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16,602
Graph Convolutional Encoders for Syntax-aware Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
We present a simple and effective approach to incorporating syntactic structure into neural attention-based encoder-decoder models for machine translation. We rely on graph-convolutional networks (GCNs), a recent class of neural networks developed for modeling graph-structured data. Our GCNs use predicted syntactic dep...
computer science
16,603
Towards String-to-Tree Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
We present a simple method to incorporate syntactic information about the target language in a neural machine translation system by translating into linearized, lexicalized constituency trees. An experiment on the WMT16 German-English news translation task resulted in an improved BLEU score when compared to a syntax-ag...
computer science
16,604
A Neural Architecture for Generating Natural Language Descriptions from Source Code Changes
cs.CL
We propose a model to automatically describe changes introduced in the source code of a program using natural language. Our method receives as input a set of code commits, which contains both the modifications and message introduced by an user. These two modalities are used to train an encoder-decoder architecture. We ...
computer science
16,605
Learning Character-level Compositionality with Visual Features
cs.CL
Previous work has modeled the compositionality of words by creating character-level models of meaning, reducing problems of sparsity for rare words. However, in many writing systems compositionality has an effect even on the character-level: the meaning of a character is derived by the sum of its parts. In this paper, ...
computer science
16,606
Deep Joint Entity Disambiguation with Local Neural Attention
cs.CL
We propose a novel deep learning model for joint document-level entity disambiguation, which leverages learned neural representations. Key components are entity embeddings, a neural attention mechanism over local context windows, and a differentiable joint inference stage for disambiguation. Our approach thereby combin...
computer science
16,607
Automatic Disambiguation of French Discourse Connectives
cs.CL
Discourse connectives (e.g. however, because) are terms that can explicitly convey a discourse relation within a text. While discourse connectives have been shown to be an effective clue to automatically identify discourse relations, they are not always used to convey such relations, thus they should first be disambigu...
computer science
16,608
SearchQA: A New Q&A Dataset Augmented with Context from a Search Engine
cs.CL
We publicly release a new large-scale dataset, called SearchQA, for machine comprehension, or question-answering. Unlike recently released datasets, such as DeepMind CNN/DailyMail and SQuAD, the proposed SearchQA was constructed to reflect a full pipeline of general question-answering. That is, we start not from an exi...
computer science
16,609
Sentiment analysis based on rhetorical structure theory: Learning deep neural networks from discourse trees
cs.CL
Prominent applications of sentiment analysis are countless, covering areas such as marketing, customer service and communication. The conventional bag-of-words approach for measuring sentiment merely counts term frequencies; however, it neglects the position of the terms within the discourse. As a remedy, we develop a ...
computer science
16,610
Baselines and test data for cross-lingual inference
cs.CL
The recent years have seen a revival of interest in textual entailment, sparked by i) the emergence of powerful deep neural network learners for natural language processing and ii) the timely development of large-scale evaluation datasets such as SNLI. Recast as natural language inference, the problem now amounts to de...
computer science
16,611
Representing Sentences as Low-Rank Subspaces
cs.CL
Sentences are important semantic units of natural language. A generic, distributional representation of sentences that can capture the latent semantics is beneficial to multiple downstream applications. We observe a simple geometry of sentences -- the word representations of a given sentence (on average 10.23 words in ...
computer science
16,612
An Empirical Analysis of NMT-Derived Interlingual Embeddings and their Use in Parallel Sentence Identification
cs.CL
End-to-end neural machine translation has overtaken statistical machine translation in terms of translation quality for some language pairs, specially those with large amounts of parallel data. Besides this palpable improvement, neural networks provide several new properties. A single system can be trained to translate...
computer science
16,613
A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inference
cs.CL
This paper introduces the Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference (MultiNLI) corpus, a dataset designed for use in the development and evaluation of machine learning models for sentence understanding. In addition to being one of the largest corpora available for the task of NLI, at 433k examples, this corpus improves up...
computer science
16,614
Predicting Role Relevance with Minimal Domain Expertise in a Financial Domain
cs.CL
Word embeddings have made enormous inroads in recent years in a wide variety of text mining applications. In this paper, we explore a word embedding-based architecture for predicting the relevance of a role between two financial entities within the context of natural language sentences. In this extended abstract, we pr...
