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20,902
Imagining Probabilistic Belief Change as Imaging (Technical Report)
cs.AI
Imaging is a form of probabilistic belief change which could be employed for both revision and update. In this paper, we propose a new framework for probabilistic belief change based on imaging, called Expected Distance Imaging (EDI). EDI is sufficiently general to define Bayesian conditioning and other forms of imagin...
computer science
20,903
Answer Set Programming for Non-Stationary Markov Decision Processes
cs.AI
Non-stationary domains, where unforeseen changes happen, present a challenge for agents to find an optimal policy for a sequential decision making problem. This work investigates a solution to this problem that combines Markov Decision Processes (MDP) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) with Answer Set Programming (ASP) in...
computer science
20,904
Tramp Ship Scheduling Problem with Berth Allocation Considerations and Time-dependent Constraints
cs.AI
This work presents a model for the Tramp Ship Scheduling problem including berth allocation considerations, motivated by a real case of a shipping company. The aim is to determine the travel schedule for each vessel considering multiple docking and multiple time windows at the berths. This work is innovative due to the...
computer science
20,905
A Reasoning System for a First-Order Logic of Limited Belief
cs.AI
Logics of limited belief aim at enabling computationally feasible reasoning in highly expressive representation languages. These languages are often dialects of first-order logic with a weaker form of logical entailment that keeps reasoning decidable or even tractable. While a number of such logics have been proposed i...
computer science
20,906
Distributed Online Learning of Event Definitions
cs.AI
Logic-based event recognition systems infer occurrences of events in time using a set of event definitions in the form of first-order rules. The Event Calculus is a temporal logic that has been used as a basis in event recognition applications, providing among others, direct connections to machine learning, via Inducti...
computer science
20,907
PANFIS++: A Generalized Approach to Evolving Learning
cs.AI
The concept of evolving intelligent system (EIS) provides an effective avenue for data stream mining because it is capable of coping with two prominent issues: online learning and rapidly changing environments. We note at least three uncharted territories of existing EISs: data uncertainty, temporal system dynamic, red...
computer science
20,908
Metacognitive Learning Approach for Online Tool Condition Monitoring
cs.AI
As manufacturing processes become increasingly automated, so should tool condition monitoring (TCM) as it is impractical to have human workers monitor the state of the tools continuously. Tool condition is crucial to ensure the good quality of products: Worn tools affect not only the surface quality but also the dimens...
computer science
20,909
A New Medical Diagnosis Method Based on Z-Numbers
cs.AI
How to handle uncertainty in medical diagnosis is an open issue. In this paper, a new decision making methodology based on Z-numbers is presented. Firstly, the experts' opinions are represented by Z-numbers. Z-number is an ordered pair of fuzzy numbers denoted as Z = (A, B). Then, a new method for ranking fuzzy numbers...
computer science
20,910
An Anthropic Argument against the Future Existence of Superintelligent Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
This paper uses anthropic reasoning to argue for a reduced likelihood that superintelligent AI will come into existence in the future. To make this argument, a new principle is introduced: the Super-Strong Self-Sampling Assumption (SSSSA), building on the Self-Sampling Assumption (SSA) and the Strong Self-Sampling Assu...
computer science
20,911
Evidence for the size principle in semantic and perceptual domains
cs.AI
Shepard's Universal Law of Generalization offered a compelling case for the first physics-like law in cognitive science that should hold for all intelligent agents in the universe. Shepard's account is based on a rational Bayesian model of generalization, providing an answer to the question of why such a law should eme...
computer science
20,912
Composition of Credal Sets via Polyhedral Geometry
cs.AI
Recently introduced composition operator for credal sets is an analogy of such operators in probability, possibility, evidence and valuation-based systems theories. It was designed to construct multidimensional models (in the framework of credal sets) from a system of low- dimensional credal sets. In this paper we stud...
computer science
20,913
A note on the uniqueness of models in social abstract argumentation
cs.AI
Social abstract argumentation is a principled way to assign values to conflicting (weighted) arguments. In this note we discuss the important property of the uniqueness of the model.
