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12,401
Brain EEG Time Series Selection: A Novel Graph-Based Approach for Classification
cs.LG
Brain Electroencephalography (EEG) classification is widely applied to analyze cerebral diseases in recent years. Unfortunately, invalid/noisy EEGs degrade the diagnosis performance and most previously developed methods ignore the necessity of EEG selection for classification. To this end, this paper proposes a novel m...
computer science
12,402
Towards Imperceptible and Robust Adversarial Example Attacks against Neural Networks
cs.LG
Machine learning systems based on deep neural networks, being able to produce state-of-the-art results on various perception tasks, have gained mainstream adoption in many applications. However, they are shown to be vulnerable to adversarial example attack, which generates malicious output by adding slight perturbation...
computer science
12,403
Sparsity-based Defense against Adversarial Attacks on Linear Classifiers
stat.ML
Deep neural networks represent the state of the art in machine learning in a growing number of fields, including vision, speech and natural language processing. However, recent work raises important questions about the robustness of such architectures, by showing that it is possible to induce classification errors thro...
computer science
12,404
Improving Orbit Prediction Accuracy through Supervised Machine Learning
cs.CE
Due to the lack of information such as the space environment condition and resident space objects' (RSOs') body characteristics, current orbit predictions that are solely grounded on physics-based models may fail to achieve required accuracy for collision avoidance and have led to satellite collisions already. This pap...
computer science
12,405
On the Complexity of the Weighted Fused Lasso
cs.LG
The solution path of the 1D fused lasso for an $n$-dimensional input is piecewise linear with $\mathcal{O}(n)$ segments (Hoefling et al. 2010 and Tibshirani et al 2011). However, existing proofs of this bound do not hold for the weighted fused lasso. At the same time, results for the generalized lasso, of which the wei...
computer science
12,406
Multi-Label Learning from Medical Plain Text with Convolutional Residual Models
stat.ML
Predicting diagnoses from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is an important medical application of multi-label learning. We propose a convolutional residual model for multi-label classification from doctor notes in EHR data. A given patient may have multiple diagnoses, and therefore multi-label learning is required. We ...
computer science
12,407
MORF: A Framework for MOOC Predictive Modeling and Replication At Scale
cs.SE
The MOOC Replication Framework (MORF) is a novel software system for feature extraction, model training/testing, and evaluation of predictive dropout models in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). MORF makes large-scale replication of complex machine-learned models tractable and accessible for researchers, and enables ...
computer science
12,408
On the Direction of Discrimination: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Disparate Impact in Machine Learning
cs.IT
In the context of machine learning, disparate impact refers to a form of systematic discrimination whereby the output distribution of a model depends on the value of a sensitive attribute (e.g., race or gender). In this paper, we present an information-theoretic framework to analyze the disparate impact of a binary cla...
computer science
12,409
Combinatorial Preconditioners for Proximal Algorithms on Graphs
math.OC
We present a novel preconditioning technique for proximal optimization methods that relies on graph algorithms to construct effective preconditioners. Such combinatorial preconditioners arise from partitioning the graph into forests. We prove that certain decompositions lead to a theoretically optimal condition number....
computer science
12,410
Automatic Classification of Music Genre using Masked Conditional Neural Networks
cs.SD
Neural network based architectures used for sound recognition are usually adapted from other application domains such as image recognition, which may not harness the time-frequency representation of a signal. The ConditionaL Neural Networks (CLNN) and its extension the Masked ConditionaL Neural Networks (MCLNN) are des...
computer science
12,411
Network Representation Learning: A Survey
cs.SI
With the widespread use of information technologies, information networks have increasingly become popular to capture complex relationships across various disciplines, such as social networks, citation networks, telecommunication networks, and biological networks. Analyzing these networks sheds light on different aspec...
computer science
12,412
Active Community Detection: A Maximum Likelihood Approach
cs.SI
We propose novel semi-supervised and active learning algorithms for the problem of community detection on networks. The algorithms are based on optimizing the likelihood function of the community assignments given a graph and an estimate of the statistical model that generated it. The optimization framework is inspired...