computer science
16,615
Dependency resolution and semantic mining using Tree Adjoining Grammars for Tamil Language
cs.CL
Tree adjoining grammars (TAGs) provide an ample tool to capture syntax of many Indian languages. Tamil represents a special challenge to computational formalisms as it has extensive agglutinative morphology and a comparatively difficult argument structure. Modelling Tamil syntax and morphology using TAG is an interesti...
computer science
16,616
Adversarial Multi-task Learning for Text Classification
cs.CL
Neural network models have shown their promising opportunities for multi-task learning, which focus on learning the shared layers to extract the common and task-invariant features. However, in most existing approaches, the extracted shared features are prone to be contaminated by task-specific features or the noise bro...
computer science
16,617
Redefining Context Windows for Word Embedding Models: An Experimental Study
cs.CL
Distributional semantic models learn vector representations of words through the contexts they occur in. Although the choice of context (which often takes the form of a sliding window) has a direct influence on the resulting embeddings, the exact role of this model component is still not fully understood. This paper pr...
computer science
16,618
Global Relation Embedding for Relation Extraction
cs.CL
Recent studies have shown that embedding textual relations using deep neural networks greatly helps relation extraction. However, many existing studies rely on supervised learning; their performance is dramatically limited by the availability of training data. In this work, we generalize textual relation embedding to t...
computer science
16,619
Cross-domain Semantic Parsing via Paraphrasing
cs.CL
Existing studies on semantic parsing mainly focus on the in-domain setting. We formulate cross-domain semantic parsing as a domain adaptation problem: train a semantic parser on some source domains and then adapt it to the target domain. Due to the diversity of logical forms in different domains, this problem presents ...
computer science
16,620
Neural End-to-End Learning for Computational Argumentation Mining
cs.CL
We investigate neural techniques for end-to-end computational argumentation mining (AM). We frame AM both as a token-based dependency parsing and as a token-based sequence tagging problem, including a multi-task learning setup. Contrary to models that operate on the argument component level, we find that framing AM as ...
computer science
16,621
Reinforcement Learning with External Knowledge and Two-Stage Q-functions for Predicting Popular Reddit Threads
cs.CL
This paper addresses the problem of predicting popularity of comments in an online discussion forum using reinforcement learning, particularly addressing two challenges that arise from having natural language state and action spaces. First, the state representation, which characterizes the history of comments tracked i...
computer science
16,622
SwellShark: A Generative Model for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition without Labeled Data
cs.CL
We present SwellShark, a framework for building biomedical named entity recognition (NER) systems quickly and without hand-labeled data. Our approach views biomedical resources like lexicons as function primitives for autogenerating weak supervision. We then use a generative model to unify and denoise this supervision ...
computer science
16,623
Improving Context Aware Language Models
cs.CL
Increased adaptability of RNN language models leads to improved predictions that benefit many applications. However, current methods do not take full advantage of the RNN structure. We show that the most widely-used approach to adaptation (concatenating the context with the word embedding at the input to the recurrent ...
computer science
16,624
Neural System Combination for Machine Translation
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT) becomes a new approach to machine translation and generates much more fluent results compared to statistical machine translation (SMT). However, SMT is usually better than NMT in translation adequacy. It is therefore a promising direction to combine the advantages of both NMT and SMT....
computer science
16,625
Improving Semantic Composition with Offset Inference
cs.CL
Count-based distributional semantic models suffer from sparsity due to unobserved but plausible co-occurrences in any text collection. This problem is amplified for models like Anchored Packed Trees (APTs), that take the grammatical type of a co-occurrence into account. We therefore introduce a novel form of distributi...
computer science
16,626
Lexical Features in Coreference Resolution: To be Used With Caution
cs.CL
Lexical features are a major source of information in state-of-the-art coreference resolvers. Lexical features implicitly model some of the linguistic phenomena at a fine granularity level. They are especially useful for representing the context of mentions. In this paper we investigate a drawback of using many lexical...
