuable tools to assess the presence of outliers in data. In this paper, we propose a design methodology for one-class classifiers based on entropic spanning graphs. Our approach takes into account the possibility to process also non-numeric data by means of an embedding procedure. The span...
computer science
12,678
Poisson noise reduction with non-local PCA
cs.CV
Photon-limited imaging arises when the number of photons collected by a sensor array is small relative to the number of detector elements. Photon limitations are an important concern for many applications such as spectral imaging, night vision, nuclear medicine, and astronomy. Typically a Poisson distribution is used t...
computer science
12,679
Dimension Reduction by Mutual Information Discriminant Analysis
cs.CV
In the past few decades, researchers have proposed many discriminant analysis (DA) algorithms for the study of high-dimensional data in a variety of problems. Most DA algorithms for feature extraction are based on transformations that simultaneously maximize the between-class scatter and minimize the withinclass scatte...
computer science
12,680
A Self-Supervised Terrain Roughness Estimator for Off-Road Autonomous Driving
cs.CV
We present a machine learning approach for estimating the second derivative of a drivable surface, its roughness. Robot perception generally focuses on the first derivative, obstacle detection. However, the second derivative is also important due to its direct relation (with speed) to the shock the vehicle experiences....
computer science
12,681
A Multi-View Embedding Space for Modeling Internet Images, Tags, and their Semantics
cs.CV
This paper investigates the problem of modeling Internet images and associated text or tags for tasks such as image-to-image search, tag-to-image search, and image-to-tag search (image annotation). We start with canonical correlation analysis (CCA), a popular and successful approach for mapping visual and textual featu...
computer science
12,682
An ANN-based Method for Detecting Vocal Fold Pathology
cs.LG
There are different algorithms for vocal fold pathology diagnosis. These algorithms usually have three stages which are Feature Extraction, Feature Reduction and Classification. While the third stage implies a choice of a variety of machine learning methods, the first and second stages play a critical role in performan...
computer science
12,683
Classification Tree Diagrams in Health Informatics Applications
cs.IR
Health informatics deal with the methods used to optimize the acquisition, storage and retrieval of medical data, and classify information in healthcare applications. Healthcare analysts are particularly interested in various computer informatics areas such as; knowledge representation from data, anomaly detection, out...
computer science
12,684
Scalable Kernel Clustering: Approximate Kernel k-means
cs.CV
Kernel-based clustering algorithms have the ability to capture the non-linear structure in real world data. Among various kernel-based clustering algorithms, kernel k-means has gained popularity due to its simple iterative nature and ease of implementation. However, its run-time complexity and memory footprint increase...
computer science
12,685
Multi-view Metric Learning for Multi-view Video Summarization
cs.CV
Traditional methods on video summarization are designed to generate summaries for single-view video records; and thus they cannot fully exploit the redundancy in multi-view video records. In this paper, we present a multi-view metric learning framework for multi-view video summarization that combines the advantages of ...
computer science
12,686
Robust Temporally Coherent Laplacian Protrusion Segmentation of 3D Articulated Bodies
cs.CV
In motion analysis and understanding it is important to be able to fit a suitable model or structure to the temporal series of observed data, in order to describe motion patterns in a compact way, and to discriminate between them. In an unsupervised context, i.e., no prior model of the moving object(s) is available, su...
computer science
12,687
Convergence of gradient based pre-training in Denoising autoencoders
cs.LG
The success of deep architectures is at least in part attributed to the layer-by-layer unsupervised pre-training that initializes the network. Various papers have reported extensive empirical analysis focusing on the design and implementation of good pre-training procedures. However, an understanding pertaining to the ...
computer science
12,688
Matrix Product State for Feature Extraction of Higher-Order Tensors
cs.CV
This paper introduces matrix product state (MPS) decomposition as a computational tool for extracting features of multidimensional data represented by higher-order tensors. Regardless of tensor order, MPS extracts its relevant features to the so-called core tensor of maximum order three which can be used for classifica...
