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15,002
A Novel Approach to Dropped Pronoun Translation
cs.CL
Dropped Pronouns (DP) in which pronouns are frequently dropped in the source language but should be retained in the target language are challenge in machine translation. In response to this problem, we propose a semi-supervised approach to recall possibly missing pronouns in the translation. Firstly, we build training ...
computer science
15,003
Row-less Universal Schema
cs.CL
Universal schema jointly embeds knowledge bases and textual patterns to reason about entities and relations for automatic knowledge base construction and information extraction. In the past, entity pairs and relations were represented as learned vectors with compatibility determined by a scoring function, limiting gene...
computer science
15,004
SweLL on the rise: Swedish Learner Language corpus for European Reference Level studies
cs.CL
We present a new resource for Swedish, SweLL, a corpus of Swedish Learner essays linked to learners' performance according to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). SweLL consists of three subcorpora - SpIn, SW1203 and Tisus, collected from three different educational establishments. The common metadata for...
computer science
15,005
Automatic verbal aggression detection for Russian and American imageboards
cs.CL
The problem of aggression for Internet communities is rampant. Anonymous forums usually called imageboards are notorious for their aggressive and deviant behaviour even in comparison with other Internet communities. This study is aimed at studying ways of automatic detection of verbal expression of aggression for the m...
computer science
15,006
Detecting state of aggression in sentences using CNN
cs.CL
In this article we study verbal expression of aggression and its detection using machine learning and neural networks methods. We test our results using our corpora of messages from anonymous imageboards. We also compare Random forest classifier with convolutional neural network for "Movie reviews with one sentence per...
computer science
15,007
Why and How to Pay Different Attention to Phrase Alignments of Different Intensities
cs.CL
This work studies comparatively two typical sentence pair classification tasks: textual entailment (TE) and answer selection (AS), observing that phrase alignments of different intensities contribute differently in these tasks. We address the problems of identifying phrase alignments of flexible granularity and pooling...
computer science
15,008
Parsing Argumentation Structures in Persuasive Essays
cs.CL
In this article, we present a novel approach for parsing argumentation structures. We identify argument components using sequence labeling at the token level and apply a new joint model for detecting argumentation structures. The proposed model globally optimizes argument component types and argumentative relations usi...
computer science
15,009
Entities as topic labels: Improving topic interpretability and evaluability combining Entity Linking and Labeled LDA
cs.CL
In order to create a corpus exploration method providing topics that are easier to interpret than standard LDA topic models, here we propose combining two techniques called Entity linking and Labeled LDA. Our method identifies in an ontology a series of descriptive labels for each document in a corpus. Then it generate...
computer science
15,010
Extracting Temporal and Causal Relations between Events
cs.CL
Structured information resulting from temporal information processing is crucial for a variety of natural language processing tasks, for instance to generate timeline summarization of events from news documents, or to answer temporal/causal-related questions about some events. In this thesis we present a framework for ...
computer science
15,011
The IBM 2016 English Conversational Telephone Speech Recognition System
cs.CL
We describe a collection of acoustic and language modeling techniques that lowered the word error rate of our English conversational telephone LVCSR system to a record 6.6% on the Switchboard subset of the Hub5 2000 evaluation testset. On the acoustic side, we use a score fusion of three strong models: recurrent nets w...
computer science
15,012
Comparing Fifty Natural Languages and Twelve Genetic Languages Using Word Embedding Language Divergence (WELD) as a Quantitative Measure of Language Distance
cs.CL
We introduce a new measure of distance between languages based on word embedding, called word embedding language divergence (WELD). WELD is defined as divergence between unified similarity distribution of words between languages. Using such a measure, we perform language comparison for fifty natural languages and twelv...
computer science
15,013
Word Ordering Without Syntax
cs.CL
Recent work on word ordering has argued that syntactic structure is important, or even required, for effectively recovering the order of a sentence. We find that, in fact, an n-gram language model with a simple heuristic gives strong results on this task. Furthermore, we show that a long short-term memory (LSTM) langua...
