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14,902
FASTSUBS: An Efficient and Exact Procedure for Finding the Most Likely Lexical Substitutes Based on an N-gram Language Model
cs.CL
Lexical substitutes have found use in areas such as paraphrasing, text simplification, machine translation, word sense disambiguation, and part of speech induction. However the computational complexity of accurately identifying the most likely substitutes for a word has made large scale experiments difficult. In this p...
computer science
14,903
Système d'aide à l'accès lexical : trouver le mot qu'on a sur le bout de la langue
cs.CL
The study of the Tip of the Tongue phenomenon (TOT) provides valuable clues and insights concerning the organisation of the mental lexicon (meaning, number of syllables, relation with other words, etc.). This paper describes a tool based on psycho-linguistic observations concerning the TOT phenomenon. We've built it to...
computer science
14,904
Adversarial Evaluation for Models of Natural Language
cs.CL
We now have a rich and growing set of modeling tools and algorithms for inducing linguistic structure from text that is less than fully annotated. In this paper, we discuss some of the weaknesses of our current methodology. We present a new abstract framework for evaluating natural language processing (NLP) models in g...
computer science
14,905
Learning to Map Sentences to Logical Form: Structured Classification with Probabilistic Categorial Grammars
cs.CL
This paper addresses the problem of mapping natural language sentences to lambda-calculus encodings of their meaning. We describe a learning algorithm that takes as input a training set of sentences labeled with expressions in the lambda calculus. The algorithm induces a grammar for the problem, along with a log-linear...
computer science
14,906
Clustering based approach extracting collocations
cs.CL
The following study presents a collocation extraction approach based on clustering technique. This study uses a combination of several classical measures which cover all aspects of a given corpus then it suggests separating bigrams found in the corpus in several disjoint groups according to the probability of presence ...
computer science
14,907
Automatic Segmentation of Manipuri (Meiteilon) Word into Syllabic Units
cs.CL
The work of automatic segmentation of a Manipuri language (or Meiteilon) word into syllabic units is demonstrated in this paper. This language is a scheduled Indian language of Tibeto-Burman origin, which is also a very highly agglutinative language. This language usages two script: a Bengali script and Meitei Mayek (S...
computer science
14,908
Appropriate Nouns with Obligatory Modifiers
cs.CL
The notion of appropriate sequence as introduced by Z. Harris provides a powerful syntactic way of analysing the detailed meaning of various sentences, including ambiguous ones. In an adjectival sentence like 'The leather was yellow', the introduction of an appropriate noun, here 'colour', specifies which quality the a...
computer science
14,909
A prototype for projecting HPSG syntactic lexica towards LMF
cs.CL
The comparative evaluation of Arabic HPSG grammar lexica requires a deep study of their linguistic coverage. The complexity of this task results mainly from the heterogeneity of the descriptive components within those lexica (underlying linguistic resources and different data categories, for example). It is therefore e...
computer science
14,910
Statistical sentiment analysis performance in Opinum
cs.CL
The classification of opinion texts in positive and negative is becoming a subject of great interest in sentiment analysis. The existence of many labeled opinions motivates the use of statistical and machine-learning methods. First-order statistics have proven to be very limited in this field. The Opinum approach is ba...
computer science
14,911
Towards the Fully Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources: A Step Forward
cs.CL
This article reports on the results of the research done towards the fully automatically merging of lexical resources. Our main goal is to show the generality of the proposed approach, which have been previously applied to merge Spanish Subcategorization Frames lexica. In this work we extend and apply the same techniqu...
computer science
14,912
Automatic lexical semantic classification of nouns
cs.CL
The work we present here addresses cue-based noun classification in English and Spanish. Its main objective is to automatically acquire lexical semantic information by classifying nouns into previously known noun lexical classes. This is achieved by using particular aspects of linguistic contexts as cues that identify ...
computer science
14,913
A Classification of Adjectives for Polarity Lexicons Enhancement
cs.CL
Subjective language detection is one of the most important challenges in Sentiment Analysis. Because of the weight and frequency in opinionated texts, adjectives are considered a key piece in the opinion extraction process. These subjective units are more and more frequently collected in polarity lexicons in which they...
