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Line of shoes by New Balance New Balance 2002 A pair of New Balance 2002R sneakers Type Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Inventor New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Inception 2010 ; 14 years ago ( 2010 ) Manufacturer New Balance Available Yes New Balance 2002 is a running shoe produced by New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) . Overview [ edit ] The company developed the 2002 as a high-performance running shoe and a successor to the New Balance 2001 , part of the company's 1000 series of running shoes. [1] (#cite_note-JD_Sports-1) The upper of the shoe is made of nubuck and mesh while the sole features the company's N-ERGY gel all along the shoe. The inspiration for design of the shoe, including the sole, came from a previous model, the New Balance 1906 (/wiki/New_Balance_1906) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The shoe was manufactured in the company's American factories and sold for a premium of $250 when it was released in 2010. [3] (#cite_note-3) Due to the high price, the shoe was not popular when it first launched. [4] (#cite_note-4) Original New Balance 2002 (left) next to New Balance 2002R (right). Both have the same upper but different bottom soles. In early 2018, a Japanese employee, Tetsuya Shono, was working on deciding which shoe from the company's catalogue to bring back for the second half of 2020. Shono knew how popular the model was in Japan and was also a fan of it himself. Hence, he decided it would be a good choice. [5] (#cite_note-5) He felt that the 2002 could support the New Balance 99X series (/wiki/New_Balance_99X_series) by offering a different design to contrast it. The shoe was re-introduced in 2020, its tenth anniversary, as the 2002R . [6] (#cite_note-6) The 2002R did not feature the same sole as the original because it did not exist anymore. As a result, the sole of the New Balance 860v2 was chosen to replace it. [7] (#cite_note-Streethings-7) The shoe launched to some success but soon saw a lot popularity the following year due to collaborations with prominent designers. [1] (#cite_note-JD_Sports-1) Models [ edit ] 2002R [ edit ] This model was introduced as a lifestyle sneaker. The shoe features the same design as the original, with the only difference being the sole, which it borrows from the 860V2 . [7] (#cite_note-Streethings-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "NEW BALANCE 2002R – A BRIEF HISTORY" (https://blog.jd-sports.com.au/new-balance-2002r-a-brief-history/) . JD Sports . 2022-07-29 . Retrieved 2024-06-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Here's Why the New Balance 1906R Will Become the Next Big Thing" (https://thesolesupplier.co.uk/news/heres-why-the-new-balance-1906r-will-become-the-next-big-thing/) . Sole Supplier . 2023-10-31 . Retrieved 2024-06-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Guide to the New Balance 2002R" (https://www.stadiumgoods.com/en-us/article/guide-new-balance-2002r-sizing-colorways-history#) . Stadium Goods . 2021-01-08 . Retrieved 2024-06-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Five Most Influential New Balance 2002Rs" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/features/a-brief-history-of-the-new-balance-2002r/) . Sneaker Freaker . 2022-04-28 . Retrieved 2024-06-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "How New Balance Remade the 2002 Into an Unlikely Hit" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/matt-welty/new-balance-2002r-history) . Complex . 2023-03-28 . Retrieved 2024-06-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "New Balance To Reissue The 2002 Later This Month" (https://solesavy.com/new-balance-to-reissue-the-2002-later-this-month/) . SoleSavy . 2020-09-03 . Retrieved 2024-06-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b "BEHIND THE NEW BALANCE 2002R" (https://www.streething.com/post/behind-the-new-balance-2002r-how-it-became-a-global-phenomenon) . Streething . 2023-12-20 . Retrieved 2024-06-08 . v t e New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Subsidiaries Current Warrior Sports (/wiki/Warrior_Sports) Former Aravon Cobb Hill Drydock Footwear Dunham PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) Rockport (/wiki/Rockport_(company)) Brands Klutch Athletics (/wiki/Klutch_Sports_Group) Sneakers 480 (/wiki/New_Balance_480) 550 (/wiki/New_Balance_550) 99X (/wiki/New_Balance_99X_Series) 1906 (/wiki/New_Balance_1906) 2002 People Jim Davis (/wiki/Jim_Davis_(businessman)) Category (/wiki/Category:New_Balance) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_Balance) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐f856f9b8b‐vtkzd Cached time: 20240716050251 Cache expiry: 1364231 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.274 seconds Real time usage: 0.385 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1112/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26544/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 785/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35750/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5303139/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 351.510 1 -total 29.46% 103.571 1 Template:Reflist 25.92% 91.129 1 Template:Short_description 25.42% 89.346 7 Template:Cite_web 24.10% 84.724 1 Template:New_Balance 23.84% 83.809 2 Template:Navbox 19.23% 67.583 1 Template:Infobox_product 18.14% 63.765 1 Template:Infobox 12.00% 42.176 4 Template:Main_other 11.42% 40.152 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77112086-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716050251 and revision id 1230471688. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Balance_2002&oldid=1230471688 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Balance_2002&oldid=1230471688) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : New Balance (/wiki/Category:New_Balance) Sports footwear (/wiki/Category:Sports_footwear) Products introduced in 2010 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2010) 2010s fashion (/wiki/Category:2010s_fashion) 2020s fashion (/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description)
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See also: Category:Actresses from Chennai (/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Chennai) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65687cfdb7‐fwhcf Cached time: 20240624052253 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.024 seconds Real time usage: 0.036 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 24/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 356/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.010/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 626391/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 30.982 1 -total 100.00% 30.982 1 Template:See_also_cat 15.55% 4.817 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55838362-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624052253 and revision id 1113928288. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Female models from Chennai" The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Priya Anand (/wiki/Priya_Anand) Anjena Kirti (/wiki/Anjena_Kirti) Anusha (actress) (/wiki/Anusha_(actress)) B Kirat Bhattal (/wiki/Kirat_Bhattal) C Pooja Chitgopekar (/wiki/Pooja_Chitgopekar) V. J. Chitra (/wiki/V._J._Chitra) D Saipriya Deva (/wiki/Saipriya_Deva) H Shruti Haasan (/wiki/Shruti_Haasan) Lisa Haydon (/wiki/Lisa_Haydon) Christabelle Howie (/wiki/Christabelle_Howie) J Sahithya Jagannathan (/wiki/Sahithya_Jagannathan) Janani (actress) (/wiki/Janani_(actress)) Gayatri Jayaraman (/wiki/Gayatri_Jayaraman) Angela Jonsson (/wiki/Angela_Jonsson) K Trisha Krishnan (/wiki/Trisha_Krishnan) Anaswara Kumar (/wiki/Anaswara_Kumar) M Meghali (/wiki/Meghali) N Karthika Nair (/wiki/Karthika_Nair) P Aparna Pillai (/wiki/Aparna_Pillai) R Medha Raghunath (/wiki/Medha_Raghunath) Indrani Rahman (/wiki/Indrani_Rahman) Shivani Rajashekar (/wiki/Shivani_Rajashekar) Anjana Rangan (/wiki/Anjana_Rangan) Rochelle Rao (/wiki/Rochelle_Rao) Gayathri Reddy (/wiki/Gayathri_Reddy) Samantha Ruth Prabhu (/wiki/Samantha_Ruth_Prabhu) S Sangeetha Krish (/wiki/Sangeetha_Krish) Varalaxmi Sarathkumar (/wiki/Varalaxmi_Sarathkumar) Sanjana Sarathy (/wiki/Sanjana_Sarathy) Samyuktha Shanmuganathan (/wiki/Samyuktha_Shanmuganathan) Komal Sharma (/wiki/Komal_Sharma) Shraddha Shashidhar (/wiki/Shraddha_Shashidhar) Shvetha Jaishankar (/wiki/Shvetha_Jaishankar) C. Aishvarrya Suresh (/wiki/C._Aishvarrya_Suresh) V Arthi Venkatesh (/wiki/Arthi_Venkatesh) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Chennai&oldid=1113928288 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Female_models_from_Chennai&oldid=1113928288) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Female models from Tamil Nadu (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Tamil_Nadu) Models from Chennai (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Chennai)
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American Express Gold card dress of Lizzy Gardiner Designer Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) Year 1995 Material American Express (/wiki/American_Express) Gold cards Australian costume designer Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) wore a dress made of 254 American Express (/wiki/American_Express) Gold cards to the 67th Academy Awards (/wiki/67th_Academy_Awards) on 27 March 1995, where she won the Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) award for her work on the 1994 film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Priscilla,_Queen_of_the_Desert) . All of the cards were authentic, but had expired. [1] (#cite_note-Jones2007-1) Background and history [ edit ] The gown had originally been conceived for the film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Priscilla,_Queen_of_the_Desert) along with many other outlandish costumes such as one made solely out of pink flip flops, [2] (#cite_note-Mansour2005-2) but American Express had forbidden it. [3] (#cite_note-Crouse2005-3) Gardiner said, "I'm broke, and I didn't have anything to wear. So I went through my list of past good ideas." [3] (#cite_note-Crouse2005-3) The dress was auctioned off for charity in March 1999 for $12,650, with the proceeds going to AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research (/wiki/AmfAR,_The_Foundation_for_AIDS_Research) . [3] (#cite_note-Crouse2005-3) [4] (#cite_note-Serwin2009-4) It, along with other costumes for Priscilla , was inspired by Sydney's drag queen culture of the 1990s. [5] (#cite_note-ABC2017-5) Design [ edit ] The outfit was made of 254 expired American Express gold cards, [6] (#cite_note-LA-6) [1] (#cite_note-Jones2007-1) and was split to the waist. [5] (#cite_note-ABC2017-5) The under garment was made entirely of the cards, except for the slim gold straps at the top, although the gold shawl which went over the under garment only had cards lining the edges. Gardiner completed the outfit with gold platform shoes (/wiki/Platform_shoes) . [7] (#cite_note-Communications2002-7) Reception [ edit ] Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) magazine cited the dress as one of the worst Oscar dresses of all time, saying, "It's a dress made of American Express Gold cards. We're not sure what else to say about this one, except that the obvious lesson is this: For the love of God, do not design your own dress for the red carpet." [8] (#cite_note-8) Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) magazine also voted the dress as amongst the worst Oscar dresses of all time saying, "Our problem with the outfit Gardiner wore to accept her award isn't that her dress was made out of a bizarre, nontraditional material. Our problem is that the material of choice was the American Express gold card. It's tacky. And how did she sit down in that thing?" [9] (#cite_note-9) In contrast, Variety magazine's Complete Book of Oscar Fashion referred to Gardiner's dress as "clever". [10] (#cite_note-10) Seeing the promotional potential of the dress, American Express were reported to have wanted to showcase the dress in its travel offices throughout the US. [6] (#cite_note-LA-6) The dress is now held by the National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) . [5] (#cite_note-ABC2017-5) [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b Jones, Jen (August 2007). Fashion . Capstone Press. p. 27. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4296-0129-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mansour2005_2-0) Mansour, David (2005). From Abba to Zoom: A pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century . Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 161. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7407-5118-9 . ^ a b c Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia . Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 70. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55002-574-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-Serwin2009_4-0) Serwin, Lisa (2009). So Many Shoes, So Little Money: A Girl's Guide to Finance . Lisa Serwin. p. 42. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4392-3121-0 . ^ a b c "How a dress made of credit cards stole the show during Priscilla's Oscar win" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-05/priscillas-1995-oscar-win-and-that-dress/8578418) . ABC News . 5 June 2017 . Retrieved 6 June 2017 . ^ a b Gellene, Denise (24 April 1995). "Designer Cashes in on That American Express Gold Card Dress" (http://articles.latimes.com/1995-04-14/business/fi-54698_1_american-express-gold-card) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved 25 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Communications2002_7-0) "At Fashion Island, You Can Experience Your Own Shopping Vacation" (https://books.google.com/books?id=kv0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA89) (Advertisement) . Orange Coast (/wiki/Orange_Coast_(magazine)) . Emmis Communications. October 2002. p. 89. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0279-0483 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0279-0483) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Oscars Best and Worst Dressed" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/red-carpet-dresses/best-and-worst-oscar-style) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . 25 February 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The 25 Best and Worst Oscar Gowns of All-Time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110225195434/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2053067_2053008_2053038,00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . 22 February 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2053067_2053008_2053038,00.html) on 25 February 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Reeve, Chace (2003). The Complete Book of Oscar Fashion: Variety's 75 Years of Glamour On the Red Carpet . New York: Reed Press. p. 151. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1594290016 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 53233868 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53233868) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The American Express ® gold card dress | Lizzy Gardiner (designer) | NGV | View Work" (http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/66073/) . www.ngv.vic.gov.au. v t e Notable red carpet outfits (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) 1950s White floral Givenchy dress (/wiki/White_floral_Givenchy_dress_of_Audrey_Hepburn) ( Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , 1954) 1990s Red Versace dress (/wiki/Red_Versace_dress_of_Cindy_Crawford) ( Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , 1991) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Elizabeth_Hurley) ( Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) , 1994) Lavender Prada dress (/wiki/Lavender_Prada_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 1995) American Express Gold card dress ( Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) , 1995) Chartreuse Dior dress (/wiki/Chartreuse_Dior_dress_of_Nicole_Kidman) ( Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) , 1997) Pink Ralph Lauren dress (/wiki/Pink_Ralph_Lauren_dress_of_Gwyneth_Paltrow) ( Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) , 1999) 2000s Early Green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) ( Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , 2000) Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress (/wiki/Crimson_Alberta_Ferretti_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 2000) Black and white Valentino dress (/wiki/Black_and_white_Valentino_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) ( Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) , 2001) Swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) ( Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , 2001) Elie Saab net dress (/wiki/Elie_Saab_net_dress_of_Halle_Berry) ( Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , 2002) Red Ben de Lisi dress (/wiki/Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet) ( Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) , 2002) Red Tarvydas dress (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) ( Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Rebecca_Judd) , 2004) White Marc Bouwer dress (/wiki/White_Marc_Bouwer_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2004) Late Navy blue Guy Laroche dress (/wiki/Navy_blue_Guy_Laroche_dress_of_Hilary_Swank) ( Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) , 2005) Yellow Valentino dress (/wiki/Yellow_Valentino_dress_of_Cate_Blanchett) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2005) Plum Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Plum_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Keira_Knightley) ( Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) , 2006) Saffron Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Saffron_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Michelle_Williams) ( Michelle Williams (/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)) , 2006) Pink feathered Versace dress (/wiki/Pink_feathered_Versace_dress_of_Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) ( Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) , 2007) Swarovski crystal mesh Armani dress (/wiki/Swarovski_crystal_mesh_Armani_Priv%C3%A9_gown) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2007) Ivory Jean Paul Gaultier dress (/wiki/Ivory_Jean_Paul_Gaultier_dress_of_Marion_Cotillard) ( Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) , 2008) 2010s Meat dress (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) ( Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , 2010) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2012) Blue Prada dress (/wiki/Blue_Prada_dress_of_Lupita_Nyong%27o) ( Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) , 2014) Black Christian Siriano tuxedo gown (/wiki/Black_Christian_Siriano_gown_of_Billy_Porter) ( Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) , 2019) 2020s Autograph suit (/wiki/Autograph_suit_of_Sandy_Powell) ( Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) , 2020) Other notable dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Category (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐kvhwr Cached time: 20240716041130 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.399 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 949/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 43598/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 781/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 52439/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.209/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4053698/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 341.384 1 -total 45.22% 154.384 1 Template:Reflist 30.77% 105.032 5 Template:Cite_book 29.37% 100.259 1 Template:Red_carpet_fashion 29.10% 99.328 2 Template:Navbox 13.07% 44.607 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 12.54% 42.822 1 Template:Infobox 7.56% 25.815 1 Template:Use_Australian_English 3.75% 12.807 2 Template:DMCA 3.31% 11.294 2 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31872867-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716041130 and revision id 1144308438. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Express_Gold_card_dress_of_Lizzy_Gardiner&oldid=1144308438 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Express_Gold_card_dress_of_Lizzy_Gardiner&oldid=1144308438) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) Outfits worn at the Academy Awards ceremonies (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) 1995 clothing (/wiki/Category:1995_clothing) American Express (/wiki/Category:American_Express) Metallic dresses (/wiki/Category:Metallic_dresses) Hidden categories: Use Australian English from March 2018 (/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_March_2018) All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English) Use dmy dates from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2022)
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Book by Paul Morand The Allure of Chanel First edition (French) Author Paul Morand (/wiki/Paul_Morand) Original title L'Allure de Chanel Translator Euan Cameron Language French Publisher Éditions Hermann (/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Hermann) Publication date 1976 Publication place France Published in English 2008 Pages 165 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9782705658380 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782705658380) The Allure of Chanel ( French (/wiki/French_language) : l'Allure de Chanel ) are the memoirs of the French fashion designer Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , told to her friend Paul Morand (/wiki/Paul_Morand) . The book was written in the winter of 1946 and is based on a series of conversations held at a hotel in St. Moritz (/wiki/St._Moritz) , Switzerland, where Chanel had invited Morand to write her memoirs. The conversations took place during the evenings and each night Morand stayed up to write notes. The notes were published in French in 1976 and in English in 2008, translated by Euan Cameron. A second English edition was published in 2012, expanded with original drawings by Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Reception [ edit ] Vicki Woods of The Spectator (/wiki/The_Spectator) wrote in 2008 that the book "reads beautifully", and continued: "Paul Morand was her friend, not a predatory journalist: he let Chanel tell it as she wanted to, and what she wanted was to control her own legend: big up the dazzling bits ... and lose the misery-memoir bits (except those useful to 'my legend')." [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Eyre, Charlotte (2015-02-09). "Student illustration award from Pushkin Press" (http://www.thebookseller.com/news/student-illustration-award-pushkin-press) . thebookseller.com (/wiki/The_Bookseller) . Retrieved 2015-03-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Woods, Vicki (2008-12-12). "The new look that never aged" (http://www.spectator.co.uk/books/3083096/the-new-look-that-never-aged/) . The Spectator (/wiki/The_Spectator) . Retrieved 2015-03-10 . External links [ edit ] The Allure of Chanel at the French publisher's website (in French) The Allure of Chanel at the British publisher's website v t e Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Owners Alain Wertheimer (/wiki/Alain_Wertheimer) Gérard Wertheimer (/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Wertheimer) Jacques Wertheimer (/wiki/Jacques_Wertheimer) Pierre Wertheimer (/wiki/Pierre_Wertheimer) Designers Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) Virginie Viard (/wiki/Virginie_Viard) Perfumers Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) Olivier Polge (/wiki/Olivier_Polge) Henri Robert (/wiki/Henri_Robert) Perfumes Bleu de Chanel (/wiki/Bleu_de_Chanel) Bois des Îles (/wiki/Bois_des_%C3%8Eles) Chanel No. 5 (/wiki/Chanel_No._5) Chanel No. 19 (/wiki/Chanel_No._19) Chanel No. 22 (/wiki/Chanel_No._22) Chanel Chance (/wiki/Chanel_Chance) Coco (/wiki/Coco_(perfume)) Coco Mademoiselle (/wiki/Coco_Mademoiselle) Cuir de Russie (/wiki/Cuir_de_Russie) Égoïste (/wiki/%C3%89go%C3%AFste) Garments Little black dress (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Jacqueline Kennedy's pink Chanel suit (/wiki/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy) Other products Chanel 2.55 handbag (/wiki/Chanel_2.55) Chanel J12 watch (/wiki/Chanel_J12) Films Chanel Solitaire (/wiki/Chanel_Solitaire) Coco Before Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Before_Chanel) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel_(film)) Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (/wiki/Coco_Chanel_%26_Igor_Stravinsky) No. 5 the Film (/wiki/No._5_the_Film) Musical Coco (/wiki/Coco_(musical)) Book The Allure of Chanel Related Mousse Partners (/wiki/Mousse_Partners) v t e Paul Morand (/wiki/Paul_Morand) Prose fiction Tender Shoots (/wiki/Tender_Shoots) (1921) Open All Night (/wiki/Open_All_Night_(short_story_collection)) (1922) Lewis and Irene (/wiki/Lewis_and_Irene) (1924) The Living Buddha (/wiki/The_Living_Buddha) (1927) World Champions (/wiki/World_Champions_(novel)) (1930) The Man in a Hurry (/wiki/The_Man_in_a_Hurry) (1941) Hecate and Her Dogs (/wiki/Hecate_and_Her_Dogs) (1954) Non-fiction books Black Magic (/wiki/Black_Magic_(book)) (1928) New York (/wiki/New_York_(Morand_book)) (1930) Venices (/wiki/Venices_(book)) (1971) The Allure of Chanel (1976) Other works Don Quixote (/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1933_film)) (1933) Don Quichotte à Dulcinée (/wiki/Don_Quichotte_%C3%A0_Dulcin%C3%A9e) (1934) Film adaptations Open All Night (/wiki/Open_All_Night_(1924_film)) (1924) The Three-Sided Mirror (/wiki/The_Three-Sided_Mirror) (1927) Ballerina (/wiki/Ballerina_(1937_film)) (1937) The Unfinished Dance (/wiki/The_Unfinished_Dance) (1947) Man in a Hurry (/wiki/Man_in_a_Hurry) (1977) Hécate (/wiki/H%C3%A9cate) (1982) Related Grand prix de littérature Paul-Morand (/wiki/Grand_prix_de_litt%C3%A9rature_Paul-Morand) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐szgzf Cached time: 20240712172152 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.351 seconds Real time usage: 0.479 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1311/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33230/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1384/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28507/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.256/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 18282352/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 444.677 1 -total 26.78% 119.099 1 Template:Infobox_book 24.55% 109.161 1 Template:Lang-fr 23.10% 102.707 1 Template:Infobox 17.16% 76.299 2 Template:Navbox 16.94% 75.329 1 Template:Chanel 14.78% 65.731 1 Template:Short_description 14.27% 63.449 1 Template:Reflist 11.20% 49.794 1 Template:ISBNT 10.66% 47.394 1 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45639131-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712172152 and revision id 1187893023. 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French costume designer Jany Temime Temime in 2018 Born France Other names Jany Fischer Jany Hubar Janine Hubar Jany Van Hellenberg Hubar Alma mater Paris Nanterre University (/wiki/Paris_Nanterre_University) ( MA (/wiki/Master_of_Arts) ) Occupation Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Years active 1975–present Jany Temime is a French [1] (#cite_note-1) costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . She is best known for her work on the final six films in the Harry Potter film series (/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)) , each of which garnered her Saturn Award (/wiki/Saturn_Award) nominations. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-Syfy-3) She won the Costume Designers Guild Award (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) in 2012 for the 2011 film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2) and in 2013 for the 2012 film Skyfall (/wiki/Skyfall) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Early life [ edit ] Temime spent most of her childhood in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France. The daughter of French ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) company owners, she progressed from creating outfits for her dolls to designing, fitting, and producing costumes for her entire class's school play at the age of eight. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Fashionista-7) In Paris, she earned master's degrees in French and Literature (/wiki/Literature) (or Latin (/wiki/Latin) ) [ contradictory ] at Paris Nanterre University (/wiki/Paris_Nanterre_University) , as well as a certificate in Art History (/wiki/Art_history) . [8] (#cite_note-Filmdoctor-8) [9] (#cite_note-Temime-9) Her first job was at lifestyle magazine Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) as a fashion journalist (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) . [8] (#cite_note-Filmdoctor-8) Career [ edit ] While training at Elle , Temime was advised to start a career in the film industry. She subsequently moved to the Netherlands where she started by designing for short films and commercials. She later gained recognition for her work on several major Dutch film productions, such as De Lift (/wiki/De_Lift) , Ciske de Rat (/wiki/Ciske_de_Rat_(1984_film)) , Op hoop van zegen , as well as Academy Award (/wiki/Academy_Award) -winning productions Antonia's Line (/wiki/Antonia%27s_Line) and Character (/wiki/Character_(film)) . After moving to London (/wiki/London) , England, Temime served as costume designer for the last six films in the Harry Potter film series, the 2013 film Gravity (/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)) , and two films in the James Bond film series (/wiki/James_Bond_(film_series)) , Skyfall (/wiki/Skyfall) and Spectre (/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)) , elevating her expertise to international recognition. [9] (#cite_note-Temime-9) Succeeding Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) as costume designer for the third film of the Harry Potter film series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Prisoner_of_Azkaban_(film)) , Temime was tasked with reinventing the established look of the then two-part-series. Highlighting the actors' coming of age and giving the series an overall more realistic and relatable look was important for both Temime and the film's director Alfonso Cuarón (/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n) who had also been new to the series. Though Cuarón would not be involved with any future installments, Temime kept her role up until the final film, each new film challenging her to adapt her costumes to the characters' growing age and unique arcs. [10] (#cite_note-Elite-10) [11] (#cite_note-Insider-11) After working on several period films and a decade of designing for the Harry Potter fantasy series, Temime transitioned to designing reality-based space suits (/wiki/Space_suit) for the 2013 film Gravity (/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)) , which, as she claims in an interview with The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , proved to be her biggest technical challenge up until that point. [12] (#cite_note-12) After thorough research into actual space suit designs, Temime had to make significant – preferably unnoticeable – changes to accommodate the actors, while still retaining a scientifically accurate look. In order to allow lead actress Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) to easily open the suit and undress by herself, Temime moved the zipper to the front of the torso and removed the cooling garment (/wiki/Liquid_cooling_and_ventilation_garment) and diaper (/wiki/Maximum_Absorbency_Garment) , changes that were criticized by the scientific community. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) For the project, Temime deviated from her usual pen-to-paper approach to conceptualization and created the costumes in a digital 3D environment instead. [15] (#cite_note-15) With her involvement in the 23rd and 24th James Bond film, Skyfall and Spectre , Temime's work was specifically centered around adjusting the Bond girl's appearance to today's society's idea of femininity, as well as making their outfits more functional and logical. Whereas older entries meant to dress Bond girls solely for the purpose of eye candy (/wiki/Physical_attractiveness) , modern Bond girls were supposed to have a more sophisticated, feminist (/wiki/Feminism) , and independent approach to their style, according to Temime. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [3] (#cite_note-Syfy-3) [8] (#cite_note-Filmdoctor-8) Temime declined to return as costume designer for the Harry Potter spin-off film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (/wiki/Fantastic_Beasts_and_Where_to_Find_Them_(film)) because she felt that her involvement with the franchise was meant to end after the conclusion of the main series. [11] (#cite_note-Insider-11) In 2017, Temime joined artists' supply brand Prismacolor (/wiki/Prismacolor) , products of which she frequently uses for her own work, as an advocate. [10] (#cite_note-Elite-10) [11] (#cite_note-Insider-11) [18] (#cite_note-InStyle-18) [7] (#cite_note-Fashionista-7) Controversy [ edit ] During the promotion of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_1) in 2010, Temime, who served as the film's costume designer, was widely accused of copying a dress from the Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) fall 2008 collection " The Girl Who Lived in the Tree (/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Lived_in_the_Tree) " for the film. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) The white layered tulle dress, worn by the character Fleur Delacour (/wiki/Fleur_Delacour) in the context of a wedding ceremony, features a pattern of two phoenixes (/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)) facing each other on the bodice and black over-laid peacock feathers dissolving down the length of the dress. The latter appears to be directly copied from the Alexander McQueen dress, while the peacock motif was slightly altered to more closely resemble the phoenix. Temime has commented in an interview with the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) that she wanted the dress to be a "witch wedding dress but not a Halloween dress. The dress is white but it needed to have something fantastic to it. So there is the phoenix [motif], the bird, which is a symbol of love in a way because there is rebirth, love never dies, it is born again." [23] (#cite_note-23) Personal life [ edit ] Temime has maintained a friendship with actress Emma Watson (/wiki/Emma_Watson) , whom she dressed for the role of Hermione Granger (/wiki/Hermione_Granger) in Harry Potter over a span of six films. As Watson began modelling for such brands as Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) and Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Temime was hired as her stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) for film premieres. [18] (#cite_note-InStyle-18) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Costumes of (from left to right) Emma Watson (/wiki/Emma_Watson) as Hermione Granger (/wiki/Hermione_Granger) , Daniel Radcliffe (/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe) as Harry Potter (/wiki/Harry_Potter_(character)) , and Rupert Grint (/wiki/Rupert_Grint) as Ron Weasley (/wiki/Ron_Weasley) in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2) Costume of Imelda Staunton (/wiki/Imelda_Staunton) as Dolores Umbridge (/wiki/Dolores_Umbridge) Costumes of Sandra Bullock (/wiki/Sandra_Bullock) as Dr. Ryan Stone (left) and George Clooney (/wiki/George_Clooney) as Lieutenant Matt Kowalski (right) in Gravity (/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)) Costume of Daniel Craig (/wiki/Daniel_Craig) as James Bond (/wiki/Portrayal_of_James_Bond_in_film#Films) in Spectre (/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)) Year Title Notes 1975 Red Sien (/wiki/Red_Sien) as Jany Fischer 1979 Uit elkaar as Janine Hubar 1980 The Lucky Star as Jany Van Hellenberg Hubar 1982 A Question of Silence (/wiki/A_Question_of_Silence) as Jany Hubar 1983 Een zaak van leven of dood De Lift (/wiki/De_Lift) 1984 Ciske de Rat (/wiki/Ciske_de_Rat_(1984_film)) 1985 Private Resistance (/wiki/Private_Resistance) as Jany Van Hellenberg Hubar De prooi The Dream (/wiki/The_Dream_(1985_film)) as Jany Hubar 1986 Op hoop van zegen as Jany Van Hellenberg Hubar 1988 Honneponnetje (/wiki/Honneponnetje) 1989 Rituelen 1990 In the Shadow of the Sandcastle as Jany Hubar 1992 The Johnsons (/wiki/The_Johnsons) For a Lost Soldier (/wiki/For_a_Lost_Soldier) 1993 Belle van Zuylen – Madame de Charrière (/wiki/Belle_van_Zuylen_%E2%80%93_Madame_de_Charri%C3%A8re) Unknown Time 1994 1000 Roses (/wiki/1000_Roses) The Butterfly Lifts the Cat Up (/wiki/The_Butterfly_Lifts_the_Cat_Up) 1995 Last Call Antonia's Line (/wiki/Antonia%27s_Line) All Men Are Mortal (/wiki/All_Men_Are_Mortal_(film)) 1996 Crimetime (/wiki/Crimetime) 1997 Character (/wiki/Character_(film)) House of America (/wiki/House_of_America) Won —BAFTA Cymru Award for Best Costume 1998 1998 The Commissioner (/wiki/The_Commissioner_(film)) 1999 Sunset Heights De bal 2000 Rancid Aluminium (/wiki/Rancid_Aluminium) Gangster No. 1 (/wiki/Gangster_No._1) The Luzhin Defence (/wiki/The_Luzhin_Defence) 2001 High Heels and Low Lifes (/wiki/High_Heels_and_Low_Lifes) Invincible (/wiki/Invincible_(2001_drama_film)) 2002 La balsa de piedra A Family Man Moonlight (/wiki/Moonlight_(2002_film)) 2003 Resistance (/wiki/Resistance_(2003_film)) 2004 Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Prisoner_of_Azkaban_(film)) Nominated— Saturn Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2005 Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (/wiki/Bridget_Jones:_The_Edge_of_Reason_(film)) 2005 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire_(film)) Nominated— Saturn Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2006 Nominated— Satellite Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2005 2006 Copying Beethoven (/wiki/Copying_Beethoven) Children of Men (/wiki/Children_of_Men) 2007 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_(film)) Nominated— Saturn Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2008 Nominated— Costume Designers Guild Award (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) for Excellence in Fantasy Film 2008 2008 In Bruges (/wiki/In_Bruges) 2009 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_(film)) Nominated— Saturn Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2010 2010 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_1) Nominated— Saturn Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2011 2011 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2) Nominated— Saturn Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2012 Nominated—Award Circuit Community Award for Best Achievement in Costume Design 2011 Won — Costume Designers Guild Award (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) for Excellence in Fantasy Film 2012 2012 Wrath of the Titans (/wiki/Wrath_of_the_Titans) Skyfall (/wiki/Skyfall) Won — Costume Designers Guild Award (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) for Excellence in Contemporary Film 2013 2013 Gravity (/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)) 2014 Hercules (/wiki/Hercules_(2014_film)) 2015 Spectre (/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)) Victor Frankenstein (/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein_(film)) 2016 Passengers (/wiki/Passengers_(2016_film)) 2017 Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool (/wiki/Film_Stars_Don%27t_Die_in_Liverpool) 2019 The Kid Who Would Be King (/wiki/The_Kid_Who_Would_Be_King) Judy (/wiki/Judy_(film)) Nominated— British Independent Film Award (/wiki/British_Independent_Film_Awards) for Best Costume Design 2019 Nominated— Satellite Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2020 Nominated— BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 2020 6 Underground (/wiki/6_Underground_(film)) 2021 Black Widow (/wiki/Black_Widow_(2021_film)) Television [ edit ] Year Title Notes 1976 Sil de Strandjutter as Jany Fischer 1982 Tony as Jany Hubar 1989 Beppie 1991 De Dageraad 1994 Coma Pril geluk 1995 Achilles en het zebrapad De Partizanen 1996 Marrakech (/wiki/Marrakech_(film)) In naam der Koningin 1998 Het glinsterend panster 2022 House of the Dragon (/wiki/House_of_the_Dragon) Won — Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Television (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Sci-Fi/Fantasy_Television) 2023 (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards_2022) [24] (#cite_note-24) Awards and honours [ edit ] BAFTA Awards, Wales 1998: House of America , Best Costume. Costume Designers Guild Awards (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild#Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards) 2012: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 , Excellence in Fantasy Film. 2013: Skyfall , Excellence in Contemporary Film. 2023: House of the Dragon , Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Television. Netherlands Film Festival (/wiki/Netherlands_Film_Festival) 1995: Special Jury Prize for her costume designs. Rembrandt Awards (/wiki/Rembrandt_Award) 2010: Honorary Rembrandt Award for her work as costume designer. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Talabot, Jean (20 July 2017). "Les secrets d'Harry Potter racontés par la grande costumière de la saga" (https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2017/07/20/03002-20170720ARTFIG00003-les-secrets-d-harry-potter-racontes-par-la-grande-costumiere-de-la-saga.php) . Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (in French). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210228161144/https://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2017/07/20/03002-20170720ARTFIG00003-les-secrets-d-harry-potter-racontes-par-la-grande-costumiere-de-la-saga.php) from the original on 28 February 2021 . Retrieved 18 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Thompson, Eliza (8 June 2017). "Jany Temime reveals how her childhood spent dressing up dolls led to her career as Hollywood's top costume designer" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/movies/a9997599/jany-temime-harry-potter-interview/) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133906/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/movies/a9997599/jany-temime-harry-potter-interview/) from the original on 19 April 2021 . Retrieved 25 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Granshaw, Lisa (6 April 2018). "Behind the Blockbuster: Designing costumes for Harry Potter and James Bond" (https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/behind-the-blockbuster-designing-costumes-for-harry-potter-and-james-bond) . Syfy Wire (/wiki/Syfy#Syfy_Wire) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201028063155/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/behind-the-blockbuster-designing-costumes-for-harry-potter-and-james-bond) from the original on 28 October 2020 . Retrieved 25 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Winners of the 14th Annual Costume Designers Guild Awards" (https://costumedesignersguild.com/awards/awards-archive/awards2012/) . Costume Designers Guild . 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210302133656/https://costumedesignersguild.com/awards/awards-archive/awards2012/) from the original on 2 March 2021 . Retrieved 14 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Costume Designers Guild Awards: 'Dragon Tattoo', 'W.E.', 'Harry Potter', 'Glee', 'Boardwalk Empire', 'Downton Abbey' (https://deadline.com/2012/02/costumers-designers-guild-awards-234385/) " (https://deadline.com/2012/02/costumers-designers-guild-awards-234385/) . Deadline . 21 February 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210115175608/https://deadline.com/2012/02/costumers-designers-guild-awards-234385/) from the original on 15 January 2021 . Retrieved 14 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jones, Emma (28 February 2016). "Jany Temime reveals how her childhood spent dressing up dolls led to her career as Hollywood's top costume designer" (https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/movies/movie-news/jany-temime-reveals-how-childhood-7453105) . Daily Record (/wiki/Daily_Record_(Scotland)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201010162144/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/movies/movie-news/jany-temime-reveals-how-childhood-7453105) from the original on 10 October 2020 . Retrieved 25 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Brannigan, Maura (13 June 2017). "How 'Harry Potter' Costume Designer Jany Temime Created a World of Magic Through Clothing" (https://fashionista.com/2017/06/jany-temime-harry-potter-costume-designer-interview) . Fashionista (/wiki/Fashionista_(website)) . Retrieved 6 July 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c " (http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2015/10/25/spectre-costume-designer-jany-temime-in-conversation/) 'Spectre' costume designer – Jany Temime – In Conversation" (http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2015/10/25/spectre-costume-designer-jany-temime-in-conversation/) . FilmDoctor.co.uk . 25 October 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210125165015/http://filmdoctor.co.uk/2015/10/25/spectre-costume-designer-jany-temime-in-conversation/) from the original on 25 January 2021 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tompkins, Michelle (26 June 2017). "Exclusive Interview With Jany Temime, The Costume Designer Behind Harry Potter, James Bond" (https://www.inquisitr.com/4320620/exclusive-interview-with-jany-temime-the-costume-designer-behind-harry-potter-james-bond/) . Inquisitr (/wiki/Inquisitr) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201120150001/https://www.inquisitr.com/4320620/exclusive-interview-with-jany-temime-the-costume-designer-behind-harry-potter-james-bond/) from the original on 20 November 2020 . Retrieved 25 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Menta, Anna (19 June 2017). "Why Did They Change The 'Harry Potter' Costumes In 'Prisoner Of Azkaban'?" (https://www.elitedaily.com/entertainment/film/harry-potter-jany-temime-interview/1992751) . Elite Daily (/wiki/Elite_Daily) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210227131607/https://www.elitedaily.com/entertainment/film/harry-potter-jany-temime-interview/1992751) from the original on 27 February 2021 . Retrieved 29 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Shamsian, Jacob (13 June 2017). "The 'Harry Potter' costume designer reveals why she didn't return for 'Fantastic Beasts': 'It was finished' (https://www.insider.com/harry-potter-costume-designer-jany-temime-fantastic-beasts-2017-6) " (https://www.insider.com/harry-potter-costume-designer-jany-temime-fantastic-beasts-2017-6) . Insider (/wiki/Insider_Inc.#Websites#Insider) . Retrieved 29 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Lee Harris, Rachel (31 January 2014). "Clothes and Character: 'Gravity' (https://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/clothes-and-character-gravity/) " (https://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/clothes-and-character-gravity/) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220312105042/https://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/clothes-and-character-gravity/) from the original on 12 March 2022 . Retrieved 12 March 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Gravity's Space-Diaper Fiasco; Beyoncé Debuts Her First Calendar" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/gravitys-space-diaper-fiasco-beyonce-debuts-her-first-calendar?ref=scroll) . The Daily Beast (/wiki/The_Daily_Beast) . 10 August 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210517120257/https://www.thedailybeast.com/gravitys-space-diaper-fiasco-beyonce-debuts-her-first-calendar?ref=scroll) from the original on 17 May 2021 . Retrieved 17 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kluger, Jeffrey (1 October 2013). "Gravity Fact Check: What the Season's Big Movie Gets Wrong" (http://science.time.com/2013/10/01/what-gravity-gets-right-and-wrong-about-space/#ixzz2h4cHznB5%20) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133738/https://science.time.com/2013/10/01/what-gravity-gets-right-and-wrong-about-space/) from the original on 24 January 2021 . Retrieved 17 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Harris, Rachel Lee (31 January 2014). "Clothes and Character: 'Gravity' (https://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/clothes-and-character-gravity/) " (https://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/clothes-and-character-gravity/) . The Carpetbagger (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201017012750/https://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/31/clothes-and-character-gravity/) from the original on 17 October 2020 . Retrieved 17 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Holmes, Adam (9 April 2018). "How James Bond's Costume Designer Made The Women More Feminist" (https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2400312/how-james-bonds-costume-designer-made-the-women-more-feminist) . CinemaBlend.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201124093050/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2400312/how-james-bonds-costume-designer-made-the-women-more-feminist) from the original on 24 November 2020 . Retrieved 29 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Laneri, Raquel (30 October 2015). "The Bond Girls Have A Whole New Look" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/bond-movie-costume-designer-jany-temime-interview) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190629183850/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/bond-movie-costume-designer-jany-temime-interview) from the original on 29 June 2019 . Retrieved 29 June 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bahoul, Olivia (23 June 2017). "Harry Potter's Costume Designer Shares Secrets from Set that Not Even a Superfan Would Know" (https://www.instyle.com/reviews-coverage/movies/harry-potter-costume-designer-interview) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133319/https://www.instyle.com/reviews-coverage/movies/harry-potter-costume-designer-interview) from the original on 24 January 2021 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Sauers, Jenna (25 October 2010). "Harry Potter Knocks Off Alexander McQueen" (https://jezebel.com/harry-potter-knocks-off-alexander-mcqueen-5672772) . Jezebel (/wiki/Jezebel_(website)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210126143829/https://jezebel.com/harry-potter-knocks-off-alexander-mcqueen-5672772) from the original on 26 January 2021 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Harry Potter fashion spoiler" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8087321/Harry-Potter-costume-designer-accused-of-stealing-Alexander-McQueen-design.html) . LelaLondon.com . 24 October 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201019222431/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8087321/Harry-Potter-costume-designer-accused-of-stealing-Alexander-McQueen-design.html) from the original on 19 October 2020 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Wang, Connie (25 October 2010). "Harry Potter Steals Alexander McQueen Designs" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101107172801/http://www.refinery29.com/did-the-designer-harry-potter-steal-designs-from-alexander-mcqueen.php) . Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) . Archived from the original (https://www.refinery29.com/did-the-designer-harry-potter-steal-designs-from-alexander-mcqueen.php) on 7 November 2010 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) White, Belinda (26 October 2010). "Harry Potter costume designer accused of stealing Alexander McQueen design" (http://www.lelalondon.com/2010/10/harry-potter-fashion-spoiler/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210122221206/http://www.lelalondon.com/2010/10/harry-potter-fashion-spoiler/) from the original on 22 January 2021 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Geoff, Boucher (21 October 2010). " (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023124804/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/10/21/harry-potter-countdown-the-deathly-hallows-wedding-is-last-festive-moment-in-grim-finale/) 'Harry Potter' countdown: The 'Deathly Hallows' wedding is last festive moment in grim finale" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101023124804/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/10/21/harry-potter-countdown-the-deathly-hallows-wedding-is-last-festive-moment-in-grim-finale/) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Archived from the original (http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2010/10/21/harry-potter-countdown-the-deathly-hallows-wedding-is-last-festive-moment-in-grim-finale/) on 23 October 2010 . Retrieved 30 June 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Pedersen, Erik (28 February 2023). "Costume Designers Guild Awards: 'Elvis', 'Everything Everywhere' & 'Glass Onion' Take Film Prizes – Winners List" (https://deadline.com/2023/02/costume-designers-guild-awards-2023-winners-list-1235273355/) . Deadline . Retrieved 3 March 2023 . External links [ edit ] Jany Temime (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0278973/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Jany Temime (https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p194062) at AllMovie (/wiki/AllMovie) Jany Temime (https://www.instagram.com/janytemime_costume_designer/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Awards for Jany Temime v t e Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Contemporary Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film) Film (1998) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (1998) Contemporary (1999–present) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (1999) Jeffrey Kurland (/wiki/Jeffrey_Kurland) (2000) Karen Patch (2001) Wendy Chuck (2002) Durinda Wood (2003) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2004) Danny Glicker (/wiki/Danny_Glicker) (2005) Consolata Boyle (/wiki/Consolata_Boyle) (2006) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (2007) Suttirat Anne Larlarb (/wiki/Suttirat_Anne_Larlarb) (2008) Doug Hall (2009) Amy Westcott (2010) Trish Summerville (/wiki/Trish_Summerville) (2011) Jany Temime (2012) Suzy Benzinger (2013) Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) (2014) Jenny Eagan (2015) Mary Zophres (/wiki/Mary_Zophres) (2016) Jennifer Johnson (2017) Mary E. Vogt (2018) Jenny Eagan (2019) Nancy Steiner (/wiki/Nancy_Steiner) (2020) Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) (2021) Jenny Eagan (2022) Sophie Canale (2023) v t e Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Fantasy Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Fantasy_Film) Film (1998) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (1998) Period or Fantasy (1999–2004) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (1999) Rita Ryack (/wiki/Rita_Ryack) (2000) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (2001) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2002) Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) (2003) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2004) Fantasy (2005–present) Isis Mussenden (/wiki/Isis_Mussenden) (2005) Lala Huete (2006) Ruth Myers (/wiki/Ruth_Myers_(costume_designer)) (2007) Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) (2008) Monique Prudhomme (2009) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2010) Jany Temime (2011) Eiko Ishioka (/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka) (2012) Trish Summerville (/wiki/Trish_Summerville) (2013) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2014) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2015) Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) (2016) Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) (2017) Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) (2018) Ellen Mirojnick (/wiki/Ellen_Mirojnick) (2019) Bina Daigeler (/wiki/Bina_Daigeler) (2020) Jacqueline West (/wiki/Jacqueline_West) and Robert Morgan (/wiki/Bob_Morgan_(costume_designer)) (2021) Shirley Kurata (/wiki/Shirley_Kurata) (2022) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2023) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/84145541728796601291) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1082231045) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2003101785) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐9qxnq Cached time: 20240720204523 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.494 seconds Real time usage: 0.908 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3606/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 92205/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12910/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 123241/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.290/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6893954/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 559.672 1 -total 33.41% 186.963 1 Template:Reflist 27.71% 155.075 23 Template:Cite_web 21.80% 121.985 1 Template:Infobox_person 12.03% 67.356 1 Template:Short_description 10.65% 59.578 1 Template:Navboxes 8.75% 48.983 1 Template:Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film 8.21% 45.929 2 Template:Navbox 6.40% 35.845 2 Template:Pagetype 6.12% 34.260 21 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61147874-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720204523 and revision id 1235715168. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Maria_Luisa_Poumaillou) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Maria Luisa Poumaillou" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Maria+Luisa+Poumaillou%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Maria+Luisa+Poumaillou%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Maria+Luisa+Poumaillou%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Maria+Luisa+Poumaillou%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Maria+Luisa+Poumaillou%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Maria+Luisa+Poumaillou%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Maria Luisa Poumaillou (c. 1953 – April 7, 2015) was a French (/wiki/French_people) buyer known for her Paris boutiques named "Maria Luisa". [1] (#cite_note-Drapers-1) Although the boutique closed in 2010, the brand has been continued as an online shop, and Poumaillou became a fashion consultant for the Paris department store Printemps (/wiki/Printemps) . She died on April 7, 2015, after a long illness. [2] (#cite_note-2) Biography [ edit ] Maria Luisa Poumaillou was born in Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) and emigrated to Paris with her parents when she was 7. Her education includes political science in Paris and a literature degree in Madrid. Poumaillou opened her first boutique with her husband Daniel in 1988, in rue Cambon in Paris. With no previous experience in buying, she placed her first orders with designers she had admired in fashion magazines. Based on Poumaillou's opinionated choices among independent designers, her salon carried a unique mix of choices often not seen elsewhere, making it popular with Parisians and international shoppers. "Maria Luisa" has offered a selection of renowned designers such as Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) , Helmut Lang (/wiki/Helmut_Lang_(artist)) , Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) , Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , Haider Ackermann, Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) and Riccardo Tisci (/wiki/Riccardo_Tisci) . In 2010, Poumaillou closed the "Maria Luisa" boutique and moved to an online retailing model. She took a consultancy at Printemps (/wiki/Printemps) where she sold her brand of fashion choice. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Drapers_1-0) Ana Santi (14 August 2012). "Maria Luisa Poumaillou" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/independents/the-drapers-interview/maria-luisa-poumaillou/5016078.article) . Drapers (/wiki/Drapers_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Mort de l'acheteuse de mode Maria Luisa" (http://next.liberation.fr/mode/2015/04/07/mort-de-l-acheteuse-de-mode-maria-luisa_1236558) . Libération (in French). April 7, 2015 . Retrieved November 25, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Johanna Luyssen (December 22, 2014). "Maria Luisa, histoire d'œil" (http://next.liberation.fr/mode/2014/12/22/maria-luisa-histoire-d-oeil_1155113) . Libération (in French) . Retrieved November 25, 2020 . 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Models walk down the runway for the final walk through in a fashion show wearing designs by Claudia Bertolero during the Miami Fashion Week Miami Fashion Week (MIAFW) is an annual fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) held in Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) , United States (/wiki/United_States) . Miami Fashion Week, not to be confused with the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Miami) or Miami Swim Week (/wiki/Miami_Swim_Week) , takes place every year the first week of June. Miami Fashion Week was started in 1998 and is the world's largest fashion week for Latin American (/wiki/Latin_America) and the Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean) fashion designers. [1] (#cite_note-1) Relaunch [ edit ] In May 2015 the company was acquired by The Fashion Shows, LLC and developed an innovative strategic relaunching plan. Miami Fashion Week since 2016 has been considered the second largest fashion event in the United States. [2] (#cite_note-Newswire-2) The brand then welcomed Antonio Banderas as its Honorary President. Following the relaunch of Miami Fashion Week, the brand had a clear focus on debuting resort collections of established and emerging international designers. [3] (#cite_note-3) Even with the focus on international designers, Miami Fashion Week has been dedicated to cultivating the fashion industry in Miami. Miami's diverse connection between Latin America and the United States encourages the development of Miami's ever-growing artists and designers. [4] (#cite_note-4) 2019 Fashion Week [ edit ] From May 29 to June 2, 2019, Miami Fashion Week was place. Events were held at various locations in Miami, including the EPIC Hotel, Saks Fifth Avenue Brickell, Chotto Matte, and Seaspice. On the Wolfson Campus of Miami Dade College, information summits were conducted, and Ice Palace Film Studios hosted runway shows. [5] (#cite_note-5) Premium sponsors of MIAFW 2019 included PORCELANOSA (/wiki/Porcelanosa) , builders of this year's runway, Lexus (/wiki/Lexus) , and EPIC Hotel, the official hotel partner for MIAFW 2019. Other sponsors included Univisión (/wiki/Univisi%C3%B3n) , E! Entertainment (/wiki/E!_Entertainment) , Miami International Airport (/wiki/Miami_International_Airport) , and Bo Concept (/wiki/Bo_Concept) . [2] (#cite_note-Newswire-2) Exclusive resort collections for the 2020 season were debuted from designers Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada (/wiki/%C3%81gatha_Ruiz_de_la_Prada) , RR by Rene, Fernando Alberto Atelier, Daniella Batlle, Glory Ang, Vero Diaz, Herminas Reea, and others. As part of this year's events, the Dominican Republic (/wiki/Dominican_Republic) was a guest country and featured an exclusive runway show with acclaimed designers Giannina Azar, Jenny Polanco, Arcadio Díaz, Jacqueline Then, and Monica Varela. [6] (#cite_note-Forbes-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Miami Fashion Week Announces In-person Return" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/miami-fashion-week-announces-in-person-return-1235178597/) . WWD . 17 May 2022. ^ a b "Miami Fashion Week® Announces Official 2019 Lineup" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/miami-fashion-week-announces-official-2019-lineup-300852042.html) . PR Newswire (Press release) . Retrieved 22 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rondon, Lissette. "Miami Fashion Week debuts tomorrow with never-before-seen collections from international designers Custo Barcelona, Ángel Sánchez & Ágatha Ruiz De La Prada, among others" (http://miamifashionspotlight.org/fashion/miami-fashion-week-debuts-tomorrow/) . Miami Fashion Spotlight . Retrieved 22 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "About" (https://miamifashionweek.com/about) . Miami Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Schedule" (https://miamifashionweek.com/schedule) . Miami Fashion Week . Retrieved 22 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Forbes_6-0) DeAcetis, Joseph. "What Makes Miami Fashion Week Different From All The Other Fashion Weeks Around The World?" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/josephdeacetis/2018/07/10/what-makes-miami-fashion-week-different-from-all-the-other-fashion-weeks-around-the-world/#111e0b957e06) . Forbes . Retrieved 22 July 2019 . External links [ edit ] Miami Fashion Week Official website (http://www.miamifashionweek.com) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miami_Fashion_Week&action=edit) . v t e This article related to Miami (/wiki/Miami) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miami_Fashion_Week&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐8x6s8 Cached time: 20240715033915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.204 seconds Real time usage: 0.247 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 388/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14809/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 82/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30717/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.143/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3435543/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 215.868 1 -total 63.93% 137.994 1 Template:Reflist 51.53% 111.235 5 Template:Cite_web 34.07% 73.543 2 Template:Asbox 33.91% 73.211 1 Template:Fashion-stub 2.49% 5.369 1 Template:Cite_press_release 2.07% 4.468 1 Template:Miami-stub 0.69% 1.492 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18410284-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715033915 and revision id 1218303004. 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Japanese art director Sebastian Masuda Sebastian Masuda at the 27th Annual Tokyo International Film Festival Born ( 1970-08-07 ) August 7, 1970 (age 53) Matsudo City (/wiki/Matsudo) , Chiba Prefecture (/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture) , Japan Occupation(s) Artist, art director, and producer Sebastian Masuda ( 増田 セバスチャン , Masuda Sebasuchan , born August 7, 1970) , is a Japanese artist, art director, and producer of the Harajuku (/wiki/Harajuku) shop 6%DOKIDOKI. Born in Matsudo City (/wiki/Matsudo) , Chiba Prefecture (/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture) , Japan. He has been active from 1995 to current day. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) He has directed and designed performances for Kyary Pamyu Pamyu (/wiki/Kyary_Pamyu_Pamyu) . [3] (#cite_note-auto-3) [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) He is known as a pioneer of kawaii (/wiki/Kawaii) culture and often referred to as the "king of kawaii" [5] (#cite_note-5) or "father of kawaii" [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] Masuda was born in Matsudo City (/wiki/Matsudo) , Chiba Prefecture (/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture) , Japan. He began his career in the world of theater and contemporary art, but in 1995, Sebastian opened 6%DOKIDOKI in Ura-Harajuku (/wiki/Ura-Harajuku) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Celebrities have visited 6%DOKIDOKI, including Conan O'Brien (/wiki/Conan_O%27Brien) , [9] (#cite_note-9) and clothing and accessories have been worn by BLACKPINK (/wiki/Blackpink) , and Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) He was the art director for Kyary Pamyu Pamyu (/wiki/Kyary_Pamyu_Pamyu) 's Pon Pon Pon (/wiki/Pon_Pon_Pon) music video in 2011, which garnered international attention. [3] (#cite_note-auto-3) [11] (#cite_note-11) He designed the Kawaii Monster Cafe in Harajuku, [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) which had been a tourist destination, including visits from celebrities Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , [14] (#cite_note-14) singer Dua Lipa (/wiki/Dua_Lipa) and Jenny of K-pop’s Blackpink (/wiki/Blackpink) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Sushidelic in SoHo, Manhattan (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , [ citation needed ] and "Miracle Gift Parade" to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the opening of Sanrio Puroland (/wiki/Sanrio_Puroland) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2014, he began his first solo exhibition Colorful Rebellion -Seventh Nightmare- in New York. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2017, he was appointed as a Cultural Envoy by the Agency for Cultural Affairs and he has lived in the Netherlands while producing artwork, he has traveled to the African continent doing workshops and lectures. [18] (#cite_note-18) He is a visiting professor for Kyoto University of Art and Design and Yokohama College of Art and Design. [19] (#cite_note-19) He was also a visiting scholar at the Department of East Asian Studies at NYU [20] (#cite_note-20) Solo exhibitions [ edit ] 2014「Colorful Rebellion –Seventh nightmare-」(Kianga Ellis Projects, New York February 28, 2014 – March 29, 2014) ( Young At Art Museum (/wiki/Young_at_Art_Museum) , Miami July 12, 2014 – January 5, 2015) (Padiglione Visconti, Italy April 14, 2015 – April 19, 2015) (Terrada T-Art Gallery, Tokyo December 18 – 27, 2015) ( Tropenmuseum (/wiki/Tropenmuseum) , Amsterdam September 28, 2018 – September 1, 2019) [21] (#cite_note-21) 2015「TRUE COLORS」(T-Art Gallery, Tokyo) [22] (#cite_note-22) 2016 「TRUE COLORS」(Ronin Gallery, New York) [23] (#cite_note-23) 2017 「Point-Rhythm World -Monet's Microcosm- “」( POLA Museum of Art (/wiki/Pola_Museum_of_Art) ) [24] (#cite_note-24) 2017 「YOUR COLORS」(ROPPONGI HILLS A/D GALLERY) [25] (#cite_note-25) 2019 「FOREVER COLORS」(ROPPONGI HILLS A/D GALLERY) [26] (#cite_note-26) Group exhibitions [ edit ] December 6, 2014 Time After Time Capsule in Miami [27] (#cite_note-27) May 3, 2015 Time After Time Capsule in NYC / Dag Hammarskjold Plaza (/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Plaza) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) November 13, 2015 – May 2016 Time After Time Capsule NY Hello Kitty (/wiki/Hello_Kitty) meets Seattle / EMP Museum (/wiki/EMP_Museum) [30] (#cite_note-30) April 13–16 2016 Time After Time Capsule in Washington, D.C. / Japan Bowl , National Cherry Blossom Festival [31] (#cite_note-31) July 3, 2016 Time After Time Capsule in London / Camden Market North Yard [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) July 7–10, 2016 Time After Time Capsule in Paris / Japan Expo [34] (#cite_note-34) July 23–24, 2016 Time After Time Capsule in San Francisco/J-POP SUMMIT [35] (#cite_note-35) November 26, 27, 2016 Time After Time Capsule in Singapore / Anime Festival Asia [36] (#cite_note-36) Nov 1, 2016 – Jan 29, 2017 Time After Time Capsule in Los Angeles / Japanese American National Museum [37] (#cite_note-37) May 14, 2017 Time After Time Capsule in NYC vol.2 / Japan Day at Central Park [38] (#cite_note-38) Oct. 13, 2017 – Ma 18, 2018 Time After Time Capsule in Alaska / ”The Art of Fandom” at Anchorage Museum [39] (#cite_note-39) November 26, 2017 Time After Time Capsule in Cape Town, South Africa / V&A Water Front [40] (#cite_note-40) November 30, 2017 Time After Time Capsule in Luanda , Republic of Angola / Angola National School of Arts January 13, 2018 Time After Time Capsule in La Paz , Bolivia / Cinemateca Boliviana [41] (#cite_note-41) January 20, 2018 Time After Time Capsule in Sao Paulo , Brazil / Japan House [42] (#cite_note-42) 2017「The Doremon Exhibition TOKYO 2017」Mori Arts Center Gallery, Tokyo [43] (#cite_note-43) 2019「Gaping Hole Secret」Reborn Art Festival 2019 [44] (#cite_note-44) 2020「Primal Pop (Pac-Man Mix)」The Museum of Pac-Man Art, Tokyo [45] (#cite_note-45) 2020「Gaping Hole Secret」Kurkku Fields, Japan [46] (#cite_note-46) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Sebastian Masuda's "True Colors" Art Exhibition Opens To The Public in Tokyo – Tokyo Fashion" (https://tokyofashion.com/sebastian-masuda-true-colors-art-exhibition/) . December 26, 2015 . Retrieved April 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kelts, Roland (March 13, 2014). "Masuda's mission to take Harajuku art global" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2014/03/13/general/masudas-mission-to-take-harajuku-art-global/) . The Japan Times . Retrieved April 13, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dazed (June 26, 2014). "Kawaii champion Sebastian Masuda invites us in" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/20437/1/kawaii-creator-sebastian-masuda-invites-us-in) . Dazed . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Dazed (November 23, 2012). "6%DOKIDOKI studio visit" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/15141/1/6dokidoki-studio-visit) . Dazed . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kelts, Roland (March 13, 2014). "Sebastian Masuda's mission to take Harajuku art global" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2014/03/13/general/masudas-mission-to-take-harajuku-art-global/) . The Japan Times . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Kawaii Somen noodles in colorful box with art by Sebastian Masuda" (https://japantoday.com/category/features/new-products/kawaii-somen-noodles-in-colorful-box-with-art-by-sebastian-masuda-1) . Japan Today . July 16, 2021 . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Thomas, Samuel (July 2, 2013). "Let's talk 100 percent kawaii!" (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2013/07/02/style/lets-talk-100-percent-kawaii/) . The Japan Times . Retrieved April 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "6% Dokidoki" (https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/shopping/6-dokidoki) . Time Out Tokyo . January 8, 2016 . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Bayle, Alfred (September 4, 2018). "WATCH: Conan O'Brien dresses up Harajuku style in Japan" (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/291810/watch-conan-obrien-dresses-up-harajuku-style-in-japan) . INQUIRER.net . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "6% DOKIDOKI" (https://the-comm.online/blog/6-dokidoki/) . The COMM . June 10, 2019 . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "iTunes各国で話題に！ きゃりーぱみゅぱみゅ＆増田セバスチャン『PONPONPON』PVのこだわり ｜ ガジェット通信 GetNews" (https://getnews.jp/archives/134861) . ガジェット通信 GetNews (in Japanese). August 9, 2011 . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "sebastian masuda brings chromatic craziness to kawaii monster cafe" (https://www.designboom.com/architecture/sebastian-masuda-kawaii-monster-cafe-tokyo-08-07-2015/) . designboom | architecture & design magazine . August 7, 2015 . Retrieved April 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Tokyo's Kawaii Monster Cafe" (http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kawaii-monster-cafe) . Atlas Obscura . Retrieved April 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Kim & Kourtney Kardashian Went to the Most Instagrammable Ice Cream Parlor in Japan" (https://people.com/food/kim-kourtney-kardashian-most-instagrammable-ice-cream-parlor-in-japan/) . PEOPLE.com . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Wang, Chris Gallagher, Irene (February 1, 2021). "Psychedelic hues of Tokyo's 'kawaii' cafe doused by pandemic" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-japan-cafe-idUSKBN2A11EJ) . Reuters . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Miracle Gift Parade | サンリオピューロランド" (https://www.puroland.jp/miracle-gift-parade/) . www.puroland.jp (in Japanese) . Retrieved April 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Dazed (June 26, 2014). "Kawaii champion Sebastian Masuda invites us in" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/20437/1/kawaii-creator-sebastian-masuda-invites-us-in) . Dazed . Retrieved April 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Japan Cultural Envoy Official Website" (https://culturalenvoy.jp/en/culturalenvoy/h29005.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Japan Cultural Envoy Sebastian Masuda to Visit Anchorage" (https://www.anchorage.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/masuda.html) . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan . Retrieved April 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Sebastian Masuda – PAST VISITING SCHOLARS -Department of East Asian Studies – NYU" (https://as.nyu.edu/content/nyu-as/as/departments/eas/people/visiting-scholar-program/Past_Visiting_Scholars/Hiroshi-Masuda.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "インスタレーション作品「"Colorful Rebellion" –Seventh Nightmare-」(2014)" (https://sebastianmasuda.com/works/art/seventh-nightmare/) . 増田セバスチャン[Sebastian Masuda] OFFICIAL WEBSITE (in Japanese). March 3, 2014 . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Sebastian Masuda's "True Colors" Art Exhibition Opens To The Public in Tokyo – Tokyo Fashion" (https://tokyofashion.com/sebastian-masuda-true-colors-art-exhibition/) . December 26, 2015 . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "True Colors: Sebastian Masuda" (https://www.roningallery.com/blog/true-colors-sebastian-masuda-2) . Ronin Gallery . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Point-Rhythm World 2018 -Monet's Microcosm- | POLA Museum of Art" (https://www.polamuseum.or.jp/language/english/exhibition/20180722c04/) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Sebastian Masuda "YOUR COLORS" | Roppongi Hills Museum / Observatory" (https://art-view.roppongihills.com/en/shop/adgallery/642/) . art-view.roppongihills.com . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Masuda Sebastian "Forever Colors" | Roppongi Hills Museum / Observatory" (https://art-view.roppongihills.com/en/shop/adgallery/forevercolors/) . art-view.roppongihills.com . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Sebastian Masuda To Debut Kawaii Time Capsule During Art Basel Miami – Tokyo Fashion" (https://tokyofashion.com/sebastian-masuda-kawaii-time-capsule-art-basel-miami/) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Hersh, Anne (May 8, 2015). "Hello Kitty Time Capsule | Friends of Dag Hammarskjold Plaza" (https://hammarskjoldplaza.org/hello-kitty-time-capsule/) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Foreman, Liza (May 12, 2015). "Why Has a Giant 'Hello Kitty' Just Landed in New York?" (https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/05/12/why-has-a-giant-hello-kitty-just-landed-in-new-york) . The Daily Beast . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "See all things Hello Kitty at EMP's new exhibit" (https://www.heraldnet.com/life/see-all-things-hello-kitty-at-emps-new-exhibit/) . HeraldNet.com . November 13, 2015 . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Giant Domo-kun Joins Sebastian Masuda's Project, Time After Time Capsule! | Fashion News | Tokyo Otaku Mode (TOM) Shop: Figures & Merch From Japan" (https://otakumode.com/news/572303bf9d243f346f965337/Giant-Domo-kun-Joins-Sebastian-Masuda%E2%80%99s-Project-Time-After-Time-Capsule!) . otakumode.com . April 28, 2016 . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "This Cute Japanese Fad Is About To Invade London" (https://londonist.com/2016/07/something-totally-kawaii-is-happening-this-week-in-london) . Londonist . July 12, 2016 . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Sebastian Masuda, one of the ringleaders of Japan's kawaii culture, is bringing a time capsule to London | Culture24" (https://www.culture24.org.uk/art/architecture-and-design/art558561-sebastian-masuda-kawaii-hyper-london-japan) . www.culture24.org.uk . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) tokyoatparis (July 26, 2016). "Entretien avec Sebastian MASUDA @ Japan Expo" (https://tokyoatparis.com/2016/07/26/entretien-avec-sebastian-masuda-japan-expo/) . Tokyo@Paris (in French) . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Asia Pacific Arts: JPOP Summit 2016 with Sebastian Masuda" (http://asiapacificarts.usc.edu/article@apa-jpop_summit_2016_with_sebastian_masuda_20086.aspx.html) . asiapacificarts.usc.edu . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) hermes (December 22, 2016). "Ambassador of all things kawaii" (https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/ambassador-of-all-things-kawaii-things-in-his-bag) . The Straits Times . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Time After Time Capsule | Japanese American National Museum" (https://www.janm.org/exhibits/time-after-time-capsule) . www.janm.org . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Susan (May 10, 2017). "Japan Day @ Central Park" (http://www.japanculture-nyc.com/japan-day-central-park-6/) . JapanCulture•NYC . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "The Art of Fandom" (https://www.anchoragemuseum.org/exhibits/the-art-of-fandom/) . Anchorage Museum . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Time After Time Capsule" (https://www.capetown.travel/event/time-after-time-capsule/) . Cape Town Travel . Retrieved September 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "【Conferencia y taller del Sr. Sebastian Masuda, Embajador de la Cultura Japonesa y Promotor de Cultura Kawaii】" (https://www.bo.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_es/00_000132.html) . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Spanish) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) ABCdoABC, Portal do. "Time after time capsule – a cápsula do tempo de Sebastian Masuda" (https://www.abcdoabc.com.br/abc/noticia/time-after-time-capsule-capsula-tempo-sebastian-masuda-59688) . www.abcdoabc.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "THE ドラえもん展 KYOTO 2021" (https://kyotocity-kyocera.museum/exhibition/20210710-0905) . THE ドラえもん展 KYOTO 2021 (in Japanese) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "増田セバスチャンによるナイトイベント「ぽっかりあいた穴の秘密：秘密のはなし」" (https://2019.reborn-art-fes.jp/event/masuda) . Reborn-Art Festival 2019 (in Japanese) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "The Museum of PAC-MAN Art, tokyo│ The Official Site for PAC-MAN - Video Games & More" (https://www.pacman.com/en/) . The Museum of PAC-MAN Art, tokyo│ The Official Site for PAC-MAN - Video Games & More (in Japanese) . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "「"自然と食の大冒険" FOOD ADVENTURE 」を2020年8月7日( 金 )より開催。 タイニーハウスの宿泊プランや、新作アート公開も同時スタート！" (https://kurkkufields.jp/news/2442/) . KURKKU FIELDS（クルックフィールズ）– 人と農と食とアート - (in Japanese). August 21, 2020 . Retrieved August 31, 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://sebastianmasuda.com/) hide Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/000000050813377X) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/256000118) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb180314576) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb180314576) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01219320) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17571935?l=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐zrjsg Cached time: 20240713201301 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.718 seconds Real time usage: 1.193 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3644/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 89480/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2488/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 172926/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.506/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21933646/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 836.982 1 -total 35.10% 293.811 1 Template:Reflist 28.64% 239.716 44 Template:Cite_web 19.44% 162.686 1 Template:Infobox_person 12.62% 105.631 1 Template:Authority_control 12.61% 105.529 1 Template:Nihongo 10.18% 85.236 1 Template:Short_description 6.50% 54.415 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 5.76% 48.182 2 Template:Pagetype 5.27% 44.094 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67325461-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713201301 and revision id 1225931821. 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This article reads like a press release (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#PROMO) or a news article (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NEWS) and may be largely based on routine coverage (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)#Routine_coverage) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arab_Fashion_Council&action=edit) and add independent sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) . ( March 2022 ) Arab Fashion Council مجلس الأزياء العربي Abbreviation AFC Purpose Promote the Arab fashion Industry worldwide and establish an economy based on creativity and knowledge. Headquarters Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) Region Arab World (/wiki/Arab_World) Field Fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_design) Official languages Arabic (/wiki/Arabic) & English (/wiki/English_language) Website arabfashioncouncil.com (https://arabfashioncouncil.com/) The Arab Fashion Council ( AFC ) (Arabic: مجلس الأزياء العربي ) is the world's largest non-profit fashion council (/wiki/Council) and an INGO (/wiki/International_nongovernmental_organization) for the Arab World (/wiki/Arab_World) , representing the 22 members (/wiki/Arabic_countries) of the Arab League (/wiki/Arab_League) . This organization is based in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) with the main goal of promoting Arab fashion designers internationally, disseminating fashion culture in the region, and positioning the Arab world on the international fashion map. It includes Arab companies and talent within the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) , particularly fashion designers, models (/wiki/Fashion_models) , photographers, hair stylists (/wiki/Hair_stylists) , make-up artists, and art directors (/wiki/Art_directors) . It regulates modeling agencies (/wiki/Modeling_agencies) by creating stringent protocols and strict standards for protecting all the models working in the Middle East region. It also governs the schools of fashion registered under the laws of Arab nations. [1] (#cite_note-Focus_on-1) History [ edit ] Its first honorary president was Cav. Mario Boselli, [2] (#cite_note-AFC_Honorary_President-2) the former president of Camera Nazionale Della Moda Italiana (/wiki/National_Chamber_of_Italian_Fashion) . On 18 December 2017, the Arab Fashion Council announced from London the opening of its office in Riyadh (/wiki/Riyadh) and organized the first fashion week in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia) under the name "Arab Fashion Week". [3] (#cite_note-Arab_Fashion_Council_Riyadh-3) [4] (#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Takes_Lead_Role_at_Arab_Fashion_Council-4) On 7 December 2015, Jacob Abrian (/wiki/Jacob_Abrian) was elected as chief executive officer for the council, being the youngest appointed CEO for a Council. In 2017, the Arab Fashion Council signed a long-term strategic partnership with Meraas, a Dubai-based holding company [5] (#cite_note-Arab_Fashion_Council_&_Meraas-5) that aims to position Dubai as a fashion capital and celebrate Dubai Fashion Week in a citywide activation in the emirate. In April 2018, the Arab Fashion Council partnered with M.B.M Holdings, a Dubai-based Royal family (/wiki/Royal_family_of_Dubai) office and investment holding company with activities in investments, strategic advisory, and community development. [6] (#cite_note-MBM_GROUP-6) In 2021, a partnership was established with the Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) which yielded the first Fashion Week representing male models by showcasing men's wear. This event was a three-day virtual event based in Dubai. The event is scheduled twice annually with other men's fashion week events. [7] (#cite_note-7) Activities [ edit ] A landmark activity of the Arab Fashion Council is to organize the twice-yearly prestigious event Arab Fashion Week. It is the only official Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_Week) -based show in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) and the Arab World (/wiki/Arab_World) that is recognized on the global calendar next to the other big four fashion weeks that are London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , and Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . The Arab Fashion Week represents all 22 Arabic countries and is hosted at the Meydan Hotel in Dubai. It promotes Arab and international designers into the global market where notable fashion brands (/wiki/Fashion_brands) showcase their ready couture dress collections to the public. [8] (#cite_note-Arab_Fashion_Week-8) In its 4th edition, the Arab Fashion Week became the world's main platform for pre-collections and ready-couture. [9] (#cite_note-9) The Arab Fashion Week's first edition was hosted at Riyadh (/wiki/Riyadh) in April 2018 and became the first fashion show event in the history of Saudi Arabia (/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) . [10] (#cite_note-10) At the 11th edition in June 2020 and the 12th edition in October 2020, the Arab Fashion Council hosted the Arab Fashion Week virtually as precaution against the spread of COVID-19. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) In September 2020, the Arab Fashion Council hosted the first Arab designers showroom on the official calendar of Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , in partnership with the Federation de la Haute Couture et de la Mode. [13] (#cite_note-13) Education [ edit ] Arab Fashion Council has partnered with leading fashion institutes and the UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO) office in Doha. It helps them promote fashion education and supports Arab talents by providing a fully covered scholarship for an Arab student after entering an annual competition for studying undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Dubai. [14] (#cite_note-Arab_Fashion_Council_education_initiative-14) See also [ edit ] British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) Council of Fashion Designers of America (/wiki/Council_of_Fashion_Designers_of_America) National Chamber of Italian Fashion (/wiki/National_Chamber_of_Italian_Fashion) Fédération française de la couture (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Focus_on_1-0) "focus on" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141220022140/http://arabfashioncouncil.com/focus-on/) . arabfashioncouncil.com . Archived from the original (http://arabfashioncouncil.com/focus-on/) on 20 December 2014 . Retrieved 20 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-AFC_Honorary_President_2-0) "Honorary President" (https://www.emirates247.com/business/economy-finance/arab-fashion-council-launched-with-uae-as-hub-2015-04-28-1.588887) . Retrieved 8 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Arab_Fashion_Council_Riyadh_3-0) "Arab Fashion Council Riyadh" (http://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/The-Arab-Fashion-Council-Announces-the-Opening-of-its-Office-in-Riyadh-and-the-Appointment-of-H-H-Princess-Noura-Bint-Faisal-Al-Saud-as-Honorary-President-1011613956) . Retrieved 18 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_Takes_Lead_Role_at_Arab_Fashion_Council_4-0) "Saudi Arabia Takes Lead Role at Arab Fashion Council" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/saudi-arabia-lead-arab-fashion-council-11076983/) . 18 December 2017 . Retrieved 18 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Arab_Fashion_Council_&_Meraas_5-0) "Meraas" (http://www.meraas.com/news/arab-fashion-council/) . ^ (#cite_ref-MBM_GROUP_6-0) "MBM HOLDING" (https://gulfnews.com/life-style/glamour/fashion/arab-fashion-week-rolls-out-red-carpet-in-dubai-1.2214053) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Portee, Allyson. "The Arab Fashion Council to Premiere Its Inaugural Fashion Week for Men This January" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/allysonportee/2021/01/12/the-arab-fashion-council-to-premier-its-inaugural-fashion-week-for-men-this-january/) . Forbes . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Arab_Fashion_Week_8-0) "Arab Fashion Week" (http://www.arabfashionweek.org) . arabfashionweek.org . Retrieved 20 December 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Backus, Emily (22 February 2017). "Arab Fashion Week Shifts Dates to Raise Profile" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/arab-fashion-week-shifts-dates-raise-profile-10812445/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 13 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Arab Fashion Week touches down in Riyadh" (https://emirateswoman.com/arab-fashion-week-saudi-opens/) . Emirates Woman . 12 April 2018 . Retrieved 13 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Arab Fashion Week goes virtual" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/featured-news/arab-fashion-week-goes-digital) . Harper's Bazaar Arabia . 28 May 2020 . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Arab Fashion Week 2020 will go ahead online" (https://www.esquireme.com/content/48588-arab-fashion-week-2020-will-go-ahead-online) . Esquire Magazine . 18 October 2020 . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Paris Fashion Week to Host Showroom Dedicated to Arab Designers" (https://en.vogue.me/fashion/paris-fashion-week-arab-designers/) . Vogue . 28 September 2020 . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Arab_Fashion_Council_education_initiative_14-0) "AFC Scholarship" (https://www.emirates247.com/the-master-in-fashion-design-scholarship-launched-2015-07-22-1.597637) . Retrieved 22 July 2015 . 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A Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) maker worked in the garment industry, [1] (#cite_note-MillerBook-1) often in an enterprise whose workers were represented by a union. [2] (#cite_note-Union.NYT21-2) In the 1920s, there were more than 50,000 people employed as cloakmakers . [2] (#cite_note-Union.NYT21-2) Cloakmakers' parade, NYC, 1916 Much of this industry was centered in NYC. [3] (#cite_note-3) While most of the cloakmakers were Jewish women, [1] (#cite_note-MillerBook-1) : p.191 [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) the next largest group, although much smaller in number, were Italian women. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Cloakmakers were a part of those known as clothing-workers, including those who made cloaks, suits and skirts. [2] (#cite_note-Union.NYT21-2) [8] (#cite_note-8) Other areas where this industry was strong included Chicago [9] (#cite_note-9) and Cincinnati. [10] (#cite_note-10) Unions [ edit ] Suffragist (/wiki/Suffragist) Theresa Malkiel (/wiki/Theresa_Malkiel) organized a union of cloakmakers in 1892. [1] (#cite_note-MillerBook-1) : p.191 Other areas of the needle trade [11] (#cite_note-11) were not unionized until years later (/wiki/Fannia_Cohn#Emigration_to_America) , [12] (#cite_note-12) of whom in 1912 over 80% were Jewish. [13] (#cite_note-13) Cloakmaker, Suffragist (/wiki/Suffragist) , labor activist and author [14] (#cite_note-14) Theresa Serber Malkiel (/wiki/Theresa_Malkiel) , who organized the Infant Cloakmaker's Union of New York in 1892 This occupation involved making or repairing garments that contained animal fur. The high end of this profession focused on fur coats (/wiki/Fur_coat) . A 1915 New York Times article about 75,000 garment workers said " Cloakmakers take the lead ." [15] (#cite_note-15) The garment industry's strikes were neither rare nor long-lasting. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Sally M. Miller (December 1978). From Sweatshop Worker to Labor Leader: Theresa Malkiel, A Case Study . p. 190. ^ a b c "Cloak Makers Accept Plan for Conference" (https://www.nytimes.com/1921/04/27/archives/cloak-makers-accept-plan-for-conference-representatives-of-50000.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . April 27, 1921 . Retrieved March 17, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) 60,000 to 70,000 cloakmakers in New York City in 1910 Oscar Handlin; Charles Reznikoff. Introduction: Louis Marshall, Champion of Liberty . p. xxi. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Hadassa Kosak (2000). Cultures of Opposition: Jewish Immigrant Workers, New York . p. 202. The preponderance of Jews among cloakmakers ... 1885 ^ (#cite_ref-5) contrast two strikes: 20,000 "mostly female" vs. a different strike in the same 1909/1910/1911 period: 1,200 men in one strike and 2,000 men in another. "History of the ILGWU: Early Struggles" (https://ilgwu.ilr.cornell.edu/history/earlyStruggles.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) S. Luconi (Summer 2010). "Crossing Borders on the Picket Line: Italian-American Workers and the 1912 Strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts". Italian Americana . 28 (2): 149–161. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 41426589 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41426589) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) The Ladies' Garment Worker . 1918. p. 25. It was understood that money collected from Italians ... ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Striking Dress and Cloak Makers" (http://www.nytimes.com/1883/07/22/archives/striking-dress-and-cloak-makers.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . July 22, 1883. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Clothing workers of Chicago, 1910-1922" (http://moses.law.umn.edu/darrow/documents/Clothing_Workers_of_Chicago_1910_1922.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Amalgamated Clothing Workers (1919-1925)" (https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/KCL05619.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) not to be confused with this (usage): Todd S. Purdum (February 18, 1990). "New York City Is Out of the Needle Trade" (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/18/weekinreview/the-region-new-york-city-is-out-of-the-needle-trade.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) only "half of all women working in the garment industry between 1909 and 1919 belonged to unions." Debran Rowland (2004). The Boundaries of Her Body: The Troubling History of Women's Rights . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Adam Dickter (1972). Encyclopaedia Judaica . Jerusalem Israel: Keter Publishing House Ltd. ^ (#cite_ref-14) The Diary of a Shirtwaist Striker: A Story of the Shirtwaist Makers' Strike in New York. New York . The Co-operative Press. 1910. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Garment Workers prepare demands, Cloakmakers Take the Lead in Move Expected to Cause a Strike of 75,000" (https://www.nytimes.com/1915/06/26/archives/garment-workers-prepare-demands-cloakmakers-take-the-lead-in-move.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . June 26, 1915. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Persons to Fill Their Places Are to be Had ... Committee Appeals for Strike Funds" (https://www.nytimes.com/1916/06/14/archives/urge-cloak-makers-to-return-to-work-manufacturers-warn-workers-that.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . June 14, 1916. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Cloakmakers' Spare Time" (https://www.nytimes.com/1910/07/30/archives/cloakmakers-spare-time.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . July 30, 1910. This job-, occupation-, or vocation-related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cloakmaker&action=edit) . v t e This industry (/wiki/Outline_of_industry) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Kosovo-Albanian fashion designer Teuta Matoshi Matoshi on T7 (/w/index.php?title=T7_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1) in 2019 Born 24 October Alma mater Design Factory University of Pristina (/wiki/University_of_Pristina) Spouse Artan Duriqi Children 3 Family Lirika Matoshi (/wiki/Lirika_Matoshi) (sister) Website teutamatoshi (http://teutamatoshi.com) .com (http://teutamatoshi.com) Teuta Matoshi (born 24 October) is a Kosovo-Albanian fashion designer. She is known for her whimsical style of high-end gowns. Early life and education [ edit ] Matoshi was born outside of Pristina (/wiki/Pristina) to a Kosovo Albanian (/wiki/Kosovo_Albanian) family of 9 children, their father a teacher and their mother a stay-at-home mother. [1] (#cite_note-1) Her younger sister, Lirika Matoshi (/wiki/Lirika_Matoshi) , is also a fashion designer and another sister, Sanije, helps with the businesses. Teuta studied at Design Factory and the University of Pristina Faculty of Arts (/wiki/Faculty_of_Arts,_Universiteti_i_Prishtin%C3%ABs) . Career [ edit ] Matoshi started designing at a young age. She launched her line in 2007 and later opened a shop in Pristina where she initially sold jackets before shifting her focus. [2] (#cite_note-2) She makes a point of giving as many jobs to local women in Kosovo as possible. She gained national as well as international attention for her "princess-like" gowns. She opened an atelier in SoHo, Manhattan (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) with her sister in 2019 that houses both of their brands. [3] (#cite_note-3) They make a point of employing local women in Kosovo. In 2022 she designed a custom wedding dress for YouTuber, Mia Maples. [4] (#cite_note-4) Personal life [ edit ] Matoshi is married to Artan Duriqi; they have a daughter and two sons. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Biography" (https://www.teutamatoshi.com/pages/biography) . Teuta Matoshi . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Teuta Matoshi Duriqi me koleksion të ri "Festo me TMD" (http://infokomuna.com/sq/personazhe/teuta-matoshi-duriqi-me-koleksion-te-ri-festo-me-tmd-) " (http://infokomuna.com/sq/personazhe/teuta-matoshi-duriqi-me-koleksion-te-ri-festo-me-tmd-) . InfoKomuna (in Albanian). 10 January 2016 . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Teuta Matoshi Duriqi – Haute couture de rêve" (https://omagazine.fr/teuta-matoshi-duriqi-haute-couture-de-reve/) . O Magazine (in French). 11 June 2019 . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pustina, Patris (11 August 2020). "Kosovo Designer Lirika Matoshi's Strawberry Dress Has the Internet Swooning" (https://exit.al/en/2020/08/11/kosovo-designer-lirika-matoshis-strawberry-dress-has-the-internet-swooning/) . Exit News . Retrieved 21 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "A Designer Makes Dresses That Are So Gorgeous Any Woman Might Want to Sell Her Soul for One of Them" (https://brightside.me/inspiration-girls-stuff/a-designer-makes-dresses-that-are-so-gorgeous-any-woman-might-want-to-sell-her-soul-for-one-of-them-735260/?utm-source=brightside_web&utm-medium=article&utm-campaign=facebook_share) . Bright Side . