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21,102
Providing Self-Aware Systems with Reflexivity
cs.AI
We propose a new type of self-aware systems inspired by ideas from higher-order theories of consciousness. First, we discussed the crucial distinction between introspection and reflexion. Then, we focus on computational reflexion as a mechanism by which a computer program can inspect its own code at every stage of the ...
computer science
21,103
Learning to Teach Reinforcement Learning Agents
cs.AI
In this article we study the transfer learning model of action advice under a budget. We focus on reinforcement learning teachers providing action advice to heterogeneous students playing the game of Pac-Man under a limited advice budget. First, we examine several critical factors affecting advice quality in this setti...
computer science
21,104
Empirical Evaluation of Abstract Argumentation: Supporting the Need for Bipolar and Probabilistic Approaches
cs.AI
In dialogical argumentation it is often assumed that the involved parties always correctly identify the intended statements posited by each other, realize all of the associated relations, conform to the three acceptability states (accepted, rejected, undecided), adjust their views when new and correct information comes...
computer science
21,105
Learning to Infer Graphics Programs from Hand-Drawn Images
cs.AI
We introduce a model that learns to convert simple hand drawings into graphics programs written in a subset of \LaTeX. The model combines techniques from deep learning and program synthesis. We learn a convolutional neural network that proposes plausible drawing primitives that explain an image. These drawing primitive...
computer science
21,106
A Vision For Continuous Automated Game Design
cs.AI
ANGELINA is an automated game design system which has previously been built as a single software block which designs games from start to finish. In this paper we outline a roadmap for the development of a new version of ANGELINA, designed to iterate on games in different ways to produce a continuous creative process th...
computer science
21,107
Cost and Actual Causation
cs.AI
I propose the purpose our concept of actual causation serves is minimizing various cost in intervention practice. Actual causation has three features: nonredundant sufficiency, continuity and abnormality; these features correspond to the minimization of exploitative cost, exploratory cost and risk cost in intervention ...
computer science
21,108
A Labelling Framework for Probabilistic Argumentation
cs.AI
The combination of argumentation and probability paves the way to new accounts of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty, thereby offering new theoretical and applicative opportunities. Due to a variety of interests, probabilistic argumentation is approached in the literature with different frameworks, pertaining to ...
computer science
21,109
Using Program Induction to Interpret Transition System Dynamics
cs.AI
Explaining and reasoning about processes which underlie observed black-box phenomena enables the discovery of causal mechanisms, derivation of suitable abstract representations and the formulation of more robust predictions. We propose to learn high level functional programs in order to represent abstract models which ...
computer science
21,110
Hierarchical Subtask Discovery With Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
cs.AI
Hierarchical reinforcement learning methods offer a powerful means of planning flexible behavior in complicated domains. However, learning an appropriate hierarchical decomposition of a domain into subtasks remains a substantial challenge. We present a novel algorithm for subtask discovery, based on the recently introd...
computer science
21,111
Balancing Explicability and Explanation in Human-Aware Planning
cs.AI
Human aware planning requires an agent to be aware of the intentions, capabilities and mental model of the human in the loop during its decision process. This can involve generating plans that are explicable to a human observer as well as the ability to provide explanations when such plans cannot be generated. This has...
computer science
21,112
Detection of Abnormal Input-Output Associations
cs.AI
We study a novel outlier detection problem that aims to identify abnormal input-output associations in data, whose instances consist of multi-dimensional input (context) and output (responses) pairs. We present our approach that works by analyzing data in the conditional (input--output) relation space, captured by a de...
computer science
21,113
Thompson Sampling Guided Stochastic Searching on the Line for Deceptive Environments with Applications to Root-Finding Problems
cs.AI
The multi-armed bandit problem forms the foundation for solving a wide range of on-line stochastic optimization problems through a simple, yet effective mechanism. One simply casts the problem as a gambler that repeatedly pulls one out of N slot machine arms, eliciting random rewards. Learning of reward probabilities i...
computer science
21,114
STARDATA: A StarCraft AI Research Dataset
cs.AI
We release a dataset of 65646 StarCraft replays that contains 1535 million frames and 496 million player actions. We provide full game state data along with the original replays that can be viewed in StarCraft. The game state data was recorded every 3 frames which ensures suitability for a wide variety of machine learn...