computer science
14,914
Mining and Exploiting Domain-Specific Corpora in the PANACEA Platform
cs.CL
The objective of the PANACEA ICT-2007.2.2 EU project is to build a platform that automates the stages involved in the acquisition, production, updating and maintenance of the large language resources required by, among others, MT systems. The development of a Corpus Acquisition Component (CAC) for extracting monolingua...
computer science
14,915
Automatic Detection of Non-deverbal Event Nouns for Quick Lexicon Production
cs.CL
In this work we present the results of our experimental work on the develop-ment of lexical class-based lexica by automatic means. The objective is to as-sess the use of linguistic lexical-class based information as a feature selection methodology for the use of classifiers in quick lexical development. The results sho...
computer science
14,916
Using qualia information to identify lexical semantic classes in an unsupervised clustering task
cs.CL
Acquiring lexical information is a complex problem, typically approached by relying on a number of contexts to contribute information for classification. One of the first issues to address in this domain is the determination of such contexts. The work presented here proposes the use of automatically obtained FORMAL rol...
computer science
14,917
Probabilistic Topic and Syntax Modeling with Part-of-Speech LDA
cs.CL
This article presents a probabilistic generative model for text based on semantic topics and syntactic classes called Part-of-Speech LDA (POSLDA). POSLDA simultaneously uncovers short-range syntactic patterns (syntax) and long-range semantic patterns (topics) that exist in document collections. This results in word dis...
computer science
14,918
SYNTAGMA. A Linguistic Approach to Parsing
cs.CL
SYNTAGMA is a rule-based parsing system, structured on two levels: a general parsing engine and a language specific grammar. The parsing engine is a language independent program, while grammar and language specific rules and resources are given as text files, consisting in a list of constituent structuresand a lexical ...
computer science
14,919
Advances in the Logical Representation of Lexical Semantics
cs.CL
The integration of lexical semantics and pragmatics in the analysis of the meaning of natural lan- guage has prompted changes to the global framework derived from Montague. In those works, the original lexicon, in which words were assigned an atomic type of a single-sorted logic, has been re- placed by a set of many-fa...
computer science
14,920
Learning to answer questions
cs.CL
We present an open-domain Question-Answering system that learns to answer questions based on successful past interactions. We follow a pattern-based approach to Answer-Extraction, where (lexico-syntactic) patterns that relate a question to its answer are automatically learned and used to answer future questions. Result...
computer science
14,921
Analysing Quality of English-Hindi Machine Translation Engine Outputs Using Bayesian Classification
cs.CL
This paper considers the problem for estimating the quality of machine translation outputs which are independent of human intervention and are generally addressed using machine learning techniques.There are various measures through which a machine learns translations quality. Automatic Evaluation metrics produce good c...
computer science
14,922
Preparing Korean Data for the Shared Task on Parsing Morphologically Rich Languages
cs.CL
This document gives a brief description of Korean data prepared for the SPMRL 2013 shared task. A total of 27,363 sentences with 350,090 tokens are used for the shared task. All constituent trees are collected from the KAIST Treebank and transformed to the Penn Treebank style. All dependency trees are converted from th...
computer science
14,923
Implementation of nlization framework for verbs, pronouns and determiners with eugene
cs.CL
UNL system is designed and implemented by a nonprofit organization, UNDL Foundation at Geneva in 1999. UNL applications are application softwares that allow end users to accomplish natural language tasks, such as translating, summarizing, retrieving or extracting information, etc. Two major web based application softwa...
computer science
14,924
General Purpose Textual Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Detection Tools
cs.CL
Textual sentiment analysis and emotion detection consists in retrieving the sentiment or emotion carried by a text or document. This task can be useful in many domains: opinion mining, prediction, feedbacks, etc. However, building a general purpose tool for doing sentiment analysis and emotion detection raises a number...
computer science
14,925
Exploiting Similarities among Languages for Machine Translation
cs.CL
Dictionaries and phrase tables are the basis of modern statistical machine translation systems. This paper develops a method that can automate the process of generating and extending dictionaries and phrase tables. Our method can translate missing word and phrase entries by learning language structures based on large m...
computer science
14,926
Text segmentation with character-level text embeddings
cs.CL
Learning word representations has recently seen much success in computational linguistics. However, assuming sequences of word tokens as input to linguistic analysis is often unjustified. For many languages word segmentation is a non-trivial task and naturally occurring text is sometimes a mixture of natural language s...