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . External links [ edit ] Teuta Matoshi (https://www.instagram.com/teutamatoshi/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) (business) Teuta Matoshi (https://www.instagram.com/teutamatoshiduriqi/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) (personal) This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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New Zealand manufacturer of clothing footwear and accessories (1946) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rodd_%26_Gunn) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Rodd & Gunn" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rodd+%26+Gunn%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rodd+%26+Gunn%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rodd+%26+Gunn%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rodd+%26+Gunn%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rodd+%26+Gunn%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rodd+%26+Gunn%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Rodd & Gunn Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1946 [1] (#cite_note-1) Headquarters Auckland (/wiki/Auckland) , New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) Number of locations 50 (Store) 10 (Outlet) Website Official website (https://www.roddandgunn.com/) Rodd & Gunn ( Rodd and Gunn ) is a New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) manufacturer of clothing footwear and accessories. It was founded in 1946 in New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) by Jim Jarvis. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) By 1995, the label had been acquired by the Australian firm Action Downunder (/w/index.php?title=Action_Downunder&action=edit&redlink=1) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The firm outfitted the New Zealand national team participating in the 2012 London Summer Olympics (/wiki/2012_London_Summer_Olympics) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The company operates 50 stores in New Zealand (19), Australia (/wiki/Australia) (20), United States (/wiki/United_States) (10) and the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) (1). They also operate 10 outlet locations in New Zealand (3), Australia (6) and the United States (1). They are also stocked in Canada, Ireland and France. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Rodd & Gunn USA | Shop Menswear, Polos, Shirts & Pants" (https://www.roddandgunn.com/us) . www.roddandgunn.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Stapleton, Dan F. (29 May 2017). "Modern-day cachet fuels heritage brand Rodd & Gunn's expansion" (https://www.afr.com/life-and-luxury/fashion-and-style/modernday-cachet-fuels-heritage-brand-rodd--gunns-expansion-20170525-gwcm2w) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Rodd & Gunn to open flagship half a world away - Ragtrader" (http://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/rodd-and-gunn-to-open-flagship-half-a-world-away) . www.ragtrader.com.au . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Rodd & Gunn unveils its e-Lodge - Ragtrader" (http://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/rodd-and-gunn-unveils-its-e-lodge) . www.ragtrader.com.au . ^ (#cite_ref-5) House, Kathryn (4 February 1995). "The race is on to cross the Tasman" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42201504/race_is_on_to_cross_the_tasman/) . The Sydney Morning Herald . No. 49, 118. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. p. 47 . Retrieved 12 January 2020 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Xinying, Hong (16 July 2012). "Olympic Style: Team uniforms for London 2012" (https://www.herworld.com/fashion/olympic-style-team-uniforms-london-2012) . HerWorld . Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Schimminger, Morgan C. (24 July 2012). "The Most Stylish Olympics Ever: Take a Look at These Designer Uniforms" (https://www.thefashionspot.com/runway-news/175029-giorgio-armani-ralph-lauren-stella-mccartney-and-other-designers-outfit-the-olympics/#/slide/9) . The Fashion Spot . Totally Her (Evolve Media) . Retrieved 12 January 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Find Your Nearest Store | New Zealand | Rodd & Gunn" (https://www.roddandgunn.com/nz/stores) . www.roddandgunn.com . Retrieved 2 July 2023 . 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For the former ink manufacturer, see Carter's Ink Company (/wiki/Carter%27s_Ink_Company) . American retail company Carter's, Inc. Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) NYSE (/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange) : CRI (https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:CRI) S&P 400 (/wiki/List_of_S%26P_400_companies) component Founded 1865 ; 159 years ago ( 1865 ) (as William Carter Company) Needham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Needham,_Massachusetts) , U.S. Founder William Carter Headquarters Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) , U.S. Number of locations 750 (November 2019) [1] (#cite_note-1) Products Clothing Number of employees 20,900 [2] (#cite_note-2) (2017) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) OshKosh B'gosh (/wiki/OshKosh_B%27gosh) Skip•Hop Inc. Website Carter's USA - carters (http://carters.com) .com (http://carters.com) Carter's UAE - ae (http://ae.carters.com) .carters (http://ae.carters.com) .com (http://ae.carters.com) A Carter's shop in Meyerland Plaza (/wiki/Meyerland_Plaza) , Houston (/wiki/Houston) Carter's, Inc. is a major American (/wiki/Americans) designer and marketer of children's apparel (/wiki/Children%27s_clothing) . It was founded in 1865 by William Carter. Carter's sells its products through its own Carter's and OshKosh B'gosh retail stores, its website, and in other retail outlets such as department stores (/wiki/Department_store) . As of 2019 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carter%27s&action=edit) , it was reported that Carter's accounted for around one-quarter of all sales both for the children's sleepwear (/wiki/Nightwear) market, and for clothes for the newborn to two-year-old age group. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) History [ edit ] William Carter was the founder of William Carter Company in 1865 in Needham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Needham,_Massachusetts) . William Carter (1830–1918) was born in Alfreton, Derbyshire (/wiki/Alfreton,_Derbyshire) , England. He arrived in America on January 28, 1857. He married Martha Lee (1842-1873). They had four children: William Henry Carter (/wiki/William_Henry_Carter) (1864–1955), who served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives (1915-1919) prior to being elected president of the William Carter Company in 1918; Mary Elizabeth Carter (1865-1961); John J. Carter (1867-1939); and Horace A. Carter (1869-1959). By the early 1960s, the William Carter Company manufactured at seven mills in Massachusetts and the South. The Carter family sold the business in 1990. [4] (#cite_note-4) In the early 2000s, Carter's reached an agreement with Target Corporation (/wiki/Target_Corporation) to create the "Just One You" spin-off clothing line, to be sold exclusively in Target stores. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Carter's later created exclusive lines for retailers Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) and Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) . All of the brands sell similar articles of clothing, such as bodysuits, pajamas, and dresses, but each has its own design team and pricing policies specific to the retailer. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Carter's acquired competitor OshKosh B'gosh (/wiki/OshKosh_B%27gosh) for $312 million in 2005. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2012, Carter's, Inc. announced that Braselton, Georgia (/wiki/Braselton,_Georgia) would receive their 1-million-square-foot, $50 million distribution center that will support their e-commerce, retail, and wholesale businesses. The company hoped to create 1,000 jobs at the facility by 2015. In February 2017, Carter's, Inc. acquired Skip Hop Inc., an infant and child product company based in New York, for $140 million in cash and up to $10 million in future payments contingent on reaching certain financial goals in 2017. [6] (#cite_note-6) Fireman Capital Partners, a private equity (/wiki/Private_equity) firm, had previously acquired a majority equity (/wiki/Equity_(finance)) stake in Skip Hop Inc. for $50 million in November 2013. [7] (#cite_note-7) In addition to selling its apparel through third-party retailers, Carter's operated 1,060 branded stores and outlets as of 2019 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carter%27s&action=edit) , with plans to open up to another 100 stores in "mid-tier" shopping malls (/wiki/Shopping_mall) in the following years. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) A market research (/wiki/Market_research) firm found that "Ninety percent of millennial (/wiki/Millennials) parents — and 80 percent of baby boomer (/wiki/Baby_boomers) grandparents — have shopped at Carter's in the past year." [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Brands [ edit ] Carter's, Inc. markets clothing and other children's products under several brand names. Other than its namesake Carter's brand, OshKosh B'gosh (/wiki/OshKosh_B%27gosh) , and Skip Hop, these labels are exclusive to specific retailers and include, as of 2018 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carter%27s&action=edit) : [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Exclusive to Target Corporation (/wiki/Target_Corporation) stores: Just One You Precious Firsts Genuine Kids Exclusive to Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) : Child of Mine Exclusive to Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) : Simple Joys [9] (#cite_note-9) The logo for each exclusive brand notes that it is "made by Carter's," with the exception of Genuine Kids, which carries the label "from OshKosh." Genuine Kids has been sold since 2003, before OshKosh was acquired by Carters, Inc. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Headquarters [ edit ] In October 2012, the Atlanta Business Chronicle (/wiki/Atlanta_Business_Chronicle) reported that Carter's Inc. was likely to lease in the Phipps Tower (/wiki/Phipps_Tower) in Buckhead for its headquarters. [10] (#cite_note-Samslikely-10) In December 2012, Carter's Inc. announced that it was moving its headquarters from Midtown Atlanta (/wiki/Midtown_Atlanta) . The lease of 222,730 square feet (20,692 m 2 ) of space is one of the largest headquarters leases to have occurred to date in the Buckhead area of Atlanta. The estimated value of the lease, except for concessions and escalation, was $70 million. The lease in Midtown was scheduled to be terminated on December 31, 2013. [11] (#cite_note-Samsmove-11) The company consolidated its out of state jobs into the new facility, with 200 additional jobs going to Buckhead (/wiki/Buckhead) . Manulife Financial Corp (/wiki/Manulife_Financial_Corp) owns both the Proscenium and the Phipps Tower so Carter's terminated its lease early in one building and moved to the other. [12] (#cite_note-12) The company now has its headquarters in Suite 1800 at Phipps Tower (/wiki/Phipps_Tower) , [13] (#cite_note-13) in Buckhead, Atlanta (/wiki/Buckhead,_Atlanta) . See also [ edit ] Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of S&P 400 companies (/wiki/List_of_S%26P_400_companies) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Home" (https://www.carters.com/) . carters.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Carter's" (http://fortune.com/fortune500/carters/) . Fortune . Retrieved 2019-02-15 . ^ a b c d e Bhattarai, Abha (2019-07-26). "Billion-dollar baby: How Carter's became a staple of just about every child's wardrobe" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/26/billion-dollar-baby-how-carters-became-staple-just-about-every-childs-wardrobe/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2019-07-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The William Carter Company" (https://needhamhistory.org/walk/carter-company/) . needhamhistory.org . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Company News; Carter's to Acquire OshKosh B'Gosh" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE1D81330F932A25756C0A9639C8B63) . The New York Times . 2005-05-11. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2017-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Carter's Inc. buys Skip Hop, posts $258.1 million profit for 2016" (http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2017/02/23/carter-s-inc-buys-skip-hop-posts-258-1-million.html) . Atlanta Business Chronicle . 2017-02-23 . Retrieved 2017-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Fireman Capital Partners sells Skip Hop Inc. to Carter's" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/talking-points/2017/02/23/fireman-capital-partners-sells-skip-hop-inc-carter/ttFquQUQbIBMRyxkZazDMK/story.html) . The Boston Globe . 2017-02-24 . Retrieved 2017-02-24 . ^ a b "Carters Inc. | Our Brands" (http://corporate.carters.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-CartersInc-Site/default/Link-Page?cid=corporateOurBrands) . corporate.carters.com . Retrieved 2018-10-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) del Ray, Jason (July 9, 2017). "A $4 billion clothing company created an exclusive brand for Amazon Prime" (https://www.vox.com/2017/7/9/15862090/carters-amazon-prime-exclusive-clothing-brands-simple-joys) . Vox. ^ (#cite_ref-Samslikely_10-0) Sams, Douglas. " Carter's HQ likely moving to Buckhead (http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/real_talk/2012/10/carters-hq-likely-moving-to-buckhead.html) ." Atlanta Business Chronicle (/wiki/Atlanta_Business_Chronicle) . October 12, 2012. Updated October 22, 2012. Retrieved on May 23, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-Samsmove_11-0) Sams, Douglas. " Carter's moving HQ to Phipps Tower (http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/real_talk/2012/12/carters-moving-hq-to-phipps-tower.html) ." Atlanta Business Chronicle (/wiki/Atlanta_Business_Chronicle) . December 14, 2012. Updated on December 17, 2013. Retrieved on May 23, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-12) " Carter's moves to Buckhead (http://www.regentpartners.com/assets/2013-Best-In-Atlanta-Real-Estate.pdf) ." ( Archive (https://web.archive.org/web/20151027023403/http://www.regentpartners.com/assets/2013-Best-In-Atlanta-Real-Estate.pdf) ) Atlanta Business Chronicle (/wiki/Atlanta_Business_Chronicle) . p. 2-3. ^ (#cite_ref-13) " 2014 Annual Report (http://phx.corporate-ir.net/External.File?item=UGFyZW50SUQ9NTc1NDcyfENoaWxkSUQ9Mjc5MDM5fFR5cGU9MQ==&t=1) [ permanent dead link ] ." Carter's, Inc. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Solid_perfume) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Solid perfume" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Solid+perfume%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Solid+perfume%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Solid+perfume%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Solid+perfume%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Solid+perfume%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Solid+perfume%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Solid perfumes or cream perfumes are perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) in solid state rather than the liquid mix of alcohol ( ethanol (/wiki/Ethanol) ) and water used in eau de parfum (/wiki/Eau_de_parfum) , eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) , eau de cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_cologne) , etc. Normally the substance that gives the cream its base comes from a type of wax (/wiki/Wax) that is initially melted. Once melted, a scent (/wiki/Scent) or several scents may be added. Solid perfume is used either by rubbing a finger or dipping a cotton swab (/wiki/Cotton_swab) against it and then onto the skin. Sometimes solid perfume can take more time for the deeper notes (/wiki/Deeper_note) to come out than a spray (/wiki/Spray_(liquid_drop)) perfume. The latest solid perfumes are designed as handbag aromas, so a compact way of making perfume more portable. Historically, ointment (/wiki/Ointment) -like unguents (/wiki/Unguents) have been used as a type of solid perfume since Egyptian (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) times. [1] (#cite_note-1) See also [ edit ] Head cone (/wiki/Head_cone) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Perfumes of Ancient Egypt (http://egyptmonth.com/mag08012000/mag4.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071012170326/http://egyptmonth.com/mag08012000/mag4.htm) 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Further reading [ edit ] Mandy Aftel (/wiki/Mandy_Aftel) , Scents & Sensibilities: Creating Solid Perfumes for Well-Being , Gibbs Smith, 2005, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-58685-738-X (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58685-738-X) v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum (/wiki/Fragrance_Museum) Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. Hasegawa (/wiki/T._Hasegawa) Takasago (/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation) Category (/wiki/Category:Perfumery) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Perfume) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Fashion Week Dubai Fashion Week Location(s) Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) Organized by Arab Fashion Council (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) and Dubai Design District (/wiki/Dubai_Design_District) Website http://www.dubaifashionweek.org (http://www.dubaifashionweek.org) Dubai Fashion Week is the official fashion week of Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) , United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Upcoming women's and men's autumn/winter fashions are showcased in March of each year, and upcoming women's spring/summer fashions are showcased in October of each year, while upcoming spring/summer fashions are showcased in June of each year. Dubai Fashion Week is one of the world's five most important fashion weeks alongside London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week, Paris Fashion Week, and New York Fashion Week. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History and operations [ edit ] Dubai Fashion Week was founded on 7th February 2023 by Arab Fashion Council (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) by fixing a strategic partnership with Dubai Design District (/wiki/Dubai_Design_District) . The schedule begins with London, Milan, Paris, and New York ending with Dubai as the evolution of the already existing Arab Fashion Week founded by the Arab Fashion Council in 2015. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In partnership with Dubai Design District (/wiki/Dubai_Design_District) , Dubai Fashion Week is organized by Arab Fashion Council (/wiki/Arab_Fashion_Council) , a non-profit organization (/wiki/Nonprofit_organization) that is responsible for hosting fashion event-based shows in Dubai (/wiki/Dubai) . Designers [ edit ] The Dubai Fashion Week has seen participation by both Asian and Non-Asian talent. [ citation needed ] Guest designers, who have previously been included in the Dubai Fashion Week calendar include names such as Iris Wan Herpen, Jean Paul Gautier, Antonio Marras, Blumarine, and Moschino. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Dubai Design District (d3) and Arab Fashion Council announce launch of the official Dubai Fashion Week | Dubai Media Office" (https://mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2023/February/08-02/Dubai-Design-District) . Retrieved 12 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dubai Design District (d3) and Arab Fashion Council has launched the official Dubai Fashion Week | L'Officiel Arabia" (https://lofficielarabia.com/format/DubaiDesignDistrictd3andArabFashionCouncilhaslaunchedtheofficialDubaiFashionWeek.php?id=3544&table_name=master_table) . Retrieved 12 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Dubai Fashion Week Officially Joins the International Calendar That's Set to Debut in March" (https://scoopempire.com/dubai-fashion-week-officially-joins-the-international-calendar-thats-set-to-debut-in-march/) . Retrieved 12 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "AS THEY SAY, THERE'S ALWAYS A FASHION WEEK SOMEWHERE | Style Not Com" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CoXuXvPNwDC/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D) . Retrieved 12 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Klewe, Amelie. "Dubai Design District and Arab Fashion Council Announces the Launch of Dubai Fashion Week | Harper's Bazaar Arabia" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/fashion/dubai-fashion-week) . Retrieved 12 February 2023 . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hides (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hides) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Hide (skin) (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) . Articles relating to hides (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) , animal skin (/wiki/Skin) treated for human use. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐c9v9j Cached time: 20240721052534 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.068 seconds Real time usage: 0.154 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 151/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2795/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 226/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.038/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1226108/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 141.925 1 -total 84.74% 120.264 1 Template:Commons_category 82.89% 117.647 1 Template:Sister_project 81.65% 115.888 1 Template:Side_box 56.55% 80.264 2 Template:If_then_show 15.17% 21.525 1 Template:Cat_main Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2441017-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721052534 and revision id 1153303171. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. L Leather (/wiki/Category:Leather) (7 C, 47 P) Pages in category "Hides (skin)" The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Hide (skin) (/wiki/Hide_(skin)) B Buckskin (leather) (/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)) Buffalo coat (/wiki/Buffalo_coat) Buffalo robe (/wiki/Buffalo_robe) C Calfskin (/wiki/Calfskin) California hide trade (/wiki/California_hide_trade) F Futfell (/wiki/Futfell) G Gevil (/wiki/Gevil) Goatskin (material) (/wiki/Goatskin_(material)) Goldbeater's skin (/wiki/Goldbeater%27s_skin) H History of hide materials (/wiki/History_of_hide_materials) K Kidskin (/wiki/Kidskin) L Leather (/wiki/Leather) Limp binding (/wiki/Limp_binding) S Sealskin (/wiki/Sealskin) Shearling (/wiki/Shearling) Sheepskin (/wiki/Sheepskin) Slunk (/wiki/Slunk) V Vellum (/wiki/Vellum) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hides_(skin)&oldid=1153303171 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hides_(skin)&oldid=1153303171) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Animal products (/wiki/Category:Animal_products) Biodegradable materials (/wiki/Category:Biodegradable_materials) Nonwoven fabrics (/wiki/Category:Nonwoven_fabrics) Clothing and the environment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_and_the_environment) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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Belgian fashion designer (born 1987) Cedric Jacquemyn Born ( 1987-12-08 ) 8 December 1987 (age 36) Wilrijk (/wiki/Wilrijk) , Antwerp (/wiki/Antwerp) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) Nationality Belgian (/wiki/Belgians) Education Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Antwerp) Label Cedric Jacquemyn Website www (http://www.cedricjacquemyn.be/) .cedricjacquemyn (http://www.cedricjacquemyn.be/) .be (http://www.cedricjacquemyn.be/) Cedric Jacquemyn (born 8 December 1987) is a Belgian (/wiki/Belgians) fashion designer and alumnus (/wiki/Alumnus) of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp (/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Antwerp) . His style is focused on craftsmanship and said to be "darkly romantic". [1] (#cite_note-1) Cedric Jacquemyn has a conceptual approach, his collections are influenced by history and politics. His work is distinguished by skill and craftsmanship. He experiments with different materials, such as horse leather and copper (/wiki/Copper) . Label [ edit ] Cedric Jacquemyn graduated in 2010 from the Antwerp Academy (/wiki/Antwerp_Academy) , [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) walking in the footsteps of previous alumni such as Martin Margiela (/wiki/Martin_Margiela) and Ann Demeulemeester (/wiki/Ann_Demeulemeester) . After graduating he decided to start a label under his own name [4] (#cite_note-4) in a continuing artistic dialogue with photographer Yves De Brabander (/wiki/Yves_De_Brabander) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In January 2011 he presented his first collection The Last Glacier - A/W 2011-12 at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) in the showroom of pioneering concept store RA. [6] (#cite_note-6) The collection was a continuation on his graduation collection The Last Glacier S/S 2011 , based on human impact on nature. [7] (#cite_note-7) Jacquemyn's Glacier collection was inspired by a trip to the glaciers (/wiki/Glacier) in Iceland (/wiki/Iceland) . During London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) 2012, Jacquemyn was one of the "emerging fashion talents from Belgium" presented by the Flanders Fashion Institute, the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) and the British Council (/wiki/British_Council) , together with over 80 international emerging designers. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2014 Cedric Jacquemyn was nominated for the International Woolmark Prize (/wiki/Woolmark) in the category "Europe nominees: Menswear". [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Cedric Jacquemyn was included at the exhibition "The Belgians, An Unexpected Fashion Story" in 2015 at Bozar (/wiki/Centre_for_Fine_Arts,_Brussels) , Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels. [11] (#cite_note-11) In the fifteenth collection Geworfenheit, pt II the label opted to focus for complicated tailoring and premium materials. [12] (#cite_note-12) The craftsmanship of Cedric Jacquemyn is appreciated by artists such as American designer Andrew Yang (/wiki/Andrew_Yang_(artist)) , who referred to him as his favorite Belgian fashion designer, [13] (#cite_note-13) and the Belgian musician Tamino (/wiki/Tamino_(musician)) , who regularly wears Jacquemyn's pieces during concerts. [14] (#cite_note-14) On the cover of his first full-length album Amir , Tamino wears a necklace from Jacquemyn's jewelry collection. In September 2022, Jacquemyn started a position as Visiting Professor lecturing Fashion Design at the Lebanese American University (/wiki/Lebanese_American_University) in Beirut, Lebanon. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Callahan-Roman, Ana (October 2015). "Into The Dark: Cedric Jacquemyn" (http://www.deuxhomm.es/2015/10/17/cedric-jacquemyn-spring-summer-2016-collection/) . Deux Hommes . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Stevens, Jennifer (August 2015). "The Soft Side of Hard: Cédric Jacquemyn" (http://www.deuxhomm.es/2015/08/31/the-soft-side-of-hard-cedric-jacquemyn-autumnwinter-2015/) . Deux Hommes . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bellini, Elisa Pervinca (June 2010). "Fashion Department Antwerp, Students fashion shows" (http://www.vogue.it/en/talents/contests-and-more/2010/06/fashion-department-artesis-hogeschool) . Vogue Italia . Retrieved 2018-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Tenz, Courtney (June 2015). "THE NEW ANTWERP SIX: RISING BELGIAN DESIGNERS SHAKING UP THE FASHION SCENE" (http://www.papermag.com/the-new-antwerp-six-rising-belgian-designers-shaking-up-the-fashion-sc-1427587310.html) . PAPER Magazine . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Thawley, Dan (2014). "Cedric Jacquemyn" (https://www.studiostart.be/residenten/cedric-jacquemyn) . Studio Start . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lyssens, Siska (April 2011). "Cédric Jacquemyn: The Antwerp Fashion Academy graduate discusses his latest collection, the use of fashion films and what his signature piece is" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/10102/1/cedric-jacquemyn) . Dazed . Retrieved 2018-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Fashion Show, Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp Show 2010, Year 4 » Cedric Jacquemyn" (http://changefashion.net/fashionshow/2010/06/19011740.html) . Change Fashion . June 2010 . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "International Fashion Showcase" (http://www.britishfashioncouncil.com/pressreleases/International-Fashion-Showcase) . British Fashion Council (BFC) . January 2012 . Retrieved 2018-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Designers: Cedric Jacquemyn" (https://www.woolmarkprize.com/designers/cedric-jacquemyn/) . International Woolmark Prize . 2014 . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Woolmark Prize nominees 2015 announced" (http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/woolmark+prize+nominees+2015+announced,30435) . Vogue Australia . April 2014 . Retrieved 2018-01-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "The Belgians, An Unexpected Fashion Story" (https://www.bozar.be/en/activities/80682-the-belgians) . Bozar . 2015 . Retrieved 2018-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "FASHION WEEK RAMBLINGS – F/W 2018 MEN'S – PART 2, SHOWROOMS" (https://www.sz-mag.com/news/2018/01/fashion-week-ramblings-mens-fw-2018-part-2-showrooms/) . Style Zeitgeist . 2018-01-25 . Retrieved 2018-08-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Designer Andrew Yang's trans-Pacific tips include spa in India" (https://www.newsindiatimes.com/designer-andrew-yangs-trans-pacific-tips-include-spa-in-india/) . News India Times . January 28, 2019 . Retrieved 2019-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Tamino, le phénomène anversois qui affole l'Europe" (https://weekend.levif.be/lifestyle/news/tamino-le-phenomene-anversois-qui-affole-l-europe/article-normal-885759.html?cookie_check=1573658382) . September 7, 2018 . Retrieved 2019-11-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Modeontwerper Cedric Jacquemyn brengt Antwerpse modevibe naar Beiroet" (https://www.antwerpen.be/nieuws/modeontwerper-cedric-jacquemyn-brengt-antwerpse-modevibe-naar-beiroet) . Antwerpen . 2022 . Retrieved 2022-09-29 . 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British TV series or programme Hotter Than My Daughter Genre Reality (/wiki/Reality_television) Presented by Liz McClarnon (/wiki/Liz_McClarnon) Country of origin United Kingdom Original language English No. of series 2 No. of episodes 14 Production Running time 30 minutes Original release Network BBC Three (/wiki/BBC_Three) Release 4 February 2010 ( 2010-02-04 ) – 8 March 2011 ( 2011-03-08 ) Hotter Than My Daughter is a British reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) series on BBC Three (/wiki/BBC_Three) hosted by Atomic Kitten (/wiki/Atomic_Kitten) member Liz McClarnon (/wiki/Liz_McClarnon) . It focuses on mother/daughter relationships in which the mothers claim to be hotter than their daughters. Premise [ edit ] Liz McClarnon visits the home of a mother and daughter, where the daughter is embarrassed by the way her mother dresses and acts and the mother thinks her daughter should dress more her age. McClarnon talks to the mother and daughter separately and asks them how they feel about each other's looks and asks the mother if she feels she is hotter than her daughter. A lifesize fold-out picture of the two is shown to 5 Members of the 'Great British public', called 'Joe Jury' who consider whether the mother, daughter, or both of them should have a makeover, and the guilty party/ies are given a style overhaul by the Hotter Than My Daughter style team. Occasionally, two people that are not mother and daughter feature in the show, such as sisters or friends, and this is also decided by a 'jury'. There is no need for a 'Jury' if it is already decided who needs the makeover and they are given the makeover. At the end of the show, the viewers are shown photographs to see if they kept their new look(s). [ citation needed ] Series [ edit ] Series 1 comprised six episodes. Series 2 comprised eight episodes. Criticism [ edit ] The show led The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) columnist Lucy Mangan to challenge the BBC to explain how it conforms to that corporation's self-declared mission. [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mangan, Lucy (/wiki/Lucy_Mangan) (23 February 2010). "Cable girl: Hotter Than My Daughter" (https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2010/feb/23/hotter-than-my-daughter-bbc3) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 23 February 2010 . External links [ edit ] Hotter Than My Daughter at BBC Online (/wiki/BBC_Online) This article related to a BBC television (/wiki/BBC_Television) programme is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hotter_Than_My_Daughter&action=edit) . v t e This article relating to reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) in the United Kingdom is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American fashion designer based in France Baroness Elizabeth Hoyningen-Huene (October 5, 1891 – September 22, 1973) was an American-born Paris fashion designer known as Madame Yteb in the 1920s and 1930s. Born in Detroit (/wiki/Detroit) , Michigan to a Baltic German father and an American mother, she spent her working life in France (/wiki/France) . Through her marriages, she was known as Baroness Elizabeth Wrangell and later Mrs. Elizabeth Buzzard . She was widely known as "Betty". [1] (#cite_note-Just-1) Family [ edit ] Born in Detroit on October 5, 1891, Elizabeth Hoyningen-Huene was the elder daughter of Barthold Theodor Hermann Hoyningen-Huene, a Baltic nobleman, military officer in the Chevalier Guard (/wiki/Chevalier_Guard_Regiment) and lord of Navesti manor (near Võhma), and his wife, Emily Anne "Nan" Lothrop, a daughter of George Van Ness Lothrop (/wiki/George_V._N._Lothrop) , an American Ambassador to Russia (/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Russia) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The couple were married in Detroit (/wiki/Detroit) , Michigan, in 1888. Elizabeth was raised in the court of Saint Petersburg (/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) and in February 1914 was named maid of honour to Empress Maria (/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)) , the mother of Nicholas the II (/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia) . Betty had one sister, Helen (died 1976), who became a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) in France and the United States, using the name Helen de Huene. A brother George Hoyningen-Huene (/wiki/George_Hoyningen-Huene) , a fashion photographer. [3] (#cite_note-Kin-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The Last Motor Race of the Tsarist Russian Empire [ edit ] Just days prior to the outbreak of World War 1 (/wiki/World_War_I) in 1914, Betty took part in a 706 mile car race of six stages through what is now Estonia (/wiki/Estonia) and Latvia (/wiki/Latvia) . The race was the third Baltic Automobile and Aero Club competition for the Grand Duchess Victoria Feodrovna (/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Victoria_Feodorovna_(Victoria_Melita_of_Edinburgh)) Prize. The participants were mainly of Tsarist Russian and German Nobility. It was during the race that Baron Nikolai Alexandrovitch Von Wrangel 1869 - 1927, the cousin to General Peyotr Von Wrangel (/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel) , proposed to Betty and she accepted. He was adjutant to Grand Duke Michael of Russia (/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_of_Russia) . Betty married the Baron on 16 July 1915 aged 26. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) By 1916, they had separated and were divorced. The Russian Revolution (/wiki/Russian_Revolution) began in March 1917. While her ex-husband was away fighting against the Bolsheviks, Baroness Betty Wrangel worked as a nurse for the Red Cross (/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement) . She was driven from her post and was forced to flee Russia in 1918 after her property had been expropriated. She moved with her brother George, a photographer, initially to London (/wiki/London) . She entered the fashion industry to provide income. [3] (#cite_note-Kin-3) Madame Yteb [ edit ] Corsage van felroze rozen en dito druiven at the Rijksmuseum (/wiki/Rijksmuseum) Elizabeth relocated to Paris, and set up her own fashion business. By 1920 she was exhibiting her creations under the name of Yteb at Le Vieux Doelen Hotel in The Hague [7] (#cite_note-7) By 1921 she had opened her shop at 14 Rue Royale, Paris, and was employing one hundred and fifty Russian exiles. Betty named her business Madame Yteb (Betty backwards with one T). She was assisted by her young cousin Princess Xania Shalikoff-Katkoff. By 1924, they were showing their fashion collections in London, New York and elsewhere in America. [3] (#cite_note-Kin-3) [8] (#cite_note-8) They opened a branch of "Mme Yteb" at 4 Rue du Grand Hotel, Cannes in 1925. In December 1922, Betty married Lt Col Charles Norman Buzzard CMG DSO (29 April 1873 – April 1961) – a second marriage for both of them. His first marriage was to Isabel May, D'Aguilar Jackson in 1902. Charles had fought at Galipoli 1915-1916, and with the Italians on the Carso front in 1917 before joining the general staff in 1918 in Versailles. After retiring and moving to the reserve list. He rented the 18th c villa Manoir de l'Etang in Mougins, north of Cannes (/wiki/Cannes) in 1920. [1] (#cite_note-Just-1) Lt Colonel Buzzard became the House of Yteb business manager, and after the business closed in 1933, he amongst other activities became a bee keeper. In 1946, he published Shining Hours . [9] (#cite_note-9) In 1926, their daughter Elisabeth was born in Paris and Betty created a range of children's clothes for six month olds. The young Elisabeth recalled living at the Manoir de l'Etang from 1929 until 1942. [10] (#cite_note-10) The Shining Hours [ edit ] Chapter VXII of Charles Buzzard's The Shining Hours describes a fascinating account of life experienced by himself, Betty and their children at Le Manoir during the build up to World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) and after occupation during the Vichy regime (/wiki/Vichy_France) . He describes the succession of shining hours before the war of family life, gardening, bee keeping, painting, cosmopolitain parties, guest visits and political intrigue. They had Senegalese Troops (/wiki/Senegalese_Tirailleurs) billeted at Le Manoir for a time. Then with the deprivations that war brings, the food shortages and restrictions of travel Charles and their elder daughter Elisabeth left Le Manoir in 1942. Betty and their younger daughter remained. Betty had by now experienced the outbreak of both World Wars and the trials of leaving behind one's home. Charles described a night at Hotel Splendide in Marseilles (/wiki/Marseille) which unbeknown to him when booking was the local Gestapo (/wiki/Gestapo) HQ. Their train journey to Lisbon (/wiki/Lisbon) via Spain and their flight to Bristol by Dakota. [11] (#cite_note-11) British Army Major Preston John Hurman's 1946 wedding certificate lists him as the adopted son of "Mrs. E. Buzzard". [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Last years [ edit ] Betty's first husband, Baron Nikolai Wrangel, died in 1927 and was laid to rest in the Cimitero degli Inglesi, Rome, Italy. Her second husband, Charles Buzzard, died in April 1961 in Newbury, Berkshire. She died in 1973, aged 81, [ where? ] and was laid to rest at Campo Cestio, in Rome at the same cemetery close by to Nikolai, in tomb no 183. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "A Baroness, and Then Just Mrs. Buzzard, is Mme. Yteb of Paris" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-billings-gazette-a-baroness-and-the/127989238/) . Billings Gazette (/wiki/Billings_Gazette) . Paris (published March 6, 1927). AP. March 5, 1927 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Detroit Baroness is Paris Style Master" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-mrs-buzzard-2/123569314/) . Idaho Statesman (/wiki/Idaho_Statesman) . Paris. AP. March 4, 1927. p. 4 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bower, Helen C. (November 30, 1924). "Kin of Lothrop Family on Visit Here Tells of Fleeing Russia During Revolution" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-kin-of-lothrop-family/127989719/) . Detroit Free Press (/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press) . p. 2 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-4) U. Tillander-Godenhielm, The Russian Imperial Award System, 1894-1917, Helsinki, 2005, pp. 31-45. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Rene Levoll, The Last Motor Race of The Empire 2014 ISBN 9789949380602 accessed 1 Oct 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library archive accessed June 20, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-7) La Gazette de Hollande 18 October 1920 accessed 30 June 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Martyn, Marguerite (November 26, 1924). "Typical Creations Brought to St. Louis by a French Dressmaker" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-mme-yteb/123571185/) . St. Louis Post-Dispatch (/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch) . p. 28 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Nicolson, Harold (March 3, 1946). "Endurance Test" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-observer-c-n-buzzard/123565545/) . The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) . p. 3 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Life Has Not Been Dull for Mme. Yteb" (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press-life-has-not-b/127990356/) . The Burlington Free Press (/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press) . Paris (published February 15, 1927). AP. February 14, 1927. p. 12 . Retrieved July 10, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Shining Hours , C.N. Buzzard (1946), pp. 178-192. Accessed February 7, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Imperial War Museum Collections, page 4 (https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1030008843) , iwm.org.uk. Accessed March 7, 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Wedding Notice (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-surrey-advertiser-county-times-mum/140651885/) , newspapers.com. Accessed March 7, 2024. External links [ edit ] Philadelphia Museum of Art website (https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/209586) Yteb Couture 1925 (https://hprints.com/en/item/48904/Yteb-Couture-1925-Art-Deco-Fashion-R-Jast) Maid of Honour Cypher award (https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2017/russian-works-of-art-faberg-icons-l17116/lot.524.html) The Last Motor Race of The Empire Film Script of (https://tehnikamuuseum.com/content/documents/script_en.pdf) The Last Motor Race NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5f776947c‐dfq54 Cached time: 20240709045713 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.213 seconds Real time usage: 0.290 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 862/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14355/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1178/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25873/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.123/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4668562/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 259.798 1 -total 46.28% 120.223 1 Template:Reflist 38.96% 101.225 6 Template:Cite_news 23.27% 60.466 1 Template:Short_description 13.59% 35.307 2 Template:Pagetype 12.54% 32.581 1 Template:Where 11.60% 30.142 1 Template:Fix 8.77% 22.785 1 Template:Authority_control 7.58% 19.698 1 Template:Category_handler 6.03% 15.677 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74106908-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709045713 and revision id 1226423014. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baroness_Elizabeth_Hoyningen-Huene&oldid=1226423014 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baroness_Elizabeth_Hoyningen-Huene&oldid=1226423014) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1891 births (/wiki/Category:1891_births) 1973 deaths (/wiki/Category:1973_deaths) Women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use mdy dates from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2023) Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from March 2024 (/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_geographic_scope_from_March_2024) Place of death missing (/wiki/Category:Place_of_death_missing)
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This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery) without imparting real information . Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. ( July 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Maytee Zaray Martinez Born ( 1992-03-07 ) 7 March 1992 (age 32) Nationality Cuban American (/wiki/Cuban_American) Occupation Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) Known for Modeling (/wiki/Modeling) , TV personality (/wiki/TV_personality) Height 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) Maytee Zaray Martinez (born March 7, 1992) in New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) ) is a Cuban American (/wiki/Cuban_American) model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , designer, and television personality (/wiki/Television_personality) . She raised in West New York, New Jersey (/wiki/West_New_York,_New_Jersey) . Martinez started modeling at the age of 13, when she moved to Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Florida, to pursue modeling. Here, she enrolled in modeling classes at the Alicia Faccio Modeling School in Doral, Florida, and graduated from Miami International University for Art & Design (/wiki/Miami_International_University_of_Art_%26_Design) with Bachelor's Degree in Fashion Merchandise in 2010. In that year, she was featured on Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) ' site as a finalist for America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) [1] (#cite_note-1) and was on the Nuvo TV (/wiki/NuvoTV) reality show Model Latina (/wiki/Model_Latina) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Maytee was also a contestant on the second season of the E! Network (/wiki/E!_Network) 's House of DVF (/wiki/House_of_DVF) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Modeling [ edit ] As a runway model, Martinez has worked for designers such as Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Guess (/wiki/Guess_(clothing)) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , and others. She has also modeled at fashion weeks, including the Mercedes Benz Fashion Week (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion) , New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) , [4] (#cite_note-4) and Miami International Fashion Week (/wiki/Miami_Fashion_Week) . Martinez appeared in a Colombian television series. El Cartel de Los Sapos (/wiki/El_Cartel_de_los_Sapos_(film)) , the BET movie, CO 2 , and a number of short films. She also appeared on the popular Univision (/wiki/Univision) program, Sabado Gigante (/wiki/S%C3%A1bado_Gigante) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In March 2012, she was named the Queen (Reina) of New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) 's annual Cuban American Parade. Designer [ edit ] In 2013, Martinez launched [6] (#cite_note-6) her new swimwear line, "Adoro by Maytee by M." [7] (#cite_note-7) Philanthropy [ edit ] Martinez has worked with organizations including Art Hearts Fashion, Aids Healthcare Foundation, Fashion Designers Expo/ Let the Runway Meet the Cause , Susan G. Komen. [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] Martinez is the sister of Big Brother 19 (/wiki/Big_Brother_19_(American_season)) winner and The Challenge (/wiki/The_Challenge_(TV_series)) veteran Josh Martinez. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ANTM Cycle 15" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092542/http://www.rtvgames.com/showthread.php?t=32994) . Reality TV Games. Archived from the original (http://www.rtvgames.com/showthread.php?t=32994) on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved January 15, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nuvo, TV. "Maytee on Model Latina Season 5" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130206151720/http://mynuvotv.com/show/about?name=modellatina&season=5) . MyNuvoTv.com. Archived from the original (http://mynuvotv.com/show/about?name=modellatina&season=5) on February 6, 2013 . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "House of DVF Season 2: Meet the Global Brand Ambassador Candidates!" (https://www.eonline.com/news/692408/house-of-dvf-season-2-meet-the-global-brand-ambassador-candidates) . E! Online . 2015-09-02 . Retrieved 2022-07-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sincere, Mike. "Mike Sincere's Interview with Maytee M." (http://michaelsincere.com/mike/?p=680) MikeSincere.com . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Martinez, Maytee. "Sabado Gigante" (http://www.mayteemartinez.com/2011/08/sneek-peek-catch-maytee-on-sabado.html) . Performance . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) MMIFW. "Adoro launch in Miami, FL 2013" (https://archive.today/20130216111426/http://mmifw.com/2013-swimwear/adoro-swimwear/4494/) . MMIFW.com. Archived from the original (http://mmifw.com/2013-swimwear/adoro-swimwear/4494/) on February 16, 2013 . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Martinez, Maytee. "Adoro Swim Debut" (https://archive.today/20130216120858/https://secure.mynuvotv.com/blog/celebrating-in-style) . Nuvo TV. Archived from the original (https://secure.mynuvotv.com/blog/celebrating-in-style) on February 16, 2013 . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mouldy. "Maytee models at Fashion Designers Expo to help raise breast cancer awareness" (http://soletron.com/fashion-designers-expo-draft/) . Soletron.com . Retrieved January 25, 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.modelmaytee.com/) Maytee Martinez (http://www.mayteemartinez.com) at the Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Online Portfolio (http://www.modelmayhem.com/851029) Adoro by Maytee M. 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French fashion designer Madame Vignon also known as Madame Vignon-Chauvin (19th century), was a French fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Couturier (/wiki/Couturier) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Madame Vignon was an established fashion designer during the July Monarchy (/wiki/July_Monarchy) . She enjoyed a successful career, and came to have an influential position within the French fashion industry and mentioned as a member of the elite fashion designers in mid-19th-century Paris in the era of the Second Republic (/wiki/Second_French_Republic) and Second Empire (/wiki/Second_French_Empire) , alongside other top designers such as Madame Camille, Madame Palmyre (/wiki/Madame_Palmyre) and Madame Victorine (/wiki/Madame_Victorine) . [2] (#cite_note-2) As one of the top seamstresses in Paris, she and her main rival [3] (#cite_note-3) Madame Palmyre (/wiki/Madame_Palmyre) was engaged to deliver the 54 dresses trousseau of the new empress of France, Eugénie de Montijo (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo) , upon the wedding of Emperor Napoleon III (/wiki/Napoleon_III) in 1853; it was also Vignon who was given the assignment to design Eugenie´s wedding dress, which became internationally famous. [4] (#cite_note-4) She did the day dresses of the empress, while Pamyre did the evening dresses. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Penny McCracken: Women Artists and Designers in Europe Since 1800: An Annotated Bibliography (Bibliography of Women Artists & Designers in Europe Since 18) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Valerie Steele: Women of Fashion: Twentieth-century Designers, Rizzoli International, 1991 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Philippe Perrot: Fashioning the Bourgeoisie: A History of Clothing in the Nineteenth Century (https://books.google.com/books?id=D-FCM2ImWpkC&dq=Madame+palmyre+vignon&pg=PA41) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Granström, Alvar, Kvinnor och krinoliner: en mode- och sedeskildring från krinolinmodets tid, Carlsson, Stockholm, 1990 ^ (#cite_ref-5) James Laver: Manners and Morals in the Age of Optimism, 1848-1914, 1966 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐2t5jw Cached time: 20240721140353 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.063 seconds Real time usage: 0.135 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 267/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1231/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 396/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2763/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.023/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1098317/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 121.155 1 -total 84.55% 102.438 1 Template:Short_description 43.86% 53.141 3 Template:Main_other 42.34% 51.293 1 Template:SDcat 31.25% 37.858 2 Template:Pagetype 12.46% 15.096 1 Template:Reflist 1.80% 2.186 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64282370-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721140353 and revision id 1144494141. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madame_Vignon&oldid=1144494141 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madame_Vignon&oldid=1144494141) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : French fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_fashion_designers) French milliners (/wiki/Category:French_milliners) 19th-century French businesswomen (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_businesswomen) 19th-century French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:19th-century_French_businesspeople) People of the Second French Empire (/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Second_French_Empire) People of the July Monarchy (/wiki/Category:People_of_the_July_Monarchy) French women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_women_fashion_designers) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Year of birth missing (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing) Year of death missing (/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_missing)
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English model (1892–1975) Dolores Dolores with a Mercury (/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)) headdress and a crystal ball in a wedding dress spread for Vogue , 1919. Photographer: Adolph de Meyer (/wiki/Adolph_de_Meyer) . Born Kathleen Mary Rose 26 September 1893 [1] (#cite_note-1) Wimbledon (/wiki/Wimbledon,_London) , England, UK Died 7 November 1975 (aged 82) Paris, France Occupation Model Dolores or Rose Dolores (born Kathleen Mary Rose ; 26 September 1893 – 7 November 1975) was an English model. She is recognised as the first celebrity clothes model and has been credited with inventing the blank hauteur of the modern fashion model. [2] (#cite_note-Brown-2) Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. (/wiki/Florenz_Ziegfeld,_Jr.) called her "the loveliest showgirl in the world". [3] (#cite_note-Zieg-3) She was known for her commanding stage presence and became the star of the Ziegfeld Follies (/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies) from 1917 until her retirement in 1923. She lived the rest of her life in Paris and during the Second World War helped Allied airmen escape the German occupation. Early life [ edit ] Kathleen Rose was born in Wimbledon (/wiki/Wimbledon,_London) , [4] (#cite_note-Ogden-4) near London, on 26 September 1893. Her father was Harry Rose (born Northleigh, Oxfordshire), a former police officer, and her mother was Ellen Ann ("Nellie") Rose (born Vauxhall, London), a dressmaker. Kathleen had a sister, Eva Alice Rose (1890–1973). [5] (#cite_note-death-5) Newspaper reports say that Kathleen was born into poverty and in the 1901 England Census, Harry is shown without occupation. In the 1911 return he is marked as "Paralized 20 years". The family had two boarders and a visitor living with them at the time of the 1901 census when they were at 61 Russell Road, Wimbledon. Kathleen was not living with her parents at the time of the 1911 census. [6] (#cite_note-FMP1901-6) [7] (#cite_note-FMP1911-7) Around 1910, Kathleen started work for the fashion designer Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) . Newspaper reports, which may not be reliable, say she started as an errand girl after being forced to leave school, presumably for financial reasons. [4] (#cite_note-Ogden-4) Lady Duff-Gordon recognised that Kathleen's height of at least 6 feet (180 cm), [8] (#cite_note-8) elegant figure and blonde hair, made her an ideal clothes model. [9] (#cite_note-Broad-9) She trained Kathleen as one of her mannequins (models) and renamed her "Dolores". Duff-Gordon later described Dolores as the best mannequin that she ever had. [10] (#cite_note-10) Dolores was photographed wearing Duff-Gordon's creations in Paris in 1912, the same year the designer and her husband, Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon (/wiki/Sir_Cosmo_Duff-Gordon) , survived the ill-fated maiden voyage of the RMS (/wiki/RMS_Titanic) Titanic . [11] (#cite_note-Mend-11) Ziegfeld years [ edit ] The peacock costume, 1919 During the First World War, Duff-Gordon's focus shifted to her New York office which she had opened in 1910. [12] (#cite_note-Cart-12) For her New York fashion shows she imported her own models from England, although Dolores was not among the first she brought over. The shows became so popular that she had to start holding them in a theatre. [11] (#cite_note-Mend-11) It was probably at one such event around 1916 that Florenz Ziegfeld and his wife Billie Burke (/wiki/Billie_Burke) discovered Duff-Gordon's designs and her model Dolores. [11] (#cite_note-Mend-11) Ziegfeld was enraptured by Dolores and the luxurious spectacle of the show and Burke ordered two of Duff-Gordon's creations. [12] (#cite_note-Cart-12) Soon, Duff-Gordon was making costumes for Ziegfeld's theatrical productions, the Ziegfeld Follies . [13] (#cite_note-Sch200-13) Ziegfeld decided to base a scene in his next Follies on one of Duff-Gordon's fashion shows and to use Duff-Gordon's girls to model the clothes. [11] (#cite_note-Mend-11) [13] (#cite_note-Sch200-13) Duff-Gordon warned, "But they do not know how to sing or dance, let alone talk." Ziegfeld assured her that all they had to do was walk and wear the clothes. [14] (#cite_note-Miz-14) Thus was invented the Show Girl, whose job, unlike the Chorus Girl, was simply to be beautiful and to model clothes. [12] (#cite_note-Cart-12) The Duff-Gordon models were already trained in the Lucile Slither to which Ziegfeld added the Ziegfeld Walk, which enabled a girl to descend a staircase in full costume in such a way as to accentuate her natural attributes without appearing ungainly. [13] (#cite_note-Sch200-13) The fashion scene was only part of the show, however, which continued to have comedians, singers and dancers, and Duff-Gordon's models were not mentioned as principal players on the bill. [15] (#cite_note-15) Dolores. Photographer: Victor Georg, 1921 Appearances [ edit ] Dolores' first appearance for Ziegfeld was in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1917 in which she played the Empress of Fashion in the "Ladies of Fashion, An Episode in Chiffon". [12] (#cite_note-Cart-12) As the tallest and most stately, Dolores came on last in a parade of nine girls in chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) gowns of varying degrees of transparency. [14] (#cite_note-Miz-14) Her dress was known as "The Discourager of Hesitancy" in accordance with Duff-Gordon's practice of giving her gowns provocative names. [16] (#cite_note-Schw-16) In Midnight Frolic of 1919 , Dolores played the part of The White Peacock in the Tropical Birds number. She wore a 10 feet (3.0 m) high peacock costume designed by Pascaud of Paris which Marjorie Farnsworth described as "one of the loveliest costumes ever seen on Broadway". [17] (#cite_note-farn-17) According to one reviewer, a member of the audience asked another, "Is she going to dance?" to which the reply came, "A woman who can stand and walk like that doesn't have to dance." [2] (#cite_note-Brown-2) The idea of a peacock costume was not new as Anna Held (/wiki/Anna_Held) had worn one in Follow Me in 1916 but it was Dolores who made it her own. Gertrude Hoffmann (/wiki/Gertrude_Hoffmann_(dancer)) wore a similar costume in 1920. [18] (#cite_note-Reilly-18) Dolores, like the other former mannequins, was only required to walk and pose when on stage. It was said that she never smiled during an appearance. [12] (#cite_note-Cart-12) In 1920, however, she had her first speaking part in the musical comedy Sally (/wiki/Sally_(musical)) , where she played the minor role of Mrs Ten Broek. [19] (#cite_note-19) It is not recorded whether she was required to smile during the performance. [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) As Dolores' fame grew, so did her earnings. When she started with Ziegfeld, she earned $75 per week but by 1923 this had risen to $500 per week. [3] (#cite_note-Zieg-3) In October 1920 she was able to travel first class on the RMS (/wiki/RMS_Aquitania) Aquitania between Britain and America with her sister. In August 1922, the sisters made the same trip on the RMS (/wiki/RMS_Olympic) Olympic , sister ship of the RMS (/wiki/RMS_Titanic) Titanic . [22] (#cite_note-22) She was the subject of syndicated articles that appeared in newspapers across America, often praising her beauty in the most effusive and florid terms. One article claimed her beauty was "acclaimed in every civilized land" [4] (#cite_note-Ogden-4) and there were geometric diagrams demonstrating the perfect symmetry of her face. [23] (#cite_note-spring-23) Style [ edit ] Dolores had a laconic [2] (#cite_note-Brown-2) and androgynous beauty, and a haughty demeanor on stage that had been cultivated by Duff-Gordon and was naturally aided by Dolores' height. It was said that Duff-Gordon had trained her to act like a Duchess. [17] (#cite_note-farn-17) Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) commented, "I remember his [Ziegfeld's] girls so vividly. Dolores was the greatest of them – a totally Gothic English beauty. She was very highly paid just to walk across the stage – and the whole place would go to pieces. It was a good walk I can tell you – it had such fluidity and grace. Everything I know about walking comes from watching Ziegfeld's girls." [24] (#cite_note-24) Influence [ edit ] The principal attribute that Dolores brought to the Follies was not beauty but attitude. She didn't sing or dance and she didn't speak on stage until later in her career, but the combination of Duff-Gordon's costumes, Ziegfeld's staging and Dolores' commanding stage presence has been seen as influencing the performances of generations of American showgirls, from Josephine Baker (/wiki/Josephine_Baker) up to the modern day. [18] (#cite_note-Reilly-18) Of Duff-Gordon's models generally, Randolph Carter has said that their "regal manner and astonishing hauteur were helpful in maintaining proper decorum at the Midnight Frolic [1918 etc.] where liquor flowed rather freely". [12] (#cite_note-Cart-12) Of Dolores specifically, it has been said that her unsmiling "blank hauteur" [2] (#cite_note-Brown-2) was the template for the performance style of the modern fashion model. [2] (#cite_note-Brown-2) Marriage [ edit ] Mrs Tudor Wilkinson. Eve, The Lady's Pictorial , 1925. On 15 May 1923, [17] (#cite_note-farn-17) Dolores married the St. Louis (/wiki/St._Louis) art collector Tudor Wilkinson (/wiki/William_Tudor_Wilkinson) in Paris and retired from the stage. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-Mill-26) The ceremony took place in the mairie of the first arrondissement (/wiki/1st_arrondissement_of_Paris) and later at the oratory of the Louvre (/wiki/Louvre) . [17] (#cite_note-farn-17) Mr and Mrs Dudley Field Malone (/wiki/Dudley_Field_Malone) were the witnesses. [17] (#cite_note-farn-17) In 1925, the American press reported that the couple lived on the Île Saint-Louis (/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Louis) in a house overlooking Notre-Dame Cathedral (/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral) , [23] (#cite_note-spring-23) most likely the three-storey apartment at 18 Quai d'Orleans (/wiki/Quai_d%27Orleans) referred to in later sources. [27] (#cite_note-27) After her marriage, Dolores adopted the severe masculine style of dress and hair popular at that time, appearing in Eve, The Lady's Pictorial in 1925 in a suit jacket and tie. [26] (#cite_note-Mill-26) [28] (#cite_note-28) The mannish appearance, uncharacteristic (in photographs) half-smile, and the knowing look in the picture has caused later commentators to wonder whether Dolores was signalling that she was a lesbian, but there is no evidence to suggest that she was and her appearance at this time may simply have been a fashion statement. [2] (#cite_note-Brown-2) The photograph appeared, slightly changed, on the cover of Fashioning Sapphism: The Origins of a Modern English Lesbian Culture by Laura Doan in 2013. [29] (#cite_note-29) World War II [ edit ] Paris was occupied by the Germans during World War II. Many Allied (/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II) citizens were interned (/wiki/Internment) , and Dolores (born in England and married to an American) was detained at the German internment camp (/wiki/Internment_camp) at Vittel (/wiki/Vittel) . [30] (#cite_note-loot-30) The exact dates of her detention are unknown, and it is possible that Dolores did not spend her whole detention at Vittel. Vittel was a former hotel and spa, and relatively comfortable as internment camps went. [31] (#cite_note-31) Tudor Wilkinson, as far as is known, was not detained. After the war, the American Office of Strategic Services (/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services) Art Looting Investigation Unit (/wiki/X-2_Counter_Espionage_Branch#Special_units) wrote that he kept a watch on the Paris art market for Sepp Angerer (/wiki/Sepp_Angerer) , Hermann Göring (/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring) 's art agent, and that Dolores had been released from Vittel after Göring made a personal visit to the Wilkinsons' apartment. In his life of Göring, David Irving (/wiki/David_Irving) wrote that the visit took place in 1940, and that Wilkinson wrote to Göring a year later to thank him for interceding, and telling him that he should keep a painting of Juliana von Stolberg (/wiki/Juliana_of_Stolberg) that he had admired in their apartment: "We both agreed that we wanted you to have 'Juliana' always, to thank you for what you so modestly did for [us]." [ citation needed ] In 1946, Tudor Wilkinson was placed on the OSS "red flag" list of people and organisations that were involved in the art trade under the Nazis, with the caveat that police reports indicated that he was active in the Resistance. [30] (#cite_note-loot-30) Vittel internment camp, France According to the memoirs of Drue Tartière (/wiki/Drue_Leyton) , Dolores and Tudor Wilkinson were both heavily involved in the Resistance. [32] (#cite_note-Tarti-32) Tartière had also been in Vittel, and had managed to obtain a release on the false grounds that she was dying of cancer. She went on to help smuggle at least 42 Allied airmen out of occupied territory. [33] (#cite_note-33) She wrote that a short wave radio had been concealed at 18 Quai d'Orléans so that the Resistance could communicate with London, and machine guns were hidden behind the fireplace and elsewhere in the apartment. [32] (#cite_note-Tarti-32) Tudor Wilkinson's secretary, who had been a professor at the Sorbonne (/wiki/University_of_Paris) , was active in organising sabotage by railway workers. [32] (#cite_note-Tarti-32) Even after the Americans liberated Paris, the situation in the city remained dangerous in the first few days. Isolated German units and snipers continued to be active. Dolores' sister Eva was shot in the stomach while standing in front of a window in the Wilkinsons' apartment. On the evening of the same day, there was a German bombing raid, and the apartment was hit by multiple incendiary bombs (/wiki/Incendiary_bombs) that started several fires. The Wilkinsons and Drue Tartière managed to throw the bombs out of the window or smother them in sand. As they were doing so, a large bomb exploded near Notre Dame and water from the Seine (/wiki/Seine) splashed their faces. Dolores collapsed with a "heart attack" and her husband was burned on the arms and legs when he tried to extinguish an incendiary with water. The situation outside was just as bad, with whole buildings collapsing from fire while German snipers shot and killed French firefighters attending to the blazes. Tartière left Paris immediately after this attack, and her account provides no later information about the Wilkinsons or whether Eva survived her injuries. [34] (#cite_note-34) Death [ edit ] Dolores died in Paris on 7 November 1975. [35] (#cite_note-NYT-35) Selected stage appearances [ edit ] Ziegfeld Follies of 1917 Miss 1917 (/wiki/Miss_1917) Fleurette's Dream (1917) Ziegfeld Follies of 1918 Midnight Frolic of 1918 Midnight Frolic of 1919 Ziegfeld Nine O'Clock Review (1919) Midnight Frolic of 1920 Sally (/wiki/Sally_(musical)) (1920) Notes and references [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Surrey, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1912 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "De Meyer at Vogue: Commercializing Queer Affect in First World War-era Fashion Photography" (http://www.elspethbrown.org/sites/default/files/imce/brown_-_de_meyer_at_vogue.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150417030228/http://www.elspethbrown.org/sites/default/files/imce/brown_-_de_meyer_at_vogue.pdf) 17 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Elspeth H. Brown (http://www.elspethbrown.org/) . Photography & Culture (/wiki/Photography_%26_Culture) , Volume 2, Issue 3, November 2009, pp. 253–274. Archived here. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150417030228/http://www.elspethbrown.org/sites/default/files/imce/brown_-_de_meyer_at_vogue.pdf) ^ Jump up to: a b Ziegfeld, Richard and Paulette Ziegfeld. (1993) The Ziegfeld Touch: The Life and Times of Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. New York: Harry N. Abrams, p. 292. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8109-3966-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-3966-0) ^ Jump up to: a b c "Found His Art Treasures' Beauty Surpassed by Dolores". The Ogden Standard-Examiner (/wiki/The_Ogden_Standard-Examiner) . newspapers.com. 2 September 1923. p. 8. (subscription required) ^ (#cite_ref-death_5-0) England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007 ^ (#cite_ref-FMP1901_6-0) 1901 England, Wales & Scotland Census Transcription. findmypast.co.uk Retrieved 22 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-FMP1911_7-0) 1911 England, Wales & Scotland Census Transcription. findmypast.co.uk Retrieved 22 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Schweitzer, 2009, p. 204. (https://books.google.com/books?id=hraI2Nm6sNwC&pg=PA204) ^ (#cite_ref-Broad_9-0) Rose Dolores. (http://broadway.cas.sc.edu/content/rose-dolores) Broadway Photographs . Retrieved 21 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Duff-Gordon, Lucy. (1932) Discretions and Indiscretions . New York: Frederick A. Stokes, p. 69. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Mendes, Valerie D. & Amy De La Haye. (2009) Lucile Ltd: London, Paris, New York and Chicago: 1890s–1930s . London: V & A Publishing, pp. 176 & 184. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85177-561-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85177-561-3) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Carter, Randolph. (1974) The World of Flo Ziegfeld . London: Paul Elek, pp. 59–60. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-236-31053-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-236-31053-4) ^ Jump up to: a b c Schweitzer, 2009, p. 200. (https://books.google.com/books?id=hraI2Nm6sNwC&pg=PA200) ^ Jump up to: a b Mizejewski, Linda. (1999) Ziegfeld Girl: Image and Icon in Culture and Cinema. Durham: Duke University Press (/wiki/Duke_University_Press) , p. 95. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8223-2323-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-2323-0) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Farnsworth, 1956, p. 188. ^ (#cite_ref-Schw_16-0) Schweitzer, Marlis. (2009). When Broadway Was the Runway: Theater, Fashion, and American Culture . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press) . p. 199. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8122-0616-6 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Farnsworth, Marjorie. (1956) The Ziegfeld Follies . New York: Putnam, pp. 99–102. ^ Jump up to: a b Reilly, Anne. (2012) From Lucile's Showroom to Ziegfeld's Stage: Fashion, Celebrity Culture and Theatre Spectacle . (http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/reillyperpaper.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141124143634/http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/reillyperpaper.pdf) 24 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Inter-Disciplinary.Net (http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/ethos/performance/project-archives/3rd/session-4-reading-and-understanding-costume-narratives-and-cultures/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141124143750/http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/ethos/performance/project-archives/3rd/session-4-reading-and-understanding-costume-narratives-and-cultures/) 24 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 24 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Mizejewski, 1999, p. 128. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Sally. (http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_s/sally.htm) The Guide to Musical Theatre . Retrieved 21 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Musical of the Month: Sally. New York Public Library (/wiki/New_York_Public_Library) , 28 December 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Passenger Lists leaving UK 1890–1960 Transcription. findmypast.co.uk Retrieved 22 November 2014. ^ Jump up to: a b "How Wild Paris Tamed Our 'Peacock Girl' ". (https://www.newspapers.com/image/41282911/) Springfield Missouri Republican , 30 August 1925, p. 22. newspapers.com Retrieved 24 November 2014. (subscription required) ^ (#cite_ref-24) Vreeland, Diana & Christopher Hemphill. (1980) Allure . Garden City: Doubleday. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-385-15048-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-15048-4) ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Mannequin's Romance", The Daily Mirror , 17 May 1923, p. 10. ^ Jump up to: a b "Most Beautiful Woman in World Quit Stage Cold for Her Husband" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_nUxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6SEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5908%2C4854239) The Milwaukee Journal (/wiki/The_Milwaukee_Journal) , 22 January 1935. p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-27) Tartière, Drue, & M.R. Werner. (1946) The House Near Paris: An American Woman's Story Of Traffic In Patriots . (https://archive.org/stream/housenearparisan012176mbp#page/n227/mode/2up/) New York: Simon & Schuster (/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster) , p. 206. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Eve, The Lady's Pictorial , 25 March 1925. ^ (#cite_ref-29) Doan, Laura (2013). Fashioning Sapphism: The Origins of a Modern English Lesbian Culture . Google Books. Retrieved 18 December 2014. ^ Jump up to: a b Post-War Reports: Art Looting Intelligence Unit (ALIU) Reports 1945–1946 and ALIU Red Flag Names List and Index. (http://www.lootedart.com/MVI3RM469661) lootedart.com Retrieved 27 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Tartière & Werner, 1946, p. 114. (https://archive.org/stream/housenearparisan012176mbp#page/n131/mode/2up/) ^ Jump up to: a b c Tartière & Werner, 1946, pp. 241–242. (https://archive.org/stream/housenearparisan012176mbp#page/n261/mode/2up) ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Obituary: Drue Leyton; Actress, Member of French Resistance." (http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-11/news/mn-27608_1_drue-leyton) Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , 11 February 1997. Retrieved 27 November 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-34) Tartière & Werner, 1946, pp. 310–313. (https://archive.org/stream/housenearparisan012176mbp#page/n333/mode/2up/) ^ (#cite_ref-NYT_35-0) "Dolores, 'Ziegfeld Follies' Star Who Gave It All Up, Dies at 83" (https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/20/archives/dolores-ziegfeld-follies-star-who-gave-it-all-up-dies-at-83.html) by Peter S. Flint, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , 20 November 1975, p. 44. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolores (Ziegfeld girl) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dolores_(Ziegfeld_girl)) . Historical Ziegfeld Group (http://historicalzg.piwigo.com/) Rose Dolores (https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/38217) at the Internet Broadway Database (/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database) Rose Dolores (https://www.playbill.com/person/rose-dolores-vault-0000108542) at Playbill Vault (/wiki/Playbill#Other_media) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cdvv2 Cached time: 20240721040350 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.470 seconds Real time usage: 0.627 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3934/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23349/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3400/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 43671/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7810798/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 564.800 1 -total 29.71% 167.793 1 Template:Reflist 20.70% 116.896 1 Template:Infobox_person 14.52% 82.035 1 Template:Short_description 11.42% 64.506 5 Template:ISBN 9.44% 53.323 1 Template:Cite_news 8.56% 48.331 5 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 8.33% 47.044 2 Template:Pagetype 6.81% 38.474 23 Template:Main_other 6.60% 37.304 1 Template:Citation_needed Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43852180-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721040350 and revision id 1235530056. 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American fashion model and actress (born 1982) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Jessica Caban" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jessica+Caban%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jessica+Caban%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jessica+Caban%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jessica+Caban%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jessica+Caban%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jessica+Caban%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Jessica Caban Born ( 1982-06-13 ) June 13, 1982 (age 42) New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Occupations Model actress fashion designer Partner Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) (2011–present) Modeling information Height 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Jessica Caban (born June 13, 1982) [1] (#cite_note-1) is an American model, actress and fashion designer. She was a contestant on Model Latina (/wiki/Model_Latina) , where she was crowned the first ever Model Latina champion. Early life [ edit ] Caban was born on June 13, 1982 to Puerto Rican parents in New York City, and raised in Spanish Harlem (/wiki/Spanish_Harlem) . Career [ edit ] She began her career in 2002, after being chosen to represent Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) 's line "J-LO" as a runner-up in a nationwide search. She was later featured in many commercials, magazines and landed the main role in Proyecto Uno (/wiki/Proyecto_Uno) 's music video (/wiki/Music_video) "Holla". [2] (#cite_note-Bio-2) In 2008, Caban auditioned for Sí TV (/wiki/S%C3%AD_TV) 's new reality (/wiki/Reality_television) competition show, Model Latina (/wiki/Model_Latina) , in which aspiring models compete against each other in fashion and cultural challenges; it was filmed in Los Angeles. Caban and Darlenis Duran competed in the season finale, where Caban has crowned Sí TV (/wiki/S%C3%AD_TV) 's first Model Latina. She was awarded a $10,000 contract with Q Management and was featured in spreads of magazines. [3] (#cite_note-3) From 2016 to 2018, Caban played the role of Sonia on the comedy-drama series Jane The Virgin (/wiki/Jane_The_Virgin) . [4] (#cite_note-4) She created and designed the swimwear line J.Marie Swim, that actively operated until 2020, releasing several pieces and campaigns. [5] (#cite_note-5) Caban also works as a content creator, focusing on fashion, lifestyle and wellness on her Instagram page. [6] (#cite_note-6) Personal life [ edit ] Caban has been in an on-and-off relationship (/wiki/On-and-off_relationship) with singer Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) since 2011. [7] (#cite_note-7) Filmography [ edit ] Film Year Film Role Notes 2010 (/wiki/2010_in_film) Are You for Great Sex? Thea Gala Larson Film Debut Television Year Title Role Notes 2008 (/wiki/2008_in_television) - 2011 (/wiki/2011_in_television) Model Latina (/wiki/Model_Latina) Herself Season 1 Winner 2016 (/wiki/2016_in_television) - 2017 (/wiki/2017_in_television) Jane the Virgin (/wiki/Jane_the_Virgin) Sonia 4 episodes Awards [ edit ] Year Group Award Result Film/Show 2010 Boston International Film Festival Best Acting Performance in a Feature Film Won Are You for Great Sex? Hoboken International Film Festival (/wiki/Hoboken_International_Film_Festival) Festival Award for Best Actress Won Other Sites [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) @officialjessicacaban (June 16, 2019). "37 in New Orleans🎈was unforgettable!!" (https://www.instagram.com/p/ByyHS8ohAei/) . Retrieved September 8, 2023 – via Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . ^ (#cite_ref-Bio_2-0) "Website" (http://www.jessicacaban.com) . Jessica Caban. 2008. [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-3) Rodriguez, Priscilla (January 29, 2014). " 8 Things to Know About Bruno Mars’ Girlfriend (https://web.archive.org/web/20161015201522/http://www.latina.com/buzz/bruno-mars-girlfriend-jessica-caban-bio-facts#3) ". latina.com. Retrieved May 9, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-4) IMDb" [1] (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3809466) " ^ (#cite_ref-5) J. Marie Swim Instagram" [2] (https://www.instagram.com/jmarieswim/) " ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jessica Caban's Official Instagram" [3] (https://www.instagram.com/officialjessicacaban) " ^ (#cite_ref-7) Neades, Cheyann (August 4, 2020). "Here's what to know about Bruno Mars's longtime girlfriend" (https://www.theknot.com/content/bruno-mars-girlfriend) . The Knot . Retrieved May 9, 2022 . https://amp.scmp.com/magazines/style/entertainment/article/3256361/who-bruno-mars-girlfriend-13-years-jessica-caban-24k-magic-singers-partner-modelled-jennifer-lopez (https://amp.scmp.com/magazines/style/entertainment/article/3256361/who-bruno-mars-girlfriend-13-years-jessica-caban-24k-magic-singers-partner-modelled-jennifer-lopez) External links [ edit ] Jessica Caban (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3809466/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) First Model Latina (/wiki/Model_Latina) winner Cycle 1 (2008) Succeeded by Codie Cabral NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐7q9r2 Cached time: 20240712132753 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.434 seconds Real time usage: 0.623 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3055/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26813/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3768/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20257/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.298/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8189979/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 595.754 1 -total 39.17% 233.344 1 Template:Infobox_model 22.74% 135.468 1 Template:Reflist 17.04% 101.504 3 Template:Cite_web 16.09% 95.864 1 Template:Cite_Instagram 12.24% 72.937 1 Template:Short_description 11.17% 66.575 1 Template:BLP_sources 10.21% 60.803 1 Template:Ambox 6.99% 41.664 24 Template:Main_other 6.77% 40.344 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27488916-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712132753 and revision id 1230805095. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Caban&oldid=1230805095 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Caban&oldid=1230805095) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1982 births (/wiki/Category:1982_births) Actresses from New York City (/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_New_York_City) American female dancers (/wiki/Category:American_female_dancers) Dancers from New York (state) (/wiki/Category:Dancers_from_New_York_(state)) Female models from New York (state) (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_New_York_(state)) American women television personalities (/wiki/Category:American_women_television_personalities) American film actresses (/wiki/Category:American_film_actresses) Participants in American reality television series (/wiki/Category:Participants_in_American_reality_television_series) American actresses of Puerto Rican descent (/wiki/Category:American_actresses_of_Puerto_Rican_descent) Hidden categories: All articles with failed verification (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification) Articles with failed verification from June 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_June_2023) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) BLP articles lacking sources from May 2014 (/wiki/Category:BLP_articles_lacking_sources_from_May_2014) All BLP articles lacking sources (/wiki/Category:All_BLP_articles_lacking_sources) Use mdy dates from September 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2023) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Date of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Date_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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”Two Russian Beauties” by Filipp Malyavin (/wiki/Filipp_Malyavin) (c.1905) 俄罗斯时尚 [ edit ] 俄罗斯时尚 多种多样，反映了当代时尚规范和整个 俄罗斯联邦 (/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia) 服装的历史演变。俄罗斯时尚被认为受到国家 社会主义意识形态 (/wiki/Socialism) 、俄罗斯境内各种文化以及周边地区文化的影响。 A USSR stamp, Painting. Date of issue: 22 August 1988. Designer: A. Zharov., Michel 5861, Scott B137 10+5 K. multicoloured. "Portrait of O.K. Lansere" ( Z.E. Serebryakova (/wiki/Zinaida_Serebriakova) , 1910) 苏联时尚史 [ edit ] 新经济政策（1920年代） 新经济政策 (/wiki/New_Economic_Policy) 对私营企业的授权使得西方时尚进入了苏联。 [1] (#cite_note-1) 然而， 布尔什维克 (/wiki/Bolshevik) 意识形态反对西方时尚消费，将其视为本质上的资本主义实践。西方时尚在一个试图淡化经济地位和性别差异的体系下强调两者。 [2] (#cite_note-2) 1920 年代初期， 党 (/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union) 批准的杂志，如 《Rabotnitsa》 (/wiki/Rabotnitsa) （《劳动妇女》）和 《Krest'yanka》 （《农民妇女》）提供了有关时尚的讨论。封面上展示的是穿着朴素工作服的女性，但杂志上经常包含销售时尚服装的私营公司的广告。 [3] (#cite_note-3) 然而，到了 1927 年，这些杂志传达的信息是一致的：评判女性的标准应该是她们的工作能力，而不是她们的外表。因此，时尚作为一种美容手段，是 资产阶级的 (/wiki/Bourgeois) ，对社会主义社会是有害的。 [4] (#cite_note-4) 取而代之的是，国家委托项目设计一种新型苏联服装，该服装借鉴了传统服装、 建构主义 (/wiki/Constructivism_(art)) 形式和技术设施。 Varvara Stepanova (/wiki/Varvara_Stepanova) 和 Alexander Rodchenko (/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko) 等建构主义者一致认为，由市场驱动的时尚本质上是有害的。 [5] (#cite_note-5) 他们利用立体主义 (/wiki/Cubism) 的简单几何形状来设计功能性强、易于批量生产、有时甚至 男女皆宜的 (/wiki/Unisex) 服装。 [6] (#cite_note-6) 然而，由于缺乏足够的材料和机械，这种 “prozodezhda ”或“生产服装”并没有吸引它的目标 无产阶级观众。 (/wiki/Proletariat) [7] (#cite_note-7) 设计只提供给最有特权的 知识分子 (/wiki/Intelligentsia) 成员，他们最终更喜欢西方时尚而不是高度实验性的 prozodezhda 。 [8] (#cite_note-8) 有关 1922 年至 1991 年间生产的珠宝的更多信息： 苏联珠宝 (/wiki/Soviet_jewelry) 斯大林时代（1930年代-1950年代） [ edit ] 在 斯大林时代 (/wiki/Stalin_era) ，反时尚情绪消散了。现在，党批准的杂志将时尚和美容作为苏联妇女生活的必要组成部分。Rabotnitsa几乎在每一期中都包含时尚建议，并定期报道苏联各地开设的新时装公司。 [9] (#cite_note-9) 克雷斯特扬卡 甚至组织了巡回演出，将时尚带入乡村。 [10] (#cite_note-10) 所提倡的美学是多种多样的，从城市抛光到华丽的装饰。 [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) 这种对时尚的新兴趣与 约瑟夫·斯大林 (/wiki/Joseph_Stalin) 的断言有关，即“生活变得更美好、更快乐”。 [13] (#cite_note-13) 朴素的妇女和古朴的农民的持续形象被认为传播 了资本主义 (/wiki/Capitalist) 的观点，即社会主义会导致贫困。时髦漂亮的衣服是文化和生活质量与资本主义时期同等（或优越）的信号。 Stakhanovites (/wiki/Stakhanovites) 作为成功工人的首要典范，被期望遵守特别高的外表标准。他们经常被拍到穿着精美的衣服，甚至在去工厂的时候。 实际上，这些被吹捧的时尚超出了大多数公民的承受能力。 [14] (#cite_note-14) 苏联工业无法大量生产时尚服装，而且存在的东西也无法普遍销售。 [15] (#cite_note-15) 二战 (/wiki/World_War_II) 期间，苏联时装业中断。 [16] (#cite_note-16) 如果普通的苏联公民想要一件特别时尚的衣服，他们通常被迫委托私人裁缝。日常时尚通常是自己制作的，杂志一直建议女性对自己的外表采取 自己动手 (/wiki/Do_it_yourself) （DIY）的方法。 [17] (#cite_note-17) 赫鲁晓夫时代（1950年代-1960年代） [ edit ] 赫鲁晓夫的解冻 (/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw) 为国内媒体带来了更多的西方时尚代表。 [18] (#cite_note-18) 记者 (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) 被派往国外报道最新的国际时尚趋势。然而，国有时尚机构和杂志为苏联观众缓和了这些趋势。时尚“热潮”被拒绝，取而代之的是经典的、经久不衰的风格。此外，还强调了适度和谦虚。 [19] (#cite_note-19) 例如， 可可·香奈儿（Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) ）的标志性风格尤其受到推崇，被视为永恒和简单精致的象征。 [20] (#cite_note-20) 1959年 《纽约时报 (/wiki/New_York_Times) 》的一篇文章抨击苏联时尚是过时西方形式的不起眼的“笨拙复制品”。 [21] (#cite_note-21) 然而，这些样式的可用性正在上升。 [22] (#cite_note-22) 像新开业的 GUM百货公司 (/wiki/GUM_(department_store)) 这样的商店现在出售新的时装，尽管价格很高。 [23] (#cite_note-23) 在前几代人回忆“伟大的卫国战争”和约瑟夫·斯大林的“ 红色恐怖 (/wiki/Red_terror) ”的地方，50 年代和 60 年代产生了“人造卫星一代”和臭名昭著的 stilyagi (/wiki/Stilyagi) （ 俄语 (/wiki/Russian_language) ：стиляги），他们倡导流行文化中新的年轻浪潮。 [24] (#cite_note-24) 在 1950 年代中期，苏联政府通过“公开谴责、羞辱和羞辱”发起了一场反 stilyagi 运动，因为受到过度西方时尚规范的影响和推广。 在前几代人中，时尚并不是苏联思想家关注的焦点，经常被这些圈子视为“社会主义的反常现象”。 [25] (#cite_note-25) 然而，在 第二次世界大战 (/wiki/Second_World_War) 之交，在 赫鲁晓夫解冻 (/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw) 期间，当局开始意识到时尚是社会的“自然力量”;特别是随着越来越多的女性对穿着得体感兴趣。 [26] (#cite_note-26) 因此，时尚成为苏维埃政府寻求重建饱受战争蹂躏的国家和振兴促进亲党情绪的努力的途径。 [27] (#cite_note-27) 战后“新苏维埃人民”的象征将因此出现，其中时髦的年轻人将帮助构建新共产主义乌托邦 [28] (#cite_note-28) 的现代主义形象，并随后帮助打击反文化运动，如流行文化阵线的stilyagi。 赫鲁晓夫时代的时尚制度以国家资助的平行组织系统为特征。 [29] (#cite_note-29) 有迹象表明，赫鲁晓夫虽然仍然反对西方文化中艺术和建筑的过度性质，但他对时尚和服装业的判断是宽容的。 [30] (#cite_note-30) 1964年，赫鲁晓夫主持了苏联最高委员会第四次会议，该会议在 提高人民繁荣领域促进了共产党纲领 的措施。他宣称： 上班族希望获得具有最新款式和美丽颜色的衣服和鞋子，并与季节和时尚相对应。这是一件好事。 但是，他所提到的第三党纲领（1961年党的第二十二次代表大会通过）承诺在1980年代全面共产主义的到来，却没有提到时尚的概念。至于服装消费，只是为了满足“理性人的理性需求”。 [31] (#cite_note-31) 从 1960 年代初到 1980 年代末，苏联将发展社会主义世界最大的时装设计和营销系统;拥有 30 家地区时装公司，雇用了超过 2802 名设计师。 该州对时尚的新态度是经过精心计算的。斯大林时代对过分时尚的推广，以及与实际可用性的对比，导致了公众的不满。在 赫鲁晓夫时代 (/wiki/Khrushchev_era) ，国有 服装业 (/wiki/Clothing_industry) 仍然无法生产大量时尚服装。 [32] (#cite_note-32) 然而，简化的时尚、拒绝过剩和高昂的价格使该行业对消费者需求进行了一定程度的控制。到1960年代初，中产阶级的外表标准已经提高，以至于 莫斯科 (/wiki/Moscow) 的街头时尚几乎与西方城市的街头时尚没有区别。 [33] (#cite_note-33) 与此同时， 反主流文化 (/wiki/Counterculture) 的时尚运动在精英青年中兴起。 stilyagi (/wiki/Stilyagi) ，或“时尚猎人”，最初基于媒体对西方（尤其是美国）时尚的描绘。男性穿着 夏威夷衬衫 (/wiki/Hawaiian_shirts) 、 太阳镜 (/wiki/Sunglasses) 、窄裤子和尖头鞋等物品，而女性 stilyagi 则穿着 迷你裙 (/wiki/Miniskirts) ，保持着孩子般的举止。这些风格被贴上了“过度”的标签， 共青 (/wiki/Komsomol) 团团体有时会突袭 stilyagi 的藏身处并剪掉他们的头发和裤腿。 [34] (#cite_note-34) 因此，在一些历史学家看来，赫鲁晓夫时代代表了一种意识形态的转变， [35] (#cite_note-35) 这种转变主要是由通过商品交换进行的国际接触推动的;至少在文化表达方面，标志着西方价值观的新潮流。然而，这些观点是有争议的，一些学者将矛头对准了苏联政府集体监控的增长和“志愿警务”的出现，这增加了“赫鲁晓夫领导下日常社会控制的普遍性”。 勃列日涅夫时代（1970年代-1980年代） [ edit ] 到 1960 年代末，苏联时尚机构，如中央时装局 ODMO（全联盟原型屋），正在接受越来越新颖的西方趋势。 [36] (#cite_note-36) 与此同时，仍然需要建立独特的苏联时尚。例如，“太空时尚”通过颂扬 苏联科学 (/wiki/Soviet_science) 的胜利，直接融入了国家意识形态。 [37] (#cite_note-37) 然而，现实与ODMO的设计不同。苏联工业跟不上对时尚商品的需求，苏联商店的供应比其他社会主义国家差。 [38] (#cite_note-38) 公众也对现有物品不满意。例如，苏联女性非常不喜欢涉及俄罗斯民族 印花 (/wiki/Textile_printing) 的推广设计，以至于这种风格最终在西方比在苏联本身更受欢迎。 [39] (#cite_note-39) 中产阶级越来越理想化西方时尚，因为它是可见的，但不容易获得。 [40] (#cite_note-40) 美国制造的蓝色 牛仔裤 (/wiki/Jeans) 是一个特别受欢迎的项目。 [41] (#cite_note-41) 二手商店 (/wiki/Second-hand_shop) 是西方时尚的来源之一，因为来自西方的游客可以进口商品并出售以获得高额利润。零售连锁店 Beriozka (/wiki/Beriozka) 也出售一些西式服装，但只卖给少数可以用硬通货或外汇券支付的特权阶层。 在黑市 (/wiki/Black_market) 上也可以买到外汇券和西式服装。 [42] (#cite_note-42) 戈尔巴乔夫时代（1980年代） [ edit ] 在 改革 (/wiki/Perestroika) 下，各种时尚变得可以接受。1987年， 戈尔巴乔夫 (/wiki/Gorbachev) 允许制作和发行俄罗斯版 的《Burda Fashion (/wiki/Burda_Style) 》杂志。第二年， Zhurnal mod (/w/index.php?title=Zhurnal_mod&action=edit&redlink=1) 开始了新的运行，成为苏联第一本“正式”时尚杂志。 [43] (#cite_note-43) 在内容上，它与西方时尚杂志几乎没有区别，尽管ODMO提供了所有款式。 [44] (#cite_note-44) 1989年夏天，党的第十九次代表大会召开时，他们通过了增加消费品生产的决议。诉讼程序中特别提到了时髦的衣服。 [45] (#cite_note-45) 尽管在最高层的官僚机构中倡导时尚，但生产中的真正变化未能发生。轻工业部为新产品的创造设定了配额，但纺织厂却回收了旧的图案和产品。 [46] (#cite_note-46) 与此同时， 在公开 (/wiki/Glasnost) 主义下放松审查制度，使中产阶级更加了解他们的西方同行。他们觉得自己应该拥有时尚的衣服作为 身份的象征 (/wiki/Status_symbol) ，但仍然无法轻易获得。 [47] (#cite_note-47) 这个时代最聪明的代表之一是俄罗斯设计师 维亚切斯拉夫（斯拉瓦）扎伊采夫 (/wiki/Vyacheslav_Zaitsev) 。 在这个时代，时尚和文化领域的俄罗斯媒体诞生了，例如“Krestyanka”杂志等。 近代（1990年代-2010年代） [ edit ] 1991年 苏联解体 (/wiki/Collapse_of_the_USSR) 导致消费市场充斥着进口的美国和欧洲名牌服装，尤其是 蓝色牛仔裤 (/wiki/Blue_jeans) 。 [48] (#cite_note-48) 霓虹色，如 粉红色 (/wiki/Hot_pink) 、橙色、 绿松石 (/wiki/Turquoise_(color)) 色或电蓝色、 酸洗 (/wiki/Acid_wash) 牛仔布、 水钻 (/wiki/Rhinestone) 或 亮片 (/wiki/Sequin) 连衣裙、黑色 皮夹克 (/wiki/Leather_jacket) 以及具有三角形、 锯齿形 (/wiki/Zigzag) 、 菱形 (/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)) 和 闪电 (/wiki/Lightning_strike) 的几何印花服装在 1990 年代初期至中 (/wiki/1990s_in_Russian_fashion) 期 在叶利钦 (/wiki/Yeltsin) 的俄罗斯特别流行。 [49] (#cite_note-49) 在许多前 华沙条约 (/wiki/Warsaw_Pact) 国家的青少年中， 溜冰时尚 (/wiki/Skater_subculture) 特别受欢迎。 [50] (#cite_note-50) 2000 年代和 2010 年代的俄罗斯时尚普遍遵循西方趋势，修身的灰色或 海军蓝色 (/wiki/Navy_blue) 西装在职业男性中特别受欢迎。然而，与此同时，由于许多俄罗斯人重新发现了他们的民族自豪感，一些传统配饰，如 ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) 或 astrakhan帽子 (/wiki/Astrakhan_cap) ，作为对西方的强烈反对的一部分卷土重来。 [51] (#cite_note-51) 现代时尚离不开俄罗斯时尚媒体的支持：Fashion Collection、 FashionTV (/wiki/FashionTV) Russia、 InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) Russia、 Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Russia、Melon Rich、Moda.ru、 La Boheme Magazine (/wiki/La_Boheme_Magazine) 等。 史学 [ edit ] Djurdja Bartlett强调了苏联（包括捷克斯洛伐克、东德、波兰和南斯拉夫等卫星国）时尚生产和消费之间的差异，并认为通过苏联式的五年计划进行生产最初减缓了时尚的发展，将这些实例与资本主义西方进行比较。 [52] (#cite_note-52) 然而，她明确指出，这种情况在战后时期发生了变化，当时反文化运动开始崇拜“通过服装进行自我表达”。 [53] (#cite_note-53) 奥尔加·古罗娃（Olga Gurova）讨论了战后和赫鲁晓夫时期，公民如何不生产新衣服，而是重新使用战后时期的旧衣服和破旧的衣服，“当时渴望获得新时尚”。 [54] (#cite_note-54) 拉里萨·扎哈罗娃（Larissa Zakharova）也谈到了这一事实，并表示这种“DIY”服装的个人主义元素象征着西方时尚的影响。扎哈罗娃还认为，除了服装的个体生产外，时装业还作为受苏联政策和意识形态影响的国家机器的一个分支运作。这两种模式同时存在，展示了解冻时代的“各种矛盾”。 [55] (#cite_note-55) 在她的论文《迪奥在莫斯科》中，扎哈罗娃进一步谈到了赫鲁晓夫政府如何试图通过提供受西方 高级时装 屋启发的奢侈品来支持苏联的时尚文化，但同时以此为优先权，以确保对苏联时装公司的更严格控制。 [56] (#cite_note-56) 历史学家米拉·奥伊瓦（Mila Oiva）、安娜·伊万诺娃（Anna Ivanova）和埃琳娜·胡贝尔（Elena Huber）将女性置于不断变化的时尚潮流的最前沿。 [57] (#cite_note-57) 社会主义时尚如何从卑鄙的功能性（ funktsional'nost ）转变为对时尚物品的渴望，这与西方“高级时装”时装公司相吻合，这在很大程度上与苏联职业女性的重新想象有关，即穿着“得体而优雅”的女性。 参见 [ edit ] 解构（时尚） (/wiki/Deconstruction_(fashion)) 乌尚卡 (/wiki/Ushanka) 阿斯特拉罕帽 (/wiki/Astrakhan_cap) 列宁帽 (/wiki/Lenin_hat) 斯蒂利亚吉 (/wiki/Stilyagi) 1950年代的俄罗斯时尚 (/wiki/1950s_in_Russian_fashion) 1960年代的俄罗斯时尚 (/wiki/1960s_in_Russian_fashion) 1970年代的俄罗斯时尚 (/wiki/1970s_in_Russian_fashion) 1990年代的俄罗斯时尚 (/wiki/1990s_in_Russian_fashion) 2010年代的俄罗斯时尚 (/wiki/2010s_in_Russian_fashion) 参考资料 [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Djurdja Bartlett, FashionEast: The Spectre That Haunted Socialism (Cambridge: MIT Press (/wiki/MIT_Press) , 2010), 28. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bartlett, FashionEast , 13. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Lynne Attwood, Creating the New Soviet Woman (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), 67. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 68. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bartlett, FashionEast , 24. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bartlett, FashionEast , 15. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Bartlett, FashionEast , 22. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bartlett, FashionEast , 26. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 164. ^ (#cite_ref-10) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 133. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Bartlett, FashionEast , 72. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Bartlett, FashionEast , 64-65. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 132. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 132. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Bartlett, FashionEast , 82. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Attwood, New Soviet Woman , 135. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bartlett, FashionEast , 244. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Bartlett, FashionEast , 141. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bartlett, FashionEast , 174. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Olga Vainshtein, "Female Fashion, Soviet Style: Bodies of Ideology" in Russia—Women—Culture , ed. Helena Goscilo and Beth Holmgren (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996), 70. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Bartlett, FashionEast , 248. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Bartlett, FashionEast , 139. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Bartlett, FashionEast , 139. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Tsipursky, "Fighting Western Fashion", 19. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Gronow, Jukka; Zhuravlev, Sergey (2015), "The Early Years of the Moscow, All-Union Fashion House", Fashion Meets Socialism , Fashion industry in the Soviet Union after the Second World War, vol. 20, Finnish Literature Society, pp. 78–91, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9789522226655 , JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) j.ctvggx2cr.7 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvggx2cr.7) ^ (#cite_ref-26) Zhuravlev, Gronow. Fashion Meets Socialism: Fashion Industry in the Soviet Union after the Second World War . pp. Fashion Meets Socialism: Fashion Industry in the Soviet Union after the Second World War. ^ (#cite_ref-27) Tsipursky (2018). Fighting Western Fashion . p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Crane, Diana (2000). Fashion and Its Social Agendas [ 10.7208/chicago/9780226924830.001.0001 ]. University of Chicago Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780226117997 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Stecker, Pamela (1996), "The nature of Clothing and Fashion", The Fashion Design Manual , Macmillan Education UK, pp. 35–40, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/978-1-349-15162-2_3 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-15162-2_3) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781349151646 ^ (#cite_ref-30) Zakharova, Larissa (2010). Dior in Moscow: a Taste for Luxury in Soviet Fashion under Khrushchev . Northwestern University Press. p. 97. ^ (#cite_ref-31) Cubbin, Tom (2016). "Dekorativnoe Iskusstvo SSSR (Decorative Arts in the USSR) (1957–93)". The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Design : 351–352. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5040/9781472596178-bed-d031 (https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781472596178-bed-d031) . 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Jeans in der DDR: vom tieferen Sinn einer Freizeithose (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-86153-335-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "1990s Russian fashion" (http://rbth.com/arts/2014/04/08/getting_it_right_and_getting_it_wrong_the_heady_style_of_the_heady_1990s_35759.html) . 8 April 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071139/https://www.rbth.com/arts/2014/04/08/getting_it_right_and_getting_it_wrong_the_heady_style_of_the_heady_1990s_35759.html) from the original on 28 August 2018 . Retrieved 8 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Raspopina, Sasha. "Soviet skaters" (http://calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7882/skateboarding-ussr-soviet-skating) . The Calvert Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170809041408/http://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7882/skateboarding-ussr-soviet-skating) from the original on 9 August 2017 . 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"Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture in the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985" (http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/id=5185&view=pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-55) Binder. "Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture in the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1985" (http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/id=5185&view=pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) Zakharova, Larissa (2010), "Dior in Moscow", Pleasures in Socialism , Northwestern University Press, pp. 95–119, doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/j.ctv43vtgm.7 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv43vtgm.7) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810164741 ^ (#cite_ref-57) Binder. "Fashion, Consumption and Everyday Culture…" (http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/tagungsberichte/id=5185&view=pdf) . 