computer science
12,413
Deep Learning: An Introduction for Applied Mathematicians
math.HO
Multilayered artificial neural networks are becoming a pervasive tool in a host of application fields. At the heart of this deep learning revolution are familiar concepts from applied and computational mathematics; notably, in calculus, approximation theory, optimization and linear algebra. This article provides a very...
computer science
12,414
When Does Stochastic Gradient Algorithm Work Well?
stat.ML
In this paper, we consider a general stochastic optimization problem which is often at the core of supervised learning, such as deep learning and linear classification. We consider a standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method with a fixed, large step size and propose a novel assumption on the objective function,...
computer science
12,415
Introducing ReQuEST: an Open Platform for Reproducible and Quality-Efficient Systems-ML Tournaments
stat.ML
Co-designing efficient machine learning based systems across the whole hardware/software stack to trade off speed, accuracy, energy and costs is becoming extremely complex and time consuming. Researchers often struggle to evaluate and compare different published works across rapidly evolving software frameworks, hetero...
computer science
12,416
Deep Hidden Physics Models: Deep Learning of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
stat.ML
A long-standing problem at the interface of artificial intelligence and applied mathematics is to devise an algorithm capable of achieving human level or even superhuman proficiency in transforming observed data into predictive mathematical models of the physical world. In the current era of abundance of data and advan...
computer science
12,417
Optimal Rates for Spectral-regularized Algorithms with Least-Squares Regression over Hilbert Spaces
stat.ML
In this paper, we study regression problems over a separable Hilbert space with the square loss, covering non-parametric regression over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We investigate a class of spectral-regularized algorithms, including ridge regression, principal component analysis, and gradient methods. We prove...
computer science
12,418
Time series kernel similarities for predicting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation from ECGs
cs.LG
We tackle the problem of classifying Electrocardiography (ECG) signals with the aim of predicting the onset of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF). Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia, but in many cases PAF episodes are asymptomatic. Therefore, in order to help diagnosing PAF, it is important to ...
computer science
12,419
Scale-invariant Feature Extraction of Neural Network and Renormalization Group Flow
cs.LG
Theoretical understanding of how deep neural network (DNN) extracts features from input images is still unclear, but it is widely believed that the extraction is performed hierarchically through a process of coarse-graining. It reminds us of the basic concept of renormalization group (RG) in statistical physics. In ord...
computer science
12,420
Algorithmic Bio-surveillance For Precise Spatio-temporal Prediction of Zoonotic Emergence
cs.LG
Viral zoonoses have emerged as the key drivers of recent pandemics. Human infection by zoonotic viruses are either spillover events -- isolated infections that fail to cause a widespread contagion -- or species jumps, where successful adaptation to the new host leads to a pandemic. Despite expensive bio-surveillance ef...
computer science
12,421
Incremental Eigenpair Computation for Graph Laplacian Matrices: Theory and Applications
cs.LG
The smallest eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors (i.e., eigenpairs) of a graph Laplacian matrix have been widely used in spectral clustering and community detection. However, in real-life applications the number of clusters or communities (say, $K$) is generally unknown a-priori. Consequently, the majority of t...
computer science
12,422
Data-Driven Impulse Response Regularization via Deep Learning
cs.SY
We consider the problem of impulse response estimation for stable linear single-input single-output systems. It is a well-studied problem where flexible non-parametric models recently offered a leap in performance compared to the classical finite-dimensional model structures. Inspired by this development and the succes...
computer science
12,423
Deep Learning in Pharmacogenomics: From Gene Regulation to Patient Stratification
cs.LG
This Perspective provides examples of current and future applications of deep learning in pharmacogenomics, including: (1) identification of novel regulatory variants located in noncoding domains and their function as applied to pharmacoepigenomics; (2) patient stratification from medical records; and (3) prediction of...
computer science
12,424
Algorithmic Linearly Constrained Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
We algorithmically construct multi-output Gaussian process priors which satisfy linear differential equations. Our approach attempts to parametrize all solutions of the equations using Gr\"obner bases. If successful, a push forward Gaussian process along the paramerization is the desired prior. We consider several exam...
computer science
12,425
Less is more: sampling chemical space with active learning
cs.LG
The development of accurate and transferable machine learning (ML) potentials for predicting molecular energetics is a challenging task. The process of data generation to train such ML potentials is a task neither well understood nor researched in detail. In this work, we present a fully automated approach for the gene...