computer science
14,927
JRC EuroVoc Indexer JEX - A freely available multi-label categorisation tool
cs.CL
EuroVoc (2012) is a highly multilingual thesaurus consisting of over 6,700 hierarchically organised subject domains used by European Institutions and many authorities in Member States of the European Union (EU) for the classification and retrieval of official documents. JEX is JRC-developed multi-label classification s...
computer science
14,928
DGT-TM: A freely Available Translation Memory in 22 Languages
cs.CL
The European Commission's (EC) Directorate General for Translation, together with the EC's Joint Research Centre, is making available a large translation memory (TM; i.e. sentences and their professionally produced translations) covering twenty-two official European Union (EU) languages and their 231 language pairs. Su...
computer science
14,929
An introduction to the Europe Media Monitor family of applications
cs.CL
Most large organizations have dedicated departments that monitor the media to keep up-to-date with relevant developments and to keep an eye on how they are represented in the news. Part of this media monitoring work can be automated. In the European Union with its 23 official languages, it is particularly important to ...
computer science
14,930
Even the Abstract have Colour: Consensus in Word-Colour Associations
cs.CL
Colour is a key component in the successful dissemination of information. Since many real-world concepts are associated with colour, for example danger with red, linguistic information is often complemented with the use of appropriate colours in information visualization and product marketing. Yet, there is no comprehe...
computer science
14,931
LDC Arabic Treebanks and Associated Corpora: Data Divisions Manual
cs.CL
The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) has developed hundreds of data corpora for natural language processing (NLP) research. Among these are a number of annotated treebank corpora for Arabic. Typically, these corpora consist of a single collection of annotated documents. NLP research, however, usually requires multiple ...
computer science
14,932
A Hybrid Algorithm for Matching Arabic Names
cs.CL
In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm which combines both of token-based and character-based approaches is presented. The basic Levenshtein approach has been extended to token-based distance metric. The distance metric is enhanced to set the proper granularity level behavior of the algorithm. It smoothly maps a thresho...
computer science
14,933
Sentiment Analysis: How to Derive Prior Polarities from SentiWordNet
cs.CL
Assigning a positive or negative score to a word out of context (i.e. a word's prior polarity) is a challenging task for sentiment analysis. In the literature, various approaches based on SentiWordNet have been proposed. In this paper, we compare the most often used techniques together with newly proposed ones and inco...
computer science
14,934
From Once Upon a Time to Happily Ever After: Tracking Emotions in Novels and Fairy Tales
cs.CL
Today we have access to unprecedented amounts of literary texts. However, search still relies heavily on key words. In this paper, we show how sentiment analysis can be used in tandem with effective visualizations to quantify and track emotions in both individual books and across very large collections. We introduce th...
computer science
14,935
Colourful Language: Measuring Word-Colour Associations
cs.CL
Since many real-world concepts are associated with colour, for example danger with red, linguistic information is often complimented with the use of appropriate colours in information visualization and product marketing. Yet, there is no comprehensive resource that captures concept-colour associations. We present a met...
computer science
14,936
JRC-Names: A freely available, highly multilingual named entity resource
cs.CL
This paper describes a new, freely available, highly multilingual named entity resource for person and organisation names that has been compiled over seven years of large-scale multilingual news analysis combined with Wikipedia mining, resulting in 205,000 per-son and organisation names plus about the same number of sp...
computer science
14,937
Acronym recognition and processing in 22 languages
cs.CL
We are presenting work on recognising acronyms of the form Long-Form (Short-Form) such as "International Monetary Fund (IMF)" in millions of news articles in twenty-two languages, as part of our more general effort to recognise entities and their variants in news text and to use them for the automatic analysis of the n...
computer science
14,938
Sentiment Analysis in the News
cs.CL
Recent years have brought a significant growth in the volume of research in sentiment analysis, mostly on highly subjective text types (movie or product reviews). The main difference these texts have with news articles is that their target is clearly defined and unique across the text. Following different annotation ef...