computer science
20,914
Solving Multi-Objective MDP with Lexicographic Preference: An application to stochastic planning with multiple quantile objective
cs.AI
In most common settings of Markov Decision Process (MDP), an agent evaluate a policy based on expectation of (discounted) sum of rewards. However in many applications this criterion might not be suitable from two perspective: first, in risk aversion situation expectation of accumulated rewards is not robust enough, thi...
computer science
20,915
Memetic search for identifying critical nodes in sparse graphs
cs.AI
Critical node problems involve identifying a subset of critical nodes from an undirected graph whose removal results in optimizing a pre-defined measure over the residual graph. As useful models for a variety of practical applications, these problems are computational challenging. In this paper, we study the classic cr...
computer science
20,916
A rational analysis of curiosity
cs.AI
We present a rational analysis of curiosity, proposing that people's curiosity is driven by seeking stimuli that maximize their ability to make appropriate responses in the future. This perspective offers a way to unify previous theories of curiosity into a single framework. Experimental results confirm our model's pre...
computer science
20,917
A Survey of Question Answering for Math and Science Problem
cs.AI
Turing test was long considered the measure for artificial intelligence. But with the advances in AI, it has proved to be insufficient measure. We can now aim to mea- sure machine intelligence like we measure human intelligence. One of the widely accepted measure of intelligence is standardized math and science test. I...
computer science
20,918
Clingcon: The Next Generation
cs.AI
We present the third generation of the constraint answer set system clingcon, combining Answer Set Programming (ASP) with finite domain constraint processing (CP). While its predecessors rely on a black-box approach to hybrid solving by integrating the CP solver gecode, the new clingcon system pursues a lazy approach u...
computer science
20,919
A Formal Characterization of the Local Search Topology of the Gap Heuristic
cs.AI
The pancake puzzle is a classic optimization problem that has become a standard benchmark for heuristic search algorithms. In this paper, we provide full proofs regarding the local search topology of the gap heuristic for the pancake puzzle. First, we show that in any non-goal state in which there is no move that will ...
computer science
20,920
Progression of Decomposed Local-Effect Action Theories
cs.AI
In many tasks related to reasoning about consequences of a logical theory, it is desirable to decompose the theory into a number of weakly-related or independent components. However, a theory may represent knowledge that is subject to change, as a result of executing actions that have effects on some of the initial pro...
computer science
20,921
On the Complexity of Semantic Integration of OWL Ontologies
cs.AI
We propose a new mechanism for integration of OWL ontologies using semantic import relations. In contrast to the standard OWL importing, we do not require all axioms of the imported ontologies to be taken into account for reasoning tasks, but only their logical implications over a chosen signature. This property comes ...
computer science
20,922
Awareness improves problem-solving performance
cs.AI
The brain's self-monitoring of activities, including internal activities -- a functionality that we refer to as awareness -- has been suggested as a key element of consciousness. Here we investigate whether the presence of an inner-eye-like process (monitor) that supervises the activities of a number of subsystems (ope...
computer science
20,923
Quantifying Aspect Bias in Ordinal Ratings using a Bayesian Approach
cs.AI
User opinions expressed in the form of ratings can influence an individual's view of an item. However, the true quality of an item is often obfuscated by user biases, and it is not obvious from the observed ratings the importance different users place on different aspects of an item. We propose a probabilistic modeling...
computer science
20,924
Exploiting the Pruning Power of Strong Local Consistencies Through Parallelization
cs.AI
Local consistencies stronger than arc consistency have received a lot of attention since the early days of CSP research. %because of the strong pruning they can achieve. However, they have not been widely adopted by CSP solvers. This is because applying such consistencies can sometimes result in considerably smaller se...
computer science
20,925
Constrained Bayesian Networks: Theory, Optimization, and Applications
cs.AI
We develop the theory and practice of an approach to modelling and probabilistic inference in causal networks that is suitable when application-specific or analysis-specific constraints should inform such inference or when little or no data for the learning of causal network structure or probability values at nodes are...
computer science
20,926
A Method for Determining Weights of Criterias and Alternative of Fuzzy Group Decision Making Problem
cs.AI
In this paper, we constructed a model to determine weights of criterias and presented a solution for determining the optimal alternative by using the constructed model and relationship analysis between criterias in fuzzy group decision-making problem with different forms of preference information of decision makers on ...