computer science
15,014
Distance Metric Learning for Aspect Phrase Grouping
cs.CL
Aspect phrase grouping is an important task in aspect-level sentiment analysis. It is a challenging problem due to polysemy and context dependency. We propose an Attention-based Deep Distance Metric Learning (ADDML) method, by considering aspect phrase representation as well as context representation. First, leveraging...
computer science
15,015
Investigation of the Zipf-plot of the extinct Meroitic language
cs.CL
The ancient and extinct language Meroitic is investigated using Zipf's Law. In particular, since Meroitic is still undeciphered, the Zipf law analysis allows us to assess the quality of current texts and possible avenues for future investigation using statistical techniques.
computer science
15,016
What It Feels Like To Hear Voices: Fond Memories of Julian Jaynes
cs.CL
Julian Jaynes's profound humanitarian convictions not only prevented him from going to war, but would have prevented him from ever kicking a dog. Yet according to his theory, not only are language-less dogs unconscious, but so too were the speaking/hearing Greeks in the Bicameral Era, when they heard gods' voices telli...
computer science
15,017
Constructing word similarities in Meroitic as an aid to decipherment
cs.CL
Meroitic is the still undeciphered language of the ancient civilization of Kush. Over the years, various techniques for decipherment such as finding a bilingual text or cognates from modern or other ancient languages in the Sudan and surrounding areas has not been successful. Using techniques borrowed from information ...
computer science
15,018
Open architecture for multilingual parallel texts
cs.CL
Multilingual parallel texts (abbreviated to parallel texts) are linguistic versions of the same content ("translations"); e.g., the Maastricht Treaty in English and Spanish are parallel texts. This document is about creating an open architecture for the whole Authoring, Translation and Publishing Chain (ATP-chain) for ...
computer science
15,019
Inference and Plausible Reasoning in a Natural Language Understanding System Based on Object-Oriented Semantics
cs.CL
Algorithms of inference in a computer system oriented to input and semantic processing of text information are presented. Such inference is necessary for logical questions when the direct comparison of objects from a question and database can not give a result. The following classes of problems are considered: a check ...
computer science
15,020
Considering a resource-light approach to learning verb valencies
cs.CL
Here we describe work on learning the subcategories of verbs in a morphologically rich language using only minimal linguistic resources. Our goal is to learn verb subcategorizations for Quechua, an under-resourced morphologically rich language, from an unannotated corpus. We compare results from applying this approach ...
computer science
15,021
Beyond Sentiment: The Manifold of Human Emotions
cs.CL
Sentiment analysis predicts the presence of positive or negative emotions in a text document. In this paper we consider higher dimensional extensions of the sentiment concept, which represent a richer set of human emotions. Our approach goes beyond previous work in that our model contains a continuous manifold rather t...
computer science
15,022
Realisation d'un systeme de reconnaissance automatique de la parole arabe base sur CMU Sphinx
cs.CL
This paper presents the continuation of the work completed by Satori and all. [SCH07] by the realization of an automatic speech recognition system (ASR) for Arabic language based SPHINX 4 system. The previous work was limited to the recognition of the first ten digits, whereas the present work is a remarkable projectio...
computer science
15,023
Language Acquisition in Computers
cs.CL
This project explores the nature of language acquisition in computers, guided by techniques similar to those used in children. While existing natural language processing methods are limited in scope and understanding, our system aims to gain an understanding of language from first principles and hence minimal initial i...
computer science
15,024
UNL Based Bangla Natural Text Conversion - Predicate Preserving Parser Approach
cs.CL
Universal Networking Language (UNL) is a declarative formal language that is used to represent semantic data extracted from natural language texts. This paper presents a novel approach to converting Bangla natural language text into UNL using a method known as Predicate Preserving Parser (PPP) technique. PPP performs m...
computer science
15,025
Hedge detection as a lens on framing in the GMO debates: A position paper
cs.CL
Understanding the ways in which participants in public discussions frame their arguments is important in understanding how public opinion is formed. In this paper, we adopt the position that it is time for more computationally-oriented research on problems involving framing. In the interests of furthering that goal, we...
computer science
15,026
Developing a model for a text database indexed pedagogically for teaching the Arabic language
cs.CL
In this memory we made the design of an indexing model for Arabic language and adapting standards for describing learning resources used (the LOM and their application profiles) with learning conditions such as levels education of students, their levels of understanding...the pedagogical context with taking into accoun...