外部链接 [ edit ] “ 同志，那套西装太香奈儿了 (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/09/comrade-that-suit-is-so-chanel/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0) ” - 苏联时尚 - 纽约时报杂志，2010年12月9日，2014年1月17日检索 “ 苏联时尚的秘密历史 (https://web.archive.org/web/20101104154156/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG8081423/The-secret-history-of-Soviet-fashion.html) ” - 电讯报，2010年10月31日，2014年1月17日检索 v t e Russia (/wiki/Russia) articles History (/wiki/History_of_Russia) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history) Proto-Indo-Europeans (/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans) Scythians (/wiki/Scythians) Sarmatians (/wiki/Sarmatians) Early Slavs (/wiki/Early_Slavs) East Slavs (/wiki/East_Slavs) Kievan Rus' (/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27) Mongol invasion (/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27) Feudal Rus' Novgorod (/wiki/Novgorod_Republic) Vladimir (/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal) Moscow (/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow) Expansion (1500-1800) 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French clothing retailer in Europe Pimkie Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1971 ; 53 years ago ( 1971 ) Headquarters Villeneuve-d'Ascq (/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq) , France (/wiki/France) Area served France, Germany, Spain Key people Sandrine Njezic Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) Website pimkie.com (http://www.pimkie.com/) Pimkie store in Leipzig (/wiki/Leipzig) , Germany Pimkie is a French fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) label (/wiki/Fashion_label) and chain store for young women. Its headquarters is in Villeneuve-d'Ascq (/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq) , France. [1] (#cite_note-Reflex_Logistics_2013-1) [2] (#cite_note-Nedap_Retail_2018-2) They have offices in Germany and Spain. The first shop was opened in 1971 in Lille (/wiki/Lille) . [3] (#cite_note-3) After a long expansion period, Pimkie reached its peak presence in 2018 with 716 stores in 30 countries, but the company began to face difficulties in the late 2010s. [4] (#cite_note-Pimkie-4) In 2022, a majority share of the company was sold to Lee Cooper (/wiki/Lee_Cooper) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Pimkie has a large social media following, with 1.3m followers on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . [6] (#cite_note-6) History [ edit ] In 1971, French fashion entrepreneurs launched a new trend: pants (/wiki/Pants) for women. Thanks to some success, the range was expanded to offer women's ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) fashions for 15-25 year-olds. Pimkie, then known as Pimckie, opened its first store in Lille (/wiki/Lille) during this era. In 1983, Pimckie became Pimkie. At the end of the 1980s, Pimkie had established itself throughout France (/wiki/France) with around 100 stores. The brand grew internationally over 20 years. In 2015, the brand expanded its target market from 15-25 year-olds to 18-35 year-olds. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) By 2018, it had 716 stores in 30 countries, mainly in Europe (/wiki/Europe) , five purchasing-sourcing offices ( Morocco (/wiki/Morocco) , Tunisia (/wiki/Tunisia) , Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) , China (/wiki/China) , and Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) ), one main warehouse in Germany (/wiki/Germany) , and five distribution warehouses in Europe. [8] (#cite_note-8) The company began to face difficulties in late-2010 following a proposed agreement on an indefinite number of contract terminations in France. [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2017, Pimkie announced it would close some 50 stores in Germany (/wiki/Germany) and Austria (/wiki/Austria) , amid several executive departures. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) In August 2018, it made 208 people redundant in France and closed 37 stores. [10] (#cite_note-10) In December 2018, Béatrice Lafon was appointed as CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) . [11] (#cite_note-11) The bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) of Pimkie's Belgian (/wiki/Belgium) and Swiss (/wiki/Switzerland) subsidiaries was announced in 2021, amid management issues and the pandemic. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Reflex_Logistics_2013_1-0) "Pimkie centralizes its logistics flow management with Reflex WMS" (https://www.reflex-logistics.com/en/references/pimkie-centralizes-its-logistics-flow-management-reflex-wms) . Reflex Logistics . 2013-03-20 . Retrieved 2018-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nedap_Retail_2018_2-0) "Pimkie case study" (http://www.nedap-retail.com/resources/case-studies/pimkie-case-study/) . Nedap (/wiki/Nedap) Retail . 2018-03-07 . Retrieved 2018-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Our history - Pimkie" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130727130513/http://job.pimkie.co.uk/pages/18144-our-history) . job.pimkie.co.uk . Archived from the original (http://job.pimkie.co.uk/pages/18144-our-history) on 2013-07-27. ^ (#cite_ref-Pimkie_4-0) "Pimkie en figures" (http://job.pimkie.co.uk/pages/18148-pimkie-in-figures) . Pimkie . Retrieved 2018-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "L'enseigne Pimkie est reprise par Lee Cooper et Kindy" (https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2022/10/26/l-enseigne-pimkie-est-reprise-par-lee-cooper-et-kindy_6147425_3234.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). 2022-10-26 . Retrieved 2023-10-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Login • Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/pimkie/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 2022-05-16 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Cite uses generic title ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title) ) ^ Jump up to: a b WW, FashionNetwork com. "France's Pimkie set to close 50 stores across Austria, Germany" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/France-s-pimkie-set-to-close-50-stores-across-austria-germany,904581.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2022-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Notre implantation - Pimkie" (http://job.pimkie.com/bureaux) . job.pimkie.com (in French) . Retrieved 2018-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Jean-Marc Petit. "Villeneuve-d'Ascq Suppressions de postes et fermetures de magasins annoncées chez Pimkie le 8 janvier" (https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/285943/article/2017-12-23/suppressions-de-postes-et-fermetures-de-magasins-annoncees-chez-pimkie-le-8) . lavoixdunord.fr (in French) . Retrieved 23 December 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Villeneuve-d'Ascq Pimkie annonce 208 postes supprimés, le Nord fortement touché" (https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/293048/article/2018-01-08/pimkie-annonce-208-postes-supprimes-le-nord-fortement-touche) . lavoixdunord.fr (in French) . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Pimkie's CEO Béatrice Lafon setting up senior management team with international outlook" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Pimkie-s-ceo-beatrice-lafon-setting-up-senior-management-team-with-international-outlook,1080860.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2020-03-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "La chaîne de magasins Pimkie déclarée en faillite" (https://www.lesoir.be/363882/article/2021-03-31/la-chaine-de-magasins-pimkie-declaree-en-faillite) . lesoir.be (in French) . Retrieved 2021-03-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Faillite de Pimkie en Suisse – En pleurs, elles racontent comment « on les a détruites »" (https://www.20min.ch/fr/story/en-pleurs-elles-racontent-comment-on-les-a-detruites-282522740979) . 20min.ch (in French) . Retrieved 24 December 2021 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pimkie (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pimkie) . 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Socialites (/wiki/Socialite) from Canada (/wiki/Canada) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐w62h4 Cached time: 20240720123259 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.024 seconds Real time usage: 0.034 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 64/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 600/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 96/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.003/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 556199/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 29.055 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 100.00% 29.055 1 -total 77.31% 22.463 1 Template:Category_other 69.98% 20.333 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 6.85% 1.989 1 Template:Template_other 5.09% 1.480 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:59702434-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720123259 and revision id 949048969. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. C Canadian political hostesses (/wiki/Category:Canadian_political_hostesses) (1 P) Pages in category "Canadian socialites" The following 46 pages are in this category, out of 46 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Janet Gladys Aitken (/wiki/Janet_Gladys_Aitken) Martha Allan (/wiki/Martha_Allan) Barbara Amiel (/wiki/Barbara_Amiel) B Osla Benning (/wiki/Osla_Benning) Conrad Black (/wiki/Conrad_Black) Edith Sarah Louisa Boulton (/wiki/Edith_Sarah_Louisa_Boulton) Bronfman family (/wiki/Bronfman_family) Saidye Rosner Bronfman (/wiki/Saidye_Rosner_Bronfman) Patricia Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) C Cawthra family (/wiki/Cawthra_family) Mabel Cawthra (/wiki/Mabel_Cawthra) Marcia Anastasia Christoforides (/wiki/Marcia_Anastasia_Christoforides) D Jacqueline Desmarais (/wiki/Jacqueline_Desmarais) Dola Dunsmuir (/wiki/Dola_Dunsmuir) E Eaton family (Toronto) (/wiki/Eaton_family_(Toronto)) Flora Eaton (/wiki/Flora_Eaton) John Craig Eaton (/wiki/John_Craig_Eaton) Nancy Eaton (/wiki/Nancy_Eaton) Signy Stefansson Eaton (/wiki/Signy_Stefansson_Eaton) G Gigi Gorgeous (/wiki/Gigi_Gorgeous) K Dorothy J. Killam (/wiki/Dorothy_J._Killam) L Zoé Laurier (/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_Laurier) M Massey family (/wiki/Massey_family) Alice Massey (/wiki/Alice_Massey) Lilias Massey (/wiki/Lilias_Massey) Angélique des Méloizes (/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_des_M%C3%A9loizes) Norah Michener (/wiki/Norah_Michener) Louisa Goddard Molson (/wiki/Louisa_Goddard_Molson) P Autumn Phillips (/wiki/Autumn_Phillips) R Loretta Rogers (/wiki/Loretta_Rogers) Suzanne A. Rogers (/wiki/Suzanne_A._Rogers) J. K. L. Ross (/wiki/J._K._L._Ross) S Frances Ford Seymour (/wiki/Frances_Ford_Seymour) Athole Shearer (/wiki/Athole_Shearer) Jacqueline Shumiatcher (/wiki/Jacqueline_Shumiatcher) Karen Spencer, Countess Spencer (/wiki/Karen_Spencer,_Countess_Spencer) Frances Stephens (philanthropist) (/wiki/Frances_Stephens_(philanthropist)) Belinda Stronach (/wiki/Belinda_Stronach) Campbell Stuart (/wiki/Campbell_Stuart) T Annie Thompson (/wiki/Annie_Thompson) Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet (/wiki/Kenneth_Thomson,_2nd_Baron_Thomson_of_Fleet) Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet (/wiki/Roy_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Thomson_of_Fleet) Lillian Massey Treble (/wiki/Lillian_Massey_Treble) V Agnes Gertrude VanKoughnet (/wiki/Agnes_Gertrude_VanKoughnet) Helen Vari (/wiki/Helen_Vari) Y Claire Yale (/wiki/Claire_Yale) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Canadian_socialites&oldid=949048969 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Canadian_socialites&oldid=949048969) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Canadian people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_by_occupation) Socialites by nationality (/wiki/Category:Socialites_by_nationality) Hidden category: Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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American jewelry designer Philip Press Born Philip Press 1965 New York (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States Other names Press Occupation jewelry designer (/wiki/Jeweler) Known for modern designs and classic traditional, Website https://philippress.com/ (https://philippress.com/) Philip Press is an American jewelry designer (/wiki/Jewelry_designer) , Press creates Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) vintage-style platinum pieces, as well as modern designs and classic traditional collections, using diamonds and gemstones. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Early life [ edit ] Press was born in New York. (/wiki/New_York_City) Career [ edit ] In 1991 Press founded Philip Press, Inc. on Beverly Boulevard in West Hollywood (/wiki/West_Hollywood) , California, and later moved his studio and workshop to the Sunset Strip (/wiki/Sunset_Strip) in 1999. [2] (#cite_note-2) The jeweler and his designs have been featured on the Red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) at the Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) [3] (#cite_note-3) and in fashion and bridal media. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1998 he featured one of the world’s largest selections of platinum rings. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) His work is worn by Nicolette Sheridan (/wiki/Nicollette_Sheridan) , Tori Spelling (/wiki/Tori_Spelling) , Jennifer Hewitt (/wiki/Jennifer_Love_Hewitt) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Kym Johnson (/wiki/Kym_Herjavec) , Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) and Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Philanthropy [ edit ] Press has aided the Foundations of the Los Angeles Police Department (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department) and Los Angeles Fire Department (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fire_Department) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-lafd-9) Press began serving on the board of the Los Angeles Fire Department Foundation in 2011. [9] (#cite_note-lafd-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Black Beauties". Los Angeles Magazine : 36. March 2000. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Erin Weinger, “Treasures: Philip Press Master Jewelers Opens,” Los Angeles Times, 1-20-2008 http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/20/image/ig-list20/2 (http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/20/image/ig-list20/2) 8-23-2011 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Carrie Preston Dazzles in Philip Press Diamonds" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120316112923/http://www.styleseendaily.com/index.php?s=philip+press) . Style Seen Daily . June 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.styleseendaily.com/index.php?s=philip+press) on March 16, 2012 . Retrieved December 26, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) “Style News: Who Wore Temperley Better Pippa or Lindsay,” People 8-22-2011 http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/08/22/who-wore-temperley-better-pippa-or-lindsay/ (http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2011/08/22/who-wore-temperley-better-pippa-or-lindsay/) 8-23-2011 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Los Angeles Magazine . Emmis Communications. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "All That Glitters: Platinum Jewelry Designer Philip Press Gives Sparkle to Fashion | GALO Magazine" (http://www.galomagazine.com/artdesign/all-that-glitters-platinum-jewelry-designer-philip-press-gives-sparkle-to-fashion/2/) . www.galomagazine.com . Retrieved 2020-10-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Red Carpet Style Jewelry: On And Off The Carpet" (https://eatlovesavor.com/red-carpet-style-jewelry-on-and-off-the-carpet/) . EAT LOVE SAVOR . 8 June 2012 . Retrieved 2020-10-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) http://www.lapdonline.org/hollywood_news/news_view/36462 (http://www.lapdonline.org/hollywood_news/news_view/36462) , www.LAPDonline.org 8-23-2011 ^ Jump up to: a b http://supportlafd.org/about/board-of-directors/ (https://supportlafd.org/about/board-of-directors/) , www.supportLAFD.org 8-23-2011 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.philippress.com) This British biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American underwear company Parade Industry Fashion Founded 2019 Founder Cami Téllez and Jack DeFuria Parade is an American apparel company known for its underwear. It was founded in 2019 by Cami Téllez and Jack DeFuria and acquired in 2023 by Ariela & Associates. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Background [ edit ] The company was founded by Cami Téllez and Jack DeFuria in 2019 and backed by $3.5 million from venture capital investors. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) To found the company, Téllez dropped out of Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) , where she studied English and Art History for seven semesters. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Téllez, the daughter of Colombian (/wiki/Colombia) immigrants, advocated for racial representation and size diversity in marketing. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) While she was a student, she wrote a manifesto on Google Docs (/wiki/Google_Docs) that called for the "end of the Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Angels) , the end of the bombshell bra, the end of this idea of one-note sexiness". [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) The document went viral, and more than 70,000 people signed up for the underwear before the company had launched. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Early-stage investors include Shakira (/wiki/Shakira) , Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) , and Warby Parker (/wiki/Warby_Parker) co-founder Neil Blumenthal. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Business [ edit ] At launch, Parade sold three styles of underwear in seven colors. It launched underwear labeled with the days of the week, which sold out within a day. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) In its first year, Parade had 15 staff members, most of whom were young. One employee told Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) that the company didn't offer health insurance in its first six months because employees were on their parents' plans. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) According to The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , Parade "sold over 700,000 pairs of underwear and brought in $10 million in revenue" during the pandemic, when many clothing companies floundered. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Parade featured size-inclusive branding. It engaged with micro influencers by offering free underwear gifts in exchange for posts on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . Instead of working with large influencers (/wiki/Influencer_marketing) , the company sent free products to people with small but dedicated followings, some of whom did not consider themselves influencers. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) An early ambassador was New York City drag queen West Dakota (/wiki/West_Dakota) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) wrote that "posting an Instagram of yourself in a neon leopard panty with a lace-up butt crack or a mushroom-patterned high-rise brief became a rite of passage among certain oat-milk-drinking Brooklynites." [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) In fall of 2021, Parade opened a storefront in SoHo, Manhattan (/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) As of August 2022, the company started selling products in Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) [7] (#cite_note-7) and reached 10,000 ambassadors whom they call "Parade Friends." [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) In early December 2020, Parade released a collaboration with Juicy Couture (/wiki/Juicy_Couture) . In February 2023, the company announced underwire bras [8] (#cite_note-8) and in March 2023, 400 Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) stores started selling Parade underwear. [9] (#cite_note-9) In July 2023, Parade acquired by Ariela & Associates. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Connors, Madeleine (December 28, 2020). "How Parade Underwear Took Over Instagram" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/28/style/parade-underwear-instagram.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Gen Z Whisperer" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/a40558155/cami-tellez-parade-underwear-interview/) . ELLE . August 1, 2022 . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stoller, Kristin. "This College Dropout's $200 Million Company Is Changing How Gen Z Buys Underwear" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinstoller/2022/11/01/this-college-dropouts-200-million-company-is-changing-how-gen-z-buys-underwear/) . Forbes . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Smith, Morgan. "This 24-year-old dropped out of Columbia to build a $140 million underwear brand" (https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/08/how-parade-underwear-ceo-cami-tllez-built-a-140-million-business.html) . CNBC . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Colyar, Brock (March 9, 2023). "Do Those Free Panties Make You Feel Good About Yourself?" (https://www.thecut.com/article/parade-underwear-essay.html) . The Cut . Retrieved November 29, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Licea, Melkorka. "Cami Téllez's underwear startup Parade went bust, and employees blame her. Is it OK to write about it?" (https://www.businessinsider.com/parade-underwear-cami-tellez-sale-2023-11) . Business Insider . Retrieved November 29, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Urban Outfitters to Carry Parade Underwear" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/direct-to-consumer/urban-outfitters-to-carry-parade-underwear/) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sidell, Misty White (February 14, 2023). "EXCLUSIVE: Parade Expands Into Underwire Bras" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/intimates/parade-expands-into-underwire-bras-1235522212/) . WWD . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hanbury, Mary. "Parade — the inclusive underwear brand beloved by Gen Z and self-styled as 'the internet's favorite' — is coming to Target" (https://www.businessinsider.com/underwear-brand-parade-beloved-by-gen-z-launches-at-target-2023-3) . Business Insider . Retrieved March 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Parade Acquired by Intimates Company Ariela & Associates International" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/direct-to-consumer/parade-acquired-by-intimates-company-ariela-associates-international/) . The Business of Fashion . August 15, 2023 . Retrieved November 29, 2023 . 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American sports apparel company Athletic DNA Company type LLC (/wiki/Limited_Liability_Company) Industry Apparel (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 2007 Headquarters Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) , Washington (/wiki/Washington_(state)) , U.S. Area served Worldwide Products Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Website www (http://www.athleticdna.com/) .athleticdna (http://www.athleticdna.com/) .com (http://www.athleticdna.com/) Athletic DNA (ADNA) is an American sports apparel (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) company specifically designing for tennis players. Founded in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) in 2007, ADNA began by training young tennis athletes, which evolved into sponsoring Select Junior Tennis (/wiki/Junior_Tennis) players, and then expanded to manufacturing clothing for youth and adult tennis (/wiki/Tennis) players. ADNA has since spread to professional tennis, and currently sponsors players on the ATP Tour (/wiki/ATP_Tour) [1] (#cite_note-tennisenfuego-1) & WTA Tour (/wiki/WTA_Tour) . Origins [ edit ] Athletic DNA is run by former University of Illinois (/wiki/University_of_Illinois) tennis player Mike Calkins, New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) Davis Cup (/wiki/Davis_Cup) representative; former University of Idaho (/wiki/University_of_Idaho) tennis player Dan Willman (/wiki/Daniel_Willman) ; and Karl Wiersholm, father of nationally ranked junior tennis player Henrik Wiersholm. [2] (#cite_note-tennisrecruiting-2) The company began in Seattle when founders Calkins and Willman partnered to form an academy for junior tennis players. [1] (#cite_note-tennisenfuego-1) The academy was successful, producing four No. 1 players in five years. Wiersholm then approached Willman and Calkins about branding what they had done with their junior tennis players. Weirsholm noticed that in the general population of tennis players their work ethic (/wiki/Work_ethic) and character traits were changing while at his academy positive work ethics and character traits seemed to be essentially part of their DNA (/wiki/DNA) . This is what inspired the name Athletic DNA. [1] (#cite_note-tennisenfuego-1) With a noticeable lack of apparel targeted towards youth, ADNA began designing and manufacturing apparel for juniors and sponsoring the top young players in the sport. ADNA manufactures clothing for juniors and adults, [3] (#cite_note-ADNA-3) and introduced a new line of tennis apparel for women in January, 2012. [1] (#cite_note-tennisenfuego-1) [4] (#cite_note-tenniswarehouse-4) ADNA Select Athletes [ edit ] Since most people involved in the company have an extensive tennis background, either through coaching or playing, ADNA heavily invests in the development of their sponsored players. [5] (#cite_note-usta-5) [6] (#cite_note-ourstory-6) Junior tennis players in the top 500 of rankings qualify for sponsorship and clothing discounts through the company’s Select Program, [5] (#cite_note-usta-5) which is open to the public for application. The ADNA Select Program currently includes over 200 junior tennis players. [7] (#cite_note-selectjunior-7) Style [ edit ] Lleyton Hewitt (/wiki/Lleyton_Hewitt) ADNA produces its clothing specifically for high-performance athletes. Their colors initially heavily leaned towards red, black and white. [1] (#cite_note-tennisenfuego-1) However, in recent line releases, their tops, bottoms, Hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) and warm-ups (/wiki/Tracksuit) expanded to a variety of designs and colors, and feature the recognizable ADNA “ double helix (/wiki/Nucleic_acid_double_helix) ” logo. [8] (#cite_note-8) The clothing is typically less traditional, abandoning the “country club” look, [2] (#cite_note-tennisrecruiting-2) with bright colors and bold designs, and is geared toward comfort and performance as much as portraying attitude (/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)) . [1] (#cite_note-tennisenfuego-1) Sponsored Players and Coaches [ edit ] In addition to the over 500 juniors sponsored by ADNA, the company’s apparel is also seen on the ATP tour. [5] (#cite_note-usta-5) [7] (#cite_note-selectjunior-7) A list of current and former ATP tennis players and coaches who are, or have been, sponsored by ADNA include: Current & Affiliated Pros: Lleyton Hewitt (/wiki/Lleyton_Hewitt) , Brian Baker (/wiki/Brian_Baker_(tennis)) , Alex Bogomolov Jr. (/wiki/Alex_Bogomolov_Jr.) , James Duckworth (/wiki/James_Duckworth_(tennis)) , Lauren Embree (/wiki/Lauren_Embree) , Evan King, Daniel Kosakowski (/wiki/Daniel_Kosakowski) , Grace Min (/wiki/Grace_Min) , Dennis Nevolo, Rajeev Ram (/wiki/Rajeev_Ram) , Tennys Sandgren (/wiki/Tennys_Sandgren) , Samuel Groth (/wiki/Samuel_Groth) , Danielle Lao, Daniel Nguyen (/wiki/Daniel_Nguyen) , Jesse Witten (/wiki/Jesse_Witten) , Derek Huang Former Pros: Ryler DeHeart (/wiki/Ryler_DeHeart) , Amer Delić (/wiki/Amer_Deli%C4%87) , Peter Luczak (/wiki/Peter_Luczak) , Robert Kendrick (/wiki/Robert_Kendrick) , Alun Jones (/wiki/Alun_Jones_(tennis)) , Phillip Simmonds (/wiki/Phillip_Simmonds) Current Coaches: Nick Fustar, Tim Mayotte (/wiki/Tim_Mayotte) , Brad Stine (/wiki/Brad_Stine_(tennis_coach)) , Peter Smith, Brian Wilson (/wiki/Brian_Wilson_(tennis)) In 2013, ADNA sponsored the United States Tennis Association (/wiki/United_States_Tennis_Association) Collegiate Team for the first time. It included Jarmere Jenkins (/wiki/Jarmere_Jenkins) , Dennis Novikov (/wiki/Dennis_Novikov) , Nicole Gibbs (/wiki/Nicole_Gibbs) , & Lauren Embree among others. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Tennis En Fuego: Athletic DNA Coming Your Way, September 10, 2011 (https://archive.today/20130204082731/http://tennisenfuego.com/2011/09/10/athletic-dna-coming-your-way/) Retrieved Oct. 12, 2012 ^ Jump up to: a b TennisRecruiting.net: Athletic DNA Launches Clothing Line with Juniors in Mind (http://www.tennisrecruiting.net/article.asp?id=794) Retrieved Oct. 12, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-ADNA_3-0) ADNA Official Website (http://www.athleticdna.com/) ^ (#cite_ref-tenniswarehouse_4-0) Tennis Warehouse Ultimate Equipment Blog: When the clothes talk… (http://blog.tenniswarehouse.com/tennis-shoes-apparel/when-the-clothes-talk-athletic-dna-at-tw/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120911141512/http://blog.tenniswarehouse.com/tennis-shoes-apparel/when-the-clothes-talk-athletic-dna-at-tw/) 2012-09-11 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved Oct. 12, 2012 ^ Jump up to: a b c United States Tennis Association, College Spotlight: Evan Zeder, Athletic DNA (http://www.usta.com/Play-Tennis/College-Tennis/College_Spotlight_Evan_Zeder_Athletic_DNA/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120902191818/http://www.usta.com/Play-Tennis/College-Tennis/College_Spotlight_Evan_Zeder_Athletic_DNA/) September 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved Oct. 12, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-ourstory_6-0) "athleticdna.com, Our Story" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121029171301/http://www.athleticdna.com/Our-Story) . Archived from the original (http://www.athleticdna.com/Our-Story) on 2012-10-29 . Retrieved 2012-10-12 . ^ Jump up to: a b Athletic DNA Select Juniors (http://www.athleticdna.com/ADNA-Select-Juniors) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121029162920/http://www.athleticdna.com/ADNA-Select-Juniors) 2012-10-29 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved Oct. 12, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Athletic DNA Men's Tops Catalogue (http://www.athleticdna.com/Mens-Tops) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121029153021/http://www.athleticdna.com/Mens-Tops) 2012-10-29 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved Oct. 12, 2012 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Lewis, Collette. "An Interview with USTA's Collegiate Team National Coach Dustin Taylor" (http://www.tennisrecruiting.net/article.asp?id=1693) . Tennis Recruiting . Retrieved 23 September 2013 . 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Płock Diadem, Ducal Crown attributed to Konrad I of Masovia (/wiki/Konrad_I_of_Masovia) . Reliquary of St. Sigismund (/wiki/Sigismund_of_Burgundy) . The Płock Diadem ( Polish (/wiki/Polish_language) : Diadem płocki ) is a reliquary crown held in the city of Płock (/wiki/P%C5%82ock) , in central Poland (/wiki/Poland) . It was created in the beginning of the 13th century [1] (#cite_note-sw_zygmunt-1) probably in Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) and was brought to Poland in the Middle Ages (/wiki/Middle_Ages) . This filigree diadem is wrought of extremely pure gold (/wiki/Gold) and set with sapphires (/wiki/Sapphire) , rubies (/wiki/Ruby) , almandines (/wiki/Almandine) and pearls (/wiki/Pearl) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-diadem_plock-3) History [ edit ] The diadem was brought to Poland (/wiki/Poland) by one of the Hungarian princesses. Later assigned to Konrad I of Masovia (/wiki/Konrad_I_of_Masovia) , Duke of Masovia (/wiki/Duke_of_Masovia) it served as the personal crown of the Dukes of Masovia and was kept in the Płock Cathedral (/wiki/Masovian_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_Cathedral) . [1] (#cite_note-sw_zygmunt-1) In 1601 by order of King Sigismund III Vasa (/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa) the diadem was placed by a goldsmith Stanisław Zemelka on reliquary of St. Sigismund (/wiki/Sigismund_of_Burgundy) (patron saint of the King, also kept in the Masovian Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral (/wiki/Masovian_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_Cathedral) in Płock). This reliquary takes the form of a bust and it was established by King Casimir III the Great (/wiki/Casimir_III_the_Great) in the 14th century to comprise relics of that saint. [4] (#cite_note-4) The reliquary was made in Kraków between 1351–1356 and it depicts the King. [1] (#cite_note-sw_zygmunt-1) The reliquary was looted by the Germans during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , and later reclaimed. [3] (#cite_note-diadem_plock-3) See also [ edit ] Płock Cathedral (/wiki/Masovian_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_Cathedral) Polish Crown Jewels (/wiki/Polish_Crown_Jewels) Royal Casket (/wiki/Royal_Casket) Szczerbiec (/wiki/Szczerbiec) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Grzegorz Traczewski (May 2008). "Parafia Katedralna św. Zygmunta w Płocku" (http://sw-zygmunt.pl/nasz_krag_maj_2008.pdf) (PDF) . www.tp.com.pl (in Polish). Nasz krąg. p. 6 . Retrieved 2009-05-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Na Hermie znajduje się diadem piastowski z XIII w., ozdobiony szafirami, rubinami i perłami. "Płock: uroczystości Zygmuntowskie ku czci patrona miasta" (http://wyborcza.pl/1,91446,6564752,Plock__uroczystosci_Zygmuntowskie_ku_czci_patrona.html) . www.tp.com.pl (in Polish). KATOLICKA AGENCJA INFORMACYJNA. 2009-05-03 . Retrieved 2009-05-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b Kilka słów o św. Zygmuncie (https://web.archive.org/web/20070928071326/http://www.plock24.pl/fusion/articlecomments.php?article_id=32) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Najcenniejsza jest Herma św. Zygmunta ufundowana w 1370 roku przez króla Kazimierza Wielkiego. Blanka Stanuszkiewicz-Cegłowska. "Płockie skarby kapiące złotem i srebrem, wysadzane rubinami" (http://www.tp.com.pl/article7608.html) . www.tp.com.pl (in Polish) . Retrieved 2009-05-04 . [ permanent dead link ] External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Płock Diadem (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:P%C5%82ock_Diadem) . 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French fashion house Patou Industry Fashion Founded 1914 Founder Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) Headquarters Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France Owner LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Website https://www.patou.com/ (https://www.patou.com/) Patou , formerly known as Jean Patou or Jean Patou Paris, is a French fashion house. History [ edit ] The company was originally created by Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) in 1914 and was eponymously named. After his premature death in 1936, his sister Madeleine and her husband Raymond Barbas continued running the business. [ citation needed ] From 1919 the business designed and produced haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) , ready-to-wear and perfume (/wiki/Joy_(perfume)) . In 1987, the haute couture activity was stopped. The same year, the Jean Patou house launched an accessories line, the artistic direction of which was entrusted to Peggy Huynh Kinh. [1] (#cite_note-1) By 1996 the company had closed. [2] (#cite_note-2) Patou was acquired by Procter & Gamble (/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble) in 2001. In 2011 it was bought by Designer Parfums Ltd, a UK-based firm. [3] (#cite_note-3) In September 2018, the LVMH group announced a strategic partnership with Designer Parfums Ltd, assimilating majority shares in the Jean Patou portfolio. [4] (#cite_note-4) As soon as the partnership was announced, LVMH relaunched the brand's couture activity, renamed "Patou", and appointed Guillaume Henry as artistic director. The brand's flagship fragrance, JOY, known since the 1929 crisis as ‘the most expensive perfume in the world’, disappeared so that the name could be reassigned to a new Dior product. The brand's other fragrances were also discontinued. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Carole Bouquet". Vogue France (746). May 1994. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "JEAN PATOU COUTURE & CIE à PARIS (333455913), CA, bilan, KBIS - Infogreffe" (https://www.infogreffe.fr/entreprise-societe/333455913-jean-patou-couture-cie-750185B107850000.html?typeProduitOnglet=EXTRAIT&afficherretour=true) . www.infogreffe.fr . Retrieved 2020-01-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Amorim, Jose (21 August 2018). "CHRISTIAN DIOR LAUNCHES JOY BY DIOR. REWRITING PERFUMERY HISTORY IS NOT A GOOD THING" (https://luxuryactivist.com/fragrances/christian-dior-launches-joy-by-dior-rewriting-perfumery-history-is-not-a-good-thing/) . Luxury Activist . Retrieved 17 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "JEAN PATOU (PARIS 8) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur SOCIETE.COM - 831242359" (https://www.societe.com/societe/jean-patou-831242359.html) . www.societe.com . Retrieved 2020-01-08 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://patou.com) v t e LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Board of directors Albert Frère (/wiki/Albert_Fr%C3%A8re) Antoine Arnault (/wiki/Antoine_Arnault) Bernadette Chirac (/wiki/Bernadette_Chirac) Bernard Arnault (/wiki/Bernard_Arnault) Charles Powell (/wiki/Charles_Powell,_Baron_Powell_of_Bayswater) Charles de Croisset (/wiki/Charles_de_Croisset) Delphine Arnault (/wiki/Delphine_Arnault) Diego Della Valle (/wiki/Diego_Della_Valle) Felix Rohatyn (/wiki/Felix_Rohatyn) Gilles Hennessy Hubert Védrine (/wiki/Hubert_V%C3%A9drine) Yves-Thibault de Silguy (/wiki/Yves-Thibault_de_Silguy) Fashion and leather goods Berluti (/wiki/Berluti) Celine (/wiki/Celine_(brand)) Christian Dior (/wiki/Dior) Emilio Pucci (/wiki/Emilio_Pucci) Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) JW Anderson (/wiki/JW_Anderson) Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) Loewe (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) Off-White (/wiki/Off-White_(company)) Patou Phoebe Philo (/wiki/Phoebe_Philo) Rimowa (/wiki/Rimowa) Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) Perfumes and cosmetics Acqua di Parma (/wiki/Acqua_di_Parma) Benefit Cosmetics (/wiki/Benefit_Cosmetics) Cha Ling Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) by Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) Fresh Parfums Givenchy (/wiki/Parfums_Givenchy) Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) Kenzo Parfums (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) KVD Vegan Beauty Maison Francis Kurkdjian (/wiki/Francis_Kurkdjian) Make Up For Ever (/wiki/Make_Up_For_Ever) Marc Jacobs Beauty (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Officine Universelle Buly (/wiki/Officine_Universelle_Buly) Ole Henriksen (/wiki/Ole_Henriksen) Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) Perfumes Loewe (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) STELLA by Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) Selective retailing DFS (/wiki/DFS_Group) La Grande Epicerie (/wiki/Le_Bon_March%C3%A9) La Samaritaine (/wiki/La_Samaritaine) Le Bon Marché (/wiki/Le_Bon_March%C3%A9) Sephora (/wiki/Sephora) Starboard Cruise Services Watches and jewelry Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) Chaumet (/wiki/Chaumet) Daniel Roth (/wiki/Daniel_Roth_(watchmakers)) Fred (/wiki/Fred_Joaillier) Hublot (/wiki/Hublot) Repossi (/wiki/Repossi) TAG Heuer (/wiki/TAG_Heuer) Tiffany & Co. 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Royal Elastics Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 1996 ; 28 years ago ( 1996 ) Founders Rodney Adler Tull Price (/wiki/Tull_Price) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) K-Swiss (/wiki/K-Swiss) (2001–2009) Website www (http://www.royalelastics.com) .royalelastics (http://www.royalelastics.com) .com (http://www.royalelastics.com) Royal Elastics is a brand of athletic and leisure shoes that fastens with velcro and elasticated cord instead of laces. History [ edit ] The company was founded in 1996 by Australians Rodney Adler and Tull Price (/wiki/Tull_Price) . They realised there was no need for laces in sneakers, and produced shoes fastened using velcro (/wiki/Velcro) or elasticated cord. [1] (#cite_note-1) It was acquired by American footwear company, K-Swiss (/wiki/K-Swiss) in 2001 for an undisclosed amount in an effort to expand its share of the athletic and leisure shoe market. [2] (#cite_note-2) The founders relocated to K-Swiss headquarters at Westlake Village, California (/wiki/Westlake_Village,_California) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Tull Price left the company in 2002 and went on to form FEIT (/wiki/FEIT) in 2005. [4] (#cite_note-4) The brand has collaborated with various artists, such as Gwen Stefani for her L.A.M.B series in 2005. [5] (#cite_note-5) By 2008, the company had 10 stores in Asia and opened its first store in the United States. [6] (#cite_note-6) K-Swiss later sold Royal Elastics to a management led investment group in 2009, recording a gain of $1.4 million in the second quarter. [7] (#cite_note-7) Till 2016, Royal Elastics has owned nearly a hundred of physical and on-line stores in Japan, Asia pacific, Australia and North America territories. [8] (#cite_note-8) Royal Elastics also runs an online store that offers worldwide shipping. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "USA : Royal Elastics introduces 'King and Queen' ". Fibre2fashion. 1 February 2008. Royal Elastics started in 1996 with the radical idea that sneakers don't need laces. Instead, footwear fastens with elasticized shock cord or Velcro."It was inspired by kids who went skateboarding and ripped their laces out," Ludo says. "It's easy and fast to put on. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lenetz, Dana (19 November 2001). "K-Swiss nab Royal Elastic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121105045020/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-80591375.html) . Footwear News (/wiki/Footwear_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-80591375.html) on 5 November 2012 . Retrieved 2 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Ventura County Star, Calif., Business Briefs Column" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121105045028/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-80074188.html) . Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. 14 November 2001. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-80074188.html) on 5 November 2012 . Retrieved 3 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Buerger, Megan (28 March 2014). "Tull Price Makes the Perfect Leather Sneakers" (http://www.mensjournal.com/style/shoes/tull-price-makes-the-perfect-leather-sneakers-20140328#ixzz3c16Pxk55) . Men's Journal (/wiki/Men%27s_Journal) . Retrieved 14 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Stefani to launch footwear line" (https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30197060.html) . Irish Examiner (/wiki/Irish_Examiner) . 7 April 2005 . Retrieved 14 February 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "USA: Royal Elastics introduces 'King and Queen' ". Fibre2fashion. 1 February 2008. Royal Elastics, the innovative footwear brand, opens its first U.S. retail store, Royal on Main, at 2427 Main Street. The store showcases Royal Elastics' alternative sneakers and flats for men, women and children. ... Royal Elastics was founded in 1996 in Australia, and now has 10 retail stores in Asia. The success of the Asian stores inspired Royal Elastics to open in the United States. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "K-Swiss sells Royal Elastics division" (http://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/stories/2009/05/04/daily11.html) . Los Angeles Business . 4 May 2009 . Retrieved 3 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "オーストラリア発のスニーカーブランド「ROYAL ELASTICS」が日本再進出ShoesPostがシューズ業界のスニーカーニュースをご案内。" (http://www.posty.co.jp/sp/atcl/?id=1472449578-494164) . Posty . Retrieved 1 September 2016 . 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/International_Women_Polytechnic) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:International_Women_Polytechnic) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/International_Women_Polytechnic) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 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( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) International Women Polytechnic Established 1998 CEO Mr. Anil Nijhawan Academic staff 150+ Students 2000+ Location New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , India (/wiki/India) Campus Delhi, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad, Lucknow, Chandigarh [1] (#cite_note-1) Website http://www.iwpindiaonline.com (http://www.iwpindiaonline.com) International Women Polytechnic (Commonly known as IWP) is an ISO 9001:2008 certified education institute in India (/wiki/India) , offering diploma courses in Fashion Design (/wiki/Fashion_Design) , Interior Design (/wiki/Interior_Design) , NPTT, Stenography (/wiki/Stenography) , Cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) and some other streams. [2] (#cite_note-2) Campuses [ edit ] The institution operates seven campuses in India (/wiki/India) as of October 2015. These campuses are located in various regions, including West Delhi (Janakpuri), East Delhi (Gagan Vihar), South Delhi ( Lajpat Nagar (/wiki/Lajpat_Nagar) ), North Delhi (Derawal Nagar), Gurgaon (Sector 14), Lucknow (Vidhan Sabha Marg), Ghaziabad (Raj Nagar), and Chandigarh (/wiki/Chandigarh) (Sec-34A). These campuses offer a range of educational programs. [3] (#cite_note-3) Academics [ edit ] The Academy has the following departments: Fashion Design, Interior Design, NPTT, Stenography, Cosmetology, Multimedia, Fine Arts, Counseling and Image Consulting. IWP Diploma courses [ edit ] Interior Designing Honours in Interior Designing & Decoration Diploma Course in Stenography Certificate Course in Computer Science Diploma Course in Computer Science Honours Course In Computer Science Certificate Course In DTP Diploma Course in Multimedia Diploma in Fine Arts Diploma Course in Professional Counselling Diploma in Image Consulting [4] (#cite_note-4) Festivals [ edit ] The Melange is an annual event organized by the International Women Polytechnic. It is attended by 100+ buyers from across the globe. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] Fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) Interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) References [ edit ] [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "International Women Polytechnic Chandigarh" (http://www.iwpindiaonline.com/location/CHANDIGARH) . IWP Chandigarh . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "IWP" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011444/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGif_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=CAP/2012/07/18&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ad03109) . Archived from the original (http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGif_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=CAP/2012/07/18&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ad03109) on March 5, 2016 – via Times Of India. ^ (#cite_ref-3) IWP, West Delhi. "G+ listing" (https://plus.google.com/+Iwpindiaonline/about) . Google . Retrieved 20 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "International Women polytechnic courses" (http://www.iwpindiaonline.com) . IWP . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Melange the blend of art 2015 by IWP" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160308222904/http://www.buzzintown.com/delhi/events/melange-blend-art-2015-iwp/id--997348.html) . Buzzintown.com . September 11, 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.buzzintown.com/delhi/events/melange-blend-art-2015-iwp/id--997348.html) on 2016-03-08. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Warp and weft of women empowerment" (http://www.deccanherald.com/content/416889/warp-weft-women-empowerment.html) . July 1, 2014 . Retrieved 14 Oct 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "All popular news Channels" (http://www.iwpindiaonline.com/media.php) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "AdmissionNews" (http://www.admissionnews.com/admission_in_International-women-Polytechnic_12206.aspx) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) . Timescity http://timescity.com/delhi/events/melange-the-blend-of-art-2014/139676 (http://timescity.com/delhi/events/melange-the-blend-of-art-2014/139676) . Retrieved Jun 28, 2014 . {{ cite news (/wiki/Template:Cite_news) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Job Training Centres in Janakpuri, Delhi" (http://yellowpages.sulekha.com/delhi/international-women-polytechnic-janakpuri-delhi-4092648_contact-address) . Sulekha . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "IWP Celebrated 'Melange' - the Blend of Women Empowerment" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140716043557/http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=30109) . indiaeducationdiary . Archived from the original (http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=30109) on 16 July 2014 . Retrieved 13 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) biz15 http://www.biz15.co.in/listing/72019/International-Women-Polytechnic-College,-Preet-Vihar-Metro-Station,-New-Delhi.html (http://www.biz15.co.in/listing/72019/International-Women-Polytechnic-College,-Preet-Vihar-Metro-Station,-New-Delhi.html) . Retrieved 13 October 2015 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) External links [ edit ] IWP website (http://www.iwpindiaonline.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7ff7499668‐q86hn Cached time: 20240716100243 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.273 seconds Real time usage: 0.630 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1629/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 72643/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 13150/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 52358/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.169/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6094360/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 304.458 1 -total 48.60% 147.974 4 Template:Ambox 39.81% 121.207 1 Template:Reflist 36.13% 110.014 1 Template:Multiple_issues 29.96% 91.211 7 Template:Cite_web 22.70% 69.123 1 Template:Infobox_university 19.28% 58.693 1 Template:Infobox 17.33% 52.773 1 Template:More_citations_needed 4.72% 14.366 5 Template:Cite_news 4.11% 12.510 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48205165-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716100243 and revision id 1222313035. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐cc8b66f75‐5rf79 Cached time: 20240704165401 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42694162-0!canonical and timestamp 20240704165401 and revision id 607552685. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. C Nigerian cosmetics businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_cosmetics_businesspeople) (9 P) E Nigerian fashion entrepreneurs (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_fashion_entrepreneurs) (7 P) Pages in category "Nigerian fashion businesspeople" The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Ronke Ademiluyi (/wiki/Ronke_Ademiluyi) Aderonke Adeola (/wiki/Aderonke_Adeola) Mercy Aigbe (/wiki/Mercy_Aigbe) Campbell Ajiye (/wiki/Campbell_Ajiye) Omoyemi Akerele (/wiki/Omoyemi_Akerele) Omowunmi Akinnifesi (/wiki/Omowunmi_Akinnifesi) Folorunso Alakija (/wiki/Folorunso_Alakija) Adeola Ariyo (/wiki/Adeola_Ariyo) B Tolu Bally (/wiki/Tolu_Bally) Opral Benson (/wiki/Opral_Benson) C Folake Coker (/wiki/Folake_Coker) D Agbani Darego (/wiki/Agbani_Darego) E Fifi Ejindu (/wiki/Fifi_Ejindu) Diana Eneje (/wiki/Diana_Eneje) F Lisa Folawiyo (/wiki/Lisa_Folawiyo) Reni Folawiyo (/wiki/Reni_Folawiyo) I Dumebi Iyamah (/wiki/Dumebi_Iyamah) J Veekee James (/wiki/Veekee_James) M Lola Maja (/wiki/Lola_Maja) Toke Makinwa (/wiki/Toke_Makinwa) Muma Gee (/wiki/Muma_Gee) N Uti Nwachukwu (/wiki/Uti_Nwachukwu) O Swanky Jerry (/wiki/Swanky_Jerry) Princess Oghene (/wiki/Princess_Oghene) Mowalola Ogunlesi (/wiki/Mowalola_Ogunlesi) Shade Okoya (/wiki/Shade_Okoya) Duro Olowu (/wiki/Duro_Olowu) Amaka Osakwe (/wiki/Amaka_Osakwe) S Sasha P (/wiki/Sasha_P) Binta Sukai (/wiki/Binta_Sukai) T Fatima Togbe (/wiki/Fatima_Togbe) Chioma Toplis (/wiki/Chioma_Toplis) U Ugonna Umerou (/wiki/Ugonna_Umerou) V Seyi Vodi (/wiki/Seyi_Vodi) W Bukky Wright (/wiki/Bukky_Wright) Z Iretidayo Zaccheaus (/wiki/Iretidayo_Zaccheaus) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Nigerian_fashion_businesspeople&oldid=607552685 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Nigerian_fashion_businesspeople&oldid=607552685) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Nigerian businesspeople by industry (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_businesspeople_by_industry) Businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion)
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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is The Society Management (/wiki/The_Society_Management) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐cgwhl Cached time: 20240715100042 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.032 seconds Real time usage: 0.045 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 28/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 471/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 29/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.016/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 647002/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 39.917 1 -total 100.00% 39.917 1 Template:Catmain 16.14% 6.442 1 Template:Remove_last_word Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62837495-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715100042 and revision id 951605750. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Pages in category "The Society Management models" The following 53 pages are in this category, out of 53 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Adesuwa Aighewi (/wiki/Adesuwa_Aighewi) Adut Akech (/wiki/Adut_Akech) Bhumika Arora (/wiki/Bhumika_Arora) B Yoon Young Bae (/wiki/Yoon_Young_Bae) Molly Bair (/wiki/Molly_Bair) Julia Banaś (/wiki/Julia_Bana%C5%9B) Ruth and May Bell (/wiki/Ruth_and_May_Bell) Kate Bock (/wiki/Kate_Bock) Cindy Bruna (/wiki/Cindy_Bruna) C Vittoria Ceretti (/wiki/Vittoria_Ceretti) Aiden Curtiss (/wiki/Aiden_Curtiss) E Cora Emmanuel (/wiki/Cora_Emmanuel) Amilna Estêvão (/wiki/Amilna_Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o) F Faretta (/wiki/Faretta) G Grace Elizabeth (/wiki/Grace_Elizabeth) Luma Grothe (/wiki/Luma_Grothe) H Winnie Harlow (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Greta Hofer (model) (/wiki/Greta_Hofer_(model)) J Jacquelyn Jablonski (/wiki/Jacquelyn_Jablonski) Magdalena Jasek (/wiki/Magdalena_Jasek) Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) Milla Jovovich (/wiki/Milla_Jovovich) HoYeon Jung (/wiki/HoYeon_Jung) K Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Birgit Kos (/wiki/Birgit_Kos) Zinnia Kumar (/wiki/Zinnia_Kumar) Harleth Kuusik (/wiki/Harleth_Kuusik) L Staz Lindes (/wiki/Staz_Lindes) Liu Wen (model) (/wiki/Liu_Wen_(model)) M Elsa Majimbo (/wiki/Elsa_Majimbo) Yuka Mannami (/wiki/Yuka_Mannami) Nina Marker (/wiki/Nina_Marker) Kelsey Merritt (/wiki/Kelsey_Merritt) Enikő Mihalik (/wiki/Enik%C5%91_Mihalik) N Mayowa Nicholas (/wiki/Mayowa_Nicholas) Caroline Brasch Nielsen (/wiki/Caroline_Brasch_Nielsen) O Natalie Ogg (/wiki/Natalie_Ogg) Tao Okamoto (/wiki/Tao_Okamoto) P Africa Peñalver (/wiki/Africa_Pe%C3%B1alver) R Ansolet Rossouw (/wiki/Ansolet_Rossouw) Camille Rowe (/wiki/Camille_Rowe) S Jasmine Sanders (/wiki/Jasmine_Sanders) Mika Schneider (/wiki/Mika_Schneider) Josephine Skriver (/wiki/Josephine_Skriver) Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) Arlenis Sosa (/wiki/Arlenis_Sosa) Fran Summers (/wiki/Fran_Summers) T Phoebe Tonkin (/wiki/Phoebe_Tonkin) V Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) W Sara Grace Wallerstedt (/wiki/Sara_Grace_Wallerstedt) Yasmin Wijnaldum (/wiki/Yasmin_Wijnaldum) Tami Williams (/wiki/Tami_Williams) Lindsey Wixson (/wiki/Lindsey_Wixson) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:The_Society_Management_models&oldid=951605750 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:The_Society_Management_models&oldid=951605750) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Models by modeling agency (/wiki/Category:Models_by_modeling_agency)
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Book by Janice Dickinson No Lifeguard on Duty First edition cover Author Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) Original title No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel Language English Subject Supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) Genre Autobiography (/wiki/Autobiography) Published 2002 ( ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) ) Publication place United States Media type Print ( Hardcover (/wiki/Hardcover) ) Pages 320 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0060009465 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060009465) OCLC 50494100 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50494100) Dewey Decimal (/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification) 746.9/2/092 B LC Class 2002069701 Followed by Everything About Me Is Fake – And I'm Perfect (2004) No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel is an autobiography (/wiki/Autobiography) by fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) , photographer, author and talent agent (/wiki/Talent_agent) Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) . It was published in hardcover format in 2002 by ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) , an imprint of HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . The author's friend make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) Way Bandy (/wiki/Way_Bandy) advised her to begin putting her past experiences down on paper as a form of therapy from prior trauma in her life. After gaining sobriety (/wiki/Sobriety) , she started compiling her notes into book format. She contacted book publisher (/wiki/Book_publisher) Judith Regan (/wiki/Judith_Regan) who agreed to help her publish her book after hearing her tale on the phone, without first seeing a writing sample. In November 2014, Dickinson asserted in an interview with Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) that pressure from Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) and his lawyers resulted in the removal of an account of sexual assault (/wiki/Sexual_assault) and rape (/wiki/Rape) by Cosby when she visited him at a hotel in Lake Tahoe (/wiki/Lake_Tahoe) , California in 1982. After Cosby's attorney disputed this account, she reappeared on the program to proclaim she was telling the truth and explained she was speaking out publicly because of a need to be heard and to represent other women who stated they experienced a similar trauma. The book recounts Dickinson's early life where she states she experienced child abuse (/wiki/Child_abuse) from her father, and moves forward describing her experiences throughout her career as a model. Dickinson explains her struggle with substance dependence (/wiki/Substance_dependence) upon drugs and alcohol during her career. The author discusses her time as a representative for companies including Virginia Slims (/wiki/Virginia_Slims) , Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) , and Hush Puppies (/wiki/Hush_Puppies) ; and her success appearing on the covers of magazines including: Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Cosmo (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . While performing work as a model she takes the time to gain knowledge about the craft of photography and fashion. Dickinson describes how she originated the term " supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) ". No Lifeguard on Duty cautions about the tendency towards insecurity in celebrity culture. No Lifeguard on Duty received a favorable reception from multiple publications. Film rights (/wiki/Film_rights) to the book were purchased by Warner Bros. (/wiki/Warner_Bros.) in 2004. Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) praised the author's comedic style in the work. Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) wrote positively of the author's courage at describing difficult experiences from her past. The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) found the writing style of the book to have a good flow throughout. Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) wrote: "Dickinson comes across as a triumphant survivor." [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Dickinson's book had a positive impact on her career. Because of reading the book, Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) decided to bring Dickinson on board as a judge on her new program America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) in 2003. Dickinson served as a judge on the program for a total of four seasons before being replaced by Twiggy (/wiki/Twiggy) . Oxygen Network (/wiki/Oxygen_Network) subsequently hired her for its new program centered on the author's efforts to start her own company; the program launched in 2006 titled: The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (/wiki/The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency) . Writing process [ edit ] Janice Dickinson's friend make-up artist (/wiki/Make-up_artist) Way Bandy (/wiki/Way_Bandy) recommended she use the writing process to help heal from her past experiences. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She began to do so as part of her addiction recovery during a twelve-step program (/wiki/Twelve-step_program) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She put her notes down on legal pads and they became numerous over time. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) By the time Dickinson began to compile her writing into book format she had become established in her career and resided in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) with her two children. [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) She started formally putting her notes together into a book after successfully gaining sobriety (/wiki/Sobriety) . [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) She got in touch with book publisher (/wiki/Book_publisher) Judith Regan (/wiki/Judith_Regan) who agreed to help her publish the book after a brief phone call, without first receiving a draft of the work. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) In an interview with Los Angeles Magazine (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine) , Dickinson recalled the process of pitching her book to Regan: "I got a book deal without even turning in one shred of a writing sample. I was having an invincible moment. I told her how difficult it was for me growing up with an abusive father, how when I went to New York to become a model I was rejected for a year for being 'too ethnic.' Judith said, 'Okay, I'm in.'" [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) in 2014 The author explained to Los Angeles Magazine her reasoning for including in the book a graphic phrase used by Jack Nicholson (/wiki/Jack_Nicholson) after his lovemaking session with her: "The reason that line made the book is because he told me not to say anything. And I will never, ever respond to anybody—man, woman, vegetable, or mineral—who tells me to keep my mouth shut. Alter what I've been through, I don't think so, pal." [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Dickinson explained in an interview that she authored the work to communicate to others to publicly reveal their past negative experiences as a way to heal from trauma. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She stated: "I wrote this book to urge people not to keep secrets. I still suffer. The memories are still vivid. I made a lot of mistakes. I was shaped by my mistakes. But the past is done. The future's up to me." [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) Contents summary [ edit ] Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) describes her early life where she suffered child abuse (/wiki/Child_abuse) and physical abuse (/wiki/Physical_abuse) at the hands of her father. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) She writes that her three sisters and mother also experienced abuse from her father. [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) She recounts her ups and downs during her career while finding success in the fashion industry. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She emphasizes how bravery is important to success, and explains how she remained firm on her request for US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 20,000 for a modeling position when the market figure at the time was only $5,000. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Throughout the process she experiences emotional pain from relationships that lack depth, and learns for herself about the harms of substance dependence (/wiki/Substance_dependence) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Incidents related to her drug addiction problems include ingesting heroin (/wiki/Heroin) from Gia Carangi (/wiki/Gia_Carangi) prior to a photography session in Italy (/wiki/Italy) , and an experience in a state of alcohol intoxication (/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication) falling off a fashion runway (/wiki/Runway_(fashion)) for Valentino Garavani (/wiki/Valentino_Garavani) and landing upon Sophia Loren (/wiki/Sophia_Loren) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) The author discusses her time as a representative for companies including Virginia Slims (/wiki/Virginia_Slims) , Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) , and Hush Puppies (/wiki/Hush_Puppies) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She writes of her success appearing on the covers of magazines including: Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Cosmo (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) Professional photographers including Francesco Scavullo (/wiki/Francesco_Scavullo) , Norman Parkinson (/wiki/Norman_Parkinson) , Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) , Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) , Peter Beard (/wiki/Peter_Beard) , and Michael Reinhardt (/wiki/Michael_Reinhardt) work with her in photoshoots (/wiki/Photoshoot) . [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) While performing work as a model she takes the time to gain knowledge about the craft of photography and fashion. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) In the book she asserts that her experiences helped influence models who came after her including Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) and Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) . [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) She writes that she was the first to use the term " supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) " and refers to herself as such. [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) She recounts a particular exchange with her agent Monique Pillard who asked her: "Janice, you are working night and day. Who do you think you are, superman?" [5] (#cite_note-schoenberg-5) Dickinson responded: "No, honey. I'm supermodel." [5] (#cite_note-schoenberg-5) [6] (#cite_note-advocate2002-6) Dickinson remembers relationships with fellow celebrities including Sylvester Stallone (/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone) , Liam Neeson (/wiki/Liam_Neeson) , Warren Beatty (/wiki/Warren_Beatty) , Mick Jagger (/wiki/Mick_Jagger) , and Jack Nicholson (/wiki/Jack_Nicholson) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She enjoys her celebrity status and her time with friends John Belushi (/wiki/John_Belushi) , Truman Capote (/wiki/Truman_Capote) , and Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) . [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Belushi and Dickinson enable each other's predilections for abusing drugs. [7] (#cite_note-weiss-7) She regularly spends time at Studio 54 (/wiki/Studio_54) during this period. [4] (#cite_note-wallace-4) Dickinson recounts a darker side of celebrity, and writes that she trusted in Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) when he informed her he could help her career in show business (/wiki/Show_business) , only to experience verbal anger from him when she said she was too tired to engage in sexual activity with him. [7] (#cite_note-weiss-7) She was supported during her career by her friendship with actor Bruce Willis (/wiki/Bruce_Willis) and her positive connections with her sisters. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She reflects on the nature of her marriages and looks back on her prior self-indulgent lifestyle. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) She explains to the reader how personal achievement may result from the allure of success, and simultaneously cautions against harmful byproducts of behavioral insecurity inherent in the mystique of celebrity. [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) Publication history [ edit ] The book was published in hardcover format by HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) in 2002 under its imprint ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) in the United States. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Another edition was released the same year in the United Kingdom. [10] (#cite_note-10) The book was re-published in both formats in 2003, with a new cover. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) ReganBooks released a subsequent edition in 2004 with a third cover re-design. [13] (#cite_note-13) HarperCollins published eBook (/wiki/EBook) formats of the work in 2007 and 2008. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Three editions of the book were published under its third cover design in 2009. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) Warner Bros. (/wiki/Warner_Bros.) purchased the film rights (/wiki/Film_rights) to the book in 2004. [19] (#cite_note-mackenzie-19) Dickinson subsequently turned her works into a trilogy (/wiki/Trilogy) of three books. [20] (#cite_note-20) She followed up on No Lifeguard on Duty with Everything About Me Is Fake – And I'm Perfect in 2004, [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) and Check, Please! – Dating, Mating, and Extricating in 2006. [23] (#cite_note-23) Reception [ edit ] After reading No Lifeguard on Duty , Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) decided to make Janice Dickinson a judge on her television program America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) . [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) No Lifeguard on Duty received a favorable review from Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) . [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) The review concluded: "The book is sometimes predictable and psychologically simplistic, but Dickinson comes across as a triumphant survivor. Her willingness to recognize her own flaws makes it easy to relate to her positive message and should inspire readers searching for solutions to career and personal conflicts." [1] (#cite_note-publishersweekly-1) The review praised the author's ability at being: "honest enough to acknowledge the stimulating aspects of success and glamour, explaining why they lure insecure personalities and imprison them past the point of no return." [25] (#cite_note-contemporaryauthors-25) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) reviewed the book and wrote: "What keeps the book from becoming too tawdry is Dickinson's sense of humor. She applies a healthy dose to both her conquests and disaster's alike." [3] (#cite_note-kerwin-3) [25] (#cite_note-contemporaryauthors-25) In a 2002 article, Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) characterized the book as: "a brave, profane memoir of her escape from childhood abuse into the even more risky whirl of bright lights, big cities and spiraling self-destruction." [2] (#cite_note-fitchtner-2) A subsequent article in 2003 by Knight Ridder Newspapers wrote: "what makes Dickinson's tome stand out from all the other Hollywood memoirs is that she has a cheeky sense of humor about her self-absorption." [26] (#cite_note-perry-26) Philip Weiss (/wiki/Philip_Weiss) of The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) wrote: "I read No Lifeguard on Duty at once and wasn't disappointed. Janice Dickinson is a funny and fluid narrator." [7] (#cite_note-weiss-7) Of the author's path to success recounted in the book, the International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) wrote: "Janice Dickinson had a cometlike trajectory as an early supermodel in the 1980s, which she has recounted in her raunchy life story". [27] (#cite_note-fitchett-27) Impact [ edit ] While reading Dickinson's book, English (/wiki/English_people) novelist (/wiki/Novelist) Jackie Collins (/wiki/Jackie_Collins) ran into the author at a bookstore and asked the fellow author to lunch to discuss their mutual experiences. [28] (#cite_note-kresse-28) Janice Dickinson landed a television role as a judge on the program America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) due to No Lifeguard on Duty . [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) Show creator Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) explained to The Boston Herald (/wiki/The_Boston_Herald) her decision process: "The reason why I hired Janice Dickinson is because I read her book ( No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel ), and that book represented every single thing that I have never done. Every single thing that I have never experienced." [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) Banks elaborated that she wanted a judge on the program that had gone through issues in her modeling career that she herself had not: "I sit all the time and talk to girls and say, 'Don't drink. Don't smoke. Don't go out. Don't do this. I never did it.' But there's only so much you can preach to someone if you've never done it. I thought I could have someone like Janice because she's so outrageous." [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) Banks stated that she thought Dickinson provided a warning to models not to follow the path she had taken because it had proved dangerous:" When she's telling a girl, 'Don't do this,' she's saying, 'Don't do this because it didn't work for me.' I thought it was a good balance." [24] (#cite_note-amatangelo-24) After serving as a judge on the program for four seasons, Dickinson's spot was filled with Twiggy Lawson (/wiki/Twiggy_Lawson) in 2005 for the show's fifth season. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) In December of the same year, Oxygen Network (/wiki/Oxygen_Network) hired Dickinson for its new reality modeling television program which at the time was initially titled The Janice Dickinson Project . [31] (#cite_note-aponline2005-31) It centered on her efforts to launch her own business with a modeling agency. [31] (#cite_note-aponline2005-31) Her television show launched in 2006, titled: The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (/wiki/The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency) . [32] (#cite_note-32) In a November 18, 2014 interview with Dickinson on Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) , she stated the initial version of No Lifeguard on Duty was different from what became the final published product. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [35] (#cite_note-mattsedensky-35) Dickinson said she wrote about a traumatic experience where she said Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) sexually assaulted (/wiki/Sexual_assault) her in 1982 at a hotel in Lake Tahoe (/wiki/Lake_Tahoe) , California. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [36] (#cite_note-emilychow-36) She stated that Cosby supplied her with red wine (/wiki/Red_wine) and then medicated her with drugs and subsequently raped (/wiki/Rape) her at the hotel. [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [35] (#cite_note-mattsedensky-35) [37] (#cite_note-bueno2014-37) According to Dickinson, both Cosby himself and his attorneys persuaded the author and her publisher HarperCollins to delete mention of the incident from her book prior to publication. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) A few hours after the interview was publicized on Entertainment Tonight , Netflix (/wiki/Netflix) made the decision to postpone its Cosby comedy film special Bill Cosby 77 (/wiki/Bill_Cosby_77) from its lineup. [33] (#cite_note-davidbauder-33) [38] (#cite_note-elber2014-38) Martin Singer, an attorney representing Cosby, made a statement in which he asserted Dickinson was not being truthful in her account. [34] (#cite_note-billcarter-34) [35] (#cite_note-mattsedensky-35) After Singer's statement, Dickinson reappeared on a subsequent broadcast of Entertainment Tonight to reassert her account from her prior interview on the program. [39] (#cite_note-kevinfrazier-39) In addition, she publicized photographs she took with a Polaroid camera (/wiki/Polaroid_camera) of Cosby wearing a checkered bathrobe in order to support her assertions. [40] (#cite_note-roig-40) In the interview with Kevin Frazier (/wiki/Kevin_Frazier) she stated her account was the truth: "It is not a lie. It is my right as a woman. I have to speak up and you have to be able to go in and just be brave and do it for all the women that can't come forward." [39] (#cite_note-kevinfrazier-39) She explained her motivation for going public and her desire for her voice to be heard: "The loss of innocence that I suffered and that these women suffered is why I'm sitting here today. And I don't care about what Cosby or networks or anybody says, you will hear me." [39] (#cite_note-kevinfrazier-39) See also [ edit ] Books portal (/wiki/Portal:Books) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Cover model (/wiki/Cover_model) List of people from Florida (/wiki/List_of_people_from_Florida) List of people from Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brooklyn,_New_York) List of Vogue cover models (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_cover_models) List of women writers (/wiki/List_of_women_writers) Notes [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) 2002 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fitchtner 2002 ^ a b c d Kerwin 2002 ^ a b c d e f g Wallace 2002 ^ a b Schoenberg 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-advocate2002_6-0) The Advocate 2002 ^ a b c Weiss 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-8) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 49704555 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49704555) ^ (#cite_ref-9) LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2002-69701 (https://www.loc.gov/item/2002069701) ^ (#cite_ref-10) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 50494100 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50494100) ^ (#cite_ref-11) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 56140650 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56140650) ^ (#cite_ref-12) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 52695646 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52695646) ^ (#cite_ref-13) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 276636119 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/276636119) ^ (#cite_ref-14) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 191802672 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191802672) ^ (#cite_ref-15) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 229123593 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/229123593) ^ (#cite_ref-16) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 430496780 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/430496780) ^ (#cite_ref-17) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 815878788 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/815878788) ^ (#cite_ref-18) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 752954991 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/752954991) ^ (#cite_ref-mackenzie_19-0) MacKenzie 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) 2003 ^ (#cite_ref-21) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 54543708 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54543708) ^ (#cite_ref-22) Ferrara 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-23) OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 63185772 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63185772) ^ a b c d e Amatangelo 2004 ^ a b Contemporary Authors (/wiki/Contemporary_Authors) 2004 ^ (#cite_ref-perry_26-0) Perry 2003 ^ (#cite_ref-fitchett_27-0) Fitchett 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-kresse_28-0) Kresse 2002 ^ (#cite_ref-29) AP Worldstream 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-30) Chicago Sun-Times (/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times) 2005 ^ a b AP Online 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-32) Hammer 2006 ^ a b c d Bauder 2014 ^ a b c d Carter 2014 ^ a b c Sedensky 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-emilychow_36-0) Chow 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-bueno2014_37-0) Bueno 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-elber2014_38-0) Elber 2014 ^ a b c Frazier 2014 ^ (#cite_ref-roig_40-0) Roig-Franzia 2014 References [ edit ] "Rants and raves". The Advocate (/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)) . November 12, 2002. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0001-8996 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-8996) . Amatangelo, Amy (September 22, 2004). "Runway roulette; Tyra Banks dishes on new season of 'America's Next Top Model' ". The Boston Herald (/wiki/The_Boston_Herald) . "Ex-'Top Model' Judge Dickinson Gets Series". Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . December 28, 2005. AP Worldstream (May 27, 2005). "Janice Dickinson gone from next 'Top Model' ". Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Bauder, David; Lynn Elber (November 18, 2014). "Model-TV Host Dickinson Accuses Cosby of Assault". Honolulu Star-Advertiser (/wiki/Honolulu_Star-Advertiser) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Bueno, Antoinette (November 18, 2014). "Exclusive: Janice Dickinson Details Bill Cosby Sexual Assault Accusations: He Raped Me" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122034403/http://www.etonline.com/news/154076_janice_dickinson_details_alleged_bill_cosby_sexual_assault/) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Archived from the original (http://www.etonline.com/news/154076_janice_dickinson_details_alleged_bill_cosby_sexual_assault/) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 22, 2014 . "Janice sashays away from 'America's Next Top Model' ". Chicago Sun-Times (/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times) . May 28, 2005. Carter, Bill (November 20, 2014). "Comeback by Bill Cosby Unravels as Rape Claims Re-emerge" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/20/business/media/bill-cosby-fallout-rape-accusations.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . p. A1. Chow, Emily; Mitch Rubin; Caitlin Moore; Veronica Toney; Chloe Coleman; Anne Farrar (November 22, 2014). "Timeline: Bill Cosby" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/lifestyle/bill-cosby-timeline/) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . "Dickinson, Janice 1955–". Contemporary Authors (/wiki/Contemporary_Authors) . Gale (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . January 1, 2004. Elber, Lynn (November 20, 2014). "Netflix Postpones Launch of Cosby Comedy Special". Daily Herald (/wiki/Daily_Herald_(Arlington_Heights)) . Arlington Heights, Illinois. Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Ferrara, Miranda Herbert, ed. (2004). "Dickinson, Janice". The Writers Directory 2005 . St. James Press (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1558625143 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 58973776 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58973776) . Fitchett, Joseph (October 3, 2002). "The Global Class: Runway Vamp". International Herald Tribune (/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune) . Fitchtner, Margaria (August 31, 2002). "Supermodel Janice Dickinson tells all about her rise to fame". The Miami Herald (/wiki/The_Miami_Herald) . Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) . Roig-Franzia, Manuel; Scott Higham (/wiki/Scott_Higham) ; Paul Farhi; Mary Pat Flaherty (/wiki/Mary_Pat_Flaherty) (November 22, 2014). "Bill Cosby's legacy, recast: Accusers speak in detail about sexual-assault allegations" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/bill-cosbys-legacy-recast-accusers-speak-in-detail-about-sexual-assault-allegations/2014/11/22/d7074938-718e-11e4-8808-afaa1e3a33ef_story.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Retrieved November 23, 2014 . Frazier, Kevin (/wiki/Kevin_Frazier) ; Nancy O'Dell (/wiki/Nancy_O%27Dell) (November 19, 2014). "Exclusive: Janice Dickinson on Bill Cosby Accusation: 'It Is Not A Lie' (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122053730/http://www.etonline.com/news/154141_exclusive_janice_dickinson_on_bill_cosby_accusation_it_is_not_a_lie/) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122053730/http://www.etonline.com/news/154141_exclusive_janice_dickinson_on_bill_cosby_accusation_it_is_not_a_lie/) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Archived from the original (http://www.etonline.com/news/154141_exclusive_janice_dickinson_on_bill_cosby_accusation_it_is_not_a_lie/) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 22, 2014 . Hammer, A.J. (/wiki/A.J._Hammer) ; Brooke Anderson (/wiki/Brooke_Anderson) (hosts) (June 5, 2006). " 'The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency' Reality Show". CNN (/wiki/CNN) – via NewsBank (/wiki/NewsBank) . Kerwin, Jessica (August 23, 2002). "Girl gone wild". Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0043-7581 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0043-7581) . Kresse, Jim (September 14, 2002). "Author finds patriotism a bit 'promiscuous' ". The Spokesman-Review (/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review) . Spokane, Washington. Mackenzie, Drew (May 23, 2004). "Delish Dickinson rates Hollywood lovers". The Boston Herald (/wiki/The_Boston_Herald) . Perry, Douglas (July 23, 2003). "Move over, Simon Cowell ... here's Janice Dickinson". Fort Worth Star-Telegram (/wiki/Fort_Worth_Star-Telegram) . Knight Ridder Newspapers (/wiki/Knight_Ridder) . "Nonfiction Book Review: No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141121212208/http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-000946-5) . Publishers Weekly (/wiki/Publishers_Weekly) . August 2002. Archived from the original (http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-000946-5) on November 21, 2014 . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . Schoenberg, Nara (September 5, 2002). " '70s supermodel tells how she overcame addiction, abuse". Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) . Sedensky, Matt; David Bauder. "Florida woman latest to accuse Cosby of forced sex". Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Wallace, Amy (September 1, 2002). "Wild thing: supermodel Janice Dickinson bares it all". Los Angeles Magazine (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine) . Weiss, Philip (/wiki/Philip_Weiss) (September 9, 2002). "Interview With the Vamp – TheFrontPage". The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) . "Fashion scoops: Early-bird special...crossoverappeal...the show must go on – Three's a crowd". Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . September 16, 2003. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0043-7581 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0043-7581) . Further reading [ edit ] "Dickinson, Janice 1955–". Contemporary Authors (/wiki/Contemporary_Authors) . Gale (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . January 1, 2004. Dickinson, Janice (2002). No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel . New York City: ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-000946-5 . Dickinson, Janice (2004). Everything About Me Is Fake – And I'm Perfect . New York City: ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-055469-9 . Dickinson, Janice (2006). Check, Please! – Dating, Mating, and Extricating . New York City: ReganBooks (/wiki/ReganBooks) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-076391-6 . External links [ edit ] Janice Dickinson (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/janice_dickinson/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Janice Dickinson (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0225528/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Janice Dickinson's blog (https://web.archive.org/web/20140415223415/http://www.oxygen.com/janice/blogs/janice.aspx) (at oxygen.com) "No Lifeguard on Duty: The Accidental Life of the World's First Supermodel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141122022211/http://www.harpercollins.ca/books/No-Lifeguard-Duty-Janice-Dickinson/?isbn=9780060009472) . HarperCollinsCanada . HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) . 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.harpercollins.ca/books/No-Lifeguard-Duty-Janice-Dickinson/?isbn=9780060009472) on November 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 22, 2014 . v t e The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (/wiki/The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency) Episodes Season 1 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_1&action=edit&redlink=1) Season 2 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_2&action=edit&redlink=1) Season 3 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_3&action=edit&redlink=1) Season 4 (/w/index.php?title=The_Janice_Dickinson_Modeling_Agency_episodes_season_4&action=edit&redlink=1) Spin-offs Christmas with the Dickinsons Janice & Abbey (/wiki/Janice_%26_Abbey) v t e America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) Seasons (cycle) (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_episodes) 1 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_1) 2 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_2) 3 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_3) 4 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_4) 5 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_5) 6 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_6) 7 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_7) 8 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_8) 9 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_9) 10 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_10) 11 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_11) 12 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_12) 13 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_13) 14 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_14) 15 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_15) 16 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_16) 17: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_17) All-Stars 18: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_18) British Invasion 19: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_19) College Edition 20: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_20) Guys & Girls 21: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_21) Guys & Girls 22: (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_22) Guys & Girls 23 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_23) 24 (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_season_24) Contestants (/wiki/List_of_America%27s_Next_Top_Model_contestants) Winners Adrianne Curry (/wiki/Adrianne_Curry) Yoanna House (/wiki/Yoanna_House) Eva Pigford (/wiki/Eva_Marcille) Naima Mora (/wiki/Naima_Mora) Nicole Linkletter (/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter) Danielle Evans (/wiki/Dani_Evans) CariDee English (/wiki/CariDee_English) Jaslene Gonzalez (/wiki/Jaslene_Gonzalez) Saleisha Stowers (/wiki/Sal_Stowers) Whitney Thompson (/wiki/Whitney_Thompson) McKey Sullivan (/wiki/McKey_Sullivan) Teyona Anderson Nicole Fox (/wiki/Nicole_Fox) Krista White Ann Ward (/wiki/Ann_Ward) Brittani Kline (/wiki/Brittani_Kline) Lisa D'Amato (/wiki/Lisa_D%27Amato) Sophie Sumner (/wiki/Sophie_Sumner) Laura James (/wiki/Laura_James) Jourdan Miller (/wiki/Jourdan_Miller) Keith Carlos (/wiki/Keith_Carlos) Nyle DiMarco (/wiki/Nyle_DiMarco) India Gants (/wiki/India_Gants) Kyla Coleman Other alumni Elyse Sewell (/wiki/Elyse_Sewell) Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (/wiki/Mercedes_Scelba-Shorte) Yaya DaCosta (/wiki/Yaya_DaCosta) Toccara Jones (/wiki/Toccara_Jones) Bre Scullark (/wiki/Bre_Scullark) Kim Stolz (/wiki/Kim_Stolz) Cassandra Whitehead (/wiki/Cassandra_Jean) Jade Cole (/wiki/Jade_Cole) Eugena Washington (/wiki/Eugena_Washington) Anchal Joseph (/wiki/Anchal_Joseph) Renee DeWitt (/wiki/Renee_Alway) Heather Kuzmich (/wiki/Heather_Kuzmich) Fatima Siad (/wiki/Fatima_Siad) Lio Tipton (/wiki/Lio_Tipton) Marjorie Conrad (/wiki/Marjorie_Conrad) Isis King (/wiki/Isis_King) Allison Harvard (/wiki/Allison_Harvard) Natalie Pack (/wiki/Natalie_Pack) Laura Kirkpatrick (/wiki/Laura_Kirkpatrick) Jane Randall (/wiki/Jane_Randall) Eboni Davis (/wiki/Ebonee_Davis) AzMarie Livingston (/wiki/AzMarie_Livingston) Jasmia Robinson (/wiki/Jasmia_Robinson) Leila Goldkuhl (/wiki/Leila_Goldkuhl) Cory Wade Hindorff (/wiki/Cory_Wade_Hindorff) Chantelle Young (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) Khrystyana Kazakova (/wiki/Khrystyana_Kazakova) Related series Modelville (/wiki/Modelville) (2008) Stylista (/wiki/Stylista) (2008) True Beauty 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Venezuelan fashion Usama Ishtay Born ( 1988-06-18 ) June 18, 1988 (age 36) Guárico (/wiki/Gu%C3%A1rico) , Venezuela Occupation Fashion designer Website www (http://www.usamaishtay.com) .usamaishtay (http://www.usamaishtay.com) .com (http://www.usamaishtay.com) Usama Ishtay (born June 18, 1988, Guárico (/wiki/Gu%C3%A1rico) , Venezuela) is a Syrian-Venezuelan (/wiki/Syrian-Venezuelan) fashion designer based in Los Angeles, US. He is notable for working with actresses such as Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) , Lauren London (/wiki/Lauren_London) , and Chiquis Rivera (/wiki/Chiquis_Rivera) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Ishtay was born in Guárico (/wiki/Gu%C3%A1rico) , Venezuela, on June 18, 1988, to a Syrian (/wiki/Syrians) immigrant family. [2] (#cite_note-2) He was raised in Zulia (/wiki/Zulia) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) He graduated college with a bachelor's degree in petroleum engineering and a master's in geology in 2010 and 2012, respectively. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Career [ edit ] After his first trip to the United States, Ishtay three boutiques in Venezuela, which were later lost due to the country's political and economic crisis. Afterwards, he permanently moved to Los Angeles, US. [4] (#cite_note-4) Ishtay studied pattern making and sewing privately and also made a living driving Uber (/wiki/Uber) . [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2016, he did an internship at Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) . At the Autism Speaks (/wiki/Autism_Speaks) event, Ishtay designed a dress for American rapper, singer, and actress Eve (/wiki/Eve_(rapper)) . Following the event, Ishtay donated her dress to charity. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Ishtay has dressed various actresses, singers, and models, including Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) , [6] (#cite_note-6) Carrie Underwood (/wiki/Carrie_Underwood) , Anitta (/wiki/Anitta_(singer)) , Thalia (/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa) , Chiquis Rivera (/wiki/Chiquis_Rivera) , Jeannie Mai (/wiki/Jeannie_Mai) , Paulina Rubio (/wiki/Paulina_Rubio) , Lauren Jauregui (/wiki/Lauren_Jauregui) , Ariadna Gutiérrez (/wiki/Ariadna_Guti%C3%A9rrez) , [7] (#cite_note-7) and Nikita Dragun (/wiki/Nikita_Dragun) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Lauren London (/wiki/Lauren_London) chose a white, form-fitting design from Ishtay's collection for the 2019 Grammy Awards (/wiki/2019_Grammy_Awards) , while Gaby Espino (/wiki/Gaby_Espino) wore one of his dresses for the Billboard Latin Music Awards (/wiki/Billboard_Latin_Music_Awards) in 2020. [8] (#cite_note-8) Earlier in 2022, the designer dressed rapper Icy Bae ( Saweetie (/wiki/Saweetie) ) for the latest campaign for firm MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) , in which she starred alongside Cher (/wiki/Cher) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Also, in March 2022, he presented his collection at Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Diseñador Usama Ishtay quiere dejar su huella en Hollywood" (https://www.diariolasamericas.com/cultura/disenador-usama-ishtay-quiere-dejar-su-huella-hollywood-n4243185) . diariolasamericas.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) sayago, oscar (February 14, 2022). "Diseñador Usama Ishtay dice presente en las pasarelas" (https://venezuela.italiani.it/disenador-usama-ishtay-dice-presente-en-las-pasarelas/) . itVenezuela . ^ a b c d "Diseñador venezolano Usama Ishtay conquista la industria internacional de la moda" (https://www.noticierovenevision.net/noticias/entretenimiento/disenador-venezolano-usama-ishtay-conquista-la-industria-internacional-de-la-moda) . Noticiero Venevisión . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "ABOUT" (https://usamaishtay.com/pages/about-1) . Usama Ishtay . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Ishtay, Usama. "From Uber Driver to A-List Celebs, Emerging Venezuelan Designer is Disrupting the Fashion Industry" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/from-uber-driver-to-a-list-celebs-emerging-venezuelan-designer-is-disrupting-the-fashion-industry-301437307.html) . www.prnewswire.com . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lorenzo, Tom and (September 6, 2018). "Heidi Klum, Mel B, and Tyra Banks at "America's Got Talent" Season 13 Live Show Red Carpet" (https://tomandlorenzo.com/2018/09/heidi-klum-mel-b-and-tyra-banks-at-americas-got-talent-season-13-live-show-red-carpet-live-finals-1/) . Tom + Lorenzo . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Marquez, Lorenzo (April 16, 2021). "Latin American Music Awards 2021 Red Carpet Rundown" (https://tomandlorenzo.com/2021/04/latin-american-music-awards-2021-red-carpet-rundown/) . Tom + Lorenzo . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "All The Celebrities Who Wore Arab Designers At The BAFTA And Grammy Awards 2019" (https://en.vogue.me/fashion/all-the-celebrities-who-wore-arab-designers-at-the-bafta-and-grammy-awards-2019/) . Vogue Arabia . February 11, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Diseñador Venezolano Usama Ishtay conquista la industria internacional" (https://encantadacon.com.ve/disenador-venezolano-usama-ishtay-conquista-la-industria-internacional/) . February 17, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Usama Ishtay SS20 Collection At LA Fashion Week" (https://newyorkstyleguide.com/usama-ishtay-ss20-collection-at-la-fashion-week/) . November 5, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Reinhardt Kenneth: The Photographic Sense - USAMA ISHTAY F/W 2022" (https://reinhardtkenneth.co/usama-ishtay-fw-2022) . reinhardtkenneth.co . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "LA Fashion Week ft. Usama Ishtay" (https://creatively.life/projects/30f206a1-0435-4345-b677-1a05d46accc3/album/3c50323b-9a25-46a2-bc5a-e78abffeecfb) . creatively.life . Retrieved 2022-12-28 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.usamaishtay.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6cdc8549b5‐nw9jt Cached time: 20240702040039 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.419 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2000/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21913/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1188/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 45134/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.184/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6249009/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 356.731 1 -total 47.90% 170.878 1 Template:Infobox_person 34.26% 122.222 1 Template:Reflist 29.63% 105.704 12 Template:Cite_web 16.25% 57.973 1 Template:Short_description 11.48% 40.945 18 Template:Main_other 11.47% 40.901 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.87% 35.218 2 Template:Pagetype 9.04% 32.236 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.38% 26.338 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72597536-0!canonical and timestamp 20240702040039 and revision id 1232135184. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usama_Ishtay&oldid=1232135184 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usama_Ishtay&oldid=1232135184) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) 1988 births (/wiki/Category:1988_births) Venezuelan people of Syrian descent (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_people_of_Syrian_descent) Venezuelan emigrants to the United States (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_emigrants_to_the_United_States) Syrian emigrants to the United States (/wiki/Category:Syrian_emigrants_to_the_United_States) Venezuelan fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Venezuelan_fashion_designers) People from Guárico (/wiki/Category:People_from_Gu%C3%A1rico) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tom Ford (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tom_Ford) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5d8cb9d5d4‐jfb2z Cached time: 20240722004537 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.063 seconds Real time usage: 0.098 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 151/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2846/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 244/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.037/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180190/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 88.871 1 -total 60.19% 53.494 1 Template:Commons_category 57.63% 51.213 1 Template:Sister_project 55.60% 49.408 1 Template:Side_box 39.65% 35.234 1 Template:Cat_main 35.59% 31.631 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69428188-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722004537 and revision id 1121066210. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. F Films directed by Tom Ford (/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Tom_Ford) (2 P) Pages in category "Tom Ford" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) * Template:Tom Ford (/wiki/Template:Tom_Ford) B Richard Buckley (journalist) (/wiki/Richard_Buckley_(journalist)) C Cerro Pelon Ranch (/wiki/Cerro_Pelon_Ranch) D Domenico De Sole (/wiki/Domenico_De_Sole) S Tom Ford (song) (/wiki/Tom_Ford_(song)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Tom_Ford&oldid=1121066210 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Tom_Ford&oldid=1121066210) " Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Wikipedia categories named after American filmmakers (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_American_filmmakers) Wikipedia categories named after American businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_American_businesspeople)