computer science
12,426
Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection from ECG Combining Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Networks
eess.SP
Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder associated with deadly and debilitating consequences including heart failure, stroke, poor mental health, reduced quality of life and death. Having an automatic system that diagnoses various types of cardiac arrhythmias would assist cardiologists to...
computer science
12,427
Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networks: An Extreme Value Theory Approach
stat.ML
The robustness of neural networks to adversarial examples has received great attention due to security implications. Despite various attack approaches to crafting visually imperceptible adversarial examples, little has been developed towards a comprehensive measure of robustness. In this paper, we provide a theoretical...
computer science
12,428
Matrix completion with deterministic pattern - a geometric perspective
cs.LG
We consider the matrix completion problem with a deterministic pattern of observed entries and aim to find conditions such that there will be (at least locally) unique solution to the non-convex Minimum Rank Matrix Completion (MRMC) formulation. We answer the question from a somewhat different point of view and to give...
computer science
12,429
Distributed Newton Methods for Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
Deep learning involves a difficult non-convex optimization problem with a large number of weights between any two adjacent layers of a deep structure. To handle large data sets or complicated networks, distributed training is needed, but the calculation of function, gradient, and Hessian is expensive. In particular, th...
computer science
12,430
A Nonparametric Delayed Feedback Model for Conversion Rate Prediction
cs.LG
Predicting conversion rates (CVRs) in display advertising (e.g., predicting the proportion of users who purchase an item (i.e., a conversion) after its corresponding ad is clicked) is important when measuring the effects of ads shown to users and to understanding the interests of the users. There is generally a time de...
computer science
12,431
Sensitivity Sampling Over Dynamic Geometric Data Streams with Applications to $k$-Clustering
cs.DS
Sensitivity based sampling is crucial for constructing nearly-optimal coreset for $k$-means / median clustering. In this paper, we provide a novel data structure that enables sensitivity sampling over a dynamic data stream, where points from a high dimensional discrete Euclidean space can be either inserted or deleted....
computer science
12,432
Modeling polypharmacy side effects with graph convolutional networks
cs.LG
The use of multiple drugs, termed polypharmacy, is common to treat patients with complex diseases or co-existing medical conditions. However, a major consequence of polypharmacy is a much higher risk of side effects for the patient. Polypharmacy side effects emerge because of drug interactions, in which activity of one...
computer science
12,433
A Generative Model for Natural Sounds Based on Latent Force Modelling
cs.LG
Recent advances in analysis of subband amplitude envelopes of natural sounds have resulted in convincing synthesis, showing subband amplitudes to be a crucial component of perception. Probabilistic latent variable analysis is particularly revealing, but existing approaches don't incorporate prior knowledge about the ph...
computer science
12,434
VIBNN: Hardware Acceleration of Bayesian Neural Networks
cs.LG
Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) have been proposed to address the problem of model uncertainty in training and inference. By introducing weights associated with conditioned probability distributions, BNNs are capable of resolving the overfitting issue commonly seen in conventional neural networks and allow for small-da...
computer science
12,435
Deep UQ: Learning deep neural network surrogate models for high dimensional uncertainty quantification
cs.LG
State-of-the-art computer codes for simulating real physical systems are often characterized by a vast number of input parameters. Performing uncertainty quantification (UQ) tasks with Monte Carlo (MC) methods is almost always infeasible because of the need to perform hundreds of thousands or even millions of forward m...
computer science
12,436
Bayesian Renewables Scenario Generation via Deep Generative Networks
math.OC
We present a method to generate renewable scenarios using Bayesian probabilities by implementing the Bayesian generative adversarial network~(Bayesian GAN), which is a variant of generative adversarial networks based on two interconnected deep neural networks. By using a Bayesian formulation, generators can be construc...
computer science
12,437
Non-Gaussian information from weak lensing data via deep learning
cs.LG
Weak lensing maps contain information beyond two-point statistics on small scales. Much recent work has tried to extract this information through a range of different observables or via nonlinear transformations of the lensing field. Here we train and apply a 2D convolutional neural network to simulated noiseless lensi...