computer science
15,027
BADREX: In situ expansion and coreference of biomedical abbreviations using dynamic regular expressions
cs.CL
BADREX uses dynamically generated regular expressions to annotate term definition-term abbreviation pairs, and corefers unpaired acronyms and abbreviations back to their initial definition in the text. Against the Medstract corpus BADREX achieves precision and recall of 98% and 97%, and against a much larger corpus, 90...
computer science
15,028
TempEval-3: Evaluating Events, Time Expressions, and Temporal Relations
cs.CL
We describe the TempEval-3 task which is currently in preparation for the SemEval-2013 evaluation exercise. The aim of TempEval is to advance research on temporal information processing. TempEval-3 follows on from previous TempEval events, incorporating: a three-part task structure covering event, temporal expression a...
computer science
15,029
Using external sources of bilingual information for on-the-fly word alignment
cs.CL
In this paper we present a new and simple language-independent method for word-alignment based on the use of external sources of bilingual information such as machine translation systems. We show that the few parameters of the aligner can be trained on a very small corpus, which leads to results comparable to those obt...
computer science
15,030
Identifying Metaphor Hierarchies in a Corpus Analysis of Finance Articles
cs.CL
Using a corpus of over 17,000 financial news reports (involving over 10M words), we perform an analysis of the argument-distributions of the UP- and DOWN-verbs used to describe movements of indices, stocks, and shares. Using measures of the overlap in the argument distributions of these verbs and k-means clustering of ...
computer science
15,031
Identifying Metaphoric Antonyms in a Corpus Analysis of Finance Articles
cs.CL
Using a corpus of 17,000+ financial news reports (involving over 10M words), we perform an analysis of the argument-distributions of the UP and DOWN verbs used to describe movements of indices, stocks and shares. In Study 1 participants identified antonyms of these verbs in a free-response task and a matching task from...
computer science
15,032
Diachronic Variation in Grammatical Relations
cs.CL
We present a method of finding and analyzing shifts in grammatical relations found in diachronic corpora. Inspired by the econometric technique of measuring return and volatility instead of relative frequencies, we propose them as a way to better characterize changes in grammatical patterns like nominalization, modific...
computer science
15,033
Assessing Sentiment Strength in Words Prior Polarities
cs.CL
Many approaches to sentiment analysis rely on lexica where words are tagged with their prior polarity - i.e. if a word out of context evokes something positive or something negative. In particular, broad-coverage resources like SentiWordNet provide polarities for (almost) every word. Since words can have multiple sense...
computer science
15,034
Natural Language Understanding Based on Semantic Relations between Sentences
cs.CL
In this paper, we define event expression over sentences of natural language and semantic relations between events. Based on this definition, we formally consider text understanding process having events as basic unit.
computer science
15,035
Large Scale Distributed Acoustic Modeling With Back-off N-grams
cs.CL
The paper revives an older approach to acoustic modeling that borrows from n-gram language modeling in an attempt to scale up both the amount of training data and model size (as measured by the number of parameters in the model), to approximately 100 times larger than current sizes used in automatic speech recognition....
computer science
15,036
Towards the Rapid Development of a Natural Language Understanding Module
cs.CL
When developing a conversational agent, there is often an urgent need to have a prototype available in order to test the application with real users. A Wizard of Oz is a possibility, but sometimes the agent should be simply deployed in the environment where it will be used. Here, the agent should be able to capture as ...
computer science
15,037
Sémantique des déterminants dans un cadre richement typé
cs.CL
The variation of word meaning according to the context leads us to enrich the type system of our syntactical and semantic analyser of French based on categorial grammars and Montague semantics (or lambda-DRT). The main advantage of a deep semantic analyse is too represent meaning by logical formulae that can be easily ...
computer science
15,038
Lexical Access for Speech Understanding using Minimum Message Length Encoding
cs.CL
The Lexical Access Problem consists of determining the intended sequence of words corresponding to an input sequence of phonemes (basic speech sounds) that come from a low-level phoneme recognizer. In this paper we present an information-theoretic approach based on the Minimum Message Length Criterion for solving the L...