computer science
21,115
A Characterization of Monotone Influence Measures for Data Classification
cs.AI
In this work we focus on the following question: how important was the i-th feature in determining the outcome for a given datapoint? We identify a family of influence measures; functions that, given a datapoint x, assign a value phi_i(x) to every feature i, which roughly corresponds to that i's importance in determini...
computer science
21,116
Investigating Reinforcement Learning Agents for Continuous State Space Environments
cs.AI
Given an environment with continuous state spaces and discrete actions, we investigate using a Double Deep Q-learning Reinforcement Agent to find optimal policies using the LunarLander-v2 OpenAI gym environment.
computer science
21,117
Decoupled Learning of Environment Characteristics for Safe Exploration
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning is a proven technique for an agent to learn a task. However, when learning a task using reinforcement learning, the agent cannot distinguish the characteristics of the environment from those of the task. This makes it harder to transfer skills between tasks in the same environment. Furthermore, t...
computer science
21,118
Measuring Inconsistency in Argument Graphs
cs.AI
There have been a number of developments in measuring inconsistency in logic-based representations of knowledge. In contrast, the development of inconsistency measures for computational models of argument has been limited. To address this shortcoming, this paper provides a general framework for measuring inconsistency ...
computer science
21,119
Addendum to: Summary Information for Reasoning About Hierarchical Plans
cs.AI
Hierarchically structured agent plans are important for efficient planning and acting, and they also serve (among other things) to produce "richer" classical plans, composed not just of a sequence of primitive actions, but also "abstract" ones representing the supplied hierarchies. A crucial step for this and other app...
computer science
21,120
Tosca: Operationalizing Commitments Over Information Protocols
cs.AI
The notion of commitment is widely studied as a high-level abstraction for modeling multiagent interaction. An important challenge is supporting flexible decentralized enactments of commitment specifications. In this paper, we combine recent advances on specifying commitments and information protocols. Specifically, we...
computer science
21,121
Thinking, Fast and Slow: Combining Vector Spaces and Knowledge Graphs
cs.AI
Knowledge graphs and vector space models are robust knowledge representation techniques with individual strengths and weaknesses. Vector space models excel at determining similarity between concepts, but are severely constrained when evaluating complex dependency relations and other logic-based operations that are a st...
computer science
21,122
Understanding and Visualizing the District of Columbia Capital Bikeshare System Using Data Analysis for Balancing Purposes
cs.AI
Bike sharing systems' popularity has consistently been rising during the past years. Managing and maintaining these emerging systems are indispensable parts of these systems. Visualizing the current operations can assist in getting a better grasp on the performance of the system. In this paper, a data mining approach i...
computer science
21,123
Benchmark Environments for Multitask Learning in Continuous Domains
cs.AI
As demand drives systems to generalize to various domains and problems, the study of multitask, transfer and lifelong learning has become an increasingly important pursuit. In discrete domains, performance on the Atari game suite has emerged as the de facto benchmark for assessing multitask learning. However, in contin...
computer science
21,124
New Ideas for Brain Modelling 4
cs.AI
This paper continues the research that considers a new cognitive model based strongly on the human brain. In particular, it considers the neural binding structure of an earlier paper. It also describes some new methods in the areas of image processing and behaviour simulation. The work is all based on earlier research ...
computer science
21,125
Maximum A Posteriori Inference in Sum-Product Networks
cs.AI
Sum-product networks (SPNs) are a class of probabilistic graphical models that allow tractable marginal inference. However, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) inference in SPNs is NP-hard. We investigate MAP inference in SPNs from both theoretical and algorithmic perspectives. For the theoretical part, we reduce general MA...
computer science
21,126
TheoSea: Marching Theory to Light
cs.AI
There is sufficient information in the far-field of a radiating dipole antenna to rediscover the Maxwell Equations and the wave equations of light, including the speed of light $c.$ TheoSea is a Julia program that does this in about a second, and the key insight is that the compactness of theories drives the search. Th...