computer science
12,438
Hardening Deep Neural Networks via Adversarial Model Cascades
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples - malicious inputs which are crafted by the adversary to induce the trained model to produce erroneous outputs. This vulnerability has inspired a lot of research on how to secure neural networks against these kinds of attacks. Although...
computer science
12,439
Linear Convergence of the Primal-Dual Gradient Method for Convex-Concave Saddle Point Problems without Strong Convexity
math.OC
We consider the convex-concave saddle point problem $\min_{x}\max_{y} f(x)+y^\top A x-g(y)$ where $f$ is smooth and convex and $g$ is smooth and strongly convex. We prove that if the coupling matrix $A$ has full column rank, the vanilla primal-dual gradient method can achieve linear convergence even if $f$ is not stron...
computer science
12,440
Weakly-supervised Dictionary Learning
eess.SP
We present a probabilistic modeling and inference framework for discriminative analysis dictionary learning under a weak supervision setting. Dictionary learning approaches have been widely used for tasks such as low-level signal denoising and restoration as well as high-level classification tasks, which can be applied...
computer science
12,441
Bayesian Coreset Construction via Greedy Iterative Geodesic Ascent
stat.ML
Coherent uncertainty quantification is a key strength of Bayesian methods. But modern algorithms for approximate Bayesian posterior inference often sacrifice accurate posterior uncertainty estimation in the pursuit of scalability. This work shows that previous Bayesian coreset construction algorithms---which build a sm...
computer science
12,442
Near-Optimal Coresets of Kernel Density Estimates
cs.LG
We construct near-optimal coresets for kernel density estimate for points in $\mathbb{R^d}$ when the kernel is positive definite. Specifically we show a polynomial time construction for a coreset of size $O(\sqrt{d\log (1/\epsilon)}/\epsilon)$, and we show a near-matching lower bound of size $\Omega(\sqrt{d}/\epsilon)$...
computer science
12,443
Learning One Convolutional Layer with Overlapping Patches
cs.LG
We give the first provably efficient algorithm for learning a one hidden layer convolutional network with respect to a general class of (potentially overlapping) patches. Additionally, our algorithm requires only mild conditions on the underlying distribution. We prove that our framework captures commonly used schemes ...
computer science
12,444
Predicting Hurricane Trajectories using a Recurrent Neural Network
cs.LG
Hurricanes are cyclones circulating about a defined center whose closed wind speeds exceed 75 mph originating over tropical and subtropical waters. At landfall, hurricanes can result in severe disasters. The accuracy of predicting their trajectory paths is critical to reduce economic loss and save human lives. Given th...
computer science
12,445
Recognition of Acoustic Events Using Masked Conditional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Automatic feature extraction using neural networks has accomplished remarkable success for images, but for sound recognition, these models are usually modified to fit the nature of the multi-dimensional temporal representation of the audio signal in spectrograms. This may not efficiently harness the time-frequency repr...
computer science
12,446
Gradient conjugate priors and deep neural networks
math.ST
The paper deals with learning the probability distribution of the observed data by artificial neural networks. We suggest a so-called gradient conjugate prior (GCP) update appropriate for neural networks, which is a modification of the classical Bayesian update for conjugate priors. We establish a connection between th...
computer science
12,447
Geometry Score: A Method For Comparing Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
One of the biggest challenges in the research of generative adversarial networks (GANs) is assessing the quality of generated samples and detecting various levels of mode collapse. In this work, we construct a novel measure of performance of a GAN by comparing geometrical properties of the underlying data manifold and ...
computer science
12,448
Neural Network Renormalization Group
cs.LG
We present a variational renormalization group approach using deep generative model composed of bijectors. The model can learn hierarchical transformations between physical variables and renormalized collective variables. It can directly generate statistically independent physical configurations by iterative refinement...
computer science
12,449
State Compression of Markov Processes via Empirical Low-Rank Estimation
stat.ML
Model reduction is a central problem in analyzing complex systems and high-dimensional data. We study the state compression of finite-state Markov process from its empirical trajectories. We adopt a low-rank model which is motivated by the state aggregation of controlled systems. A spectral method is proposed for estim...
computer science
12,450
Detection of Adversarial Training Examples in Poisoning Attacks through Anomaly Detection
stat.ML
Machine learning has become an important component for many systems and applications including computer vision, spam filtering, malware and network intrusion detection, among others. Despite the capabilities of machine learning algorithms to extract valuable information from data and produce accurate predictions, it ha...