computer science
15,039
Building a reordering system using tree-to-string hierarchical model
cs.CL
This paper describes our submission to the First Workshop on Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation. We have decided to build a reordering system based on tree-to-string model, using only publicly available tools to accomplish this task. With the provided training data we have built a translation model using Mo...
computer science
15,040
Termhood-based Comparability Metrics of Comparable Corpus in Special Domain
cs.CL
Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and machine translation (MT) resources, such as dictionaries and parallel corpora, are scarce and hard to come by for special domains. Besides, these resources are just limited to a few languages, such as English, French, and Spanish and so on. So, obtaining comparable corpor...
computer science
15,041
Bilingual Terminology Extraction Using Multi-level Termhood
cs.CL
Purpose: Terminology is the set of technical words or expressions used in specific contexts, which denotes the core concept in a formal discipline and is usually applied in the fields of machine translation, information retrieval, information extraction and text categorization, etc. Bilingual terminology extraction pla...
computer science
15,042
Towards a Semantic-based Approach for Modeling Regulatory Documents in Building Industry
cs.CL
Regulations in the Building Industry are becoming increasingly complex and involve more than one technical area. They cover products, components and project implementation. They also play an important role to ensure the quality of a building, and to minimize its environmental impact. In this paper, we are particularly ...
computer science
15,043
Probabilistic Frame Induction
cs.CL
In natural-language discourse, related events tend to appear near each other to describe a larger scenario. Such structures can be formalized by the notion of a frame (a.k.a. template), which comprises a set of related events and prototypical participants and event transitions. Identifying frames is a prerequisite for ...
computer science
15,044
NLP and CALL: integration is working
cs.CL
In the first part of this article, we explore the background of computer-assisted learning from its beginnings in the early XIXth century and the first teaching machines, founded on theories of learning, at the start of the XXth century. With the arrival of the computer, it became possible to offer language learners di...
computer science
15,045
Role of temporal inference in the recognition of textual inference
cs.CL
This project is a part of nature language processing and its aims to develop a system of recognition inference text-appointed TIMINF. This type of system can detect, given two portions of text, if a text is semantically deducted from the other. We focused on making the inference time in this type of system. For that we...
computer science
15,046
Ending-based Strategies for Part-of-speech Tagging
cs.CL
Probabilistic approaches to part-of-speech tagging rely primarily on whole-word statistics about word/tag combinations as well as contextual information. But experience shows about 4 per cent of tokens encountered in test sets are unknown even when the training set is as large as a million words. Unseen words are tagge...
computer science
15,047
New Alignment Methods for Discriminative Book Summarization
cs.CL
We consider the unsupervised alignment of the full text of a book with a human-written summary. This presents challenges not seen in other text alignment problems, including a disparity in length and, consequent to this, a violation of the expectation that individual words and phrases should align, since large passages...
computer science
15,048
Rule-Based Semantic Tagging. An Application Undergoing Dictionary Glosses
cs.CL
The project presented in this article aims to formalize criteria and procedures in order to extract semantic information from parsed dictionary glosses. The actual purpose of the project is the generation of a semantic network (nearly an ontology) issued from a monolingual Italian dictionary, through unsupervised proce...
computer science
15,049
Binary Tree based Chinese Word Segmentation
cs.CL
Chinese word segmentation is a fundamental task for Chinese language processing. The granularity mismatch problem is the main cause of the errors. This paper showed that the binary tree representation can store outputs with different granularity. A binary tree based framework is also designed to overcome the granularit...
computer science
15,050
A probabilistic framework for analysing the compositionality of conceptual combinations
cs.CL
Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrases utilized in everyday language. This article provides a novel probabilistic framework for assessing whether the semantics of conceptual combinations are compositional, and so can be considered as a function of the semantic...
computer science
15,051
An Inventory of Preposition Relations
cs.CL
We describe an inventory of semantic relations that are expressed by prepositions. We define these relations by building on the word sense disambiguation task for prepositions and propose a mapping from preposition senses to the relation labels by collapsing semantically related senses across prepositions.
computer science
15,052
Reduce Meaningless Words for Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-speech Tagging
cs.CL
Conventional statistics-based methods for joint Chinese word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging (S&T) have generalization ability to recognize new words that do not appear in the training data. An undesirable side effect is that a number of meaningless words will be incorrectly created. We propose an effective and...