computer science
21,127
Visualizing and Exploring Dynamic High-Dimensional Datasets with LION-tSNE
cs.AI
T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) is a popular and prize-winning approach for dimensionality reduction and visualizing high-dimensional data. However, tSNE is non-parametric: once visualization is built, tSNE is not designed to incorporate additional data into existing representation. It highly limits ...
computer science
21,128
The Size of a Hyperball in a Conceptual Space
cs.AI
The cognitive framework of conceptual spaces [3] provides geometric means for representing knowledge. A conceptual space is a high-dimensional space whose dimensions are partitioned into so-called domains. Within each domain, the Euclidean metric is used to compute distances. Distances in the overall space are computed...
computer science
21,129
A Survey of Parallel A*
cs.AI
A* is a best-first search algorithm for finding optimal-cost paths in graphs. A* benefits significantly from parallelism because in many applications, A* is limited by memory usage, so distributed memory implementations of A* that use all of the aggregate memory on the cluster enable problems that can not be solved by ...
computer science
21,130
General AI Challenge - Round One: Gradual Learning
cs.AI
The General AI Challenge is an initiative to encourage the wider artificial intelligence community to focus on important problems in building intelligent machines with more general scope than is currently possible. The challenge comprises of multiple rounds, with the first round focusing on gradual learning, i.e. the a...
computer science
21,131
On Ensuring that Intelligent Machines Are Well-Behaved
cs.AI
Machine learning algorithms are everywhere, ranging from simple data analysis and pattern recognition tools used across the sciences to complex systems that achieve super-human performance on various tasks. Ensuring that they are well-behaved---that they do not, for example, cause harm to humans or act in a racist or s...
computer science
21,132
Exploring Directional Path-Consistency for Solving Constraint Networks
cs.AI
Among the local consistency techniques used for solving constraint networks, path-consistency (PC) has received a great deal of attention. However, enforcing PC is computationally expensive and sometimes even unnecessary. Directional path-consistency (DPC) is a weaker notion of PC that considers a given variable orderi...
computer science
21,133
Applying Deep Bidirectional LSTM and Mixture Density Network for Basketball Trajectory Prediction
cs.AI
Data analytics helps basketball teams to create tactics. However, manual data collection and analytics are costly and ineffective. Therefore, we applied a deep bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and mixture density network (MDN) approach. This model is not only capable of predicting a basketball trajectory ba...
computer science
21,134
Solving a New 3D Bin Packing Problem with Deep Reinforcement Learning Method
cs.AI
In this paper, a new type of 3D bin packing problem (BPP) is proposed, in which a number of cuboid-shaped items must be put into a bin one by one orthogonally. The objective is to find a way to place these items that can minimize the surface area of the bin. This problem is based on the fact that there is no fixed-size...
computer science
21,135
Analysis of the Impact of Negative Sampling on Link Prediction in Knowledge Graphs
cs.AI
Knowledge graphs are large, useful, but incomplete knowledge repositories. They encode knowledge through entities and relations which define each other through the connective structure of the graph. This has inspired methods for the joint embedding of entities and relations in continuous low-dimensional vector spaces, ...
computer science
21,136
A Survey of Human Activity Recognition Using WiFi CSI
cs.AI
In this article, we present a survey of recent advances in passive human behaviour recognition in indoor areas using the channel state information (CSI) of commercial WiFi systems. Movement of human body causes a change in the wireless signal reflections, which results in variations in the CSI. By analyzing the data st...
computer science
21,137
Learning Generalized Reactive Policies using Deep Neural Networks
cs.AI
We consider the problem of learning for planning, where knowledge acquired while planning is reused to plan faster in new problem instances. For robotic tasks, among others, plan execution can be captured as a sequence of visual images. For such domains, we propose to use deep neural networks in learning for planning, ...
computer science
21,138
Subspace Approximation for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in NLP
cs.AI
Most natural language processing tasks can be formulated as the approximated nearest neighbor search problem, such as word analogy, document similarity, machine translation. Take the question-answering task as an example, given a question as the query, the goal is to search its nearest neighbor in the training dataset ...
computer science
21,139
Accelerating Dependency Graph Learning from Heterogeneous Categorical Event Streams via Knowledge Transfer
cs.AI
Dependency graph, as a heterogeneous graph representing the intrinsic relationships between different pairs of system entities, is essential to many data analysis applications, such as root cause diagnosis, intrusion detection, etc. Given a well-trained dependency graph from a source domain and an immature dependency g...