computer science
12,451
Mini-Batch Stochastic ADMMs for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Optimization
math.OC
In the paper, we study the mini-batch stochastic ADMMs (alternating direction method of multipliers) for the nonconvex nonsmooth optimization. We prove that, given an appropriate mini-batch size, the mini-batch stochastic ADMM without variance reduction (VR) technique is convergent and reaches the convergence rate of $...
computer science
12,452
Large Scale Constrained Linear Regression Revisited: Faster Algorithms via Preconditioning
cs.LG
In this paper, we revisit the large-scale constrained linear regression problem and propose faster methods based on some recent developments in sketching and optimization. Our algorithms combine (accelerated) mini-batch SGD with a new method called two-step preconditioning to achieve an approximate solution with a time...
computer science
12,453
Deep Learning for Malicious Flow Detection
cs.LG
Cyber security has grown up to be a hot issue in recent years. How to identify potential malware becomes a challenging task. To tackle this challenge, we adopt deep learning approaches and perform flow detection on real data. However, real data often encounters an issue of imbalanced data distribution which will lead t...
computer science
12,454
UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
stat.ML
UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) is a novel manifold learning technique for dimension reduction. UMAP is constructed from a theoretical framework based in Riemannian geometry and algebraic topology. The result is a practical scalable algorithm that applies to real world data. The UMAP algorithm is c...
computer science
12,455
A Critical View of Global Optimality in Deep Learning
cs.LG
We investigate the loss surface of deep linear and nonlinear neural networks. We show that for deep linear networks with differentiable losses, critical points after the multilinear parameterization inherit the structure of critical points of the underlying loss with linear parameterization. As corollaries we obtain "l...
computer science
12,456
Riemannian Manifold Kernel for Persistence Diagrams
stat.ML
Algebraic topology methods have recently played an important role for statistical analysis with complicated geometric structured data. Among them, persistent homology is a well-known tool to extract robust topological features, and outputs as persistence diagrams. Unfortunately, persistence diagrams are point multi-set...
computer science
12,457
Feature-Distributed SVRG for High-Dimensional Linear Classification
cs.LG
Linear classification has been widely used in many high-dimensional applications like text classification. To perform linear classification for large-scale tasks, we often need to design distributed learning methods on a cluster of multiple machines. In this paper, we propose a new distributed learning method, called f...
computer science
12,458
Understanding Convolutional Networks with APPLE : Automatic Patch Pattern Labeling for Explanation
cs.LG
With the success of deep learning, recent efforts have been focused on analyzing how learned networks make their classifications. We are interested in analyzing the network output based on the network structure and information flow through the network layers. We contribute an algorithm for 1) analyzing a deep network t...
computer science
12,459
Evolving Latent Space Model for Dynamic Networks
cs.SI
Networks observed in the real world like social networks, collaboration networks etc., exhibit temporal dynamics, i.e. nodes and edges appear and/or disappear over time. In this paper, we propose a generative, latent space based, statistical model for such networks (called dynamic networks). We consider the case where ...
computer science
12,460
Convex Formulations for Fair Principal Component Analysis
cs.LG
Though there is a growing body of literature on fairness for supervised learning, the problem of incorporating fairness into unsupervised learning has been less well-studied. This paper studies fairness in the context of principal component analysis (PCA). We first present a definition of fairness for dimensionality re...
computer science
12,461
Drug response prediction by ensemble learning and drug-induced gene expression signatures
cs.LG
Chemotherapeutic response of cancer cells to a given compound is one of the most fundamental information one requires to design anti-cancer drugs. Recent advances in producing large drug screens against cancer cell lines provided an opportunity to apply machine learning methods for this purpose. In addition to cytotoxi...
computer science
12,462
SGD and Hogwild! Convergence Without the Bounded Gradients Assumption
math.OC
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the optimization algorithm of choice in many machine learning applications such as regularized empirical risk minimization and training deep neural networks. The classical analysis of convergence of SGD is carried out under the assumption that the norm of the stochastic gradient is ...