computer science
15,053
Development of a Hindi Lemmatizer
cs.CL
We live in a translingual society, in order to communicate with people from different parts of the world we need to have an expertise in their respective languages. Learning all these languages is not at all possible; therefore we need a mechanism which can do this task for us. Machine translators have emerged as a too...
computer science
15,054
Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine: A Unified System Architecture Overview
cs.CL
In modern electronic medical records (EMR) much of the clinically important data - signs and symptoms, symptom severity, disease status, etc. - are not provided in structured data fields, but rather are encoded in clinician generated narrative text. Natural language processing (NLP) provides a means of "unlocking" this...
computer science
15,055
Multi-Topic Multi-Document Summarizer
cs.CL
Current multi-document summarization systems can successfully extract summary sentences, however with many limitations including: low coverage, inaccurate extraction to important sentences, redundancy and poor coherence among the selected sentences. The present study introduces a new concept of centroid approach and re...
computer science
15,056
Plurals: individuals and sets in a richly typed semantics
cs.CL
We developed a type-theoretical framework for natural lan- guage semantics that, in addition to the usual Montagovian treatment of compositional semantics, includes a treatment of some phenomena of lex- ical semantic: coercions, meaning, transfers, (in)felicitous co-predication. In this setting we see how the various r...
computer science
15,057
Effective Slot Filling Based on Shallow Distant Supervision Methods
cs.CL
Spoken Language Systems at Saarland University (LSV) participated this year with 5 runs at the TAC KBP English slot filling track. Effective algorithms for all parts of the pipeline, from document retrieval to relation prediction and response post-processing, are bundled in a modular end-to-end relation extraction syst...
computer science
15,058
The semantic similarity ensemble
cs.CL
Computational measures of semantic similarity between geographic terms provide valuable support across geographic information retrieval, data mining, and information integration. To date, a wide variety of approaches to geo-semantic similarity have been devised. A judgment of similarity is not intrinsically right or wr...
computer science
15,059
Towards a Generic Framework for the Development of Unicode Based Digital Sindhi Dictionaries
cs.CL
Dictionaries are essence of any language providing vital linguistic recourse for the language learners, researchers and scholars. This paper focuses on the methodology and techniques used in developing software architecture for a UBSESD (Unicode Based Sindhi to English and English to Sindhi Dictionary). The proposed sy...
computer science
15,060
Dictionary-Based Concept Mining: An Application for Turkish
cs.CL
In this study, a dictionary-based method is used to extract expressive concepts from documents. So far, there have been many studies concerning concept mining in English, but this area of study for Turkish, an agglutinative language, is still immature. We used dictionary instead of WordNet, a lexical database grouping ...
computer science
15,061
A survey of methods to ease the development of highly multilingual text mining applications
cs.CL
Multilingual text processing is useful because the information content found in different languages is complementary, both regarding facts and opinions. While Information Extraction and other text mining software can, in principle, be developed for many languages, most text analysis tools have only been applied to smal...
computer science
15,062
ONTS: "Optima" News Translation System
cs.CL
We propose a real-time machine translation system that allows users to select a news category and to translate the related live news articles from Arabic, Czech, Danish, Farsi, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish into English. The Moses-based system was optimised for the news domain and dif...
computer science
15,063
Hrebs and Cohesion Chains as similar tools for semantic text properties research
cs.CL
In this study it is proven that the Hrebs used in Denotation analysis of texts and Cohesion Chains (defined as a fusion between Lexical Chains and Coreference Chains) represent similar linguistic tools. This result gives us the possibility to extend to Cohesion Chains (CCs) some important indicators as, for example the...
computer science
15,064
Generalized Biwords for Bitext Compression and Translation Spotting
cs.CL
Large bilingual parallel texts (also known as bitexts) are usually stored in a compressed form, and previous work has shown that they can be more efficiently compressed if the fact that the two texts are mutual translations is exploited. For example, a bitext can be seen as a sequence of biwords ---pairs of parallel wo...