computer science
16,627
Sarcasm SIGN: Interpreting Sarcasm with Sentiment Based Monolingual Machine Translation
cs.CL
Sarcasm is a form of speech in which speakers say the opposite of what they truly mean in order to convey a strong sentiment. In other words, "Sarcasm is the giant chasm between what I say, and the person who doesn't get it.". In this paper we present the novel task of sarcasm interpretation, defined as the generation ...
computer science
16,628
Medical Text Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
We present an approach to automatically classify clinical text at a sentence level. We are using deep convolutional neural networks to represent complex features. We train the network on a dataset providing a broad categorization of health information. Through a detailed evaluation, we demonstrate that our method outpe...
computer science
16,629
Affect-LM: A Neural Language Model for Customizable Affective Text Generation
cs.CL
Human verbal communication includes affective messages which are conveyed through use of emotionally colored words. There has been a lot of research in this direction but the problem of integrating state-of-the-art neural language models with affective information remains an area ripe for exploration. In this paper, we...
computer science
16,630
Deep Multitask Learning for Semantic Dependency Parsing
cs.CL
We present a deep neural architecture that parses sentences into three semantic dependency graph formalisms. By using efficient, nearly arc-factored inference and a bidirectional-LSTM composed with a multi-layer perceptron, our base system is able to significantly improve the state of the art for semantic dependency pa...
computer science
16,631
Argument Mining with Structured SVMs and RNNs
cs.CL
We propose a novel factor graph model for argument mining, designed for settings in which the argumentative relations in a document do not necessarily form a tree structure. (This is the case in over 20% of the web comments dataset we release.) Our model jointly learns elementary unit type classification and argumentat...
computer science
16,632
Deep Keyphrase Generation
cs.CL
Keyphrase provides highly-summative information that can be effectively used for understanding, organizing and retrieving text content. Though previous studies have provided many workable solutions for automated keyphrase extraction, they commonly divided the to-be-summarized content into multiple text chunks, then ran...
computer science
16,633
Neural Machine Translation via Binary Code Prediction
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a new method for calculating the output layer in neural machine translation systems. The method is based on predicting a binary code for each word and can reduce computation time/memory requirements of the output layer to be logarithmic in vocabulary size in the best case. In addition, we also...
computer science
16,634
A* CCG Parsing with a Supertag and Dependency Factored Model
cs.CL
We propose a new A* CCG parsing model in which the probability of a tree is decomposed into factors of CCG categories and its syntactic dependencies both defined on bi-directional LSTMs. Our factored model allows the precomputation of all probabilities and runs very efficiently, while modeling sentence structures expli...
computer science
16,635
Learning to Create and Reuse Words in Open-Vocabulary Neural Language Modeling
cs.CL
Fixed-vocabulary language models fail to account for one of the most characteristic statistical facts of natural language: the frequent creation and reuse of new word types. Although character-level language models offer a partial solution in that they can create word types not attested in the training corpus, they do ...
computer science
16,636
Fast and Accurate Neural Word Segmentation for Chinese
cs.CL
Neural models with minimal feature engineering have achieved competitive performance against traditional methods for the task of Chinese word segmentation. However, both training and working procedures of the current neural models are computationally inefficient. This paper presents a greedy neural word segmenter with ...
computer science
16,637
Selective Encoding for Abstractive Sentence Summarization
cs.CL
We propose a selective encoding model to extend the sequence-to-sequence framework for abstractive sentence summarization. It consists of a sentence encoder, a selective gate network, and an attention equipped decoder. The sentence encoder and decoder are built with recurrent neural networks. The selective gate network...
computer science
16,638
Robust Incremental Neural Semantic Graph Parsing
cs.CL
Parsing sentences to linguistically-expressive semantic representations is a key goal of Natural Language Processing. Yet statistical parsing has focused almost exclusively on bilexical dependencies or domain-specific logical forms. We propose a neural encoder-decoder transition-based parser which is the first full-cov...
computer science
16,639
Learning Symmetric Collaborative Dialogue Agents with Dynamic Knowledge Graph Embeddings
cs.CL
We study a symmetric collaborative dialogue setting in which two agents, each with private knowledge, must strategically communicate to achieve a common goal. The open-ended dialogue state in this setting poses new challenges for existing dialogue systems. We collected a dataset of 11K human-human dialogues, which exhi...