computer science
12,463
Uncharted Forest a Technique for Exploratory Data Analysis of Provenance Studies
stat.ML
Exploratory data analysis is a crucial task for developing effective classification models from high dimensional datasets. We explore the utility of a new unsupervised tree ensemble which we call, uncharted forest, for purposes of elucidating class associations, sample-sample associations, class heterogeneity, and unin...
computer science
12,464
Katyusha X: Practical Momentum Method for Stochastic Sum-of-Nonconvex Optimization
cs.LG
The problem of minimizing sum-of-nonconvex functions (i.e., convex functions that are average of non-convex ones) is becoming increasingly important in machine learning, and is the core machinery for PCA, SVD, regularized Newton's method, accelerated non-convex optimization, and more. We show how to provably obtain a...
computer science
12,465
Q-learning with Nearest Neighbors
cs.LG
We consider the problem of model-free reinforcement learning for infinite-horizon discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a continuous state space and unknown transition kernels, when only a single sample path of the system is available. We focus on the classical approach of Q-learning where the goal is to lea...
computer science
12,466
Spectral Filtering for General Linear Dynamical Systems
cs.LG
We give a polynomial-time algorithm for learning latent-state linear dynamical systems without system identification, and without assumptions on the spectral radius of the system's transition matrix. The algorithm extends the recently introduced technique of spectral filtering, previously applied only to systems with a...
computer science
12,467
Fair and Diverse DPP-based Data Summarization
cs.LG
Sampling methods that choose a subset of the data proportional to its diversity in the feature space are popular for data summarization. However, recent studies have noted the occurrence of bias (under- or over-representation of a certain gender or race) in such data summarization methods. In this paper we initiate a s...
computer science
12,468
Efficient Empirical Risk Minimization with Smooth Loss Functions in Non-interactive Local Differential Privacy
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the Empirical Risk Minimization problem in the non-interactive local model of differential privacy. We first show that if the ERM loss function is $(\infty, T)$-smooth, then we can avoid a dependence of the sample complexity, to achieve error $\alpha$, on the exponential of the dimensionality $p...
computer science
12,469
Dimension Reduction Using Active Manifolds
cs.LG
Scientists and engineers rely on accurate mathematical models to quantify the objects of their studies, which are often high-dimensional. Unfortunately, high-dimensional models are inherently difficult, i.e. when observations are sparse or expensive to determine. One way to address this problem is to approximate the or...
computer science
12,470
Learning a Neural-network-based Representation for Open Set Recognition
cs.LG
Open set recognition problems exist in many domains. For example in security, new malware classes emerge regularly; therefore malware classification systems need to identify instances from unknown classes in addition to discriminating between known classes. In this paper we present a neural network based representation...
computer science
12,471
Tempered Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been shown to produce realistic samples from high-dimensional distributions, but training them is considered hard. A possible explanation for training instabilities is the inherent imbalance between the networks: While the discriminator is trained directly on both real and fa...
computer science
12,472
A comparative study of fairness-enhancing interventions in machine learning
stat.ML
Computers are increasingly used to make decisions that have significant impact in people's lives. Often, these predictions can affect different population subgroups disproportionately. As a result, the issue of fairness has received much recent interest, and a number of fairness-enhanced classifiers and predictors have...
computer science
12,473
A Simple Proximal Stochastic Gradient Method for Nonsmooth Nonconvex Optimization
math.OC
We analyze stochastic gradient algorithms for optimizing nonconvex, nonsmooth finite-sum problems. In particular, the objective function is given by the summation of a differentiable (possibly nonconvex) component, together with a possibly non-differentiable but convex component. We propose a proximal stochastic gradie...
computer science
12,474
Analysis of Minimax Error Rate for Crowdsourcing and Its Application to Worker Clustering Model
stat.ML
While crowdsourcing has become an important means to label data, crowdworkers are not always experts---sometimes they can even be adversarial. Therefore, there is great interest in estimating the ground truth from unreliable labels produced by crowdworkers. The Dawid and Skene (DS) model is one of the most well-known m...
computer science
12,475
Recovering Loss to Followup Information Using Denoising Autoencoders
cs.LG
Loss to followup is a significant issue in healthcare and has serious consequences for a study's validity and cost. Methods available at present for recovering loss to followup information are restricted by their expressive capabilities and struggle to model highly non-linear relations and complex interactions. In this...