computer science
21,140
Deep Learning for Video Game Playing
cs.AI
In this article, we review recent Deep Learning advances in the context of how they have been applied to play different types of video games such as first-person shooters, arcade games, and real-time strategy games. We analyze the unique requirements that different game genres pose to a deep learning system and highlig...
computer science
21,141
Deep Style Match for Complementary Recommendation
cs.AI
Humans develop a common sense of style compatibility between items based on their attributes. We seek to automatically answer questions like "Does this shirt go well with that pair of jeans?" In order to answer these kinds of questions, we attempt to model human sense of style compatibility in this paper. The basic ass...
computer science
21,142
Plausibility and probability in deductive reasoning
cs.AI
We consider the problem of rational uncertainty about unproven mathematical statements, which G\"odel and others have remarked on. Using Bayesian-inspired arguments we build a normative model of fair bets under deductive uncertainty which draws from both probability and the theory of algorithms. We comment on connectio...
computer science
21,143
Disintegration and Bayesian Inversion, Both Abstractly and Concretely
cs.AI
The notions of disintegration and Bayesian inversion are fundamental in conditional probability theory. They produce channels, as conditional probabilities, from a joint state, or from an already given channel (in opposite direction). These notions exist in the literature, in concrete situations, but are presented here...
computer science
21,144
Difficulty-level Modeling of Ontology-based Factual Questions
cs.AI
Semantics based knowledge representations such as ontologies are found to be very useful in automatically generating meaningful factual questions. Determining the difficulty level of these system generated questions is helpful to effectively utilize them in various educational and professional applications. The existin...
computer science
21,145
A Computer Composes A Fabled Problem: Four Knights vs. Queen
cs.AI
We explain how the prototype automatic chess problem composer, Chesthetica, successfully composed a rare and interesting chess problem using the new Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate (DSNS) computational creativity approach. This problem represents a greater challenge from a creative standpoint because the checkmate is...
computer science
21,146
BOOK: Storing Algorithm-Invariant Episodes for Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We introduce a novel method to train agents of reinforcement learning (RL) by sharing knowledge in a way similar to the concept of using a book. The recorded information in the form of a book is the main means by which humans learn knowledge. Nevertheless, the conventional deep RL methods have mainly focused either on ...
computer science
21,147
Active Exploration for Learning Symbolic Representations
cs.AI
We introduce an online active exploration algorithm for data-efficiently learning an abstract symbolic model of an environment. Our algorithm is divided into two parts: the first part quickly generates an intermediate Bayesian symbolic model from the data that the agent has collected so far, which the agent can then us...
computer science
21,148
Knowledge Transfer Between Artificial Intelligence Systems
cs.AI
We consider the fundamental question: how a legacy "student" Artificial Intelligent (AI) system could learn from a legacy "teacher" AI system or a human expert without complete re-training and, most importantly, without requiring significant computational resources. Here "learning" is understood as an ability of one sy...
computer science
21,149
Object-Oriented Knowledge Extraction using Universal Exploiters
cs.AI
This paper contains analysis and extension of exploiters-based knowledge extraction methods, which allow generation of new knowledge, based on the basic ones. The main achievement of the paper is useful features of some universal exploiters proof, which allow extending set of basic classes and set of basic relations by...
computer science
21,150
Computational Machines in a Coexistence with Concrete Universals and Data Streams
cs.AI
We discuss that how the majority of traditional modeling approaches are following the idealism point of view in scientific modeling, which follow the set theoretical notions of models based on abstract universals. We show that while successful in many classical modeling domains, there are fundamental limits to the appl...
computer science
21,151
Combining Strategic Learning and Tactical Search in Real-Time Strategy Games
cs.AI
A commonly used technique for managing AI complexity in real-time strategy (RTS) games is to use action and/or state abstractions. High-level abstractions can often lead to good strategic decision making, but tactical decision quality may suffer due to lost details. A competing method is to sample the search space whic...
computer science
21,152
Ultimate Intelligence Part III: Measures of Intelligence, Perception and Intelligent Agents
cs.AI
We propose that operator induction serves as an adequate model of perception. We explain how to reduce universal agent models to operator induction. We propose a universal measure of operator induction fitness, and show how it can be used in a reinforcement learning model and a homeostasis (self-preserving) agent based...