computer science
20,927
New Reinforcement Learning Using a Chaotic Neural Network for Emergence of "Thinking" - "Exploration" Grows into "Thinking" through Learning -
cs.AI
Expectation for the emergence of higher functions is getting larger in the framework of end-to-end reinforcement learning using a recurrent neural network. However, the emergence of "thinking" that is a typical higher function is difficult to realize because "thinking" needs non fixed-point, flow-type attractors with b...
computer science
20,928
Text-based Adventures of the Golovin AI Agent
cs.AI
The domain of text-based adventure games has been recently established as a new challenge of creating the agent that is both able to understand natural language, and acts intelligently in text-described environments. In this paper, we present our approach to tackle the problem. Our agent, named Golovin, takes advanta...
computer science
20,929
All-relevant feature selection using multidimensional filters with exhaustive search
cs.AI
This paper describes a method for identification of the informative variables in the information system with discrete decision variables. It is targeted specifically towards discovery of the variables that are non-informative when considered alone, but are informative when the synergistic interactions between multiple ...
computer science
20,930
Multiobjective Programming for Type-2 Hierarchical Fuzzy Inference Trees
cs.AI
This paper proposes a design of hierarchical fuzzy inference tree (HFIT). An HFIT produces an optimum treelike structure, i.e., a natural hierarchical structure that accommodates simplicity by combining several low-dimensional fuzzy inference systems (FISs). Such a natural hierarchical structure provides a high degree ...
computer science
20,931
AI, Native Supercomputing and The Revival of Moore's Law
cs.AI
Based on Alan Turing's proposition on AI and computing machinery, which shaped Computing as we know it today, the new AI computing machinery should comprise a universal computer and a universal learning machine. The later should understand linear algebra natively to overcome the slowdown of Moore's law. In such a unive...
computer science
20,932
REMIX: Automated Exploration for Interactive Outlier Detection
cs.AI
Outlier detection is the identification of points in a dataset that do not conform to the norm. Outlier detection is highly sensitive to the choice of the detection algorithm and the feature subspace used by the algorithm. Extracting domain-relevant insights from outliers needs systematic exploration of these choices s...
computer science
20,933
Identification and Off-Policy Learning of Multiple Objectives Using Adaptive Clustering
cs.AI
In this work, we present a methodology that enables an agent to make efficient use of its exploratory actions by autonomously identifying possible objectives in its environment and learning them in parallel. The identification of objectives is achieved using an online and unsupervised adaptive clustering algorithm. The...
computer science
20,934
Induction of Interpretable Possibilistic Logic Theories from Relational Data
cs.AI
The field of Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) is concerned with learning probabilistic models from relational data. Learned SRL models are typically represented using some kind of weighted logical formulas, which make them considerably more interpretable than those obtained by e.g. neural networks. In practice, ho...
computer science
20,935
The Bag Semantics of Ontology-Based Data Access
cs.AI
Ontology-based data access (OBDA) is a popular approach for integrating and querying multiple data sources by means of a shared ontology. The ontology is linked to the sources using mappings, which assign views over the data to ontology predicates. Motivated by the need for OBDA systems supporting database-style aggreg...
computer science
20,936
Model-Based Planning in Discrete Action Spaces
cs.AI
Planning actions using learned and differentiable forward models of the world is a general approach which has a number of desirable properties, including improved sample complexity over model-free RL methods, reuse of learned models across different tasks, and the ability to perform efficient gradient-based optimizatio...
computer science
20,937
Combining tabu search and graph reduction to solve the maximum balanced biclique problem
cs.AI
The Maximum Balanced Biclique Problem is a well-known graph model with relevant applications in diverse domains. This paper introduces a novel algorithm, which combines an effective constraint-based tabu search procedure and two dedicated graph reduction techniques. We verify the effectiveness of the algorithm on 30 cl...
computer science
20,938
Generalizing the Role of Determinization in Probabilistic Planning
cs.AI
The stochastic shortest path problem (SSP) is a highly expressive model for probabilistic planning. The computational hardness of SSPs has sparked interest in determinization-based planners that can quickly solve large problems. However, existing methods employ a simplistic approach to determinization. In particular, t...