computer science
14,939
Tracking Sentiment in Mail: How Genders Differ on Emotional Axes
cs.CL
With the widespread use of email, we now have access to unprecedented amounts of text that we ourselves have written. In this paper, we show how sentiment analysis can be used in tandem with effective visualizations to quantify and track emotions in many types of mail. We create a large word--emotion association lexico...
computer science
14,940
Using Nuances of Emotion to Identify Personality
cs.CL
Past work on personality detection has shown that frequency of lexical categories such as first person pronouns, past tense verbs, and sentiment words have significant correlations with personality traits. In this paper, for the first time, we show that fine affect (emotion) categories such as that of excitement, guilt...
computer science
14,941
Domain-Specific Sentiment Word Extraction by Seed Expansion and Pattern Generation
cs.CL
This paper focuses on the automatic extraction of domain-specific sentiment word (DSSW), which is a fundamental subtask of sentiment analysis. Most previous work utilizes manual patterns for this task. However, the performance of those methods highly relies on the labelled patterns or selected seeds. In order to overco...
computer science
14,942
Development and Transcription of Assamese Speech Corpus
cs.CL
A balanced speech corpus is the basic need for any speech processing task. In this report we describe our effort on development of Assamese speech corpus. We mainly focused on some issues and challenges faced during development of the corpus. Being a less computationally aware language, this is the first effort to deve...
computer science
14,943
Embedding Semantic Relations into Word Representations
cs.CL
Learning representations for semantic relations is important for various tasks such as analogy detection, relational search, and relation classification. Although there have been several proposals for learning representations for individual words, learning word representations that explicitly capture the semantic relat...
computer science
14,944
Fast Rhetorical Structure Theory Discourse Parsing
cs.CL
In recent years, There has been a variety of research on discourse parsing, particularly RST discourse parsing. Most of the recent work on RST parsing has focused on implementing new types of features or learning algorithms in order to improve accuracy, with relatively little focus on efficiency, robustness, or practic...
computer science
14,945
Turn Segmentation into Utterances for Arabic Spontaneous Dialogues and Instance Messages
cs.CL
Text segmentation task is an essential processing task for many of Natural Language Processing (NLP) such as text summarization, text translation, dialogue language understanding, among others. Turns segmentation considered the key player in dialogue understanding task for building automatic Human-Computer systems. In ...
computer science
14,946
A Survey of Arabic Dialogues Understanding for Spontaneous Dialogues and Instant Message
cs.CL
Building dialogues systems interaction has recently gained considerable attention, but most of the resources and systems built so far are tailored to English and other Indo-European languages. The need for designing systems for other languages is increasing such as Arabic language. For this reasons, there are more inte...
computer science
14,947
Indonesian Social Media Sentiment Analysis With Sarcasm Detection
cs.CL
Sarcasm is considered one of the most difficult problem in sentiment analysis. In our ob-servation on Indonesian social media, for cer-tain topics, people tend to criticize something using sarcasm. Here, we proposed two additional features to detect sarcasm after a common sentiment analysis is conducted. The features a...
computer science
14,948
Sentiment Analysis For Modern Standard Arabic And Colloquial
cs.CL
The rise of social media such as blogs and social networks has fueled interest in sentiment analysis. With the proliferation of reviews, ratings, recommendations and other forms of online expression, online opinion has turned into a kind of virtual currency for businesses looking to market their products, identify new ...
computer science
14,949
Feature selection using Fisher's ratio technique for automatic speech recognition
cs.CL
Automatic Speech Recognition involves mainly two steps; feature extraction and classification . Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient is used as one of the prominent feature extraction techniques in ASR. Usually, the set of all 12 MFCC coefficients is used as the feature vector in the classification step. But the question...
computer science
14,950
Rank diversity of languages: Generic behavior in computational linguistics
cs.CL
Statistical studies of languages have focused on the rank-frequency distribution of words. Instead, we introduce here a measure of how word ranks change in time and call this distribution \emph{rank diversity}. We calculate this diversity for books published in six European languages since 1800, and find that it follow...
computer science
14,951
Arabic Inquiry-Answer Dialogue Acts Annotation Schema
cs.CL
We present an annotation schema as part of an effort to create a manually annotated corpus for Arabic dialogue language understanding including spoken dialogue and written "chat" dialogue for inquiry-answer domain. The proposed schema handles mainly the request and response acts that occurs frequently in inquiry-answer...