computer science
16,640
Lexically Constrained Decoding for Sequence Generation Using Grid Beam Search
cs.CL
We present Grid Beam Search (GBS), an algorithm which extends beam search to allow the inclusion of pre-specified lexical constraints. The algorithm can be used with any model that generates a sequence $ \mathbf{\hat{y}} = \{y_{0}\ldots y_{T}\} $, by maximizing $ p(\mathbf{y} | \mathbf{x}) = \prod\limits_{t}p(y_{t} | \...
computer science
16,641
Found in Translation: Reconstructing Phylogenetic Language Trees from Translations
cs.CL
Translation has played an important role in trade, law, commerce, politics, and literature for thousands of years. Translators have always tried to be invisible; ideal translations should look as if they were written originally in the target language. We show that traces of the source language remain in the translation...
computer science
16,642
Watset: Automatic Induction of Synsets from a Graph of Synonyms
cs.CL
This paper presents a new graph-based approach that induces synsets using synonymy dictionaries and word embeddings. First, we build a weighted graph of synonyms extracted from commonly available resources, such as Wiktionary. Second, we apply word sense induction to deal with ambiguous words. Finally, we cluster the d...
computer science
16,643
What is the Essence of a Claim? Cross-Domain Claim Identification
cs.CL
Argument mining has become a popular research area in NLP. It typically includes the identification of argumentative components, e.g. claims, as the central component of an argument. We perform a qualitative analysis across six different datasets and show that these appear to conceptualize claims quite differently. To ...
computer science
16,644
A Trie-Structured Bayesian Model for Unsupervised Morphological Segmentation
cs.CL
In this paper, we introduce a trie-structured Bayesian model for unsupervised morphological segmentation. We adopt prior information from different sources in the model. We use neural word embeddings to discover words that are morphologically derived from each other and thereby that are semantically similar. We use let...
computer science
16,645
Predicting Native Language from Gaze
cs.CL
A fundamental question in language learning concerns the role of a speaker's first language in second language acquisition. We present a novel methodology for studying this question: analysis of eye-movement patterns in second language reading of free-form text. Using this methodology, we demonstrate for the first time...
computer science
16,646
Ruminating Reader: Reasoning with Gated Multi-Hop Attention
cs.CL
To answer the question in machine comprehension (MC) task, the models need to establish the interaction between the question and the context. To tackle the problem that the single-pass model cannot reflect on and correct its answer, we present Ruminating Reader. Ruminating Reader adds a second pass of attention and a n...
computer science
16,647
Recognizing Descriptive Wikipedia Categories for Historical Figures
cs.CL
Wikipedia is a useful knowledge source that benefits many applications in language processing and knowledge representation. An important feature of Wikipedia is that of categories. Wikipedia pages are assigned different categories according to their contents as human-annotated labels which can be used in information re...
computer science
16,648
A Challenge Set Approach to Evaluating Machine Translation
cs.CL
Neural machine translation represents an exciting leap forward in translation quality. But what longstanding weaknesses does it resolve, and which remain? We address these questions with a challenge set approach to translation evaluation and error analysis. A challenge set consists of a small set of sentences, each han...
computer science
16,649
Detecting English Writing Styles For Non Native Speakers
cs.CL
This paper presents the first attempt, up to our knowledge, to classify English writing styles on this scale with the challenge of classifying day to day language written by writers with different backgrounds covering various areas of topics.The paper proposes simple machine learning algorithms and simple to generate f...
computer science
16,650
Streaming Word Embeddings with the Space-Saving Algorithm
cs.CL
We develop a streaming (one-pass, bounded-memory) word embedding algorithm based on the canonical skip-gram with negative sampling algorithm implemented in word2vec. We compare our streaming algorithm to word2vec empirically by measuring the cosine similarity between word pairs under each algorithm and by applying each...
computer science
16,651
Adversarial Multi-Criteria Learning for Chinese Word Segmentation
cs.CL
Different linguistic perspectives causes many diverse segmentation criteria for Chinese word segmentation (CWS). Most existing methods focus on improve the performance for each single criterion. However, it is interesting to exploit these different criteria and mining their common underlying knowledge. In this paper, w...