computer science
20,939
Sketched Answer Set Programming
cs.AI
Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a powerful modeling formalism for combinatorial problems. However, writing ASP models is not trivial. We propose a novel method, called Sketched Answer Set Programming (SkASP), aiming at supporting the user in resolving this issue. The user writes an ASP program while marking uncertain p...
computer science
20,940
Experience enrichment based task independent reward model
cs.AI
For most reinforcement learning approaches, the learning is performed by maximizing an accumulative reward that is expectedly and manually defined for specific tasks. However, in real world, rewards are emergent phenomena from the complex interactions between agents and environments. In this paper, we propose an implic...
computer science
20,941
AIXIjs: A Software Demo for General Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning is a general and powerful framework with which to study and implement artificial intelligence. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled RL algorithms to achieve impressive performance in restricted domains such as playing Atari video games (Mnih et al., 2015) and, recently, the board game Go...
computer science
20,942
Compatible extensions and consistent closures: a fuzzy approach
cs.AI
In this paper $\ast$--compatible extensions of fuzzy relations are studied, generalizing some results obtained by Duggan in case of crisp relations. From this general result are obtained as particular cases fuzzy versions of some important extension theorems for crisp relations (Szpilrajn, Hansson, Suzumura). Two notio...
computer science
20,943
Living Together: Mind and Machine Intelligence
cs.AI
In this paper we consider the nature of the machine intelligences we have created in the context of our human intelligence. We suggest that the fundamental difference between human and machine intelligence comes down to \emph{embodiment factors}. We define embodiment factors as the ratio between an entity's ability to ...
computer science
20,944
Logical Learning Through a Hybrid Neural Network with Auxiliary Inputs
cs.AI
The human reasoning process is seldom a one-way process from an input leading to an output. Instead, it often involves a systematic deduction by ruling out other possible outcomes as a self-checking mechanism. In this paper, we describe the design of a hybrid neural network for logical learning that is similar to the h...
computer science
20,945
XOR-Sampling for Network Design with Correlated Stochastic Events
cs.AI
Many network optimization problems can be formulated as stochastic network design problems in which edges are present or absent stochastically. Furthermore, protective actions can guarantee that edges will remain present. We consider the problem of finding the optimal protection strategy under a budget limit in order t...
computer science
20,946
Enhanced Experience Replay Generation for Efficient Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Applying deep reinforcement learning (RL) on real systems suffers from slow data sampling. We propose an enhanced generative adversarial network (EGAN) to initialize an RL agent in order to achieve faster learning. The EGAN utilizes the relation between states and actions to enhance the quality of data samples generate...
computer science
20,947
Explaining Transition Systems through Program Induction
cs.AI
Explaining and reasoning about processes which underlie observed black-box phenomena enables the discovery of causal mechanisms, derivation of suitable abstract representations and the formulation of more robust predictions. We propose to learn high level functional programs in order to represent abstract models which ...
computer science
20,948
Thinking Fast and Slow with Deep Learning and Tree Search
cs.AI
Sequential decision making problems, such as structured prediction, robotic control, and game playing, require a combination of planning policies and generalisation of those plans. In this paper, we present Expert Iteration (ExIt), a novel reinforcement learning algorithm which decomposes the problem into separate plan...
computer science
20,949
Knowledge Acquisition, Representation \& Manipulation in Decision Support Systems
cs.AI
In this paper we present a methodology and discuss some implementation issues for a project on statistical/expert approach to data analysis and knowledge acquisition. We discuss some general assumptions underlying the project. Further, the requirements for a user-friendly computer assistant are specified along with the...
computer science
20,950
Uplift Modeling with Multiple Treatments and General Response Types
cs.AI
Randomized experiments have been used to assist decision-making in many areas. They help people select the optimal treatment for the test population with certain statistical guarantee. However, subjects can show significant heterogeneity in response to treatments. The problem of customizing treatment assignment based o...
computer science
20,951
Predictive Analytics for Enhancing Travel Time Estimation in Navigation Apps of Apple, Google, and Microsoft
cs.AI
The explosive growth of the location-enabled devices coupled with the increasing use of Internet services has led to an increasing awareness of the importance and usage of geospatial information in many applications. The navigation apps (often called Maps), use a variety of available data sources to calculate and predi...