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Piece of traditional Sámi clothing A goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) of a traditional Sámi (/wiki/Sami_people) woman's gákti. This gákti has a metal embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) collar with pewter (/wiki/Pewter) or silver (/wiki/Silver) thread and traditional Sámi silver buckles (/wiki/Buckle) . A pattern of a metal embroidered (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) collar for a traditional male Sámi gákti from Åsele, Västerbotten (/wiki/V%C3%A4sterbotten) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) . The metal thread most commonly used for the embroidery is Pewter (/wiki/Pewter) . Two Finns dressed up in fake gákti (/wiki/Gakti) outside of Rovaniemi (/wiki/Rovaniemi) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) . Though at first glance authentic to non-Saami people, the patterns on these gáktis are not traditional anywhere in Sapmi (/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi_(area)) . Gákti is the Northern Sámi word used by non-Sámi speakers to refer to many different types of traditional clothing (/wiki/Clothing) worn by the Sámi (/wiki/Sami_people) in northern areas of Norway (/wiki/Norway) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) and the Kola Peninsula (/wiki/Kola_Peninsula) in Russia (/wiki/Russia) . The gákti is worn both in ceremonial (/wiki/Ceremony) contexts and while working, particularly when herding reindeer (/wiki/Reindeer) [ citation needed ] . The traditional Sami outfit is characterized by a dominant color adorned with bands of contrasting colours, plaits (/wiki/Braid) , pewter (/wiki/Pewter) embroidery, tin (/wiki/Tin) art, and often a high collar (/wiki/Collar_(clothing)) . In the Norwegian language (/wiki/Norwegian_language) the garment is called a 'kofte', and in Swedish (/wiki/Swedish_language) it is called 'kolt'. Characteristics [ edit ] The colours, patterns and decorations of the costume can signify a person's marital status and geographical origin. There are different gákti for women and men; men's gáktis are shorter at the hem than women's. Traditionally the gákti was made from reindeer skin, but in modern times, wool, cotton or silk are more common. The gákti can be worn with a belt (pleated, quilted or with silver buttons), silver jewellery, traditional leather footwear and a silk scarf. Traditionally, if the buttons on the belt are square, it shows the wearer is married. If they are round, the person is unmarried. If a married couple divorce, and the ex-husband still continues to use the Sami costume made by his ex-wife, he states by this that he wants her back. [ citation needed ] In other Sámi languages [ edit ] "Gákti" is the Northern Sámi (/wiki/Northern_Sami_language) term for the clothing. The following terms in other Sami languages do not refer to the Northern Sami gákti, but their own clothing: South Sámi: (/wiki/Southern_Sami_language) gaeptie [1] (#cite_note-1) /gapta/gåptoe Ume Sámi: (/wiki/Ume_Sami_language) gápttie Pite Sámi: (/wiki/Pite_Sami_language) gáppte, gåppto Lule Sámi: (/wiki/Lule_Sami_language) gáppte/gábdde Inari Sámi: (/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language) mááccuh [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Skolt Sámi: (/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language) määccaǩ [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Kildin Sámi: (/wiki/Kildin_Sami_language) ма̄цэх/юххьп/юппа [3] (#cite_note-3) Ter Sámi: (/wiki/Ter_Sami_language) ма̄ца ( mā͕ᵈtsa͕ᵍ ) [4] (#cite_note-4) Fake gákti [ edit ] The Finnish tourist industry is notorious for displaying fake "sami culture" for tourists. [ editorializing ] Ethnically Finnish (/wiki/Finns) actors dress up in fake "gáktis" and perform fake "traditional rituals". This activity has been met with fierce protests [5] (#cite_note-5) from ethnic Sámi since it creates a false image of Sámi culture, diverts tourist industry money from ethnic Sámi to ethnic Finns (thereby exploiting (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exploitation) the Sámi presence in Lappland (/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)) without giving anything back to the Sámi) and is dishonest towards tourists. See also [ edit ] Four winds hat (/wiki/Four_winds_hat) Luhkka (/wiki/Luhkka) Beaska (/wiki/Beaska) External links [ edit ] Clickable map of information about the traditional clothing of various Sámi groups (https://samiskeveivisere.no/kart/) References [ edit ] Fra hverdagsplagg til kulturelt kjennetegn (http://ndla.no/nb/node/114083) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160808203331/http://ndla.no/nb/node/114083) 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Norwegian Digital Learning Arena (/wiki/Norwegian_Digital_Learning_Arena) / Norwegian News Agency (/wiki/Norwegian_News_Agency) (in Norwegian) ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Åarjelsaemien baakoesojjehtimmieh" (http://gtweb.uit.no/cgi-bin/smi/smi.cgi?text=gaeptie&pos=N&mode=full&action=paradigm&lang=sma&plang=sma) . gtweb.uit.no . Retrieved 2019-03-15 . ^ a b "Pikaopas saamelaiskulttuuriin" (http://sanosesaameksi.yle.fi/pikaopas-saamelaiskulttuuriin/) . Sano se saameksi (in Finnish) . Retrieved 2019-03-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Одежда российских саамов" (https://saami.su/o-saami/materialnaya-kultura/odezhda.html) . Saami.su (in Russian). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220811054319/https://saami.su/o-saami/materialnaya-kultura/odezhda.html) from the original on 2022-08-11 . Retrieved 2023-02-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Kotimaisten kielten keskus" (https://kaino.kotus.fi/algu/index.php?t=lekseemi&lekseemi_id=72227) . kaino.kotus.fi (in English, Finnish, German, and Northern Sami) . Retrieved 2023-12-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "SÁPMI: No Fake Samis, Stop the Misuse of Our Culture" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120217221046/http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?odas=3374&giella1=eng) . Galdu.org. 2008-10-31. Archived from the original (http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?odas=3374&giella1=eng) on 2012-02-17 . Retrieved 2012-10-13 . Media related to Sami clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sami_clothing) at Wikimedia Commons v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Manggeon (/wiki/Wangjin) South Bhutan Gho (/wiki/Gho) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Nepal (/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistani_clothing) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Perak (/wiki/Perak_(headdress)) Peshawari pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Southeast Burma (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Gaung baung (/wiki/Gaung_baung) Cambodia (/wiki/Khmer_clothing) Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Baju bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben 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(/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma) Pha nung (/wiki/Pha_nung) Raj pattern (/wiki/Raj_pattern) Sabai (/wiki/Sabai) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Tabengman (/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) Áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) Áo giao lĩnh (/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh) Áo tứ thân (/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n) Middle East Abaya (/wiki/Abaya) Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Assyria (/wiki/Assyrian_clothing) Bisht (/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) Chador (/wiki/Chador) Izaar (/wiki/Izaar) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Sheitel (/wiki/Sheitel) Tallit (/wiki/Tallit) Tallit katan (/wiki/Tallit_katan) Tefillin (/wiki/Tefillin) Tzitzit (/wiki/Tzitzit) Jilbāb (/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) Kurdish (/wiki/Kurdish_clothing) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Palestine (/wiki/Palestinian_costumes) Pandama (/wiki/Pandama) Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Hejazi (/wiki/Hejazi_turban) Europe Balkan Traditional Albanian clothing (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) Brez (/wiki/Brez_(clothing)) Çorape (/wiki/%C3%87orape) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Xhamadan (/wiki/Xhamadan) Xhubleta (/wiki/Xhubleta) Aromanian (/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1) Croatia (/wiki/Croatian_national_costume) Fustanella (/wiki/Fustanella) Greek (/wiki/Greek_dress) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Macedonia (/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume) Romania (/wiki/Romanian_dress) Serbia (/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing) Kosovo (/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo) British Isles Britain Country (/wiki/British_country_clothing) Court (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Windsor uniform (/wiki/Windsor_uniform) Ireland (/wiki/Irish_clothing) Scottish highlands (/wiki/Highland_dress) Aboyne (/wiki/Aboyne_dress) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Kilt (/wiki/Kilt) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Wales (/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume) Central Dirndl (/wiki/Dirndl) Lederhosen (/wiki/Lederhosen) Poland (/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland) Tracht (/wiki/Tracht) Eastern Armenia (/wiki/Armenian_dress) Azerbaijan (/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing) Kelaghayi (/wiki/Kelaghayi) Ukraine (/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing) Kobeniak (/wiki/Kobeniak) Kozhukh (/wiki/Kozhukh) Kozhushanka (/wiki/Kozhushanka) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Sharovary (/wiki/Sharovary) Vyshyvanka (/wiki/Vyshyvanka) Ukrainian wreath (/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath) Russia Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Kosovorotka (/wiki/Kosovorotka) Lapti (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Orenburg shawl (/wiki/Orenburg_shawl) Sarafan (/wiki/Sarafan) Western Netherlands Poffer (/wiki/Poffer) Kraplap (/wiki/Kraplap) Oorijzer (/wiki/Oorijzer) France Breton costume (/wiki/Breton_costume) Spain Traje de flamenca 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Slang term for a body shape particular to middle-aged men For the song "DadBod", see No Pressure (Logic album) (/wiki/No_Pressure_(Logic_album)) . Example of a "dad bod" " Dad bod " (shortened from " dad body ") is a slang (/wiki/Slang) term referring to a body shape (/wiki/Body_shape) found mostly in middle-aged men. The phrase has been adopted in American culture (/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States) to describe the physique of a man who was once athletic, but gained a noticeable amount of body fat around the waist as he aged, leading to him having a " beer belly (/wiki/Beer_belly) ". It is uncommon to use the phrase to describe someone who is generally unfit as the arms, legs, and chest of someone with a "dad bod" are usually still in good shape. History [ edit ] The 1994 Mystery Science Theater 3000 (/wiki/Mystery_Science_Theater_3000) episode covering Colossus and the Headhunters (/wiki/Colossus_and_the_Headhunters) used the similar phrase "that's an assortment of dad bodies". Clemson University (/wiki/Clemson_University) student Mackenzie Pearson was the first to publish the term in a 2015 article titled "Why Girls Love the Dad Bod" on the crowdsourced publication platform Odyssey (/wiki/Odyssey_(publication)) , [1] (#cite_note-1) but did not claim to have invented it and said that she had heard it in many different social circles. [2] (#cite_note-2) She routinely posted essays on her Odyssey account, and soon started making them humorous. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) After her essay went viral (/wiki/Viral_marketing) , it was picked up by mainstream news media including MSN (/wiki/MSN) , [5] (#cite_note-msn-5) New York Daily News (/wiki/New_York_Daily_News) , [6] (#cite_note-dailynews-6) The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) , [7] (#cite_note-7) and Slate . [8] (#cite_note-8) See also [ edit ] Bear (gay culture) (/wiki/Bear_(gay_culture)) Somatotype and constitutional psychology (/wiki/Somatotype_and_constitutional_psychology) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Pearson, Mackenzie (2015-03-30). "Why Girls Love The Dad Bod" (https://www.theodysseyonline.com/clemson/dad-bod/97484) . The Odyssey Online (/wiki/Odyssey_(publication)) . Retrieved 2021-08-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) McNeal, Stephanie (2015-05-03). "Meet The 19-Year-Old College Student Who Told The World About The "Dadbod" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemcneal/the-origin-of-the-dadbod) " (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemcneal/the-origin-of-the-dadbod) . BuzzFeedNews . Retrieved 2019-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Mackenzie Pearson" (https://theodysseyonline.com/author/mackenzie-pearson) . Theodysseyonline.com. 2014-10-15 . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pearson, Mackenzie (2015-03-30). "Why Girls Love The Dad Bod" (https://www.theodysseyonline.com/clemson/dad-bod/97484) . The Odyssey Online (/wiki/Odyssey_(publication)) . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-msn_5-0) "Beer bellies are in, biceps are out: introducing the 'Dad Bod' (https://www.msn.com/en-au/health/medical/beer-bellies-are-in-biceps-are-out-introducing-the-dad-bod/ar-BBjewl7) " (https://www.msn.com/en-au/health/medical/beer-bellies-are-in-biceps-are-out-introducing-the-dad-bod/ar-BBjewl7) . Msn.com. 2015-05-08 . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-dailynews_6-0) Engel, Meredith (2015-05-07). "Why women are lusting after dudes with 'dad bod' (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/women-lusting-dudes-dad-bod-article-1.2214449) " (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/women-lusting-dudes-dad-bod-article-1.2214449) . NY Daily News . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Holley, Peter (2015-05-11). "I have a dad bod. Here's why women love it" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/05/11/i-have-a-dad-bod-heres-why-women-love-it/) . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hess, Amanda (2015-04-30). "What is the Dad Bod? America's leading expert explains" (http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2015/04/30/what_is_the_dad_bod_america_s_leading_expert_explains.html) . Slate.com . Retrieved 2016-10-20 . 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Max Factor demonstrating his beauty micrometer device in 1935. The beauty micrometer , also known as the beauty calibrator , was a device designed in the early 1930s to help in the identification of the areas of a person's face which need to have their appearance reduced or enhanced by make-up (/wiki/Cosmetics) . [1] (#cite_note-MM-MM-1) [2] (#cite_note-NewYorker-2) The inventors include famed beautician Max Factor Sr. (/wiki/Max_Factor_Sr.) [3] (#cite_note-MM-PopSci-3) [4] (#cite_note-Guardian-4) [5] (#cite_note-Sherrow-5) A 2013 Wired (/wiki/Wired_(magazine)) article described the device as "a Clockwork Orange (/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(novel)) style device" that combines " phrenology (/wiki/Phrenology) , cosmetics and a withering pseudo-scientific analysis". [6] (#cite_note-Wired-6) A photograph of Factor, using the device on actress Marjorie Reynolds (/wiki/Marjorie_Reynolds) featured in a 1935 article in science magazine Modern Mechanix (/wiki/Mechanix_Illustrated) and, when republished by The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) in 2013, the caption described it as being "a contraption that looks like an instrument of torture". [1] (#cite_note-MM-MM-1) [4] (#cite_note-Guardian-4) Placed on and around the head and face, the beauty micrometer uses flexible metal strips which align with a person's facial features. The screws holding the strips in place allow for 325 adjustments, enabling the operator to make fine measurements with a precision of one thousandth of an inch (/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch) . [1] (#cite_note-MM-MM-1) [3] (#cite_note-MM-PopSci-3) The inventors stated that there are two key measurements that they looked for: the heights of the nose and forehead should be the same, and the eyes should be separated by the width of one eye. When an imperfection is identified, corrective make-up can be applied to enhance or subdue the feature. [1] (#cite_note-MM-MM-1) The company Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) claims that the device helped Max Factor, Sr. to better understand the female face. [7] (#cite_note-MF-7) The beauty micrometer was completed in 1932 and was primarily intended for use in the movie industry. [1] (#cite_note-MM-MM-1) [5] (#cite_note-Sherrow-5) When an actor's face is shown in a very large scale their "flaws" are magnified and can become "glaring distortions", according to the Modern Mechanix article. [1] (#cite_note-MM-MM-1) This device was intended to remedy the perceived problem, and the inventors also envisioned it being used in beauty shops (/wiki/Beauty_salon) . [3] (#cite_note-MM-PopSci-3) However, it did not become popular and did not gain widespread usage. [8] (#cite_note-Lela-8) Only one beauty micrometer is believed to exist. It is featured in a display at the Hollywood Entertainment Museum and came up for auction (/wiki/Auction) in 2009, falling significantly short of the $10,000–$20,000 estimate. [9] (#cite_note-Auc1-9) [10] (#cite_note-Auc2-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f " (https://web.archive.org/web/20120829054845/http://blog.modernmechanix.com/beauty-micrometer-analyzes-facial-flaws-for-makeup/) "Beauty Micrometer" Analyzes Facial Flaws for Makeup (Jan, 1935)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120829054845/http://blog.modernmechanix.com/beauty-micrometer-analyzes-facial-flaws-for-makeup/) , Modern Mechanix (Blog), archived from the original (http://blog.modernmechanix.com/beauty-micrometer-analyzes-facial-flaws-for-makeup/) on 2012-08-29 ^ (#cite_ref-NewYorker_2-0) Updike, John (September 1, 2008), "Makeup and Make-Believe" (http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2008/09/01/080901crbo_books_updike?currentPage=all) , New Yorker , retrieved November 3, 2013 ^ Jump up to: a b c "Machine Measures Beauty of Face (Feb, 1933)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121007013611/http://blog.modernmechanix.com/machine-measures-beauty-of-face/) , Modern Mechanix (Blog), archived from the original (http://blog.modernmechanix.com/machine-measures-beauty-of-face/) on 2012-10-07 ^ Jump up to: a b Andreasson, Karin (August 30, 2013), "Max Factor and his beauty-measuring mask, 1934 - a picture from the past" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/picture/2013/aug/30/max-factor-beauty-mask-1934-photography) , Guardian , retrieved November 2, 2013 ^ Jump up to: a b Sherrow, Victoria (March 30, 2001), For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming , Greenwood, p. 192 (https://archive.org/details/forappearancesak00sher/page/192) , ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1573562041 ^ (#cite_ref-Wired_6-0) Brownlee, John (April 24, 2007), "Max Factor's Beauty Capacitor" (https://www.wired.com/table_of_malcontents/2007/04/max_factors_bea/) , Wired , retrieved November 2, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-MF_7-0) "The Max Factor Story – The Father of Make-Up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131212032357/https://maxfactor.co.uk/heritage/the-max-factor-story) , Max Factor , archived from the original (https://maxfactor.co.uk/heritage/the-max-factor-story) on December 12, 2013 , retrieved November 3, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-Lela_8-0) London, Lela (September 6, 2012), "Throwback Thursday – The Beauty Micrometer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130715211752/http://www.lelalondon.com/2012/09/throwback-thursday-the-beauty-micrometer/) , Lela London , archived from the original (http://www.lelalondon.com/2012/09/throwback-thursday-the-beauty-micrometer/) on 2013-07-15 , retrieved November 2, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-Auc1_9-0) "Beauty Calibrator {Beauty Micrometer} by Max Factor" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030252/http://www.liveauctionworld.com/Beauty-Calibrator-Beauty-Micrometer-by-Max-Factor_i8750047) , Live Auction World , archived from the original (http://www.liveauctionworld.com/Beauty-Calibrator-Beauty-Micrometer-by-Max-Factor_i8750047) on 2016-03-04 , retrieved November 2, 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-Auc2_10-0) "215: The Max Factor Beauty Calibration Machine" (http://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/8841841) , Live Auctioneers , retrieved November 2, 2013 This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This article is about the Dominican-American fashion designer. For other people with the same name, see José Durán (/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Dur%C3%A1n_(disambiguation)) . José Durán (born Moca, Dominican Republic (/wiki/Moca,_Dominican_Republic) ) is a Dominican (/wiki/Dominican_people_(Dominican_Republic)) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in New York, New York (/wiki/New_York,_New_York) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) http://www.facticemagazine.com (http://www.facticemagazine.com) Interview Jose Duran Fashion Designer "Jose Duran : I am Jose Duran, fashion designer. I was born and raised in Moca, Dominican Republic. "At the age of 15 I moved to New York and started high school and college after. I studied international relations for 3 years in Florida and after I changed for fashion design and moved back to New York"." ^ (#cite_ref-2) http://www.notjustalabel.com/editorial/jose_duran (http://www.notjustalabel.com/editorial/jose_duran) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140416072109/http://www.notjustalabel.com/editorial/jose_duran) 2014-04-16 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) JOSÉ DURÁN Fashion designer José Durán is one of New York’s most distinctive young artists ^ (#cite_ref-3) Jose Duran - Vogue.it 16 Feb 2011 – Minimalist designs with an avant garde aesthetic. Photogallery. ^ (#cite_ref-4) José Durán - Dominicana Moda 2011 (http://dominicanamoda.com/jose-duran) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111215073159/http://dominicanamoda.com/jose-duran) 2011-12-15 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) "José Durán. Dominicano nacido en Moca que a temprana edad se muda a Nueva York." This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Duran_(designer)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐flhtl Cached time: 20240712171610 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.147 seconds Real time usage: 0.203 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 184/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4562/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 85/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7678/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2014607/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 187.758 1 -total 36.33% 68.219 1 Template:Fashion-designer-stub 35.25% 66.186 1 Template:Asbox 31.60% 59.332 1 Template:About 16.07% 30.166 1 Template:Authority_control 14.35% 26.936 1 Template:Reflist 4.96% 9.318 2 Template:Webarchive 1.04% 1.946 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35937300-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712171610 and revision id 1147784026. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Duran_(designer)&oldid=1147784026 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Duran_(designer)&oldid=1147784026) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Dominican Republic fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic_fashion_designers) Dominican Republic emigrants to the United States (/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic_emigrants_to_the_United_States) Fashion designer stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designer_stubs) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Example of a silver ring with architectonic influence, particularly the use of texture and the kinetic element at the top of the item. Architectonic jewellery is a subset of Constructivist (/wiki/Modernist) studio jewellery (/wiki/Art_jewelry) that makes use of architectural (/wiki/Architecture) forms and ideas in the much smaller-scale format of jewellery. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Some of the defining elements of architectonic jewellery are linearity, inclusion of geometric elements, undisguised structural elements, and use of varying depth to convey a sense of design in three dimensions rather than only two. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Certain architectonic pieces include moving parts, which enables "extending or reconfiguring" the pieces by the wearer. [2] (#cite_note-Jewelryof-2) Architectonic jewellery often incorporates materials more typically used in engineering such as stainless steel (/wiki/Stainless_steel) and niobium (/wiki/Niobium) , reinforcing the association with architecture. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Development [ edit ] The concept of architectonic jewellery began to emerge around the 1960s. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) At the time, the majority of jewellery was produced by luxury brand names such as Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) , Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) , and Tiffany (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) ; these pieces were intended to serve as status symbols (/wiki/Status_symbol) or investments rather than as artistic expressions. [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) They tended to use mostly traditional precious metals (/wiki/Precious_metal) and gemstones (/wiki/Gemstone) , and shied away from modern styling. [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) Individual artisan jewellers working from smaller studios began to move away from the traditional, formal styles produced by these luxury brands. Encouraged by clientele with self-made wealth, and less formal, more modern tastes, these jewellers began to deliberately break from the stylistic limitations of old. [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) Artisans began to create pieces based on organic textures or found objects. [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) In this environment of innovation, some jewellers took a renewed interest in abstraction and geometry. With strong reference to the Bauhaus (/wiki/Bauhaus) movement of the 1920s, these artisans created works that explored the relationship of function to form. [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) Many, though not all, of the jewellers working in this style had architectural interests or training. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) The Israeli jeweller Deganit Stern Schoken (/wiki/Deganit_Stern_Schocken) , for example, was trained as an architect. [2] (#cite_note-Jewelryof-2) Design elements [ edit ] Green jasper set in silver ring demonstrating visible structural elements. Architectonic jewellery is primarily concerned with exploring architectural principles such as scale and proportion (/wiki/Body_proportions) in relation to the human body. Classical proportions such as the golden ratio (/wiki/Golden_ratio) may be employed, because these proportions look aesthetically pleasing when scaled up or down to be appropriate for architecture as well as for jewellery. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199567-5) Architectonic pieces often include linear or geometric elements, which can be scaled up or down to explore or demonstrate proportion. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Form [ edit ] Visible structural elements such as settings and attachments are also an important part of the architectonic style. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) For example, in the silver ring with green jasper (/wiki/Jasper) pictured, the setting (/wiki/Stonesetting) holding the stone is attached to the main body of the ring in a way that visually emphasizes the attachment, rather than attempting to conceal it. This mimics certain architectural techniques where structural elements such as ceiling beams (/wiki/Ceiling) are left exposed. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Brooch by Margaret De Patta showing transparent element. Many architectonic pieces include flexible or moving elements, the better to reflect the physicality of the larger objects they are drawing inspiration from. Schocken described her pieces as "linear machines," further explaining that "movement plays an important part...[it] gives the brooch a life of its own even when not being worn...but when being held." [2] (#cite_note-Jewelryof-2) In 1989, Gralnick released a series of necklaces that incorporated spools, pulleys, and cranks, highlighting the physics and mechanics of movement. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199570-6) The architect Eva Eisler (/w/index.php?title=Eva_Eisler&action=edit&redlink=1) created a series of jewellery pieces in the 1990s which used only tension to hold the parts together. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Liv Blåvarp (/wiki/Liv_Bl%C3%A5varp) contrasted hard and soft elements by stringing sculpted wood on flexible threads, permitting movement despite the hard surface of the wood. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199570-6) Architectonic pieces may also use varied depths to create a sense of the object as three-dimensional. For example, pieces created by Margaret de Patta (/wiki/Margaret_De_Patta) , such as the brooch pictured, often include transparent elements that serve as "windows" to opaque structures lying beneath. [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Materials [ edit ] As a subset of modernist jewellery, architectonic jewellery frequently makes use of materials and textures not traditionally employed in crafting jewellery. Stainless steel and niobium are reminiscent of industrial design (/wiki/Industrial_design) . [1] (#cite_note-MSarch-1) Designer Lisa Gralnick (/wiki/Lisa_Gralnick) made use of black acrylic sheets to create pieces that suggested missiles or submarines. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199570-6) Other artists have incorporated rubber, wood, concrete, plastics, and various non-precious metals to simulate architectural forms. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199570-6) When more traditional materials such as gold or silver are used, they are often worked in ways that produce non-traditional textures. For example, English jeweler Gerda Flockinger (/w/index.php?title=Gerda_Flockinger&action=edit&redlink=1) would melt down the surfaces of her pieces to create unusual textures typically not seen in traditional jewellery. [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) A 1999 article in Modern Silver magazine described how Patricia Tormey (/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Tormey&action=edit&redlink=1) "slammed molten gold between layers of textured charcoal and dropped it into a tray of lentils." [4] (#cite_note-MSContemp-4) Michael Becker (/w/index.php?title=Michael_Becker&action=edit&redlink=1) was known to file or score the surfaces of his brooches to emphasize his architectural references. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199570-6) German-Irish jeweller Rudolf Heltzel (/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Heltzel&action=edit&redlink=1) extensively polished the surfaces of his jewellery as a visual reference to industrial engineering (/wiki/Industrial_engineering) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Overall, the objective is to produce innovative and abstract textures that reminded the viewer of industrial processes and architecture. See also [ edit ] Art jewelry (/wiki/Art_jewelry) Studio craft (/wiki/Studio_craft) Modernism (/wiki/Modernism) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Architectonic Jewelry" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170423081659/http://www.modernsilver.com/architectonic.htm) . www.modernsilver.com . Archived from the original (http://www.modernsilver.com/architectonic.htm) on 2017-04-23 . Retrieved 2017-02-23 . ^ a b c Drutt, Helen Williams; Dormer, Peter (1995-01-01). Jewelry of Our Time: Art, Ornament, and Obsession . Random House Incorporated. p. 69. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780847819140 . ^ a b McBrinn, Joseph (Winter 2009). "Showing his mettle" (https://www.irishartsreview.com/showing-his-mettle/) . www.irishartsreview.com . Retrieved 2019-02-03 . ^ a b c d e f g "Contemporary jewelry: 1960 to today" (http://www.mschon.com/50604.html) . www.mschon.com . Retrieved 2017-02-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDruttDormer199567_5-0) Drutt & Dormer 1995 (#CITEREFDruttDormer1995) , p. 67. ^ a b c d e Drutt & Dormer 1995 (#CITEREFDruttDormer1995) , p. 70. 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Malawian musician Rebecca Thindwa (Malawian model) is a Malawian (/wiki/Malawi) model and fashionist. References [ edit ] Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Africa (/wiki/Portal:Africa) Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Malawi (/wiki/Portal:Malawi) This page will be placed in the following categories if it is moved to the article namespace (/wiki/Wikipedia:NS0) . Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Malawian musicians (/wiki/Category:Malawian_musicians) Malawian singers (/wiki/Category:Malawian_singers) Malawian songwriters (/wiki/Category:Malawian_songwriters) 21st-century Malawian singers (/wiki/Category:21st-century_Malawian_singers) Afrobeats musicians (/wiki/Category:Afrobeats_musicians) Malawian singer-songwriters (/wiki/Category:Malawian_singer-songwriters) 21st-century Malawian people (/wiki/Category:21st-century_Malawian_people) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6bfdd77f6c‐j5njd Cached time: 20240623074807 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.103 seconds Real time usage: 0.149 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 259/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5250/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1166/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2853/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.052/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1693650/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 130.052 1 -total 43.68% 56.801 1 Template:Short_description 31.10% 40.440 1 Template:Portal_bar 28.66% 37.272 1 Template:Pagetype 11.83% 15.388 1 Template:Authority_control 10.07% 13.096 1 Template:Reflist 3.74% 4.864 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck 3.07% 3.991 4 Template:Main_other 3.01% 3.916 1 Template:Draft_categories Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77209559-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623074807 and revision id 1230531144. Rendering was triggered because: edit-page esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Rebecca_Thindwa_(Malawian_model)&oldid=1230531144 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Rebecca_Thindwa_(Malawian_model)&oldid=1230531144) "
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Clothing brand This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( November 2023 ) Discovery Expedition Industry Clothing Founded South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) (2012 ( 2012 ) ) Headquarters Seoul (/wiki/Seoul) , South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) Number of locations 120+ stores (2016) Website Official website (https://www.discovery-expedition.com/main/mall/view) Discovery Expedition is a South Korean clothing brand. As of 2016, the chain had over 120 retail stores in South Korea. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lee, Ah-ram (April 1, 2016). " (http://www.apparelnews.co.kr/naver/view.php?iid=60577) '디스커버리 익스페디션' 1분기 매출 470억원" (http://www.apparelnews.co.kr/naver/view.php?iid=60577) (in Korean). Apparel News . Retrieved 2016-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Licensing a brand is easier than building one, for now" (https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2021/08/04/business/industry/fashion/20210804180900396.html) . Korea JoongAng Daily (/wiki/Korea_JoongAng_Daily) . 4 August 2021 . Retrieved 2022-05-18 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.discovery-expedition.com/main/mall/view) Discovery Expedition South Korea (http://www.discovery-expedition.co.kr/) v t e Warner Bros. Discovery (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery) Executives Board of directors Samuel DiPiazza (/wiki/Samuel_DiPiazza) (Chairman) David Zaslav (/wiki/David_Zaslav) (CEO) Robert Bennett (/wiki/Robert_R._Bennett) Li Haslett Chen Richard Fisher (/wiki/Richard_W._Fisher) Paul Gould Debra Lee (/wiki/Debra_L._Lee) John C. 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Discovery Americas (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_Americas) USA headquarters: Miami (/wiki/Miami) LATAM headquarters: Buenos Aires (/wiki/Buenos_Aires) , Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , Santiago (/wiki/Santiago) , São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) , Bogotá (/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1) Canada JV Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Adult Swim (/wiki/Adult_Swim_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Cooking Channel (/wiki/Cooking_Channel_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Discovery Channel (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Discovery Science (/wiki/Discovery_Science_(Canada)) Discovery Velocity (/wiki/Discovery_Velocity) Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network_(Canadian_TV_channel)) HGTV (/wiki/HGTV_(Canadian_TV_channel)) HBO (/wiki/HBO_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Investigation Discovery (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Magnolia Network (/wiki/Magnolia_Network_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Oprah Winfrey Network (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey_Network_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Latin America, the Caribbean and Brazil Adult Swim (/wiki/Adult_Swim_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Cinemax Discovery Discovery Home & Health (/wiki/Discovery_Home_%26_Health) Discovery Kids (/wiki/Discovery_Kids_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Discovery Science (/wiki/Discovery_Science_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Discovery Theater HD Discovery Turbo (/wiki/Discovery_Turbo) Discovery World HD Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network) Golf Channel (/wiki/Golf_Channel#Golf_Channel_Latin_America) HBO + 2 Brasil (/wiki/HBO_Brasil) Caribbean Family Mundi Pop Signature Xtreme HGTV (/wiki/HGTV) HTV (/wiki/HTV_(Latin_America)) ID (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Space (/wiki/Space_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) TCM (/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) TNT (/wiki/TNT_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) Novelas (/wiki/TNT_Novelas) Series (/wiki/TNT_Series) TNT Sports Argentina (/wiki/TNT_Sports_(Argentina)) Brazil (/wiki/TNT_Sports_(Brazil)) Chile (/wiki/TNT_Sports_(Chile)) Mexico (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_Sports_(M%C3%A9xico)) Tooncast (/wiki/Tooncast) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) v t e Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_Asia-Pacific) Headquarters: Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) Pan-Asia Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet) Asian Food Network (/wiki/Asian_Food_Network) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Asian_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Asian_TV_channel)) Discovery Asia (/wiki/Discovery_Asia) Discovery Channel (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)) Discovery Science (/wiki/Discovery_Science_(Asian_TV_channel)) DMAX (/wiki/DMAX_(Asian_TV_channel)) Eurosport Asia Pacific (/wiki/Eurosport_1) EVE Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network_Asia) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(Asian_TV_channel)) Travel Channel (/wiki/Travel_Channel_International) East Asia Cartoon Network Japan (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Japanese_TV_channel)) Korea (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(South_Korean_TV_channel)) Taiwan (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Asian_TV_channel)#Taiwan) Cartoonito Korea (/wiki/Cartoonito_(South_Korean_TV_channel)) Mondo TV (Japan) Tabi Channel South Asia Cartoon Network India (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Indian_TV_channel)) HD+ (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_HD%2B) Pakistan (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Pakistani_TV_channel)) Pogo (/wiki/Pogo_(TV_channel)) Animal Planet India (/wiki/Animal_Planet_India) Discovery Channel India (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Indian_TV_channel)) HGTV India (/wiki/HGTV) Travel Channel (/wiki/Travel_Channel_International) Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network_Asia) DTamil India Discovery Science India (/wiki/Discovery_Science_(Indian_TV_channel)) Discovery Turbo India (/wiki/Discovery_Turbo_(Indian_TV_channel)) Discovery Kids India (/wiki/Discovery_Kids_(Indian_TV_channel)) Eurosport India (/wiki/Eurosport_(Indian_TV_channel)) Investigation Discovery (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(Indian_TV_channel)) TLC India (/wiki/TLC_(Indian_TV_channel)) Southeast Asia Boomerang Thailand (/wiki/Boomerang_(Asian_TV_channel)#Thailand) Cartoon Network Asia (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Asian_TV_channel)) Philippines (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Philippine_TV_channel)) Cartoonito Asia (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Asian_TV_channel)) Cinemax Asia (/wiki/Cinemax_(Asian_TV_channel)) HBO Asia (/wiki/HBO_Asia) Family Hits Signature World Heritage Channel (/wiki/World_Heritage_Channel) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) Australasia Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Australian_and_New_Zealand_TV_channel)) Discovery (/wiki/Discovery_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)) Discovery Turbo (/wiki/Discovery_Turbo) Investigation Discovery (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(Australian_TV_channel)) Australia 9Rush (/wiki/9Rush) (co-owned with Nine (/wiki/Nine_Entertainment) ) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(Australian_TV_channel)) New Zealand (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_New_Zealand) Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)) Eden (/wiki/Eden_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)) Living (/wiki/Living_(New_Zealand)) Rush (/wiki/Rush_(TV_channel)) Three (/wiki/Three_(TV_channel)) Online Discovery+ (/wiki/Discovery%2B) (India only) HBO Go Asia (/wiki/HBO_Go) ThreeNow (/wiki/ThreeNow) Defunct Breeze TV (/wiki/Breeze_TV) C4 (/wiki/C4_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)) C42 (/wiki/C4_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)) China Entertainment Television (/wiki/China_Entertainment_Television) (36%) The Edge TV (/wiki/The_Edge_TV) Food Network NZ (/wiki/Food_Network_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)) Four (/wiki/Four_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)) + 1 (/wiki/Four_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)#Four_Plus_1) Imagine TV (/wiki/Imagine_TV) Imagine Showbiz (/wiki/Imagine_Showbiz) Lumiere Movies (/wiki/Lumiere_Movies) Mondo Mah-jong Newshub (/wiki/Newshub) Oh!K (/wiki/Oh!K) Red by HBO (/wiki/Red_by_HBO) Setanta Sports Asia (/wiki/Setanta_Sports_Asia) Tabi Tele ThreeLife (/wiki/Three_(TV_channel)#ThreeLife) + 1 (/wiki/Three_(TV_channel)#ThreeLife_+_1) v t e Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA) Headquarters: London (/wiki/London) and Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) France, Belgium & Switzerland Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(European_TV_channel)) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(French_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(French_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(French_TV_channel)) Discovery Channel (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(French_TV_channel)) Eurosport (/wiki/Eurosport) 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) 2 Xtra (/wiki/Eurosport_2_Xtra_(German_TV_channel)) Investigation Discovery (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)) TCM Cinéma (/wiki/TCM_Cin%C3%A9ma) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(French_TV_channel)) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) Warner TV Next (/wiki/Warner_TV_Next) Germany (/wiki/Discovery_Networks_Deutschland) , Benelux & CEE Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(European_TV_channel)) Germany (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(German_TV_channel)) Netherlands & Flanders (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(Dutch_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network Central & Eastern Europe (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Central_and_Eastern_Europe)) Germany (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(German_TV_channel)) Netherlands & Flanders (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Dutch_TV_channel)) Bulgaria, CIS & SEE (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Southeastern_European_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)) Discovery Flanders (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Flemish_TV_channel)) Germany (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(German_TV_channel)) Hungary (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Hungarian_TV_channel)) CIS (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Russian_TV_channel)) Discovery Science (/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)) DMAX (Germany) (/wiki/DMAX_(German_TV_channel)) Eurosport (/wiki/Eurosport) 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) HGTV (/wiki/HGTV) Netherlands Tele 5 (/wiki/Tele_5) (Germany) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)) Germany (/wiki/TLC_(German_TV_channel)) MENA (/wiki/TLC_Arabia) Netherlands (/wiki/TLC_(Dutch_TV_channel)) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) Czech Republic Germany Comedy (/wiki/WarnerTV_Comedy) Film (/wiki/WarnerTV_Film) Serie (/wiki/WarnerTV_Serie) Romania Travel Channel (/wiki/Travel_Channel_International) Italy Boing (/wiki/Boing_(Italian_TV_channel)) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(Italian_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Italian_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Italian_TV_channel)) CNN International (/wiki/CNN_International) Discovery Channel (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Italian_TV_channel)) DMAX (/wiki/DMAX_(Italian_TV_channel)) Eurosport (/wiki/Eurosport) 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) Frisbee (/wiki/Frisbee_(TV_channel)) Giallo (/wiki/Giallo_(TV_channel)) K2 (/wiki/K2_(TV_channel)) Motor Trend (/wiki/Motor_Trend_(Italian_TV_channel)) Nove (/wiki/Nove_(TV_channel)) Real Time (/wiki/Real_Time_(TV_channel)) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) Scandinavia Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_Nordic) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Scandinavian_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Scandinavian_TV_channel)) Discovery Denmark (/wiki/Discovery_Denmark) Finland (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_Finland) Sweden (/wiki/Discovery_Sweden) Norway (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Norwegian_TV_channel)) Eurosport (/wiki/Eurosport) 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) TLC Sweden (/wiki/TLC_(Sweden)) Norway (/wiki/TLC_Norway) Travel Channel (/wiki/Travel_Channel_International) Denmark 6'eren (/wiki/6%27eren) Canal 9 (/wiki/Canal_9_(Denmark)) Kanal 4 (/wiki/Kanal_4) Kanal 5 (/wiki/Kanal_5_(Denmark)) Max (/wiki/Max_(Norwegian_TV_channel)) Finland Frii Kutonen (/wiki/Kutonen_(TV_channel)) TV5 (/wiki/TV5_(Finland)) Kanal 5 (/wiki/Kanal_5_(Sweden)) Kanal 9 (/wiki/Kanal_9) Kanal 11 (/wiki/Kanal_11_(Sweden)) Norway FEM (/wiki/FEM_(TV_channel)) REX (/wiki/Rex_(Norwegian_TV_channel)) Travel Channel (/wiki/Travel_Channel_International) TVNorge (/wiki/TVNorge) VOX (/wiki/VOX_(Norwegian_TV_channel)) Sweden Kanal 5 (/wiki/Kanal_5_(Swedish_TV_channel)) Kanal 9 (/wiki/Kanal_9) Kanal 11 (/wiki/Kanal_11_(Swedish_TV_channel)) Iberia Boing Spain (/wiki/Boing_(Spanish_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network Portugal (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Portuguese_TV_channel)) Cartoonito Portugal (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Portuguese_TV_channel)) Discovery Portugal (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Portuguese_TV_channel)) Spain DMAX Spain (/wiki/DMAX_(Spanish_TV_channel)) TCM Spain (/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies) Warner TV Spain (/wiki/Warner_TV) UK & Ireland Adult Swim (/wiki/Adult_Swim_(British_and_Irish_TV_programming_block)) Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Discovery (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Discovery History (/wiki/Discovery_History) Discovery Turbo (/wiki/Discovery_Turbo) DMAX (/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)) Eurosport 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) Eurosport 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network) HGTV (/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Investigation Discovery (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)) Quest (/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)) Quest Red (/wiki/Quest_Red) Really (/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) TNT Sports (/wiki/TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)) TNT Sports 4 (/wiki/TNT_Sports_4) TNT Sports Box Office (/wiki/TNT_Sports_Box_Office) Turkey Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Turkish_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Turkish_TV_channel)) DMAX (/wiki/DMAX_(Turkish_TV_channel)) Eurosport 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) Eurosport 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(Turkish_TV_channel)) Middle East & Africa Asharq Discovery Boing (Africa) (/wiki/Boing_(African_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Middle_Eastern_and_African_TV_channel)) Arabic (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_Arabic) Hindi (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_Hindi) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Middle_Eastern_and_African_TV_channel)) Toonami (Africa) (/wiki/Toonami#Sub-Saharan_Africa) TNT Africa (/wiki/TNT_Africa) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) Defunct Boomerang Germany (/wiki/Boomerang_(German_TV_channel)) Boomerang Spain (/wiki/Boomerang_(Spain)) Cartoonito Spain (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Spanish_TV_channel)) Cartoon Network Spain (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Spanish_TV_channel)) CNN+ (/wiki/CNN%2B_(Spanish_TV_network)) DTX (/wiki/DTX_(TV_channel)) TCM Scandinavia, Netherlands & Flanders (/wiki/TCM_(North_European_TV_channel)) TCM UK & Ireland (/wiki/TCM_Movies) TNT Benelux (/wiki/TNT_(Dutch_TV_channel)) TNT Sweden (/wiki/TNT_(Swedish_TV_channel)) v t e TVN Warner Bros. Discovery (/wiki/TVN_Warner_Bros._Discovery) Headquarters: Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) TV channels TVN (/wiki/TVN_(Polish_TV_channel)) TVN 7 (/wiki/TVN_7) TVN24 (/wiki/TVN24) TVN24 BiS (/wiki/TVN24_BiS) TVN Fabuła (/wiki/TVN_Fabu%C5%82a) iTVN (/wiki/TVN_International) iTVN Extra (/wiki/TVN_International_Extra) TVN Style (/wiki/TVN_Style) TVN Turbo (/wiki/TVN_Turbo) TTV (/wiki/TTV_(Poland)) Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network) HGTV (/wiki/HGTV) Travel Channel (/wiki/Travel_Channel_International) Discovery (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Polish_TV_channel)) Discovery Science (/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)) Animal Planet (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(Polish_TV_channel)) TLC (/wiki/TLC_(Polish_TV_channel)) Discovery Life (/wiki/Discovery_Life_(Poland)) ID (/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_Europe) DTX (/wiki/DTX_(TV_channel)) Discovery Historia (/wiki/Discovery_Historia) Metro (/wiki/Metro_(Polish_TV_channel)) Eurosport 1 (/wiki/Eurosport_1) Eurosport 2 (/wiki/Eurosport_2) HBO (/wiki/HBO_Europe) HBO 2 (/wiki/HBO_Europe) HBO 3 (/wiki/HBO_Europe) Cinemax (/wiki/HBO_Europe#Cinemax) Cinemax 2 (/wiki/HBO_Europe#Cinemax) Warner TV (/wiki/Warner_TV) Cartoon Network (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Polish_TV_channel)) Cartoonito (/wiki/Cartoonito_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)) FAST channels TVN Rewolucje w Kuchni (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Rewolucje_w_Kuchni&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Millionerzy (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Millionerzy&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Kultowe Seriale (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Kultowe_Seriale&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Rajska Miłość (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Rajska_Mi%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Telenowele (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Telenowele&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Kryminalnie (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Kryminalnie&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Momenty Prawdy (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Momenty_Prawdy&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Życie Jak w Bajce (/w/index.php?title=TVN_%C5%BBycie_Jak_w_Bajce&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Szpitalne Historie (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Szpitalne_Historie&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Talk Show (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Talk_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Szkoła Życia (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Szko%C5%82a_%C5%BBycia&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Seriale o Kobietach (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Seriale_o_Kobietach&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN W Domu (/w/index.php?title=TVN_W_Domu&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Moto (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Moto&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Usterka (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Usterka&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Prawo i Życie (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Prawo_i_%C5%BBycie&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN Pora na Show (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Pora_na_Show&action=edit&redlink=1) Online services Max (/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)) Player.pl (/wiki/Player.pl) TVN24 GO (/w/index.php?title=TVN24_GO&action=edit&redlink=1) TVN24.pl (/wiki/TVN24.pl) Kontakt 24 TVN Warszawa TVN Meteo (/wiki/TVN_Meteo) TVN Zdrowie (/w/index.php?title=TVN_Zdrowie&action=edit&redlink=1) Other assets Platforma Canal+ (/wiki/Platforma_Canal%2B) Warner Bros. Entertainment Polska (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures) Former units from WB Crunchyroll (/wiki/Crunchyroll) DramaFever (/wiki/DramaFever) eleveneleven (/wiki/Eleveneleven) Hooq (/wiki/Hooq) (17.5%) Shed Productions (/wiki/Shed_Productions) In2TV (/wiki/In2TV) Midway Games (/wiki/Midway_Games) New Line Home Entertainment (/wiki/New_Line_Home_Entertainment) Infinifilm (/wiki/Infinifilm) Outright Distribution (/wiki/Outright_Distribution) Quibi (/wiki/Quibi) JV Rooster Teeth (/wiki/Rooster_Teeth) (Global Streaming & Interactive Entertainment) Shed Productions (/wiki/Shed_Productions) Snowblind Studios (/wiki/Snowblind_Studios) Stage 13 Surreal Software (/wiki/Surreal_Software) The WB (/wiki/The_WB) The WB 100+ Station Group (/wiki/The_WB_100%2B_Station_Group) Warner Premiere (/wiki/Warner_Premiere) Raw Feed (/wiki/Raw_Feed) Warner Bros. Family Entertainment (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Family_Entertainment) Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classics (/wiki/Warner_Bros._Global_Kids,_Young_Adults_and_Classics) Warner Independent Pictures (/wiki/Warner_Independent_Pictures) DC Universe (/wiki/DC_Universe_(streaming_service)) Warner Max (/wiki/HBO_Max) Watershed Television Yalli Productions from Turner Audience Network (/wiki/Audience_Network) AT&T SportsNet (/wiki/AT%26T_SportsNet) Root Sports Northwest (/wiki/Root_Sports_Northwest) (29%) Pittsburgh (/wiki/AT%26T_SportsNet_Pittsburgh) SportsNet Rocky Mountain (/wiki/SportsNet_Rocky_Mountain) Southwest (/wiki/AT%26T_SportsNet_Southwest) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(German_TV_channel)) (Germany) Boomerang (/wiki/Boomerang_(Latin_American_TV_channel)) (Latin America) Cable Music Channel (/wiki/Cable_Music_Channel) Cartoon Network Too (/wiki/Cartoon_Network_Too) CNN+ (/wiki/CNN%2B) CNN+ (Channel) (/wiki/CNN%2B_(Spanish_TV_network)) CNNfn (/wiki/CNNfn) CNNSI (/wiki/CNNSI) CNN Airport (/wiki/CNN_Airport) CNX (/wiki/CNX_(TV_channel)) FilmStruck (/wiki/FilmStruck) Game Show Network (/wiki/Game_Show_Network) (42%) Great Big Story (/wiki/Great_Big_Story) Hulu (/wiki/Hulu) (10%) iStreamPlanet (/wiki/IStreamPlanet) LazyTown Entertainment (/wiki/LTS_Gar%C3%B0b%C3%A6r_Studios) Oh!K (/wiki/Oh!K) Retro (/wiki/Retro_(TV_channel)) Super Deluxe (/wiki/Super_Deluxe) Studio T Toonami Channel (/wiki/Toonami_(Asia)) (Asia) Toonami India (/wiki/Toonami_(India)) Toonami UK (/wiki/Toonami_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) TNT Sweden (/wiki/TNT_(Swedish_TV_channel)) TCM South East Asia (/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies_(Asia)) TCM Northern Europe (/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies_(Northern_European_TV_channel)) Turner Program Services (/wiki/Turner_Program_Services) Turner South (/wiki/Turner_South) WB Channel (/wiki/WB_Channel) Woohoo (Brazil) Universal Wrestling Corporation (/wiki/World_Championship_Wrestling) WPCH-TV (/wiki/WPCH-TV) from HBO Festival (/wiki/Festival_(TV_channel)) HBO Boxing Pay-Per-View HBO Defined (/wiki/HBO_(Asia)#HBO_South_Asia) (India) HBO Downtown Productions HBO en Español (/wiki/HBO#Selecciones_en_Español_de_HBO_y_Cinemax_/_HBO_en_Español) HBO España HBO Hits (/wiki/HBO_(Asia)#HBO_South_Asia) HBO Home Entertainment (/wiki/Home_Box_Office,_Inc.#Home_video) HBO Independent Productions HBO Latin America Group (/wiki/HBO_Latin_America_Group) HBO Netherlands (/wiki/HBO_Netherlands) HBO Nordic (/wiki/HBO_Nordic) HBO Now (/wiki/HBO_Now) HBO NYC Productions HBO Portugal (/wiki/HBO_Portugal) Red by HBO (/wiki/Red_by_HBO) Take 2 (/wiki/HBO#Take_2) Time Life Television (/wiki/Time_Life_Television) from Discovery & Scripps All3Media (/wiki/All3Media) JV 3net (/wiki/3net) JV 7food network (/wiki/7food_network) Animal Planet Italy (/wiki/Animal_Planet_(Italian_TV_channel)) Canal 8 Sport (/wiki/Canal_8_Sport) Canal+ Discovery JV (Poland) Discovery Channel Radio (/wiki/Discovery_Channel#Discovery_Channel_Radio) Discovery Channel Romania (/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Romanian_TV_channel)) Discovery Civilization (/wiki/Discovery_Civilization_(Latin_America)) Discovery Digital Networks (/wiki/Discovery_Digital_Networks) Discovery Family (/wiki/Discovery_Family_(France)) (France) Discovery Geschichte (/wiki/Discovery_Geschichte) Discovery Health Channel (/wiki/Discovery_Health_Channel) Discovery Home & Health Southeast Asia (/wiki/Discovery_Home_%26_Health_Southeast_Asia) UK & Ireland (/wiki/Discovery_Home_%26_Health_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Discovery Kids (/wiki/Discovery_Kids) Australia (/wiki/Discovery_Kids_(Australian_TV_channel)) Canada (/wiki/Discovery_Kids_(Canadian_TV_channel)) Southeast Asia United Kingdom (/wiki/Discovery_Kids_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)) Discovery Kids on NBC (/wiki/Discovery_Kids_on_NBC) Discovery Networks CEEMEA (/wiki/Discovery_Networks_CEEMEA) Northern Europe (/wiki/Discovery_Networks_Northern_Europe) Discovery People (/wiki/Discovery_People) Discovery Real Time France (/wiki/Discovery_Real_Time_France) UK and Ireland (/wiki/Discovery_Real_Time) Discovery Shed (/wiki/Discovery_Shed) Discovery Showcase HD (/wiki/Discovery_HD) Discovery Travel & Living Europe (/wiki/Discovery_Travel_%26_Living_(European_TV_channel)) Discovery Turbo Asia (/wiki/Discovery_Turbo_(Asia)) Discovery Wings (/wiki/Discovery_Wings_(UK)) Discovery World Europe (/wiki/Discovery_World_(European_TV_channel)) DKids (/wiki/DKids) Dplay (/wiki/Dplay) Eurosport 360° Eurosport 2 Xtra Portugal (/wiki/Eurosport_2_Xtra_(Portugal)) Eurosport DK (/wiki/Eurosport_2#Eurosport_DK) Eurosport News (/wiki/Eurosport_News) Eurosport Pluss (Norway) Fine Living Europe (/wiki/Fine_Living_(European_TV_channel)) FitTV (/wiki/FitTV) Focus Food Network New Zealand (/wiki/Food_Network_(New_Zealand)) FYI Canada (/wiki/FYI_(Canadian_TV_channel)) GB News (/wiki/GB_News) (minority) Great American Country (/wiki/Great_American_Country) Good Food (/wiki/Good_Food) GolfTV (/wiki/GolfTV) GXT (/wiki/GXT) Joyn (/wiki/Joyn_(streaming_platform)) PixL (/wiki/PixL) Quest Arabiya (/wiki/Quest_Arabiya) Ready Set Learn! SBS Radio Nordic Setanta Sports Asia (/wiki/Setanta_Sports_Asia) Vivolta (/wiki/Vivolta) JV (France) See also AT&T (/wiki/AT%26T) 's WarnerMedia (/wiki/WarnerMedia) Kinney National Company (/wiki/Kinney_National_Company) Time Inc. (/wiki/Time_Inc.) AOL (/wiki/AOL) Turner Broadcasting System (/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System) Discovery, Inc. (/wiki/Discovery,_Inc.) Discovery Holding Company (/wiki/Discovery_Holding_Company) Scripps Networks Interactive (/wiki/Scripps_Networks_Interactive) This article about a South Korean company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Submission declined on 30 April 2024 by Wikishovel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Wikishovel) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Wikishovel) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. Thank you for your submission, but the subject of this article already exists in Wikipedia. You can find it and improve it at Digital fashion (/wiki/Digital_fashion) instead. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. Where to get help If you need help editing or submitting your draft , please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. These venues are only for help with editing and the submission process, not to get reviews. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Digital+Fashion+Designing%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Digital_Fashion_Designing) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Digital_Fashion_Designing&defaults=y) Declined by Wikishovel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Wikishovel) 2 months ago. Last edited by Wikishovel (/wiki/User:Wikishovel) 2 months ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Digisohail&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Digital Fashion The fashion industry, once synonymous with physical fabric and bustling ateliers, is undergoing a digital metamorphosis. Digital fashion design, a rapidly evolving field, utilizes cutting-edge technology to create garments entirely within the virtual realm. This article delves into the captivating world of digital fashion design, exploring its impact on creativity, sustainability, and the future of fashion as a whole. Unveiling the Power of Pixels: Creative Freedom in a Digital Studio Digital design software empowers designers to push the boundaries of creativity in ways never before possible. Here's how: Boundless Exploration: Forget the limitations of physical materials. Digital tools allow for the manipulation of textures, exploration of impossible drapes, and experimentation with vibrant colors – all within a virtual studio. This boundless environment fosters the creation of truly unique and innovative designs. Prototyping with Ease: Say goodbye to time-consuming and expensive physical samples. Digital tools facilitate rapid prototyping. Designers can quickly iterate on designs, visualize them in a realistic 3D environment, and make informed decisions before production begins. Breaking the Mold: Digital design allows for the exploration of unconventional techniques and complex structures, defying the limitations of traditional methods. Imagine garments defying gravity or showcasing intricately woven patterns impossible to achieve with physical materials. Stitching Sustainability into the Design Process The fashion industry grapples with a significant environmental footprint. Digital design offers a path towards a more sustainable future: Reduced Waste: By eliminating the need for physical samples and multiple rounds of production, digital design significantly reduces waste associated with traditional garment creation. This translates to a smaller environmental footprint for the industry. Material Efficiency: Digital tools allow for precise fabric optimization, minimizing waste during the cutting process. This resourcefulness contributes to a more sustainable production cycle, ensuring optimal fabric utilization. On-Demand Manufacturing: Digital design facilitates on-demand manufacturing. Brands can produce garments only after confirmed orders are received, reducing the risk of overproduction and minimizing deadstock, a major contributor to textile waste. Revolutionizing the Fashion Experience: From Consumer to Metaverse The impact of digital design extends beyond the design process, transforming the way consumers interact with fashion: Virtual Try-On Experiences: Imagine trying on clothes from the comfort of your couch! AR (augmented reality) technology allows for virtual try-on experiences, allowing consumers to see how garments will look on their bodies before making a purchase. This innovative tool promotes informed consumer decisions and reduces the need for returns. Personalized Fashion: Digital tools have the potential to personalize the fashion experience. By analyzing body scans and personal preferences, consumers could receive recommendations for garments that perfectly fit their style and body type. This could lead to a future of customized clothing experiences. Fashion in the Metaverse: As the metaverse expands, virtual clothing plays an increasingly important role. Digital design empowers the creation of unique and personalized garments for virtual avatars, fostering a whole new avenue for self-expression within this virtual world. Beyond the Glitz: Challenges and Considerations for Digital Fashion While the potential of digital design in fashion [1] (#cite_note-1) is undeniable, some challenges and considerations exist: Skill Development: The industry requires a new skillset for designers comfortable working with digital tools. Upskilling and training initiatives are crucial to bridge the gap between traditional and digital design methods. Ethical Considerations: The rise of virtual clothing raises questions about the true value of fashion and potential overconsumption within the metaverse. Finding a balance between innovation and responsible fashion practices is key. Accessibility and Inclusivity: Digital design is not just for the elite. Educational resources and affordable software options are crucial for fostering a diverse pool of digital fashion creators. Inclusive workshops and training programs can ensure that the digital fashion revolution is accessible to all. Weaving a Future of Fashion with Digital Threads Digital design is not just a trend; it's a transformative force shaping the future of fashion. As technology advances and consumer expectations evolve, we can expect to see even deeper integration of digital tools throughout the fashion value chain. This shift promises a future where creative boundaries are shattered, sustainability becomes a priority, and the fashion experience is personalized and accessible to all. Embrace the Change: Become Part of the Digital Fashion Revolution Whether you're a seasoned designer or a curious individual, there are numerous ways to get involved in the exciting world of digital fashion design: Explore Online Resources : Numerous online tutorials, courses, and communities cater to both beginners and experienced designers interested in learning digital fashion design software. Attend Industry Events: Digital fashion design events (https://community.thefword.ai/) offer valuable insights and networking opportunities. Explore conferences, workshops, and webinars to stay updated on the latest trends and technologies. Embrace Experimentation: Don't be afraid to experiment with digital design tools! References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) https://https (https://https) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200625000000/https://https//udn.com/news/story/121424/4659358) 2020-06-25 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ://onlinedigitalfashion.wixsite.com/digital-fashion/ NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐b8bff7599‐lnzjg Cached time: 20240717093208 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, vary‐user] CPU time usage: 0.193 seconds Real time usage: 0.294 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1484/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 83763/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6870/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7107/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.084/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2549901/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 265.947 1 -total 78.16% 207.869 1 Template:AFC_submission 73.92% 196.577 1 Template:AfC_submission/declined 71.81% 190.972 1 Template:Ombox 36.17% 96.195 1 Template:AfC_submission/helptools 35.32% 93.945 4 Template:Hidden 13.77% 36.628 1 Template:Find_sources 9.78% 25.998 1 Template:Short_description 7.24% 19.256 1 Template:Find_sources/top_proj 7.22% 19.203 1 Template:Reflist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76772726-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717093208 and revision id 1221497668. 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Men's clothing company For other uses, see Bond (/wiki/Bond_(disambiguation)) . Bond Clothing Stores Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1914 Defunct ca. 1989 Fate Liquidation Headquarters New York (/wiki/New_York_City) and Nationwide Products Men's apparel and accessiories Bond Clothing Stores , Bond Clothes , Bond Clothiers , or Bond Stores , was a men's clothing manufacturing company and retailer. The company catered to the middle-class consumer. History [ edit ] The company was founded in Cleveland, Ohio (/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio) in 1914, when Mortimer Slater, with Charles Anson Bond (/wiki/Charles_Anson_Bond) and Lester Cohen, founded the stores as a retail outlet for their suit manufacturing company. Charles Anson Bond, whose name was chosen for its market value and meaning left Cleveland for Columbus, Ohio where he opened a branch of the company. Bond stepped away from active management when he was elected mayor of Columbus in 1907. The first store featured fifteen-dollar men's suits. As president, Slater built the concern into a million-dollar corporation, increasing the number of employees from 50 to more than 4,000. At his retirement in 1924, the concern had 28 stores in large cities. Charles Anson Bond also sold his interests in the 1920s. Bond Stores, Inc. was organized in Maryland on March 19, 1937, by the consolidation of Bond Clothing Company, a Maryland corporation, and its subsidiary, Bond Stores, Inc. The principal executive offices of the corporation were located at 261 Fifth Avenue in New York City. [1] (#cite_note-1) During the 1930s and 1940s, it became the largest retail chain of men's clothing in the United States, best known for selling two-pant suits. In 1975, the company was sold to foreign investors, [2] (#cite_note-2) then broken up and sold in smaller groups to its management. For instance, 13 stores were operated by the Proud Wind, Inc. company. [3] (#cite_note-Close_F_Street_Store_Jan_1981-3) Manufacturing operations [ edit ] In 1933, company president Barney S. Ruben (1885–1959) moved the manufacturing center of Bond Clothes from New Brunswick, New Jersey (/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey) to Rochester, New York (/wiki/Rochester,_New_York) where he spent his youth and got his start in the clothing industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) with Fashion Park Clothes (/wiki/Fashion_Park_Clothes) . [4] (#cite_note-4) By the end of the 1930s, the manufacturer grew to employ over 2,500 people. During the 1940s the company expanded to larger manufacturing facilities on North Goodman St. In 1956, wholly owned manufacturing plants operated at New Brunswick, New York City, and Rochester. The Rochester facility was later sold to General Dynamics (/wiki/General_Dynamics) and is now occupied by Bausch and Lomb (/wiki/Bausch_and_Lomb) contact lens manufacturing. The company's manufacturing facilities remained in Rochester until 1979, when the factory was finally closed. [5] (#cite_note-5) Retail stores [ edit ] Bond Stores operated numerous retail outlets in the United States. Principally a men's clothier, by the mid-1950s some stores also carried women's clothing and later became known as "family apparel centers." In 1956, the chain operated nearly 100 outlets from coast to coast in principal cities, in addition to more than 50 agency stores that sold goods in smaller communities. [6] (#cite_note-6) In the late 1960s there were around 150 retail outlets. By 1982, that number had dwindled to 50. Around 1970, new management knowledgeable in fashions took over Bond Clothes, but their knowledge of the retail clothing industry did nothing to save Bond Clothes from its eventual demise. New York City [ edit ] Its New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) flagship store was at 372 Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) at 35th Street, the former flagship of Best & Co. (/wiki/Best_%26_Co.) Known as "Bond Fifth Avenue," they began leasing the store and the adjoining 12-story office tower from Best & Co. in 1947. In 1948, Bond renovated the entire building with ultra-modern interiors under the direction of designer Morris Lapidus (/wiki/Morris_Lapidus) . Bond stayed in the building until the mid-1970s. The building has most recently been redeveloped by the Paratis Group as a commercial / residential complex known as the "372 Fifth Avenue Loft." [7] (#cite_note-7) The company also operated a store at Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) . That outlet, which opened in 1940, was dubbed "the cathedral of clothing". [8] (#cite_note-nyc-architecture.com-8) The store closed in 1977. [9] (#cite_note-9) Starting in 1980, the building was a dance club called Bond International Casino (/wiki/Bond_International_Casino) , notable for hosting a concert by The Clash (/wiki/The_Clash) in 1981. The building housed a restaurant (/wiki/Restaurant) called Bond 45 (http://www.bond45.com/) until December 2015. The site currently houses a GAP and Old Navy since 2017. Greater Los Angeles [ edit ] Bond's built its nine-story [10] (#cite_note-10) Los Angeles flagship in what was then the city's primary shopping district, at 640 South Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_(Los_Angeles)) in 1939. [11] (#cite_note-11) That flagship is now the Pavo Real Jewelry Center, but the large Bond sign still runs down the vertical length of the building. By 1960 the chain had stores on Wilshire Boulevard (/wiki/Wilshire_Boulevard) 's Miracle Mile (/wiki/Miracle_Mile,_Los_Angeles) , Crenshaw Center (/wiki/Crenshaw_Center) , and Hollywood Boulevard (/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard) ; in Anaheim Plaza (/wiki/Anaheim_Plaza) , the El Monte Shopping Center (/wiki/El_Monte_Shopping_Center) , on Whittier Boulevard (/wiki/Whittier_Boulevard) in East Los Angeles (/wiki/East_Los_Angeles,_California) , Brand Bouelvard in Glendale (/wiki/Glendale,_California) , in Huntington Park (/wiki/Huntington_Park,_California) , Lakewood Center (/wiki/Lakewood_Center) , Valley Plaza (/wiki/Valley_Plaza) in North Hollywood (/wiki/North_Hollywood) , Panorama City Shopping Center (/wiki/Panorama_City_Shopping_Center) , Eastland Shopping Center (/wiki/Eastland_Shopping_Center) in West Covina (/wiki/West_Covina) , and Westchester (/wiki/Westchester,_Los_Angeles) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Washington, D.C., and vicinity [ edit ] Bond Stores first entered the Washington, D.C., market in 1925. In Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , the local flagship store was at 1335 F Street, NW, in the heart of the downtown shopping district. It opened in the early 1930s and closed in January 1982. [3] (#cite_note-Close_F_Street_Store_Jan_1981-3) Suburban locations in Northern Virginia operated at Landmark Mall (/wiki/Landmark_Mall) in Alexandria (/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia) (opened 1966) [14] (#cite_note-14) and Seven Corners Shopping Center (/wiki/Seven_Corners_Shopping_Center) in Falls Church (/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia) (opened October 1956, closed 1976). [15] (#cite_note-15) Outlets in suburban Maryland operated at Montgomery Mall (/wiki/Westfield_Montgomery) in Bethesda (/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland) , Prince George's Plaza (/wiki/Prince_George%27s_Plaza) in Hyattsville (/wiki/Hyattsville,_Maryland) (opened 1959, closed ca. 1982), [16] (#cite_note-16) and Marlow Heights Shopping Center (/wiki/Marlow_Heights_Shopping_Center) at Marlow Heights (/wiki/Marlow_Heights,_Maryland) . Cleveland, Ohio [ edit ] During the late 1940s, Bond built one of its last stand alone downtown stores. Designed in a high concept art moderne (/wiki/Art_moderne) style in Cleveland at Euclid Avenue (/wiki/Euclid_Avenue_(Cleveland)) and East Ninth Street in 1946/7. The structure replaced a previous building built in 1920. The structure used the site's sharp angle to its advantage by creating a tower crowned with windows facing inbound Euclid Avenue traffic". [17] (#cite_note-https://case.edu/ech/-17) The circular forms of the tower were repeated in the roof's overhang. On the Euclid Avenue and East Ninth Street facades, open gill-like projections held vertical window columns facing east and south. The building was faced with rose granite sheets and the BOND name was illuminated in red neon. Inside, the round themes were repeated in ceiling moldings, mirrors, and plaster reliefs. Following Bond's closure, the structure stood for many years until it was razed in the 1970s. Chicago, Illinois [ edit ] 240 S State Street, 1954 + Buffalo, New York [ edit ] Bond Stores operated at least two locations in the Buffalo, New York (/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York) area. In 1940, they took over the Givens, Inc. women's and children's apparel store at 452-54 Main Street in downtown Buffalo. A suburban location opened in 1962, at the new Boulevard Mall (/wiki/Boulevard_Mall) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Dallas, Texas [ edit ] Two Bond Stores were located at 1500 Main Street ( Southwestern Life Insurance Building (/wiki/Southwestern_Life_Insurance_Building) ) and 1530 Main Street, now The Joule Hotel (/wiki/The_Joule_Hotel) . Also in the 1960's - 1970's, there was a Bond Store in NorthPark Center (/wiki/NorthPark_Center) at 8687 North Central Expressway (/wiki/Central_Expressway_(Dallas)#North_Central_Expressway) ( US 75 (/wiki/U.S._Route_75_in_Texas) ). Times Square sign [ edit ] Postcard showing the sign during the day. Between 1948 and 1954, Bond Clothes operated a massive sign on the east side block of Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)) between 44th and 45th streets in New York's Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) . The sign had nearly 2 miles of neon and included two 7-story-tall nude figures, a man and a woman, as bookends. Between the nude figures, there was a 27-foot-high (8.2 m) and 132-foot-wide (40 m) waterfall with 50,000 gallons of recirculated water. Beneath the waterfall was a 278-foot-long (85 m) zipper sign (/wiki/News_ticker) with scrolling messages. The Bond zipper was made up of more than 20,000 light bulbs. Above the waterfall was a digital clock with the wording "Every Hour 3,490 People Buy at Bond." [8] (#cite_note-nyc-architecture.com-8) Some of the sign remained in place to advertise the Bond Stores location until the store's closure in 1977. Sign at night, seen on a postcard. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Harvard Business School, Lehman Brothers Collection - Twentieth-Century Business Archives Bond Stores, Inc. historical collection (accessed September 16, 2008) (http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/chrono.html?company=bond_stores_inc) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Dutch Buy Control Of Bond Industries (Published 1974)" (https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/11/archives/article-2-no-title-bond-industries-inc-control-acquired-by-a-dutch.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180820105621/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/11/archives/article-2-no-title-bond-industries-inc-control-acquired-by-a-dutch.html) from the original on 2018-08-20. ^ Jump up to: a b "Bonds to Close F Street Store Jan. 23," by Jerry Knight, The Washington Post , December 18, 1981, p. D7. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Mr. Ruben Dies; Headed Bond Stores," The Washington Post and Times-Herald , October 29, 1959, p. B2. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Finding Aid to records in the Rare Books and Special Collections department, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester (accessed September 16, 2008) (http://www.library.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=797) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Bond to Serve Both Men and Women," The Washington Post and Times-Herald , October 3, 1956, p. 50. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Paratis Group, 372 Fifth Avenue: SoHo in Midtown, History webpage (accessed September 16, 2008) (http://www.paratis.com/372fifth/history.html) . ^ Jump up to: a b New York Architecture Images- Midtown (Times Square) (accessed September 16, 2008) (http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare.htm) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Trager, James (2004) The New York Chronology: The Ultimate Compendium of Events, People, and Anecdotes from the Dutch to the Present , HarperCollins (p. 736). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-06-074062-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074062-7) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Bond clothing store to open here tomorrow" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55960018/bond-new-downtown-hollywood-huntington/) . Los Angeles Times . February 15, 1949. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Elaborate Quarters Readied for New Downtown Store" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53365839/elaborate-quarters-readied-for-new/) . Los Angeles Times . October 1, 1939. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Advertisement for Bond's" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53359066/bonds-stores-1960/) . Los Angeles Times . November 3, 1960. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Apparel firm will open new stores in L.A. area" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53359293/apparel-firm-will-open-new-stores-in/) . Los Angeles Times . September 25, 1960. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Bond to Open Store," The Washington Post and Times-Herald , April 21, 1966, p. C8. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Area Roundup, The Washington Post , December 31, 1976, p. D7. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "It's Fashionable For Whole Family To Shop Together," The Washington Post and Times-Herald May 7, 1959, p. C22. ^ (#cite_ref-https://case.edu/ech/_17-0) The Bond Store (accessed July 7, 2018) (https://case.edu/ech/articles/b/bond-store) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Rizzo, Michael F. (2007) Nine Nine Eight: The Glory Days of Buffalo Shopping Lulu Enterprises, Inc.; Morrisville, North Carolina. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4303-1386-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4303-1386-1) . External links [ edit ] New York Architecture Images- Midtown (Times Square) includes postcards showing Times Square Bond Clothes sign (accessed September 16, 2008) (http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare.htm) . Photograph of Forrester Building, 640 S. Broadway, Los Angeles, California (home of Bond Clothing Stores, Inc., ca. 1939 to 1973) (accessed September 16, 2008) (http://www.you-are-here.com/broadway/forrester.html) . Bond Clothing Stores, Inc. papers (https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/finding-aids/D222) , D.222, Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐vxtrm Cached time: 20240715034553 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.391 seconds Real time usage: 0.822 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1943/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14736/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1193/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31343/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.210/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6128021/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 649.734 1 -total 40.86% 265.513 1 Template:Reflist 29.70% 192.976 1 Template:Cite_web 22.44% 145.829 1 Template:Short_description 16.34% 106.136 1 Template:Infobox_company 13.88% 90.191 3 Template:Convert 13.66% 88.783 1 Template:Infobox 13.14% 85.393 8 Template:Main_other 12.47% 81.015 1 Template:SDcat 7.67% 49.867 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:19346003-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715034553 and revision id 1227047848. 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International fashion brand This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Palmer_Harding) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Palmer_Harding) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion) . Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palmer_Harding&action=edit) by removing promotional content (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam) and inappropriate external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest) , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . 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( January 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Palmer Harding , stylized as palmer//harding is a London based international fashion brand known for women's shirting created by fashion designers Levi Palmer (born 1981 in Belton, Texas (/wiki/Belton,_Texas) USA) and Matthew Harding (born 1984 in Watford, England (/wiki/Watford) ). The designer duo met while studying at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) in 2007, launching their brand after graduation in 2011 as part of the NewGen initiative provided by the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . Palmer Harding has gained a presence by dressing notable women such as Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) and former Prime Minister Theresa May (/wiki/Theresa_May) . They were recipients of the BFC/Vogue Designer Fashion Fund in 2017. Biography [ edit ] Levi Palmer was born in Belton, Texas, USA in 1981 [ citation needed ] into a working-class family. He discovered goth subculture (/wiki/Goth_subculture) at a young age and decided to pursue a career in fashion. [1] (#cite_note-1) After moving to Austin, Texas (/wiki/Austin,_Texas) and showing his first catwalk at a local nightclub, [2] (#cite_note-2) he started the Designer Guild of Austin along with other local fashion designers in 2000. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2001, he began studies in Pattern Cutting and Fashion Design at El Centro College (/wiki/El_Centro_College) in Dallas (/wiki/Dallas) . [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) In 2003, he entered his graduate collection into the Fashion Group International (/wiki/Fashion_Group_International) 's student Career Day competition and won the top two prizes, [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) which included a summer of study in London and Paris. After returning to Dallas and starting a jewelry business, he continued his education at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) in London from 2005-2009. [4] (#cite_note-auto1-4) John "Matthew" Harding was born in England in 1984 [ citation needed ] and grew up in Rickmansworth (/wiki/Rickmansworth) . He studied fashion at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) continuing onto the womenswear BA course (where he met Palmer in 2007) and eventually the MA course under the tutelage of Louise Wilson graduating in 2010 alongside peers such as Simone Rocha and Thomas Tait. [7] (#cite_note-7) He opened the school's annual fashion show at London Fashion Week in 2010 [8] (#cite_note-8) with his graduate collection and was offered a collaboration with Topshop shortly after. [9] (#cite_note-9) He also entered his graduate collection into the Knak weekend competition in Belgium and shared the grand prize of €5000 with Lea Peckre. [10] (#cite_note-10) Palmer and Harding met in 2007 while studying at Central Saint Martins, began a relationship, and entered into a civil partnership in 2008. They currently live and work in Hoxton, London. Palmer briefly worked for H&M. [11] (#cite_note-11) Business [ edit ] In 2011, French award establishment ANDAM approached Harding to be featured as a competition finalist alongside designer Anthony Vaccarello. [12] (#cite_note-12) Inspired by this experience, Palmer and Harding decided to join their creative talent to start the brand Palmer Harding around the central idea of reinterpreting a woman's shirt. [13] (#cite_note-13) The duo used the savings from Harding's prize winnings to move back into his parents house in Rickmansworth, initially establishing the Palmer Harding brand out of his childhood bedroom. [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Though the duo did not win ANDAM, their business idea caught the attention of Sarah Mower, resulting in the British Fashion Council offering Palmer Harding their support initiative NewGen in September 2011. [16] (#cite_note-16) Palmer Harding's first collection for Spring/Summer 2012 was shown as part of an exhibition at London Fashion Week. [17] (#cite_note-17) After two years of NewGen Support the duo showed their first catwalk collection at London Fashion Week in September 2013. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2016, Palmer Harding collaborated with John Lewis to create a capsule collection that became notable when former Prime Minister Theresa May (/wiki/Theresa_May) wore their shirt to several press appearances. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2017, Michelle Obama wore Palmer Harding's "The Super Shirt". [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Later that same year Palmer Harding won The British Fashion Council/Vogue Designer Fashion Fund. [23] (#cite_note-23) In the early days the brand was stocked by boutiques such as Forty Five Ten in Dallas and Joyce Hong Kong. More recently the brand is stocked by international retailers such as Harrods and Liberty in London, Neiman Marcus in the USA, matchesfashion.com and Net-A-Porter. [24] (#cite_note-24) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Dallas College Student Blog" (https://www.dcccd.edu/services/onlineservices/newsletters/2017/november/pages/fashion-guru.aspx) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "After a Fashion" (https://www.austinchronicle.com/columns/2000-04-28/76971/) . www.austinchronicle.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "After a Fashion" (https://www.austinchronicle.com/columns/2000-06-30/77729/) . www.austinchronicle.com . ^ Jump up to: a b "El Centro Grads Make Their Mark in the Fashion World" (https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2010/march/el-centro-grads-make-their-mark-in-the-fashion-world-2/) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Levi Palmer – Student Experiences" (https://www.dcccd.edu/cd/credit/fashion-design/students/pages/lpalmer.aspx) . Dallas College . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "PaperCity Magazine - March 2015 - Dallas" (http://papercitymagazine.uberflip.com/i/470413-march-2015-dallas/17?m4=) . papercitymagazine.uberflip.com . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Mower, Sarah (15 February 2014). "Seeing the Future at Central Saint Martins" (https://www.vogue.com/article/seeing-the-future-at-central-saint-martins) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Central Saint Martins Fall 2010 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2010-ready-to-wear/central-saint-martins/slideshow/collection) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Topshop Stocks 2010 Graduate Collections of Lilly Heine, Simone Rocha and Matthew Harding" (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/topshop-stocks-2010-graduate-collections-of-lilly-heine-simone-rocha-and-matthew-harding-111845869.html) . www.prnewswire.com . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Léa Peckre et Matthew Harding remportent le Fashion Weekend 2010" (https://weekend.levif.be/lifestyle/mode/lea-peckre-et-matthew-harding-remportent-le-fashion-weekend-2010/article-normal-330763.html) . Site-LeVifWeekend-FR . October 21, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Levi Palmer becomes a designer for HM" (https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/lifestyle/2010/01/05/levi-palmer-becomes-a-designer-for-hm/) . Dallas News . January 5, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Anthony Vaccarello wins ANDAM fashion award" (http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/anthony-vaccarello-wins-andam-fashion-award-2304840.html) . The Independent . June 30, 2011. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/anthony-vaccarello-wins-andam-fashion-award-2304840.html) from the original on 2022-05-24. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Spotlight | Palmer Harding" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/the-spotlight-palmer-harding) . The Business of Fashion . January 13, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Palmer//Harding and the white shirt - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG10286781/PalmerHarding-and-the-white-shirt.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-15) https://www.palmerharding.com/the-family (https://www.palmerharding.com/the-family) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-16) "BFC NEWGEN: The names to watch in British Fashion - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8563097/BFC-NEWGEN-The-names-to-watch-in-British-Fashion.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Davies, Marie (December 16, 2011). "Palmer Harding" (https://www.drapersonline.com/product-and-trends/palmer-harding) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "interview | palmer//harding" (https://schonmagazine.com/PalmerHarding/) . Schön! Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Conti, Samantha (September 16, 2016). "Theresa May Opens London Fashion Week With Downing Street Cocktail" (https://wwd.com/eye/parties/theresa-may-london-fashion-week-downing-street-cocktail-10549779/) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "John Lewis Reveals First Luxury Edit" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/john-lewis-palmer-harding-collaboration-modern-rarity) . British Vogue . 16 June 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Leaper, Caroline (May 15, 2017). "Cool, creative and full of British brands: Michelle Obama defines her post-FLOTUS look" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/cool-creative-full-british-brands-michelle-obama-defines-post/) . The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Okwodu, Janelle (12 May 2017). "Michelle Obama's New Look Means Business" (https://www.vogue.com/article/michelle-obama-pinstriped-palmer-harding-shirt) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "British Fashion Council" (https://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/business-support-awards/BFCVogue-Designer-Fashion-Fund/Winner-2017) . www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Palmer Harding Brings Back Menswear" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/palmer-harding-brings-back-menswear) . The Business of Fashion . February 6, 2019. 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. F Fetish clothing manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Fetish_clothing_manufacturers) (6 P) K Knitwear manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Knitwear_manufacturers) (20 P) S Suit makers (/wiki/Category:Suit_makers) (3 C, 41 P) Swimwear manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Swimwear_manufacturers) (1 C, 74 P) Pages in category "Clothing manufacturers" The following 81 pages are in this category, out of 81 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Alanic (/wiki/Alanic) Alpha Industries (/wiki/Alpha_Industries) AlphaTauri (fashion brand) (/wiki/AlphaTauri_(fashion_brand)) American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) Associated Apparel Industries, Inc. (/wiki/Associated_Apparel_Industries,_Inc.) American Giant (/wiki/American_Giant) Anderson-Little (/wiki/Anderson-Little) Arne & Carlos (/wiki/Arne_%26_Carlos) Aspetto (/wiki/Aspetto) ATAK Sportswear (/wiki/ATAK_Sportswear) Audimas (/wiki/Audimas) B Benetton Group (/wiki/Benetton_Group) Bill Blass Group (/wiki/Bill_Blass_Group) Bivolino (/wiki/Bivolino) Black Manufacturing Company (/wiki/Black_Manufacturing_Company) Bombas (/wiki/Bombas) Bond Clothing Stores (/wiki/Bond_Clothing_Stores) Brandix (/wiki/Brandix) C Chrome Industries (/wiki/Chrome_Industries) Cockpit USA (/wiki/Cockpit_USA) Crazy Shirts (/wiki/Crazy_Shirts) Crochet bikini (/wiki/Crochet_bikini) Crombie (clothing) (/wiki/Crombie_(clothing)) Crystal Group (/wiki/Crystal_Group) D Đại Cát Tường (/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%C3%A1t_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng) Alvin Duskin (/wiki/Alvin_Duskin) E E-Land Group (/wiki/E-Land_Group) F Fashion Park Clothes (/wiki/Fashion_Park_Clothes) FIVE FOXes (/wiki/FIVE_FOXes) Freak Vault Clothing (/wiki/Freak_Vault_Clothing) G Geox (/wiki/Geox) H Haggar Clothing (/wiki/Haggar_Clothing) Hart Schaffner Marx (/wiki/Hart_Schaffner_Marx) C.F. Hathaway Company (/wiki/C.F._Hathaway_Company) Hickey Freeman (/wiki/Hickey_Freeman) Thomas Hill (clothing manufacturer) (/wiki/Thomas_Hill_(clothing_manufacturer)) Hoodies and Stones Clothing (/wiki/Hoodies_and_Stones_Clothing) I I. & R. Morley (/wiki/I._%26_R._Morley) Indie Source (/wiki/Indie_Source) J Jinx (clothing) (/wiki/Jinx_(clothing)) Jolidon (/wiki/Jolidon) Jovani Fashion (/wiki/Jovani_Fashion) K Keela (/wiki/Keela) Kenvelo (/wiki/Kenvelo) Kim Man-Joong (/wiki/Kim_Man-Joong) Kukhareva London (/wiki/Kukhareva_London) L London Tradition (/wiki/London_Tradition) Los Angeles Apparel (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Apparel) M Mechanix Wear (/wiki/Mechanix_Wear) Michaels, Stern, and Company (/wiki/Michaels,_Stern,_and_Company) Mister Leonard (/wiki/Mister_Leonard) Thomas H. Morison (/wiki/Thomas_H._Morison) Movie Star (company) (/wiki/Movie_Star_(company)) Mufti (company) (/wiki/Mufti_(company)) P Pendleton Woolen Mills (/wiki/Pendleton_Woolen_Mills) Penmans (/wiki/Penmans) Poron Absorba (/wiki/Poron_Absorba) Portland Woolen Mills (/wiki/Portland_Woolen_Mills) Propper (/wiki/Propper) Psycho Bunny (/wiki/Psycho_Bunny) R Ruff 'n' Tumble (clothing) (/wiki/Ruff_%27n%27_Tumble_(clothing)) S Sae-A Trading (/wiki/Sae-A_Trading) Samdo (/wiki/Samdo) Werner G. Scharff (/wiki/Werner_G._Scharff) Robert Scott (businessman, born 1822) (/wiki/Robert_Scott_(businessman,_born_1822)) Sheico (/wiki/Sheico) Sinar (clothing) (/wiki/Sinar_(clothing)) Siyaram Silk Mills (/wiki/Siyaram_Silk_Mills) Society Brand Clothes (/wiki/Society_Brand_Clothes) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Stanfield's (/wiki/Stanfield%27s) Starter (clothing line) (/wiki/Starter_(clothing_line)) Sunspel (/wiki/Sunspel) T Tootal (/wiki/Tootal) TRU-SPEC (/wiki/TRU-SPEC) TWIF Clothing (/wiki/TWIF_Clothing) U UniFirst (/wiki/UniFirst) V Valley Apparel L.L.C. (/wiki/Valley_Apparel_L.L.C.) Vinatex (/wiki/Vinatex) Z Zacharias and Co. (/wiki/Zacharias_and_Co.) Zodiac Clothing Company Ltd. (/wiki/Zodiac_Clothing_Company_Ltd.) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_manufacturers&oldid=1078581222 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_manufacturers&oldid=1078581222) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing companies (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies) Businesspeople in textiles (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_textiles) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s_clothing) 1910s 1920s 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_clothing) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_clothing) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_clothing) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_clothing) 22nd 23rd 24th 25th See also: Category:1920s fashion (/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5795bc6b8c‐r2rnq Cached time: 20240719052048 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.137 seconds Real time usage: 0.241 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 97/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4066/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 22/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5843/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.103/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1028579/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 188.008 1 -total 88.15% 165.731 1 Template:Navseasoncats 11.80% 22.185 1 Template:Category_see_also 3.21% 6.043 1 Template:Title_year 1.62% 3.053 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55030864-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719052048 and revision id 941830329. Rendering was triggered because: unknown Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. 0–9 1924 clothing (/wiki/Category:1924_clothing) (1 P) 1926 clothing (/wiki/Category:1926_clothing) (1 P) 1927 clothing (/wiki/Category:1927_clothing) (1 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1920s_clothing&oldid=941830329 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1920s_clothing&oldid=941830329) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920s works (/wiki/Category:1920s_works) Clothing by decade (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_decade) 20th-century clothing (/wiki/Category:20th-century_clothing) Hidden category: Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century)