computer science
21,153
Specious rules: an efficient and effective unifying method for removing misleading and uninformative patterns in association rule mining
cs.AI
We present theoretical analysis and a suite of tests and procedures for addressing a broad class of redundant and misleading association rules we call \emph{specious rules}. Specious dependencies, also known as \emph{spurious}, \emph{apparent}, or \emph{illusory associations}, refer to a well-known phenomenon where mar...
computer science
21,154
Explore, Exploit or Listen: Combining Human Feedback and Policy Model to Speed up Deep Reinforcement Learning in 3D Worlds
cs.AI
We describe a method to use discrete human feedback to enhance the performance of deep learning agents in virtual three-dimensional environments by extending deep-reinforcement learning to model the confidence and consistency of human feedback. This enables deep reinforcement learning algorithms to determine the most a...
computer science
21,155
Probability Reversal and the Disjunction Effect in Reasoning Systems
cs.AI
Data based judgments go into artificial intelligence applications but they undergo paradoxical reversal when seemingly unnecessary additional data is provided. Examples of this are Simpson's reversal and the disjunction effect where the beliefs about the data change once it is presented or aggregated differently. Somet...
computer science
21,156
Conflict management in information fusion with belief functions
cs.AI
In Information fusion, the conflict is an important concept. Indeed, combining several imperfect experts or sources allows conflict. In the theory of belief functions, this notion has been discussed a lot. The mass appearing on the empty set during the conjunctive combination rule is generally considered as conflict, b...
computer science
21,157
A Comparison of Public Causal Search Packages on Linear, Gaussian Data with No Latent Variables
cs.AI
We compare Tetrad (Java) algorithms to the other public software packages BNT (Bayes Net Toolbox, Matlab), pcalg (R), bnlearn (R) on the \vanilla" task of recovering DAG structure to the extent possible from data generated recursively from linear, Gaussian structure equation models (SEMs) with no latent variables, for ...
computer science
21,158
Generating OWA weights using truncated distributions
cs.AI
Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators have been widely used in decision making these past few years. An important issue facing the OWA operators' users is the determination of the OWA weights. This paper introduces an OWA determination method based on truncated distributions that enables intuitive generation of OW...
computer science
21,159
Workflow Complexity for Collaborative Interactions: Where are the Metrics? -- A Challenge
cs.AI
In this paper, we introduce the problem of denoting and deriving the complexity of workflows (plans, schedules) in collaborative, planner-assisted settings where humans and agents are trying to jointly solve a task. The interactions -- and hence the workflows that connect the human and the agents -- may differ accordin...
computer science
21,160
When Waiting is not an Option : Learning Options with a Deliberation Cost
cs.AI
Recent work has shown that temporally extended actions (options) can be learned fully end-to-end as opposed to being specified in advance. While the problem of "how" to learn options is increasingly well understood, the question of "what" good options should be has remained elusive. We formulate our answer to what "goo...
computer science
21,161
Autonomous Extracting a Hierarchical Structure of Tasks in Reinforcement Learning and Multi-task Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning (RL), while often powerful, can suffer from slow learning speeds, particularly in high dimensional spaces. The autonomous decomposition of tasks and use of hierarchical methods hold the potential to significantly speed up learning in such domains. This paper proposes a novel practical method that...
computer science
21,162
Warmstarting of Model-based Algorithm Configuration
cs.AI
The performance of many hard combinatorial problem solvers depends strongly on their parameter settings, and since manual parameter tuning is both tedious and suboptimal the AI community has recently developed several algorithm configuration (AC) methods to automatically address this problem. While all existing AC meth...
computer science
21,163
KBLRN : End-to-End Learning of Knowledge Base Representations with Latent, Relational, and Numerical Features
cs.AI
We present KBLRN, a framework for end-to-end learning of knowledge base representations from latent, relational, and numerical features. KBLRN integrates feature types with a novel combination of neural representation learning and probabilistic product of experts models. To the best of our knowledge, KBLRN is the first...