computer science
15,065
Sentence Compression as Tree Transduction
cs.CL
This paper presents a tree-to-tree transduction method for sentence compression. Our model is based on synchronous tree substitution grammar, a formalism that allows local distortion of the tree topology and can thus naturally capture structural mismatches. We describe an algorithm for decoding in this framework and sh...
computer science
15,066
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection for Semantic Roles
cs.CL
This article considers the task of automatically inducing role-semantic annotations in the FrameNet paradigm for new languages. We propose a general framework that is based on annotation projection, phrased as a graph optimization problem. It is relatively inexpensive and has the potential to reduce the human effort in...
computer science
15,067
Multilingual Part-of-Speech Tagging: Two Unsupervised Approaches
cs.CL
We demonstrate the effectiveness of multilingual learning for unsupervised part-of-speech tagging. The central assumption of our work is that by combining cues from multiple languages, the structure of each becomes more apparent. We consider two ways of applying this intuition to the problem of unsupervised part-of-spe...
computer science
15,068
Unsupervised Methods for Determining Object and Relation Synonyms on the Web
cs.CL
The task of identifying synonymous relations and objects, or synonym resolution, is critical for high-quality information extraction. This paper investigates synonym resolution in the context of unsupervised information extraction, where neither hand-tagged training examples nor domain knowledge is available. The paper...
computer science
15,069
Wikipedia-based Semantic Interpretation for Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
Adequate representation of natural language semantics requires access to vast amounts of common sense and domain-specific world knowledge. Prior work in the field was based on purely statistical techniques that did not make use of background knowledge, on limited lexicographic knowledge bases such as WordNet, or on hug...
computer science
15,070
Identification of Pleonastic It Using the Web
cs.CL
In a significant minority of cases, certain pronouns, especially the pronoun it, can be used without referring to any specific entity. This phenomenon of pleonastic pronoun usage poses serious problems for systems aiming at even a shallow understanding of natural language texts. In this paper, a novel approach is propo...
computer science
15,071
Text Relatedness Based on a Word Thesaurus
cs.CL
The computation of relatedness between two fragments of text in an automated manner requires taking into account a wide range of factors pertaining to the meaning the two fragments convey, and the pairwise relations between their words. Without doubt, a measure of relatedness between text segments must take into accoun...
computer science
15,072
Inferring Shallow-Transfer Machine Translation Rules from Small Parallel Corpora
cs.CL
This paper describes a method for the automatic inference of structural transfer rules to be used in a shallow-transfer machine translation (MT) system from small parallel corpora. The structural transfer rules are based on alignment templates, like those used in statistical MT. Alignment templates are extracted from s...
computer science
15,073
Integrative Semantic Dependency Parsing via Efficient Large-scale Feature Selection
cs.CL
Semantic parsing, i.e., the automatic derivation of meaning representation such as an instantiated predicate-argument structure for a sentence, plays a critical role in deep processing of natural language. Unlike all other top systems of semantic dependency parsing that have to rely on a pipeline framework to chain up ...
computer science
15,074
Identifying Bengali Multiword Expressions using Semantic Clustering
cs.CL
One of the key issues in both natural language understanding and generation is the appropriate processing of Multiword Expressions (MWEs). MWEs pose a huge problem to the precise language processing due to their idiosyncratic nature and diversity in lexical, syntactical and semantic properties. The semantics of a MWE c...
computer science
15,075
A Statistical Parsing Framework for Sentiment Classification
cs.CL
We present a statistical parsing framework for sentence-level sentiment classification in this article. Unlike previous works that employ syntactic parsing results for sentiment analysis, we develop a statistical parser to directly analyze the sentiment structure of a sentence. We show that complicated phenomena in sen...
computer science
15,076
Automatic Aggregation by Joint Modeling of Aspects and Values
cs.CL
We present a model for aggregation of product review snippets by joint aspect identification and sentiment analysis. Our model simultaneously identifies an underlying set of ratable aspects presented in the reviews of a product (e.g., sushi and miso for a Japanese restaurant) and determines the corresponding sentiment ...
computer science
15,077
Context-based Word Acquisition for Situated Dialogue in a Virtual World
cs.CL
To tackle the vocabulary problem in conversational systems, previous work has applied unsupervised learning approaches on co-occurring speech and eye gaze during interaction to automatically acquire new words. Although these approaches have shown promise, several issues related to human language behavior and human-mach...