computer science
14,952
Sifting Robotic from Organic Text: A Natural Language Approach for Detecting Automation on Twitter
cs.CL
Twitter, a popular social media outlet, has evolved into a vast source of linguistic data, rich with opinion, sentiment, and discussion. Due to the increasing popularity of Twitter, its perceived potential for exerting social influence has led to the rise of a diverse community of automatons, commonly referred to as bo...
computer science
14,953
CCG Parsing and Multiword Expressions
cs.CL
This thesis presents a study about the integration of information about Multiword Expressions (MWEs) into parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG). We build on previous work which has shown the benefit of adding information about MWEs to syntactic parsing by implementing a similar pipeline with CCG parsing. Mo...
computer science
14,954
Learning Better Word Embedding by Asymmetric Low-Rank Projection of Knowledge Graph
cs.CL
Word embedding, which refers to low-dimensional dense vector representations of natural words, has demonstrated its power in many natural language processing tasks. However, it may suffer from the inaccurate and incomplete information contained in the free text corpus as training data. To tackle this challenge, there h...
computer science
14,955
Boosting Named Entity Recognition with Neural Character Embeddings
cs.CL
Most state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) systems rely on handcrafted features and on the output of other NLP tasks such as part-of-speech (POS) tagging and text chunking. In this work we propose a language-independent NER system that uses automatically learned features only. Our approach is based on the Cha...
computer science
14,956
Knowlege Graph Embedding by Flexible Translation
cs.CL
Knowledge graph embedding refers to projecting entities and relations in knowledge graph into continuous vector spaces. State-of-the-art methods, such as TransE, TransH, and TransR build embeddings by treating relation as translation from head entity to tail entity. However, previous models can not deal with reflexive/...
computer science
14,957
Translation Memory Retrieval Methods
cs.CL
Translation Memory (TM) systems are one of the most widely used translation technologies. An important part of TM systems is the matching algorithm that determines what translations get retrieved from the bank of available translations to assist the human translator. Although detailed accounts of the matching algorithm...
computer science
14,958
The IBM 2015 English Conversational Telephone Speech Recognition System
cs.CL
We describe the latest improvements to the IBM English conversational telephone speech recognition system. Some of the techniques that were found beneficial are: maxout networks with annealed dropout rates; networks with a very large number of outputs trained on 2000 hours of data; joint modeling of partially unfolded ...
computer science
14,959
Keyphrase Based Evaluation of Automatic Text Summarization
cs.CL
The development of methods to deal with the informative contents of the text units in the matching process is a major challenge in automatic summary evaluation systems that use fixed n-gram matching. The limitation causes inaccurate matching between units in a peer and reference summaries. The present study introduces ...
computer science
14,960
Representing Meaning with a Combination of Logical and Distributional Models
cs.CL
NLP tasks differ in the semantic information they require, and at this time no single se- mantic representation fulfills all requirements. Logic-based representations characterize sentence structure, but do not capture the graded aspect of meaning. Distributional models give graded similarity ratings for words and phra...
computer science
14,961
Unsupervised Cross-Domain Word Representation Learning
cs.CL
Meaning of a word varies from one domain to another. Despite this important domain dependence in word semantics, existing word representation learning methods are bound to a single domain. Given a pair of \emph{source}-\emph{target} domains, we propose an unsupervised method for learning domain-specific word representa...
computer science
14,962
Overview of the NLPCC 2015 Shared Task: Chinese Word Segmentation and POS Tagging for Micro-blog Texts
cs.CL
In this paper, we give an overview for the shared task at the 4th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing \& Chinese Computing (NLPCC 2015): Chinese word segmentation and part-of-speech (POS) tagging for micro-blog texts. Different with the popular used newswire datasets, the dataset of this shared task consists ...
computer science
14,963
Supervised Fine Tuning for Word Embedding with Integrated Knowledge
cs.CL
Learning vector representation for words is an important research field which may benefit many natural language processing tasks. Two limitations exist in nearly all available models, which are the bias caused by the context definition and the lack of knowledge utilization. They are difficult to tackle because these al...