computer science
21,164
Perspectives for Evaluating Conversational AI
cs.AI
Conversational AI systems are becoming famous in day to day lives. In this paper, we are trying to address the following key question: To identify whether design, as well as development efforts for search oriented conversational AI are successful or not.It is tricky to define 'success' in the case of conversational AI ...
computer science
21,165
Motif-based Rule Discovery for Predicting Real-valued Time Series
cs.AI
Time series prediction is of great significance in many applications and has attracted extensive attention from the data mining community. Existing work suggests that for many problems, the shape in the current time series may correlate an upcoming shape in the same or another series. Therefore, it is a promising strat...
computer science
21,166
General problem solving with category theory
cs.AI
This paper proposes a formal cognitive framework for problem solving based on category theory. We introduce cognitive categories, which are categories with exactly one morphism between any two objects. Objects in these categories are interpreted as states and morphisms as transformations between states. Moreover, cogni...
computer science
21,167
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Conversational AI
cs.AI
Deep reinforcement learning is revolutionizing the artificial intelligence field. Currently, it serves as a good starting point for constructing intelligent autonomous systems which offer a better knowledge of the visual world. It is possible to scale deep reinforcement learning with the use of deep learning and do ama...
computer science
21,168
Reinforcement Learning Based Conversational Search Assistant
cs.AI
In this work, we develop an end-to-end Reinforcement Learning based architecture for a conversational search agent to assist users in searching on an e-commerce marketplace for digital assets. Our approach caters to a search task fundamentally different from the ones which have limited search modalities where the user ...
computer science
21,169
Memory Augmented Control Networks
cs.AI
Planning problems in partially observable environments cannot be solved directly with convolutional networks and require some form of memory. But, even memory networks with sophisticated addressing schemes are unable to learn intelligent reasoning satisfactorily due to the complexity of simultaneously learning to acces...
computer science
21,170
Relational Marginal Problems: Theory and Estimation
cs.AI
In the propositional setting, the marginal problem is to find a (maximum-entropy) distribution that has some given marginals. We study this problem in a relational setting and make the following contributions. First, we compare two different notions of relational marginals. Second, we show a duality between the resulti...
computer science
21,171
Towards Cognitive-and-Immersive Systems: Experiments in a Shared (or common) Blockworld Framework
cs.AI
As computational power has continued to increase, and sensors have become more accurate, the corresponding advent of systems that are cognitive-and-immersive (CAI) has come to pass. CAI systems fall squarely into the intersection of AI with HCI/HRI: such systems interact with and assist the human agents that enter them...
computer science
21,172
Incorrigibility in the CIRL Framework
cs.AI
A value learning system has incentives to follow shutdown instructions, assuming the shutdown instruction provides information (in the technical sense) about which actions lead to valuable outcomes. However, this assumption is not robust to model mis-specification (e.g., in the case of programmer errors). We demonstrat...
computer science
21,173
Temporal Pattern Mining from Evolving Networks
cs.AI
Recently, evolving networks are becoming a suitable form to model many real-world complex systems, due to their peculiarities to represent the systems and their constituting entities, the interactions between the entities and the time-variability of their structure and properties. Designing computational models able to...
computer science
21,174
EMR-based medical knowledge representation and inference via Markov random fields and distributed representation learning
cs.AI
Objective: Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain an amount of medical knowledge which can be used for clinical decision support (CDS). Our objective is a general system that can extract and represent these knowledge contained in EMRs to support three CDS tasks: test recommendation, initial diagnosis, and treatment ...
computer science
21,175
On Compiling DNNFs without Determinism
cs.AI
State-of-the-art knowledge compilers generate deterministic subsets of DNNF, which have been recently shown to be exponentially less succinct than DNNF. In this paper, we propose a new method to compile DNNFs without enforcing determinism necessarily. Our approach is based on compiling deterministic DNNFs with the addi...
computer science
21,176
Cost Adaptation for Robust Decentralized Swarm Behaviour
cs.AI
The multi-agent swarm system is a robust paradigm which can drive efficient completion of complex tasks even under energy limitations and time constraints. However, coordination of a swarm from a centralized command center can be difficult, particularly as the swarm becomes large and spans wide ranges. Here, we leverag...