computer science
15,078
Improving Statistical Machine Translation for a Resource-Poor Language Using Related Resource-Rich Languages
cs.CL
We propose a novel language-independent approach for improving machine translation for resource-poor languages by exploiting their similarity to resource-rich ones. More precisely, we improve the translation from a resource-poor source language X_1 into a resource-rich language Y given a bi-text containing a limited nu...
computer science
15,079
Quantifying literature quality using complexity criteria
cs.CL
We measured entropy and symbolic diversity for English and Spanish texts including literature Nobel laureates and other famous authors. Entropy, symbol diversity and symbol frequency profiles were compared for these four groups. We also built a scale sensitive to the quality of writing and evaluated its relationship wi...
computer science
15,080
Evaluating Indirect Strategies for Chinese-Spanish Statistical Machine Translation
cs.CL
Although, Chinese and Spanish are two of the most spoken languages in the world, not much research has been done in machine translation for this language pair. This paper focuses on investigating the state-of-the-art of Chinese-to-Spanish statistical machine translation (SMT), which nowadays is one of the most popular ...
computer science
15,081
Natural Language Inference for Arabic Using Extended Tree Edit Distance with Subtrees
cs.CL
Many natural language processing (NLP) applications require the computation of similarities between pairs of syntactic or semantic trees. Many researchers have used tree edit distance for this task, but this technique suffers from the drawback that it deals with single node operations only. We have extended the standar...
computer science
15,082
Topic Segmentation and Labeling in Asynchronous Conversations
cs.CL
Topic segmentation and labeling is often considered a prerequisite for higher-level conversation analysis and has been shown to be useful in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. We present two new corpora of email and blog conversations annotated with topics, and evaluate annotator reliability for the s...
computer science
15,083
The CQC Algorithm: Cycling in Graphs to Semantically Enrich and Enhance a Bilingual Dictionary
cs.CL
Bilingual machine-readable dictionaries are knowledge resources useful in many automatic tasks. However, compared to monolingual computational lexicons like WordNet, bilingual dictionaries typically provide a lower amount of structured information, such as lexical and semantic relations, and often do not cover the enti...
computer science
15,084
PR2: A Language Independent Unsupervised Tool for Personality Recognition from Text
cs.CL
We present PR2, a personality recognition system available online, that performs instance-based classification of Big5 personality types from unstructured text, using language-independent features. It has been tested on English and Italian, achieving performances up to f=.68.
computer science
15,085
Event Structure of Transitive Verb: A MARVS perspective
cs.CL
Module-Attribute Representation of Verbal Semantics (MARVS) is a theory of the representation of verbal semantics that is based on Mandarin Chinese data (Huang et al. 2000). In the MARVS theory, there are two different types of modules: Event Structure Modules and Role Modules. There are also two sets of attributes: Ev...
computer science
15,086
An evaluative baseline for geo-semantic relatedness and similarity
cs.CL
In geographic information science and semantics, the computation of semantic similarity is widely recognised as key to supporting a vast number of tasks in information integration and retrieval. By contrast, the role of geo-semantic relatedness has been largely ignored. In natural language processing, semantic relatedn...
computer science
15,087
Machine Learning of Phonologically Conditioned Noun Declensions For Tamil Morphological Generators
cs.CL
This paper presents machine learning solutions to a practical problem of Natural Language Generation (NLG), particularly the word formation in agglutinative languages like Tamil, in a supervised manner. The morphological generator is an important component of Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence. It g...
computer science
15,088
A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Methods for Verbal Autopsy Text Classification
cs.CL
A Verbal Autopsy is the record of an interview about the circumstances of an uncertified death. In developing countries, if a death occurs away from health facilities, a field-worker interviews a relative of the deceased about the circumstances of the death; this Verbal Autopsy can be reviewed off-site. We report on a ...
computer science
15,089
When Learners Surpass their Sources: Mathematical Modeling of Learning from an Inconsistent Source
cs.CL
We present a new algorithm to model and investigate the learning process of a learner mastering a set of grammatical rules from an inconsistent source. The compelling interest of human language acquisition is that the learning succeeds in virtually every case, despite the fact that the input data are formally inadequat...