computer science
16,652
Joint POS Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Transition-based Neural Networks
cs.CL
While part-of-speech (POS) tagging and dependency parsing are observed to be closely related, existing work on joint modeling with manually crafted feature templates suffers from the feature sparsity and incompleteness problems. In this paper, we propose an approach to joint POS tagging and dependency parsing using tra...
computer science
16,653
Automatic Compositor Attribution in the First Folio of Shakespeare
cs.CL
Compositor attribution, the clustering of pages in a historical printed document by the individual who set the type, is a bibliographic task that relies on analysis of orthographic variation and inspection of visual details of the printed page. In this paper, we introduce a novel unsupervised model that jointly describ...
computer science
16,654
Other Topics You May Also Agree or Disagree: Modeling Inter-Topic Preferences using Tweets and Matrix Factorization
cs.CL
We present in this paper our approach for modeling inter-topic preferences of Twitter users: for example, those who agree with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) also agree with free trade. This kind of knowledge is useful not only for stance detection across multiple topics but also for various real-world application...
computer science
16,655
Topically Driven Neural Language Model
cs.CL
Language models are typically applied at the sentence level, without access to the broader document context. We present a neural language model that incorporates document context in the form of a topic model-like architecture, thus providing a succinct representation of the broader document context outside of the curre...
computer science
16,656
Riemannian Optimization for Skip-Gram Negative Sampling
cs.CL
Skip-Gram Negative Sampling (SGNS) word embedding model, well known by its implementation in "word2vec" software, is usually optimized by stochastic gradient descent. However, the optimization of SGNS objective can be viewed as a problem of searching for a good matrix with the low-rank constraint. The most standard way...
computer science
16,657
Enriching Complex Networks with Word Embeddings for Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment from Speech Transcripts
cs.CL
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a mental disorder difficult to diagnose. Linguistic features, mainly from parsers, have been used to detect MCI, but this is not suitable for large-scale assessments. MCI disfluencies produce non-grammatical speech that requires manual or high precision automatic correction of transcr...
computer science
16,658
Diversity driven Attention Model for Query-based Abstractive Summarization
cs.CL
Abstractive summarization aims to generate a shorter version of the document covering all the salient points in a compact and coherent fashion. On the other hand, query-based summarization highlights those points that are relevant in the context of a given query. The encode-attend-decode paradigm has achieved notable s...
computer science
16,659
From Characters to Words to in Between: Do We Capture Morphology?
cs.CL
Words can be represented by composing the representations of subword units such as word segments, characters, and/or character n-grams. While such representations are effective and may capture the morphological regularities of words, they have not been systematically compared, and it is not understood how they interact...
computer science
16,660
Neural AMR: Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Parsing and Generation
cs.CL
Sequence-to-sequence models have shown strong performance across a broad range of applications. However, their application to parsing and generating text usingAbstract Meaning Representation (AMR)has been limited, due to the relatively limited amount of labeled data and the non-sequential nature of the AMR graphs. We p...
computer science
16,661
Question Answering on Knowledge Bases and Text using Universal Schema and Memory Networks
cs.CL
Existing question answering methods infer answers either from a knowledge base or from raw text. While knowledge base (KB) methods are good at answering compositional questions, their performance is often affected by the incompleteness of the KB. Au contraire, web text contains millions of facts that are absent in the ...
computer science
16,662
Learning Structured Natural Language Representations for Semantic Parsing
cs.CL
We introduce a neural semantic parser that converts natural language utterances to intermediate representations in the form of predicate-argument structures, which are induced with a transition system and subsequently mapped to target domains. The semantic parser is trained end-to-end using annotated logical forms or t...
computer science
16,663
Duluth at Semeval-2017 Task 7 : Puns upon a midnight dreary, Lexical Semantics for the weak and weary
cs.CL
This paper describes the Duluth systems that participated in SemEval-2017 Task 7 : Detection and Interpretation of English Puns. The Duluth systems participated in all three subtasks, and relied on methods that included word sense disambiguation and measures of semantic relatedness.
computer science
16,664
Duluth at SemEval-2017 Task 6: Language Models in Humor Detection
cs.CL
This paper describes the Duluth system that participated in SemEval-2017 Task 6 #HashtagWars: Learning a Sense of Humor. The system participated in Subtasks A and B using N-gram language models, ranking highly in the task evaluation. This paper discusses the results of our system in the development and evaluation stage...