computer science
12,476
Stochastic Variance-Reduced Hamilton Monte Carlo Methods
stat.ML
We propose a fast stochastic Hamilton Monte Carlo (HMC) method, for sampling from a smooth and strongly log-concave distribution. At the core of our proposed method is a variance reduction technique inspired by the recent advance in stochastic optimization. We show that, to achieve $\epsilon$ accuracy in 2-Wasserstein ...
computer science
12,477
Leveraging the Exact Likelihood of Deep Latent Variable Models
stat.ML
Deep latent variable models combine the approximation abilities of deep neural networks and the statistical foundations of generative models. The induced data distribution is an infinite mixture model whose density is extremely delicate to compute. Variational methods are consequently used for inference, following the ...
computer science
12,478
Persistence Codebooks for Topological Data Analysis
stat.ML
Topological data analysis, such as persistent homology has shown beneficial properties for machine learning in many tasks. Topological representations, such as the persistence diagram (PD), however, have a complex structure (multiset of intervals) which makes it difficult to combine with typical machine learning workfl...
computer science
12,479
Understanding Membership Inferences on Well-Generalized Learning Models
cs.CR
Membership Inference Attack (MIA) determines the presence of a record in a machine learning model's training data by querying the model. Prior work has shown that the attack is feasible when the model is overfitted to its training data or when the adversary controls the training algorithm. However, when the model is no...
computer science
12,480
Linear-Time Algorithm for Learning Large-Scale Sparse Graphical Models
stat.ML
The sparse inverse covariance estimation problem is commonly solved using an $\ell_{1}$-regularized Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator known as "graphical lasso", but its computational cost becomes prohibitive for large data sets. A recent line of results showed--under mild assumptions--that the graphical lasso esti...
computer science
12,481
Benchmarking Framework for Performance-Evaluation of Causal Inference Analysis
stat.ME
Causal inference analysis is the estimation of the effects of actions on outcomes. In the context of healthcare data this means estimating the outcome of counter-factual treatments (i.e. including treatments that were not observed) on a patient's outcome. Compared to classic machine learning methods, evaluation and val...
computer science
12,482
Toward Deeper Understanding of Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization with Momentum using Diffusion Approximations
cs.LG
Momentum Stochastic Gradient Descent (MSGD) algorithm has been widely applied to many nonconvex optimization problems in machine learning. Popular examples include training deep neural networks, dimensionality reduction, and etc. Due to the lack of convexity and the extra momentum term, the optimization theory of MSGD ...
computer science
12,483
Security Analysis and Enhancement of Model Compressed Deep Learning Systems under Adversarial Attacks
cs.LG
DNN is presenting human-level performance for many complex intelligent tasks in real-world applications. However, it also introduces ever-increasing security concerns. For example, the emerging adversarial attacks indicate that even very small and often imperceptible adversarial input perturbations can easily mislead t...
computer science
12,484
Generative Models for Spear Phishing Posts on Social Media
cs.CR
Historically, machine learning in computer security has prioritized defense: think intrusion detection systems, malware classification, and botnet traffic identification. Offense can benefit from data just as well. Social networks, with their access to extensive personal data, bot-friendly APIs, colloquial syntax, and ...
computer science
12,485
Distributionally Robust Submodular Maximization
cs.LG
Submodular functions have applications throughout machine learning, but in many settings, we do not have direct access to the underlying function $f$. We focus on stochastic functions that are given as an expectation of functions over a distribution $P$. In practice, we often have only a limited set of samples $f_i$ fr...
computer science
12,486
Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization Revisited: Faster and More General
cs.LG
In this paper we study the differentially private Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) problem in different settings. For smooth (strongly) convex loss function with or without (non)-smooth regularization, we give algorithms that achieve either optimal or near optimal utility bounds with less gradient complexity compared ...
computer science
12,487
Designing Random Graph Models Using Variational Autoencoders With Applications to Chemical Design
cs.LG
Deep generative models have been praised for their ability to learn smooth latent representation of images, text, and audio, which can then be used to generate new, plausible data. However, current generative models are unable to work with graphs due to their unique characteristics--their underlying structure is not Eu...