computer science
15,090
Modelling the Lexicon in Unsupervised Part of Speech Induction
cs.CL
Automatically inducing the syntactic part-of-speech categories for words in text is a fundamental task in Computational Linguistics. While the performance of unsupervised tagging models has been slowly improving, current state-of-the-art systems make the obviously incorrect assumption that all tokens of a given word ty...
computer science
15,091
It's distributions all the way down!: Second order changes in statistical distributions also occur
cs.CL
The textual, big-data literature misses Bentley, OBrien, & Brocks (Bentley et als) message on distributions; it largely examines the first-order effects of how a single, signature distribution can predict population behaviour, neglecting second-order effects involving distributional shifts, either between signature dis...
computer science
15,092
Semantics, Modelling, and the Problem of Representation of Meaning -- a Brief Survey of Recent Literature
cs.CL
Over the past 50 years many have debated what representation should be used to capture the meaning of natural language utterances. Recently new needs of such representations have been raised in research. Here I survey some of the interesting representations suggested to answer for these new needs.
computer science
15,093
TBX goes TEI -- Implementing a TBX basic extension for the Text Encoding Initiative guidelines
cs.CL
This paper presents an attempt to customise the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) guidelines in order to offer the possibility to incorporate TBX (TermBase eXchange) based terminological entries within any kind of TEI documents. After presenting the general historical, conceptual and technical contexts, we describe the va...
computer science
15,094
We Tweet Like We Talk and Other Interesting Observations: An Analysis of English Communication Modalities
cs.CL
Modalities of communication for human beings are gradually increasing in number with the advent of new forms of technology. Many human beings can readily transition between these different forms of communication with little or no effort, which brings about the question: How similar are these different communication mod...
computer science
15,095
Is getting the right answer just about choosing the right words? The role of syntactically-informed features in short answer scoring
cs.CL
Developments in the educational landscape have spurred greater interest in the problem of automatically scoring short answer questions. A recent shared task on this topic revealed a fundamental divide in the modeling approaches that have been applied to this problem, with the best-performing systems split between those...
computer science
15,096
Natural Language Feature Selection via Cooccurrence
cs.CL
Specificity is important for extracting collocations, keyphrases, multi-word and index terms [Newman et al. 2012]. It is also useful for tagging, ontology construction [Ryu and Choi 2006], and automatic summarization of documents [Louis and Nenkova 2011, Chali and Hassan 2012]. Term frequency and inverse-document frequ...
computer science
15,097
Generating Music from Literature
cs.CL
We present a system, TransProse, that automatically generates musical pieces from text. TransProse uses known relations between elements of music such as tempo and scale, and the emotions they evoke. Further, it uses a novel mechanism to determine sequences of notes that capture the emotional activity in the text. The ...
computer science
15,098
HPS: a hierarchical Persian stemming method
cs.CL
In this paper, a novel hierarchical Persian stemming approach based on the Part-Of-Speech of the word in a sentence is presented. The implemented stemmer includes hash tables and several deterministic finite automata in its different levels of hierarchy for removing the prefixes and suffixes of the words. We had two in...
computer science
15,099
Semantic Unification A sheaf theoretic approach to natural language
cs.CL
Language is contextual and sheaf theory provides a high level mathematical framework to model contextuality. We show how sheaf theory can model the contextual nature of natural language and how gluing can be used to provide a global semantics for a discourse by putting together the local logical semantics of each sente...
computer science
15,100
Language Heedless of Logic - Philosophy Mindful of What? Failures of Distributive and Absorption Laws
cs.CL
Much of philosophical logic and all of philosophy of language make empirical claims about the vernacular natural language. They presume semantics under which `and' and `or' are related by the dually paired distributive and absorption laws. However, at least one of each pair of laws fails in the vernacular. `Implicature...
computer science
15,101
Measuring Global Similarity between Texts
cs.CL
We propose a new similarity measure between texts which, contrary to the current state-of-the-art approaches, takes a global view of the texts to be compared. We have implemented a tool to compute our textual distance and conducted experiments on several corpuses of texts. The experiments show that our methods can reli...
computer science