computer science
20,952
Efficient, Safe, and Probably Approximately Complete Learning of Action Models
cs.AI
In this paper we explore the theoretical boundaries of planning in a setting where no model of the agent's actions is given. Instead of an action model, a set of successfully executed plans are given and the task is to generate a plan that is safe, i.e., guaranteed to achieve the goal without failing. To this end, we s...
computer science
20,953
Logic Tensor Networks for Semantic Image Interpretation
cs.AI
Semantic Image Interpretation (SII) is the task of extracting structured semantic descriptions from images. It is widely agreed that the combined use of visual data and background knowledge is of great importance for SII. Recently, Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) approaches have been developed for reasoning under...
computer science
20,954
Cross-Domain Perceptual Reward Functions
cs.AI
In reinforcement learning, we often define goals by specifying rewards within desirable states. One problem with this approach is that we typically need to redefine the rewards each time the goal changes, which often requires some understanding of the solution in the agents environment. When humans are learning to comp...
computer science
20,955
An Empirical Analysis of Approximation Algorithms for the Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problem
cs.AI
With applications to many disciplines, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classical computer science optimization problem with applications to industrial engineering, theoretical computer science, bioinformatics, and several other disciplines. In recent years, there have been a plethora of novel approaches for a...
computer science
20,956
Finding Robust Solutions to Stable Marriage
cs.AI
We study the notion of robustness in stable matching problems. We first define robustness by introducing (a,b)-supermatches. An $(a,b)$-supermatch is a stable matching in which if $a$ pairs break up it is possible to find another stable matching by changing the partners of those $a$ pairs and at most $b$ other pairs. I...
computer science
20,957
Logical and Inequality Implications for Reducing the Size and Complexity of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization Problems
cs.AI
The quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem arises in diverse optimization applications ranging from Ising spin problems to classical problems in graph theory and binary discrete optimization. The use of preprocessing to transform the graph representing the QUBO problem into a smaller equivalent grap...
computer science
20,958
Multi-shot ASP solving with clingo
cs.AI
We introduce a new flexible paradigm of grounding and solving in Answer Set Programming (ASP), which we refer to as multi-shot ASP solving, and present its implementation in the ASP system clingo. Multi-shot ASP solving features grounding and solving processes that deal with continuously changing logic programs. In d...
computer science
20,959
Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization Problem Preprocessing: Theory and Empirical Analysis
cs.AI
The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem (QUBO) has become a unifying model for representing a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems, and for linking a variety of disciplines that face these problems. A new class of quantum annealing computer that maps QUBO onto a physical qubit network struc...
computer science
20,960
Inexpensive Cost-Optimized Measurement Proposal for Sequential Model-Based Diagnosis
cs.AI
In this work we present strategies for (optimal) measurement selection in model-based sequential diagnosis. In particular, assuming a set of leading diagnoses being given, we show how queries (sets of measurements) can be computed and optimized along two dimensions: expected number of queries and cost per query. By mea...
computer science
20,961
Probabilistic Program Abstractions
cs.AI
Abstraction is a fundamental tool for reasoning about complex systems. Program abstraction has been utilized to great effect for analyzing deterministic programs. At the heart of program abstraction is the relationship between a concrete program, which is difficult to analyze, and an abstract program, which is more tra...
computer science
20,962
Should Robots be Obedient?
cs.AI
Intuitively, obedience -- following the order that a human gives -- seems like a good property for a robot to have. But, we humans are not perfect and we may give orders that are not best aligned to our preferences. We show that when a human is not perfectly rational then a robot that tries to infer and act according t...
computer science
20,963
Abstract Argumentation / Persuasion / Dynamics
cs.AI
The act of persuasion, a key component in rhetoric argumentation, may be viewed as a dynamics modifier. Such modifiers are well-known in other research fields: recall dynamic epistemic logic where operators modify possible world accessibilities, or recall side effects and concurrency in programming languages. We consid...
computer science
20,964
Machine Learned Learning Machines
cs.AI
There are two common approaches for optimizing the performance of a machine: genetic algorithms and machine learning. A genetic algorithm is applied over many generations whereas machine learning works by applying feedback until the system meets a performance threshold. Though these are methods that typically operate s...