computer science
16,665
A GRU-Gated Attention Model for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Neural machine translation (NMT) heavily relies on an attention network to produce a context vector for each target word prediction. In practice, we find that context vectors for different target words are quite similar to one another and therefore are insufficient in discriminatively predicting target words. The reaso...
computer science
16,666
A Survey of Neural Network Techniques for Feature Extraction from Text
cs.CL
This paper aims to catalyze the discussions about text feature extraction techniques using neural network architectures. The research questions discussed in the paper focus on the state-of-the-art neural network techniques that have proven to be useful tools for language processing, language generation, text classifica...
computer science
16,667
Learning a Neural Semantic Parser from User Feedback
cs.CL
We present an approach to rapidly and easily build natural language interfaces to databases for new domains, whose performance improves over time based on user feedback, and requires minimal intervention. To achieve this, we adapt neural sequence models to map utterances directly to SQL with its full expressivity, bypa...
computer science
16,668
Mapping Instructions and Visual Observations to Actions with Reinforcement Learning
cs.CL
We propose to directly map raw visual observations and text input to actions for instruction execution. While existing approaches assume access to structured environment representations or use a pipeline of separately trained models, we learn a single model to jointly reason about linguistic and visual input. We use re...
computer science
16,669
Word Affect Intensities
cs.CL
Words often convey affect -- emotions, feelings, and attitudes. Lexicons of word-affect association have applications in automatic emotion analysis and natural language generation. However, existing lexicons indicate only coarse categories of affect association. Here, for the first time, we create an affect intensity l...
computer science
16,670
How compatible are our discourse annotations? Insights from mapping RST-DT and PDTB annotations
cs.CL
Discourse-annotated corpora are an important resource for the community, but they are often annotated according to different frameworks. This makes comparison of the annotations difficult, thereby also preventing researchers from searching the corpora in a unified way, or using all annotated data jointly to train compu...
computer science
16,671
Neural Word Segmentation with Rich Pretraining
cs.CL
Neural word segmentation research has benefited from large-scale raw texts by leveraging them for pretraining character and word embeddings. On the other hand, statistical segmentation research has exploited richer sources of external information, such as punctuation, automatic segmentation and POS. We investigate the ...
computer science
16,672
Understanding and Detecting Supporting Arguments of Diverse Types
cs.CL
We investigate the problem of sentence-level supporting argument detection from relevant documents for user-specified claims. A dataset containing claims and associated citation articles is collected from online debate website idebate.org. We then manually label sentence-level supporting arguments from the documents al...
computer science
16,673
Semi-supervised sequence tagging with bidirectional language models
cs.CL
Pre-trained word embeddings learned from unlabeled text have become a standard component of neural network architectures for NLP tasks. However, in most cases, the recurrent network that operates on word-level representations to produce context sensitive representations is trained on relatively little labeled data. In ...
computer science
16,674
Lifelong Learning CRF for Supervised Aspect Extraction
cs.CL
This paper makes a focused contribution to supervised aspect extraction. It shows that if the system has performed aspect extraction from many past domains and retained their results as knowledge, Conditional Random Fields (CRF) can leverage this knowledge in a lifelong learning manner to extract in a new domain marked...
computer science
16,675
A Conditional Variational Framework for Dialog Generation
cs.CL
Deep latent variable models have been shown to facilitate the response generation for open-domain dialog systems. However, these latent variables are highly randomized, leading to uncontrollable generated responses. In this paper, we propose a framework allowing conditional response generation based on specific attribu...
computer science
16,676
Revisiting Recurrent Networks for Paraphrastic Sentence Embeddings
cs.CL
We consider the problem of learning general-purpose, paraphrastic sentence embeddings, revisiting the setting of Wieting et al. (2016b). While they found LSTM recurrent networks to underperform word averaging, we present several developments that together produce the opposite conclusion. These include training on sente...
computer science
16,677
Duluth at SemEval--2016 Task 14 : Extending Gloss Overlaps to Enrich Semantic Taxonomies
cs.CL
This paper describes the Duluth systems that participated in Task 14 of SemEval 2016, Semantic Taxonomy Enrichment. There were three related systems in the formal evaluation which are discussed here, along with numerous post--evaluation runs. All of these systems identified synonyms between WordNet and other dictionari...