computer science
14,964
Modeling meaning: computational interpreting and understanding of natural language fragments
cs.CL
In this introductory article we present the basics of an approach to implementing computational interpreting of natural language aiming to model the meanings of words and phrases. Unlike other approaches, we attempt to define the meanings of text fragments in a composable and computer interpretable way. We discuss mode...
computer science
14,965
Neural Attention Models for Sequence Classification: Analysis and Application to Key Term Extraction and Dialogue Act Detection
cs.CL
Recurrent neural network architectures combining with attention mechanism, or neural attention model, have shown promising performance recently for the tasks including speech recognition, image caption generation, visual question answering and machine translation. In this paper, neural attention model is applied on two...
computer science
14,966
A Compositional Approach to Language Modeling
cs.CL
Traditional language models treat language as a finite state automaton on a probability space over words. This is a very strong assumption when modeling something inherently complex such as language. In this paper, we challenge this by showing how the linear chain assumption inherent in previous work can be translated ...
computer science
14,967
Domain Adaptation of Recurrent Neural Networks for Natural Language Understanding
cs.CL
The goal of this paper is to use multi-task learning to efficiently scale slot filling models for natural language understanding to handle multiple target tasks or domains. The key to scalability is reducing the amount of training data needed to learn a model for a new task. The proposed multi-task model delivers bette...
computer science
14,968
Revisiting Summarization Evaluation for Scientific Articles
cs.CL
Evaluation of text summarization approaches have been mostly based on metrics that measure similarities of system generated summaries with a set of human written gold-standard summaries. The most widely used metric in summarization evaluation has been the ROUGE family. ROUGE solely relies on lexical overlaps between th...
computer science
14,969
Cross-lingual Models of Word Embeddings: An Empirical Comparison
cs.CL
Despite interest in using cross-lingual knowledge to learn word embeddings for various tasks, a systematic comparison of the possible approaches is lacking in the literature. We perform an extensive evaluation of four popular approaches of inducing cross-lingual embeddings, each requiring a different form of supervisio...
computer science
14,970
Online Updating of Word Representations for Part-of-Speech Tagging
cs.CL
We propose online unsupervised domain adaptation (DA), which is performed incrementally as data comes in and is applicable when batch DA is not possible. In a part-of-speech (POS) tagging evaluation, we find that online unsupervised DA performs as well as batch DA.
computer science
14,971
Discriminative Phrase Embedding for Paraphrase Identification
cs.CL
This work, concerning paraphrase identification task, on one hand contributes to expanding deep learning embeddings to include continuous and discontinuous linguistic phrases. On the other hand, it comes up with a new scheme TF-KLD-KNN to learn the discriminative weights of words and phrases specific to paraphrase task...
computer science
14,972
Capturing Semantic Similarity for Entity Linking with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
A key challenge in entity linking is making effective use of contextual information to disambiguate mentions that might refer to different entities in different contexts. We present a model that uses convolutional neural networks to capture semantic correspondence between a mention's context and a proposed target entit...
computer science
14,973
Multi-Field Structural Decomposition for Question Answering
cs.CL
This paper presents a precursory yet novel approach to the question answering task using structural decomposition. Our system first generates linguistic structures such as syntactic and semantic trees from text, decomposes them into multiple fields, then indexes the terms in each field. For each question, it decomposes...
computer science
14,974
Modeling Relational Information in Question-Answer Pairs with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose convolutional neural networks for learning an optimal representation of question and answer sentences. Their main aspect is the use of relational information given by the matches between words from the two members of the pair. The matches are encoded as embeddings with additional parameters (d...
computer science
14,975
Character-Level Neural Translation for Multilingual Media Monitoring in the SUMMA Project
cs.CL
The paper steps outside the comfort-zone of the traditional NLP tasks like automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) to addresses two novel problems arising in the automated multilingual news monitoring: segmentation of the TV and radio program ASR transcripts into individual stories, and clusteri...
computer science
14,976
A new TAG Formalism for Tamil and Parser Analytics
cs.CL
Tree adjoining grammar (TAG) is specifically suited for morph rich and agglutinated languages like Tamil due to its psycho linguistic features and parse time dependency and morph resolution. Though TAG and LTAG formalisms have been known for about 3 decades, efforts on designing TAG Syntax for Tamil have not been entir...