computer science
20,965
Black-box Testing of First-Order Logic Ontologies Using WordNet
cs.AI
Artificial Intelligence aims to provide computer programs with commonsense knowledge to reason about our world. This paper offers a new practical approach towards automated commonsense reasoning with first-order logic (FOL) ontologies. We propose a new black-box testing methodology of FOL SUMO-based ontologies by explo...
computer science
20,966
Automatic White-Box Testing of First-Order Logic Ontologies
cs.AI
A long-standing dream of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has pursued to encode commonsense knowledge into computer programs enabling machines to reason about our world and problems. This work offers a new practical insight towards the automatic testing of first-order logic (FOL) ontologies. We introduce a novel fully auto...
computer science
20,967
Learning Belief Network Structure From Data under Causal Insufficiency
cs.AI
Though a belief network (a representation of the joint probability distribution, see [3]) and a causal network (a representation of causal relationships [14]) are intended to mean different things, they are closely related. Both assume an underlying dag (directed acyclic graph) structure of relations among variables an...
computer science
20,968
MOBA: a New Arena for Game AI
cs.AI
Games have always been popular testbeds for Artificial Intelligence (AI). In the last decade, we have seen the rise of the Multiple Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games, which are the most played games nowadays. In spite of this, there are few works that explore MOBA as a testbed for AI Research. In this paper we present a...
computer science
20,969
Universal Reinforcement Learning Algorithms: Survey and Experiments
cs.AI
Many state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms typically assume that the environment is an ergodic Markov Decision Process (MDP). In contrast, the field of universal reinforcement learning (URL) is concerned with algorithms that make as few assumptions as possible about the environment. The universal Baye...
computer science
20,970
Low Impact Artificial Intelligences
cs.AI
There are many goals for an AI that could become dangerous if the AI becomes superintelligent or otherwise powerful. Much work on the AI control problem has been focused on constructing AI goals that are safe even for such AIs. This paper looks at an alternative approach: defining a general concept of `low impact'. The...
computer science
20,971
Strength Factors: An Uncertainty System for a Quantified Modal Logic
cs.AI
We present a new system S for handling uncertainty in a quantified modal logic (first-order modal logic). The system is based on both probability theory and proof theory. The system is derived from Chisholm's epistemology. We concretize Chisholm's system by grounding his undefined and primitive (i.e. foundational) conc...
computer science
20,972
Experience Replay Using Transition Sequences
cs.AI
Experience replay is one of the most commonly used approaches to improve the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning algorithms. In this work, we propose an approach to select and replay sequences of transitions in order to accelerate the learning of a reinforcement learning agent in an off-policy setting. In addit...
computer science
20,973
Towards Learned Clauses Database Reduction Strategies Based on Dominance Relationship
cs.AI
Clause Learning is one of the most important components of a conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solver that is effective on industrial instances. Since the number of learned clauses is proved to be exponential in the worse case, it is necessary to identify the most relevant clauses to maintain and delete the ir...
computer science
20,974
Propositional Knowledge Representation in Restricted Boltzmann Machines
cs.AI
Representing symbolic knowledge into a connectionist network is the key element for the integration of scalable learning and sound reasoning. Most of the previous studies focus on discriminative neural networks which unnecessarily require a separation of input/output variables. Recent development of generative neural n...
computer science
20,975
The Atari Grand Challenge Dataset
cs.AI
Recent progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL), fueled by its combination, with Deep Learning has enabled impressive results in learning to interact with complex virtual environments, yet real-world applications of RL are still scarce. A key limitation is data efficiency, with current state-of-the-art approaches requir...
computer science
20,976
A Diversified Multi-Start Algorithm for Unconstrained Binary Quadratic Problems Leveraging the Graphics Processor Unit
cs.AI
Multi-start algorithms are a common and effective tool for metaheuristic searches. In this paper we amplify multi-start capabilities by employing the parallel processing power of the graphics processer unit (GPU) to quickly generate a diverse starting set of solutions for the Unconstrained Binary Quadratic Optimization...
computer science
20,977
Descriptions of Objectives and Processes of Mechanical Learning
cs.AI
In [1], we introduced mechanical learning and proposed 2 approaches to mechanical learning. Here, we follow one such approach to well describe the objects and the processes of learning. We discuss 2 kinds of patterns: objective and subjective pattern. Subjective pattern is crucial for learning machine. We prove that fo...