computer science
16,678
Dependency Parsing with Dilated Iterated Graph CNNs
cs.CL
Dependency parses are an effective way to inject linguistic knowledge into many downstream tasks, and many practitioners wish to efficiently parse sentences at scale. Recent advances in GPU hardware have enabled neural networks to achieve significant gains over the previous best models, these models still fail to lever...
computer science
16,679
Model Transfer for Tagging Low-resource Languages using a Bilingual Dictionary
cs.CL
Cross-lingual model transfer is a compelling and popular method for predicting annotations in a low-resource language, whereby parallel corpora provide a bridge to a high-resource language and its associated annotated corpora. However, parallel data is not readily available for many languages, limiting the applicabilit...
computer science
16,680
Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
The quality of a Neural Machine Translation system depends substantially on the availability of sizable parallel corpora. For low-resource language pairs this is not the case, resulting in poor translation quality. Inspired by work in computer vision, we propose a novel data augmentation approach that targets low-frequ...
computer science
16,681
Learning Topic-Sensitive Word Representations
cs.CL
Distributed word representations are widely used for modeling words in NLP tasks. Most of the existing models generate one representation per word and do not consider different meanings of a word. We present two approaches to learn multiple topic-sensitive representations per word by using Hierarchical Dirichlet Proces...
computer science
16,682
Lancaster A at SemEval-2017 Task 5: Evaluation metrics matter: predicting sentiment from financial news headlines
cs.CL
This paper describes our participation in Task 5 track 2 of SemEval 2017 to predict the sentiment of financial news headlines for a specific company on a continuous scale between -1 and 1. We tackled the problem using a number of approaches, utilising a Support Vector Regression (SVR) and a Bidirectional Long Short-Ter...
computer science
16,683
Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply
cs.CL
This paper presents a computationally efficient machine-learned method for natural language response suggestion. Feed-forward neural networks using n-gram embedding features encode messages into vectors which are optimized to give message-response pairs a high dot-product value. An optimized search finds response sugge...
computer science
16,684
Chat Detection in an Intelligent Assistant: Combining Task-oriented and Non-task-oriented Spoken Dialogue Systems
cs.CL
Recently emerged intelligent assistants on smartphones and home electronics (e.g., Siri and Alexa) can be seen as novel hybrids of domain-specific task-oriented spoken dialogue systems and open-domain non-task-oriented ones. To realize such hybrid dialogue systems, this paper investigates determining whether or not a u...
computer science
16,685
A Teacher-Student Framework for Zero-Resource Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
While end-to-end neural machine translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress recently, it still suffers from the data scarcity problem for low-resource language pairs and domains. In this paper, we propose a method for zero-resource NMT by assuming that parallel sentences have close probabilities of generating a sent...
computer science
16,686
Modeling Source Syntax for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Even though a linguistics-free sequence to sequence model in neural machine translation (NMT) has certain capability of implicitly learning syntactic information of source sentences, this paper shows that source syntax can be explicitly incorporated into NMT effectively to provide further improvements. Specifically, we...
computer science
16,687
Entity Linking with people entity on Wikipedia
cs.CL
This paper introduces a new model that uses named entity recognition, coreference resolution, and entity linking techniques, to approach the task of linking people entities on Wikipedia people pages to their corresponding Wikipedia pages if applicable. Our task is different from general and traditional entity linking b...
computer science
16,688
A Hybrid Architecture for Multi-Party Conversational Systems
cs.CL
Multi-party Conversational Systems are systems with natural language interaction between one or more people or systems. From the moment that an utterance is sent to a group, to the moment that it is replied in the group by a member, several activities must be done by the system: utterance understanding, information sea...
computer science
16,689
On the effectiveness of feature set augmentation using clusters of word embeddings
cs.CL
Word clusters have been empirically shown to offer important performance improvements on various tasks. Despite their importance, their incorporation in the standard pipeline of feature engineering relies more on a trial-and-error procedure where one evaluates several hyper-parameters, like the number of clusters to be...