computer science
14,977
RIGA at SemEval-2016 Task 8: Impact of Smatch Extensions and Character-Level Neural Translation on AMR Parsing Accuracy
cs.CL
Two extensions to the AMR smatch scoring script are presented. The first extension com-bines the smatch scoring script with the C6.0 rule-based classifier to produce a human-readable report on the error patterns frequency observed in the scored AMR graphs. This first extension results in 4% gain over the state-of-art C...
computer science
14,978
An Ensemble Method to Produce High-Quality Word Embeddings
cs.CL
A currently successful approach to computational semantics is to represent words as embeddings in a machine-learned vector space. We present an ensemble method that combines embeddings produced by GloVe (Pennington et al., 2014) and word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013) with structured knowledge from the semantic networks Co...
computer science
14,979
Neural Headline Generation with Sentence-wise Optimization
cs.CL
Recently, neural models have been proposed for headline generation by learning to map documents to headlines with recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless, as traditional neural network utilizes maximum likelihood estimation for parameter optimization, it essentially constrains the expected training objective within wor...
computer science
14,980
Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
The encoder-decoder framework for neural machine translation (NMT) has been shown effective in large data scenarios, but is much less effective for low-resource languages. We present a transfer learning method that significantly improves Bleu scores across a range of low-resource languages. Our key idea is to first tra...
computer science
14,981
Fusing Audio, Textual and Visual Features for Sentiment Analysis of News Videos
cs.CL
This paper presents a novel approach to perform sentiment analysis of news videos, based on the fusion of audio, textual and visual clues extracted from their contents. The proposed approach aims at contributing to the semiodiscoursive study regarding the construction of the ethos (identity) of this media universe, whi...
computer science
14,982
Method of Tibetan Person Knowledge Extraction
cs.CL
Person knowledge extraction is the foundation of the Tibetan knowledge graph construction, which provides support for Tibetan question answering system, information retrieval, information extraction and other researches, and promotes national unity and social stability. This paper proposes a SVM and template based appr...
computer science
14,983
Using Sentence-Level LSTM Language Models for Script Inference
cs.CL
There is a small but growing body of research on statistical scripts, models of event sequences that allow probabilistic inference of implicit events from documents. These systems operate on structured verb-argument events produced by an NLP pipeline. We compare these systems with recent Recurrent Neural Net models tha...
computer science
14,984
Learning Global Features for Coreference Resolution
cs.CL
There is compelling evidence that coreference prediction would benefit from modeling global information about entity-clusters. Yet, state-of-the-art performance can be achieved with systems treating each mention prediction independently, which we attribute to the inherent difficulty of crafting informative cluster-leve...
computer science
14,985
Shallow Parsing Pipeline for Hindi-English Code-Mixed Social Media Text
cs.CL
In this study, the problem of shallow parsing of Hindi-English code-mixed social media text (CSMT) has been addressed. We have annotated the data, developed a language identifier, a normalizer, a part-of-speech tagger and a shallow parser. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to attempt shallow parsing on CSM...
computer science
14,986
Disfluency Detection using a Bidirectional LSTM
cs.CL
We introduce a new approach for disfluency detection using a Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory neural network (BLSTM). In addition to the word sequence, the model takes as input pattern match features that were developed to reduce sensitivity to vocabulary size in training, which lead to improved performance over th...
computer science
14,987
Improving sentence compression by learning to predict gaze
cs.CL
We show how eye-tracking corpora can be used to improve sentence compression models, presenting a novel multi-task learning algorithm based on multi-layer LSTMs. We obtain performance competitive with or better than state-of-the-art approaches.
computer science
14,988
Sentence-Level Grammatical Error Identification as Sequence-to-Sequence Correction
cs.CL
We demonstrate that an attention-based encoder-decoder model can be used for sentence-level grammatical error identification for the Automated Evaluation of Scientific Writing (AESW) Shared Task 2016. The attention-based encoder-decoder models can be used for the generation of corrections, in addition to error identifi...
computer science
14,989
From Incremental Meaning to Semantic Unit (phrase by phrase)
cs.CL
This paper describes an experimental approach to Detection of Minimal Semantic Units and their Meaning (DiMSUM), explored within the framework of SemEval 2016 Task 10. The approach is primarily based on a combination of word embeddings and parserbased features, and employs unidirectional incremental computation of comp...