computer science
20,978
Diversified Top-k Partial MaxSAT Solving
cs.AI
We introduce a diversified top-k partial MaxSAT problem, a combination of partial MaxSAT problem and enumeration problem. Given a partial MaxSAT formula F and a positive integer k, the diversified top-k partial MaxSAT is to find k maximal solutions for F such that the k maximal solutions satisfy the maximum number of s...
computer science
20,979
Grounding Symbols in Multi-Modal Instructions
cs.AI
As robots begin to cohabit with humans in semi-structured environments, the need arises to understand instructions involving rich variability---for instance, learning to ground symbols in the physical world. Realistically, this task must cope with small datasets consisting of a particular users' contextual assignment o...
computer science
20,980
Enhancing workflow-nets with data for trace completion
cs.AI
The growing adoption of IT-systems for modeling and executing (business) processes or services has thrust the scientific investigation towards techniques and tools which support more complex forms of process analysis. Many of them, such as conformance checking, process alignment, mining and enhancement, rely on complet...
computer science
20,981
Modeling Latent Attention Within Neural Networks
cs.AI
Deep neural networks are able to solve tasks across a variety of domains and modalities of data. Despite many empirical successes, we lack the ability to clearly understand and interpret the learned internal mechanisms that contribute to such effective behaviors or, more critically, failure modes. In this work, we pres...
computer science
20,982
Exception-Based Knowledge Updates
cs.AI
Existing methods for dealing with knowledge updates differ greatly depending on the underlying knowledge representation formalism. When Classical Logic is used, updates are typically performed by manipulating the knowledge base on the model-theoretic level. On the opposite side of the spectrum stand the semantics for u...
computer science
20,983
Joint Matrix-Tensor Factorization for Knowledge Base Inference
cs.AI
While several matrix factorization (MF) and tensor factorization (TF) models have been proposed for knowledge base (KB) inference, they have rarely been compared across various datasets. Is there a single model that performs well across datasets? If not, what characteristics of a dataset determine the performance of MF...
computer science
20,984
ICABiDAS: Intuition Centred Architecture for Big Data Analysis and Synthesis
cs.AI
Humans are expert in the amount of sensory data they deal with each moment. Human brain not only analyses these data but also starts synthesizing new information from the existing data. The current age Big-data systems are needed not just to analyze data but also to come up new interpretation. We believe that the pivot...
computer science
20,985
Actor-Critic for Linearly-Solvable Continuous MDP with Partially Known Dynamics
cs.AI
In many robotic applications, some aspects of the system dynamics can be modeled accurately while others are difficult to obtain or model. We present a novel reinforcement learning (RL) method for continuous state and action spaces that learns with partial knowledge of the system and without active exploration. It solv...
computer science
20,986
3D Pathfinding and Collision Avoidance Using Uneven Search-space Quantization and Visual Cone Search
cs.AI
Pathfinding is a very popular area in computer game development. While two-dimensional (2D) pathfinding is widely applied in most of the popular game engines, little implementation of real three-dimensional (3D) pathfinding can be found. This research presents a dynamic search space optimization algorithm which can be ...
computer science
20,987
A method for the online construction of the set of states of a Markov Decision Process using Answer Set Programming
cs.AI
Non-stationary domains, that change in unpredicted ways, are a challenge for agents searching for optimal policies in sequential decision-making problems. This paper presents a combination of Markov Decision Processes (MDP) with Answer Set Programming (ASP), named {\em Online ASP for MDP} (oASP(MDP)), which is a method...
computer science
20,988
Unsupervised Neural-Symbolic Integration
cs.AI
Symbolic has been long considered as a language of human intelligence while neural networks have advantages of robust computation and dealing with noisy data. The integration of neural-symbolic can offer better learning and reasoning while providing a means for interpretability through the representation of symbolic kn...
computer science
20,989
Epistemic Logic with Functional Dependency Operator
cs.AI
Epistemic logic with non-standard knowledge operators, especially the "knowing-value" operator, has recently gathered much attention. With the "knowing-value" operator, we can express knowledge of individual variables, but not of the relations between them in general. In this paper, we propose a new operator Kf to expr...