computer science
16,690
Chunk-Based Bi-Scale Decoder for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
In typical neural machine translation~(NMT), the decoder generates a sentence word by word, packing all linguistic granularities in the same time-scale of RNN. In this paper, we propose a new type of decoder for NMT, which splits the decode state into two parts and updates them in two different time-scales. Specificall...
computer science
16,691
Probabilistic Typology: Deep Generative Models of Vowel Inventories
cs.CL
Linguistic typology studies the range of structures present in human language. The main goal of the field is to discover which sets of possible phenomena are universal, and which are merely frequent. For example, all languages have vowels, while most---but not all---languages have an /u/ sound. In this paper we present...
computer science
16,692
A Finite State and Rule-based Akshara to Prosodeme (A2P) Converter in Hindi
cs.CL
This article describes a software module called Akshara to Prosodeme (A2P) converter in Hindi. It converts an input grapheme into prosedeme (sequence of phonemes with the specification of syllable boundaries and prosodic labels). The software is based on two proposed finite state machines\textemdash one for the syllabi...
computer science
16,693
Sharp Models on Dull Hardware: Fast and Accurate Neural Machine Translation Decoding on the CPU
cs.CL
Attentional sequence-to-sequence models have become the new standard for machine translation, but one challenge of such models is a significant increase in training and decoding cost compared to phrase-based systems. Here, we focus on efficient decoding, with a goal of achieving accuracy close the state-of-the-art in n...
computer science
16,694
Machine Comprehension by Text-to-Text Neural Question Generation
cs.CL
We propose a recurrent neural model that generates natural-language questions from documents, conditioned on answers. We show how to train the model using a combination of supervised and reinforcement learning. After teacher forcing for standard maximum likelihood training, we fine-tune the model using policy gradient ...
computer science
16,695
Senti17 at SemEval-2017 Task 4: Ten Convolutional Neural Network Voters for Tweet Polarity Classification
cs.CL
This paper presents Senti17 system which uses ten convolutional neural networks (ConvNet) to assign a sentiment label to a tweet. The network consists of a convolutional layer followed by a fully-connected layer and a Softmax on top. Ten instances of this network are initialized with the same word embeddings as inputs ...
computer science
16,696
Cross-lingual Distillation for Text Classification
cs.CL
Cross-lingual text classification(CLTC) is the task of classifying documents written in different languages into the same taxonomy of categories. This paper presents a novel approach to CLTC that builds on model distillation, which adapts and extends a framework originally proposed for model compression. Using soft pro...
computer science
16,697
Crowdsourcing Argumentation Structures in Chinese Hotel Reviews
cs.CL
Argumentation mining aims at automatically extracting the premises-claim discourse structures in natural language texts. There is a great demand for argumentation corpora for customer reviews. However, due to the controversial nature of the argumentation annotation task, there exist very few large-scale argumentation c...
computer science
16,698
Joint RNN Model for Argument Component Boundary Detection
cs.CL
Argument Component Boundary Detection (ACBD) is an important sub-task in argumentation mining; it aims at identifying the word sequences that constitute argument components, and is usually considered as the first sub-task in the argumentation mining pipeline. Existing ACBD methods heavily depend on task-specific knowle...
computer science
16,699
Deep Speaker: an End-to-End Neural Speaker Embedding System
cs.CL
We present Deep Speaker, a neural speaker embedding system that maps utterances to a hypersphere where speaker similarity is measured by cosine similarity. The embeddings generated by Deep Speaker can be used for many tasks, including speaker identification, verification, and clustering. We experiment with ResCNN and G...
computer science
16,700
Building Morphological Chains for Agglutinative Languages
cs.CL
In this paper, we build morphological chains for agglutinative languages by using a log-linear model for the morphological segmentation task. The model is based on the unsupervised morphological segmentation system called MorphoChains. We extend MorphoChains log linear model by expanding the candidate space recursively...
computer science
16,701
Supervised Learning of Universal Sentence Representations from Natural Language Inference Data
cs.CL
Many modern NLP systems rely on word embeddings, previously trained in an unsupervised manner on large corpora, as base features. Efforts to obtain embeddings for larger chunks of text, such as sentences, have however not been so successful. Several attempts at learning unsupervised representations of sentences have no...
computer science