computer science
21,177
Assumption-Based Approaches to Reasoning with Priorities
cs.AI
This paper maps out the relation between different approaches for handling preferences in argumentation with strict rules and defeasible assumptions by offering translations between them. The systems we compare are: non-prioritized defeats i.e. attacks, preference-based defeats, and preference-based defeats extended wi...
computer science
21,178
Robust Optimization of Unconstrained Binary Quadratic Problems
cs.AI
In this paper we focus on the unconstrained binary quadratic optimization model, maximize x^t Qx, x binary, and consider the problem of identifying optimal solutions that are robust with respect to perturbations in the Q matrix.. We are motivated to find robust, or stable, solutions because of the uncertainty inherent ...
computer science
21,179
EB-GLS: An Improved Guided Local Search Based on the Big Valley Structure
cs.AI
Local search is a basic building block in memetic algorithms. Guided Local Search (GLS) can improve the efficiency of local search. By changing the guide function, GLS guides a local search to escape from locally optimal solutions and find better solutions. The key component of GLS is its penalizing mechanism which det...
computer science
21,180
Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Conditional Choice Probabilities
cs.AI
We make an important connection to existing results in econometrics to describe an alternative formulation of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). In particular, we describe an algorithm using Conditional Choice Probabilities (CCP), which are maximum likelihood estimates of the policy estimated from expert demonstrati...
computer science
21,181
A Comprehensive Survey of Graph Embedding: Problems, Techniques and Applications
cs.AI
Graph is an important data representation which appears in a wide diversity of real-world scenarios. Effective graph analytics provides users a deeper understanding of what is behind the data, and thus can benefit a lot of useful applications such as node classification, node recommendation, link prediction, etc. Howev...
computer science
21,182
Humanoid Robots as Agents of Human Consciousness Expansion
cs.AI
The "Loving AI" project involves developing software enabling humanoid robots to interact with people in loving and compassionate ways, and to promote people' self-understanding and self-transcendence. Currently the project centers on the Hanson Robotics robot "Sophia" -- specifically, on supplying Sophia with personal...
computer science
21,183
When Traffic Flow Prediction Meets Wireless Big Data Analytics
cs.AI
Traffic flow prediction is an important research issue for solving the traffic congestion problem in an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Traffic congestion is one of the most serious problems in a city, which can be predicted in advance by analyzing traffic flow patterns. Such prediction is possible by analyzin...
computer science
21,184
Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation and Data Storage Using Inhomogeneous Classes
cs.AI
This paper contains analysis of concept of a class within different object-oriented knowledge representation models. The main attention is paid to structure of the class and its efficiency in the context of data storage, using object-relational mapping. The main achievement of the paper is extension of concept of homog...
computer science
21,185
Prioritized Norms in Formal Argumentation
cs.AI
To resolve conflicts among norms, various nonmonotonic formalisms can be used to perform prioritized normative reasoning. Meanwhile, formal argumentation provides a way to represent nonmonotonic logics. In this paper, we propose a representation of prioritized normative reasoning by argumentation. Using hierarchical ab...
computer science
21,186
Can you fool AI with adversarial examples on a visual Turing test?
cs.AI
Deep learning has achieved impressive results in many areas of Computer Vision and Natural Language Pro- cessing. Among others, Visual Question Answering (VQA), also referred to a visual Turing test, is considered one of the most compelling problems, and recent deep learning models have reported significant progress in...
computer science
21,187
User and Developer Interaction with Editable and Readable Ontologies
cs.AI
The process of building ontologies is a difficult task that involves collaboration between ontology developers and domain experts and requires an ongoing interaction between them. This collaboration is made more difficult, because they tend to use different tool sets, which can hamper this interaction. In this paper, w...
computer science
21,188
Automatic Error Analysis of Human Motor Performance for Interactive Coaching in Virtual Reality
cs.AI
In the context of fitness coaching or for rehabilitation purposes, the motor actions of a human participant must be observed and analyzed for errors in order to provide effective feedback. This task is normally carried out by human coaches, and it needs to be solved automatically in technical applications that are to p...
computer science
21,189
Scene learning, recognition and similarity detection in a fuzzy ontology via human examples
cs.AI
This paper introduces a Fuzzy Logic framework for scene learning, recognition and similarity detection, where scenes are taught via human examples. The framework allows a robot to: (i) deal with the intrinsic vagueness associated with determining spatial relations among objects; (ii) infer similarities and dissimilarit...