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Necktie knot The Nicky knot is a way of tying a necktie. It is a self-releasing version of the Pratt knot (/wiki/Pratt_knot) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Like the Pratt knot, it is tied inside-out. It originated in Milan, Italy and may have been named after Nikita Khrushchev (/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev) after he visited the city. The knot is larger than the Four-in-hand knot (/wiki/Four-in-hand_knot) and smaller than the Half-Windsor knot (/wiki/Half-Windsor_knot) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Using the notation of The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie , the Nicky knot is tied Lo Ci Ro Li Co T (knot 4). See also [ edit ] Pratt knot (/wiki/Pratt_knot) —a non-self-releasing variant List of knots (/wiki/List_of_knots) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Schmidt, William E. (1989-08-30). "As Neckwear Goes, This Knot's News" (https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/30/garden/as-neckwear-goes-this-knot-s-news.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2024-06-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Centeno, Antonio (2014-05-22). "How To Tie A Nicky Knot Step By Step with Infographics 2024" (https://www.realmenrealstyle.com/how-to-tie-a-tie/) . Real Men Real Style . Retrieved 2024-06-04 . v t e Necktie (/wiki/Necktie) knots (/wiki/List_of_knots) Necktie knots Four-in-hand knot (/wiki/Four-in-hand_knot) (simple or schoolboy) Grantchester knot (/wiki/Grantchester_knot) Half-Windsor knot (/wiki/Half-Windsor_knot) Pratt knot (/wiki/Pratt_knot) (Shelby) Small knot (/wiki/Small_knot) (Oriental or Kent) Windsor knot (/wiki/Windsor_knot) (full Windsor) See also The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie (/wiki/The_85_Ways_to_Tie_a_Tie) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐hwcjx Cached time: 20240712235454 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.204 seconds Real time usage: 0.278 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 297/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9099/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 243/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18918/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.150/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3423832/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 256.248 1 -total 33.48% 85.789 1 Template:Cite_news 31.49% 80.705 1 Template:Necktie_knots 30.73% 78.739 1 Template:Navbox 26.07% 66.802 1 Template:Short_description 15.31% 39.239 2 Template:Pagetype 6.30% 16.132 2 Template:Main_other 5.61% 14.373 1 Template:SDcat 2.07% 5.294 1 Template:Cite_web 0.73% 1.875 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30357161-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712235454 and revision id 1227273260. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicky_knot&oldid=1227273260 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicky_knot&oldid=1227273260) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Necktie knots (/wiki/Category:Necktie_knots) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description)
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Clothing and accessories brand of Massimo Dutti Uterqüe Company type Brand Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2008 Headquarters Tordera (/wiki/Tordera) , Barcelona (/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) Products Fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Revenue € (/wiki/Euro) 97 million (2017) [1] (#cite_note-1) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Inditex (/wiki/Inditex) Website www (http://www.uterque.com/) .uterque (http://www.uterque.com/) .com (http://www.uterque.com/) Uterqüe is a fashion (/wiki/Fashion) brand of the Spanish Inditex (/wiki/Inditex) group dedicated to accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) and garments (/wiki/Garments) such as scarves (/wiki/Scarves) and sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) . It was founded in 2008 as a company with headquarters in Tordera (/wiki/Tordera) , Barcelona (/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona) in Catalonia (/wiki/Catalonia) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In September 2021, Inditex announced the closing of all physical stores, but remaining as a brand within Massimo Dutti (/wiki/Massimo_Dutti) retail chain. [3] (#cite_note-3) The company had 90 stores in 16 countries: [4] (#cite_note-storesn-4) Africa Morocco: 1 Americas Mexico: 15 Asia Saudi Arabia: 5 Qatar: 3 Kuwait: 2 United Arab Emirates: 2 Jordan: 1 Kazakhstan: 1 Lebanon: 1 Europe Spain: 33 Russia: 13 Portugal: 6 Poland: 4 Andorra: 1 Romania: 1 Ukraine: 1 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Uterqüe, la cadena de Inditex que más crece en 2017 con Zara a la cabeza en aperturas" (https://www.modaes.es/empresa/uterque-la-cadena-de-inditex-que-mas-crece-en-2017-con-zara-a-la-cabeza-en-aperturas.html) . modaes.es . Retrieved 14 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "WorldWide - Zara Home" (https://www.zarahome.com/) . Zarahome.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Uterqüe chain will cease to exist - the owner of Zara will close all 80 stores of the brand" (https://www.malls.com/news/news/uterq-e-chain-will-cease-to-exist-the-owner-of-zara-will-close-all-80-stores-of-the-brand.shtml) . Malls.Com . 2021-09-28 . Retrieved 2022-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-storesn_4-0) "International presence" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160910035136/http://www.inditex.com/en/our_group/international_presence) . Inditex S.A. Archived from the original (http://www.inditex.com/en/our_group/international_presence) on September 10, 2016 . Retrieved June 29, 2015 . v t e Inditex (/wiki/Inditex) Bershka (/wiki/Bershka) Massimo Dutti (/wiki/Massimo_Dutti) Oysho (/wiki/Oysho) Pull&Bear (/wiki/Pull%26Bear) Stradivarius (/wiki/Stradivarius_(clothing_brand)) Uterqüe Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) Zara Home (/wiki/Zara_Home) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐wd8dr Cached time: 20240712170917 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.509 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1349/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18275/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1467/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24875/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.281/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4949742/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 477.910 1 -total 29.18% 139.468 1 Template:Infobox_company 27.83% 132.982 1 Template:Reflist 26.25% 125.432 1 Template:Infobox 24.22% 115.748 4 Template:Cite_web 22.67% 108.356 1 Template:Inditex 22.25% 106.312 1 Template:Navbox 19.80% 94.610 1 Template:Short_description 11.18% 53.443 2 Template:Pagetype 5.67% 27.083 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37626127-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712170917 and revision id 1190628706. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uterqüe&oldid=1190628706 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uterqüe&oldid=1190628706) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies based in Catalonia (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Catalonia) Spanish companies established in 2008 (/wiki/Category:Spanish_companies_established_in_2008) Clothing companies established in 2008 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2008) Retail companies established in 2008 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_2008) Inditex brands (/wiki/Category:Inditex_brands) Clothing brands of Spain (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_Spain) High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) 2021 mergers and acquisitions (/wiki/Category:2021_mergers_and_acquisitions) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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Aspect of Madonna's career Madonna with a Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) piece; it became a museum piece, [1] (#cite_note-Herald-1) and one of her most emulated outfits. [2] (#cite_note-GardeH-2) American singer-songwriter Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) has been considered a fashion and style icon (/wiki/Fashion_icon) by fashion journalism (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) and other sectors. Fashion critics, designers and scholars have examined her influence in fashion from different stages, defining views on her public image and cultural significance. Her connection with the community was once labeled a symbiotic (/wiki/Symbiotic) relationship, while her industry ventures include owning fashion brands (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) and appearing at events (/wiki/Fashion_event) such as the Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) . Madonna has collaborated with an array of people from the community, including designers, photographers and stylists. She became a muse (/wiki/Muse) for many of them, and during the MTV Generation (/wiki/MTV_Generation) , her in-depth involved collaborative friendships were credited with making routine collaborations between artists and designers, and for helping reinforce the connection with the fashion and music (/wiki/Music_and_fashion) industries further than before for different reasons. Madonna was also credited with boosting the careers of various designers, including then-emerging to as well-established ones. Some people from the industry have cited Madonna as a career influence. She became the first musician on the covers of The Big Four (/wiki/The_Big_Four_(fashion)) , and under Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) 's control, Madonna became her first musical artist to grace a Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) cover in 1989 (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_(US)_cover_models) after a notable time with a focus on fashion models (/wiki/Model_(person)) . Over decades, Madonna set various trends, and aspects of her styles, looks, and clothing influenced public, designers and other entertainers of different generations. Madonna's photoshoots and personal belongings have been displayed in museums and other exhibitions around the world. Unconventional compared to enduring glamorous icons, others have noted a significant absence of high fashion (/wiki/High_fashion) discussions. Madonna appeared on industry lists of the best and worst dresses. She also earned a reputation as a fashion provocateur, receiving criticisms from the religious sector, and from other organizations. Her provocative fashion statements, mixed with shock value (/wiki/Shock_value) received further criticism as she aged. Madonna has been also included in a number of all-time lists focused on musicians or individuals' fashion impact, including Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) ' s All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons, Style and Design (2012). In her prime both Vogue and Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) named her the "single greatest fashion influence in the world", while Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) called her "the biggest fashion icon" in early 2010s. Madonna received various awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna) for her fashion, including the first Versace Award from VH1 Fashion Awards (/wiki/VH1) in 1998. Overview [ edit ] Background [ edit ] Many authors have traced Madonna's relationship with fashion back to her childhood. Without realizing it, her father influenced her fashion awareness with the dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) imposed in her strict Catholic upbringing, seeing "how potent a certain way of dress could be". [3] (#cite_note-Foley-3) Some have pointed out that Madonna saw clothes as a tool of rebellion from early on. [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) Mary Cross (/wiki/Mary_Cross) described that after losing her mother, she "deliberately wore mismatched socks and clothes" as she refused to wear the identical outfits in which housekeeper-turned-stepmother Joan Gustafson liked to dress them. [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) She continued to express herself through fashion as a student, without shaving her underarms and not wearing make-up. [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) Mark Bego (/wiki/Mark_Bego) felt she "pioneered" new ways to get noticed on the school playground with her style and attitude. [5] (#cite_note-Bego19-5) Critical vindication [ edit ] [Madonna] forged a symbiotic relationship with the fashion community the moment she burst onto the scene in the '80s, setting trends and playing muse (/wiki/Muse) to countless designers. —Janelle Okwodu from Vogue (2021). [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) In 2014, associate professor José Blanco wrote that fashion critics (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) , designers (/wiki/Designer) and scholars have examined her influence in fashion. [7] (#cite_note-Blanco-7) In 2018, Louise Gray of i-D (/wiki/I-D) held that she "has come under scrutiny for her outfits over the best part of four decades". [8] (#cite_note-IDgray-8) Some reviewers have credited her sense of style and its evolution, as a key to her "significance" and "success", including an editor from Image (/wiki/Image_(magazine)) in 2018. [9] (#cite_note-Styli-9) [10] (#cite_note-Irish-10) In addition, Madonna was called a fashion icon (/wiki/Fashion_icon) , as well a fashion idol, influencer (/wiki/Fashion_influencer) or style icon. [11] (#cite_note-Aswal-11) [12] (#cite_note-Doonan-12) [13] (#cite_note-Koda-13) [14] (#cite_note-Hatschek-14) [15] (#cite_note-TimeFashionICon-15) In 2005, scholar Camille Paglia (/wiki/Camille_Paglia) described "she has become a fashion icon more than a music pioneer". [16] (#cite_note-Paglia05-16) Her relationship with fashion industry was described as " symbiotic (/wiki/Symbiosis) " by publications including Vogue . [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) [17] (#cite_note-Trendencias-17) In early 2000s, American costume designer Arianne Phillips (/wiki/Arianne_Phillips) referred to the "unique relationship Madonna has with fashion and fashion has with Madonna". [18] (#cite_note-WWD-18) Fashion sense [ edit ] Madonna is known for her ever-changing style, often shortened as "reinvention". [19] (#cite_note-Barcella-19) Madonna's usage and development of her fashion sense both on and off-stage have been discussed. In Oh Fashion (1994) by professors Shari Benstock (/wiki/Shari_Benstock) and Suzanne Ferriss, it was referred that fashion is something "inseparable from her aesthetic (/wiki/Aesthetic) practices", and this includes several "cultural interventions" such as her music videos (/wiki/Madonna_videography) , films (/wiki/Madonna_filmography) , TV appearances or concerts (/wiki/List_of_Madonna_concerts) in order to cultivate her image. [20] (#cite_note-Benstock176-20) Writing for The Journal of Popular Culture (/wiki/The_Journal_of_Popular_Culture) in 2015, scholar José Blanco considered she uses clothes as a "cultural signifier to communicate her persona du jour (/wiki/Du_jour) ". [7] (#cite_note-Blanco-7) For many, her looks and style were "at the center" of her staging and creative performances. [21] (#cite_note-Vertua-21) While working with Madonna, costume designer Marlene Stewart (/wiki/Marlene_Stewart_(costume_designer)) commented in 1990, that for costumes the singer thinks in terms of story and character. [3] (#cite_note-Foley-3) Arianne Phillips (/wiki/Arianne_Phillips) also remarked on her "ability to create characters and tell a story through costumes". [22] (#cite_note-PhillipsA-22) An observer also stated that she has extensively explored the roles she wishes to play when she grows up through clothing ever since. [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) In 1997, New York magazine called her self-exploration through fashion as "unprecendented" which mixes elements and explores "Western cultural history". [23] (#cite_note-Western-23) Writing for Vogue in 2023, Christian Allaire (/wiki/Christian_Allaire) acknowledged her "fashion eras" and said like a "true artist", she sees what she wears as true performance art (/wiki/Performance_art) . [24] (#cite_note-Allaire-24) Madonna referred to fashion sense in various settings; in 2007, she told the press: "I've made no secret of my love for fashion and trends". [25] (#cite_note-HH-25) Laura Tortora from Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) felt how her interview with J. Randy Taraborrelli (/wiki/J._Randy_Taraborrelli) in 1983, reveals she was "aware" of her "great potential" which prompted to conclude she would make a legacy, not only in music, but also in "the history of costume". [26] (#cite_note-Tortora-26) Styles [ edit ] Madonna (in 1987 (/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_World_Tour) , 1993 (/wiki/The_Girlie_Show_(Madonna)) and 2023 (/wiki/The_Celebration_Tour) respectively) has explored different styles, from costumes in the sense of kitsch (/wiki/Kitsch) and camp (/wiki/Camp_(style)) to masculine pieces and androgynous imagery, as well as thrift shop (/wiki/Charity_shop) , street (/wiki/Street_style) , high fashion (/wiki/High_fashion) and dirtbag-chic. The evolution of her styles and looks have been "documented through the years". [27] (#cite_note-Heart-27) It was described as an "expansive catalogue of looks". [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) Erin Skarda from Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) once praised her "control of her look[s]". [15] (#cite_note-TimeFashionICon-15) [28] (#cite_note-Cormanvice-28) By 1990, Stewart gives Madonna almost full credit for "creating" her clothing style. [3] (#cite_note-Foley-3) French fashion magazine Crash said that she is known for having "extravagant taste" when it comes to style on stage. [29] (#cite_note-Crash-29) Justyna Stępień from the University of Łódź (/wiki/University_of_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA) described her work and style as a representation of the Camp-Lite (/wiki/Camp_(style)) phenomenon. [30] (#cite_note-Stepien-30) J. Randy Taraborrelli (/wiki/J._Randy_Taraborrelli) wrote that religious symbols (/wiki/Religious_symbol) became a crucial part of her fashion. [31] (#cite_note-Tara-31) Sydney Nowak of KOST (/wiki/KOST) noted she brings a tinge of grunge (/wiki/Grunge_fashion) to various outfits. [32] (#cite_note-KOST-32) She wore long dresses several times in the mid-1990s. [26] (#cite_note-Tortora-26) Among the different aesthetics explored by Madonna, are cowgirl (/wiki/Cowgirl) , ghetto fabulous (/wiki/Ghetto_fabulous) , military, masculine pieces and androgynous imagery. [33] (#cite_note-Blanco2-33) She has also sported thrift shop (/wiki/Charity_shop) looks, [34] (#cite_note-QueenF-34) and high fashion (/wiki/High_fashion) . [35] (#cite_note-Faith169-35) In early 2020s, Vogue noted her off-stage aesthetic of "dirtbag-chic" style. [36] (#cite_note-dirtbad-36) She has also paid tribute through clothes to other women such as Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) , Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) and Eva Perón (/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n) . [34] (#cite_note-QueenF-34) [37] (#cite_note-Sollosi-37) Activities and work references [ edit ] Madonna singing " Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)) " in her The MDNA Tour (/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour) . An editor of Time called it as perhaps "the most fashion song of all time". [38] (#cite_note-Berry-38) Madonna attended to various Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) , with her first being in 1997. [39] (#cite_note-Glendinning-39) She also participated in a number of fashion runways (/wiki/Fashion_runway) , including Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) 's 1992 amfAR (/wiki/AmfAR) runway where it showed a topless (/wiki/Topless) Madonna; the staff of Billboard included that moment among "the most iconic moments in the history of fashion, music or breasts". [40] (#cite_note-topless-40) She closed the Gaultier 1995 Spring Collection, wearing a slip dress and pushing an antique baby carriage from which she lifted a young pup. [41] (#cite_note-pup-41) Back in 1992, Madonna participated in a Dolce and Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_and_Gabbana) runway show, and American fashion historian Valerie Steele (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) considered it publicized their friendship. [42] (#cite_note-Steele-42) AnnaSophia Robb (/wiki/AnnaSophia_Robb) at Madonna's Fashion Evolutions (2013) exhibition at Macy's. [43] (#cite_note-robb-43) Fashion connotations of her works have been addressed. In 2011, Thomas R. Harrison, an associate professor at Jacksonville University (/wiki/Jacksonville_University) , wrote " Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)) " showcased her "knowledge" of the professional fashion industry. [44] (#cite_note-Harrison-44) For Allison Berry from Time magazine, this single is perhaps "the most fashion song of all time"; Berry also noted that with the spoken word (/wiki/Spoken_word) Strike a Pose she pays tribute to fashion icons of Hollywood. [38] (#cite_note-Berry-38) British author Lucy O'Brien (/wiki/Lucy_O%27Brien) noticed that " Dress You Up (/wiki/Dress_You_Up) " uses fashion as a metaphor, as is sung "by a woman clearly addicted to clothes". [45] (#cite_note-O'Brien-45) The video of " American Life (/wiki/American_Life_(song)) " was seen as a reflection of anti-fashion (/wiki/Anti-fashion) industry statements. [46] (#cite_note-Gnojewski-46) Madonna told Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) during the premiere of her documentary film Madame X (2021) that she has preserved many of her outfits and her fashion archive is located in Brooklyn. [47] (#cite_note-Euro-47) In 2013, Madonna hand-picked pieces from her fashion archives, and contributed to Madonna's Fashion Evolutions , a pop-up exhibition (/wiki/Pop-up_exhibition) on the history of fashion archival at Macy's curated and styled by Arianne Phillips. The singer declared: "... exhibition will give my fans a great opportunity to see the evolution of my style over the years". [48] (#cite_note-Phillips2-48) Criticisms and ambiguities [ edit ] The Queen of Pop is known for creating fashion moments that were either full of controversial matter or pushed the needle forward when it comes to the conversation of fashion. —Jacorey Moon of Yahoo (/wiki/Yahoo) (2021). [49] (#cite_note-Ya-49) Authors of The 1980s (2007), suggested "Madonna's influence on fashion eclipsed her music". [50] (#cite_note-Batchelor-50) Back in 1990, Barbara Foley from Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) , held she received better commentaries for her fashion sense than any of her other roles. [3] (#cite_note-Foley-3) Madonna built a reputation as a fashion provocateur, as Megan Friedman from Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) noted in 2016, she has "spent decades wearing outrageous outfits and stoking controversy". [51] (#cite_note-Friedman-51) Bimini Bon Boulash (/wiki/Bimini_Bon_Boulash) noted and referred to the "countless articles" on Google's results for her "most shocking outfits of all time". [52] (#cite_note-Boulash-52) American critic Christopher Glazek (/wiki/Christopher_Glazek) also commented that her costume changes "attracted harassment from tabloid moralists". [53] (#cite_note-Glazek-53) It intensified while aging. [51] (#cite_note-Friedman-51) [53] (#cite_note-Glazek-53) In Too Much (2020), author said "Madonna is perhaps the most famous example of a woman rigorously censured for dressing provocatively". [54] (#cite_note-Cote-54) Madonna also received criticism for her religious-mixed fashion (/wiki/Madonna_and_religion) , [55] (#cite_note-Atkinson-55) and at some stage of her career from animal rights groups like PETA (/wiki/PETA) , including in 2006 and 2007. [56] (#cite_note-Peta1-56) [57] (#cite_note-Peta2-57) In 2004, rabbi Shmuley Boteach (/wiki/Shmuley_Boteach) criticized Madonna for helping create a "tragic world" among American adolescent girls with her fashion. [58] (#cite_note-Boteach-58) External image Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) dressed Madonna with a bra (https://twitter.com/jpgaultier/status/1312498057192251393?lang=en) that exposed her nipples in front of a 6,000-person audience in 1992. It's considered one of her most controversial looks. [59] (#cite_note-Nipple-59) Friedman, however, commenting about her "too-revealing" outfits as an aged woman, opined is how Madonna is, so some " shock value (/wiki/Shock_value) " is to be expected. [51] (#cite_note-Friedman-51) For Lauren Alexis Fisher of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , she "mastered the art of shocking people through fashion". [60] (#cite_note-Fisher-60) In 2022, Jacorey Moon from Yahoo similarly agree that she always creates eye-catching fashion moments. [49] (#cite_note-Ya-49) To Laura Craik of The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Madonna has been "brazen and unapologetic", but found it paved the way for a host of female performers to take to the stage wearing liberating, provocative costumes that defined their sexuality on their own terms. [61] (#cite_note-at60-61) On the other hand, Pamela Church Gibson of London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) noted a significant absence of academic discussion around her figure within the pantheon of high fashion (/wiki/High_fashion) . [62] (#cite_note-Church_Gibson-62) Worst and best dressed rankings [ edit ] Madonna has been included in media polls for worst and best dressed over the years. She was simultaneously included in both categories of Rolling Stone ' s annual polls in 1985, [63] (#cite_note-Sexton-63) and in Spin (/wiki/Spin_(magazine)) ' s first annual readers poll in 1989, where she was ranked first in both categories. The magazine staff declared: "Madonna: Breaking down the boundaries of good and bad taste". [64] (#cite_note-SPIN89-64) In 1999, Vogue included her in the 100 Best Dressed List, [65] (#cite_note-V99-65) while she tied with Cher (/wiki/Cher) on People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) ' s Hall of Fame of the worsts dressed, with seven appearance each until 2004. [66] (#cite_note-P2004-66) She also appeared at Richard Blackwell (/wiki/Richard_Blackwell) 's Worst Dressed list (created in 1960), topping the 1992 list, and with fashion critic referring to her a "bare-bottomed bore of Babylon". [67] (#cite_note-BlackwellLists-67) For particular events, she was also ranked in media polls, including among the worst dressed during the 2016 Met Gala, which she defined as a fashion political statement. [68] (#cite_note-MET2016-68) Collaborations and friendship with fashion designers [ edit ] From left to right: Madonna with Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) during the Rebel Heart Tour (/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour) (2016) and with Jeremy Scott (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott) at the 2017 Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) . She became the face of various fashion campaigns (#Madonna_fashion_brands_and_endorsements) and a muse to other designers. [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) In 2021, Euronews (/wiki/Euronews) / Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) noted her collaborations within different designer labels in her "lengthy career". [47] (#cite_note-Euro-47) According to Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , then-rumored featuring costume pieces from 14 designers at Re-Invention World Tour (/wiki/Re-Invention_World_Tour) would represent an "industry record". [18] (#cite_note-WWD-18) Regarding her long-time collaborative friendship with Gaultier, fashion journalist Tim Blanks (/wiki/Tim_Blanks) retrospectively called the duo as "the quintessential rock star-fashion designer relationship" with a "mutually beneficial connection". [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) Tom Rasmussen from Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) stated in 2018: "Gaultier and Madonna made each other in so many ways. She gave him international notoriety, while he gave her cone-shaped breasts". [69] (#cite_note-Dzed-69) Paloma Herce of Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) goes on to say that the singer-designer tandem (/wiki/Tandem) had never made more sense with them. [70] (#cite_note-Herce-70) Madonna's impact on designer careers [ edit ] [Madonna has] boosting the careers of established as well as up-and-coming designers. In short, she dominated the fashion world as well as the pop world. —Christopher Turner (2021). [71] (#cite_note-TurnerC-71) Publications and authors noted and discussed how Madonna impacted various designers' careers during the height of career. In 2018, Mexican newspaper El Universal (/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)) credited her for boosting the career of "several" then-emerging designers like Olivier Theyskens (/wiki/Olivier_Theyskens) , as well how others from Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) to Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , "benefited" from dressing her. [72] (#cite_note-TFord-72) Other publications have endorsed same or other examples, including Gaultier. [13] (#cite_note-Koda-13) [71] (#cite_note-TurnerC-71) [73] (#cite_note-FWM-73) With regard to Theyskens, Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_(magazine)) magazine stated in 2019 that she essentially put him "on the map". [74] (#cite_note-Gan-74) [39] (#cite_note-Glendinning-39) Arianne Phillips (/wiki/Arianne_Phillips) told Daphne Merkin (/wiki/Daphne_Merkin) in 2011, "she's eclipsed my career". [22] (#cite_note-PhillipsA-22) In sum, Laura Craik from The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) commented in 2018, that Madonna's patronage was guaranteed to catapult designers to the next level, whether they were a fledgling designer or a well-established one. [61] (#cite_note-at60-61) Madonna and her then-boyfriend, American model-actor Tony Ward (/wiki/Tony_Ward_(model)) in 1990. Madonna also impacted some fashion house' brands. Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) "received their first international recognition thanks" to Madonna, according to independent scholar Juliana Tzvetkova, [75] (#cite_note-Tzvetkova-75) and author Brian Moeran wrote in The Magic of Fashion (2016), that she "catapulted the designer duo into the limelight". [76] (#cite_note-Moeran-76) In House of Versace (2010), Deborah Ball discussed Madonna's impact on Versace (/wiki/Versace) , saying the 1995 ads featuring her were "breakthrough", creating an association between the house and celebrities that garnered endless press coverage. After Madonna, Ball comments, Donatella (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) drafted one celebrity after another. [77] (#cite_note-Bal-77) Nikolay Anguelov from the University of Massachusetts (/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts) , made a similar observation, saying that when Gianni (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) hired Madonna for their 1995 campaign, it was a time when the employment of celebrities as models was not common, and thereafter it became not only common, but preferred. [78] (#cite_note-Anguelov-78) Others have addressed Madonna's impact on brands such as Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) and Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . [13] (#cite_note-Koda-13) [17] (#cite_note-Trendencias-17) Madonna helped gave hype in her generation to brand shoes from designers such as Manolo Blahnik (/wiki/Manolo_Blahnik) , [79] (#cite_note-Nowell-79) and Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) . [80] (#cite_note-Calboli-80) She has had relationships with models such as Tony Ward (/wiki/Tony_Ward_(model)) and Jesus Luz (/wiki/Jesus_Luz) , which have benefited their careers, according to the media. From Asian News International (/wiki/Asian_News_International) to The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , they addressed Madonna's impact on Luz's career. [81] (#cite_note-Luz1-81) [82] (#cite_note-Luz2-82) Andy Lecompte, her hairstylist (/wiki/Hairstylist) , told Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) about the benefits of working with Madonna in his career. [83] (#cite_note-Lecompte-83) Attributed effects in the industry [ edit ] Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) ' s Kristopher Fraser recalls examples previous Madonna of singer/designer relationship and fashion houses, but noted "Madonna is widely credited with transforming" it. [84] (#cite_note-Fraser-84) One of them, is Marissa Muller from MTV (/wiki/MTV) who commented that before artists and brand collaborations were an every news item, Madonna was "bridging the worlds of music and fashion" with these alliances. [85] (#cite_note-MullerMTV-85) Although there were precursors, the same editor writing for W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) credited her as the first artist to make collaborations between designers "routine". [86] (#cite_note-WMagazine-86) British cultural historian Stephen Gundle (/wiki/Stephen_Gundle) gone further claiming that Madonna's collaborations with fashion designers "inspired a whole series of developments in popular music and entertainment", further saying that "new synergies occurred between different sectors". [87] (#cite_note-Gundle-87) Jacob Bernstein from The New York Times made similar connotations, stating that Madonna opened a "standard operating procedure" but with stylists. He noted how a new generation of singers and actresses got stylists of their own (/wiki/Personal_stylist) , even ranked annually by The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . [88] (#cite_note-NYT60-88) Fashion and artistic photography [ edit ] Aside from fashion designers, Madonna has closely worked with various fashion (/wiki/Fashion_photographer) , fine-art (/wiki/Fine-art_photography) photographers and portraits (/wiki/Portrait_photography) . Photographic critic Vince Aletti (/wiki/Vince_Aletti) described it as "rich creative relationships". [89] (#cite_note-Aletti-89) In Madonna: Like an Icon (/wiki/Madonna:_Like_an_Icon) (2007), Lucy O'Brien (/wiki/Lucy_O%27Brien) described how various of them used Madonna as their muse. [90] (#cite_note-O'Brien391-90) Before fame, she worked as a nude model (/wiki/Model_(art)) in art schools (/wiki/Art_school) for photographers such as Martin Schreiber (/wiki/Martin_H._M._Schreiber) and Lee Friedlander (/wiki/Lee_Friedlander) . [91] (#cite_note-Schreiber-91) She also forged collaborative friendships with directors and videomakers. [92] (#cite_note-DW-92) To Aletti, "photographic image has been at the forefront of Madonna's rise to iconic status". [89] (#cite_note-Aletti-89) He said, Madonna doesn't merely pose for photographers like Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) , Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) and Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) , she explicitly collaborates in the process. [93] (#cite_note-Schonauer-93) For French academic Georges-Claude Guilbert (/wiki/Georges-Claude_Guilbert) , after Madonna, the possibilities offered by the global village were never so "astutely exploited". [94] (#cite_note-Guilbert50-94) She was regarded as one of the most photographed women in her generation, [94] (#cite_note-Guilbert50-94) with at some point, sources like The British Journal of Photography (/wiki/The_British_Journal_of_Photography) in 2006, called her as perhaps "the most photographed woman in the world". [95] (#cite_note-BJP-95) [96] (#cite_note-Landrum276-96) Photo exhibitions [ edit ] Madonna's photos have been displayed in galleries or museums like National Portrait Gallery, London (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) ( pictured ). Many of Madonna's photoshoots have been displayed in arts festivals (/wiki/Arts_festival) , pop-up exhibitions (/wiki/Pop-up_exhibition) , galleries and other multimedia exhibitions around the world. [97] (#cite_note-Schwichtenberg256-97) In early 1990s, media scholar David Tetzlaff noted how many of her photos were labeled as "art". [97] (#cite_note-Schwichtenberg256-97) Madonna's image has been displayed at the National Portrait Gallery, United States (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)) by photographs taken by Francesco Scavullo (/wiki/Francesco_Scavullo) , Kate Simon (/wiki/Kate_Simon_(photographer)) and Jeri Heiden, [98] (#cite_note-98) [99] (#cite_note-99) [100] (#cite_note-100) and is represented in the National Portrait Gallery, London (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London) by five photographs—two by Eric Watson (/wiki/Eric_Watson_(photographer)) and Testino each and one by Dafydd Jones. [101] (#cite_note-101) Some examples in the 21st century include Schreibers' Madonna nude photos as part of the 2009 Brighton Fringe (/wiki/Brighton_Fringe) festival. [91] (#cite_note-Schreiber-91) They also went on display at the Australian Color Factory in 2016 under the title The Madonna Nudes II , as well as the 2022 Isetan (/wiki/Isetan) exhibition Star Portrait: Young Marilyn and Madonna . [102] (#cite_note-Schreiber2-102) [103] (#cite_note-Schreiber3-103) Richard Corman (/wiki/Richard_Corman_(photographer)) installed Madonna – A Transformational Exhibition in 2013, which was a multimedia tour of Madonna's photographs taken by himself and displayed at W Hotels (/wiki/W_Hotels) across the world. [104] (#cite_note-Corman1-104) [105] (#cite_note-Corman2-105) In 2016, a Spanish exhibition named Madonna. El nacimiento de un mito was on display featuring her photos taken by Deborah Feingol, Peter Cunningham (/wiki/Peter_Cunningham_(photographer)) and George DuBose. [106] (#cite_note-mito-106) [107] (#cite_note-mito2-107) The 50-photo exhibition was presented at cultural center La Térmica (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_T%C3%A9rmica) , and it included two videos from two artists, an artwork by Silvia Prada (/wiki/Silvia_Prada) , and an installation where the audience "can be Madonna". [107] (#cite_note-mito2-107) In 2022, Japanese photographer Kenji Wakasugi exhibited Madonna - 1985 par Kenji Wakasugi at Galerie de l'Instant in France. [108] (#cite_note-VogueFR-108) In September 2023, Italian photographic duo, Luigi & Iango exhibited "Unveiled" at the Royal Palace of Milan (/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Milan) , having many photos of celebrities and with an entire room dedicated to Madonna. [109] (#cite_note-Luigi-109) Impact on some photographers/videographers [ edit ] Madonna has a long history with film. It's not her acting career that distinguishes the pop star, but her uncanny ability to spot up-and-coming directors before they've hit it big. —Abby Dupes, Town & Country (2021). [110] (#cite_note-TownCountry-110) A number of publications and photographers (and directors) themselves commented on the impact of Madonna on their careers, with authors Howie Singer and Bill Rosenblatt commenting she gave them "a higher profile and bigger budget opportunities". [111] (#cite_note-Singer-111) In 2004, fashion journalist Katie Grand (/wiki/Katie_Grand) noted constant references of Madonna in the works of Mert and Marcus (/wiki/Mert_and_Marcus) . [112] (#cite_note-Grand-112) Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) stated he became known outside of his business. [113] (#cite_note-Testino2-113) In a conversation with Nigel Farndale (/wiki/Nigel_Farndale) , he further explained that she was the first non-model to collaborate with him and credited: "With her I knew I had discovered my style". [114] (#cite_note-Testino-114) Regarding Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) , an author described his photographs of Madonna "put him in the public eye and increased his popularity". [115] (#cite_note-Wooster-115) The photographer himself credited her when shoot "The Beast Within" in 2004: "Now it's commonplace, but at that time, shooting film and stills simultaneously was kind of unexpected. Madonna pushed me to do that, in a way, because she would never really give me more than one day to do anything. I owe her my film career, in that sense". [116] (#cite_note-Meisel2-116) Similarly, Madonna persuaded Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) to make his videography (/wiki/Videography) debut, and finally directed her video " Cherish (/wiki/Cherish_(Madonna_song)) ". [117] (#cite_note-Andrews-117) Ritts told American Photo in 1989, "I don't know the first thing about video", admits, "but Madonna kept hounding me to do one for her, so I figured I'd give it a try". [118] (#cite_note-Ritts2-118) Portuguese-born Paris-based fashion photographer, Ricardo Gomes, became a frequent collaborator since 2019, and credited the singer to push him. [119] (#cite_note-GomesR-119) Cover girl [ edit ] See also: Madonna in media (/wiki/Madonna_in_media) Madonna on Music Connection (/wiki/Music_Connection) magazine cover for March 1985 Madonna also made an impact in the industry with her magazine (/wiki/Magazine) covers as a cover (/wiki/Cover_girl) / pin-up (/wiki/Pin-up_model) girl. American pop culture editor Matthew Rettenmund (/wiki/Matthew_Rettenmund) opined that she "made the act of being on the cover of a magazine into an art form (/wiki/Art_form) " taking her covers "seriously". [120] (#cite_note-Rettenmund4-120) In Hollywood Goes Shopping (2000), David Desser (/wiki/David_Desser) and Garth Jowett commented that she exploited the "model-like" look variegation. [121] (#cite_note-Desser-121) In 2021, a Vogue editor proclaimed in a headline that "she still as the ultimate Vogue cover star". [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) In 2020, Charlie Gowans-Eglinton, fashion editor of The New Zealand Herald (/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald) reflected about her early influence naming her a "poster girl", while acknowledges her continued presence on magazine covers as an aged pop star. [1] (#cite_note-Herald-1) Achievements [ edit ] Madonna has achieved various feats in the sector. She is the first female entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) to grace a Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) cover according to themselves. [122] (#cite_note-Forbescover-122) Madonna became the inaugural cover for publications such as Spin (1985), Greek magazine Pop Corn (1985) and Shock (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premios_SHOCK) from Colombia (1995). [123] (#cite_note-SPINrecord-123) [124] (#cite_note-Popcorn-124) [125] (#cite_note-Schok1-125) She was also the inaugural cover girl of Glamour ' s Women of the Year (/wiki/Glamour_Awards) issues. [126] (#cite_note-Gla-126) It's believed that Gaultier was the first designer to be featured on a magazine cover when he appeared on Glamour along with Madonna in 1990, according to an article from Madonna's official website. [127] (#cite_note-fir-127) Under Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) 's control, she became her first singer to be pictured on the cover of (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_(US)_cover_models) Vogue , marked after a notable focus on models. [128] (#cite_note-WintourVogue-128) Madonna also became the first singer to grace the covers of The Big Four (/wiki/The_Big_Four_(fashion)) and the only one until Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) matched this in 2021. [129] (#cite_note-BigFour-129) In 2021, Madonna was the inaugural issue for L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) Ibiza. [130] (#cite_note-Ibiza-130) About this collaboration, the magazine commented: "This project was born to pay a tribute to a contemporary icon who has defined, influenced and informed today's culture and aesthetics through her music and style". [130] (#cite_note-Ibiza-130) In 2022, Madonna was part of the first-ever NFT (/wiki/NFT) magazine covers designed by an NFT artist after Billboard partnership with World of Women. [131] (#cite_note-NFTcover-131) In January 2023, Madonna made the inaugural cover for Vanity Fair ' s European special issues "Icon" that cover their Italian, French and Spanish editions. [132] (#cite_note-VFI-132) The annual issue was made to celebrate the stars who "contribute[s] to shape the modern culture". [133] (#cite_note-Iconissue-133) Madonna also appeared more than any other person on the covers of Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) and Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . [134] (#cite_note-Mi-134) [135] (#cite_note-Oniel-135) She is the international female artist with most cover appearances in Spanish magazine Shangay (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangay_(revista)) (8). [136] (#cite_note-Shangay-136) Madonna is the female artist with the most cover appearances on (/wiki/Lists_of_people_on_the_United_States_cover_of_Rolling_Stone) Rolling Stone either alone or including "collage" photoshoots, according to themselves. [137] (#cite_note-RSrecord-137) [138] (#cite_note-RSrecord2-138) She was also the first female figure on a cover for their special issues "Collectors edition". [139] (#cite_note-CollectorE-139) As of 2009, Madonna was the 10th person with most People cover magazines (13). [140] (#cite_note-People2-140) Impact in the sector and depictions [ edit ] Madonna on her first Vogue cover (May 1989). Though there existed magazines like Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) featuring movie stars on their covers (including Madonna back in 1988 (/wiki/List_of_Harper%27s_Bazaar_US_cover_models) ), [141] (#cite_note-WinPais-141) as well other musicians donned magazines covers long before her, South African website News24 (/wiki/News24_(website)) , explained that it may be "hard to believe", but there was a time when models preferably donned the covers of glossy magazines (/wiki/Slick_(magazine_format)) while celebrities/singers made their appearance on the pages inside. This was regarded as the norm, until Anna Wintour arrived at Vogue and put Madonna on the cover of Vogue , instead of a model, the website concludes. [142] (#cite_note-New24-142) That decision was predicted to be a failure and received criticism from journals like The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , according to El País (/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs) . [141] (#cite_note-WinPais-141) Wintour herself, declared that having Madonna was considered controversial at that time. [128] (#cite_note-WintourVogue-128) Back in 1999, Alex Kuczynski (/wiki/Alex_Kuczynski) from The New York Times dedicated an article where it was discussed how celebrities were changing the old-time-focus of models on women's magazine (/wiki/Women%27s_magazine) covers, including commentaries made by Wintour and Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) ' s founder Linda Wells (/wiki/Linda_Wells) . [143] (#cite_note-Kcuzy-143) El País explained that most of those magazines, including Vogue , were began shifting more to young readers and Wintour was also trying to put Madonna to show the variety of where fashion comes from and reflect what is happening in the culture. [141] (#cite_note-WinPais-141) In the process, as noted New York magazine in 1999, Wintour received criticisms for made Vogue "too commercial", but they also found various of these magazines increased their circulation print. [144] (#cite_note-Circulation-144) Editor Ben Widdicombe explained that fashion magazines of that time "provide a uniquely quantifiable gauge for the rise of celebrity influence" concluding that "everything changed" when Madonna appeared on the covers of British and American Vogue in 1989. [145] (#cite_note-Widdicombe-145) Journalists from Hank Stuever (/wiki/Hank_Stuever) ( Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) ) to Emily Nussbaum (/wiki/Emily_Nussbaum) ( New York ) have elaborated articles highlighting her magazine covers. [146] (#cite_note-Stuever1-146) [147] (#cite_note-Stuever-147) Rettenmund also created a listicle (/wiki/Listicle) for Logo TV (/wiki/Logo_TV) in 2018, and in 2014 for his own blog, BoyCulture, of her greatest and essential magazine covers, respectively. [148] (#cite_note-Logo-148) [120] (#cite_note-Rettenmund4-120) Jann S. Wenner (/wiki/Jann_S._Wenner) included her in the book Rolling Stone 50 Years of Covers (2018). [149] (#cite_note-Wenner-149) Fashion trends [ edit ] A wax statue representing her " Open Your Heart (/wiki/Open_Your_Heart_(Madonna_song)) "-style. Madonna is reported to popularize/revive the bustier (/wiki/Bustier) usage in her generation. [150] (#cite_note-Cramer-150) Over the course of various decades, Madonna earned a reputation as a fashion trendsetter. In Hollywood Goes Shopping (2000), David Desser (/wiki/David_Desser) and Garth Jowett named her a "perpetual fashion" trendsetter. [121] (#cite_note-Desser-121) The reputation drastically changed turning the 21st century, although editors from some fashion magazines including British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue , Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) and American Vogue referred she continued to hold the status. [151] (#cite_note-VogueUK-151) [152] (#cite_note-Charlotte-152) [24] (#cite_note-Allaire-24) In 2000, American fashion scholar Harold Koda (/wiki/Harold_Koda) explained her effect on public, saying she helped garments enter into "cultural consciousness". [13] (#cite_note-Koda-13) The same year, Kal Ruttenstein from Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) describes that her influence "validates". [13] (#cite_note-Koda-13) In 1990, fashion editor Robin Givhan (/wiki/Robin_Givhan) dedicated an article where explored how many followed her style, saying "It's the trickle-down effect that is so scary — the vast power that Madonna wields over the styles of the masses". [153] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh-153) Critical commentaries [ edit ] There are few musical artists who can say they began their career by simultaneously igniting a whole new fashion craze, but it's precisely what the singer did back in 1983. —Christian Allaire, Vogue (2023). [24] (#cite_note-Allaire-24) Multiple fashion magazines noted how some trends initiated or propelled by Madonna have either remained or emerged again years later. On this, an editor of L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) commented in 2020, that she marked "real periods". [21] (#cite_note-Vertua-21) In 2015, Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) also mentioned "she cemented looks that remain culturally significant today". [154] (#cite_note-Bazzar2015-154) In 2021, Daisy Maldonado from Yahoo! (/wiki/Yahoo!) described how she "catapulted trends we still wear today", prompting to add "world still following her trends". [155] (#cite_note-Yahoo-155) The same year, Carmen Martínez Pita from Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) explored trends propelled by Madonna that are still in use. [156] (#cite_note-Cosmo-156) In 2023, Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) Italia analyzed Madonna's trends of a 40-year career through her hair, described as a Hairpedia , saying some of them still being sported. [157] (#cite_note-Hairpedia-157) Design historian (/wiki/Design_historian) Jennifer Grayer Moore, delineates Madonna as a "catalyst for myriad long-lived fashion trends". [158] (#cite_note-Moore115-158) Selected examples [ edit ] See also: Madonna and religion § Religious symbolisms as fashion (/wiki/Madonna_and_religion#Religious_symbolisms_as_fashion) A person with a Madonna piercing (/wiki/Madonna_piercing) , a lip piercing (/wiki/Lip_piercing) that mimics Madonna's beauty spot [159] (#cite_note-Steinmetzer-159) Madonna was a conduit to propel some existing or previous accessories and styles, with fashion editor Robin Givhan (/wiki/Robin_Givhan) commenting on the point, "although she's not the originator of such styles [...] she has brought them into the mainstream". [153] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh-153) Therefore, credits include lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) as daywear, [155] (#cite_note-Yahoo-155) or popularizing the bustier (/wiki/Bustier) fashion look. [160] (#cite_note-Sims-160) A number of publications have cited Madonna as the catalyst for starting the underwear as outerwear (/wiki/Underwear_as_outerwear) trend into the mainstream, including Givhan and Vogue . [161] (#cite_note-Bell-161) [162] (#cite_note-under-162) [153] (#cite_note-Pittsburgh-153) In 2015, Harper's Bazaar commented that "pop stars still swear by her underwear-worn-as-outerwear look". [154] (#cite_note-Bazzar2015-154) Madonna helped to propel the ponytail (/wiki/Ponytail) style in her generation, as she wore a sky-high blonde ponytail during her Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990. An observer said: "I think that totally transformed how people saw the style, and absolutely launched its renaissance in fashion". [163] (#cite_note-Pony1-163) According to Beth Shapouri from Glamour , Madonna's Blond Ambition ponytail is easily one of the most iconic hairstyles of all time. [164] (#cite_note-Pony2-164) In Sociology (2013), authors explained she helped pioneered a new style of celebrity involving genderbending (/wiki/Genderbending) . [165] (#cite_note-Krieken-165) Madonna also found impact using Asian fashion imagery in her early decades. Academics Douglas Kellner (/wiki/Douglas_Kellner) and Rhonda Hammer, concurred that "although Madonna did not initiate the Indian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_in_India) accessories beauty", she did propel it into the public eye by attracting the attention of the worldwide media. [166] (#cite_note-Hammer-166) Professor Christopher Partridge (/wiki/Christopher_Partridge) , similarly observed that "since Madonna first put Indian cultural symbols on the global fashion map, henna, bindis and Indian sartorial designs have become part of the global culture". Partridge, further adds that Madonna "ensured the Hindu invasion of Western popular musical space and made South Asian popular culture globally visible". [167] (#cite_note-Partridge-167) Other authors like academic Madhulika S. Khandelwal, have cited Madonna as an important medium for popularizing mehndi (/wiki/Mehndi) (henna tattoos) in the 1990s. [168] (#cite_note-Khandelwal-168) [169] (#cite_note-Litt-169) Retail and campaigns [ edit ] Shortly after her debut, Madonna inspired clothing and beauty products. Her forays would eventually include her own fashion brands (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) by late 2000s. In mid-1980s, manufacturers, including a company called 1045 Park Avenue, began to produce MTV (/wiki/MTV) -inspired fashion with key aspects of Madonna looks at that time. [158] (#cite_note-Moore115-158) Fashion designer Maripol (/wiki/Maripol) also ran a boutique in the East Village, New York City, called "Maripolitan" where some items were officially licensed by Madonna. Its selling and distribution was limited to the city. [158] (#cite_note-Moore115-158) Madonna signed a merchandising deal with a clothing manufacturer called Entertainers Merchandise Management Corp. and they operated under the name of Wazoo fashions. In turn, Wazoo distributed official Madonna clothes to department stores across the country, including Bullock's (/wiki/Bullock%27s) and Merry-Go-Round (/wiki/Merry-Go-Round_(retailer)) stores in shopping malls. [170] (#cite_note-Bego128-170) In 1985, Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) opened up the department store "Madonnaland" selling clothes modeled after Madonna's style. [171] (#cite_note-Dickinson-171) Many other retailers followed suit. [172] (#cite_note-Brown-172) The release of the movie Evita (/wiki/Evita_(1996_film)) (1996), inspired clothing and accessories by Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_S.p.A.) , cosmetics from Estée Lauder (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) , and clothing in nine Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) shops. [173] (#cite_note-Evitaline-173) Lipsticks [ edit ] Three lipsticks (/wiki/Lipstick) have been created for Madonna. Laura Mercier (/wiki/Laura_Mercier) created the lipstick "M" for her film Evita (/wiki/Evita_(1996_film)) (1996). [174] (#cite_note-Pallingston-174) The singer gave Mercier permission to market the shade as "Madonna Lip Color" becoming the first time she has allowed her name to be attached to a cosmetic product. [175] (#cite_note-Mercier2-175) [176] (#cite_note-Mercier3-176) Make Up For Ever (/wiki/Make_Up_For_Ever) and make-up artist Gina Brooke created the "Aqua Rogue/Iconic Red" (shade #8) for Madonna to wear on her MDNA Tour (/wiki/MDNA_Tour) in 2012, [177] (#cite_note-Brooke-177) embraced by celebrities like Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) according to Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [178] (#cite_note-Ss-178) Poppy King (/wiki/Poppy_King) believes that Madonna "ushered red lipstick back in as a symbol of strength" and of "glamorous rebellion". [179] (#cite_note-King-179) Russian Red (MAC Cosmetics): The "Russian Red" is the lipstick created by MAC Cosmetics (/wiki/MAC_Cosmetics) , to wear on her Blond Ambition World Tour (/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour) in 1990. [180] (#cite_note-Blumenthal-180) Joanne Gair (/wiki/Joanne_Gair) called it the bespoke MAC shade. [181] (#cite_note-Gari-181) The singer is credited with making it popular, [182] (#cite_note-Ells-182) and an editor extensively explored how it made an impact for the Canadian brand. [183] (#cite_note-shade-183) According to various fashion-targeted magazines in the 2010s and 2020s, it went to become a bestseller and still stands strong after decades. [184] (#cite_note-Fashionista-184) [185] (#cite_note-Claire-185) [186] (#cite_note-RedRussian-186) Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) commented "it's been a cult classic ever since", [187] (#cite_note-Allure-187) while Paloma Abad from Vogue Spain called it as "one of the seven cosmetic wonders. [186] (#cite_note-RedRussian-186) Fashion dolls [ edit ] A Madonna fashion doll inspired in one of her outfits of the Blond Ambition World Tour Author Bruce Wexler explained that "fashion icons such as Jackie Kennedy and Madonna have also inspired Barbies clothes". [188] (#cite_note-Wexler-188) According to ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) , in the 1980s Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) "made a strong fashion statement" wearing outrageous, over-the-top outfits "inspired by MTV and Madonna". [189] (#cite_note-Barbie-189) Professor Ann duCille (/wiki/Ann_duCille) commented about a time when Madonna "transformed underwear into outerwear" while Barbie also took to the streets in such clothes as see-through bustiers and spandex leggins. [190] (#cite_note-duCille-190) In 1987, author Cy Schneider (/wiki/Cy_Schneider) noticed Madonna-inspired looks in Jem (/wiki/Jem_(TV_series)) fashion dolls. [191] (#cite_note-Schneider-191) Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) Italian collaborators Mario Paglino and Gianni Grossi, known as Magia 2000, have portrayed Madonna in several fashion dolls that have been featured in a number of magazines and websites worldwide. They claimed that the singer inspired their foray into this field. [192] (#cite_note-Pagli-192) Madonna fashion brands and endorsements [ edit ] Main article: Madonna fashion brands (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) A Madonna's H&M (/wiki/H%26M) billboard in Belgium Madonna became the face of multiple campaigns of fashion houses. In 1999, she became the face of a Max Factor (/wiki/Max_Factor) campaign. [193] (#cite_note-Factor-193) She also became the face of multiples Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) campaigns. [194] (#cite_note-Vuitton-194) [195] (#cite_note-Versacetimes-195) Madonna also created her own fashion brands. In 2007, she launched in association with H&M (/wiki/H%26M) a clothing line called "M by Madonna", the first collection of clothes she designed. According to Hindustan Times (/wiki/Hindustan_Times) , she also became the "first celebrity with no designing experience to infiltrate the superstore's shelves". [196] (#cite_note-HT-196) Upon the launch of the "Material Girl" line in 2010, Erin Skarda from Time magazine said she stepped up her role in fashion. [15] (#cite_note-TimeFashionICon-15) In 2014, Madonna launched the MDNA Skin, with an editor from W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) saying she helped raise the bar for quality among these celebrities ventures. [86] (#cite_note-WMagazine-86) In 2019, Madonna teamed up with Too Faced for the limited-release of two make-up box sets inspired by her stage looks of the Madame X (/wiki/Madame_X_(album)) era. [152] (#cite_note-Charlotte-152) [197] (#cite_note-Makeup-197) Reception [ edit ] Madonna wearing a red string (/wiki/Red_string_(Kabbalah)) , on the 2006 Confessions Tour (/wiki/Confessions_Tour) The initial sales of clothing inspired by Madonna throughout late 20th century, impacted retail sales (/wiki/Retail_sales) . Authors in Defining Visions (1998) described results by saying: "No pop star had more impact on retail clothing sales than Madonna". [198] (#cite_note-Watson-198) Macy's store sold out its Madonna-licensed fashions and jewelry within two days. [199] (#cite_note-NYT85-199) Amid the height of MTV Generation (/wiki/MTV_Generation) , Macy's fashion director said in 1985, that in contrast to fashion-inspired lines of other leading figures, her line was successful "because [she] brought a whole new way of dressing that was a total contrast to the menswear look for women that preceded it". [199] (#cite_note-NYT85-199) Speaking about Madonna's fashion contests of the era, professor E. Ann Kaplan (/wiki/E._Ann_Kaplan) called it a "successful exploitation" of her style by clothing companies. [200] (#cite_note-Kaplan-200) In 1996, Laura Mulvey (/wiki/Laura_Mulvey) similarly commented "Madonna's performances make full use of the potential of cosmetics". [201] (#cite_note-Mulvey-201) Throughout the first two decades of the 21st century, some accessories and fashion items related to Madonna saw a notorious sales increase. The red string (/wiki/Red_string_(Kabbalah)) used in Kabbalah (/wiki/Kabbalah) gained a surge in sales. [202] (#cite_note-Lynch-202) Retailer Boots (/wiki/Boots_(company)) reported a 72% rise in the sales of hair rollers (/wiki/Hair_roller) after the release of " Hung Up (/wiki/Hung_Up) ". [9] (#cite_note-Styli-9) According to Antoine Arnault (/wiki/Antoine_Arnault) , everything worn in Madonna's Spring Summer Campaign for Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) in 2009, sold out within months. [194] (#cite_note-Vuitton-194) Madonna's own fashion brands obtained healthy sales (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands#Sales_and_earnings) as well. Selected wardrobe pieces and looks [ edit ] In Oh Fashion (1994), by professors Shari Benstock (/wiki/Shari_Benstock) and Suzanne Ferriss, it was said that many of her pieces achieved the status of popular to becoming cultural icons. [203] (#cite_note-Benstock-203) Through years, publications have elaborated "best Madonna looks" and similar lists, including a list by L'Officiel made in 2020, in which her garments are described as marking the "history of music and fashion". [21] (#cite_note-Vertua-21) Madonna has also been placed in general-interest lists in music industry, including a list made by Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) in 2021, of the "iconic fashion moments in music history", appearing twice, including the first spot. [204] (#cite_note-Glamour19-204) In 2023, Christian Allaire (/wiki/Christian_Allaire) from Vogue commented she "has delivered plenty of [...] looks that people still talk about today". [24] (#cite_note-Allaire-24) The same year, Glamour magazine stated she has been "at the forefront of many of the most memorable pop culture moments of the last 50+ years". [205] (#cite_note-Glamour2023-205) Like a Virgin -era dress [ edit ] In 2019, American journalist Lyndsey Parker (/wiki/Lyndsey_Parker) commented for Yahoo! that her performance at the 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (/wiki/1984_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) catapulted the singer to "superstar status", and its costume played a foremost role, as it seemed many girls in the United States wanted to be Madonna (or a "Madonnabe"). She defined the moment by saying: "No one had ever seen anything like it at the time". [206] (#cite_note-Parker-206) Parker further notes that "it remains such a signature look" that Madonna has referenced it in other performances. [206] (#cite_note-Parker-206) A depiction of the dress at the Hard Rock Cafe (/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe) (USA) Another depiction at the Hard Rock Cafe (USA) White dress at the 1991 Academy awards [ edit ] In 2019, Her World (/wiki/Her_World) included the dress among Madonna's looks that "have influenced a generation of pop singers". [207] (#cite_note-Goh-207) According to Californian newspaper La Opinión (/wiki/La_Opini%C3%B3n) , the 1991 Academy Awards (/wiki/63rd_Academy_Awards) marked a milestone in the history of the red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) , when Madonna and Michael Jackson arrived together. [208] (#cite_note-Opinion-208) Bob Mackie (/wiki/Bob_Mackie) 's dress at "Madonna's Fashion Evolutions" (2013) Madonna's Jean-Paul Gaultier pink conical-bra corset (Blond World Tour Ambition 1990) [ edit ] So much more than just a 'moment', Madonna's groundbreaking cone bra encouraged generations of female pop performers to embrace their sexuality on stage via their sartorial choices. — Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) (2021) [204] (#cite_note-Glamour19-204) According to the National Geographic Society (/wiki/National_Geographic_Society) "it quickly became one of many iconic looks associated with" her. [209] (#cite_note-Natgeo-209) To Tim Blanks (/wiki/Tim_Blanks) , Madonna in her Gaultier cone-bra "is one of the most unforgettable images of the entire decade" (the 1990s). [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) Another Magazine (/wiki/Another_Magazine) ' s Jack Moss called it "an image of true pop culture ubiquity". [210] (#cite_note-Moss-210) It was suggested to be arguably Madonna's most seminal look, [61] (#cite_note-at60-61) while Bryan Goh of Her World , said that entire look "has gone on to achieve cult status (/wiki/Cult_status) ". [207] (#cite_note-Goh-207) The cone bra has been described as more than just a part of fashion history, or an artefact hanging in a museum according to Liam Hess of Vogue , who said "its legacy lies in the very real way in which it has encouraged generations of female pop performers". [211] (#cite_note-Pink-211) Albeit the cone bra existed long before Madonna, her associated look has since influenced numerous fashion designers and pop stars alike, wrote an editor from Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) in 2020. [212] (#cite_note-EW20-212) "The Fashion World of Jean Paul Gaultier: From the Sidewalk to the Catwalk" (2013) "The Fashion World of Jean Paul Gaultier: From the Sidewalk to the Catwalk" (2014) "Génération 80 Experience" (2019) in Belgium Conical-bra corset in 3D-version at the Kunsthal Rotterdam (/wiki/Kunsthal_Rotterdam) (NL) Cultural depictions [ edit ] Reenactments [ edit ] See also: Madonna impersonator (/wiki/Madonna_impersonator) Carol Smillie (/wiki/Carol_Smillie) on stage, channeling Madonna's Gaultier cone bra style Many of her pieces have been recreated or inspired similar ones. According to Joanne Garde-Hansen from University of Gloucestershire (/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire) in 2011, Madonna's Gaultier conical bra is one of her most emulated outfits. [2] (#cite_note-GardeH-2) Some references were compared and seen in numerous events and media, including in Hocus Pocus by Stephanie Faracy (/wiki/Stephanie_Faracy) and inspired-like Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) ( 2009 MuchMusic Video Awards (/wiki/2009_MuchMusic_Video_Awards) ) or Cameron Diaz (/wiki/Cameron_Diaz) (photo shoot for V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) in 2009) among many others. [212] (#cite_note-EW20-212) In 2015, María Mérida from Vogue in its Spanish-language edition, noted the influence of the Like a Virgin -look dress saying that if "one of your looks turns into a Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) , it is because you have achieved something important", and this style is still one of the most demanded at Halloween parties, Mérida claimed. [213] (#cite_note-Wed-213) At auctions and other exhibitions [ edit ] In 2021, L'Officiel Brazil described "her style influence has turned her garments into [...] valuable items". [214] (#cite_note-Brazil-214) The Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) listed a corset designed by Jean-Paul Gaultier sold at Christie's (/wiki/Christie%27s) in London in May 1994 for $19,360 as the most ever paid for an item of clothing belonging to Madonna. [215] (#cite_note-McFarlan-215) However, numerous pieces of Madonna's clothing have since fetched higher prices. A 2001 Sotheby's (/wiki/Sotheby%27s) online auction, sold another corset for $24,000, which, according to other publications surpassed the largest paid for a Madonna fashion item. [216] (#cite_note-Hola-216) [217] (#cite_note-MTVrecord-217) Other pieces such as the jacket worn at Desperately Seeking Susan (/wiki/Desperately_Seeking_Susan) raised $252,000 and a dress worn at "Vogue"'s video, $179,200. [218] (#cite_note-BBCAuction-218) [219] (#cite_note-Vdress-219) In 2014, a collection of dresses and outfits worn by Madonna in her music and film career helped a celebrity auction raise $3.2 million. [218] (#cite_note-BBCAuction-218) In 2009, an exhibition in London named Simply Madonna: Materials Of The Girl featured 300 outfits, which was reportedly to be the largest collection outside of Madonna's own. [220] (#cite_note-France24-220) In 2010, another exhibition Simply Madonna was on display at the Melbourne Fashion Festival (/wiki/Melbourne_Fashion_Festival) , Australia. [221] (#cite_note-Melbourne-221) Influence and impact [ edit ] Industrial and conceptual [ edit ] Madonna's fashion sense and its cultural impact have received both immediate and retrospective discussions. The staff of Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) commented in 2015, that "her sense of style became as influential as her chart-topping tunes". [34] (#cite_note-QueenF-34) In Oh Fashion (1994), it was described: "Madonna's fashion moves generally caught shifts in cultural style and taste". [203] (#cite_note-Benstock-203) In 2018, Liana Satenstein from Vogue referred to her "huge impact on the runway and the red carpet over the course of her decades-long career". [222] (#cite_note-Vogue-222) Madonna's fashion impact was discussed as an era-defining advent with long-lasting effects. For instance, in Muckraker (2014), researcher Carlos Primo, music critic Javier Blánquez, journalist Daniel Arjona and philosopher Leticia García agree that Madonna paved the road for a new way of understanding the relationship between fashion and show business. [223] (#cite_note-García-223) Professor Martin S. Remland of West Chester University (/wiki/West_Chester_University) said when both MTV and Madonna appeared, the marriage of music and fashion became more prominent than ever before. [224] (#cite_note-Remland-224) American designer Todd Oldham (/wiki/Todd_Oldham) , was quoted as saying that she was to fashion what the Big Bang (/wiki/Big_Bang) theory is to the creation of the world. [225] (#cite_note-Oldham-225) Cynthia Robins of San Francisco Chronicle (/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle) further adds that "when Madonna came along, all fashion hell broke loose. She established a heady pace". [226] (#cite_note-Robins-226) Commentators ranging from Arianne Phillips (/wiki/Arianne_Phillips) to Diane Asitimbay (/wiki/Diane_Asitimbay) overall commented in similar terms how fashion significantly changed. [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) [227] (#cite_note-Asitimbay-227) Paloma Herce from fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , in its Spanish-language edition, held she created a "before and after" period. [70] (#cite_note-Herce-70) In 2005, Asitimbay stated that Madonna and Michael Jordan (/wiki/Michael_Jordan) "did more for the fashion industry in the United States (/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States) than many of our fashion models put together". [227] (#cite_note-Asitimbay-227) On public [ edit ] Madonna's fashion influence came from diverse sources; authors of The 1980s (2007), commented that "she influenced styles in so many ways via her music videos". [50] (#cite_note-Batchelor-50) She also did with tours; with her Blond Ambition World Tour (/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour) alone, Drew Mackie from People magazine stated it "helped cement the link between pop costumes and couture". [228] (#cite_note-Mackie-228) Her influence on public was noted across multiple decades. [229] (#cite_note-Doig-229) By 2008, Robert Verdi (/wiki/Robert_Verdi) was quoted as saying Madonna was like an adjective (/wiki/Adjective) in fashion, describing: "Friends will go shopping with each other and say, 'It's so Madonna.' That's what you want in fashion". [230] (#cite_note-Verdi-230) In similar connotations, Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) and British author Michael Pye concurred that she "makes fashion happen", with Pye further adding that "she's fashion". [231] (#cite_note-Guilbert37-231) Similarly, Mary Sollosi commented for Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) in 2022, she had an impact on what's in vogue every step of the way. [37] (#cite_note-Sollosi-37) The same year, Amalissa Hall from Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) summarized "she's inspired major fashion movements over the years" and at the height of her career, from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s, "whatever she wore, the public followed". [232] (#cite_note-Tatler-232) Back in 2006, clothing company H&M (/wiki/H%26M) described her "global influence" on how people dress and look as without equal. [233] (#cite_note-HH6-233) Timeline [ edit ] According to Katya Foreman from BBC (/wiki/BBC) , her impact was eminent amid the youth culture (/wiki/Youth_culture) of her generation, with a combination of attire and attitude. [4] (#cite_note-BBC-4) The most notorious group were young girls, known later as the Madonna wannabes (/wiki/Madonna_wannabe) with an unusually high number of women began to dress like Madonna. Other female singers in the MTV Generation (/wiki/MTV_Generation) attained fashion impact, but "Madonna's persona and 'look' inspired the greatest fandom", suggested professor Gary Burns in A Companion to Popular Culture (2016). [234] (#cite_note-Burns-234) In The History of Rock and Roll (2012), Stuart Kallen expressed: "Madonna changed the way young women dressed virtually overnight". [235] (#cite_note-Kallen-235) In reviewing that decade in 1990, Barbara Fole of Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) called her "the woman who has influenced the fashion scene more than anyone else in the 1980s". [3] (#cite_note-Foley-3) Madonna's changing styles continued to influence women's fashion in the following years (and decades), [236] (#cite_note-Hunt-236) but the 1980s are said to be the pinnacle of her fashion influence. [237] (#cite_note-HallenH-237) By the late 1990s, Canadian scholar Karlene Faith (/wiki/Karlene_Faith) commented that her "fashion influence has crossed generations", [238] (#cite_note-Faith141-238) while editors of Rock Fashion (1999) described, "Madonna has been the top influence everywhere". [160] (#cite_note-Sims-160) Her influence has since faded, although in 2022, Pratik Aswal from Indian Institute of Art & Design, perceived that "her style is still imitated by her fans (/wiki/Madonna_fandom) even today". [11] (#cite_note-Aswal-11) Individuals like Alyson Walsh from The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) (2015) to Louise Gray of i-D (/wiki/I-D) (2018) and Stephen Doig from The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) (2023) have dedicated articles discussing ongoing Madonna's influence on them or during her prime. [239] (#cite_note-Walsh-239) [8] (#cite_note-IDgray-8) [229] (#cite_note-Doig-229) Influence on people from fashion industry [ edit ] German designer Michael Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) created the "Madonna bag", one of 2016's most googled bags. [240] (#cite_note-Bag-240) As early as 1985, Mark Bego (/wiki/Mark_Bego) echoed her influence on many things —including on fashion designers— saying "knows no foreseeable boundaries". [241] (#cite_note-Bego85-241) In 1990, Foley explained that "she inspires some of the biggest names in the clothing business". [3] (#cite_note-Foley-3) A 1999 article of Journal of American Culture from Bowling Green State University (/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University) , described how during the 1980s and 1990s, aspects of Madonna's styles influenced the styles of leading designers in Paris (/wiki/Fashion_in_Paris) and London. [242] (#cite_note-JAC-242) Both her retrospectively and perceived continued influence has been discussed in her next decades. In 2015, an editor from Fashion Week Mexico (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Week_Mexico) concurred that she has been a "constant inspiration" on runway shows around the world. [73] (#cite_note-FWM-73) In 2020, Simone Vertua of L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) adds: "Madonna's style had influenced fashion designers to make unforgettable collaborations". [21] (#cite_note-Vertua-21) In 2021, Vogue also remarked that she has inspired collections of "various" designers. [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) In 2023, Women's Wear Daily ' s Tonya Blazio-Licorish lumped Madonna with other 20th century's female artists, for continuing "to inspire fashion designers with their show-stopping personas". [243] (#cite_note-WWD23-243) Furthermore, Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) credited Madonna for inspiring to run her first runway show (/wiki/Runway_show) . [244] (#cite_note-Sui-244) In 2016, German designer Michael Michalsky (/wiki/Michael_Michalsky) commented that he has taken inspiration from her in his collections. [245] (#cite_note-Michalsky-245) Influence on other entertainers [ edit ] [Madonna] created a template that pop successors utilize to this day. — Vogue (2021). [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) Madonna's style influenced other entertainers and was noted in numerous celebrities and artists. [246] (#cite_note-Beccia-246) In 2012, after decades since her debut, author Tom Streissguth was convinced that Madonna attitude has survived, as many female music and style celebrities have had a little bit of her in their style. [247] (#cite_note-Streissguth-247) Others have addressed the path Madonna paved, including Vogue magazine. [6] (#cite_note-Ultimate-6) About this whole point, Simone Vertua from L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) argued "her looks have totally revolutionized the way of thinking of all the pop stars". [21] (#cite_note-Vertua-21) Similarly, Leah Melby Clinton of Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) adds that "she totally paved the way for future pop-tart ladies". [248] (#cite_note-Clinton-248) Various individuals have publicly expressed Madonna's fashion influence on them, immediate and retrospectively. In 2011, Kelly Osbourne (/wiki/Kelly_Osbourne) named Madonna as her biggest fashion influence, [249] (#cite_note-Osbourne-249) while celebrities such as Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) and Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) once cited her as one of her fashion icons. [250] (#cite_note-Campbell-250) [251] (#cite_note-Ora-251) Kelly Brook (/wiki/Kelly_Brook) also referred to her as her style icon while growing up. [252] (#cite_note-KBrook-252) Accolades [ edit ] Peer industry acknowledgment [ edit ] Amid an ever-evolving industry, Madonna managed to receive peer industry recognition. According to Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) in 2015, designers like Riccardo Tisci (/wiki/Riccardo_Tisci) have paid tribute to Madonna. [154] (#cite_note-Bazzar2015-154) Simon Doonan (/wiki/Simon_Doonan) paid homage to her in a slideshow at Barney's (/wiki/Barney%27s) called The Mesmerizing Mistress of Perpetual Reinvention . [12] (#cite_note-Doonan-12) In a 1985 interview, Michael Gross (/wiki/Michael_Gross_(American_writer)) asked Madonna, "how do you feel about designers paying tribute to you?". "I'm very flattered", she said. [253] (#cite_note-Grosss-253) Designers such as Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) and Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) once expressed their admiration towards her in fashion terms; Lagerfeld once called her "the single greatest fashion influence in the world". [254] (#cite_note-Tisci-254) [255] (#cite_note-Cross60-255) [256] (#cite_note-Donna-256) Doonan once referred to her like " patron saint (/wiki/Patron_saint) for fashion". [12] (#cite_note-Doonan-12) In 2019, Versace was commissioned by L'Officiel to write a special article about Madonna, where she became "reflective". [256] (#cite_note-Donna-256) Like Lagerfeld, Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) magazine also proclaimed her as the "greatest single fashion influence" in the world. [257] (#cite_note-Giuntini-257) Similarly, in 2015, Suhani Pittie (/wiki/Suhani_Pittie) said in her blog, "it would not be wrong to say that she is in fact 'the' most influential women's fashion icon ever", [258] (#cite_note-Pittie-258) while Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) told Spanish press in 2012, that she is the "biggest fashion icon" although recognized newer generations by that time, and an ever-evolving industry. [259] (#cite_note-JP-259) Listicles [ edit ] Madonna has appeared in a number of listicles (/wiki/Listicles) and publications related to fashion sense or individuals' impact. In 2009, Clothes Show London (/wiki/Clothes_Show_London) conducted a poll of fashion biggest icons of the 20th century divided by decades. Madonna won the 1980s section, with 75 percent —the highest sum attained by the other decade's winners. [260] (#cite_note-260) She was also included in Rolling Stone' s list of musicians who defined the 1990s fashion. [261] (#cite_note-RS2012-261) Madonna on selected listicles and publications (all-time/century) [a] (#cite_note-262) Year Publication List or Work Rank Ref. 2010 Glamour The 25 Most Influential Style Icons in Music 1 [262] (#cite_note-Glamour2010-263) 2012 Time All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons, Style and Design — [15] (#cite_note-TimeFashionICon-15) 2013 Today The Most Memorable Style Icons 10 [263] (#cite_note-Today-264) 2015 Flavorwire (/wiki/Flavorwire) Music's 40 Greatest Style Icons 5 [264] (#cite_note-Flavor-265) 2015 Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) Women Who Changed Fashion: The Style Icons — [154] (#cite_note-Bazzar2015-154) 2017 150 World's Most Fashionable Women — [265] (#cite_note-Detroit-266) 2016 Design Museum (/wiki/Design_Museum) Fifty Women's Fashion Icons that Changed the World — [266] (#cite_note-Cochrane-267) 2016 Beyond Words Publishing (/wiki/Beyond_Words_Publishing) Style Icons Who Changed the World Through Fashion — [267] (#cite_note-Beccia113-268) 2020 Uproxx (/wiki/Uproxx) The Most Influential Style Icons In Music History — [268] (#cite_note-Uproxx-269) 2021 Laurence King Publishing (/wiki/Laurence_King_Publishing) 100 Women 100 Styles (The Women Who Changed the Way We Look) — [269] (#cite_note-270) Awards and recognition [ edit ] Madonna accepting an award at the VH1 (/wiki/VH1) Fashion Awards in 1998 Madonna has received a number of awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna) for her fashion. She was honored with the Style Icon by Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) in 2007, recognizing her contributions in the field, and for her ever-evolving image. [270] (#cite_note-ElleAward-271) She won various VH1 (/wiki/VH1) Fashion Awards, including the first Versace Award in 1998, as their panel agreed that "her career has been the model for the infusion of celebrity and glamour into fashion and in many ways created the fashion world as it is known today". [271] (#cite_note-VH1-272) Madonna was recognized by the International Best Dressed Hall of Fame List (/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_Hall_of_Fame_List) . [272] (#cite_note-HallFame-273) Over the course of multiple decades, Madonna was referred immediately and retrospectively with sobriquets in journalist pieces internationally. She was called a "Goddess of Fashion", "Queen of Style" or a "Queen of Fashion". [34] (#cite_note-QueenF-34) [273] (#cite_note-Raines-274) [255] (#cite_note-Cross60-255) In 2003, Czech newspaper Mladá fronta DNES (/wiki/Mlad%C3%A1_fronta_DNES) named her the "Queen of Fashion Trends" but also the "Master of Kitsch (/wiki/Kitsch) ". [274] (#cite_note-QueenF2-275) She was also called the "Queen of Camp (/wiki/Camp_(style)) ". [275] (#cite_note-Drushel-276) In 2015, an editor from fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar retrospectively called her "Queen of Street Style". [70] (#cite_note-Herce-70) In 1998, The Straits Times (/wiki/The_Straits_Times) called her "Queen of Many Faces". [276] (#cite_note-Straits-277) Museum and galleries exhibitions [ edit ] Many pieces sported by Madonna have been part of various exhibitions around the world. Following a selected gallery and examples: Rock Style (December 9, 1999 – March 19, 2000) — Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) [277] (#cite_note-MMA99-278) Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed (December 6, 2001 – March 17, 2002) — Metropolitan Museum of Art [278] (#cite_note-MMA02-279) Kimono: Kyoto to Catwalk (2020) — Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) [279] (#cite_note-Kimono-280) Cine y Moda (Cinema and Fashion) (2022) — Cinémathèque Française (/wiki/Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que_Fran%C3%A7aise) and La Caixa Foundation [280] (#cite_note-Cine-281) Madonna's Gaultier Kimono at Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) (UK) Madonna's Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) dress worn in 2011 Met Gala displayed at Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) (RU) Madonna's footwear at Salvatore Ferragamo Museum (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo_Museum) (IT) A Madonna leather jacket at Hard Rock Cafe (/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe) London Madonna's dress from the movie Body of Evidence (/wiki/Body_of_Evidence_(1993_film)) , located in Hard Rock Café Oslo Written works [ edit ] Among Madonna's books (/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Madonna) , some of them had a central theme in her fashion or photos, including Martin H. M. Schreiber (/wiki/Martin_H._M._Schreiber) 's books in 2002 and 2017 for her Playboy nude photos, Richard Corman (/wiki/Richard_Corman_(photographer)) 's Madonna NYC 83 in 2013, and Matthew Rettenmund (/wiki/Matthew_Rettenmund) 's MLVC60: Madonna's Most Amazing Magazine Covers: A Visual Record in 2019. See also [ edit ] List of people on the cover of (/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_cover_of_Attitude_magazine) Attitude magazine (/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_cover_of_Attitude_magazine) List of (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(India)_cover_models) Elle (India) cover models (/wiki/List_of_Elle_(India)_cover_models) List of people on the cover of (/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_cover_of_GQ_Russia) GQ Russia (/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_cover_of_GQ_Russia) Lists of (/wiki/Lists_of_Harper%27s_Bazaar_cover_models) Harper's Bazaar cover models (/wiki/Lists_of_Harper%27s_Bazaar_cover_models) List of people on the cover of (/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_cover_of_i-D_magazine) i-D magazine (/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_cover_of_i-D_magazine) List of (/wiki/List_of_Jane_magazine_cover_models) Jane magazine cover models (/wiki/List_of_Jane_magazine_cover_models) List of (/wiki/List_of_NME_covers) NME covers (/wiki/List_of_NME_covers) Lists of (/wiki/Lists_of_Playboy_models) Playboy models (/wiki/Lists_of_Playboy_models) Lists of covers of (/wiki/Lists_of_covers_of_Time_magazine) Time magazine (/wiki/Lists_of_covers_of_Time_magazine) List of (/wiki/List_of_TV_Guide_covers) TV Guide covers (/wiki/List_of_TV_Guide_covers) List of (/wiki/List_of_V_magazine_cover_models) V magazine cover models (/wiki/List_of_V_magazine_cover_models) Lists of people on the United States cover of (/wiki/Lists_of_people_on_the_United_States_cover_of_Rolling_Stone) Rolling Stone List of (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_cover_models) Vogue cover models (/wiki/List_of_Vogue_cover_models) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-262) Listicles (/wiki/Listicle) limited to only ten publications. References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Gowans-Eglinton, Charlie (August 16, 2020). "The Lessons Learned From Madonna's Unapologetic Style" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/viva/fashion/the-lessons-learned-from-madonnas-unapologetic-style/KYHKSYH4TFBM4SFV4EERAYFA6Q/) . The New Zealand Herald (/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald) . Retrieved January 24, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Garde-Hansen 2011 (#CITEREFGarde-Hansen2011) , p. 128 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Foley, Barbara (March 2, 1990). "Thoroughly Modern Madonna" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-02-vw-1778-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved June 29, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Foreman, Katya (March 10, 2015). "Madonna: Material girl" (https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150310-material-girl-madonna) . BBC . Retrieved June 29, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bego19_5-0) Bego 2000 (#CITEREFBego2000) , p. 19 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Okwodu, Janelle (August 16, 2021). "Madonna Remains the Ultimate Vogue Cover Star" (https://www.vogue.com/article/madonna-best-moments-in-vogue-magazine) . Vogue . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Blanco F., José (December 2014). "How to Fashion an Archetype: Madonna as Anima Figure" (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jpcu.12203) . The Journal of Popular Culture (/wiki/The_Journal_of_Popular_Culture) . 47 (6). Wiley-Blackwell: 1153–1166. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/jpcu.12203 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjpcu.12203) . Retrieved May 19, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Gray, Louise (August 15, 2018). "strike a pose! these are madonna's most inspirational and powerful looks" (https://archive.today/20220704214324/https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/7xqm3x/madonna-best-fashion-louise-gray) . i-D (/wiki/I-D) . Archived from the original (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/7xqm3x/madonna-best-fashion-louise-gray) on July 4, 2022 . 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Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . July 27, 2015 . Retrieved June 30, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Faith169_35-0) Faith & Wasserlein 1997 (#CITEREFFaithWasserlein1997) , p. 169 ^ (#cite_ref-dirtbad_36-0) Allaire, Christian (November 20, 2023). "I Kind of Love Madonna's Dirtbag Style" (https://www.vogue.com/article/madonna-dirtbag-style-y2k) . Vogue . Retrieved November 24, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sollosi, Mary (June 28, 2022). "Madonna's fashion evolution" (https://archive.today/20220701081206/https://ew.com/music/madonna-fashion-evolution/?) . Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) . Archived from the original (https://ew.com/music/madonna-fashion-evolution/?slide=6066967#6066967) on July 1, 2022 . Retrieved July 1, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Berry, Allison (February 7, 2013). "Stylish Tunes: Top 10 Songs About Fashion" (https://archive.today/20130630104640/http://style.time.com/2013/02/08/stylish-tunes-top-10-songs-about-fashion/slide/madonna-vogue-1990/) . Time . 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"Madonna says people 'must wear rubber gloves' to touch her fashion archive" (https://archive.today/20220628231506/https://www.euronews.com/culture/2021/11/01/madonna-says-people-must-wear-rubber-gloves-to-touch-her-fashion-archive) . Euronews (/wiki/Euronews) . Reuters. Archived from the original (https://www.euronews.com/culture/2021/11/01/madonna-says-people-must-wear-rubber-gloves-to-touch-her-fashion-archive) on June 28, 2022 . Retrieved June 28, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Phillips2_48-0) Karmali, Sarah (April 23, 2013). "Madonna Fashion Exhibition Pops Up At Macy's" (https://archive.today/20220626042354/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/madonna-fashion-exhibition-at-macys-material-girl-line) . British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/madonna-fashion-exhibition-at-macys-material-girl-line) on June 26, 2022 . Retrieved June 26, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b Moon, Jacorey (September 24, 2021). 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Retrieved February 6, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Flavor_265-0) Barnes, Shane (January 13, 2015). "Music's 40 Greatest Style Icons, Ranked" (https://www.flavorwire.com/486828/musics-40-biggest-style-icons-ranked) . Flavorwire (/wiki/Flavorwire) . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Detroit_266-0) Italie, Leanne (January 10, 2017). Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) (ed.). "Madonna among Harper's Bazaar most fashionable women" (https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/people/2017/01/10/madonna-among-harpers-bazaar-fashionable-women/96398612/) . The Detroit News (/wiki/The_Detroit_News) . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cochrane_267-0) Cochrane 2016 (#CITEREFCochrane2016) , pp. 70–72 ^ (#cite_ref-Beccia113_268-0) Beccia 2016 (#CITEREFBeccia2016) , p. 113 ^ (#cite_ref-Uproxx_269-0) Tedder, Michael (November 12, 2020). "The Most Influential Style Icons In Music History" (https://uproxx.com/music/music-style-icons-influential-history-2/) . Uproxx (/wiki/Uproxx) . Retrieved January 22, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-270) Blanchard, Tamsin. "Tamsin Blanchard Selects 10 Women Who Changed the Way We Dress Today" (https://www.10magazine.com/womenswear/tamsin-blanchard-10-women-who-changed-the-way-we-dress-madonna-bjork/) . 10 Magazine (/wiki/10_Magazine_(British_magazine)) . Retrieved April 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-ElleAward_271-0) "Madonna named most stylish star by Elle" (https://archive.today/20220629013719/https://www.hindustantimes.com/health-and-fitness/madonna-named-most-stylish-star-by-elle/story-ucqFd0rtxoKNLaNH0GxLBJ.html) . Hindustan Times . February 14, 2007. Archived from the original (https://www.hindustantimes.com/health-and-fitness/madonna-named-most-stylish-star-by-elle/story-ucqFd0rtxoKNLaNH0GxLBJ.html) on June 29, 2022 . Retrieved June 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-VH1_272-0) Deegan, Carol (October 28, 1998). " (https://apnews.com/article/4f255d9b7125c32a4bcb6de31cb107b5) 'Glam!' Stars at VH1 Fashion Awards" (https://apnews.com/article/4f255d9b7125c32a4bcb6de31cb107b5) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . Retrieved June 29, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-HallFame_273-0) Hume, Marion (/wiki/Marion_Hume) (February 19, 1995). "The Best-Dressed of Them All" (https://archive.today/20140517013525/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-bestdressed-of-them-all-1573932.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-bestdressed-of-them-all-1573932.html) on May 17, 2014 . Retrieved July 5, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Raines_274-0) Raines 2010 (#CITEREFRaines2010) , p. xi ^ (#cite_ref-QueenF2_275-0) "Madonna musí stále šokovat" (https://archive.today/20210326202311/https://www.idnes.cz/kultura/hudba/madonna-musi-stale-sokovat.A030430_124823_hudba_lf) . Mladá fronta DNES (/wiki/Mlad%C3%A1_fronta_DNES) (in Czech). April 30, 2003. Archived from the original (https://www.idnes.cz/kultura/hudba/madonna-musi-stale-sokovat.A030430_124823_hudba_lf) on March 26, 2021 . Retrieved March 26, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Drushel_276-0) Drushel & Peters 2017 (#CITEREFDrushelPeters2017) , p. 216 ^ (#cite_ref-Straits_277-0) "Now who's that girl?" (https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19980219-1.2.89.3.2?ST=1&AT=search&K=queen&P=11&Display=0&filterS=0&QT=queen&oref=article) . The Straits Times (/wiki/The_Straits_Times) . February 19, 1998. p. 2 . Retrieved September 20, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-MMA99_278-0) "Rock Style" (https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/1999/rock-style) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . 1999 . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-MMA02_279-0) "Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed" (https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2001/extreme-beauty) . Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) . 2001 . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kimono_280-0) Clapp, Susannah Clapp (/wiki/Susannah_Clapp) (August 30, 2020). "Kimono: Kyoto to Catwalk review – the whole world up your sleeve" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/aug/30/kimono-kyoto-to-catwalk-review-v-and-a-london) . The Guardian . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cine_281-0) Jones, Sam (February 18, 2022). "Rocky's shorts and Madonna's bra on display in Madrid at Gaultier show" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/feb/18/rocky-shorts-and-madonna-bra-show-madrid-gaultier-cine-y-moda) . The Guardian . Retrieved January 23, 2023 . Book sources [ edit ] See also: Bibliography of works on Madonna (/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Madonna) and List of academic publishing works on Madonna (/wiki/List_of_academic_publishing_works_on_Madonna) Andrews, Marc (2022). Madonna Song by Song . Fonthill Media. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781781558447 . Anguelov, Nikolay (2015). The Dirty Side of the Garment Industry . CRC Press (/wiki/CRC_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1498712231 . Asitimbay, Diane (/wiki/Diane_Asitimbay) (2005). What's Up America?: A Foreigner's Guide to Understanding Americans . Culturelink Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-9759276-0-1 . Ball, Deborah (2010). House of Versace . Crown Publishing Group (/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0307462404 . Barcella, Laura (2019). Fight Like a Girl: 50 Feminists Who Changed the World . Zest Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1541581838 . Batchelor, Bob; Stoddart, Scott (2007). The 1980s . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0313330001 . Beccia, Carlyn Cerniglia (2016). Fashion Rebels: Style Icons Who Changed the World Through Fashion . Simon and Schuster (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1582704883 . Bego, Mark (/wiki/Mark_Bego) (2000). Madonna: Blonde Ambition . Cooper Square Press (/wiki/Cooper_Square_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0815410514 . Bell, Alison (2004). Fearless Fashion . Lobster Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1894222865 . Benstock, Shari (/wiki/Shari_Benstock) ; Ferriss, Suzanne (1994). On Fashion . Rutgers University Press (/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0813520339 . Blanco F, José; Hunt-Hurst, Patricia Kay; Lee, Heather Vaughan; Doering, Mary (2015). Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1610693103 . Blumenthal, Deborah (1995). The New York Book of Beauty . City & Company. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1885492235 . Brown, Stephen (2004). Free Gift Inside!!: Forget the Customer. Develop Marketease . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1841126020 . Burns, Gary (2016). A Companion to Popular Culture . John Wiley & Sons (/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1405192057 . Calboli, Irene; Senftleben, Martin (2018). The Protection of Non-traditional Trademarks . Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0198826576 . Church Gibson, Pamela (2013). Fashion and Celebrity Culture . Berg Publishers (/wiki/Berg_Publishers) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0857852311 . Cochrane, Lauren (2016). Fifty Women's Fashion Icons that Changed the World: Design Museum Fifty . Hachette. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1840917475 . Cote, Rachel Vorona (2020). Too Much: How Victorian Constraints Still Bind Women Today . Hachette. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1538729717 . Cramer, Alfred William (2009). Musicians and Composers of the 20th Century . Salem Press (/wiki/Salem_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1587655159 . Cross, Mary (/wiki/Mary_Cross) (2007). Madonna: A Biography . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33811-3 . Desser, David (/wiki/David_Desser) ; Jowett, Garth (2000). Hollywood Goes Shopping . University of Minnesota Press (/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0816635137 . Dickinson, Kay (2003). Movie Music, the Film Reader . Routledge (/wiki/Routledge) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0415281598 . duCille, Ann (/wiki/Ann_duCille) (1996). Skin Trade . Harvard University Press (/wiki/Harvard_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0674810848 . Drushel, Bruce E.; Peters, Brian M. (2017). Sontag and the Camp Aesthetic: Advancing New Perspectives . Lexington Books (/wiki/Lexington_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1498537773 . Faith, Karlene (/wiki/Karlene_Faith) ; Wasserlein, Frances (/wiki/Frances_Wasserlein) (1997). Madonna, Bawdy & Soul . University of Toronto Press (/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-802-04208-2 . Gan, Stephen (1999). Visionaire's Fashion 2001: Designers of the New Avant-garde . Universe Publishing (/wiki/Universe_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0789303574 . Garde-Hansen, Joanne (2011). Media and Memory . Edinburgh University Press (/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0748688883 . Giuntini, Parme P.; Hagen, Kathryn (2008). Garb: A Fashion and Culture Reader . Pearson Prentice Hall (/wiki/Pearson_Prentice_Hall) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0131119109 . Gnojewski, Carol (2017). Madonna: Fighting for Self-Expression . Enslow Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0766092556 . Guilbert, Georges-Claude (/wiki/Georges-Claude_Guilbert) (2015). Madonna as Postmodern Myth . McFarland (/wiki/McFarland_(publisher)) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-786-48071-5 . Gundle, Stephen (/wiki/Stephen_Gundle) (2008). Glamour: A History . Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0199210985 . Hallenbeck-Huber, Marjorie (2010). Celebrities' Most Wanted . Potomac Books (/wiki/Potomac_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1597975100 . Harrison, Thomas R. (2011). Music of the 1980s . ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-36599-7 . Hunt, Jilly (2012). Popular Culture: 1980-1999 . Raintree Publishers (/wiki/Raintree_Publishers) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1406256567 . Kallen, Stuart A. (2012). The History of Rock and Roll . Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1420506945 . Kaplan, E. Ann (/wiki/E._Ann_Kaplan) (2016). Rocking Around the Clock . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1317227687 . Kellner, Douglas (/wiki/Douglas_Kellner) ; Hammer, Rhonda (2009). Media/cultural Studies: Critical Approaches . Peter Lang (/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publisher)) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8204-9526-2 . Khandelwal, Madhulika S. (2018). Becoming American, Being Indian: An Immigrant Community in New York City . Cornell University Press (/wiki/Cornell_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1501722028 . King, Poppy (2016). The A to Z of Lipstick . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1501141683 . Krieken, Robert Van; Habibis, Daphne; Smith, Philip; Hutchins, Brett; Martin, Greg; Maton, Karl (2013). Sociology . Pearson Higher Education (/wiki/Pearson_Higher_Education) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1442562363 . Landrum, Gene N. (1994). Profiles of Female Genius: Thirteen Creative Women who Changed the World . Prometheus Books (/wiki/Prometheus_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-87975-892-9 . Litt, Jerome Z. (2005). Neurological Drug Reactions and Interactions . CRC Press (/wiki/CRC_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0415467365 . Lynch, Annette; Strauss, Mitchell (2007). Changing Fashion: A Critical Introduction to Trend Analysis and Cultural Meaning . Berg Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1845203900 . McFarlan, Donald (2000). Guinness World Records 2000 . Bantam Books (/wiki/Bantam_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1892051001 . Moeran, Brian (2016). The Magic of Fashion: Ritual, Commodity, Glamour . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1315417967 . Moore, Jennifer Grayer (2015). Fashion Fads Through American History: Fitting Clothes into Context: Fitting Clothes into Context . ABC-CLIO (/wiki/ABC-CLIO) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1610699020 . Mulvey, Laura (/wiki/Laura_Mulvey) (1996). Fetishism and Curiosity . Indiana University Press (/wiki/Indiana_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0851705472 . Nowell, Iris (2004). Generation Deluxe: Consumerism and Philanthropy of the New Super-Rich . Dundurn Press (/wiki/Dundurn_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 155002972X . O'Brien, Lucy (/wiki/Lucy_O%27Brien) (2007). Madonna: Like an Icon (/wiki/Madonna:_Like_an_Icon) . Bantam Press (/wiki/Bantam_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-593-05547-2 . O'Neill, Michael (2014). The Best Bar Trivia Book Ever . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1440579486 . Pallingston, Jessica (1999). Lipstick: A Celebration of a Girl's Best Friend . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0684858703 . Partridge, Christopher (/wiki/Christopher_Partridge) (2017). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Popular Music . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1474237352 . Raines, Jenyne M. (2010). Beautylicious!: The Black Girl's Guide to the Fabulous Life . Crown Publishing Group (/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0307513878 . Remland, Martin S. (2016). Nonverbal Communication in Everyday Life . SAGE Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1483370248 . Sexton, Adam (1993). Desperately Seeking Madonna: in search of the meaning of the world's most famous woman . ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0385306881 . Schneider, Cy (/wiki/Cy_Schneider) (1987). Children's Television: The Art, the Business, and how it Works . NTC Business Books (/wiki/NTC_Business_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0844231460 . Schwichtenberg, Cathy (1993). The Madonna connection . Westview Press (/wiki/Westview_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0813313961 . Sims, Josh; Peachey, Mal (1999). Rock Fashion . Omnibus. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 071197733X . Singer, Howie; Rosenblatt, Bill (2023). Key Changes: The 10 Times Technology Transformed the Music Industry . Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0197656891 . Steele, Valerie (/wiki/Valerie_Steele) (2015). The Berg Companion to Fashion . Bloomsbury Publishing (/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1474264709 . Streissguth, Tom (2012). Getting the Hang of Fashion and Dress Codes: A How-to Guide . Enslow Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1464503528 . Stępień, Justyna (2014). Redefining Kitsch and Camp in Literature and Culture . Cambridge Scholars Publishing (/wiki/Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1443867795 . Taraborrelli, J. Randy (September 27, 2001). Madonna: An Intimate Biography . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7432-2880-0 . Tzvetkova, Juliana (2017). Pop Culture in Europe . ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4408-4466-9 . Watson, Mary Ann; Nash, Gerald D.; Etulain, Richard W. (1998). Defining Visions: Television and the American Experience Since 1945 . Harcourt Brace College Publishers (/wiki/Harcourt_Brace_College_Publishers) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-15-503201-1 . Hatschek, Keith; Wells, Veronica A. (2018). Historical Dictionary of the American Music Industry . Rowman & Littlefield (/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1538111444 . Wexler, Bruce (2022). Classic Country Toys: An Illustrated History of Americana . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1510756953 . Widdicombe, Ben (2021). Gatecrasher: How I Helped the Rich Become Famous and Ruin the World . Simon and Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1982128845 . Wooster, Patricia (2014). So, You Want to Work in Fashion? . Aladdin/Beyond Words (/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1582704524 . Non-English books [ edit ] Celnik, Jacobo (2018). La causa nacional: Historias del rock en Colombia (in Spanish). Penguin Random House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9585425538 . García, Leticia; Primo, Carlos (2014). El nuevo traje del emperador (in Spanish). Capitán Swing Libros. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-8494287817 . Steinmetzer, Jan; Müller, Sabine; Groß, Dominik (/wiki/Dominik_Gross) (2015). Normal - anders - krank?: Akzeptanz, Stigmatisierung und Pathologisierung im Kontext der Medizin (in German). Martin Werhand Verlag (/wiki/Martin_Werhand_Verlag) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3954661879 . External links [ edit ] Madonna (https://www.vogue.com/tag/celebrity/madonna) at Vogue (website) v t e Madonna (/wiki/Madonna) Albums (/wiki/Madonna_albums_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Madonna) Singles (/wiki/Madonna_singles_discography) Unreleased (/wiki/List_of_unreleased_songs_recorded_by_Madonna) Concerts (/wiki/List_of_Madonna_concerts) Videos (/wiki/Madonna_videography) Films (/wiki/Madonna_filmography) Books (/wiki/Madonna_bibliography) Fashion brands (/wiki/Madonna_fashion_brands) Awards (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Madonna) Achievements (/wiki/List_of_Madonna_records_and_achievements) Cultural impact (/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Madonna) Studio albums Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(album)) Like a Virgin (/wiki/Like_a_Virgin_(album)) True Blue (/wiki/True_Blue_(Madonna_album)) Like a Prayer (/wiki/Like_a_Prayer_(album)) Erotica (/wiki/Erotica_(Madonna_album)) Bedtime Stories (/wiki/Bedtime_Stories_(Madonna_album)) Ray of Light (/wiki/Ray_of_Light) Music (/wiki/Music_(Madonna_album)) American Life (/wiki/American_Life) Confessions on a Dance Floor (/wiki/Confessions_on_a_Dance_Floor) Hard Candy (/wiki/Hard_Candy_(Madonna_album)) MDNA (/wiki/MDNA_(album)) Rebel Heart (/wiki/Rebel_Heart) Madame X (/wiki/Madame_X_(album)) Soundtrack albums Who's That Girl (/wiki/Who%27s_That_Girl_(soundtrack)) I'm Breathless (/wiki/I%27m_Breathless) Evita (/wiki/Evita_(soundtrack)) Live albums I'm Going to Tell You a Secret (/wiki/I%27m_Going_to_Tell_You_a_Secret_(album)) The Confessions Tour (/wiki/The_Confessions_Tour_(album)) Sticky & Sweet Tour (/wiki/Sticky_%26_Sweet_Tour_(album)) MDNA World Tour (/wiki/MDNA_World_Tour_(album)) Rebel Heart Tour (/wiki/Rebel_Heart_Tour_(album)) Madame X: Music from the Theater Xperience (/wiki/Madame_X:_Music_from_the_Theater_Xperience) Remix albums You Can Dance (/wiki/You_Can_Dance) Remixed & Revisited (/wiki/Remixed_%26_Revisited) Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones (/wiki/Finally_Enough_Love:_50_Number_Ones) Compilation albums The Immaculate Collection (/wiki/The_Immaculate_Collection) Something to Remember (/wiki/Something_to_Remember) GHV2 (/wiki/GHV2) Celebration (/wiki/Celebration_(Madonna_album)) Limited releases Like a Virgin & Other Big Hits! 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Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly, Medical Practitioner In this article, the surname (/wiki/Surname) is Saras, her Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_name) patronymic surname (/wiki/Patronymic_surname) ; Wati is her Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_name) matronymic surname (/wiki/Matronymic_surname) . Ayu Saraswati ᬧᬸᬢᬸᬅᬬᬸᬲᬭᬲ᭄ᬯᬢᬶ Ayu Saraswati speaking in support as the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador (/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly) [3] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(1)-3) [4] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(2)-4) [5] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(3)-5) [6] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(4)-6) Born Putu Ayu Saraswati ( 1997-07-06 ) July 6, 1997 (age 27) Denpasar, Bali (/wiki/Denpasar,_Bali) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) Other names Ayu Saraswati Ayusa Alma mater Udayana University (/wiki/Udayana_University) , Denpasar (/wiki/Denpasar) ( MMSc (/wiki/Medical_degree#Post_Graduate_Medical_Degrees) in Biomedical sciences (/wiki/Biomedical_sciences) ) Bali International Green School (primary-secondary) (/wiki/Green_School_(Bali)) Occupations Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador medical practitioner model beauty pageant titleholder Height 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) [7] (#cite_note-1st_reference-7) [8] (#cite_note-2nd_reference-8) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Puteri Bali 2020 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Bali) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) Miss Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Indonesia) Hair color Black Eye color Dark brown Major competition(s) Puteri Bali 2020 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Bali) (Winner) (Miss Intelligence) Puteri Indonesia 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) [1] (#cite_note-1st-1) [2] (#cite_note-2nd-2) (Winner — Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) ) ( Miss International Indonesia 2021 (/wiki/List_of_Miss_Indonesia_International) ) ( Puteri Indonesia Nusa-Bali Islands 2020 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Kepulauan) ) Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) (did not compete) Signature Putu Ayu Saraswati ( Balinese (/wiki/Balinese_language) : ᬧᬸᬢᬸᬅᬬᬸᬲᬭᬲ᭄ᬯᬢᬶ ; born July 6, 1997) popularly known as Ayu Saraswati is an Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador (/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly) , [3] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(1)-3) [4] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(2)-4) [5] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(3)-5) Medical practitioner, [9] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(1)-9) [10] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(2)-10) [11] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(3)-11) fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) . [12] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(9)-12) [13] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(10)-13) Since 2020, she serves as the Ambassador and Advisory Council of Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection of The Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection) [14] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(1)-14) [15] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(2)-15) and Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Indonesia)) , that works for #SangGuruKehidupan in advocating for women empowerment, Child protection, elderly care, natural disaster and free healthcare programs. [16] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(1)-16) [17] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(2)-17) [18] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(3)-18) [19] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(4)-19) Ayu Saraswati is the second delegate from Bali (/wiki/Bali) to ever be crowned Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan [20] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(1)-20) [21] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(2)-21) [22] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(3)-22) after Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra (/wiki/Ayu_Diandra_Sari_Tjakra) in 2009. [23] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(4)-23) [24] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(5)-24) She was expected to represent Indonesia at Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) , but she withdrew from the competition. Early life and education [ edit ] Ayu Saraswati appear as the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador (/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly) speaks in Support for the news conference of Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Indonesia)) on 20 May 2021. [3] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(1)-3) [4] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(2)-4) [5] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(3)-5) [6] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(4)-6) Ayu Saraswati was born in Denpasar (/wiki/Denpasar) , Bali, Indonesia to a Balinese father and Taiwanese mother. [25] (#cite_note-25) Since she was 14 years old, Ayu Saraswati is working as a fashion model and pilates instructor. [26] (#cite_note-Putu_Ayu_Saraswati_Pilates_and_Forums_(1)-26) [27] (#cite_note-Putu_Ayu_Saraswati_Pilates_and_Forums_(2)-27) [28] (#cite_note-Putu_Ayu_Saraswati_Pilates_and_Forums_(3)-28) She holds a Master of Medical Science (MMSc) in Biomedical sciences from the Faculty of Medicine of Udayana University (/wiki/Udayana_University) , Denpasar – Bali, [9] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(1)-9) [10] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(2)-10) [11] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(3)-11) and currently works as a Medical Practitioner in Sanglah Hospital (/wiki/Sanglah_Hospital) , where both of her parents work as a Medical Doctor. [9] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(1)-9) [10] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(2)-10) [11] (#cite_note-Biomedical_Science_Study_and_General_practitioner_(3)-11) Beside being chosen as Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador, [3] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(1)-3) [4] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(2)-4) [5] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(3)-5) [6] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(4)-6) Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection of The Republic of Indonesia Ambassador, [14] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(1)-14) [15] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(2)-15) and Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Ambassador. [16] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(1)-16) [17] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(2)-17) [18] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(3)-18) [19] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(4)-19) Ayu Saraswati often representing Indonesia in world forums such as Youth Gathering Sunburst Youth Camp 2014 in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) and the 2013 International Community Development and Global Creative Leadership Summit (/wiki/Global_Creative_Leadership_Summit) in New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , India (/wiki/India) . [26] (#cite_note-Putu_Ayu_Saraswati_Pilates_and_Forums_(1)-26) [27] (#cite_note-Putu_Ayu_Saraswati_Pilates_and_Forums_(2)-27) [29] (#cite_note-World_Forums-29) Pageantry [ edit ] Ayu Saraswati (right) as a speaker of The Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Indonesia)) press conference on 19 August 2020. [16] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(1)-16) [17] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(2)-17) [18] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(3)-18) [19] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(4)-19) Ayu Saraswati (right) as the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection of The Republic of Indonesia Ambassador (/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection) during The Youth Seminar and Press Conference at Jakarta Aquarium and Safari (/wiki/Jakarta_Aquarium) on 2 May 2021. [14] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(1)-14) [15] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(2)-15) Jegeg Bali 2015 [ edit ] Her foray into the world of pageantry began in 2015 when she won Jegeg Bali (Miss Tourism in Bali), where held in Denpasar at the age of eighteen, This also began her charitable activities which she continues to perform to this day. [30] (#cite_note-Jegeg_Bali_2015_(1)-30) [31] (#cite_note-Jegeg_Bali_2015_(2)-31) As Jegeg Bali 2015 she became a charity ambassador for a local non-profit organization (NPO) Smile Foundation of Bali for the past 6 years, Ayu Saraswati donating funds and goods annually, helping to cleft lip and cleft palate patients and witnessed first-hand a Palatoplasty cleft surgery. [30] (#cite_note-Jegeg_Bali_2015_(1)-30) [31] (#cite_note-Jegeg_Bali_2015_(2)-31) Puteri Bali 2020 [ edit ] Ayu Saraswati joined the contest at the provincial level of the Puteri Indonesia Bali 2020, [32] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(1)-32) [33] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(2)-33) and ended up was chosen as the winner of Puteri Indonesia Bali 2020, [20] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(1)-20) [21] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(2)-21) where she also won "Miss Intelligence" special award. [22] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(3)-22) [23] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(4)-23) [24] (#cite_note-Puteri_Bali_2020_(5)-24) Puteri Indonesia 2020 [ edit ] After qualifying the provincial title of Puteri Indonesia Bali 2020, [32] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(1)-32) [33] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(2)-33) Ayu Saraswati represented the province of Bali in the national beauty contest, Puteri Indonesia 2020, which was held on March 6, 2020. [34] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(3)-34) [35] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(4)-35) She was successfully crowned as the winner of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 (Miss International Indonesia 2020) . [36] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(5)-36) [37] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(6)-37) [38] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(7)-38) [39] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(8)-39) by the predecessor of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2019 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) and Miss International 2019 Top 8 Finalist (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Cholock-Rotinsulu) of North Sulawesi (/wiki/North_Sulawesi) . [12] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(9)-12) [13] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(10)-13) [40] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(11)-40) [41] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(12)-41) and won "Puteri Indonesia Nusa-Bali Islands 2020" special awards. [42] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(13)-42) [43] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(14)-43) [44] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(15)-44) [45] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(16)-45) The final coronation night was graced by the reigning Miss International 2019 (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) , Sireethorn Leearamwat (/wiki/Sireethorn_Leearamwat) and Miss International 2017 (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) , Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana_Junaedy) as the guest star. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) Ayu Saraswati on a 2020 Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection) TV-commercial (/wiki/TV-commercial) - "Inspirational Women" on 24 December 2020 [14] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(1)-14) [15] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(2)-15) Indonesian pageant-lover supporting and holding Ayu Saraswati picture, as she competed in Puteri Indonesia 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) . [4] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(2)-4) [5] (#cite_note-Indonesia_PCA_Ambassador_(3)-5) Ayu Saraswati successfully raised her charity foundation called #SangGuruKehidupan , which a Women's empowerment platform across the islands of Indonesia that provide child protection, elderly care and free healthcare programs. Saraswati said: [49] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(17)-49) [50] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(18)-50) [51] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(19)-51) " Bali (/wiki/Bali) and my 38 other confidently beautiful woman can stand on this stage tonight, because some women fought for our rights to pursue our education and our future. Sadly not all are as lucky, to my sisters out there who are still denied of their rights, silenced and abused. Please speak up, because we hear you and we are here for you and it is our turn to fight for you..." — Top 11 Speech Competition [52] (#cite_note-52) Miss International 2022 [ edit ] As the winner of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020, Ayu Saraswati was expected to represent Indonesia at the 60th edition of Miss International 2022 pageant, [53] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(1)-53) [54] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(2)-54) [55] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(3)-55) [56] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(4)-56) to be held in December 2022 at Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. [57] (#cite_note-finale_coronation-57) By the end of the event, Miss International 2019 Sireethorn Leearamwat (/wiki/Sireethorn_Leearamwat) of Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) will crown her successor. [58] (#cite_note-58) During the Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) competition, Ayu Saraswati announced her withdrawal from Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) . Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) will represent Indonesia in place of Saraswati. Saraswati will not represent Indonesia at an international pageant. [59] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(5)-59) [60] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(6)-60) [61] (#cite_note-Miss_International_2021_(7)-61) Ayu Saraswati (left) as the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection of The Republic of Indonesia Ambassador (/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection) together with Minister Of Women (/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection) I Gusti Ayu Bintang Darmawati (/wiki/I_Gusti_Ayu_Bintang_Darmawati) (center), during The Youth Seminar and Press Conference at Jakarta Aquarium and Safari (/wiki/Jakarta_Aquarium) on 2 May 2021. [14] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(1)-14) [15] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_Ambassador_(2)-15) Ayu Saraswati (right) speak in support for the campaign of The Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Indonesia)) press conference on 5 September 2020. [16] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(1)-16) [17] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(2)-17) [18] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(3)-18) [19] (#cite_note-Ministry_of_Environment_Ambassador_(4)-19) See also [ edit ] Puteri Indonesia 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) Miss International 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1st_1-0) "Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2020, Menanti Prestasi Trio Ayuma-Ayu-Jihane" (https://www.jawapos.com/entertainment/09/03/2020/pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2020-menanti-prestasi-trio-ayuma-ayu-jihane/) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian). March 9, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-2nd_2-0) Prokal, Duta (March 9, 2020). "Pageant Fighter Menanti Prestasi Trio Ayuma-Ayu-Jihane" (https://kaltim.prokal.co/read/news/368164-menanti-prestasi-trio-ayuma-ayu-jihane.html) . kaltim.prokal.co by Jawa Pos Group (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian). ^ Jump up to: a b c d "MPR RI Angkat Finalis Puteri Indonesia Sebagai Duta Empat Pilar MPR RI" (https://www.mpr.go.id/berita/mpr-ri-angkat-finalis-puteri-indonesia-sebagai-duta-empat-pilar-mpr-ri) [The People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador for the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI) Appoints Puteri Indonesia Finalists as Ambassador of the Four Pillars of the People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador for the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI)] (in Indonesian). People's Consultative Assembly of The Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly) . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Ayu Saraswati Dkk Jadi Duta MPR RI" (https://www.nusabali.com/berita/70280/ayu-saraswati-dkk-jadi-duta-mpr-ri) [Ayu Saraswati Chosen as the People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador for the Republic of Indonesia] (in Indonesian). Bali Post Media Group (/wiki/Bali_Post_Media_Group) . Retrieved March 13, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Puteri Indonesia Jadi Duta MPR RI" (https://news.detik.com/foto-news/d-4936405/puteri-indonesia-jadi-duta-mpr-ri/4) [Puteri Indonesia being Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador] (in Indonesian). Detik News (/wiki/Detik.com) . Retrieved March 12, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Putri Indonesia 2020 Berkunjung ke MPR" (https://www.mpr.go.id/berita/detail/putri-indonesia-2020-berkunjung-ke-mpr) [Puteri Indonesia 2020 Finalists Attends People's Consultative Assembly of The Republic of Indonesia Press Conference]. People's Consultative Assembly of The Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly) . Retrieved March 13, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-1st_reference_7-0) "Profil Putu Ayu Saraswati, Runner-up 1 Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2020/03/09/140615166/profil-putu-ayu-saraswati-runner-up-1-puteri-indonesia-2020) . Kompas (/wiki/Kompas) (in Indonesian). March 9, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-2nd_reference_8-0) "Profil Lengkap 39 Finalis Puteri Indonesia 2020. Dari Dokter sampai Artis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220531154833/https://zetizen.jawapos.com/show/15161/profil-lengkap-39-finalis-puteri-indonesia-2020-dari-dokter-sampai-artis) (in Indonesian). Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) . March 9, 2020. Archived from the original (https://zetizen.jawapos.com/show/15161/profil-lengkap-39-finalis-puteri-indonesia-2020-dari-dokter-sampai-artis) on May 31, 2022 . Retrieved June 2, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Biodata Putu Ayu Saraswati Lengkap Agama dan Umur, Akan Wakili Indonesia di Miss International 2021" (https://www.rctiplus.com/news/detail/seleb/1418166/biodata-putu-ayu-saraswati-lengkap-agama-dan-umur,-akan-wakili-indonesia-di-miss-international-2021) [Putu Ayu Saraswati Complete Biodata, She Will Represent Indonesia at Miss International 2021] (in Indonesian). RCTI (/wiki/RCTI) . Retrieved August 2, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Biodata-Profil Putu Ayu Saraswati, Runner-up 1 Puteri Indonesia 2020 Asal Bali, Lulusan Kedokteran" (https://jatim.tribunnews.com/2020/03/08/biodata-profil-putu-ayu-saraswati-runner-up-1-puteri-indonesia-2020-asal-bali-lulusan-kedokteran?page=all) [Profile of Medical Graduate Putu Ayu Saraswati, 1st Runner-up of Puteri Indonesia 2020 from Bali] (in Indonesian). Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) . Retrieved March 8, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Selamat, Inilah Profil Lengkap 3 Besar Puteri Indonesia 2020 dari Bali, Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah" (http://www.kalderanews.com/2020/03/selamat-inilah-profil-lengkap-3-besar-puteri-indonesia-2020-dari-bali-jawa-timur-dan-jawa-tengah/) [Congratulations, This is the Top 3 of Puteri Indonesia 2020 Full Profile] (in Indonesian). Kaldera News. March 6, 2020 . Retrieved March 6, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "9 Inspirasi Kebaya ala Putu Ayu, Gadis Bali di Miss International" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200326132613/https://bali.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/diana-ekawati/kebaya-ala-putu-ayu-regional-bali/full) [9 Inspiration from Putu Ayu Saraswati, Goes To Miss International] (in Indonesian). The Bali Times (/wiki/The_Bali_Times) . Archived from the original (https://bali.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/diana-ekawati/kebaya-ala-putu-ayu-regional-bali/full) on March 26, 2020 . Retrieved March 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Putu Ayu Saraswati crowned Miss International Indonesia 2020" (https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-international/putu-ayu-saraswati-crowned-miss-international-indonesia-2020/eventshow/74577668.cms) . Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . Retrieved March 11, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "30 TAHUN INDONESIA RATIFIKASI KHA, WUJUDKAN INDONESIA LAYAK ANAK" (https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/29/2969/30-tahun-indonesia-ratifikasi-kha-wujudkan-indonesia-layak-anak) [30 YEAR OF INDONESIA RATIFICATION OF CRC, MAKE INDONESIAN CHILDREN WORTHY] (in Indonesian). Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection) . Retrieved November 19, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 Kagum dengan Peran Perempuan di Konservasi Jakarta Aquarium & Safari" (https://jakpusnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-441787095/puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-kagum-dengan-peran-perempuan-di-konservasi-jakarta-aquarium-safari) (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) . Retrieved April 17, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Pulihkan Lahan Kritis Cisantana" (https://www.kuningankab.go.id/berita/kementerian-lingkungan-hidup-dan-kehutanan-pulihkan-lahan-kritis-cisantana) [Ministry of Environment and Forestry Restores Critical Land of Cisantana] (in Indonesian). Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Indonesia)) , Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Communication_and_Information_Technology_(Indonesia)) and Government of Kuningan Regency (/wiki/Kuningan_Regency) . Retrieved September 26, 2020 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Bukit Kandis, Lahan Bekas Tambang Yang Jadi Wisata Andalan Dan Membangun Perekonomian Masyarakat Ben" (http://ppid.menlhk.go.id/berita/berita-foto/2474/bukit-kandis-lahan-bekas-tambang-yang-jadi-wisata-andalan-dan-membangun-perekonomian-masyarakat-ben) [Bukit Kandis, Ex-Mining Land Which Is A Mainstay Of Tourism And Building The Economy Of The Ben Community] (in Indonesian). Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Indonesia)) , Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/Ministry_of_Communication_and_Information_Technology_(Indonesia)) and Government of Kuningan Regency (/wiki/Kuningan_Regency) . Retrieved September 26, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Lahan Bekas Tambang Jadi Wisata, Aspek Lingkungan Harus Diperhatikan" (https://poskota.co.id/2020/9/27/lahan-bekas-tambang-jadi-wisata-aspek-lingkungan-harus-diperhatikan?view=all) [Former Mining Land Becomes Tourism, Environmental Aspects Must Be Considered] (in Indonesian). Pos Kota (/wiki/Pos_Kota) . Retrieved September 27, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Putu Ayu Saraswati: Tetap Bugar dengan Konsumsi Jamu" (https://mediaindonesia.com/amp/amp_detail/344439-putu-ayu-saraswati-tetap-bugar-dengan-konsumsi-jamu.html) [Putu Ayu Saraswati: Staying Fit by Consumption of Herbs] (in Indonesian). Media Indonesia (/wiki/Media_Indonesia) . Retrieved September 13, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Potret Putu Ayu Saraswati, Puteri Indonesia Bali 2020 yang Bak Idol" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/muhammad-bimo-aprilianto/potret-putu-ayu-saraswati-puteri-indonesia-bali-2020-yang-bak-idol/full) [Portrait of Putu Ayu Saraswati, The Rising Idol] (in Indonesian). Media Indonesia (/wiki/Media_Indonesia) . Retrieved February 23, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Putu Ayu Saraswati Profile" (https://puteri-indonesia.com/putu-ayu-saraswati/) . Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) . Retrieved February 7, 2020 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Cantiknya Ayu! Pesona Putu Ayu Saraswati Juara 2 Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://wolipop.detik.com/foto-entertainment/d-4930164/cantiknya-ayu-pesona-putu-ayu-saraswati-juara-2-puteri-indonesia-2020) [Beautiful Ayu! Second Winner Putu Ayu Saraswati Flaws the Puteri Indonesia 2020] (in Indonesian). Detik Indonesia (/wiki/Detik.com) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "10 Potret Putu Ayu Saraswati, Gadis Bali yang Ikut Miss International" (https://bali.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/adiputra/wakil-indonesia-di-miss-international-2020-ini-dia-10-potret-putu-ayu-regional-bali/full) [10 Portrait of Putu Ayu saraswati, Balinese Girl That Joining On Miss International 2020] (in Indonesian). Media Indonesia (/wiki/Media_Indonesia) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Putu Ayu Saraswati Asal Bali, Pengagum The Beatles yang Raih Gelar Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020" (https://bali.tribunnews.com/2020/03/07/putu-ayu-saraswati-asal-bali-pengagum-the-beatles-yang-raih-gelar-puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020) [Putu Ayu Saraswati from Bali, admirer of The Beatles who won the title of Miss Indonesia Environment 2020] (in Indonesian). Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Sosok Putu Ayu Saraswati, Runner-up 1 Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4196793/sosok-putu-ayu-saraswati-runner-up-1-puteri-indonesia-2020) [Putu Ayu Saraswati, 1st Runner-up of Puteri Indonesia 2020] (in Indonesian). Liputan 6 (/wiki/Liputan_6) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020, Putu Ayu Ternyata Suka Pilates" (https://www.indosport.com/sportainment/20200307/puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-putu-ayu-ternyata-suka-pilates) [Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020, Putu Ayu Loves Pilates] (in Indonesian). Indosport . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 Putu Ayu Ternyata Menemukan Suka Pilates" (https://today.line.me/id/pc/article/Puteri+Indonesia+Lingkungan+2020+Putu+Ayu+Ternyata+Suka+Pilates-mmwLzz) [Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020, Putu Ayu Finding Loves in Pilates] (in Indonesian). LINE Today News (/wiki/Line_(software)) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Putu_Ayu_Saraswati_Pilates_and_Forums_(3)_28-0) "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 Putu Ayu Saraswati Respon Loker Anya Geraldine: Itu Orang Apa Kipas Tornado?" (https://tasikmalaya.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/amp/pr-062004789/puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-putu-ayu-saraswati-respon-loker-anya-geraldine-itu-orang-apa-kipas-tornado) (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) . Retrieved June 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-World_Forums_29-0) "Jawaban Arti Kebahagiaan ala Putu Ayu Saraswati 'Runner Up 1 Puteri Indonesia' Tuai Pujian di Sosial Media, Seperti Apa?" (https://radarmalang.jawapos.com/headline/07/03/2020/jawaban-arti-kebahagiaan-ala-putu-ayu-saraswati-runner-up-1-puteri-indonesia-tuai-pujian-di-sosial-media-seperti-apa/) [Answers the Meaning of Happiness, Putu Ayu Saraswati ‘2nd Princess of Puteri Indonesia 2020’ Get Lots of Praise on Social Media, Like What?] (in Indonesian). Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Sebelum Jadi Jegeg Bali 2015, Ayu Tak Dapat Dukungan Ayah" (https://bali.tribunnews.com/2015/08/09/sebelum-jadi-jegeg-bali-2015-ayu-tak-dapat-dukungan-ayah) [Before Winning Miss Tourism Bali 2015, Ayu Doesn't Have Permit From Her Dad] (in Indonesian). Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) . Retrieved August 9, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Duta Denpasar-Gianyar Tampil Sebagai Pemenang Jegeg Bagus Bali 2015" (https://bali.antaranews.com/berita/75948/duta-denpasar-gianyar-tampil-sebagai-pemenang-jegeg-bagus-bali-2015) [Denpasar-Gianyar Tourism Ambassador Ended-up Won Miss Tourism Bali 2015] (in Indonesian). Antara (news agency) (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) . Retrieved August 2, 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Profil Lengkap 39 Finalis Puteri Indonesia 2020. Dari Dokter sampai Artis" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220531154833/https://zetizen.jawapos.com/show/15161/profil-lengkap-39-finalis-puteri-indonesia-2020-dari-dokter-sampai-artis) (in Indonesian). Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) . March 9, 2020. Archived from the original (https://zetizen.jawapos.com/show/15161/profil-lengkap-39-finalis-puteri-indonesia-2020-dari-dokter-sampai-artis) on May 31, 2022 . Retrieved June 2, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "One of the biggest beauty pageants of the year – Puteri Indonesia 2020 concluded in Jakarta" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201122155743/https://www.grehindia.com/one-of-the-biggest-beauty-pageants-of-the-year-puteri-indonesia-2020-concluded-in-jakarta/) . grehindia.com. Archived from the original (https://www.grehindia.com/one-of-the-biggest-beauty-pageants-of-the-year-puteri-indonesia-2020-concluded-in-jakarta/) on November 22, 2020 . Retrieved March 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(3)_34-0) "This is How Sheraton Mustika Yogyakarta Celebrated Their Reopening" (https://www.timesindonesia.co.id/read/news/281653/this-is-how-sheraton-mustika-yogyakarta-celebrated-their-reopening) . Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) . Retrieved July 20, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(4)_35-0) "Pemenang Puteri Indonesia 2020, Menanti Prestasi Trio Ayuma-Ayu-Jihane" (https://www.jawapos.com/entertainment/09/03/2020/pemenang-puteri-indonesia-2020-menanti-prestasi-trio-ayuma-ayu-jihane/) [Puteri Indonesia 2020 Winners, Waiting for Ayuma-Ayu-Jihane Achievements] (in Indonesian). Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) . Retrieved March 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(5)_36-0) "Puteri Indonesia Is Expected To Continue To Promote Tourism And The Country's Creative Economy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210110160940/https://dispar.kaltimprov.go.id/post/berita/puteri-indonesia-diharapkan-terus-promosikan-pariwisata-dan-ekonomi-kreatif-tanah-air) . Ministry of Tourism (Indonesia) (/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(Indonesia)) . March 11, 2020. Archived from the original (https://dispar.kaltimprov.go.id/post/berita/puteri-indonesia-diharapkan-terus-promosikan-pariwisata-dan-ekonomi-kreatif-tanah-air) on January 10, 2021 . Retrieved March 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(6)_37-0) "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020, Putu Ayu Saraswati Ingatkan Pentingnya Soal Waktu" (https://poskota.co.id/2020/06/25/puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-putu-ayu-saraswati-ingatkan-pentingnya-soal-waktu) [Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020, Putu Ayu Saraswati Reminds the Importance of Time] (in Indonesian). Pos Kota (/wiki/Pos_Kota) . Retrieved June 25, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(7)_38-0) "Putri Indonesia Ayu Saraswati Kampanyekan Manfaat Air bagi Kehidupan Manusia, Begini Pesannya" (https://poskota.co.id/2020/09/09/putri-indonesia-ayu-saraswati-kampanyekan-manfaat-air-bagi-kehidupan-manusia-begini-pesannya) [Putri Indonesia Ayu Saraswati Campaigns for the Benefits of Water for Human Life, Here's the Message] (in Indonesian). Pos Kota (/wiki/Pos_Kota) . Retrieved September 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(8)_39-0) "Profil Putu Ayu Saraswati, Runner-up 1 Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://today.line.me/id/pc/article/Profil+Putu+Ayu+Saraswati+Runner+up+1+Puteri+Indonesia+2020-v96Mk8) [Putu Ayu Saraswati won 1st Runner-up at Puteri Indonesia 2020] (in Indonesian). LINE Today News (/wiki/Line_(software)) . Retrieved March 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(11)_40-0) "Putu Ayu Saraswati élue Miss International Indonésie 2020" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201023105401/https://www.missitems.be/fr/putu-ayu-saraswati-elue-miss-international-indonesie-2020/) (in French). Miss International Belgium (/wiki/Miss_International_Belgium) . Archived from the original (https://www.missitems.be/fr/putu-ayu-saraswati-elue-miss-international-indonesie-2020/) on October 23, 2020 . Retrieved March 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(12)_41-0) "Putu Ayu Saraswati verkozen tot Miss International Indonesia 2020" (https://www.missitems.be/putu-ayu-saraswati-verkozen-tot-miss-international-indonesia-2020/) (in French). Miss International Belgium (/wiki/Miss_International_Belgium) . Retrieved March 6, 2020 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(13)_42-0) "Pulang Kampung, Ini Akan Dilakukan Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020" (https://www.balipost.com/news/2020/11/12/157361/Pulang-Kampung,Ini-akan-Dilakukan...html) . Bali Post Media Group (/wiki/Bali_Post_Media_Group) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved November 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(14)_43-0) "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 semangati di tengah pandemi" (https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1837392/puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-semangati-di-tengah-pandemi) (in Indonesian). Antara (news agency) (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) . Retrieved November 13, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(15)_44-0) "Puteri Lingkungan 2020 Semangati Warga di Tengah Pandemi" (https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qjqrl5396/puteri-lingkungan-2020-semangati-warga-di-tengah-pandemi) (in Indonesian). Republika (Indonesian newspaper) (/wiki/Republika_(Indonesian_newspaper)) . Retrieved November 14, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(16)_45-0) "Intip Kesiapan Putu Ayu Saraswati di Ajang Miss International dalam Program BAPER SCTV" (https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4240599/intip-kesiapan-putu-ayu-saraswati-di-ajang-miss-international-dalam-program-baper-sctv#) [Take a look on Putu Ayu Saraswati Goes To Miss International in SCTV program] (in Indonesian). Liputan 6 (/wiki/Liputan_6) . April 29, 2020 . Retrieved April 29, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Puteri Indonesia 2020: Woman, you're awesome!" (https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/03/09/woman-youre-awesome/) . BusinessMirror (/wiki/BusinessMirror) . Retrieved March 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Sireethorn Leearamwat assiste à la finale de Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220120020638/https://www.missitems.be/fr/sireethorn-leearamwat-assiste-a-la-finale-de-puteri-indonesia-2020/) (in French). Miss International Belgium (/wiki/Miss_International_Belgium) . Archived from the original (https://www.missitems.be/fr/sireethorn-leearamwat-assiste-a-la-finale-de-puteri-indonesia-2020/) on January 20, 2022 . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Antonnia Porsild, Zozibini Tunzi et Sireethorn Leearamwat sont arrivées à Jakarta" (https://www.missitems.be/fr/antonnia-porsild-zozibini-tunzi-et-sireethorn-leearamwat-sont-arrivees-a-jakarta/) (in French). Miss International Belgium (/wiki/Miss_International_Belgium) . March 5, 2020 . Retrieved March 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(17)_49-0) "Ajakan Damai Putu Ayu Saraswati untuk Pendukung Putri Indonesia" (https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2020/03/07/173000220/ajakan-damai-putu-ayu-saraswati-untuk-pendukung-putri-indonesia) [Putu Ayu Saraswati spreads Peaceful Messages to The Puteri Indonesia Supporters] (in Indonesian). Kompas (/wiki/Kompas) . Retrieved March 7, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(18)_50-0) "Profil Putu Ayu Saraswati, Runner-up 1 Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2020/03/09/140615166/profil-putu-ayu-saraswati-runner-up-1-puteri-indonesia-2020) [Profile of Putu Ayu Saraswati, The 1st Runner-up of Puteri Indonesia 2020] (in Indonesian). Kompas (/wiki/Kompas) . Retrieved March 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(19)_51-0) "Sosok Putu Ayu Saraswati, Runner Up 1 Puteri Indonesia 2020" (https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4196793/sosok-putu-ayu-saraswati-runner-up-1-puteri-indonesia-2020) . Liputan 6 (/wiki/Liputan_6) . Retrieved March 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Puteri Indonesia 2020, Top 11 Speech Competition (HD) from 2:03-2:34" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54Mq6oTEGGk) , YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) , retrieved March 6, 2020 ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(1)_53-0) "Siap ke Miss Internasional, Ini 9 Potret Terbaru Putu Ayu Saraswati" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/marissa-zefanya/potret-terbaru-putu-ayu-saraswati-c1c2) [Ready for Miss International, These are the 9 Latest Portraits of Putu Ayu Saraswati] (in Indonesian). Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) . Retrieved March 3, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(2)_54-0) "Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 Putu Ayu Saraswati, Ternyata Lakukan Ini Untuk Kecantikannya" (https://satunusantaranews.co.id/puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-putu-ayu-saraswati-ternyata-lakukan-ini-untuk-kecantikannya/) (in Indonesian). Nusantara Satu News (/wiki/Nusantara_Satu) . Retrieved September 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(3)_55-0) "Ayu Saraswati, Fokus Siapkan Mental di Miss Internasional Jepang" (https://www.merdeka.com/artis/ayu-saraswati-fokus-siapkan-mental-di-miss-internasional-jepang.html) [Ayu Saraswati, Focuses on Preparing Mentally for Miss International Japan] (in Indonesian). Merdeka News (/w/index.php?title=Merdeka.com&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved November 13, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(4)_56-0) "Putu Ayu Saraswati akan Bawa Budaya Indonesia ke Miss International" (https://www.msn.com/id-id/hiburan/celebrity/putu-ayu-saraswati-akan-bawa-budaya-indonesia-ke-miss-international/ar-BB10X3IU) [Putu Ayu Saraswati Will Bringing The Indonesian Pride to Miss International] (in Indonesian). Microsoft News Indonesia (/wiki/Microsoft_News) . Retrieved March 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-finale_coronation_57-0) "60th Miss International to be held in Yokohama in November" (https://malaya.com.ph/index.php/news_entertainment/60th-miss-international-to-be-held-in-yokohama-in-november/) . Malaya (/wiki/Malaya_(newspaper)) . January 29, 2021 . Retrieved January 29, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Yokohama y Tokio, sedes para el Miss International 2020 que será el 21 de octubre" (https://www.telemetro.com/senorita-panama/2020/01/15/yokohama-tokio-sedes-miss-international/2442082.html) (in Spanish). Telemetro (/wiki/Telemetro) . Retrieved February 15, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(5)_59-0) "Mau Ikuti Miss International di Jepang, Ayu Saraswati Mulai Siapkan Kostum Bali" (https://kumparan.com/kanalbali/mau-ikuti-miss-international-di-jepang-ayu-saraswati-mulai-siapkan-kostum-bali-1ua1qv4imbE) [Want to Join Miss International in Japan, Ayu Saraswati Starts Preparing Balinese Costumes] (in Indonesian). Kumparan News Indonesia (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumparan_(situs_web)) . Retrieved November 13, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(6)_60-0) "Persiapan Putu Ayu Saraswati di Ajang Miss International" (https://www.insertlive.com/hot-gossip/20200309195211-9-84779/persiapan-putu-ayu-saraswati-di-ajang-miss-internasional) [The Preparation of Putu Ayu Saraswati to Miss International] (in Indonesian). Insert (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insert) . Retrieved March 9, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_International_2021_(7)_61-0) "Hidup Seimbang ala Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 Putu Ayu Saraswati" (https://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2021/03/05/hidup-seimbang-ala-puteri-indonesia-lingkungan-2020-putu-ayu-saraswati) [A Balanced Life in the style of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2020 Putu Ayu Saraswati] (in Indonesian). Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) . Retrieved March 5, 2021 . External links [ edit ] Puteri Indonesia Official Website (https://web.archive.org/web/20191214192209/http://puteri-indonesia.com/) Miss International Official Website (https://www.miss-international.org/en/) Ayu Saraswati (https://www.instagram.com/ayusarasw/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Awards and achievements Preceded by Nadia Karina Wijaya (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2019) Puteri Bali (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Bali) 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) Succeeded by Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana (/wiki/Laksmi_De-Neefe_Suardana) Preceded by North Sulawesi (/wiki/North_Sulawesi) – Jolene Marie Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) 2020 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) Succeeded by Jakarta SCR 5 (/wiki/Jakarta) – Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) v t e List of Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) titleholders Ananda ( 2006 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2006) ) Duma Riris Silalahi (/wiki/Duma_Riris_Silalahi) ( 2007 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2007) ) Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra (/wiki/Ayu_Diandra_Sari_Tjakra) ( 2008 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2008) ) Zukhriatul Hafizah Muhammad (/wiki/Zukhriatul_Hafizah_Muhammad) ( 2009 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2009) ) Reisa Kartikasari Broto Asmoro (/wiki/Reisa_Kartikasari) ( 2010 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2010) ) Fiorenza Liza Elly Purnamasari (/wiki/Liza_Elly_Purnamasari) ( 2011 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2011) ) Marisa Sartika Maladewi (/wiki/Marisa_Sartika_Maladewi) ( 2012-13 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2013) ) Elfin Pertiwi Rappa (/wiki/Elfin_Pertiwi_Rappa) ( 2014 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2014) ) Chintya Fabyola (/wiki/Chintya_Fabyola) ( 2015 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2015) ) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin (/wiki/Felicia_Hwang_Yi_Xin) ( 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) ) Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) ( 2017 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2017) ) Vania Fitryanti Herlambang (/wiki/Vania_Fitryanti) ( 2018 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2018) ) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) ( 2019 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2019) ) Putu Ayu Saraswati ( 2020-21 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) ) Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) ( 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) ) Yasinta Aurellia (/wiki/Yasinta_Aurellia) ( 2023 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2023) ) Sophie Kirana (/wiki/Sophie_Kirana) ( 2024 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2024) ) v t e Miss International Indonesia titleholders (/wiki/List_of_Miss_Indonesia_International) Various pageants (1960, 1968-1970, 1974-1977) Wiana Sulastini ( 1960 (/wiki/Miss_International_1960) ) Sylvia Taliwongso ( 1968 (/wiki/Miss_International_1968) ) Irma Hardisurya (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma_Hardisurya) ( 1969 (/wiki/Miss_International_1969) ) Louise Maria Maengkom ( 1970 (/wiki/Miss_International_1970) ) Lydia Arlini Wahab (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia_Arlini_Wahab) ( 1974 (/wiki/Miss_International_1974) ) Yayuk Rahayu Sosiawati ( 1975 (/wiki/Miss_International_1975) ) Treesye Ratri Astuti (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treesye_Ratri_Astuti) ( 1976 (/wiki/Miss_International_1976) ) Indri Hapsari Soeharto (/wiki/Indri_Hapsari_Suharto) ( 1977 (/wiki/Miss_International_1977) ) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) (2007) Rahma Landy Sjahruddin (/wiki/Rahma_Landy_Sjahruddin) ( 2007 (/wiki/Miss_International_2007) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (2023) Farhana Nariswari Wisandana (/wiki/Farhana_Nariswari_Wisandana) ( 2023 (/wiki/Miss_International_2023) ) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) (2008-2022, 2024-present) Duma Riris Silalahi (/wiki/Duma_Riris_Silalahi) ( 2008 (/wiki/Miss_International_2008) ) Ayu Diandra Sari Tjakra (/wiki/Ayu_Diandra_Sari_Tjakra) ( 2009 (/wiki/Miss_International_2009) ) Zukhriatul Hafizah Muhammad (/wiki/Zukhriatul_Hafizah_Muhammad) ( 2010 (/wiki/Miss_International_2010) ) Reisa Kartikasari Broto Asmoro (/wiki/Reisa_Kartikasari) ( 2011 (/wiki/Miss_International_2011) ) Fiorenza Liza Elly Purnamasari (/wiki/Liza_Elly_Purnamasari) ( 2012 (/wiki/Miss_International_2012) ) Marisa Sartika Maladewi (/wiki/Marisa_Sartika_Maladewi) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_International_2013) ) Elfin Pertiwi Rappa (/wiki/Elfin_Pertiwi_Rappa) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_International_2014) ) Chintya Fabyola (/wiki/Chintya_Fabyola) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_International_2015) ) Felicia Hwang Yi Xin (/wiki/Felicia_Hwang_Yi_Xin) ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_International_2016) ) Kevin Lilliana Junaedy (/wiki/Kevin_Lilliana) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_International_2017) ) Vania Fitryanti Herlambang (/wiki/Vania_Fitryanti) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_International_2018) ) Jolene Marie Cholock-Rotinsulu (/wiki/Jolene_Marie_Rotinsulu) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_International_2019) ) Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_International_2022) ) Sophie Kirana (/wiki/Sophie_Kirana) ( 2024 (/wiki/Miss_International_2024) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Indonesia (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐9xm74 Cached time: 20240712185116 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.860 seconds Real time usage: 1.096 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7100/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 184940/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 17608/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 281821/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.574/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 18240484/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase 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Art and fashion collective Bernadette Corporation is a New York City and Paris-based art and fashion collective founded in 1994. Core members include Bernadette van Huy, John Kelsey (/wiki/John_Kelsey_(artist)) , and Antek Walzcak. Bernadette Corporation is known for its performance, fashion, and art which in varying ways emulates and disturbs corporations. [1] (#cite_note-1) Influences from fashion to film include Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Malcolm McLaren (/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren) , and Jean-Luc Godard (/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard) . The group is often described in terms of the Situationist (/wiki/Situationist) movement. History [ edit ] When Bernadette Corporation first formed, they were hired to organize parties at downtown nightclubs. They quickly began making fashion and took part in the world of 1990s underground fashion. In the 1990s, their clothes were published in Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , Purple , Visionaire , Index Magazine , and Artforum (/wiki/Artforum) . They take influences from the "three Bs"; Barthes (/wiki/Roland_Barthes) , Bataille (/wiki/Georges_Bataille) and Baudrillard (/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In the late 1990s, Bernadette Corporation became more productive as a publishing, film, and video group, briefly publishing the magazine Made in USA , named after the Jean-Luc Godard (/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard) film of the same name. In 2001 Bernadette Corporation temporarily merged with Le Parti Imaginaire to make the film Get Rid of Yourself , which retains both fiction and documentary elements. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Bernadette Corporation's other films include; The B.C. Corporate Story, Hell Frozen Over, and Get Rid of Yourself. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Bernadette Van Huy [ edit ] Bernadette van Huy is a New York-based artist and one of the founding members of Bernadette Corporation. She moved to Manhattan at the age of 23 at which point she began to organise parties in New York nightclubs. She is one of the two currently active members of the collective along with John Kelsey. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 1997 she worked as the costume designer for the Harmony Korine film Gummo. [7] (#cite_note-7) Publications [ edit ] Made in USA magazine Bernadette Corporation (Collective). 2004. Reena Spaulings . New York: Semiotext(e). OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 61856276 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61856276) Vasiljevic, David. 2011. Bernadette Corporation: the complete poem . London: Koenig Books Ltd. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 698171014 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/698171014) Exhibitions [ edit ] Bernadette Corporation, Greene Naftali, New York, February 2023 [8] (#cite_note-8) The Gay Signs, Gaga, Los Angeles, May 2017 [9] (#cite_note-9) Bernadette Corporation: 2000 Wasted Years, Artists Space. [10] (#cite_note-10) A Haven for the Soul, Galerie Neu, Berlin, Germany. November–December 2010 [11] (#cite_note-11) The Complete Poem, Greene Naftali, New York, September 2009 [12] (#cite_note-12) Peliculas, Perros Negros, Mexico City, late May - late July 2007 Multiplyplex, Künstlerhaus Stuttgart, March 2007 Bernadette Corporation, How To Cook A Wolf, Kunsthalle Zürich Parallel, January 2007 Be Corpse, Volksbühne Pavilion, Galerie Meerrettich, Berlin, November 2006 Bernadette Corporation - King Kong, Hamburg Kunstverein, January 2006 Bernadette Corporation, Witte de With, Rotterdam, November 2005 Cinéma des damnés / Tout doit disparaître, Galerie Yvon Lambert, Le Studio / Project Room, Paris, Sept. 2004 How to make 'life' fashionable? Galerie Meerrettich, Volksbühne Pavilion, Berlin, October 2003 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.bernadettecorporation.com/) Reena Spaulings: A Novel by Bernadette Corporation (http://www.bernadettecorporation.com/novel.htm) (includes .pdf download) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Bernadette Corporation: Don't have sex with each other." (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/mar/24/bernadette-corporation-ica) The Guardian . March 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kabat, Jennifer (30 March 2013). "Bernadette Corporation" (https://frieze.com/article/bernadette-corporation-1) . Frieze (153) . Retrieved 29 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Introduction to Bernadette Corporation (http://www.bernadettecorporation.com/introduction.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Electronic Arts Intermix films listing (http://www.eai.org/artistTitles.htm?id=10164) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kraus, Chris. "Get Rid of Yourself." Index June 2004. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Bernadette Corporation at Stedelijk Museum " (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/mar/24/bernadette-corporation-ica) Contemporary Art Daily . August 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Bernadette Van Huy BFI" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181103074801/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbe87092b) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Greene Naftali / Bernadette Corporation / 2023" (https://www.greenenaftaligallery.com/exhibitions/bernadette-corporation-2023) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "House of Gaga / Bernadette Corporation / The Gay Signs" (http://www.houseofgaga.com/50_Bernadette_Corporation.php) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Artists Space. 2000 Wasted Years. (http://artistsspace.org/exhibitions/bernadette-corporation) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Frieze Review (http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/bernadette-corporation/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202115301/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/bernadette-corporation/) 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Bernadette Corporation / The Complete Poem / Greene Naftali" (https://www.greenenaftaligallery.com/exhibitions/bernadette-corporation) . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/133452653) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2005098219) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2013786808&CON_LNG=ENG) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/11009753X) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐hf7b2 Cached time: 20240714043220 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.268 seconds Real time usage: 0.356 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 771/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13407/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 964/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 27405/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.177/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4301275/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 332.463 1 -total 29.86% 99.257 1 Template:Authority_control 27.87% 92.641 1 Template:Reflist 16.97% 56.423 1 Template:Short_description 15.92% 52.912 1 Template:Cite_journal 13.68% 45.468 2 Template:OCLC 12.95% 43.066 2 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 9.51% 31.613 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 8.28% 27.513 2 Template:Pagetype 6.54% 21.758 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41780388-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714043220 and revision id 1180205519. 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French fashion designer (born 1971) Alexandre Vauthier Born ( 1971-11-30 ) 30 November 1971 (age 52) Agen (/wiki/Agen) , France (/wiki/France) Nationality French (/wiki/French_people) Education ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) Occupation Fashion designer Label Alexandre Vauthier Alexandre Vauthier (born 30 November 1971) is a French (/wiki/French_people) haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Career [ edit ] He was a student at fashion school ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) from 1991 to 1994. After being a trainee for Thierry Mugler Couture (/wiki/Thierry_Mugler) in 2013, he became an assistant. In 1997 he moved to Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) where he was a head designer for the couture collections for eight years. [1] (#cite_note-1) Vauthier recalls his time with Mugler fondly: "My years at Mugler were extremely formatives at all levels. He taught me to be resourceful, find solutions very quickly." [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2009, he did his first fashion show (/wiki/Fashion_show) with his own label, during Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Ever since, Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) does the shoes for Vauthier's fashion shows. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 2010, he created a clothing line for 3 Suisses (/wiki/3_Suisses) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2011, after getting a makeover (/wiki/Makeover) to Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) for her album 4 (/wiki/4_(Beyonc%C3%A9_album)) , [7] (#cite_note-7) he created yule logs (/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)) for the Grande Epicerie de Paris (/wiki/Le_Bon_March%C3%A9) . [8] (#cite_note-8) For the year 2012 he was the art director (/wiki/Art_director) for the Premium range of brand Pyrenex. [9] (#cite_note-9) The same year Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) chose him to create the look on the cover of her single Girl Gone Wild (/wiki/Girl_Gone_Wild) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2014, he created goodies for Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) with Jacquemus (/wiki/Simon_Porte_Jacquemus) and Yiqing Yin (/wiki/Yiqing_Yin) . [11] (#cite_note-11) From 2011 to 2014 he was a guest member of the Chambre syndicale de la haute couture (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_couture) . Since December 2014, he is an official member, his fashion house being able to use the term " haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) ". [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Style [ edit ] Alexandre Vauthier's collections mostly consist of black and gold. [14] (#cite_note-14) White and Silver also remained prominent in his collection. [15] (#cite_note-15) For the fall-winter 2011–2012 seasons, the collection was all-red. [16] (#cite_note-16) His clothes often feature Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) crystals and embroideries by Maison Lesage (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Lesage) . [17] (#cite_note-17) We can find a "V" (which stands for his name, Vauthier) on several clothes, [18] (#cite_note-18) as well as the jewelry. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Corinne Jeammet (July 9, 2014). "Défilés couture : la sexy attitude d'Alexandre Vauthier" (http://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/tendances/style-defiles/defiles-couture-la-sexy-attitude-dalexandre-vauthier-159533) . francetvinfo.fr (in French). France Télévisions (/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop (September 2012) An Interview with Alexandre Vaultier (https://couturenotebook.com/couture-news/alexandre-vauthier-the-interview) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180901080522/https://couturenotebook.com/couture-news/alexandre-vauthier-the-interview) 2018-09-01 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , couturenotebook.com ^ (#cite_ref-3) Paul-Arthur Jean Marie (December 17, 2014). "Alexandre Vauthier, recrue haute couture" (http://www.gala.fr/mode/les_stars_et_la_mode/alexandre_vauthier_recrue_haute_couture_331576) . gala.fr (in French). Gala (/wiki/Gala_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kahina Sekkai (July 2, 2013). "Alexandre Vauthier, la haute couture à l'état pur" (http://www.parismatch.com/Vivre/Mode/Alexandre-Vauthier-la-Haute-Couture-a-l-etat-pur-520608) . parismatch.com (in French). Paris Match (/wiki/Paris_Match) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Maria Luisa et Alexandre Vauthier pour les 3 Suisses" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150223220056/http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/mode/maria-luisa-et-alexandre-vauthier-pour-les-3-suisses-30-11-2010-1173370.php) . leparisien.fr (in French). Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) . November 30, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/mode/maria-luisa-et-alexandre-vauthier-pour-les-3-suisses-30-11-2010-1173370.php) on February 23, 2015 . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Pauline Gallard (December 1, 2010). "Alexandre Vauthier, Maxime Simoëns: créateurs chouchous des 3Suisses" (http://www.gala.fr/mode/les_stars_et_la_mode/alexandre_vauthier_maxime_simoens_createurs_chouchous_des_3suisses_214799) . gala.fr (in French). Gala (/wiki/Gala_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Beyoncé relookée par Alexandre Vauthier sur la pochette de son nouvel album" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150223210705/http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/mode/beyonce-relookee-par-alexandre-vauthier-sur-la-pochette-de-son-nouvel-album-20-05-2011-1460575.php) . leparisien.fr (in French). Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) . May 20, 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/mode/beyonce-relookee-par-alexandre-vauthier-sur-la-pochette-de-son-nouvel-album-20-05-2011-1460575.php) on February 23, 2015 . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Alexandre Vauthier modélise une collection de bûche de Noël" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150223215431/http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/cuisine/alexandre-vauthier-modelise-une-collection-de-buche-de-noel-30-10-2011-1695241.php) . leparisien.fr (in French). Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) . October 30, 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/cuisine/alexandre-vauthier-modelise-une-collection-de-buche-de-noel-30-10-2011-1695241.php) on February 23, 2015 . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Katya Foreman (February 8, 2012). "Alexandre Vauthier Teams With Pyrenex" (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/alexandre-vauthier-teams-with-pyrenex-5628241) . wwd.com . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Pauline Gallard (February 29, 2012). "Madonna craque pour un Frenchy" (http://www.gala.fr/mode/les_stars_et_la_mode/madonna_craque_pour_un_frenchy_255878) . gala.fr (in French). Gala (/wiki/Gala_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Paul-Arthur Jean Marie (May 6, 2014). "Alexandre Vauthier, Yiqing Yin et Jacquemus collaborent avec Lancôme" (http://www.gala.fr/beaute/tendances_beaute/alexandre_vauthier_yiqing_yin_et_jacquemus_collaborent_avec_lancome._316090) . gala.fr (in French). Gala (/wiki/Gala_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Ronan Tésorière (December 17, 2014). "Alexandre Vauthier, la nouvelle coqueluche couture" (http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/mode/mode-alexandre-vauthier-entre-dans-le-club-des-maisons-haute-couture-17-12-2014-4381161.php) . leparisien.fr (in French). Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Marie-Caroline Bougère (December 17, 2014). "Alexandre Vauthier reçoit l'appellation haute couture" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/alexandre-vauthier-recoit-lappellation-haute-couture-171214-93467) . lefigaro.fr (in French). Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Corrine Jeammet (January 26, 2015). "Alexandre Vauthier, dernier adoubé dans le cercle des maisons haute couture" (http://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/tendances/mode/alexandre-vauthier-dernier-adoube-dans-le-cercle-des-maisons-haute-couture-210299) . francetvinfo.fr (in French). France Télévisions (/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Alexandre Vauthier Spring 2022 Couture Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2022-couture/alexandre-vauthier) . Vogue . 2022-01-25 . Retrieved 2022-05-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Défilé Alexandre Vauthier" (http://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-defiles-de-mode/Automne-hiver-2011-2012-Couture/Femme/Paris/Defile-Alexandre-Vauthier/Defile-Alexandre-Vauthier-1642688) . elle.fr (in French). Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . July 5, 2011 . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Défilés haute couture : Alexandre Vauthier" (https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2015/01/28/2038586-defiles-haute-couture-alexandre-vauthier.html) . ladepeche.fr (in French). La Dépêche (/wiki/La_D%C3%A9p%C3%AAche_du_Midi) . January 28, 2015 . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Elvire Emptaz (July 3, 2013). "Sexy Alexandre Vauthier" (http://www.elle.fr/Mode/Les-defiles-de-mode/Haute-Couture-automne-hiver-2013-2014/Femme/Paris/Defile-Alexandre-Vauthier/Sexy-Alexandre-Vauthier-2471630) . elle.fr (in French). Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . Further reading [ edit ] Delphine Perez et Ronan Tésorière (January 28, 2015). "Haute couture : les robes sensuelles d'Alexandre Vauthier" (http://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/mode/haute-couture-les-robes-sexy-de-alexandre-vauthier-28-01-2015-4485871.php) . leparisien.fr (in French). Le Parisien (/wiki/Le_Parisien) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . Faustine François (February 15, 2010). "Alexandre Vauthier, à géométrie variable" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/p-strong-alexandre-vauthier-strong-br-a-geometrie-variable-p-97859) . lefigaro.fr (in French). Le Figaro (/wiki/Le_Figaro) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . Marie Pujolas (January 31, 2015). "Le couturier Alexandre Vauthier met à l'honneur ses "petites mains" talentueuses" (http://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/tendances/style-defiles/le-couturier-alexandre-vauthier-met-a-lhonneur-ses-petites-mains-talentueuses-210797) . francetvinfo.fr (in French). France Télévisions (/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . Julien Neuville (February 5, 2015). "Alexandre Vauthier : ma vie en images" (http://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2015/02/05/alexandre-vauthier-ma-vie-en-images_4565672_4497319.html) . lemonde.fr (in French). Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) . Retrieved February 23, 2015 . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Cartier (jeweler) (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐mnpvs Cached time: 20240715104426 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.037 seconds Real time usage: 0.053 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 388/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.017/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627054/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 45.578 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 45.578 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70517434-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715104426 and revision id 1174757285. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Cartier" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Cartier (jeweler) (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)) B Arnaud Bamberger (/wiki/Arnaud_Bamberger) C Cartier Building (/wiki/Cartier_Building) Cartier Racing Award (/wiki/Cartier_Racing_Award) Cartier Tank (/wiki/Cartier_Tank) Cartier Women's Initiative Awards (/wiki/Cartier_Women%27s_Initiative_Awards) Jacques Cartier (jeweler) (/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_(jeweler)) Louis Cartier (/wiki/Louis_Cartier) Pierre C. Cartier (/wiki/Pierre_C._Cartier) F Laurent Feniou (/wiki/Laurent_Feniou) Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain (/wiki/Fondation_Cartier_pour_l%27Art_Contemporain) L Love bracelet (Cartier) (/wiki/Love_bracelet_(Cartier)) P Patiala Necklace (/wiki/Patiala_Necklace) Portland Tiara (/wiki/Portland_Tiara) Q Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire (/wiki/Queen_Marie_of_Romania_Sapphire) T Taylor–Burton Diamond (/wiki/Taylor%E2%80%93Burton_Diamond) Jeanne Toussaint (/wiki/Jeanne_Toussaint) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cartier&oldid=1174757285 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cartier&oldid=1174757285) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery companies of France (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_companies_of_France) Hidden category: Wikipedia categories named after companies of France (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_companies_of_France)
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In this Portuguese name (/wiki/Portuguese_name) , the first or maternal family name (/wiki/Surname) is Piva and the second or paternal family name is Albuquerque . Eliana Maria Piva de Albuquerque Tranchesi Born ( 1955-11-24 ) November 24, 1955 Died February 24, 2012 (2012-02-24) (aged 56) Occupation Entrepreneur Known for Owner of Daslu fashion house Eliana Maria Piva de Albuquerque Tranchesi (November 24, 1955 – February 24, 2012) was a Brazilian entrepreneur and owner of Daslu (/wiki/Daslu) , a fashion house, located in São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) that specializes in international brands. [1] (#cite_note-1) She brought to Brazilian (/wiki/Brazil) stores the brands of Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Chloe (/wiki/Chloe) , Cacharel (/wiki/Cacharel) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , Goyard (/wiki/Goyard) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) and Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) . Biography [ edit ] Daughter of Lucia Piva, co-founder of Daslu, Eliana was married to doctor Bernardino Tranchesi with whom she had three children: Bernardino, Luciana and Marcella Tranchesi. After her mother's death in 2005, Eliana began running the store, eventually leaving the Vila Nova Conceição location and moving to a larger space on the exterior, renamed Villa Daslu. Prison [ edit ] On July 13, 2005, the Brazilian Attorney General, the IRS and the Federal Police conducted "Operation Narcissus". Eliana was arrested along with her brother Antonio Carlos Piva de Albuquerque and several company officials and importers related to Daslu. However, she was released shortly after testifying. In April 2008, federal prosecutors asked for Tranchesi's conviction along with six co-conspirators involved in the alleged scheme of fraudulent imports. On March 26, 2009, the Justice Department gave her the maximum sentence of 94.5 years in prison. [2] (#cite_note-ELIANA-DEIXA-PRESIDIO/FOL/27-MAR-2009-2) The other six defendants were also convicted and all were charged with conspiracy, forgery and attempted embezzlement and consummated - lawful to import or export goods without the proper tax payments. Federal police arrested her in compliance with the court decision the same day, but the defense filed a writ of habeas corpus, and Tranchesi was released within about thirty-six hours, pending further appeal. [3] (#cite_note-WWD-TranchesiRelease-3) Illness and death [ edit ] In 2006, Eliana revealed that she had removed a lung tumor that had metastasized in her spine and was undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions. She died at dawn on February 24, 2012, in Albert Einstein Hospital (/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Hospital) in São Paulo, of complications from lung cancer (/wiki/Lung_cancer) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Do G1, em São Paulo (24 February 2012). "G1 - Morre a empresária Eliana Tranchesi, ex-dona da Daslu - notícias em São Paulo" (http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/noticia/2012/02/morre-em-sao-paulo-eliana-tranchesi-dona-da-daslu-diz-hospital.html) . G1.globo.com . Retrieved 2012-05-19 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-ELIANA-DEIXA-PRESIDIO/FOL/27-MAR-2009_2-0) Dona de Daslu e outros dois condenados por sonegação deixam prisão (http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u541899.shtml) - Folha Online, 27 de março de 2009}} ^ (#cite_ref-WWD-TranchesiRelease_3-0) Kepp, Michael (2009-03-31). "Daslu's Tranchesi Released Awaiting Appeal" (https://wwd.com/business-news/legal/daslus-tranchesi-released-awaiting-appeal-2087876/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 2020-07-08 . 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Mexican clothing store chain A Cuidado con el Perro store in Tlaxcala (/wiki/Tlaxcala) closed during the COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) pandemic Cuidado con el Perro (Spanish: Beware of the dog ) is a chain of more than 200 clothing stores across Mexico, the United States, and Guatemala owned by Grupo Alfra . It was founded in 2007. [1] (#cite_note-canda-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Brand concept [ edit ] The brand has clothing lines for women, children and men and states that the lines are for people living an urban lifestyle who like to keep up with the latest worldwide trends. [3] (#cite_note-telediario-3) Stores [ edit ] Store sizes range from 115 to 2,400 square meters and are present in shopping malls and shopping streets across Mexico, the United States and Guatemala. [3] (#cite_note-telediario-3) Grupo Alfar [ edit ] Grupo Alfar is a family business founded in 1990, initially as Avante Textil , in the hands of Rafael Kalach Romano . The company manages clothing brands such as Cuidado con el Perro, Óptima and García. In June 2023 Grupo Alfra bought C&A (/wiki/C%26A) Mexico, which in June 2023 had 78 stores across the country, [1] (#cite_note-canda-1) and had grown to 85 stores by December 2023. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Celis, Fernanda (15 June 2023). "Cuidado con el Perro adquiere C&A México, tras desistimiento de Axo" (https://www.axisnegocios.com/articulo.phtml?id=120465) [Cuidado con el Perro acquires C&A Mexico, after Axo pulls out]. www.axisnegocios.com (in Spanish) . Retrieved 21 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Noguez, Roberto (15 December 2023). "Beware of the dog! Grupo Alfar se hace de C&A en México" (https://www.forbes.com.mx/cuidado-con-el-perro-grupo-alfar-se-hace-de-ca-en-mexico/) [Cuidado con el Perro Grupo Alfar gets C&A Mexico]. Forbes México (in Mexican Spanish) . Retrieved 21 December 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cuidado con el Perro: quién es su dueño" (https://www.telediario.mx/economia/cuidado-con-el-perro-quien-es-su-dueno) . Telediario México (in Mexican Spanish). 16 June 2023 . Retrieved 21 December 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Valladolid, Mónica (31 October 2023). "C&A cierra el año con más aperturas que en 2022 mientras espera pasar a Grupo Alfar" (https://www.forbes.com.mx/ca-cierra-2023-mas-aperturas-que-2022-espera-pasar-a-grupo-alfar/) [C&A closes the year with more store openings than 2022, while it awaits its transfer to Grupo Alfar]. Forbes México (in Mexican Spanish) . Retrieved 21 December 2023 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cuidado con el Perro (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuidado_con_el_Perro) . Official website (in Spanish) (https://www.cuidadoconelperro.com.mx) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐vdhtt Cached time: 20240720165029 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.377 seconds Real time usage: 0.628 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 535/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12035/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 815/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17607/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.260/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 14991911/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 443.770 1 -total 36.68% 162.796 1 Template:Reflist 30.74% 136.409 4 Template:Cite_news 26.74% 118.648 1 Template:Lang-es 24.86% 110.321 1 Template:Short_description 15.27% 67.774 2 Template:Pagetype 10.59% 47.009 1 Template:Commons_cat 9.52% 42.251 1 Template:Sister_project 8.98% 39.832 1 Template:Side_box 6.06% 26.913 3 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:75619303-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165029 and revision id 1221981362. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuidado_con_el_Perro&oldid=1221981362 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuidado_con_el_Perro&oldid=1221981362) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing retailers of Mexico (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Mexico) Hidden categories: CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)) CS1 Mexican Spanish-language sources (es-mx) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Mexican_Spanish-language_sources_(es-mx)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Spanish-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Clothing worn by infants "Baby clothes" redirects here. For the 1926 silent film (/wiki/Silent_film) , see Baby Clothes (/wiki/Baby_Clothes) . Baby clothes. Infant clothing or baby clothing is clothing (/wiki/Clothing) made for infants (/wiki/Infant) . Baby fashion is a social-cultural consumerist practice that encodes in children's fashion the representation of many social features and depicts a system characterized by differences in social class, richness, gender, or ethnicity. Size [ edit ] Infant and toddler clothing size is typically based on age. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsumer_Reports-1) These are usually preemie for a preterm birth (/wiki/Preterm_birth) baby, 0 to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, 6 to 9 months, 9 to 12 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months, though there is no industry standard definition for those sizes. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsumer_Reports-1) Most retailers provide sizing charts based on a child's weight, height, or both, and the child's weight and height percentile (/wiki/Weight_and_height_percentile) may also be used for properly sizing clothing for the infant. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsumer_Reports-1) In an article in the October 1945 issue of Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) , B. F. Skinner (/wiki/B._F._Skinner) stated that clothing and bedding "interfere with normal exercise and growth and keep the baby from taking comfortable postures or changing posture during sleep". [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkinner1945-2) An infant may stretch (/wiki/Stretching) , necessitating clothing that is sufficiently loose to allow movement. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeegum200518-3) Styles [ edit ] A baby wearing a bodysuit Comfort, mobility and ease of access are major aspects of modern baby clothes. In Western countries babies typically wear bodysuits (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) and babygrows (/wiki/Babygrow) (known in American English (/wiki/American_English) by various names such as sleepers or footies ). If it is warm enough, these might be sufficient for both daytime and nightwear, supplemented by bibs (/wiki/Bib_(garment)) for feeding time. For cooler weather and more formal occasions, they might become underwear beneath outfits more comparable to those worn by adults. While these outer clothes often feature child-friendly images such as cartoons, for especially formal occasions such as weddings infants might wear scaled down adult styles such as mini- tuxedos (/wiki/Black_tie) . During warmer summer months rompers and 2-in-1 dresses (a dress top half with a romper under section) are very popular choices. These styles of clothing allow young babies to move around with ease and comfort. A baby in a snowsuit In cold weather, outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) such as snowsuits (/wiki/Snowsuit) can keep babies warm. This newborn is wearing mittens to prevent accidental scratches. For young babies garments will often have full leg and back openings to allow for easy nappy changing. Other helpful features also include fold over scratch mitts to the sleeves, to help prevent very young babies from accidentally scratching themselves. Snaps (/wiki/Snap_fastener) (also known as poppers) or zip (/wiki/Zipper) fastenings have become more popular because they are easier to use than traditional buttons (/wiki/Button) . Due to babies' soft skin, one of the more important attributes to look for in infant and baby clothing is that the clothes are soft and not rough. Soft baby clothes made from organic cotton or eco-friendly materials are becoming more popular. There are even infant clothes now made with bamboo rayon (/wiki/Bamboo_textile#Bamboo_rayon) fibres which are marketed as being breathable and soft to the touch. Materials [ edit ] Infant clothing comes in a variety of materials, such as bamboo or cotton. Bamboo is a popular style and is well liked because of its very soft feel, however it tends to pill easily with wear. In addition to regular cotton, infant cotton clothing comes in different varieties. Brushed cotton feels luxuriously smooth and cool thanks to a unique finishing technique called brushing. Pima cotton is a high-end type of cotton with longer fibers than conventional cotton. It has a reputation for producing a smooth fabric that’s soft to the touch, wrinkle-resistant, and ultra-durable. Dangers [ edit ] See also: Infant mortality (/wiki/Infant_mortality) Excessive thermal insulation (/wiki/Thermal_insulation) has been associated with an increased incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (/wiki/Sudden_infant_death_syndrome) (SIDS). The primary causes are an excess of bedding or clothing, soft sleep surfaces, and stuffed animals (/wiki/Stuffed_animal) . [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlemingLevineAzazWigfield1993-4) The odds ratio (/wiki/Odds_ratio) of SIDS associated with thermal insulation at least two togs (/wiki/Tog_(unit)) above the lower critical value (after adjusting for the season and confounding (/wiki/Confounding) factors) was 1.35 in a New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand) study, which also found that SIDS had some correlation with too little thermal insulation. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsTaylorMitchell1996-5) A 1984 study of 34 infant cot deaths found that for 2/3 excessive clothing and over-wrapping was a contributing cause. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanton1984-6) Clothing was responsible for an increased incidence of congenital hip dislocation (/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(human)#Congenital) (CDH) in Japanese infants. By custom, a diaper (/wiki/Diaper) and clothing had been applied to the infants "with the legs in extension". [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIshida1977-7) Before 1965, the incidence of CDH in infants was up to 3.5%, but a national campaign established in 1975 "to avoid prolonged extension of the hips and knees of infants during the early postnatal period" led to a reduction in the incidence of CDH in infants to 0.2% by the early 1980s. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYamamuroIshida1984-8) Fire hazard [ edit ] Close-fitting nightwear is "invariably safer than long, loose nightwear". [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordonPressley1978-9) Canada (/wiki/Canada) prohibits the importation, sale, or advertising of classes of clothing and other consumer products that do not meet the minimum flammability standards. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealth_Canada-10) Standards for infant and children's sleepwear were defined in 1971 and amended in 1987 as part of the Hazardous Products Act (/wiki/Canada_Consumer_Product_Safety_Act) . [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealth_Canada-10) Any textile product must also satisfy textile labeling requirements specified in the Textile Labelling Act (/w/index.php?title=Textile_Labelling_Act&action=edit&redlink=1) administered by the Competition Bureau (/wiki/Competition_Bureau) of Industry Canada (/wiki/Industry_Canada) . [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealth_Canada-10) In the United States, textile flammability is subject to the U.S. Flammable Fabrics Act (/wiki/U.S._Flammable_Fabrics_Act) . A study found that children less than five years old had a higher incidence of sleepwear fires than other age groups and that they had an "unreasonable risk of death or injury from fire accidents involving sleepwear". [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESita1977-11) This led to the first flammability standard for infant and children's sleepwear. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESita1977-11) On 30 April 1996, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Commission) relaxed standards for children's sleepwear flammability, allowing retailers to sell "tight-fitting children's sleepwear and sleepwear for infants aged 9 months or younger" that does not meet the flammability criteria. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECusickGrantKucan1997-12) An infant clothing retail shop in the old town of Čakovec (/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec) , Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) . Hygiene and health [ edit ] Infants may have allergic (/wiki/Allergy) reactions to certain materials, especially synthetic fibres (/wiki/Synthetic_fibre) such as polyester (/wiki/Polyester) , rayon (/wiki/Rayon) , and nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , and natural fibres (/wiki/Natural_fibre) such as wool (/wiki/Wool) . [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeegum200519-13) See also [ edit ] Breeching (boys) (/wiki/Breeching_(boys)) Infant bodysuit (/wiki/Infant_bodysuit) Shortcoating (/wiki/Shortcoating) Swaddling (/wiki/Swaddling) Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Consumer Reports (#CITEREFConsumer_Reports) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkinner1945_2-0) Skinner 1945 (#CITEREFSkinner1945) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeegum200518_3-0) Beegum 2005 (#CITEREFBeegum2005) , p. 18. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlemingLevineAzazWigfield1993_4-0) Fleming et al. 1993 (#CITEREFFlemingLevineAzazWigfield1993) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsTaylorMitchell1996_5-0) Williams, Taylor & Mitchell 1996 (#CITEREFWilliamsTaylorMitchell1996) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanton1984_6-0) Stanton 1984 (#CITEREFStanton1984) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIshida1977_7-0) Ishida 1977 (#CITEREFIshida1977) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYamamuroIshida1984_8-0) Yamamuro & Ishida 1984 (#CITEREFYamamuroIshida1984) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordonPressley1978_9-0) Gordon & Pressley 1978 (#CITEREFGordonPressley1978) . ^ Jump up to: a b c Health Canada (#CITEREFHealth_Canada) . ^ Jump up to: a b Sita 1977 (#CITEREFSita1977) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECusickGrantKucan1997_12-0) Cusick, Grant & Kucan 1997 (#CITEREFCusickGrantKucan1997) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeegum200519_13-0) Beegum 2005 (#CITEREFBeegum2005) , p. 19. References [ edit ] Beegum, M. Raheema (2005). Speaking of Child Care and Nutrition . New Dawn Press Group, Sterling Publishing (/wiki/Sterling_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781845570279 . Condra, Jill, ed. (2008). "1801 to the Present". The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History . Vol. 3. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313336652 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2007030705 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2007030705) . Cusick, Janet M.; Grant, Ernest J.; Kucan, John (September–October 1997). "Children's Sleepwear: Relaxation of the Consumer Product Safety Commission's Flammability Standards" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-199709000-00020) . Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation . 18 (5): 469–476. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/00004630-199709000-00020 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00004630-199709000-00020) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9313132 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9313132) . Danziger, Pamela (2004). Why People Buy Things They Don't Need: Understanding and Predicting Consumer Behavior . Kaplan Financial Series. Kaplan Publishing (/wiki/Kaplan_Publishing) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0793186020 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2004003269 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2004003269) . Fleming, PJ; Levine, MR; Azaz, Y; Wigfield, R; Stewart, AJ (August 1993). "Interactions between thermoregulation and the control of respiration in infants: possible relationship to sudden infant death". Acta Paediatrica . 82 (Supplemental s390): 57–59. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12878.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.1993.tb12878.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 8374195 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8374195) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 44497216 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44497216) . Gordon, P.G.; Pressley, T.A. (September 1978). "The fire hazard of children's nightwear: the Australian experience in developing clothing fire hazard standards". Burns . 5 (1): 13–18. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/0305-4179(78)90034-7 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0305-4179%2878%2990034-7) . Ishida, Katsumasa (July–August 1977). "Prevention of the Development of the Typical Dislocation of the Hip". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research . 126 (126): 167–169. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/00003086-197707000-00028 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00003086-197707000-00028) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 27871252 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27871252) . Leach, William R. (1994). Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture . Vintage Series. Vintage Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0679754114 . Shakin, Madeline; Shakin, Debra; Hall Sternglanz, Sarah (May 1985). "Infant clothing: Sex labeling for strangers". Sex Roles . 12 (9–10): 955–964. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1007/bf00288097 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf00288097) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0360-0025 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0360-0025) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 144811855 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144811855) . Peterson, Amy T.; Kellogg, Ann T., eds. (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through American History 1900 to the Present: 1900-1949 . Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313334177 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2008024624 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2008024624) . Sita, Rose Marie (1977). "Fire Resistant Sleepwear for Young Hospital Patients". Hospital Topics . 55 (4): 40–41. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/00185868.1977.9950414 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00185868.1977.9950414) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0018-5868 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0018-5868) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 885528 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/885528) . Skinner, B.F. (/wiki/B._F._Skinner) (October 1945). "Baby in a box". Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) . Stanton, A.N. (November 1984). "Overheating and cot death" (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2884%2992753-3/abstract) . The Lancet (/wiki/The_Lancet) . 