computer science
20,990
Regular Boardgames
cs.AI
We present an initial version of Regular Boardgames general game description language. This stands as an extension of Simplified Boardgames language. Our language is designed to be able to express the rules of a majority of popular boardgames including the complex rules such as promotions, castling, en passant, jump ca...
computer science
20,991
Responsible Autonomy
cs.AI
As intelligent systems are increasingly making decisions that directly affect society, perhaps the most important upcoming research direction in AI is to rethink the ethical implications of their actions. Means are needed to integrate moral, societal and legal values with technological developments in AI, both during t...
computer science
20,992
What Does a Belief Function Believe In ?
cs.AI
The conditioning in the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence has been defined (by Shafer \cite{Shafer:90} as combination of a belief function and of an "event" via Dempster rule. On the other hand Shafer \cite{Shafer:90} gives a "probabilistic" interpretation of a belief function (hence indirectly its derivation from a...
computer science
20,993
On the Development of Intelligent Agents for MOBA Games
cs.AI
Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) is one of the most played game genres nowadays. With the increasing growth of this genre, it becomes necessary to develop effective intelligent agents to play alongside or against human players. In this paper we address the problem of agent development for MOBA games. We implement...
computer science
20,994
The FastMap Algorithm for Shortest Path Computations
cs.AI
We present a new preprocessing algorithm for embedding the nodes of a given edge-weighted undirected graph into a Euclidean space. The Euclidean distance between any two nodes in this space approximates the length of the shortest path between them in the given graph. Later, at runtime, a shortest path between any two n...
computer science
20,995
Rapid Randomized Restarts for Multi-Agent Path Finding Solvers
cs.AI
Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an NP-hard problem well studied in artificial intelligence and robotics. It has many real-world applications for which existing MAPF solvers use various heuristics. However, these solvers are deterministic and perform poorly on "hard" instances typically characterized by many agents i...
computer science
20,996
Bandit Models of Human Behavior: Reward Processing in Mental Disorders
cs.AI
Drawing an inspiration from behavioral studies of human decision making, we propose here a general parametric framework for multi-armed bandit problem, which extends the standard Thompson Sampling approach to incorporate reward processing biases associated with several neurological and psychiatric conditions, including...
computer science
20,997
Evidence Against Evidence Theory (?!)
cs.AI
This paper is concerned with the apparent greatest weakness of the Mathematical Theory of Evidence (MTE) of Shafer \cite{Shafer:76}, which has been strongly criticized by Wasserman \cite{Wasserman:92ijar} - the relationship to frequencies. Weaknesses of various proposals of probabilistic interpretation of MTE belief ...
computer science
20,998
Off The Beaten Lane: AI Challenges In MOBAs Beyond Player Control
cs.AI
MOBAs represent a huge segment of online gaming and are growing as both an eSport and a casual genre. The natural starting point for AI researchers interested in MOBAs is to develop an AI to play the game better than a human - but MOBAs have many more challenges besides adversarial AI. In this paper we introduce the re...
computer science
20,999
A Focal Any-Angle Path-finding Algorithm Based on A* on Visibility Graphs
cs.AI
In this research, we investigate the subject of path-finding. A pruned version of visibility graph based on Candidate Vertices is formulated, followed by a new visibility check technique. Such combination enables us to quickly identify the useful vertices and thus find the optimal path more efficiently. The algorithm p...
computer science
21,000
Deep Optimization for Spectrum Repacking
cs.AI
Over 13 months in 2016-17 the FCC conducted an "incentive auction" to repurpose radio spectrum from broadcast television to wireless internet. In the end, the auction yielded $19.8 billion, $10.05 billion of which was paid to 175 broadcasters for voluntarily relinquishing their licenses across 14 UHF channels. Stations...
computer science
21,001
Data-Efficient Policy Evaluation Through Behavior Policy Search
cs.AI
We consider the task of evaluating a policy for a Markov decision process (MDP). The standard unbiased technique for evaluating a policy is to deploy the policy and observe its performance. We show that the data collected from deploying a different policy, commonly called the behavior policy, can be used to produce unb...
computer science