computer science
21,190
DeepTransport: Learning Spatial-Temporal Dependency for Traffic Condition Forecasting
cs.AI
Predicting traffic conditions has been recently explored as a way to relieve traffic congestion. Several pioneering approaches have been proposed based on traffic observations of the target location as well as its adjacent regions, but they obtain somewhat limited accuracy due to lack of mining road topology. To addres...
computer science
21,191
A Policy Search Method For Temporal Logic Specified Reinforcement Learning Tasks
cs.AI
Reward engineering is an important aspect of reinforcement learning. Whether or not the user's intentions can be correctly encapsulated in the reward function can significantly impact the learning outcome. Current methods rely on manually crafted reward functions that often require parameter tuning to obtain the desire...
computer science
21,192
Heuristic Online Goal Recognition in Continuous Domains
cs.AI
Goal recognition is the problem of inferring the goal of an agent, based on its observed actions. An inspiring approach - plan recognition by planning (PRP) - uses off-the-shelf planners to dynamically generate plans for given goals, eliminating the need for the traditional plan library. However, existing PRP formulati...
computer science
21,193
Deep Learning Assisted Heuristic Tree Search for the Container Pre-marshalling Problem
cs.AI
One of the key challenges for operations researchers solving real-world problems is designing and implementing high-quality heuristics to guide their search procedures. In the past, machine learning techniques have failed to play a major role in operations research approaches, especially in terms of guiding branching a...
computer science
21,194
Intelligence Quotient and Intelligence Grade of Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
Although artificial intelligence is currently one of the most interesting areas in scientific research, the potential threats posed by emerging AI systems remain a source of persistent controversy. To address the issue of AI threat, this study proposes a standard intelligence model that unifies AI and human characteris...
computer science
21,195
Explainable Planning
cs.AI
As AI is increasingly being adopted into application solutions, the challenge of supporting interaction with humans is becoming more apparent. Partly this is to support integrated working styles, in which humans and intelligent systems cooperate in problem-solving, but also it is a necessary step in the process of buil...
computer science
21,196
What Automated Planning can do for Business Process Management
cs.AI
Business Process Management (BPM) is a central element of today organizations. Despite over the years its main focus has been the support of processes in highly controlled domains, nowadays many domains of interest to the BPM community are characterized by ever-changing requirements, unpredictable environments and incr...
computer science
21,197
Parameter Sharing Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Cooperative Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Deep reinforcement learning for multi-agent cooperation and competition has been a hot topic recently. This paper focuses on cooperative multi-agent problem based on actor-critic methods under local observations settings. Multi agent deep deterministic policy gradient obtained state of art results for some multi-agent ...
computer science
21,198
Sensor Synthesis for POMDPs with Reachability Objectives
cs.AI
Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are widely used in probabilistic planning problems in which an agent interacts with an environment using noisy and imprecise sensors. We study a setting in which the sensors are only partially defined and the goal is to synthesize "weakest" additional sensors, suc...
computer science
21,199
What Does Explainable AI Really Mean? A New Conceptualization of Perspectives
cs.AI
We characterize three notions of explainable AI that cut across research fields: opaque systems that offer no insight into its algo- rithmic mechanisms; interpretable systems where users can mathemat- ically analyze its algorithmic mechanisms; and comprehensible systems that emit symbols enabling user-driven explanatio...
computer science
21,200
Indexing the Event Calculus with Kd-trees to Monitor Diabetes
cs.AI
Personal Health Systems (PHS) are mobile solutions tailored to monitoring patients affected by chronic non communicable diseases. A patient affected by a chronic disease can generate large amounts of events. Type 1 Diabetic patients generate several glucose events per day, ranging from at least 6 events per day (under ...
computer science
21,201
Automatic Taxonomy Generation - A Use-Case in the Legal Domain
cs.AI
A key challenge in the legal domain is the adaptation and representation of the legal knowledge expressed through texts, in order for legal practitioners and researchers to access this information easier and faster to help with compliance related issues. One way to approach this goal is in the form of a taxonomy of leg...
computer science