computer science
14,990
Speed-Constrained Tuning for Statistical Machine Translation Using Bayesian Optimization
cs.CL
We address the problem of automatically finding the parameters of a statistical machine translation system that maximize BLEU scores while ensuring that decoding speed exceeds a minimum value. We propose the use of Bayesian Optimization to efficiently tune the speed-related decoding parameters by easily incorporating s...
computer science
14,991
Clustering Comparable Corpora of Russian and Ukrainian Academic Texts: Word Embeddings and Semantic Fingerprints
cs.CL
We present our experience in applying distributional semantics (neural word embeddings) to the problem of representing and clustering documents in a bilingual comparable corpus. Our data is a collection of Russian and Ukrainian academic texts, for which topics are their academic fields. In order to build language-indep...
computer science
14,992
Exploring Segment Representations for Neural Segmentation Models
cs.CL
Many natural language processing (NLP) tasks can be generalized into segmentation problem. In this paper, we combine semi-CRF with neural network to solve NLP segmentation tasks. Our model represents a segment both by composing the input units and embedding the entire segment. We thoroughly study different composition ...
computer science
14,993
M$^2$S-Net: Multi-Modal Similarity Metric Learning based Deep Convolutional Network for Answer Selection
cs.CL
Recent works using artificial neural networks based on distributed word representation greatly boost performance on various natural language processing tasks, especially the answer selection problem. Nevertheless, most of the previous works used deep learning methods (like LSTM-RNN, CNN, etc.) only to capture semantic ...
computer science
14,994
An Attentive Neural Architecture for Fine-grained Entity Type Classification
cs.CL
In this work we propose a novel attention-based neural network model for the task of fine-grained entity type classification that unlike previously proposed models recursively composes representations of entity mention contexts. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance with 74.94% loose micro F1-score on the wel...
computer science
14,995
Multilingual Part-of-Speech Tagging with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Models and Auxiliary Loss
cs.CL
Bidirectional long short-term memory (bi-LSTM) networks have recently proven successful for various NLP sequence modeling tasks, but little is known about their reliance to input representations, target languages, data set size, and label noise. We address these issues and evaluate bi-LSTMs with word, character, and un...
computer science
14,996
Efficient Calculation of Bigram Frequencies in a Corpus of Short Texts
cs.CL
We show that an efficient and popular method for calculating bigram frequencies is unsuitable for bodies of short texts and offer a simple alternative. Our method has the same computational complexity as the old method and offers an exact count instead of an approximation.
computer science
14,997
Syntactic and semantic classification of verb arguments using dependency-based and rich semantic features
cs.CL
Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA) has been the topic of Semeval 2015 Task 15, aimed at producing a system that can aid lexicographers in their efforts to build a dictionary of meanings for English verbs using the CPA annotation process. CPA parsing is one of the subtasks which this annotation process is made of and it is t...
computer science
14,998
A Deep Neural Network for Chinese Zero Pronoun Resolution
cs.CL
Existing approaches for Chinese zero pronoun resolution overlook semantic information. This is because zero pronouns have no descriptive information, which results in difficulty in explicitly capturing their semantic similarities with antecedents. Moreover, when dealing with candidate antecedents, traditional systems s...
computer science
14,999
Dialog-based Language Learning
cs.CL
A long-term goal of machine learning research is to build an intelligent dialog agent. Most research in natural language understanding has focused on learning from fixed training sets of labeled data, with supervision either at the word level (tagging, parsing tasks) or sentence level (question answering, machine trans...
computer science
15,000
Speaker Cluster-Based Speaker Adaptive Training for Deep Neural Network Acoustic Modeling
cs.CL
A speaker cluster-based speaker adaptive training (SAT) method under deep neural network-hidden Markov model (DNN-HMM) framework is presented in this paper. During training, speakers that are acoustically adjacent to each other are hierarchically clustered using an i-vector based distance metric. DNNs with speaker depe...
computer science
15,001
Chinese Song Iambics Generation with Neural Attention-based Model
cs.CL
Learning and generating Chinese poems is a charming yet challenging task. Traditional approaches involve various language modeling and machine translation techniques, however, they perform not as well when generating poems with complex pattern constraints, for example Song iambics, a famous type of poems that involve v...
computer science