computer science
12,488
500+ Times Faster Than Deep Learning (A Case Study Exploring Faster Methods for Text Mining StackOverflow)
cs.SE
Deep learning methods are useful for high-dimensional data and are becoming widely used in many areas of software engineering. Deep learners utilizes extensive computational power and can take a long time to train-- making it difficult to widely validate and repeat and improve their results. Further, they are not the b...
computer science
12,489
Stealing Hyperparameters in Machine Learning
cs.CR
Hyperparameters are critical in machine learning, as different hyperparameters often result in models with significantly different performance. Hyperparameters may be deemed confidential because of their commercial value and the confidentiality of the proprietary algorithms that the learner uses to learn them. In this ...
computer science
12,490
A Progressive Batching L-BFGS Method for Machine Learning
math.OC
The standard L-BFGS method relies on gradient approximations that are not dominated by noise, so that search directions are descent directions, the line search is reliable, and quasi-Newton updating yields useful quadratic models of the objective function. All of this appears to call for a full batch approach, but sinc...
computer science
12,491
"Dependency Bottleneck" in Auto-encoding Architectures: an Empirical Study
cs.IT
Recent works investigated the generalization properties in deep neural networks (DNNs) by studying the Information Bottleneck in DNNs. However, the mea- surement of the mutual information (MI) is often inaccurate due to the density estimation. To address this issue, we propose to measure the dependency instead of MI be...
computer science
12,492
Convolutional Analysis Operator Learning: Acceleration, Convergence, Application, and Neural Networks
stat.ML
Convolutional operator learning is increasingly gaining attention in many signal processing and computer vision applications. Learning kernels has mostly relied on so-called local approaches that extract and store many overlapping patches across training signals. Due to memory demands, local approaches have limitations...
computer science
12,493
Adversarial Risk and the Dangers of Evaluating Against Weak Attacks
cs.LG
This paper investigates recently proposed approaches for defending against adversarial examples and evaluating adversarial robustness. The existence of adversarial examples in trained neural networks reflects the fact that expected risk alone does not capture the model's performance against worst-case inputs. We motiva...
computer science
12,494
Simulation assisted machine learning
stat.ML
Predicting how a proposed cancer treatment will affect a given tumor can be cast as a machine learning problem, but the complexity of biological systems, the number of potentially relevant genomic and clinical features, and the lack of very large scale patient data repositories make this a unique challenge. "Pure data"...
computer science
12,495
Inferring relevant features: from QFT to PCA
cs.LG
In many-body physics, renormalization techniques are used to extract aspects of a statistical or quantum state that are relevant at large scale, or for low energy experiments. Recent works have proposed that these features can be formally identified as those perturbations of the states whose distinguishability most res...
computer science
12,496
Stochastic Wasserstein Barycenters
cs.LG
We present a stochastic algorithm to compute the barycenter of a set of probability distributions under the Wasserstein metric from optimal transport. Unlike previous approaches, our method extends to continuous input distributions and allows the support of the barycenter to be adjusted in each iteration. We tackle the...
computer science
12,497
Quantum Variational Autoencoder
cs.LG
Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models with the salient ability to perform inference. Here, we introduce a \emph{quantum variational autoencoder} (QVAE): a VAE whose latent generative process is implemented as a quantum Boltzmann machine (QBM). We show that our model can be trained end-to-end by...
computer science
12,498
Masked Conditional Neural Networks for Automatic Sound Events Recognition
cs.LG
Deep neural network architectures designed for application domains other than sound, especially image recognition, may not optimally harness the time-frequency representation when adapted to the sound recognition problem. In this work, we explore the ConditionaL Neural Network (CLNN) and the Masked ConditionaL Neural N...
computer science
12,499
Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filtering
stat.ML
We extend variational autoencoders (VAEs) to collaborative filtering for implicit feedback. This non-linear probabilistic model enables us to go beyond the limited modeling capacity of linear factor models which still largely dominate collaborative filtering research.We introduce a generative model with multinomial lik...
computer science
12,500
Online Machine Learning in Big Data Streams
cs.DC
The area of online machine learning in big data streams covers algorithms that are (1) distributed and (2) work from data streams with only a limited possibility to store past data. The first requirement mostly concerns software architectures and efficient algorithms. The second one also imposes nontrivial theoretical ...
computer science