computer science
12,689
Separable and non-separable data representation for pattern discrimination
cs.CV
We provide a complete work-flow, based on the language of quantum information theory, suitable for processing data for the purpose of pattern recognition. The main advantage of the introduced scheme is that it can be easily implemented and applied to process real-world data using modest computation resources. At the sa...
computer science
12,690
A Theoretical Framework for Robustness of (Deep) Classifiers against Adversarial Examples
cs.LG
Most machine learning classifiers, including deep neural networks, are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Such inputs are typically generated by adding small but purposeful modifications that lead to incorrect outputs while imperceptible to human eyes. The goal of this paper is not to introduce a single method, but to...
computer science
12,691
Perspective Transformer Nets: Learning Single-View 3D Object Reconstruction without 3D Supervision
cs.CV
Understanding the 3D world is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, learning a good representation of 3D objects is still an open problem due to the high dimensionality of the data and many factors of variation involved. In this work, we investigate the task of single-view 3D object reconstruction from a l...
computer science
12,692
A series of maximum entropy upper bounds of the differential entropy
cs.IT
We present a series of closed-form maximum entropy upper bounds for the differential entropy of a continuous univariate random variable and study the properties of that series. We then show how to use those generic bounds for upper bounding the differential entropy of Gaussian mixture models. This requires to calculate...
computer science
12,693
Fast Patch-based Style Transfer of Arbitrary Style
cs.CV
Artistic style transfer is an image synthesis problem where the content of an image is reproduced with the style of another. Recent works show that a visually appealing style transfer can be achieved by using the hidden activations of a pretrained convolutional neural network. However, existing methods either apply (i)...
computer science
12,694
FINN: A Framework for Fast, Scalable Binarized Neural Network Inference
cs.CV
Research has shown that convolutional neural networks contain significant redundancy, and high classification accuracy can be obtained even when weights and activations are reduced from floating point to binary values. In this paper, we present FINN, a framework for building fast and flexible FPGA accelerators using a ...
computer science
12,695
A Unified Algorithmic Framework for Multi-Dimensional Scaling
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a unified algorithmic framework for solving many known variants of \mds. Our algorithm is a simple iterative scheme with guaranteed convergence, and is \emph{modular}; by changing the internals of a single subroutine in the algorithm, we can switch cost functions and target spaces easily. In a...
computer science
12,696
Handwritten digit recognition by bio-inspired hierarchical networks
cs.LG
The human brain processes information showing learning and prediction abilities but the underlying neuronal mechanisms still remain unknown. Recently, many studies prove that neuronal networks are able of both generalizations and associations of sensory inputs. In this paper, following a set of neurophysiological evide...
computer science
12,697
Learning Monocular Reactive UAV Control in Cluttered Natural Environments
cs.RO
Autonomous navigation for large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is fairly straight-forward, as expensive sensors and monitoring devices can be employed. In contrast, obstacle avoidance remains a challenging task for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) which operate at low altitude in cluttered environments. Unlike large vehic...
computer science
12,698
TOP-SPIN: TOPic discovery via Sparse Principal component INterference
cs.CV
We propose a novel topic discovery algorithm for unlabeled images based on the bag-of-words (BoW) framework. We first extract a dictionary of visual words and subsequently for each image compute a visual word occurrence histogram. We view these histograms as rows of a large matrix from which we extract sparse principal...
computer science
12,699
Fast Training of Effective Multi-class Boosting Using Coordinate Descent Optimization
cs.CV
Wepresentanovelcolumngenerationbasedboostingmethod for multi-class classification. Our multi-class boosting is formulated in a single optimization problem as in Shen and Hao (2011). Different from most existing multi-class boosting methods, which use the same set of weak learners for all the classes, we train class spe...
computer science
12,700
The Power of Asymmetry in Binary Hashing
cs.LG
When approximating binary similarity using the hamming distance between short binary hashes, we show that even if the similarity is symmetric, we can have shorter and more accurate hashes by using two distinct code maps. I.e. by approximating the similarity between $x$ and $x'$ as the hamming distance between $f(x)$ an...
computer science