324 (8413): 1199–1201. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92753-3 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2884%2992753-3) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 6150244 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6150244) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 206001647 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206001647) . Williams, MS; Taylor, BJ; Mitchell, EA (April 1996). "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Insulation from Bedding and Clothing and its Effect Modifiers" (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F25.2.366) . International Journal of Epidemiology (/wiki/International_Journal_of_Epidemiology) . 25 (2). National Cot Death Study Group: 366–375. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/ije/25.2.366 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2F25.2.366) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 9119562 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9119562) . Yamamuro, Takao; Ishida, Katsumasa (April 1984). "Recent Advances in the Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip in Japan". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research . 184 (184): 24–40. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1097/00003086-198404000-00005 (https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00003086-198404000-00005) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 10622769 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10622769) . "Baby clothes buying guide" (http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/baby-clothes/buying-guide.htm) . Baby clothes . Consumer Reports (/wiki/Consumer_Reports) . Retrieved 2013-06-12 . "Flammability of Textile Products in Canada" (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pubs/indust/flammability-inflammabilite/index-eng.php) , Consumer Product Safety , Health Canada (/wiki/Health_Canada) , 2009, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780662063513 , retrieved 2013-06-12 "424330 Women's, Children's, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant Wholesalers" (https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=424330&search=2012%20NAICS%20Search) . 2012 NAICS Definition . United States Census Bureau (/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau) . 2 November 2010 . Retrieved 2013-06-12 . "448130 Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores" (https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?code=424330&search=2012%20NAICS%20Search) . 2012 NAICS Definition . United States Census Bureau (/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau) . 2 November 2010 . Retrieved 2013-06-12 . "Baby clothing: What to look for—and avoid" (https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2009/07/baby-clothing-what-to-look-for-and-avoid/index.htm) . Sources [ edit ] Bailey, Reg. Letting children be children. Report of an Independent Review of the Commercialisation and Sexualisation of Childhood. Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Education by Command of Her Majesty, June 2011; Bogt & Rutger C. M. E. Engels & Sanne Bogers &Kloosterman. Shake It Baby, Shake It: Media Preferences, Sexual Attitudes and Gender Stereotypes Among Adolescents. Sex Roles; 63; pp. 844–859; 2010; Bragg; Buckingham; Russel; Willet. Too much, too soon? Children, ‘sexualization’ and consumer culture. Sex Education, Sexuality, Society and Learning; Callahan, Colleen, and Jo B. Paoletti. Is It a Girl or a Boy? Gender Identity and Children's Clothing. Richmond, Va.: The Valentine Museum, 1999; Cherney; London. Gender-linked differences in the toys, television shows, computer games and outdoor activities of 5- to 13-year-old children. Sex Roles 54; pp. 717–726; 2006; Connell, Raewyn. Quality of human resources: gender and indigenous – Quality Gender, men and masculinities. Connell, Raewyn. Questioni di genere. Il Mulino; 2009; pp. 167–168 Johnson, Charlotte. An infant's clothing-swaddle, gown, shirt and coif. Atlanta kingdom arts and science festival, March 2006; Klepp; Storm-Mathisen. Reading Fashion as Age: Teenage Girls' and Grown Women's Accounts of Clothing as Body and Social Status. Fashion Theory, The Journal of Dress, Body and Culture; Leinbach; Hort (University of Oregon); Fagot (University of Oregon and Oregon social learning center). Bears are for boys: metaphorical associations in young children's gender stereotypes. Cognitive development; 12; pp. 107–130; 1997; Twigg. Clothing, identity and the embodiment of age. In Powell and Gilbert “Aging and identity: a postmodern dialogue”, Nova Science publisher, New York, 2009; Wright, revised by Constance Kratzer. Clothing hints for young children. Mexico State University, department of agriculture operating; Further reading [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baby clothing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Baby_clothing) . Barraclough Paoletti, Jo (2012). Pink and Blue: Telling the Boys from the Girls in America . Indiana University Press (/wiki/Indiana_University_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780253001177 . LCCN (/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) 2011039889 (https://lccn.loc.gov/2011039889) . Reeves, Wilson A.; Barker, Robert H. (1977). "Fire-resistant apparel fabrics". CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control . 8 (1–4): 91–100. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 1977CREC....8...91R (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977CREC....8...91R) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/10643387709381659 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10643387709381659) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0007-8999 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-8999) . Stanwick, Richard S. (1985). "Clothing burns in Canadian children" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1345939) . Canadian Medical Association Journal (/wiki/Canadian_Medical_Association_Journal) . 132 (10): 1143–1149. PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 1345939 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1345939) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 3995433 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3995433) . Wilson, CA; Taylor, BJ; Laing, RM; Williams, SM; Mitchell, EA (December 1994). "Clothing and bedding and its relevance to sudden infant death syndrome: Further results from the New Zealand Cot Death Study". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health . 30 (6). New Zealand Cot Death Study Group: 506–512. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00722.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1754.1994.tb00722.x) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 7865263 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7865263) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 26300029 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26300029) . 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Chinese six-segmented skullcap Guapi mao Guapi mao (瓜皮帽), worn by Chen Jitong Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 瓜皮帽 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Guāpí mào Guapi mao ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 瓜皮帽 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E7%9A%AE%E5%B8%BD) ; lit. 'Melon rind cap', Mongolian (/wiki/Mongolian_language) : Тоорцог ) is a type of skullcap, a male traditional headgear (/wiki/List_of_hanfu_headwear) worn in China (/wiki/China) starting from the Qing Dynasty (/wiki/Qing_Dynasty) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It is made in the shape of a hemisphere and is divided into segments and is named for its resemblance to a watermelon rind. History [ edit ] Example of Liuheyitong mao from the Ming Dynasty (/wiki/Ming_Dynasty) . The guapi mao started as the taller Liuheyitong mao (六合一統帽) (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%BD) (meaning Six-in-One Unified cap) invented during the Ming Dynasty (/wiki/Ming_Dynasty) by the Hongwu Emperor (/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor) . Traditionally, it is divided into six sections- symbolizing the sky, the earth, and the four cardinal directions- to represent the unification of China. [2] (#cite_note-2) The guapi mao is shorter than the liuheyitong mao, more resembling a skullcap. It is also a distinctively Manchu (/wiki/Manchu_People) -influenced style of headwear. [3] (#cite_note-scimus-3) Design and Materials [ edit ] Guapi mao may be divided into six or eight segments. They are brimless and may have bamboo boning to make it keep its shape. Guapi mao are traditionally made with black silk (/wiki/Silk) , wool, gauze, or damask (/wiki/Damask) , but can be multicolored. [4] (#cite_note-4) They may have embroidered designs or decorations attached to denote a 'front' side. The top may also be decorated, often with a bobble or braided tassel. [3] (#cite_note-scimus-3) Other usage [ edit ] The emoji (/wiki/Emoji) 'Man with Chinese Hat' (👲) is displayed as a man wearing a guapi mao. It was approved as part of Unicode 6.0 (/wiki/Unicode_6.0) . Character information Preview 👲 Unicode name MAN WITH GUA PI MAO Encodings decimal hex Unicode (/wiki/Unicode) 128114 U+1F472 UTF-8 (/wiki/UTF-8) 240 159 145 178 F0 9F 91 B2 UTF-16 (/wiki/UTF-16) 55357 56434 D83D DC72 GB 18030 (/wiki/GB_18030) 148 57 212 56 94 39 D4 38 Numeric character reference (/wiki/Numeric_character_reference) 👲 👲 Shift JIS (/wiki/Shift_JIS) ( au by KDDI (/wiki/Au_by_KDDI) ) [5] (#cite_note-EmojiSrc-5) 243 213 F3 D5 Shift JIS (/wiki/Shift_JIS) ( SoftBank 3G (/wiki/SoftBank_Mobile) ) [5] (#cite_note-EmojiSrc-5) 251 182 FB B6 References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 崔, 荣荣; 牛, 犁 (2017). "从瓜皮帽的流行演变看社会变迁". 江西社会科学 (in Chinese) (8): 133–137. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Tang, Qicui (2020-07-18). Ritual Civilization and Mythological Coding: Cultural Interpretation of Li Ji . Springer Nature. p. 163. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-981-15-4393-7 . Retrieved 2023-11-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Peoples in northeast China and Inner Mongol_Virtual Science Museum of China" (http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/nationalityne/man/200312050047.html) . www.kepu.net.cn . Chinese Academy of Sciences. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160719011626/http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/nationalityne/man/200312050047.html) from the original on 19 July 2016 . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Niu, Li; Shen, Linlin (31 October 2021). "Analysis of Modellings, Techniques and Functions of the Chinese Skullcap" (http://fibtex.lodz.pl/2021/5/86.pdf) (PDF) . Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe . 29 (5(149)): 86–90. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9310 (https://doi.org/10.5604%2F01.3001.0014.9310) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220617010719/http://fibtex.lodz.pl/2021/5/86.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2022 . Retrieved 28 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b Unicode Consortium (/wiki/Unicode_Consortium) . "Emoji Sources" (https://www.unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/EmojiSources.txt) . Unicode Character Database . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230613003915/https://www.unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/EmojiSources.txt) from the original on 2023-06-13 . Retrieved 2023-11-26 . 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Ukrainian fashion designer Anna October Anna October is a Ukrainian womenswear designer and founder of her eponymous brand. Anna October design is known for its feminine, graceful and yet playful aesthetics which provide a perfect “date-ready look”, recognized by fashion insiders and consumers all over the world. Anna October clothing is available in more than 40 online and offline stores including SSENSE, Galeries Lafayette and Moda Operandi. In 2014, she was a finalist for the LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Prize. In 2022, Anna October joined The BoF 500 list (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/bof500/2022) . Anna October developed a sustainable ethos within the brand. Collections are created using deadstock textile. Brand maintains expert tailoring. Significant amount of the pieces are handcrafted by using re-imagined artisanal techniques for modern clothes. Early life [ edit ] Anna October was born in Zaporizhzhia (/wiki/Zaporizhzhia) , Ukraine on 31 December 1990. She early developed a genuine interest in fashion and left school to learn pattern cutting and tailoring. At the age of 17, she moved to Odesa (/wiki/Odesa) to pursue her education in fine art at the oldest and renowned schools of arts in Ukraine, the Grekov Odesa Art School (/wiki/Grekov_Odesa_Art_School) . Career [ edit ] In 2010, at the age of 19, Anna October made her first capsule collection, which immediately gained the attention of the Ukrainian fashion community. The further development led to brand's recognition far beyond Ukraine. In 2014, Anna October was shortlisted for fashion's most prestigious prize for young designers LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Prize. In 2017, she became a part of the Mercedes-Benz "Generation Now, Generation Next", the project aimed to highlight international talents in the sphere of fashion design. Since that time, the brand has increased its presence in selective retail spaces such as Moda Operandi (/wiki/Moda_Operandi) , Galeries Lafayette (/wiki/Galeries_Lafayette) , SSENSE (/wiki/SSENSE) , FWRD to name a few. In the autumn of 2022, Anna October joined The BoF 500 list (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/bof500/2022) and presented her collection at Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) for the first time. Russian full-scale invasion to Ukraine [ edit ] In February 2022, due to the devastating full-scale war unleashed by Russia in Ukraine, Anna October was forced to flee Ukraine and moved to Paris, where she continued to work on her collections, and also became part of the "BETTER + GIVEN NAME.Community" – an online platform dedicated to directing the global creative industries’ attention towards the thriving creative community in Ukraine, and the needs of its members. As part of the Better.Community platform, Anna October managed a space for promotion, interaction, and support for Ukrainian designers, artists, photographers, and all kinds of creators who need support. She became a leader of the fashion designer division and has been founding deadstock fabrics for designers to make new collections, the wholesale showroom, and agents to support their sales. References [ edit ] A Ray of Sun in the Darkest Room (https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/interview/anna-october) . Metal Magazine. Comment cette créatrice ukrainienne a-t-elle développé sa marque en temps de guerre? (https://www.vogue.fr/mode/article/anna-october-interview) . Vogue France Anna October at BoF500 (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/anna-october-1) . Business Of Fashion “Be a lady, Anna”. (https://www.achtung-mode.com/be-a-lady/) Achtung Anna October on creating the perfect date-night wardrobe (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/a41689278/anna-october/) . Harper's Bazaar Ukrainian LVMH Prize Nominee Anna October On Russian-Ukraine War: ‘The Fear Has Morphed Into A Power – A Fuel To Win’ (https://www.forbes.com/sites/gracebanks/2022/03/09/ukrainian-lvmh-prize-nominee-anna-october-on-russian-ukraine-war-the-fear-has-morphed-into-a-power--a-fuel-to-win/?sh=584ba9a61a67) . Forbes Ukrainian Designers Carry On Despite the Russian Invasion (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/ukrainian-designers-carry-on-despite-russian-invasion-1235235603/) . WWD Qui est Anna October, créatrice ukrainienne qui vient en aide aux créatifs de son pays ? (https://www.numero.com/fr/mode/anna-october-ukraine-guerre-cr%C3%A9atrice) . 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Hairstyle The butterfly haircut is a hairstyle (/wiki/Hairstyle) featuring numerous layers to create volume throughout the hair. It blends shorter and longer layers throughout the hair, as well as face-framing layers. According to L'Oreal Paris (/wiki/L%27Oreal_Paris) , the butterfly haircut "is going to be a flattering style for most", though it works best for individuals whose hair is at least shoulder length. [1] (#cite_note-1) The butterfly haircut was first introduced in 1950s, then arose to popularity in the 1990s and mid-2010s. [2] (#cite_note-2) It became highly popular in 2023 via TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) and other social media platforms. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) People who have worn a butterfly haircut include Shania Twain (/wiki/Shania_Twain) , Christie Brinkley (/wiki/Christie_Brinkley) , [4] (#cite_note-4) Matilda Djerf (/wiki/Matilda_Djerf) , [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) and Hailee Steinfeld (/wiki/Hailee_Steinfeld) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) See also [ edit ] List of hairstyles (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "What Is a Butterfly Haircut?" (https://www.lorealparisusa.com/beauty-magazine/hair-style/hairstyle-trends/butterfly-haircut) . L'Oréal Paris (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al_Paris) . Retrieved 2023-11-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Evolution Of The Butterfly Haircut" (https://www.hairbymollyg.com/the-evolution-of-the-butterfly-haircut/) . Hair by Molly G . 2022-12-11 . Retrieved 2023-11-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Turner, Elle (2023-06-01). "The butterfly haircut is the most searched-for hair trend of 2023" (https://www.vogue.in/content/the-butterfly-haircut-is-the-most-searched-for-hair-trend-of-2023) . Vogue India (/wiki/Vogue_India) . Retrieved 2023-11-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sullivan, Lorraine (2023-08-02). "The Butterfly Haircut Is Back! Stylists Reveal Why It's a Great Choice For Women Over 40" (https://www.womansworld.com/posts/beauty/butterfly-haircut) . Woman's World (/wiki/Woman%27s_World) . Retrieved 2023-11-08 . v t e Human hair (/wiki/Hair) Classification by type Lanugo (/wiki/Lanugo) Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Terminal (/wiki/Terminal_hair) Vellus (/wiki/Vellus_hair) by location Body (/wiki/Body_hair) Ear (/wiki/Ear_hair) Nose (/wiki/Nasal_hair) Eyebrow (/wiki/Eyebrow) unibrow (/wiki/Unibrow) Eyelash (/wiki/Eyelash) Underarm (/wiki/Underarm_hair) Chest (/wiki/Chest_hair) Abdominal (/wiki/Abdominal_hair) Pubic (/wiki/Pubic_hair) Leg (/wiki/Leg_hair) Head hairstyles (/wiki/Hairstyle) ( list (/wiki/List_of_hairstyles) ) Afro (/wiki/Afro) Afro puffs (/wiki/Afro_puffs) Asymmetric cut (/wiki/Asymmetric_cut) Bald (/wiki/Hair_loss) Bangs (/wiki/Bangs_(hair)) Beehive (/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)) Big hair (/wiki/Big_hair) Blowout (/wiki/Long_hair) Bob cut (/wiki/Bob_cut) Bouffant (/wiki/Bouffant) Bowl cut (/wiki/Bowl_cut) Braid (/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)) Brush, butch, burr cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Bun (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( odango (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ) Bunches (/wiki/Bunches) Businessman cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Butterfly haircut Buzz cut (/wiki/Buzz_cut) Caesar cut (/wiki/Caesar_cut) Chignon (/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)) Chonmage (/wiki/Chonmage) Comb over (/wiki/Comb_over) Conk (/wiki/Conk) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Crew cut (/wiki/Crew_cut) Crochet braids (/wiki/Crochet_braids) Croydon facelift (/wiki/Croydon_facelift) Curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) Curtained hair (/wiki/Curtained_hair) Czupryna (/wiki/Czupryna) Devilock (/wiki/Devilock) Dido flip (/wiki/Dido_flip) Digital perm (/wiki/Digital_perm) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Ducktail (/wiki/Ducktail) Edgar cut (/wiki/Edgar_cut) Eton crop (/wiki/Eton_crop) Extensions (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) Fauxhawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Feathered hair (/wiki/Feathered_hair) Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) Flattop (/wiki/Flattop) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French braid (/wiki/French_braid) French twist (/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)) Fringe (/wiki/Fringe_(hair)) Frosted tips (/wiki/Frosted_tips) Hair crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) High and tight (/wiki/High_and_tight) Hime cut (/wiki/Hime_cut) Historical Christian hairstyles (/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles) Hi-top fade (/wiki/Hi-top_fade) Induction cut (/wiki/Induction_cut) Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut (/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)) Japanese women (/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women) Jewfro (/wiki/Jewfro) Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) Kiss curl (/wiki/Kiss_curl) Laid edges (/wiki/Laid_edges) Layered hair (/wiki/Layered_hair) Liberty spikes (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Long hair (/wiki/Long_hair) Lob cut (/wiki/Lob_(haircut)) Lovelock (/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)) Marcelling (/wiki/Marcelling) Mod cut (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle) Mullet (/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)) 1950s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s) 1980s (/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s) Pageboy (/wiki/Pageboy) Part (/wiki/Part_(haircut)) Payot (/wiki/Payot) Pigtail (/wiki/Pigtail) Pixie cut (/wiki/Pixie_cut) Pompadour (/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)) Ponytail (/wiki/Ponytail) Punch perm (/wiki/Punch_perm) Professional cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Queue (/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)) Quiff (/wiki/Quiff) Rattail (/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)) Razor cut (/wiki/Razor_cut) Regular haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Ringlets (/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)) Shag (/wiki/Shag_(haircut)) Shape-up (/wiki/Shape-up) Shikha (/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)) Shimada (/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)) Short back and sides (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Short brush cut (/wiki/Brush_cut) Short hair (/wiki/Short_hair) Spiky hair (/wiki/Liberty_spikes) Straight hair (/wiki/Straight_hair) Standard haircut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Step cut (/wiki/Step_cutting) Surfer hair (/wiki/Surfer_hair) Taper cut (/wiki/Regular_haircut) Temple fade (/wiki/Temple_fade_(hairstyle)) Titus cut (/wiki/Titus_cut) Tonsure (/wiki/Tonsure) Updo (/wiki/Updo) Undercut (/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)) Victory rolls (/wiki/Victory_rolls) Waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Widow's peak (/wiki/Widow%27s_peak) Wings (/wiki/Wings_(haircut)) Facial hair (/wiki/Facial_hair) ( list (/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles) ) Beard (/wiki/Beard) Chinstrap (/wiki/Chinstrap_beard) Goatee (/wiki/Goatee) Ned Kelly (/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard) Shenandoah (/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)) Soul patch (/wiki/Soul_patch) Van Dyke (/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard) Moustache (/wiki/Moustache) Fu Manchu (/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache) handlebar (/wiki/Handlebar_moustache) horseshoe (/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache) pencil (/wiki/Pencil_moustache) toothbrush (/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache) walrus (/wiki/Walrus_moustache) Designer stubble (/wiki/Designer_stubble) Sideburns (/wiki/Sideburns) Hair subtraction cosmetic Removal (/wiki/Hair_removal) waxing (/wiki/Waxing) threading (/wiki/Threading_(epilation)) plucking (/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)) chemical (/wiki/Chemical_depilatory) electric (/wiki/Electrology) laser (/wiki/Laser_hair_removal) IPL (/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light) Shaving (/wiki/Shaving) head (/wiki/Head_shaving) leg (/wiki/Leg_shaving) cream (/wiki/Shaving_cream) brush (/wiki/Shaving_brush) soap (/wiki/Shaving_soap) Razor (/wiki/Razor) electric (/wiki/Electric_shaver) safety (/wiki/Safety_razor) straight (/wiki/Straight_razor) disorders Alopecia (/wiki/Hair_loss) areata (/wiki/Alopecia_areata) totalis (/wiki/Alopecia_totalis) universalis (/wiki/Alopecia_universalis) Frictional alopecia (/wiki/Frictional_alopecia) Pattern hair loss (/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss) Hypertrichosis (/wiki/Hypertrichosis) Management (/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss) Trichophilia (/wiki/Trichophilia) Trichotillomania (/wiki/Trichotillomania) Pogonophobia (/wiki/Pogonophobia) Haircare products Brush (/wiki/Hairbrush) Clay (/wiki/Hair_clay) Clipper (/wiki/Hair_clipper) Comb (/wiki/Comb) Conditioner (/wiki/Hair_conditioner) Dryer (/wiki/Hair_dryer) Gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) Hairstyling products (/wiki/Hairstyling_product) Hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) Iron (/wiki/Hair_iron) Mousse (/wiki/Hair_mousse) Pomade (/wiki/Pomade) Relaxer (/wiki/Relaxer) Rollers (/wiki/Hair_roller) Shampoo (/wiki/Shampoo) Spray (/wiki/Hair_spray) Volumizer (/wiki/Hair_volumizer) Wax (/wiki/Hair_wax) Haircare techniques Backcombing (/wiki/Backcombing) Hair coloring (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Crimping (/wiki/Hair_crimping) Curly Girl Method (/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method) Hair cutting (/wiki/Hair_cutting) Perm (/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)) Shampoo and set (/wiki/Shampoo_and_set) Straightening (/wiki/Hair_straightening) Health and medical Greying of hair (/wiki/Greying_of_hair) Hair follicle (/wiki/Hair_follicle) Hair growth (/wiki/Human_hair_growth) Trichology (/wiki/Trichology) Related Andre Walker Hair Typing System (/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System) Beard and haircut laws by country (/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country) Bearded lady (/wiki/Bearded_lady) Barber (/wiki/Barber) ( pole (/wiki/Barber%27s_pole) ) Eponymous hairstyle (/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle) Frizz (/wiki/Frizz) Good hair (/wiki/Good_hair) Hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) list (/wiki/List_of_hairdressers) Hair fetishism (/wiki/Hair_fetishism) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Spanish dressmaker You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joana_Valls) in Spanish . (February 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoana_Valls&sl=es&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Joana Valls]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|es|Joana Valls}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Joana_Valls) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Francisca Juana María del Pilar Giralt Miró (1855–1935, in Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) ) was a Spanish dressmaker who worked in Barcelona between 1880 and 1919. She was better known as Joana Valls , and is regarded by modern fashion historians as one of the most influential dressmakers in Barcelonian fashion of the early 20th century with French fashion designer Caroline Montagne Roux (/wiki/Caroline_Montagne_Roux) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Joana Valls: el ressò de la modernitat (in Catalan). CDMT. Archived from the original (http://www.cdmt.es/datatextil/?lang=es) on August 7, 2018 . Retrieved 27 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Casal-Valls, L. (2013). La figura de la modista i els inicis de l'alta costura a Barcelona. Trajectòria professional i producció d'indumentària femenina 1880–1915 (in Spanish). University of Barcelona (/wiki/University_of_Barcelona) . p. 595. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Pitarra, Serafi (1911). Lo trinch de l'or: comedia en quatre actes (in Spanish). Barcelona (/wiki/Barcelona) : Imp. Salvador Bonavía. p. 20. ^ (#cite_ref-4) El taller d'una modista embargat: Joana Valls, el tancament de caixes i l'obra de Ramon Casas (in Catalan). IEC.cat. This Spanish biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Folk skirt worn by Albanian women Xhubleta Woman from Grudë (/wiki/Grud%C3%AB,_Albania) wearing a xhubleta in a 19th-century Pietro Marubi (/wiki/Pietro_Marubi) photo. Type Albanian folk skirt (/wiki/Albanian_national_clothing) Material Felt (/wiki/Felt) and black wool (/wiki/Wool) Place of origin Albania Xhubleta, skills, craftsmanship and forms of usage UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage (/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists) Country Albania (/wiki/Albania) Reference 01880 (https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01880) Region Europe and North America (/wiki/Template:UNESCO_Representative_List_of_the_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Humanity/ENA) Inscription history Inscription 2022 (17th session) List (/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity) Need of Urgent Safeguarding The xhubleta is an undulating, bell-shaped folk skirt (/wiki/Folk_costume) , traditionally (/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing) worn by Albanian (/wiki/Albanians) women in northern Albania (/wiki/Albania) , Kosovo (/wiki/Kosovo) , North Macedonia (/wiki/North_Macedonia) and Montenegro (/wiki/Montenegro) . The xhubleta is a garment that survived from ancient times exclusively in Albanian (/wiki/Albanians) inhabited territories, [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBido1998701-1) and it is a unique type of dress for its particular shape, structure, and decorating system. [2] (#cite_note-Stahl-2) There are two types of xhubleta: one is narrow and the other is large. [2] (#cite_note-Stahl-2) This Albanian garment was included in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding by UNESCO (/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists) in 2022. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) History [ edit ] The xhubleta has ancient origins. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGjergji2004185-5) It represents similarities to wearing of some Neolithic (/wiki/Neolithic) figures found in Bosnia (/wiki/Bosnia) , but also in other areas of the Mediterranean (/wiki/Mediterranean) region, belonging to the second millennium BC, and linking accordingly with old Mediterranean civilisation. [6] (#cite_note-dtk.rks-gov.net-6) [7] (#cite_note-Condra-7) It is usually decorated with Albanian symbolic (/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs) elements of ancient pagan origins, such as the symbols of the sun, of the moon, of the stars, eagles, and serpents. The mostly geometric ornaments show the archaic character of this costume. [7] (#cite_note-Condra-7) Description [ edit ] The xhubleta usually is hung on the shoulders using two straps. It has 13 to 17 strips and 5 pieces of felt. The bosom and the part of the xhubleta covered by the apron (/wiki/Apron) are made out of crocheted black wool. [8] (#cite_note-Gjergji2004-8) The bell shape is accentuated in the back part. [9] (#cite_note-PulahaMansaku1982-9) There are two types of xhubleta: one is narrow and the other is large. [2] (#cite_note-Stahl-2) In regard to colors, only two colors are nowadays used: the white one for the unmarried women and the black one for the married ones, [2] (#cite_note-Stahl-2) however in the past many colors were used, as witnessed by a 17th-century author, who claimed that the peacock did not have as many colors as the xhubleta worn by the women of Kelmend (/wiki/Kelmend_region) . [9] (#cite_note-PulahaMansaku1982-9) It is thought that the diminishing in colors in the last two centuries is due to the limitation of its use only in remote mountainous areas. [9] (#cite_note-PulahaMansaku1982-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBido1998701_1-0) Bido 1998 (#CITEREFBido1998) , p. 701. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Etudes et documents balkaniques et méditerranéens . Paul Henri Stahl. 2001. pp. 34–37. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "UNESCO - Xhubleta, skills, craftsmanship and forms of usage" (https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/xhubleta-skills-craftsmanship-and-forms-of-usage-01880) . ich.unesco.org . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Xhubleta shqiptare, tashmë pasuri e gjithë njerëzimit, UNESCO e merr në mbrojtje bashkë me dijebërjen e saj! Margariti: Vendim unanim, copëz Shqipërie për botën - Shqiptarja.com" (https://shqiptarja.com/lajm/dosja-e-xhubletes-pranohet-ne-unesco-ministrja-e-kultures-dhurate-per-110vjetorin-e-pavaresise) . shqiptarja.com (in Albanian) . Retrieved 2022-12-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGjergji2004185_5-0) Gjergji 2004 (#CITEREFGjergji2004) , p. 185. ^ (#cite_ref-dtk.rks-gov.net_6-0) "Database of Cultural Heritage of Kosovo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190921144438/https://dtk.rks-gov.net/tkk_objekti_en.aspx?id=9827) . Archived from the original (http://dtk.rks-gov.net/tkk_objekti_en.aspx?id=9827) on 2019-09-21 . Retrieved 2015-12-24 . ^ Jump up to: a b Condra, Jill (2013-04-09). Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing around the World [2 volumes] . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313376375 . ^ (#cite_ref-Gjergji2004_8-0) Gjergji, Andromaqi (/wiki/Andromaqi_Gjergji) (2004). Albanian Costumes Through the Centuries: Origin, Types, Evolution . Academy of Sciences of Albania (/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania) . p. 153. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-99943-614-4-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Selami Pulaha; Seit Mansaku; Andromaqi Gjergji (/wiki/Andromaqi_Gjergji) (1982). Shqiptarët dhe trojet e tyre . 8 Nëntori. pp. 136–138. Bibliography [ edit ] Bido, Agim (1998). "Pagan Symbols in Albanian "Xhubleta" ". The Thracian world at the crossroads of civilisations . Vol. 2. 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(Redirected from Tanga (clothing) (/w/index.php?title=Tanga_(clothing)&redirect=no) ) Garment worn as underwear or as part of a swimsuit This article is about the garment worn as underwear or swimwear. For the footwear, see Flip-flops (/wiki/Flip-flops) . For other uses, see Thong (disambiguation) (/wiki/Thong_(disambiguation)) . A woman in a thong bikini A man in a black thong swimsuit The thong is a garment (/wiki/Clothing) generally used as either underwear (/wiki/Underwear) or in some countries, as a swimsuit (/wiki/Swimsuit) . It may also be worn for traditional ceremonies (/wiki/Ceremony) or competitions (/wiki/Sport) . Viewed from the front, the thong typically resembles a bikini (/wiki/Bikini) bottom, but at the back the material is reduced to a minimum. Thongs are almost always designed to cover the genitals (/wiki/Genitals) , anus (/wiki/Human_anus) , and perineum (/wiki/Perineum) and leave part or most of the buttocks (/wiki/Buttocks) uncovered. The back of the garment typically consists of a thin waistband and a thin strip of material, designed to be worn between the buttocks, that connects the middle of the waistband with the bottom front of the garment. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is also used as a descriptive term in other types of garment, such as a bodysuit (/wiki/Bodysuit) , bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) , leotard (/wiki/Leotard) , or one-piece swimsuit (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) , with the meaning "thong-backed". One type of thong is the G-string (/wiki/G-string) , the back of which consists only of a (typically elasticized) string. [2] (#cite_note-2) The two terms G-string and thong are often used interchangeably; however, they can refer to distinct pieces of clothing. Thongs come in a variety of styles depending on the thickness, material or type of the rear portion of fabric and are used by both men and women throughout most of the world. A tanga is a pair of briefs (/wiki/Briefs) consisting of small panels connected by strings at the sides. There are tanga briefs both for men and for women. The style and the word come from Brazil. [3] (#cite_note-3) Nomenclature [ edit ] Woman wearing a pleated thong bottom. The origin of the word thong in the English language is from Old English (/wiki/Old_English) þwong , a flexible leather cord. [4] (#cite_note-4) Many languages borrow the English word string to refer to this type of underwear, usually without the G . Another common name is tanga (or sometimes string tanga ), especially in the German Tanga . A frequent metaphor, especially in Brazil, is dental floss; in Brazil a thong is called fio dental (Portuguese for dental floss); in English, the term "Butt floss" is sometimes used. In Lithuanian (/wiki/Lithuanian_language) it is "siaurikės" ("narrows"), in Italian "perizoma" or "tanga", in Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) "ipli külot" ("stringed underpants"), and in Bulgarian (/wiki/Bulgarian_language) as "prashka" ( прашка ), which means a slingshot. In Israel (/wiki/Israel) the thong, mostly the G-string, is called Khutini ( חוטיני ), from the word Khut, which means String. Similarly, in Iran (/wiki/Iran) , it is called "Shortbandi" ( شورت بندی ) in which "short" (from English: shorts) means "briefs" and "bandi" means "with a string". A Puerto Rican Spanish (/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Spanish) slang term, used by Reggaeton (/wiki/Reggaeton) artists, is gistro . [ citation needed ] Some names for the thong make reference to the bareness of the buttocks, such as the Spanish word colaless . (The word's origin is probably connected to the English term "topless" but in reference to cola , a colloquial word meaning "butt" in South American Spanish.) [ citation needed ] In some other languages the "T"-like shape of the back is emphasised. In Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) , the thong is commonly called dingziku (丁字褲/丁字裤) which literally means 丁 character pants (or roughly, T-letter pants ). In Korean, it is called 티팬티 ( T panty ). The term "T-back" is sometimes used in English, as in the novel T-Backs, T-Shirts, COAT, and Suit (/wiki/T-Backs,_T-Shirts,_COAT,_and_Suit) by E. L. Konigsburg (/wiki/E._L._Konigsburg) . Thong vs. G-string [ edit ] Colloquially, thongs and G-strings are often used interchangeably to describe skimpy underwear with minimal back coverage, although the main difference is usually attributed to the width of the strap in the rear. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) This is a definition reflected in the Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion , which considers the G-string or thong to be "a panty front with a half- to one-inch strip of fabric at the back that sits between the buttocks", using the terms interchangeably. [7] (#cite_note-7) Conversely, Knickers: a Brief History says: "Minor tweaks to the cut earned these skimpy panties different titles—from the thong, which has a one-inch strip of fabric down the back, to a G-string, which, as the name equivalent of Spanish suggests (hilo dental), is more like a string of fabric akin between the teeth." [8] (#cite_note-8) Alternatively, some sources have attributed thongs to be a derivation of the G-string, as claimed by Striptease: the Untold History of the Girlie Show . [9] (#cite_note-9) Similarly, the Heinemann English Dictionary describes "thong" as a very skimpy style of undergarment or swimsuit, similar to a G-string. [10] (#cite_note-10) A reverse description is used in Americanisms: the Illustrated Book of Words Made in the USA , which calls the G-string as a type of thong invented in 1936 and attributed to strippers, that consists of a small triangular piece of fabric connected by two elastic straps. [11] (#cite_note-11) Woman wearing a G-string Woman wearing a lace thong History [ edit ] The thong, like its probable predecessor the loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) , is believed to be one of the earliest forms of human clothing and is also thought to have been worn mostly or exclusively by men. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) It is thought the thong was probably originally developed to protect, support, or hide the male genitals. The loincloth is probably the earliest form of clothing used by humankind, having originated in the warmer climates of sub-Saharan Africa (/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa) where clothing was first worn nearly 75,000 years ago. Many tribal peoples, such as some of the Khoisan (/wiki/Khoisan) people of southern Africa, wore thongs for many centuries. Much like the Japanese fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) , these early garments were made with the male genitalia in mind. [14] (#cite_note-14) According to some fashion historians, the first public appearance of the thong in the United States was at the 1939 New York World's Fair (/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair) . This resulted from Fiorello LaGuardia (/wiki/Fiorello_LaGuardia) , the Mayor of New York City (/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City) , ordering the city's nude dancers to cover themselves. [15] (#cite_note-15) Jacques Heim's and Louis Réard's original bikini (/wiki/Bikini) from 1946 (that introduced the term bikini ) had a culotte (/wiki/Culotte) with a thong back. Fashion designer Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) , who in the mid-1960s created the first topless swimsuit (/wiki/Topless_swimsuit) , which he called the monokini (/wiki/Monokini) , is credited with introducing the modern thong in 1974 [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) when he designed a thong bikini in response to a ban on nude sunbathing by the Los Angeles City Council (/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Council) . Attitudes toward the wearing of g-strings vary geographically and across societies, as is usual with highly revealing clothing. Prior to its entrance into mainstream fashion, g-strings were primarily worn by exotic dancers. In the modern Western world, g-strings are more commonly marketed towards females but are worn by both sexes. During the 1980s, thongs were worn on stage by pop stars such as Cher (/wiki/Cher) and Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)) . [20] (#cite_note-cracks-20) By the 1980s, the style (for females) had made its way into most of the Western world; thong swimwear became even more popular through the 1980s due to TV shows such as Baywatch (/wiki/Baywatch) , in which numerous women were recorded wearing thong swimsuits. In the 1990s, the thong gained wider popularity in the United States as underwear and as swimwear, especially with women, but also men. In the US and Europe, the wearing of thongs by men was once mainly limited to the dance belt (/wiki/Dance_belt) , the posing pouch for bodybuilders (/wiki/Bodybuilders) and the realm of male strippers (/wiki/Strippers) . Men's thongs are now more widely available and commonly worn as day-to-day underwear or swimwear, with major retailers such as Kmart (/wiki/Kmart_(United_States)) [21] (#cite_note-21) and popular fashion brands such as Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(company)) selling men's thongs. [22] (#cite_note-22) Thongs are not marketed as strongly to men as they are to women; however, in Europe, thongs have been commonplace for many more years both as underwear and swimwear. In the 2000s, some people wore thongs with low-cut hipsters and deliberately exposed them over the top of their trousers, producing an effect popularly known as a whale tail (/wiki/Whale_tail) . This led to many thong designs intended to be worn in this manner, which were adorned with jewels and motifs on the back. In the early-2000s, thongs made up 31% of the women's underwear market. [20] (#cite_note-cracks-20) However, in the late-2000s, the exposure of a thong above one's trousers became less popular and the trend turned to the wearing of lower-riding thongs that hardly show above trousers, except when bending or twisting. Woman from the year 2005 revealing a whale tail (/wiki/Whale_tail) . Market research (/wiki/Market_research) in 2011 placed the number of French women who wear thongs as their preferred underwear style at 25%, down by 5% from 2008. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) By 2016, sales of thongs in the UK were on the decline with Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) , a major UK lingerie retailer, reporting that they made up fewer than 10% of knickers sold. [20] (#cite_note-cracks-20) In 2022, women's thong sales saw a surge compared to previous years, in part due to a revival of the 2000s trend of the exposed thong popular between Gen Z (/wiki/Generation_Z) wearers. [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-26) The men's thongs also saw renewed interest in part also due to the rising popularity of lingerie for men, with major producers and traditional lingerie makers introducing new products catered to men. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Many reasons exist as to why people may choose to wear thong underwear or swimwear, such as prevention of visible panty lines (/wiki/Panty_line) , [30] (#cite_note-30) prevention of underwear "riding up" so one need not pull at one's underwear in public, comfort, fashion consciousness including the feeling of being more adult, [20] (#cite_note-cracks-20) and minimization of tan lines. [31] (#cite_note-31) Design and variety [ edit ] See also: Bikini (/wiki/Bikini) and Bikini variants (/wiki/Bikini_variants) Backs Sides Strap Tie-side Strapless Low coverage V-string, T-front, G-string T-back C-string Medium coverage Cheeky Types of thongs include the traditional thong, the G-string, and the C-string. There are a number of intermediate kinds of thongs between full rear coverage and a string rear. As designs become more risqué, there are also types intended to expose genitals as much as they conceal them. Other styles include the Cheeky, V-string, T-front and T-back. The naming of the intermediate styles of thong is debatable, different vendors use the words somewhat interchangeably. Thongs are available in a wide variety of materials, including silk (/wiki/Silk) , latex (/wiki/Latex) , cotton (/wiki/Cotton) , microfiber (/wiki/Microfiber) , satin (/wiki/Satin) , nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , lycra/spandex (/wiki/Spandex) , and lace (/wiki/Lace) . There are also novelty designs for both sexes, featuring shapes to conform to the genitals or provide humorous visual effects. The most significant difference between thongs designed for men and women is the shape of the front part of the garment. Often, but not always, thongs for men will feature a vertical seam to create shape and space for the male genitalia, and the pouch may be made of stretchy material (usually cotton-Lycra or microfiber) for an ergonomic fit. The equivalent section in women's thongs is normally flat and seamless. However, the fabric is usually thicker in the area where it covers the vulva (/wiki/Human_vulva) (by incorporating a cotton gusset (/wiki/Gusset) ). G-string [ edit ] Main article: G-string (/wiki/G-string) Back-view Front-view The V or G-string style consists of an elastic string (also a narrow piece of cloth, leather (/wiki/Leather) , or plastic (/wiki/Plastic) ) that connects the front/pouch and the waistband at back, worn as swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) or underwear by women and men. Since the mid-1920s, strippers and exotic dancers in the West have been referring to the style of thongs they wore for their performances as G-strings. A g-string may be worn in preference to briefs (/wiki/Briefs) for avoiding a visible panty line (/wiki/Panty_line) , or to enhance sex-appeal (/wiki/Sex-appeal) . Etymology [ edit ] The origin of the term G-string is obscure. It may simply stand for 'Gusset' as the G-String is in effect just a gusset on a string. Since the 19th century, the term geestring referred to the string which held the loincloth of American Indians (/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) [32] (#cite_note-p._249-32) and later referred to the narrow loincloth itself. William Safire (/wiki/William_Safire) in his Ode on a G-String quoted the usage of the word G-string for loincloth by Harper's Magazine (/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine) 15 years after Beadle's and suggested that the magazine confused the word with the musical term G string (i.e., the string (/wiki/String_(music)) for the G note). Safire also mentions the opinion of linguist Robert Hendrickson that "G" (or "gee") stands for groin (/wiki/Groin) , which was a taboo word (/wiki/Taboo_word) at the time. [33] (#cite_note-On_Language;_Ode_on_a_G-String-33) History [ edit ] The G-string first appeared in costumes worn by showgirls in Earl Carroll (/wiki/Earl_Carroll) 's productions during the Jazz Age (/wiki/Jazz_Age) . Linguist Robert Hendrickson believes that the g stands for groin . [34] (#cite_note-Shteir2004-34) The Oxford English Dictionary reports that the G-string was originally a narrow strip of fabric worn by Indian women. During the Depression, a "G-string" was known as "the gadget". [34] (#cite_note-Shteir2004-34) During the 1930s, the "Chicago G-string" gained prominence when worn by performers like Margie Hart (/wiki/Margaret_Hart_Ferraro) . The Chicago area was the home of some of the largest manufacturers of G-strings and it also became the center of the burlesque (/wiki/Burlesque) shows in the United States. [34] (#cite_note-Shteir2004-34) In the Tarzan (/wiki/Tarzan) novels of Edgar Rice Burroughs (/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs) , Tarzan is described as wearing a G-string made of doe or leopard skin. [35] (#cite_note-35) Other variants of women's thongs [ edit ] Variant Image Description C-string noborder Sometimes described as an "extreme thong", the C-string consists of a small piece of fabric covering the crotch, held in place by a thin piece of curved wire between the buttocks. [36] (#cite_note-Proudfoot-36) It has no side straps, instead relying on a flexible internal frame, [37] (#cite_note-Stillwater-37) typically made of wire and with fabric attached to it. [38] (#cite_note-38) The principal aim of the C-string is to avoid a visible panty line (/wiki/Visible_panty_line) under clothing. [36] (#cite_note-Proudfoot-36) As beachwear (/wiki/Beachwear) the design also reduces tan lines (/wiki/Tan_line) . [37] (#cite_note-Stillwater-37) Some neo-burlesque (/wiki/Neo-burlesque) performers wear C-strings, revealing them as part of their act. [39] (#cite_note-39) Designs exist for both women and men. [37] (#cite_note-Stillwater-37) Some versions of the C-string are self-adhesive [40] (#cite_note-40) and do not have a wire frame. Instead the crotch cover is connected to a narrow strip of material passing through the intergluteal cleft (/wiki/Intergluteal_cleft) and a small anchoring pad above the sacrum (/wiki/Sacrum) . [41] (#cite_note-41) Cheeky A more conservative style called a cheeky covers a little more area, but exposes the bottom part of the buttocks. Some cheekies are used as undergarments while others function as bikini bottoms. T-front A type of T-string in which the string reaches also the front part. It provides no coverage while still maintaining the basic hygienic underwear functions. Usually it is built by strings only, sometimes with more fabric or lace around the waist. Certain designs cover the string with pearls for decoration and stimulation reasons. [42] (#cite_note-completefashion-42) V-string A type of G-string, introduced by Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) [43] (#cite_note-43) and trademarked by the company in 1998. [44] (#cite_note-44) The string is connected to the waistband by a triangle that is just above the buttocks. The string connects with the waistband directly to form a "V" shape at back. Other variants of men's thongs [ edit ] See also: Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Variant Description Image Kaupinam (/wiki/Kaupinam) A traditional thong worn in India, [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) by some men as a loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) or underclothing (/wiki/Underclothing) . It is made up of rectangular strip of cotton cloth which is used to cover the genitals with the help of the strings connected to the four ends of the cloth for binding it around the waist of the wearer. It is used by wrestlers in the game of Kushti (/wiki/Pehlwani) or traditional Indian wrestling in the Akhara (/wiki/Akhara) (wrestling ring) and also during practice sessions and training. noborder Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) A traditional Japanese (/wiki/Japan) undergarment for adult males, made from a length of cotton (/wiki/Cotton) . Before World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , the fundoshi was the main form of underwear for Japanese adult males. However, it fell out of use quickly after the war with the introduction of new underwear to the Japanese market, such as briefs (/wiki/Briefs) and trunks (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) . Nowadays, the fundoshi is mainly used not as underwear but as festival ( matsuri (/wiki/Matsuri) ) clothing at Hadaka Matsuri (/wiki/Hadaka_Matsuri) or, sometimes, as swimwear. There are many other varieties of fundoshi as the variations on the principle of a loincloth are almost infinite. For example, the mokko-fundoshi (literally "earth-basket loincloth" because it looks like the traditional baskets used in construction) is made like the etchyuu-fundoshi but without a front apron; the cloth is secured to the belt to make a bikini effect. The kuro-neko fundoshi (literally "black cat fundoshi") is like the mokko-fundoshi except that the portion that passes from front to back is tailored to create a thong effect. Jockstrap (/wiki/Jockstrap) An undergarment designed for supporting the male genitalia (/wiki/Human_male_reproductive_system) during sports or other vigorous physical activity. It was created by Chicago sporting goods company Sharp & Smith in 1874. [47] (#cite_note-47) Technically it is not a thong, as there is no narrow strap that passes up between the buttocks. A jockstrap consists of a waistband (usually elastic (/wiki/Elastomer) ) with a support pouch for the genitalia and two elastic straps affixed to the base of the pouch and to the left and right sides of the waistband at the hip. [48] (#cite_note-48) The pouch, in some varieties, may be fitted with a pocket to hold an impact resistant cup to protect the testicles (/wiki/Testicle) and/or the penis (/wiki/Penis) from injury (/wiki/Injury) . Also known as a jock, jock strap, strap, supporter, or athletic supporter. Slingshot A type of strapless undergarment based on the thong and the jockstrap consisting of an elastic waistband with an elastic pouch to hold the male genitalia from the front, without a backstrap or any back coverage. [49] (#cite_note-49) The garment is also referred to as a jock sock or a strapless or backless pouch . Dance belt (/wiki/Dance_belt) A type of thong designed to be used in the same manner as an athletic supporter, but for male dancers (especially in ballet). [50] (#cite_note-50) Its purpose is to protect and support the dancer during dance activities without being seen through outer garments, such as tights (/wiki/Tights) , leotards (/wiki/Leotard) , gym leggings, or shorts. Thongs tend to offer better support for the male anatomy than do other underwear styles (as well as eliminating contact between the genitals and inner thighs), which is one of the reasons why men and boys may choose to wear them. [51] (#cite_note-51) Controversy [ edit ] Main articles: Social impact of thong underwear (/wiki/Social_impact_of_thong_underwear) and Underwear as outerwear (/wiki/Underwear_as_outerwear) As thongs pass between the buttocks and, in women, may be in close contact with the anus and labia, concerns have been raised that they may become damp and act as a conduit for germ transfer, increasing the probability that the wearer may develop urinary tract infections, such as cystitis. [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) However, research suggests that wearing thong underwear does not have a statistically significant effect on the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis (/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis) [55] (#cite_note-pmid18295180-55) or yeast infection (/wiki/Candidiasis) . [56] (#cite_note-56) In 2002, a female high school vice principal in San Diego, California, physically checked up to 100 female students' underwear as they entered the school for a dance, with or without student permission, causing an uproar among students and some parents and eliciting an investigation by the school into the vice principal's conduct. In her defense, the vice principal said the checks were for student safety and not specifically because of the wearing of thongs. [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) The sale of thongs for girls aged 10–16 by US retailer Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) led to an email and telephone campaign against the company. [62] (#cite_note-62) British retailer Argos (/wiki/Argos_(retailer)) was criticized for selling G-strings for girls aged nine, and a primary school head teacher (/wiki/Head_teacher) in Britain voiced concerns that pupils (/wiki/Student) aged 10–11 were wearing thong underwear to school. [63] (#cite_note-63) Thong swimsuits are banned or strongly discouraged in some places, including some Muslim countries. [64] (#cite_note-iran_no_thongs-64) [65] (#cite_note-iran_no_thongs2-65) Areas in the United States with similar bans include such locations as Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (/wiki/Myrtle_Beach,_South_Carolina) , [66] (#cite_note-66) and Kure Beach, North Carolina (/wiki/Kure_Beach,_North_Carolina) . [67] (#cite_note-67) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Perizoma (/wiki/Perizoma_(loincloth)) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear) " Thong Song (/wiki/Thong_Song) " Whale Tail (/wiki/Whale_Tail) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Thong" (http://m-w.com/dictionary/thong) . Online Dictionary . Merriam-Webster . Retrieved 3 April 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hydinger, Liss " Listen up, guys, here's a lingerie lingo lesson (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LA&p_theme=la&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF6153ABB456E98&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) ", Daily News of Los Angeles , 6 February 1992 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Tanga (noun)" (https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/tanga) . Oxford University Press . Retrieved 3 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Merriam-Webster online dictionary" (http://m-w.com/dictionary/thong) . M-w.com . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hemmen, Daisy. "G-string vs. Thong" (https://boody.com/blogs/guide/g-string-vs-thong) . boody.com . Retrieved 28 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Easley, Ellen Hoffman,Ray Lowe,Rebekkah. "6 Ways To Upgrade Your Undies" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/underwear-guide) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 28 November 2022 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Steele, Valerie, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion . Scribner library of daily life. Vol. 2. Detroit: Thomson-Gale. p. 121. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-684-31394-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Tomczak, Sarah & Pask, Rachel (2004) Knickers: a Brief History . London: Allen & Unwin ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-74114-480-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74114-480-9) ^ (#cite_ref-9) Steir, Rachel (2004). Striptease: The Untold History of the Girlie Show . Oxford University Press. p. 417. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780195127508 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Heinemann Staff, Manser, Martin & Feinstein, Jessica (2001) Heinemann English Dictionary . London: Heinemann ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-435-10424-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-10424-1) ; p. 1072 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Luke, Gary & Quin, Susan R. (2003) Americanisms: the Illustrated Book of Words Made in the USA . Sasquatch Books ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-57061-385-0 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57061-385-0) ^ (#cite_ref-12) Wright, Jennifer (20 February 2017). "A Skimpy History of the Thong-Tha-Thong-Thong-Thong" (https://www.racked.com/2017/2/20/14540906/thong-history) . Racked . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Cracking Open the History of the Thong" (https://www.vice.com/en/article/gvzabw/cracking-open-the-history-of-the-thong) . www.vice.com . 9 February 2016 . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Origin of Thong Underwear: Who Invented It & Why?" (https://yourparade.com/blogs/underwear/who-invented-thong-underwear-why) . Parade . 19 April 2021 . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Apsan, Rebecca (2012). Lessons in Lingerie: Finding Your Perfect Shade of Seduction . Workman Publishing. p. 87. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780761175018 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Moore, Booth (28 September 2001). "Fashion designer Rudi Gernreich defied haute-couture rules with socially aware clothes that said ..." (http://articles.latimes.com/2001/sep/28/news/cl-50719) Los Angeles Times . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Rothman, Lily (2 April 2012). "Rudi Gernreich – All-TIME Top 100 Icons in Fashion, Style and Design – TIME" (http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2110513_2110512_2110662,00.html) . TIME.com . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Reviving Rudi" (https://books.google.com/books?id=zGQEAAAAMBAJ&q=Rudi+Gernreich+thong&pg=PA74) . The Advocate . Here. 25 September 2001. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Beyerle, Tulga; Hirschberger, Karin (2006). A Century of Austrian Design: 1900-2005 . Walter de Gruyter. p. 54. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783034608893 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Claire Cohen (18 September 2017). "Good riddance to the thong! After decades of discomfort, women have finally cracked" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/good-riddance-to-the-thong-after-decades-of-discomfort-women-hav/) . The Telegraph . United Kingdom. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/good-riddance-to-the-thong-after-decades-of-discomfort-women-hav/) from the original on 12 January 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Joe Boxer Men's Thong Underwear - 4 Pack" (http://www.kmart.com/joe-boxer-men-s-thong-underwear-4-pack/p-99900600zo287000P?prdNo=9&blockNo=9&blockType=G9) . Kmart.com. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Calvin Klein Micro Stretch 3-Pack Thong" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191203042246/https://www.calvinklein.us/en/mens-clothing/mens-underwear-shop-all/micro-stretch-3-pack-thong-62101876-059) . Calvin Klein. Archived from the original (https://www.calvinklein.us/en/mens-clothing/mens-underwear-shop-all/micro-stretch-3-pack-thong-62101876-059) on 3 December 2019 . Retrieved 3 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Male and female views on underwear" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160110133143/http://www.womenology.com/reflexions/male-female-views-underwear/) . Womenology . aufeminin (/wiki/Aufeminin) . 16 February 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.womenology.com/reflexions/male-female-views-underwear/) on 10 January 2016 . Retrieved 8 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "L'avenir du string compromis face aux shorties et aux tangas" (http://www.terrafemina.com/vie-privee/sexo/articles/10229-lavenir-du-string-compromis-face-aux-shorties-et-aux-tangas.html) . Terrafemina (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrafemina) (in French). 15 January 2012 . Retrieved 8 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Walker, Harriet. "Thongs are back — and Gen Z love them" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/thongs-are-back-and-gen-z-love-them-qgr9cfhvs) . The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0140-0460 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460) . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Woman's Hour, Are thongs back in fashion?" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0blh2h4) . Woman's Hour (/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour) . BBC Radio 4 (/wiki/BBC_Radio_4) . February 2022 . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Sexy lingerie for men is shaking things up in the bedroom" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/Fashion/sexy-lingerie-for-men-is-shaking-things-up-in-the-bedroom-1.4853723) . The Irish Times . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Solá-Santiago, Frances. "Lingerie Brands Are Challenging The Binary, One Collection At A Time" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2022/06/11030305/genderless-lingerie-underwear-brands) . www.refinery29.com . 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Vogue . ...it is the perfect suit to avoid unnecessary tan lines. ^ (#cite_ref-p._249_32-0) Beadler, John Hanson (1877) "Western Wilds, and the Men who Redeem Them: an authentic narrative" p. 249 (https://archive.org/details/westernwildsand01beadgoog/page/n251) , digitized text at Google Books (/wiki/Google_Books) ^ (#cite_ref-On_Language;_Ode_on_a_G-String_33-0) "On Language; Ode on a G-String" (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE5DF173CF937A3575BC0A967958260) , by William Safire, The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , 4 August 1991 ^ Jump up to: a b c Rachel Shteir (1 November 2004). Striptease: The Untold History of the Girlie Show . Oxford University Press. p. 202 (https://archive.org/details/stripteaseuntold0000shte/page/202) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-19-512750-8 . Retrieved 10 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Ullery, David A. (2001). The Tarzan novels of Edgar Rice Burroughs : an illustrated reader's guide (1st ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7864-5095-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 606500686 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606500686) . ^ Jump up to: a b Proudfoot, Jenny (27 April 2016). "What the F is the C-string?" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/what-the-f-is-the-c-string-9847) . Marie Claire . UK. ^ Jump up to: a b c Cletus P. Stillwater Jr. (9 May 2013). "The C-String Replaces the Thong Bikini as the Summer's Hottest Beachwear (Gallery + Video)" (http://www.tmrzoo.com/2013/44925/the-c-string-replaces-the-thong-bikini-as-the-summers-hottest-beachwear-gallery) . TMR Zoo . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Kozinski, Alexandra (8 August 2014). "I Actually Wore This Weird Underwear" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/34628-i-wore-the-c-string-so-you-dont-have-to-experience-the-weirdness-that-is-this-barely) . Bustle . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Paige, Ivy (29 August 2012). "Why Are Our Knickers Getting Smaller?" (http://www.thisiscabaret.com/why-are-our-knickers-getting-smaller/) . This is Cabaret . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Marie, Andrea (2 July 2021). "If You Want to Try This Summer's Daring Cutouts, Get Familiar With C-String Underwear" (https://news.yahoo.com/want-try-summers-daring-cutouts-020000117.html) . Yahoo! News . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Cherrington, Rosy (27 April 2016). "Shibue Underwear Is The Horrifying New Way To Avoid VPL" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/shibue-couture-underwear_uk_57207340e4b0a1e971caa498) . Huffington Post . ^ (#cite_ref-completefashion_42-0) Cynthia Ejike. "Pearls Gone Wild: Can You Rock The Single Strand Pearl Thong?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171224080720/http://completefashion.org/pearls-gone-wild-can-you-rock-the-single-strand-pearl-thong) . Complete Fashion . Archived from the original (http://completefashion.org/pearls-gone-wild-can-you-rock-the-single-strand-pearl-thong/) on 24 December 2017 . 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VOCLA Style . 7 October 2014 . Retrieved 15 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Jockstrap Central - A History of the Jockstrap" (https://www.jockstrapcentral.com/history.php) . www.jockstrapcentral.com . Retrieved 26 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "Complete guide to dance belt" (http://www.dancebelt.info/17165091C1D94631B10E/the-complete-guide-to-dance.html) . Dancebelt.info . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Studio Area Dress Codes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111231045831/http://beta.byui.edu/dance/policies) . Beta.byui.edu. Archived from the original (http://beta.byui.edu/dance/policies) on 31 December 2011 . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Thongs – Do they cause UTIs or yeast infections?" (http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/thongs-do-they-cause-utis-or-yeast-infections) . Go Ask Alice! . columbia.edu . Retrieved 5 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) Karen J. Bannan (22 October 2003). "Your Intimate Gyno Questions Answered" (http://www.redbookmag.com/health-wellness/advice/gyno-questions-yl-3) . Redbook . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Do Thongs Really Cause Yeast Infections? - Health & Fitness – The Hilltop – The Student Voice of Howard University" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131022031953/http://www.thehilltoponline.com/2.4842/do-thongs-really-cause-yeast-infections-1.472432#.UfbE_sWYNok) . Thehilltoponline.com. Archived from the original (http://www.thehilltoponline.com/2.4842/do-thongs-really-cause-yeast-infections-1.472432#.UfbE_sWYNok) on 22 October 2013 . Retrieved 5 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-pmid18295180_55-0) Brotman RM, Ghanem KG, Klebanoff MA, Taha TE, Scharfstein DO, Zenilman JM (2008). "The effect of vaginal douching cessation on bacterial vaginosis: a pilot study" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2494605) . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology . 198 (6): 628.e1–7. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.043 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2007.11.043) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 2494605 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2494605) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 18295180 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18295180) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis" (http://www.vma.mod.gov.rs/vsp/download/vsp_10_10.pdf#page=28) (PDF) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-57) Eleanor Yang (5 June 2002). "2 on RB High staff faulted for checks of undergarments" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172021/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20020605-9999_2m5thong.html) . SignOnSanDiego.com. Archived from the original (http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20020605-9999_2m5thong.html) on 11 October 2007 . Retrieved 5 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-58) Eleanor Yang (16 June 2002). "Demotion possible for assistant principal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011175600/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20020616-9999_2m16thong.html) . SignOnSanDiego.com. Archived from the original (http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/northcounty/20020616-9999_2m16thong.html) on 11 October 2007 . Retrieved 5 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-59) "Assistant principal demoted after underwear check" (https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/06/18/thong-demotion.htm) . USA Today . 18 June 2002 . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "CBS News" (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/06/18/national/main512654.shtml) . CBS News. 11 February 2009 . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) "Channel 10 news" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111120184346/http://www.10news.com/news/1515763/detail.html) . 10news.com. 17 June 2002. Archived from the original (https://www.10news.com/news/1515763/detail.html) on 20 November 2011 . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Break the Chain website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111208065730/http://www.breakthechain.org/exclusives/aandf.html) . Breakthechain.org. 6 June 2002. Archived from the original (http://www.breakthechain.org/exclusives/aandf.html) on 8 December 2011 . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "Pupils warned not to wear thongs" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2943874.stm) . BBC News . 28 May 2003 . Retrieved 7 January 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-iran_no_thongs_64-0) Los Angeles Times (9 May 2006). "Iran Considering Law Against Western Attire" (http://articles.latimes.com/2006/may/20/world/fg-dress20) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 10 January 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-iran_no_thongs2_65-0) Los Angeles Times (25 April 2007). " (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-apr-25-fg-briefs25.2-story.html) 'Uncovered' women target of crackdown" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-apr-25-fg-briefs25.2-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 10 January 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-66) "About Our Beaches" (https://www.horrycountysc.gov/about-our-beaches/) . Horry County Government . Retrieved 15 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) "North Carolina beach town bans thongs" (http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/04/28/north.carolina.no.thongs/index.html) . CNN . 28 April 2010. External links [ edit ] Look up thong (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thong) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 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Hiten Noonwal Noonwal in 2014 Born Delhi Nationality Indian Education Masters in Apparel/Fashion Design from NID Alma mater NID Known for Dancer, Drag artist, Fashion designer Hiten Noonwal is an Indian performance artist (/wiki/Performance_art) , design educator, cosplayer, and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) known for their avant-garde (/wiki/Avant-garde) style. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Hiten has performed more than 800 dance shows across the world and has conducted design and gender sensitization workshops. [4] (#cite_note-4) Hiten specializes in oriental belly dance [5] (#cite_note-5) and performs to express themselves; they are well-known for their performance presentations on flow movements. [6] (#cite_note-6) Hailing from an orthodox family in a small town, [7] (#cite_note-7) Hiten had faced many difficulties in presenting their art without their family knowing of it. Hiten identifies as gender fluid (/wiki/Gender_fluid) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Hiten has previously worked as a fashion designer at Ritu Kumar (/wiki/Ritu_Kumar) and assistant designer at Raw Mango. [10] (#cite_note-10) They earned a Masters in Apparel/Fashion Design from National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design,_Ahmedabad) and is an LGBTQ+ Influencer. [11] (#cite_note-11) The documentary Nothing But a Human covers Noonwal's life. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) " (http://www.inuth.com/trends/social-virals/not-ashamed-to-dress-like-a-woman-says-gender-fluid-artist-hiten-noonwal/) "Not ashamed to dress like a woman", says gender fluid artist Hiten Noonwal" (http://www.inuth.com/trends/social-virals/not-ashamed-to-dress-like-a-woman-says-gender-fluid-artist-hiten-noonwal/) . InUth . 2017-06-27 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "International Dance Day: Three men break stereotypes with ballet, belly and heels" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/international-dance-day-inspirational-stories-three-men-break-stereotypes-5151652/) . The Indian Express . 2018-05-01 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ramadurai, Charukesi (2021-06-25). " (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/jun/25/drag-is-political-the-pioneering-indian-event-uniting-art-and-activism) 'Drag is political': the pioneering Indian event uniting art and activism" (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/jun/25/drag-is-political-the-pioneering-indian-event-uniting-art-and-activism) . the Guardian . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Neha Chaudhary (Feb 14, 2019). "No special LGBTQI parties in Jaipur on first Valentine's Day post decriminalisation of sec 377, but everyone is welcome | Jaipur News - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/no-special-lgbtqi-parties-in-jaipur-on-first-valentines-day-post-decriminalisation-of-sec-377-but-everyone-is-welcome/articleshow/67978654.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Service, Tribune News. "Workshop at women's college" (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/education-notes-211082) . Tribuneindia News Service . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Apichatsakol, Mika (2020-05-07). "The #MetGalaChallenge Is Almost Better Than The Real Thing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210720120210/https://www.thailandtatler.com/style/the-metgalachallenge-is-almost-better-than-the-real-thing) . Tatler Thailand . Archived from the original (https://www.thailandtatler.com/style/the-metgalachallenge-is-almost-better-than-the-real-thing) on 2021-07-20 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2020/aug/15/dragging-issues-in-search-of-freedom-and-self-expression-2183520.html) 'Drag'ging issues: In search of freedom and self-expression" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2020/aug/15/dragging-issues-in-search-of-freedom-and-self-expression-2183520.html) . The New Indian Express . 15 August 2020 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Love in Times of Queer: For LGBTQ Desis, Dating Apps Also Mean Bigotry, Hate Crime" (https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/love-in-time-of-queer-for-lgbtq-desis-dating-apps-also-mean-bigotry-hate-crime-3908993.html) . News18 . 2021-07-02 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Under-rated Drag Queens Breaking The Gender Stereotypes" (https://wmhindia.com/under-rated-drag-queens-breaking-the-gender-stereotypes) . WMH India . 2021-06-08 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Godhawat, Jayati (2018-04-30). "Gender-Fluid Hiten Noonwal Narrates His Story Of Coping With Depression Through Bold Self-Portraits" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210720133229/https://www.indianwomenblog.org/gender-fluid-hiten-noonwal-narrates-his-story-of-coping-with-depression-through-bold-self-portraits/) . Indian Women Blog - Stories of Indian Women . Archived from the original (https://www.indianwomenblog.org/gender-fluid-hiten-noonwal-narrates-his-story-of-coping-with-depression-through-bold-self-portraits/) on 2021-07-20 . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "LGBTQ+ Creators That Are Taking Over Beauty Instagram" (https://www.grazia.co.in/people/lgbtq-creators-that-are-taking-over-beauty-instagram-7552.html) . grazia.co.in . Retrieved 2021-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) BMO IFFSA Virtual 2021 | Nothing But a Human , archived from the original (https://www.iffsavirtual.com/film/nothing-but-a-human/) on 2021-07-20 , retrieved 2021-07-20 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐qqnbc Cached time: 20240714223604 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.255 seconds Real time usage: 0.581 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1953/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26575/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 640/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 47327/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.193/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5011618/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 293.697 1 -total 54.80% 160.933 1 Template:Infobox_artist 43.59% 128.020 1 Template:Reflist 36.34% 106.732 11 Template:Cite_web 8.74% 25.676 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 6.30% 18.503 15 Template:Main_other 5.81% 17.052 1 Template:Wikidata_image 4.49% 13.186 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 4.13% 12.137 1 Template:Unbulleted_list 1.89% 5.544 1 Template:PAGENAMEBASE Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68279872-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714223604 and revision id 1234546720. 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Type of modeling profession This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hand_model) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Hand model" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hand+model%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hand+model%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hand+model%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hand+model%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hand+model%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hand+model%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Hand with fingers out reaching A hand model is a person who models (/wiki/Model_(person)) (poses or displays) their hand or hands for the purposes of art (/wiki/Art) , fashion (/wiki/Fashion) , products (/wiki/Product_(business)) or advertising (/wiki/Advertising) . Hand models are used in advertising (/wiki/Advertising) where advertisers want close ups of the product being handled. Most hands have blemishes such as scrapes, scars (/wiki/Scar) , spots (/wiki/Pimple) , or discolorations which would stand out in a close up and detract from the product. Hand models tend to have flawless skin and hands. In female hand models agents often seek long, slender hands and fingers and long nail beds (/wiki/Fingernail) . [1] (#cite_note-1) They also value smooth, hairless, unblemished skin with minimal wrinkles and visible pores (/wiki/Sweat_gland) . Requirements for male hand models vary, depending on whether the job calls for a burly, construction worker (/wiki/Blue-collar_worker) type hand or a more white-collar (/wiki/White-collar_worker) look. For print media hand models, a necessary trait is the ability to pose in a relaxed, graceful fashion. Professional hand models avoid what photographers (/wiki/Photographer) call "the claw," the rigid grip that novices often use before the camera. Hand models are prevalent in TV commercials (/wiki/TV_commercial) , although the hand may not always be visible. Many food commercials have hand models pouring gravy, dipping a French fry or cutting meat. Here perfect hands are not as important as the timing and patience required to "hit one's mark." Some hand models can make upwards of $1,200 a day. [2] (#cite_note-2) For TV work, premiere parts models are paid $1,000 per day and for print work can make $2,000 - $5,000 per day. [3] (#cite_note-3) Many parts models and hand models work part-time as freelancers, but some models like Karina Nelson (/w/index.php?title=Karina_Nelson&action=edit&redlink=1) and Adele Uddo (/wiki/Adele_Uddo) are booked full-time. Hand art [ edit ] Hand art is the application of make-up (/wiki/Make-up) or paint to a hand to make it appear like an animal or other object. Some hand artists, like Guido Daniele (/wiki/Guido_Daniele) , produce images that are trompe-l'œil (/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il) representations of wild animals painted on people's hands. Hand artists work closely with hand models. Models can be booked through specialist acting and modeling agencies usually advertising under "body parts models" or "hands and feet models." Many hand models can be hired directly. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rubin, Courtney (2016-03-14). "What a Hand Model Knows About Skin Care" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/17/fashion/hand-model-secrets.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2019-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) CNN Article on Hand Models (http://www.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/personal/08/10/hand.modeling/#cnnSTCText) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Robehmed, Natalie. "The Life Of A Hand Model: Inside The Secretive World Of Parts Modeling" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2014/08/18/the-life-of-a-hand-model-inside-the-secretive-world-of-parts-modeling/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2019-06-05 . External links [ edit ] Faces behind hand models (https://www.buzzfeed.com/gabrielsanchez/headshots-of-hand-models#.ojyA8dWw6) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐svqcr Cached time: 20240713003545 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.193 seconds Real time usage: 0.357 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 406/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13691/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 445/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10413/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.121/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4070006/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 237.655 1 -total 45.46% 108.033 1 Template:Reflist 36.36% 86.404 1 Template:Cite_news 28.86% 68.579 1 Template:Short_description 24.46% 58.125 1 Template:Refimprove 22.00% 52.292 1 Template:Ambox 15.05% 35.759 2 Template:Pagetype 9.33% 22.165 3 Template:Main_other 8.52% 20.244 1 Template:SDcat 4.58% 10.873 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:11515470-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713003545 and revision id 1075564648. 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Irish fashion designer Lainey Keogh Born 1957 (age 66–67) Oldtown (/wiki/Oldtown,_Dublin) , County Dublin (/wiki/County_Dublin) , Ireland (/wiki/Ireland) [1] (#cite_note-watson-1) Nationality Irish Website http://www.laineykeogh.com (http://www.laineykeogh.com) Lainey Keogh (born 1957) is an Irish fashion designer specialising in knitwear. Early life [ edit ] Born in 1957 in Oldtown (/wiki/Oldtown,_Dublin) in County Dublin (/wiki/County_Dublin) , Ireland, Keogh grew up on a farm. [1] (#cite_note-watson-1) She studied microbiology, [1] (#cite_note-watson-1) and started out as a lab technician before deciding to pursue fashion design as a career. [2] (#cite_note-power-2) At this time, Marianne Gunn O'Connor, who had a clothes shop in Dublin called Otokio specialising in avant-garde fashion, [3] (#cite_note-gunn-3) noticed Keogh knitting in the Bewley's (/wiki/Bewley%27s) coffee house in Dublin, and is credited with discovering her and her work. [1] (#cite_note-watson-1) Following Otokio's closure in 1991, Gunn O'Connor would go on to take charge of international PR (/wiki/Public_relations) for Keogh's company, before finding success as a literary agent. [3] (#cite_note-gunn-3) Career [ edit ] In 1984 Keogh opened her first shop in Dublin, where she gradually built up her business and reputation, before presenting her first major catwalk show in Autumn 1997 at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [4] (#cite_note-rip-4) Despite breaking all the traditional rules, including having personal friends (including Marianne Faithfull (/wiki/Marianne_Faithfull) and Sophie Dahl (/wiki/Sophie_Dahl) , making her catwalk debut) modelling alongside famous supermodels such as Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) and Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) , the show, held in a working man's club, was very well received. [5] (#cite_note-divine-5) The soundtrack to the show included unreleased tracks by U2 (/wiki/U2) , while John Hurt (/wiki/John_Hurt) recited poetry by Seamus Heaney (/wiki/Seamus_Heaney) . [4] (#cite_note-rip-4) Anna Harvey (/wiki/Anna_Harvey) of UK Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) declared Keogh's show the "jewel in the crown" of that Fashion Week. [2] (#cite_note-power-2) That same year, Isabella Blow (/wiki/Isabella_Blow) chose a Keogh knitted evening dress and coat ensemble as part of the 1997 Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) alongside designs by Hussein Chalayan (/wiki/Hussein_Chalayan) , Julien MacDonald (/wiki/Julien_MacDonald) , Deborah Milner (/wiki/Deborah_Milner) , and Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The following year, Keogh's textiles were used by John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) in his 1998 Autumn haute couture collection at Christian Dior S.A. (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) [2] (#cite_note-power-2) Although an enthusiastic proponent of new technology in the late 1990s, Keogh decided in 2001 to focus on ethically sourced, natural fibres and dyes, and exclude synthetics and chemicals from her work. [5] (#cite_note-divine-5) She also decided to make an effort to preserve traditional Irish weaving and knitting techniques by insisting that her clothes be handmade by local individuals, rather than mass-produced. [5] (#cite_note-divine-5) She is an active supporter of charities and international women's rights, and in 2001, was donating twenty per cent of her sales to a different charity each month. [5] (#cite_note-divine-5) Since 2001, she has regularly held fund-raising shows for, and donated percentages of her income to charitable organisations such as the Chernobyl Children's Project (/wiki/Chernobyl_Children%27s_Project) , [2] (#cite_note-power-2) earthquake relief in India, [5] (#cite_note-divine-5) and the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul (/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In popular culture [ edit ] Over the course of her career Lainey Keogh has often been name-checked in contemporary popular fiction by authors such as Sheila O'Flanagan (/wiki/Sheila_O%27Flanagan) ( Far From Over , 2008), [8] (#cite_note-8) Kate Thompson (/wiki/Kate_Thompson_(romantic_novelist)) ( Striking Poses , 2003), [9] (#cite_note-9) Cathy Kelly (/wiki/Cathy_Kelly) ( Woman to Woman , 2011; [10] (#cite_note-10) and Always and Forever , [11] (#cite_note-11) 2007), and Paul Howard (/wiki/Paul_Howard_(journalist)) ( The Oh My God Delusion (/wiki/The_Oh_My_God_Delusion) , 2010). [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2010 Keogh was one of six contemporary, internationally renowned Irish fashion designers featured on a set of Irish postage stamps (/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Ireland) issued by An Post (/wiki/An_Post) . The other designers featured were Paul Costelloe (/wiki/Paul_Costelloe) , Louise Kennedy (/wiki/Louise_Kennedy) , John Rocha (/wiki/John_Rocha) , Philip Treacy (/wiki/Philip_Treacy) and Orla Kiely (/wiki/Orla_Kiely) . [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Watson, Linda (2008). Twentieth century fashion ([New] ed.). London: Carlton. p. 272. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1844428304 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Power, Bairbre (24 October 2007). "Fifty and fabulous Lainey celebrates birthday in style" (http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/independent-woman/fashion/fifty-and-fabulous-lainey-celebrates-birthday-in-style-1203093.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110830133523/http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/independent-woman/fashion/fifty-and-fabulous-lainey-celebrates-birthday-in-style-1203093.html) from the original on 30 August 2011 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Joe (24 November 2012). "Top Gunn" (http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/top-gunn-26228540.html) . The Irish Independent . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013657/http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/top-gunn-26228540.html) from the original on 19 April 2014 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Foxe, Damian (22 February 1998). "FASHION: RIPPING YARNS" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/fashion-ripping-yarns-1146409.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140221081228/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/fashion-ripping-yarns-1146409.html) from the original on 21 February 2014 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Harris, Constance (28 October 2001). "Lainey Keogh's divine creatures" (http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/lainey-keoghs-divine-creatures-511283.html) . The Irish Independent . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Fashion Museum, Bath. "Dress of the Year 1990 - 1999" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140724013127/http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/collections/dress_of_the_year/1990_-_1999.aspx) . Fashion Museum, Bath. Archived from the original (http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/collections/dress_of_the_year/1990_-_1999.aspx) on 24 July 2014 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Gallagher, Alanna (8 December 2012). "Pretty vacant" (http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/magazine/2012/1208/1224327576124.html) . The Irish Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121229064719/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/magazine/2012/1208/1224327576124.html) from the original on 29 December 2012 . Retrieved 22 January 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) O'Flanagan, Sheila (2008). Far From Over . Hachette UK. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780755352043 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Thompson, Kate (2003). Striking poses . London [etc.]: Bantam Books. p. 108. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0553814311 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Kelly, Cathy (2011). Woman to Woman . Hachette UK. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0755385928 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170925125217/https://books.google.com/books?id=HAnOuUs_gr4C&pg=PT107&dq=Lainey+Keogh) from the original on 25 September 2017 . Retrieved 2 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Kelly, Cathy (2007). Always and Forever . UK: Simon & Schuster. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781416548171 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Howard, Paul (2011). The Oh My God Delusion . Dublin: Penguin Ireland. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781844881765 . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170818081534/https://books.google.com/books?id=1J8YwWTYkgEC&pg=PT361&dq=Lainey+Keogh) from the original on 18 August 2017 . Retrieved 2 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Magnificent Irish fashionista stamps" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140203001930/http://www.worldstampnews.com/2010/07/magnificent-irish-fashionista-stamps/) . World Stamp News . 18 July 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.worldstampnews.com/2010/07/magnificent-irish-fashionista-stamps/) on 3 February 2014 . Retrieved 23 January 2014 . External links [ edit ] Baskin, Bibi (23 March 1993). "The Third Dimension in Irish Knitting: Lainey Keogh interview" (https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1922-irish-fashion-designers/495623-lainey-keogh-interview/) . RTÉ Archive . Raidió Teilifís Éireann . Retrieved 10 December 2014 . 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American sculptor Voris Linthacum Marker Born Voris Linthacum ( 1908-09-20 ) 20 September 1908 Baker City, Oregon (/wiki/Baker_City,_Oregon) , U.S. [1] (#cite_note-wed-1) Died 22 May 1973 (1973-05-22) (aged 64) Beverly Hills, California (/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California) , U.S. Label Suedes by Voris Awards Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) , 1942 Voris was the professional name of Voris Marker , an American designer of suede (/wiki/Suede) sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) who won the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) in 1942 for her work. [2] (#cite_note-mcdowell-2) As Voris Marker, she also worked as a sculptor. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) Early life and education [ edit ] Born Voris Linthacum in Baker City, Oregon (/wiki/Baker_City,_Oregon) according to her marriage certificate, [1] (#cite_note-wed-1) but growing up on a ranch near Billings, Montana (/wiki/Billings,_Montana) , Voris worked as a copywriter (/wiki/Copywriter) for an advertising agency (/wiki/Advertising_agency) in Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) after finishing school in Montana. [4] (#cite_note-air-4) Career [ edit ] While in Chicago, she had to have an operation on her leg, which led to her returning home as an invalid. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) Whilst recuperating, Voris came across a piece of soft chamois leather (/wiki/Chamois_leather) , which inspired her to use it to make up clothing. [4] (#cite_note-air-4) She made a golf skirt for a Spokane woman to wear in a tournament. [4] (#cite_note-air-4) Other players and spectators noticed the skirt, and asked Voris to make them leather garments too. [4] (#cite_note-air-4) She founded her business, Suedes by Voris, in 1933, and by 1940, had shops in Hollywood (/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles) (where she sold garments to many actors) and across the Southwest, selling a wide range of clothing entirely made in suede. [4] (#cite_note-air-4) Her range included day and evening wear, hats, jewelry, and men's jackets, shirts, and ties, [4] (#cite_note-air-4) made in a wide range of colors. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) One noted design was a gold-plated evening jacket. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) When the couturier Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) visited Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) and was invited to choose any one thing she wanted from the store; she chose a Voris coat as "the most distinctive fashion she had ever seen by an American designer." [3] (#cite_note-al-3) It has been suggested that this inspired the decision to award Voris the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) in 1942. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) Voris later gave up the business to dedicate herself to sculpting (/wiki/Sculpting) . [3] (#cite_note-al-3) Following her receipt of the Neiman Marcus award, she was commissioned to create a bronze portrait of Herbert Marcus (/wiki/Herbert_Marcus) , the co-founder of the store. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) She made a memorial bust of Gary Cooper (/wiki/Gary_Cooper) for the Friars Club of Beverly Hills (/wiki/Friars_Club_of_Beverly_Hills) in 1961. [3] (#cite_note-al-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) Personal life [ edit ] On 29 November 1936, Voris married Clifford H. Marker (1899–1987) who went on to become a President of the Board of Water and Power Commissioners in the early 1960s. [1] (#cite_note-wed-1) [6] (#cite_note-6) She died on 22 May 1973. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Montana, County Marriages, 1865-1950," index and images, FamilySearch ( https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/F3W9-473 (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/F3W9-473) : accessed 8 March 2015), Clifford H. Marker and Voris Linthacum, 29 Nov 1936; citing Marriage, Kalispell, Flathead, Montana, county courthouses, Montana; FHL microfilm 1,902,481. ^ (#cite_ref-mcdowell_2-0) McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 302–303. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Gaskill, Al (29 October 1961). "The Man in the Brown Derby" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1933242/) . The Independent Record . Retrieved 6 March 2015 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Staff writer (10 February 1940). "Talented Designer Visits" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1933204/talented_designer_visits_article_about/) . Arizona Independent Republic . p. 34 . Retrieved 6 March 2015 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Meyers, Jeffrey (2001). Gary Cooper: American hero (1st Cooper Square Press ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. p. 357. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781461660989 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Staff writer. "Water, power assets mark milestone" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1942234//) . Redlands Daily Facts . UPI . Retrieved 8 March 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "California, Death Index, 1940-1997," index, FamilySearch Voris L Marker (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VGTS-7X3) accessed 8 March 2015, 22 May 1973; Department of Public Health Services, Sacramento. 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Afro-textured hair (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Afro-textured_hair) . Articles relating to kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) , a human hair texture prevalent in the indigenous populations (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples) of many regions with hot climates, mainly sub-Saharan Africa (/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa) , Melanesia (/wiki/Melanesia) , and Australia (/wiki/Australia) . Each strand of this hair type grows in a tiny, angle-like helix (/wiki/Helix) shape. The overall effect is such that, contrasted with straight hair (/wiki/Straight_hair) , wavy hair (/wiki/Wavy_hair) , or curly hair (/wiki/Curly_hair) , kinky hair appears denser. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐kvf66 Cached time: 20240721181639 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.114 seconds Real time usage: 0.152 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 151/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3040/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 304/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.070/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180372/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 135.425 1 -total 60.73% 82.244 1 Template:Commons_cat 57.23% 77.500 1 Template:Sister_project 55.41% 75.042 1 Template:Side_box 39.07% 52.914 1 Template:Catmain 31.58% 42.772 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53701983-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721181639 and revision id 1187794251. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. A African-American hair (/wiki/Category:African-American_hair) (33 P) Pages in category "Kinky hair" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Kinky hair (/wiki/Kinky_hair) A Afro (/wiki/Afro) B Box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) G Grandassa Models (/wiki/Grandassa_Models) H Hair twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) N Nubian wig (/wiki/Nubian_wig) P Pencil test (South Africa) (/wiki/Pencil_test_(South_Africa)) Marianela Pinales (/wiki/Marianela_Pinales) Protective hairstyle (/wiki/Protective_hairstyle) W Wicks (hairstyle) (/wiki/Wicks_(hairstyle)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Kinky_hair&oldid=1187794251 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Kinky_hair&oldid=1187794251) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Black (human racial classification) (/wiki/Category:Black_(human_racial_classification)) Hairdressing (/wiki/Category:Hairdressing) Human hair (/wiki/Category:Human_hair) Melanesia (/wiki/Category:Melanesia) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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American fashion designer Molly Yestadt Alma mater Fashion Institute of Technology, Columbia University (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Institute_of_Technology,_Columbia_University&action=edit&redlink=1) Occupation Fashion Sustainability (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Sustainability&action=edit&redlink=1) Molly Yestadt is a manager (/wiki/Sustainability) in the United States. Life [ edit ] She studied fine arts at University of Hartford (/wiki/University_of_Hartford) , transferred to the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , and is completing her Masters of Science at Columbia University (/wiki/Columbia_University) in Sustainability Management. [1] (#cite_note-forbes-1) [2] (#cite_note-popsugar-2) [3] (#cite_note-cooljob-3) She worked as an apprentice at millinery design studio Cha Cha’s House of Ill Repute (http://chachashouse.com/) from 2004 to 2007, and as a designer for Steve Madden (/wiki/Steve_Madden) from 2007 to 2009 and launched her business shortly after. [4] (#cite_note-hatlife-4) In Spring 2009, fashion retailer Intermix (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) started carrying some of Yestadt's designs. [3] (#cite_note-cooljob-3) [5] (#cite_note-5) Later that same year, a model wore a hat of Yestadt's at a photo shoot with Alister Mackie, then stylist for Marc by Marc Jacobs, and the design caught the stylist's eye. [6] (#cite_note-dossier-6) This resulted in a collaboration with Marc by Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) that significantly raised Yestadt's profile. [7] (#cite_note-dazed-7) [4] (#cite_note-hatlife-4) Work [ edit ] Yestadt is known for merging classic techniques and traditional styles - with a modern aesthetic. Yestadt has collaborated with designers such as Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , [8] (#cite_note-marcjacobsteamup-8) Vena Cava, [9] (#cite_note-ofakind-9) Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) , [10] (#cite_note-inthestudio-10) and Phillip Lim (/wiki/Phillip_Lim) . [7] (#cite_note-dazed-7) Her works with Yestadt also have a number of celebrity fans, among them Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) and Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) . [11] (#cite_note-rihannaloves-11) A number of retailers carry or have carried Yestadt's designs, including Intermix (/wiki/Intermix_(fashion)) , Anthropologie (/wiki/Anthropologie) , Henri Bendel (/wiki/Henri_Bendel) , Barney's CO-OP (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) , and The Hat Store (http://www.thehatstore.com/) . [6] (#cite_note-dossier-6) [7] (#cite_note-dazed-7) [12] (#cite_note-12) While a number of high fashion figures started out as milliners, such as Halston (/wiki/Halston) and Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) , the art of hatmaking has had a comparatively lower profile in the latter half of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, possibly as a result of the woman's wardrobe becoming more casual and informal. [2] (#cite_note-popsugar-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-forbes_1-0) Adams, Susan (2011-12-19). "30 Under 30: Art & Design" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2011/12/19/30-under-30-art-design/) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b coutorture (2008-08-18). "Interview With Molly Yestadt Of Yestadt Millinery" (http://www.popsugar.com/fashion/Interview-Molly-Yestadt-Yestadt-Millinery-1924600) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Cool Job: The Girls Behind the Hats" (http://www.stardoll.com/en/magazine/post/61742/.html) . Stardoll (/wiki/Stardoll) . May 2013 . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Newcomer Molly Yestadt Gets Her Hats in the Marc by Marc Jacobs Runway Show" (http://www.hatlife.com/newsletters/2009/mar09_1/art8.htm) . Hatlife.com . March 2009 . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Marc by Marc Milliner Molly Yestadt on Hat Trends & Tips" (http://www.bbook.com/marc-by-marc-milliner-molly-yestadt-on-hat-trends-tips/) . Blackbook . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b Ivory, Sarah (2009-10-21). "Dossier in Conversation with Molly Yestadt" (http://dossierjournal.com/style/fashion/dossier-in-conversation-with-molly-yestadt/) . Dossier Journal (/wiki/Dossier_Journal) . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Malik, Stephanie (2013). "Yestadt Millinery: Framing the face with the Marc by Marc Jacobs and Thom Browne collaborators" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/13489/1/yestadt-millinery) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-marcjacobsteamup_8-0) Yotka, Steff (2014-11-13). "Marc Jacobs and Yestadt Team Up on Beanies" (http://www.style.com/trends/fashion/2014/marc-jacobs-yestadt-hats) . Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-ofakind_9-0) Mccarroll, Courtney. "Meet the Designer: Yestadt Millinery" (http://www.ofakind.com/designers/yestadt-millinery) . Of a Kind . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-inthestudio_10-0) Newell-Hanson, Alice (2012-09-20). "In the Studio with Molly Yestadt" (http://www.openingceremony.us/entry.asp?pid=6630) . openingceremony.us . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-rihannaloves_11-0) Aleksander, Irina (2009-09-08). "Rihanna, Courtney, Marc Love Molly Yestadt's Haute Hats" (https://observer.com/2009/09/rihanna-courtney-marc-love-molly-yestadts-haute-hats/) . The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Pfander, Catherine Blair (2011-04-29). "Mood Board: Yestadt Millinery Looks to Vietnamese Hats and the Natural History Museum" (http://www.nbcnewyork.com/blogs/threadny/THREAD-Mood-Board-Yestadt-Millinery-Looks-to-Vietnamese-Hats-and-the-Natural-History-Museum--120952364.html) . WNBC (/wiki/WNBC) blog . New York City . Retrieved 2015-03-08 . External links [ edit ] Yestadt Millinery (http://yestadtmillinery.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐jhpr7 Cached time: 20240718222435 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.334 seconds Real time usage: 0.500 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2036/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22078/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 851/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46819/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.208/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6236707/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 480.976 1 -total 38.63% 185.790 1 Template:Infobox_person 35.97% 172.996 1 Template:Reflist 25.03% 120.408 7 Template:Cite_news 18.00% 86.568 1 Template:Short_description 15.32% 73.701 1 Template:Wikidata_image 9.33% 44.851 17 Template:Main_other 8.87% 42.642 2 Template:Pagetype 5.57% 26.800 1 Template:SDcat 5.40% 25.971 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45622012-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718222435 and revision id 1138791499. 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< User talk:Mauriziok (/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok) This user page was nominated for deletion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) on 9 June 2021. The result of the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) was keep . Beauty Pageants (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Beauty_Pageants) NA‑class Low‑importance This page is within the scope of WikiProject Beauty Pageants (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Beauty_Pageants) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of beauty pageants (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) , their contestants and winners on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Beauty_Pageants) and see a list of open tasks. Beauty Pageants Wikipedia:WikiProject Beauty Pageants Template:WikiProject Beauty Pageants Beauty Pageants articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Beauty_Pageants_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. Low (/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Beauty_Pageants_articles) This page has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Beauty_Pageants/Assessment#Importance_scale) . Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) NA‑class Low‑importance Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. Low (/wiki/Category:Low-importance_fashion_articles) This page has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion/Assessment#Importance_scale) . A fact from Mauriziok/Mister Supranational appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page (/wiki/Main_Page) in the Did you know (/wiki/Template:Did_you_know) column on 12 September 2020 ( check views (https://tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews?project=en.wikipedia.org&mutevalidations=true&start=2020-09-02&end=2020-09-22&pages=Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational) ). The text of the entry was as follows: Did you know ... that Jenny Kim (/wiki/Jenny_Kim) 's victory in the 2017 Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) beauty pageant (finalists pictured) marked the first time that a contestant representing South Korea won a major international pageant? A record of the entry may be seen at Wikipedia:Recent additions/2020/September (/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2020/September#12_September_2020) . The nomination discussion and review may be seen at Template:Did you know nominations/Miss and Mister Supranational (/wiki/Template:Did_you_know_nominations/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) . Wikipedia __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?"],"text":"Subject, title, and formatting of the page?","linkableTitle":"Subject, title, and formatting of the page?"} Subject, title, and formatting of the page? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Berchanhimez-2020-08-21T18:45:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z","timestamp":"2020-08-21T18:45:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?"],"text":"Subject, title, and formatting of the page?","linkableTitle":"Subject, title, and formatting of the page?"} These are three somewhat related questions. First, subject : how do we handle Mister Supranational? This is a separate contest, but clearly related - run by the same organization, winners appear together all the time, judge each others contests, crown each others winners, etc. However it gets an order of magnitude less WP:RS (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) press than Miss Supranational, and since a few experienced editors (/wiki/User_talk:RoySmith#Could_you_please_userfy_the_deleted_Miss_Supranational_article_for_me?) just might be skeptical (/wiki/User_talk:RoySmith#Could_you_please_userfy_the_deleted_Miss_Supranational_article_for_me?) of the Wikipedia:Notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of Miss Supranational, I don't want Mister Supranational to stand alone, since it's much more vulnerable to a well placed WP:AFD (/wiki/Wikipedia:AFD) . So I think it should just be a section of this page. But this should be discussed. Among other things, do we want one infobox for Miss Supranational and another for Mister Supranational? There isn't a lot of info in either, though there'll probably be a logo when this goes to main space (can't use fair use images outside main space). Just one for World Beauty Associates? Second, title : if we do keep Mister Suprananational here, should we title this page Miss and Mister Supranational ? (Miss first because it precedes in three ways: alphabetically, chronologically, and in order of notability as above.) Or should we keep it Miss Supranational since that is the main subject, and to parallel the other beauty pageant articles, Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) , Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) , Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) and Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth) ? Finally, formatting : those four international beauty pageant articles are full of tables - they've got more tables than a woodworking shop. So did the two previous (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:GRuban/Miss_Supranational&oldid=971677484) versions (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:GRuban/Miss_Supranational&oldid=620028948) of this page, actually. Most of the content of the current "pageants" sections will fit in tables, but not all, there is noticeable information that doesn't fit and that I don't want to leave out, such as that Monika Lewczuk won the prize in the city of her birth, or that Jenny Kim got congratulated for bringing South Korea its first major international beauty pageant victory, or, relatedly, that Valeria Vázquez Latorre got feted by the Puerto Rican government for completing the set of 5 major international beauty pageant victories. I guess there could be a "Notes" column in the table for that, though. What do people think? -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 16:29, 12 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z-Subject,_title,_and_formatting_of_the_page?","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z"]}} User:Berchanhimez (/wiki/User:Berchanhimez) at Template:Did you know nominations/Miss and Mister Supranational (/wiki/Template:Did_you_know_nominations/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) prefers the table. So be it! -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 17:07, 21 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T16:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-Berchanhimez-2020-08-21T18:45:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z"]}} I do - I think that the current two tables are probably all that's needed. Keep in mind that there's no harm in separating "notes" and "references" if it gets too unwieldy - have the notes such as "this year, the winner was born in the city the contest was held in" or something, then have the references in a separate column if you so desire. The current notes is fine though if you want to leave it that way. I also don't know that the mens' competition has enough for an article on its own, so I think the title is fine as is. If it were a "sister competition" or like "additional feature" to the womens', I could see naming it Miss Supranational, but it appears at least to me that it's a completely separate competition that just so happens to be ran by the same people, same dates, etc. One question you could ask (or look for in reliable sources) - does each competition have separate press credentialing, separate ticketing, etc, or is one ticket/credential (or similar) sufficient to get into both. If one ticket gets both, then it suggests they may be part of the same event, but that doesn't guarantee that they should be named under "Miss Supranational" only with a subsection. Hopefully this helps. -bɜ:ʳkənhɪmez ( User (/wiki/User:Berchanhimez) / say hi! (/wiki/User_talk:Berchanhimez) ) 18:45, 21 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-Berchanhimez-2020-08-21T18:45:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-21T18:45:00.000Z","author":"Berchanhimez","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Berchanhimez-2020-08-21T18:45:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-21T17:07:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"User"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Ready_for_review-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z-Ready_for_review","c-GRuban-2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z-Ready_for_review"],"text":"Ready for review","linkableTitle":"Ready for review"} Ready for review [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Ready_for_review-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z-Ready_for_review","c-GRuban-2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z-Ready_for_review"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z-Ready_for_review","timestamp":"2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__5__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Ready_for_review-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z-Ready_for_review","c-GRuban-2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z-Ready_for_review"],"text":"Ready for review","linkableTitle":"Ready for review"} @ RoySmith (/wiki/User:RoySmith) , WilliamJE (/wiki/User:WilliamJE) , and I Nyoman Gede Anila (/wiki/User:I_Nyoman_Gede_Anila) : Hi folks. User:RoySmith (/wiki/User:RoySmith) is an experienced administrator who deleted Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) some years ago, and was kind enough to restore it to my user space when I said I would be interested in fixing it. User talk:RoySmith#Could you please userfy the deleted Miss Supranational article for me? (/wiki/User_talk:RoySmith#Could_you_please_userfy_the_deleted_Miss_Supranational_article_for_me?) I'm afraid I haven't taken much advantage of the restoration, since, well, it was pretty horrible, both previous (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:GRuban/Miss_Supranational&oldid=971677484) versions (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:GRuban/Miss_Supranational&oldid=620028948) , only one or two references each, and not very good ones. So I've been working in this space instead, with (I hope!) better results. Certainly more refs! Anyway, Roy said he would be willing to take a look if pinged. This is that. User:WilliamJE (/wiki/User:WilliamJE) is also an experienced user, though not an administrator, who warned me against recreating the article in that discussion on Roy's page. I offered him a friendly wager on whether it would survive AfD after I recreated it with some work, which ... I'm afraid he ducked. OK, no wager. I'd still be interested to hear William's opinions, though. User:I Nyoman Gede Anila (/wiki/User:I_Nyoman_Gede_Anila) is an inexperienced user, but one with a great deal of interest in our articles about beauty pageants. Pretty much all I know about beauty pageants I learned from working on this article just now. (I think I've written one much shorter article about a beauty pageant winner (/wiki/Tina_Machado) - that one also a rescue from deletion, oddly enough!) So maybe he'll be able to give me some useful advice. Comments from any of you on any part of this draft article, but especially on the three questions I ask in the section immediately above, are very welcome. Thank you! -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 18:54, 12 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z-Ready_for_review) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z-Ready_for_review","replies":["c-RoySmith-2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z"]}} GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) , I don't know much about beauty pageants, so I'll just make some general comments. The first thing that caught my eye was the large number of redlinks. Please see WP:RED (/wiki/Wikipedia:RED) , where it says, In general, a red link should be allowed to remain in an article if it links to a title that could plausibly sustain an article . My other comment is that much of this seems like trivia, but that may just be that this isn't a topic I'm interested in. It certainly has plenty of references. I spot-checked a couple and didn't see any that raised any obvious red flags about not being WP:RS (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . I hope this was of some value. -- RoySmith (/wiki/User:RoySmith) (talk) (/wiki/User_talk:RoySmith) 19:37, 12 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-RoySmith-2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z","author":"RoySmith","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-RoySmith-2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T18:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z-RoySmith-2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z"]}} @ RoySmith (/wiki/User:RoySmith) : Yes, it was, thank you! Honestly, I could probably have squeezed out a Notability-meeting article on maybe half of the red links, but I don't know which ones until I start. But following your comments I decided to reduce them a lot, leaving in the ones for the winners and the contests, which seem most likely to qualify for articles, removing the ones for the runners-up. It's a very rough cull, of course, since most of the potential notability will come from what they do after the contest, and maybe half of them will have become notable television reporters, actresses, or models, but that doesn't correlate very closely with winning or not. I haven't written any other pageant articles either, so I'm looking at this as an article about a sport, maybe something like U.S. Figure Skating Championships (/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships) , where 90% of the content is going to be pretty formulaic, and who won, when, and from where is usually the only important thing. It's pretty rare that someone gets kneecapped (/wiki/1994_Cobo_Arena_attack) . Sources: well there are a few from the organization itself, but I was surprised how many completely unconnected newspapers there are that will regularly write not very long, but non trivial articles, several paragraphs, and of course lots and lots of pictures, about their national pageant contestants. Between the mass of them, I hope they will be enough to have the subject pass WP:N (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) . You agree? I'm waiting to read what William writes, of course. -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 20:32, 12 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z-RoySmith-2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z-RoySmith-2020-08-12T19:37:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-14T13:50:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z"]}} After more searching, removed more red links unlikely to become articles. Diego Garcy (/w/index.php?title=Diego_Garcy&action=edit&redlink=1) and Nate Crnkovich (/w/index.php?title=Nate_Crnkovich&action=edit&redlink=1) are possibilities that just might make WP:N (/wiki/Wikipedia:N) , so leaving them red. Stephi Stegman (/w/index.php?title=Stephi_Stegman&action=edit&redlink=1) definitely can (leaving it a cross-wiki redirect until ready). Valeria Vázquez (/w/index.php?title=Valeria_V%C3%A1zquez&action=edit&redlink=1) and Anntonia Porsild (/wiki/Anntonia_Porsild) are more debatable, so might stay cross-wiki articles for a while. -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 13:50, 14 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-14T13:50:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-14T13:50:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-14T13:50:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-12T20:32:00.000Z","replies":[]}} @ Jumark27 (/wiki/User:Jumark27) , Noahknows78 (/w/index.php?title=User:Noahknows78&action=edit&redlink=1) , IZ041 (/wiki/User:IZ041) , and Gene93k (/wiki/User:Gene93k) : : Hi, folks. After deciding that I wasn't going to get any more comments on this article as a draft in my user space, and moving this article to main space, I only now notice that you have all been working on Draft:Miss Supranational (/wiki/Draft:Miss_Supranational) , so might have useful comments here! Please do give any comments, or feel free to improve the article in main space, it's a wiki. Gene93k rejected the draft as so ... I hope you like this one better? If not, I guess you might join WilliamJE in mounting an AfD. My defense will be as below. -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 14:19, 14 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z-Ready_for_review) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-14T14:19:00.000Z-Ready_for_review","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notability_argument-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z-Notability_argument"],"text":"Notability argument","linkableTitle":"Notability argument"} Notability argument [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notability_argument-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z-Notability_argument"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-GRuban-2021-01-29T14:35:00.000Z-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z","timestamp":"2021-01-29T14:35:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__5__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notability_argument-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z-Notability_argument"],"text":"Notability argument","linkableTitle":"Notability argument"} User:WilliamJE (/wiki/User:WilliamJE) hasn't responded yet, but back in User talk:RoySmith#Could you please userfy the deleted Miss Supranational article for me? (/wiki/User_talk:RoySmith#Could_you_please_userfy_the_deleted_Miss_Supranational_article_for_me?) , he wrote "This topic and all its progeny have been deemed not notable on more than one occasion at AFD. The SALT should stand and if it is ever removed and the article re-created, I will send it back to AFD again if not nominate it for speedy deletion." So until he says he's changed his mind, it's probably safest to assume he's going to do that. I'm going to marshal my arguments for the Wikipedia:Notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of this topic here. Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Miss Supranational (2nd nomination) (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Miss_Supranational_(2nd_nomination)) was back in August 2014. At that time, the contest had only been run 4 times. It has gone on for 6 more contests, more than double that, and has since grown to include Mister Supranational. At the time of that AfD, the article looked like this (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:GRuban/Miss_Supranational&diff=prev&oldid=620029050) : 3 references (two forums and one primary source), and 5 external links from 3 sources, 4 about the 2011 contest, all pretty short, from Europe and Asia. And all the last were mostly about 3 individual contestants rather than about the pageant as a whole. The current version has 78 references, evenly distributed among the contests, from ... probably 50 different sources ... no forums, minimal primary sources, easily 20 countries and six continents, and most are substantial, multi-paragraph articles, from independent mainstream newspapers, about different contestants, and contests and franchises. That easily meets WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) : "significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject". -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 19:51, 13 August 2020 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z-Notability_argument) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z-Notability_argument","replies":["c-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z"]}} I remain unconvinced. I note that neither the French nor German nor Spanish WPs have an article, now the Dutch or any the scandiavians. I'd be concerned if our standards for promotional articles on popular culture articles like these have become lower than our peers. DGG (/wiki/User:DGG) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:DGG) ) 10:17, 25 January 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z","author":"DGG","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z-GRuban-2020-08-13T19:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2021-01-28T22:42:00.000Z-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z","c-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z"]}} We are the largest Wikipedia, so by definition we are going to have articles that our peers do not. And it does exist in 8 of them. The most important part is that this topic clearly meets WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) . I know you don't believe in the GNG (/wiki/User:DGG#How_Wikipedia_Ought_to_Work) , so that's not going to convince you. I guess I'll have to convince your audience. -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 22:42, 28 January 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2021-01-28T22:42:00.000Z-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-01-28T22:42:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-GRuban-2021-01-28T22:42:00.000Z-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z","replies":[]}} I see a parallel to NFILM and NCORP here. We don't always judge films with notable actors or filmmakers to be notable. We don't always judge business ventures by notable businesspeople to be notable. Pageants should be held to the same standard. So the problem I see with these sources is that they are a smorgasbord of short items about individual contestants, not a bunch of in-depth coverage about the purported subject that we'd apply to the other entities I mentioned. GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) in your opinion, what are the best three sources about Supranational here? I'm struggling to identify even one good one. ☆ Bri (/wiki/User:Bri) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Bri) ) 02:41, 29 January 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z","author":"Bri","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z-DGG-2021-01-25T10:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2021-01-29T14:35:00.000Z-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z"]}} Yes and no. If these winners were already notable for reasons unconnected with this contest, I could agree with that - if all the articles were about "Jane Jones, the great beauty, also adds Miss Supranational to her long list of prizes", then I could see the argument that the sources were about Jane Jones, not about Miss Supranational; the source would not have been written if it weren't about Jane Jones. But they're actually all about the title, Miss Supranational, and Jane Jones is just this year's winner. If Sally Smith had won it, the source would still have been written, just with her details. And if Jane Jones didn't win it, then the sources would not have been written about her, and we wouldn't have an article about her. It's more like an elected office, where the articles are written about the person in the office, but the reason for that is that they're the person in the office. Compare it to List of United States senators from New Hampshire (/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire) for example - all the sources are about the individual senators, not about Senator from New Hampshire , but most of those people are mainly notable for being the Senator from New Hampshire ; if a different person had been the senator in their place, the notability would have gone to that person. Here are some of the sources that make that quite clear that they're about the contest, not about the person: "Crowned in time of 'corona': Miss Supranational Ecuador picked via online pageant" (https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2020/04/28/2010401/crowned-time-corona-miss-supranational-ecuador-picked-online-pageant) Yes, in theory it's about one specific contestant, but in practice it's about how the contest picked that contestant, the name of the winner is not in the title, and if it had been a different name, the article would have been much the same. Also note that this is an article from the Philippines, about the contestant from Ecuador. They're rather far apart. This is not a "local boy (er, girl) makes good" story. "Nowa Miss Supranational 2009" (https://www.telemagazyn.pl/artykuly/nowa-miss-supranational-2009-357.html) - the winner is mentioned once. The article is about the contest. This is from Poland. "Venezuela ganó el Miss Supranational 2014" (https://www.quepasa.com.ve/cultura-y-farandula/venezuela-gano-el-miss-supranational-2014/) - likewise, winner mentioned once, article about contest. This is from Venezuela. "Miss Supranational had feeling she’d go home with the crown" (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/112059/miss-supranational-had-feeling-shed-go-home-with-the-crown) - From the Philippines; this one does have a fair bit about the person, not just the contest, but emphasizes the contest, in my opinion - you'll see the contest is in the title, she isn't, it writes about how she's the first Asian to win the contest, presumably it would similarly write about another person who would have been that. That said, here are sources that are coverage of the contest without being at all about individual contestants in it. "Here's everything we know about the Miss Supranational pageant" (https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/pageant/heres-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-miss-supranational-competition-20200526) "Gerhard Parzutka Von Lipinski speaks about his visit to India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/beauty-pageants/miss-diva/gerhard-parzutka-von-lipinski-speaks-about-his-visit-to-india/videoshow/61017330.cms) - hopefully you'll accept that he's only being interviewed due to being the head of the contest? Not about how interesting he is as a person, how well he raises his kids, and how snappy he is at dressing? "Mr and Miss Supranational 2020 pageants postponed" (https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/01/mr-and-miss-supranational-2020-pageants-postponed/) "Miss World PH organization acquires Miss Supranational franchise" (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/pageants/miss-world-philippines-acquires-supranational-brand) "Fil-Am modeling director is new Miss Supranational U.S. franchise owner" (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/pageants/filipino-american-modeling-director-cece-asuncion-miss-supranational-us-franchise-owner) Again, note how far apart these sources are: South Africa, India, and the Philippines, and Venezuela in the section above that. This is while the contest itself is in Poland. This isn't just notability, but world wide notability. It's going to be hard to find articles from South Africa and India and the Philippines and Venezuela about the senatorial election in New Hampshire, and yet we have 17 real articles in Category:United States Senate elections in New Hampshire (/wiki/Category:United_States_Senate_elections_in_New_Hampshire) and a whole bunch of section links. -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 14:35, 29 January 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2021-01-29T14:35:00.000Z-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-01-29T14:35:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-GRuban-2021-01-29T14:35:00.000Z-Bri-2021-01-29T02:41:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Did you know nomination [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Did_you_know_nomination","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Contested_deletion-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z-Contested_deletion"],"text":"Contested deletion","linkableTitle":"Contested deletion"} Contested deletion [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Contested_deletion-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z-Contested_deletion"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z-Contested_deletion","timestamp":"2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Contested_deletion-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","replies":["c-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z-Contested_deletion"],"text":"Contested deletion","linkableTitle":"Contested deletion"} This page should not be speedily deleted because... see above in great detail. Most of the talk page is concerned with the details. Did I say great? Amazing, enormous. Bigly! - to coin a phrase. It's got 94 references, almost all of which are since the AFD in question. The concept of nominating it for speedy is ludicrous. It's a completely new article, and clearly meets WP:GNG. -- GRuban (/wiki/User:GRuban) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:GRuban) ) 23:25, 8 June 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z-Contested_deletion) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z","author":"GRuban","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-GRuban-2021-06-08T23:25:00.000Z-Contested_deletion","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion"} A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe","timestamp":"2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion"} The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: Chanique rabe.png (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chanique_rabe.png) You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. — Community Tech bot (/wiki/User:Community_Tech_bot) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Community_Tech_bot) ) 19:23, 23 August 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z","author":"Community Tech bot","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-23T19:23:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion"} A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del","timestamp":"2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion"} The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Valeria Vazque Latorre.jpg (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valeria_Vazque_Latorre.jpg) Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/File:Valeria_Vazque_Latorre.jpg) . — Community Tech bot (/wiki/User:Community_Tech_bot) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Community_Tech_bot) ) 08:08, 24 August 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z","author":"Community Tech bot","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-08-24T08:08:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its 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__DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion 2"} The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Andi Tenri Gusti Harnum Utari Natassa Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.jpg (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andi_Tenri_Gusti_Harnum_Utari_Natassa_Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat.jpg) Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Deletion_requests/Files_found_with_reviewer_GRuban_hastemplate:PD-IDGov) . — Community Tech bot (/wiki/User:Community_Tech_bot) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Community_Tech_bot) ) 04:13, 20 November 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z","author":"Community Tech bot","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Community_Tech_bot-2021-11-20T04:13:00.000Z-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_del","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational"],"text":"How to go in miss supranational","linkableTitle":"How to go in miss supranational"} How to go in miss supranational [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational","timestamp":"2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational"],"text":"How to go in miss supranational","linkableTitle":"How to go in miss supranational"} How to go in miss supranational 2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 23:17, 7 June 2022 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z","author":"2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-2409:4063:4E11:F477:E930:1A88:FCB0:9323-2022-06-07T23:17:00.000Z-How_to_go_in_miss_supranational","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe-20221025183700","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion 2"} A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe-20221025183700","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe","timestamp":"20221025183700"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe-20221025183700","replies":["c-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe"],"text":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion","linkableTitle":"A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion 2"} The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: Stephania Stegman as Miss Supranational 2015.jpg (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stephania_Stegman_as_Miss_Supranational_2015.jpg) You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. — Community Tech bot (/wiki/User:Community_Tech_bot) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Community_Tech_bot) ) 18:37, 25 October 2022 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Mauriziok/Mister_Supranational#c-Community_Tech_bot-20221025183700-A_Commons_file_used_on_this_page_or_its_Wikidata_item_has_been_nominated_for_spe) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"20221025183700","author":"Community Tech 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1985 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1985) 1986 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1986) 1987 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1987) 1988 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1988) 1989 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1989) 1990 1991 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1991) 1992 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1992) 1993 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1993) 1994 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1994) 1995 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1995) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐hc665 Cached time: 20240719064102 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.076 seconds Real time usage: 0.112 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.058/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933630/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 105.085 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 105.085 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44716969-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719064102 and revision id 974952346. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1990" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Ariat (/wiki/Ariat) B Bulwark Protection (/wiki/Bulwark_Protection) D Dansko (/wiki/Dansko) F FUCT (clothing) (/wiki/FUCT_(clothing)) G Galvin Green (/wiki/Galvin_Green) L L.K.Bennett (/wiki/L.K.Bennett) League Collegiate Wear (/wiki/League_Collegiate_Wear) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Lucky Brand Jeans (/wiki/Lucky_Brand_Jeans) N Nokian Footwear (/wiki/Nokian_Footwear) P Pirma (/wiki/Pirma) S La Senza (/wiki/La_Senza) Starworld (/wiki/Starworld) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1990&oldid=974952346 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1990&oldid=974952346) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) Design companies established in 1990 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1990) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1990 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1990) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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Afro-textured hair types Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) , a popular African American hairstyle. 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Reparations for slavery (/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery) School segregation in the US (/wiki/School_segregation_in_the_United_States) Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers (/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States) Stereotypes (/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans) and media depictions (/wiki/Representation_of_African_Americans_in_media) Blackface (/wiki/Blackface) Criminal stereotypes (/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans) Hollywood (/wiki/African-American_representation_in_Hollywood) Magical Negro (/wiki/Magical_Negro) Minstrel show (/wiki/Minstrel_show) United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) Category (/wiki/Category:African-American_people) Index (/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans) v t e African-American hair or Black hair refers to hair types, textures, and styles that are linked to African-American culture (/wiki/African_American_culture) , often drawing inspiration from African hair culture. It plays a major role in the identity and politics of Black culture in the United States and across the diaspora (/wiki/African_diaspora) . [1] (#cite_note-Mitchell_Dove_PhD-1) African-American hair often has a kinky hairy texture, appearing tightly coiled and packed. [2] (#cite_note-2) Black hair has a complex history, culture, and cultural impact, including its relationship with racism. [1] (#cite_note-Mitchell_Dove_PhD-1) Color and texture [ edit ] Natural African American hair Color [ edit ] Black hair is the product of an inherited genetic trait. The most studied black hair gene is MC1R (/wiki/Melanocortin_1_receptor) which causes the body to produce a protein called melanocortin (/wiki/Melanocortin_1_receptor) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) This protein causes hair follicles (/wiki/Hair_follicle) to produce a type of melanin pigmentation called eumelanin (/wiki/Eumelanin) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Black hair has the highest concentration of this pigmentation with brown, blonde and red hair following behind. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In old age, hair comes to turn grey due to the inability of the hair follicle (/wiki/Hair_follicle) to produce eumelanin (/wiki/Melanin) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) This inability happens after the pigmentation cells in hair follicles die off. [4] (#cite_note-4) Texture [ edit ] Hair follicle shapes that result in different textured hair. African-American hair comes in a range of textures, but the most common hair type is curly with lots of volume. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) This curly quality is the product of the shape of the hair follicles (/wiki/Hair_follicle) . [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) More circular-shaped follicles cause hair to grow straighter, while more curly hair is caused by more elongated, oval-shaped hair follicles. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Hair follicles can also affect the thickness of hair strands. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) African hair is seen to be much thicker and more dense meaning that the hair follicles are larger. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Density represents the amount of hairs that grow from the head, with denser hair resulting from more hairs growing closer together from the scalp. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) An individual with high-density hair creates a fuller appearance of curls. A protective oil called sebum (/wiki/Sebaceous_gland) is produced from the scalp to strengthen hair follicles, which helps to keep hair from becoming dry and brittle. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) A significant amount of oils are produced but with the curly quality of the hair the oils can not be distributed from root to end easily. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) Without proper moisturizing, hair can become brittle and result in breakage. [5] (#cite_note-:3-5) History [ edit ] African origins [ edit ] Since the beginning of African civilizations, hairstyles have been used to convey messages to a greater society. Before boundaries divided Africa into states and countries through colonization, the continent was divided into kingdoms and clans. [6] (#cite_note-6) Within these kingdoms and clans, different hairstyles could "indicate a person's marital status, age, religion, ethnic identity, wealth, rank," surname, health status, geographic origin and the clan to which they belonged. [7] (#cite_note-Matshego-7) [8] (#cite_note-BET-8) A Wolof man's braided beard could indicate that he was preparing for war. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20143-9) In the Himba (/wiki/Himba_people) tribe, dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) worn down in front of a female's face was a sign that she was going through puberty, while dreadlocks tied at the back of the head were worn by women seeking marriage. [7] (#cite_note-Matshego-7) Erembe headdresses signified new mothers and married women. [7] (#cite_note-Matshego-7) In Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_people) culture, people braided their hair to send messages to the gods. [7] (#cite_note-Matshego-7) As the most elevated part of the body, hair was considered a portal for spirits to pass through to the soul. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144-10) According to a 20th-century study, the Yoruba often shaved the heads of newborns as a marker of each individual arising from the spirit world. A person's head was shaved again at death to signal the individual's return to the spirit world. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199559-11) Hair maintenance in traditional Africa was a time-consuming process that aimed at creating a sense of beauty and honoring its spiritual power. According to author Sylvia Arden Boone, [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144-10) A woman with long thick hair demonstrated the life force, the multiplying power of profusion, prosperity...a green thumb for raising bountiful farms and many healthy children. Hair was considered divine due to its position at the top of the head, and to allow someone to touch it meant you could trust them. [7] (#cite_note-Matshego-7) [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20146-12) Therefore, hair maintenance was only entrusted to relatives and hairdressers for fear of enemies bringing ill-will to the person in need of hair care. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144-10) The hair maintenance process could last anywhere from hours to days and involves “washing, combing, oiling, braiding, twisting, and/or decorating the hair.” [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20145-13) The Himba people (/wiki/Himba_people) , for example, styled dreadlocks using ground ochre, goat hair, butter and hair extensions. [7] (#cite_note-Matshego-7) Hair that was clean and neatly braided or arranged with adornments such as beads or shells was a sign of vitality, whereas unkempt and dirty hair signified affliction. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144–5-14) Black Hair during slavery and a historical view of afro-textured hair [ edit ] Slaves were often forced by Europeans to shave their heads to prevent lice contracted from the dirty inhumane quarters of slave ships but also to strip them from their culture. [15] (#cite_note-15) Due to North America's Indigenous population being decimated (/wiki/Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples#Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas_(pre-1948)) by European colonists' extreme labor conditions, insufficient diet, violence and diseases, [16] (#cite_note-16) Europeans began aiding in kidnapping then forcibly trafficking Africans to British North America (/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States) in the early 1600s. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200616-17) Before transporting them, captors and traders shaved the heads of all African adults and children taken captive. [8] (#cite_note-BET-8) [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps201410-18) The claimed purpose for this action was to prepare for the unsanitary conditions of the slave ships (/wiki/Slave_ship) . [19] (#cite_note-19) [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps201410-18) Due to the cultural and spiritual importance of hair for Africans, the practice of having their heads involuntarily shaved before being sold as enslaved people was in itself a dehumanizing act. In Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America , Byrd and Tharps write: [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144–5,_10-20) The shaved head was the first step the Europeans took to erase the slaves’ culture and alter the relationship between the African and his or her hair... [it] stripped them of a lifeline to their home and a connection to their people. Their language was taken away and they were unable to identify with others from their tribe. Once their hair began to grow back, many enslaved people did not have the time or the tools to properly maintain their hair, and it became tangled and matted as a result. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199550-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) Enslaved people worked every day of the week, lived in poor conditions and faced the risk of head lice and ringworm. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200616-17) To protect themselves from the sun, dirt, and scalp afflictions, women repurposed unwanted fabrics into hair scarves or kerchiefs (especially if they worked outdoors), while men who worked outdoors wore sun-hats with their hair cut short or completely shaved off. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200616–17-23) In describing runaway enslaved people in wanted ads (/wiki/Wanted_poster) , slaveowners proved that many enslaved people were able to style and maintain their hair after it grew back. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199550–51-24) ...some slaves wore their hair long and bushy on top and ...others cut it short, or combed and parted it neatly, or shaved it at the back or at the front, or trimmed it to a roll. An African American's hair might be closely cropped on the crown but left long elsewhere; it could be tied behind in a queue, frizzed, combed high from the forehead, plaited, curled on each side of the face, filleted, cut in the form of a circle on the crown, knotted on top of the head, or worn bushy and long below the ears. Men and women were often given similar clothing to wear and labor tasks to complete, so to achieve a more feminine appearance and differentiate themselves from the men, some women ironed their hair to make it sleek. [25] (#cite_note-:13-25) They also wrapped their hair by brushing it and binding small sections of it with a material such as thread or cotton to prevent knotting. [25] (#cite_note-:13-25) This technique, known as "wrapping" or "threading", shaped the hair into a curl pattern that women kept protected under a scarf or kerchief while working, and took down for special occasions such as church service or weddings. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199570-26) [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiceKatz-Hyman2010268-27) Plaits, braids (/wiki/Braid) and cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) were the most convenient hairstyles to keep their hair neat and maintained for a week. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200617-28) Enslaved people who worked indoors were forced to wear their hair in one of those styles or a style similar to that of their slaveowner if they did not cover their hair with a scarf, kerchief or wig (/wiki/Wig) . [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarkeWebb-HasanYoung2016284-29) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200617-28) By the early 19th century, Sunday was legally declared a day of rest and religious observation, and on Sundays, enslaved people braided each other's hair using the grease or oil they had available, such as butter or goose grease. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200617-28) They used wool carding tools to detangle their hair, kerosene, and cornmeal to cleanse the scalp. Fats, oils and eggs were used as conditioner. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200617-28) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiceKatz-Hyman2010266-30) Enslaved people in North America named cornrows for their resemblance to rows of corn in a field. [31] (#cite_note-dabiri-31) (In Central and South America and the Caribbean, enslaved people called the style "canerows" because of its resemblance to sugarcane fields. [31] (#cite_note-dabiri-31) ) Braid patterns became symbols for freedom, and different styles and patterns were used as guides to plantations, resembling roads and paths to travel or avoid. [32] (#cite_note-face2faceafrica.com-32) Racial attitudes among White people in 17th and 18th century America held a negative connotation of the afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) of enslaved Africans and African-Americans. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199545-33) They called afro-textured hair "wool" in an effort to deem it inferior to the texture of their own hair. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199556-34) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200617-28) Since the onset of the enslavement of Africans in British America, the slurs "kinky" and "nappy" were also used by White people to express disapproval of afro-textured hair. [35] (#cite_note-35) It was also mocked through caricatured stereotypes of Africans and African-Americans in the media, which motivated women especially to keep their hair covered. [36] (#cite_note-36) Although the practice of wearing head scarves was forced upon women by law (/wiki/Tignon_law) or by slaveowners, the type of head covering worn came to symbolize respectability, and could distinguish a married woman from an unmarried woman or a fieldworker from a houseworker. [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiceKatz-Hyman2010267-37) After slavery [ edit ] After slavery was abolished in the United States, negative attitudes about the appearance of Black Americans and derogatory terms for afro-textured hair persisted into the Reconstruction (/wiki/Reconstruction_era) and Jim Crow (/wiki/Jim_Crow) eras because Black people were still considered inferior to White people. [38] (#cite_note-pinkney-38) During this time, wig manufacturers were the only companies that advertised a Black standard of beauty. [39] (#cite_note-rooks-39) Afro-textured hair worn in its natural state was still considered undesirable, [40] (#cite_note-nast-40) and media promoted a Eurocentric (/wiki/Eurocentric) beauty ideal that included straight hair. [41] (#cite_note-41) In her article "Hairitage: Women Writing Race in Children's Literature", literary critic Dianne Johnson notes an early 20th-century advertisement: [42] (#cite_note-42) Once upon a time there lived a Good Fairy whose daily thoughts were of pretty little boys and girls and of beautiful women and handsome men and of how she might make beautiful those unfortunate ones whom nature had not given long, wavy hair... One of Winold Reiss (/wiki/Winold_Reiss) 's Brown Madonna (1925) most famous works, reimagines Black women as maternal and spiritual figures (/wiki/Virgin_Mary) with straight hair. [43] (#cite_note-:8-43) The image serves as the frontispiece (/wiki/Book_frontispiece) of The New Negro (/wiki/The_New_Negro) , a text written to counter negative Black stereotypes and redefine Black people during the New Negro Movement (/wiki/New_Negro_Movement) . [43] (#cite_note-:8-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) For some African Americans, the notion of assimilation (/wiki/Cultural_assimilation) in to White American society was ideal, because it held a perceived promise of better socioeconomic (/wiki/Socioeconomic) status. [47] (#cite_note-47) [38] (#cite_note-pinkney-38) One way they attempted to assimilate was by straightening their hair (/wiki/Hair_straightening#Afro-textured_hair) to fit the White American beauty ideal. [48] (#cite_note-Jahangir-48) ...hair straighteners marketed by white companies suggest to blacks that only through changing physical features will persons of African descent be afforded class mobility within black communities and social acceptance by the dominant culture. [39] (#cite_note-rooks-39) — Noliwe M. Rooks To straighten their hair, African-American women used a hair product and wide-bristled pressing or hot comb (/wiki/Hot_comb) , a metal tool that was heated in an oven or on a stove before it was passed through the hair. [49] (#cite_note-kenny-49) [50] (#cite_note-battle-walters-50) It later would be massed produced in a more simple, self-heating form [51] (#cite_note-51) It could take hours to complete the straightening process, and because of the high temperature of the hot comb, burning and damaging the hair or skin were always high-risk. [40] (#cite_note-nast-40) [49] (#cite_note-kenny-49) Because it easily absorbs moisture, afro-textured hair straightened with a hot comb can quickly return to its tightly coiled state if exposed to too much moisture, such as rain or humidity. [49] (#cite_note-kenny-49) [52] (#cite_note-52) African-American men typically wore their hair relatively short, and they avoided passing a hot comb through their hair, because it was more difficult and dangerous to do so. [53] (#cite_note-stylestatus-53) From the early to mid-20th century, conking (/wiki/Conk) was a popular style for African-American men, and required the use of a chemical treatment known as a relaxer or perm (/wiki/Relaxer) , which achieved longer-lasting straightening results. [49] (#cite_note-kenny-49) The practice of using a relaxer began during slavery, when enslaved men covered their hair in axle grease to straighten and dye it. [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherrow200617-28) Before the late 1960s, there were no publications that explained how to straighten afro-textured hair with chemicals. The earliest chemical straighteners caused severe hair breakage and dyed the hair red, [53] (#cite_note-stylestatus-53) so it was not until the mid-20th century that relaxers became a popular and longer-lasting alternative to hot combs for African-American women. Both men and women coated their hair with a strong acid that stripped the outer layer and altered the shape of the hair shaft, causing it to "relax" or straighten, [49] (#cite_note-kenny-49) and the longer the chemical was left on the hair, the straighter the hair would become. If left on the hair too long, the relaxer could burn the scalp and cause sores to form. [50] (#cite_note-battle-walters-50) Civil Rights era [ edit ] Angela Davis (right) in 1972 with her influential hairstyle Singer-songwriter and actress Jill Scott (/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)) in March 2012 The Afro (/wiki/Afro) , which hit its stride in the 1960s, was an expression of pride, connection, power, revolution and differentiation. The Afro first gained popularity with performers, artists, activists, youth and nationalists. [54] (#cite_note-autogenerated2000-54) Young people who did not adopt this trend were for the first time judged and subject to "blacker-than-thou" policing by their peers. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) African-Americans began to use their hair as a way to showcase a link to their African ancestors and Blacks throughout the diaspora. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) The Afro, in conjunction with the Civil Rights Movement, was helping to define black identity. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) Some artists used their actual hair as an expression of art. [56] (#cite_note-:9-56) In David Hammons's American Costume, he pressed his own body onto paper to create an image of what being African-American means and looks like. [56] (#cite_note-:9-56) He crafted the hair on the work by applying fingerprints to the paper. [56] (#cite_note-:9-56) Young Black Americans were ‘froing their hair in great numbers as a way to emulate the style of the Black Panthers and convey their racial pride. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) Although the Afro started in New York, it was Angela Davis (/wiki/Angela_Davis) , a college professor at UCLA (/wiki/UCLA) and an associate of the Black Panther Party, who pioneered the Afro as a political statement. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) In embracing naturalism, she glorified the Black aesthetic and facilitated its power to connect Black people to the Civil Rights Movement. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) Her Afro became especially notorious because of its presence in her "Wanted" ad, as it was her most prominent identifier. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) It became a way to celebrate African-ness and embrace heritage while politically rejecting European ideals. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) Men and women in Chicago and beyond wore it as a way to support a proud way of carrying oneself in the world and occupying space. [55] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-55) In relation to hair, the time between the 1970s and the 1990s could be described as open and experimental. "Despite occasional political flare-ups, individual choice would increasingly dictate African-American hairstyles in this era" [54] (#cite_note-autogenerated2000-54) Trendy styles like braids (/wiki/Braids) were even adopted by whites, especially after white actress Bo Derek wore them in the movie 10 . Although braids, cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) and dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) were becoming mainstream, they stirred up controversy and continue to when worn in the professional sphere. [57] (#cite_note-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) Popular culture [ edit ] Natural Hair Movement [ edit ] African-American culture has increasingly embraced natural hair through the natural hair movement (/wiki/Natural_hair_movement) . It includes people with afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) who resist the images used to represent them and abstain from the use of chemical hair products in favor of products that will promote healthy natural hair. The initial emergence of the natural hair movement occurred in the 1960s with activists such as Angela Davis (/wiki/Angela_Davis) supporting the movement. [59] (#cite_note-:02-59) In the late 1970s-1980s, the natural hair movement began to slow down due to the social pressures placed on African- Americans to assimilate to European Beauty Standards. [59] (#cite_note-:02-59) It wasn't until the 2000s that the second wave of the natural hair movement emerged. [59] (#cite_note-:02-59) The movement has since been greatly influenced by society and media, ranging from the work and appearance of textile artist Sonya Clark (/wiki/Sonya_Clark) , [60] (#cite_note-60) singer Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) , [61] (#cite_note-61) poet Maya Angelou (/wiki/Maya_Angelou) [62] (#cite_note-62) and actress Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) [63] (#cite_note-63) to an uprising of natural hair-focused YouTube channels and blogs. [64] (#cite_note-64) The movement seeks to continue to encourage African American women to embrace their natural hair despite negative stereotypes about black natural hair that arose from European beauty standards. [65] (#cite_note-65) More recently, the natural hair movement has found momentum online with various Vloggers documenting their natural hair journey to encourage other African American women and men to participate in the movement, educate the public, and create positive images of black hair in media. [66] (#cite_note-66) The movement's popularity has also encouraged corporations and government agencies to create policies that are inclusive of natural black hair. [59] (#cite_note-:02-59) The availability of products for natural black hair has been helped by the founding of Black-owned (/wiki/Black-owned_business) hair product companies such as Ruka Hair in the UK, founded by Tendai Moyo (/wiki/Tendai_Moyo) . [67] (#cite_note-67) "Good hair" [ edit ] "Good hair" is a phrase used in some Black communities to describe the perceived prestige of straight or loosely curled hair, (especially when genetically influenced by non-African ancestry) in contrast to afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) . [68] (#cite_note-:11-68) "Good hair" is also used to refer to hair that is strong, thick and soft to the touch. Although many hair stylists or beauticians would define "good hair" as "healthy hair", the phrase is rarely used in this manner in informal African-American circles. [69] (#cite_note-:10-69) Instead, it is used metaphorically to characterize beauty and acceptance. These standards vary for African-American men and women. [69] (#cite_note-:10-69) The term's circulation within the Black community in the North America has an uncertain origin. Artist India.Arie (/wiki/India.Arie) 's song " I Am Not My Hair (/wiki/I_Am_Not_My_Hair) " speaks specifically to the usage of the term "good hair" in the African-American community and in broader contexts. [70] (#cite_note-70) Comedian Chris Rock (/wiki/Chris_Rock) 's 2009 documentary Good Hair (/wiki/Good_Hair) made a wider audience aware of the importance of the term within the Black community. [68] (#cite_note-:11-68) In the documentary, Rock explores the role of hair in the lives of African-Americans. He interviews Reverend Al Sharpton (/wiki/Al_Sharpton) , who asserts, "My relaxed hair is just as African-based as an Afro because it all came out of black culture." [68] (#cite_note-:11-68) Facial hair [ edit ] Maintaining facial hair is more prevalent among African-American men than in other male populations in the U.S. [71] (#cite_note-71) In fact, the soul patch (/wiki/Soul_patch) is so named because African-American men, particularly jazz musicians, popularized the style. [72] (#cite_note-72) The preference for facial hair among African-American men is due partly to personal taste, but also because they are more prone than other ethnic groups to develop a condition known as pseudofolliculitis barbae (/wiki/Pseudofolliculitis_barbae) . The condition is commonly referred to as razor bumps, and due to the condition, many prefer not to shave. [73] (#cite_note-73) Styles [ edit ] Popular African-American Hairstyles in pop-culture include: [8] (#cite_note-BET-8) Afros (/wiki/Afro) Cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) Bantu knots (/wiki/Bantu_knots) Box braids (/wiki/Box_braids) Dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlocks) Twists (/wiki/Hair_twists) Waves (/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)) Discrimination related to black hairstyles [ edit ] In Rogers v. American Airlines (1981) (/wiki/Rogers_v._American_Airlines_(1981)) , Renee Rogers, a black female flight attendant, sued her employer American Airlines (/wiki/American_Airlines) for prohibiting her from wearing cornrows (/wiki/Cornrows) and braids (/wiki/Braids) at work. [74] (#cite_note-:4-74) The court dismissed Rogers' arguments that the ban was discriminatory based on race and sex, and ruled in favor of American Airlines. [74] (#cite_note-:4-74) The ban prohibited braids and dreadlocks (/wiki/Dreadlock) in favor of a bun style (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) , which can be a challenge to achieve with afro-textured hair (/wiki/Afro-textured_hair) that has not been straightened with heat or chemicals. [74] (#cite_note-:4-74) Since the late 20th century, many restrictions have been loosened, and professional African-American women now wear a wider variety of hairstyles. As with women, African American men have also faced hairstyle-based discrimination in the workplace. In the case of Thornton v. Encore Global , [75] (#cite_note-:5-75) Jeffery Thornton, a black man sued his former employer Encore Global denying him a job as a technical supervisor after working for the company for four years. [75] (#cite_note-:5-75) An unnamed hiring manager at Encore told Thornton that he needed to first trim his locks off his ears, eyes and shoulders to land the gig, court documents state. [75] (#cite_note-:5-75) This case was monumental because it was the first time someone has accused an employer of violating California's CROWN Act since the legislation took effect in January 2020. [76] (#cite_note-76) In 2014, the United States Army (/wiki/United_States_Army) implemented a ban on predominantly black hairstyles. [77] (#cite_note-Cooper-77) The ban includes dreadlocks, large cornrows and twists. [77] (#cite_note-Cooper-77) The rationale for this decision is that the aforementioned hairstyles look unkempt. [77] (#cite_note-Cooper-77) African-American women in the Army may be forced to choose between small cornrows and chemically processing their hair, if their natural hair is not long enough to fit a permitted hairstyle. [77] (#cite_note-Cooper-77) Discrimination in schools [ edit ] It is alleged that black students are disciplined at a significant higher rate than their counter-parts, and are allegedly disciplined because their natural hair styles are deemed not appropriate or distracting by their school's dress code. [78] (#cite_note-78) African-American students claim to be discriminated against while participating in school-sanctioned sports. In 2018, wrestler Andrew Johnson was told by his referee, Alan Mahoney, that he needed to cut his dreads or forfeit his match. [79] (#cite_note-:12-79) That same night videos and pictures began to surface online of Andrew having his dreads cut off with a pair of scissors. [79] (#cite_note-:12-79) This sparked public outrage online, with some people questioning why Johnson was able to play in matches prior to this one and not have any problems. [79] (#cite_note-:12-79) People began to question Mahoney's call during the match; some saying that the ultimatum was derived from racism. [79] (#cite_note-:12-79) In 2016, Mahoney was accused of calling his fellow referee a racial slur. [79] (#cite_note-:12-79) Since this incident Mahoney was suspended from officiating (/wiki/Officiating_Football) for two years, and the New Jersey Interscholastic Athletic Association and the states attorney general's office's civil rights division have opened investigations into the incident. [79] (#cite_note-:12-79) Crown Act [ edit ] On March 18, 2022, the United States House of Representatives (/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives) passed the CROWN (Create a Respectful and Open Workplace for Natural Hair) Act (/wiki/CROWN_Act_of_2022) , an act aiming to protect individuals from hair-based discrimination in the workplace. [80] (#cite_note-:0-80) The bill forbids race-based hair discrimination at the federal level, notably when the hair style or hair texture being discriminated against is particularly tied to a culture or race. [80] (#cite_note-:0-80) The intent is to protect workers from discrimination related to questionable African-American styles such as afros, cornrows, Bantu knots, and Dreadlocks [80] (#cite_note-:0-80) Similar acts had already been introduced and passed in several U.S. states including California (/wiki/California) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) , Colorado (/wiki/Colorado) , New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Virginia (/wiki/Virginia) , Washington (/wiki/Washington_(state)) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , and, Maryland (/wiki/Maryland) . [81] (#cite_note-81) See also [ edit ] United States portal (/wiki/Portal:United_States) Black is Beautiful (/wiki/Black_is_Beautiful) Brown Paper Bag Test (/wiki/Brown_Paper_Bag_Test) Colorism (/wiki/Colorism) Discrimination based on hair texture in the United States (/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture_in_the_United_States) High yellow (/wiki/High_yellow) Passing (racial identity) (/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)) Pencil test (/wiki/Pencil_test_(South_Africa)) Plaçage (/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age) Protective hairstyle (/wiki/Protective_hairstyle) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Mitchell Dove, Lakindra (2000-01-01). Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care (PhD). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.15760/etd.2318 (https://doi.org/10.15760%2Fetd.2318) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Loussouarn, G. (2001-12-23). "African hair growth parameters" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04350.x) . British Journal of Dermatology . 145 (2): 294–297. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04350.x (https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2133.2001.04350.x) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0007-0963 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-0963) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 11531795 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11531795) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 29264439 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29264439) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Is hair color determined by genetics?: MedlinePlus Genetics" (https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/traits/haircolor/) . medlineplus.gov . Retrieved 2022-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Why Does Hair Turn Gray? (for Kids) - Nemours KidsHealth" (https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/gray-hair.html) . kidshealth.org . Retrieved 2022-11-17 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Why do people of African descent have a unique hair texture?" (https://www.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/ask107) . The Tech Interactive . 2021-12-23 . Retrieved 2022-11-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Western Africa - The fall of the African kingdoms" (https://www.britannica.com/place/western-Africa) . Encyclopaedia Britannica . Retrieved 29 April 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Matshego, Lebo (25 January 2020). "A History Of African Women's Hairstyles" (https://africa.com/history-african-womens-hairstyles/) . Africa.com . Retrieved 2020-04-29 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "A Brief History Of Black Hair Braiding And Why Our Hair Will Never Be A Pop Culture Trend" (https://www.bet.com/article/mbpmmq/a-brief-history-of-black-hair-why-braids-aren-t-a-trend) . BET.com . Retrieved 2020-04-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20143_9-0) Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , p. 3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199559_11-0) White & White 1995 (#CITEREFWhiteWhite1995) , p. 59. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20146_12-0) Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , p. 6. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20145_13-0) Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , p. 5. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144–5_14-0) Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , pp. 4–5. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Evolution of African Hair in America from the17th c. to the 20th c." (https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/of-the-people/represent/junior-fellows/documents/CCDI-Guide-Majestie-Varnado.pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Jones, David S. (1 December 2006). "The Persistence of American Indian Health Disparities" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698152) . American Journal of Public Health . 96 (12): 2122–2134. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2105/AJPH.2004.054262 (https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2004.054262) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 1698152 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698152) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 17077399 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17077399) . ^ Jump up to: a b Sherrow 2006 (#CITEREFSherrow2006) , p. 16. ^ Jump up to: a b Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Heaton, Sarah (10 December 2020). A Cultural History of Hair in the Age of Empire . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-08792-7 . Retrieved 15 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByrdTharps20144–5,_10_20-0) Byrd & Tharps 2014 (#CITEREFByrdTharps2014) , pp. 4–5, 10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199550_21-0) White & White 1995 (#CITEREFWhiteWhite1995) , p. 50. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Rucker, Mary L. (11 July 2013). Obama's Political Saga: From Battling History, Racialized Rhetoric, and GOP Obstructionism to Re-Election . Lexington Books. p. 20. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7391-8291-8 . Retrieved 22 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherrow200616–17_23-0) Sherrow 2006 (#CITEREFSherrow2006) , p. 16–17. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199550–51_24-0) White & White 1995 (#CITEREFWhiteWhite1995) , pp. 50–51. ^ Jump up to: a b Dyson, Omari L.; Jeffries, Judson L.; Brooks, Kevin L., eds. (23 July 2020). African American Culture: An Encyclopedia of People, Traditions, and Customs [3 volumes] . ABC-CLIO. p. 854. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4408-6244-1 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199570_26-0) White & White 1995 (#CITEREFWhiteWhite1995) , p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiceKatz-Hyman2010268_27-0) Rice & Katz-Hyman 2010 (#CITEREFRiceKatz-Hyman2010) , p. 268. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Sherrow 2006 (#CITEREFSherrow2006) , p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarkeWebb-HasanYoung2016284_29-0) Larke, Webb-Hasan & Young 2016 (#CITEREFLarkeWebb-HasanYoung2016) , p. 284. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiceKatz-Hyman2010266_30-0) Rice & Katz-Hyman 2010 (#CITEREFRiceKatz-Hyman2010) , p. 266. ^ Jump up to: a b Dabiri, Emma (2 May 2019). Don't Touch My Hair . Penguin UK. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-198629-6 . Retrieved 28 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-face2faceafrica.com_32-0) "How cornrows were used as an escape map from slavery across South America" (https://face2faceafrica.com/article/how-cornrows-were-used-as-an-escape-map-from-slavery-across-south-america) . Face2Face Africa . 5 June 2018 . Retrieved 29 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199545_33-0) White & White 1995 (#CITEREFWhiteWhite1995) , p. 45. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhiteWhite199556_34-0) White & White 1995 (#CITEREFWhiteWhite1995) , p. 56. ^ (#cite_ref-35) Walker, Jack (4 August 2021). Tomorrow, It's Only a Vision: The Journey Continues . Page Publishing Inc. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-6624-4390-9 . Retrieved 20 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) World of a slave : encyclopedia of the material life of slaves in the United States . Martha B. Katz-Hyman, Kym S. Rice. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. 2011. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-34943-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 711786656 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/711786656) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiceKatz-Hyman2010267_37-0) Rice & Katz-Hyman 2010 (#CITEREFRiceKatz-Hyman2010) , p. 267. ^ Jump up to: a b Pinkney, Alphonso (1969). "The Assimilation of Afro-Americans" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41202827) . The Black Scholar . 1 (2): 36–46. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/00064246.1969.11430662 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00064246.1969.11430662) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0006-4246 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-4246) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 41202827 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41202827) . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Rooks, Noliwe M. (1996). Hair Raising: Beauty, Culture, and African American Women . Rutgers University Press. p. 26. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8135-2312-5 . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Hot Comb Is Back – But Is That A Good Thing?" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/beauty/article/hot-comb-for-textured-hair) . British Vogue . 16 March 2021 . Retrieved 26 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) King, Vanessa; Niabaly, Dieynaba (2013). "The Politics of Black Womens' [sic] Hair" (https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=jur) . Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato . 13 (4). ^ (#cite_ref-42) Johnson, Dianne (2009). "Hairitage: Women Writing Race in Children's Literature" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40783423) . Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature . 28 (2): 338. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0732-7730 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0732-7730) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 40783423 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40783423) . Retrieved 20 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hill, Lena (17 February 2014). Visualizing Blackness and the Creation of the African American Literary Tradition . Cambridge University Press. p. 99. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-107-04158-5 . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Bornstein, George (5 February 2001). Material Modernism: The Politics of the Page . Cambridge University Press. p. 150. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-521-66154-6 . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Arnold Rampersad (/wiki/Arnold_Rampersad) , introduction to The New Negro: Voices of the Harlem Renaissance , 1992 ^ (#cite_ref-46) Hutchinson, George; Hutchinson, George Evelyn (14 June 2007). The Cambridge Companion to the Harlem Renaissance . Cambridge University Press. p. 29. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-521-67368-6 . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) Mbembe, Achille (2 March 2017). Critique of Black Reason . Duke University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8223-7323-0 . Retrieved 29 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jahangir_48-0) Jahangir, Rumeana (31 May 2015). "How does black hair reflect black history?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-31438273) . BBC News . Retrieved 20 October 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kenny, Erin; Nichols, Elizabeth Gackstetter (22 June 2017). Beauty around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 147. 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(http://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/how-natural-is-too-natural/?_php=true&_type=blogs&action=click&module=Search®ion=searchResults&mabReward=relbias%3Ar&url=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fsearch%2Fsitesearch%2F%23%2FNatural%2Bhair%2F&_r=0) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2014-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-64) Meyerson, Collier. "The YouTubers Who Changed the Landscape for #NaturalHair" (https://www.wired.com/story/youtube-natural-hair/) . Retrieved 14 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-65) Ellis-Hervey, Nina; Doss, Ashley; Davis, DeShae; Nicks, Robert; Araiza, Perla (2016-07-27). "African American Personal Presentation" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934716653350) . Journal of Black Studies . 47 (8): 869–882. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/0021934716653350 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021934716653350) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0021-9347 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9347) . 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"I Am Not My Hair" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121109063610/http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/india-arie-ft-akon-i-am-not-my-hair/0F21D17148D78B5937A70F21D17148D78B5937A7) . Archived from the original (https://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/india-arie-ft-akon-i-am-not-my-hair/0F21D17148D78B5937A70F21D17148D78B5937A7) on 9 November 2012 . Retrieved 27 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Lacy, D. Aaron. The Most Endangered Title VII Plaintiff?: African-American Males and Intersectional Claims (http://works.bepress.com/context/d_aaron_lacy/article/1000/type/native/viewcontent/) ." Nebraska Law Review , Vol. 86, No. 3, 2008, pp. 14–15. Retrieved 11-08-2007. ^ (#cite_ref-72) Green, Penelope. "Ranting; Stubble trouble (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/19/magazine/ranting-stubble-trouble.html) ", The New York Times , November 8, 2007. Retrieved 11-08-2007. ^ (#cite_ref-73) Lacy, op. cit. ^ Jump up to: a b c Henson, Renee. "Library Guides: Title VII's Application of Grooming Policies and Its Effect on Black Women's Hair in the Workplace: (http://libraryguides.missouri.edu/c.php?g=593919&p=4124519) Rogers v. Am. Airlines, Inc. , 527 F. Supp. 229 (S.D.N.Y. 1981)" (http://libraryguides.missouri.edu/c.php?g=593919&p=4124519) . libraryguides.missouri.edu . Retrieved 2018-01-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Black Man Lost Job Offer After Refusing to Cut His Locs, Lawsuit Says" (https://www.vice.com/en/article/4awxwg/black-man-suing-company-over-cutting-locs-crown-act-california) . www.vice.com . 7 December 2021 . Retrieved 2022-11-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-76) "CROWN Act (California)" (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CROWN_Act_(California)&oldid=1119564909) , Wikipedia , 2022-11-02 , retrieved 2022-11-11 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Cooper, Helene (21 April 2014). "Army's Ban on Some Popular Hairstyles Raises Ire of Black Female Soldiers" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/21/us/politics/armys-ban-on-some-popular-hairstyles-raises-ire-of-black-female-soldiers.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2014-05-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) Bourgeois, Howard Henderson and Jennifer Wyatt (2021-02-23). "Penalizing Black hair in the name of academic success is undeniably racist, unfounded, and against the law" (https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-rise/2021/02/23/penalizing-black-hair-in-the-name-of-academic-success-is-undeniably-racist-unfounded-and-against-the-law/) . Brookings . Retrieved 2022-05-11 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Stubbs, Roman (April 17, 2019). "A wrestler was forced to cut his dreadlocks before a match. His town is still looking for answers" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2019/04/17/wrestler-was-forced-cut-his-dreadlocks-before-match-his-town-is-still-looking-answers/) . The Washington Post . ^ Jump up to: a b c Watson Coleman, Bonnie (2022-03-21). "Text - H.R.2116 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair Act of 2022" (https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2116/text) . www.congress.gov . Retrieved 2022-04-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-81) "U.S. Congress passes CROWN Act" (http://robinkelly.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/us-congress-passes-crown-act) . Congresswoman Robin Kelly . 2020-09-29 . Retrieved 2022-04-11 . General and cited sources [ edit ] Battle-Waters, Kimberly (2004). Sheila's Shop: Working-Class African American Women Talk about Life, Love, Race, and Hair (/w/index.php?title=Sheila%27s_Shop:_Working-Class_African_American_Women_Talk_about_Life,_Love,_Race,_and_Hair&action=edit&redlink=1) . Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Byrd, Ayana; Tharps, Lori (28 January 2014). Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America . Macmillan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-250-04657-4 . Retrieved 14 October 2021 . Larke, Patricia J.; Webb-Hasan, Gwendolyn; Young, Jemimah L. (1 December 2016). Cultivating Achievement, Respect, and Empowerment (CARE) for African American Girls in PreK?12 Settings: Implications for Access, Equity and Achievement . IAP. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-68123-508-0 . Retrieved 22 October 2021 . Muse, Michael (21 October 2009). "Fracturing Our Hair Part 1: Dear God, Please Give Me Good Hair. Amen" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110716224502/http://media.www.thecaupanther.com/media/storage/paper292/news/2009/10/21/StudentLife/Fracturing.Our.Hair.Part.1.Dear.God.Please.Give.Me.Good.Hair.Amen-3811520.shtml) . The Panther . Archived from the original (http://media.www.thecaupanther.com/media/storage/paper292/news/2009/10/21/StudentLife/Fracturing.Our.Hair.Part.1.Dear.God.Please.Give.Me.Good.Hair.Amen-3811520.shtml) on July 16, 2011 . Retrieved 27 June 2011 . Page, Philip (1996). Dangerous Freedom: Fusion and Fragmentation in Toni Morrison's Novels . Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi. Rice, Kym S.; Katz-Hyman, Martha B. (13 December 2010). World of a Slave: Encyclopedia of the Material Life of Slaves in the United States [2 volumes]: Encyclopedia of the Material Life of Slaves in the United States . ABC-CLIO. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-34943-0 . Retrieved 22 October 2021 . Sherrow, Victoria (2006). Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-33145-9 . Retrieved 22 October 2021 . Smedley, Audrey (2007). Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780813343570 . Retrieved 27 June 2011 . Spencer, Kehinde (songwriter) (2009). "A Woman's Reprieve" . White, Shane; White, Graham (February 1995). "Slave Hair and African American Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2211360) . The Journal of Southern History . 61 (1): 45–76. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2211360 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2211360) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2211360 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2211360) . Retrieved 18 October 2021 . v t e African Americans (/wiki/African_Americans) History (/wiki/African-American_history) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history) Abolitionism (/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States) African American founding fathers (/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States) Afrocentrism (/wiki/Afrocentrism) American Civil War (/wiki/American_Civil_War) Atlantic slave trade (/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade) Black genocide (/wiki/Black_genocide) Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) Brown v. 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The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Désirée zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e+zu+Hohenlohe-Langenburg%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e+zu+Hohenlohe-Langenburg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e+zu+Hohenlohe-Langenburg%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e+zu+Hohenlohe-Langenburg%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e+zu+Hohenlohe-Langenburg%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e+zu+Hohenlohe-Langenburg%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Désirée zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (born 1980), Countess d'Ursel (/wiki/Ursel_family) , also known as Désirée von Hohenlohe (/wiki/House_of_Hohenlohe) , is a children's clothes designer. Early life and family [ edit ] Désirée von Hohenlohe-Langenburg (/wiki/Hohenlohe-Langenburg) is the daughter of Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (/wiki/Prince_Alfonso_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg) and the model Heidi Balzer. [1] (#cite_note-1) On 22 September 2012 in Ronda (/wiki/Ronda) , she married Count Thibault d'Ursel (/wiki/Ursel_family) . [2] (#cite_note-2) They reside in Linterpoorten Castle (/wiki/File:Backershagen.jpg) in Zemst (/wiki/Zemst) , Belgium. [3] (#cite_note-3) Biography [ edit ] Désirée von Hohenlohe founded Les Petites Abeilles in 2013, and aimed to reintroduce more traditional designs in childrenswear. In April 2014, Prince George of Cambridge (/wiki/Prince_George_of_Wales) wore a smocked sailboat romper from Les Petites Abeilles (http://lespetitesabeilles.com) during a royal visit to Australia and New Zealand. This created an instant buzz that Désirée von Hohenlohe and her husband were not prepared for, as they had no sales distribution and only a Facebook page to communicate. In March 2017, Les Petites Abeilles partnered with Yoox (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) to launch a line of childrenswear. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Prince Alfonso Hohenlohe" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1450150/Prince-Alfonso-Hohenlohe.html) . Telegraph.co.uk . 24 December 2003 . Retrieved 4 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Hohenlohe" (http://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2012/09/21/hohenlohe-wedding-in-ronda/) . Theolivepress.es. 21 September 2012 . Retrieved 5 July 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "FOTO. Baron ruimt plaats voor Graaf d'Ursel (Zemst) - Het Nieuwsblad" (http://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/blpva_02140518) . Nieuwsblad.be. 2016-02-21 . Retrieved 2017-06-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Princess Désirée von Hohenlohe on Her Yoox Childrenswear Collaboration" (http://www.vogue.com/article/childrens-wear-prince-george-les-petites-abeilles) . Vogue. 2017-03-28 . Retrieved 2017-06-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Prinses Desirée stelt haar kledinglijn voor" (https://www.vier.be/video/de-blauwe-gids/prinses-desiree-stelt-haar-kledinglijn-voor) . www.vier.be (in Dutch) . Retrieved 2017-08-29 . This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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TV series or program The Collection Genre Period drama (/wiki/Period_drama) Created by Oliver Goldstick (/wiki/Oliver_Goldstick) Directed by Dearbhla Walsh (/wiki/Dearbhla_Walsh) [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Dan Zeff (/wiki/Dan_Zeff) [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Starring Richard Coyle (/wiki/Richard_Coyle) Tom Riley (/wiki/Tom_Riley_(actor)) Mamie Gummer (/wiki/Mamie_Gummer) Frances de la Tour (/wiki/Frances_de_la_Tour) Composer Dominik Scherrer (/wiki/Dominik_Scherrer) Country of origin United Kingdom France Original language English Production Executive producers Anne Thomopoulos (/wiki/Anne_Thomopoulos) [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) Kate Croft [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) Pascal Breton (/wiki/Pascal_Breton) [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) Simon Vaughan [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) Médéric Albouy for France Télévisions (/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions) [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Tomas de Matteis for MFP [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Producer Selwyn Roberts [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Running time 52-60 minutes Production companies Lookout Point [3] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_2015-11-30-3) Artis Pictures Production [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Federation Entertainment [3] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_2015-11-30-3) [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Amazon Studios (/wiki/Amazon_Studios) France Télévisions (/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions) [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) MFP [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Original release Network Amazon Video (/wiki/Amazon_Video) Release September 2 ( 2016-09-02 ) – October 21, 2016 ( 2016-10-21 ) The Collection is a television period drama series, focusing on the Paris fashion scene after World War II. It is a co-production Amazon Studios (/wiki/Amazon_Studios) , BBC Worldwide (/wiki/BBC_Worldwide) 's [4] (#cite_note-Deadline_2015-11-30-4) Lookout Point, [3] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_2015-11-30-3) Federation Entertainment [3] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_2015-11-30-3) and France Télévisions (/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions) , [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) It premiered on 2 September 2016. [5] (#cite_note-5) Plot [ edit ] The series focuses on brothers Paul and Claude Sabine at their family's Paris fashion house. Around them, the city is emerging from the Occupation (/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II) of World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) The charming and outgoing Paul has the business savvy of the two brothers. Claude is the artistic talent, but also introverted, misanthropic (/wiki/Misanthropic) and homosexual (/wiki/Homosexual) . Paul seeks to stake a claim in the top tiers of the Paris fashion scene (/wiki/French_fashion) as the city poises itself to reclaim the title of fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) of the world. He encounters obstacles in the forms of his past, his conniving mother's actions and the competitive environment of the industry. Paul's American wife, Helen, comes from a wealthy family whose money helped the Sabine fashion house survive during austere (/wiki/Austerity) times. Throughout the first season, she and Paul face marital problems due to his many secrets. Claude, meanwhile, grapples with the emotional trauma of a vicious attack and robbery by a lover who then suddenly disappeared. He also longs for more recognition of his artistic contributions to the Sabine house, but his efforts are often thwarted by his dominating family and his own anti-social behavior (/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour) . The series also follows Billy Novak, a young American photographer who is hired by the Sabine family. He is inspired by and falls in love with a seamstress-turned-model named Nina. She, however, is more concerned with finding the illegitimate son she was recently forced to give up for adoption. The series includes the lives and relationships of other employees in the fashion house. It also addresses the atmosphere of uneasiness and paranoia that arose in the Cold War (/wiki/Cold_War) era, as well as the hunt for former Nazi (/wiki/Nazi_Germany) collaborators. Cast [ edit ] Richard Coyle (/wiki/Richard_Coyle) as Paul Sabine [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Tom Riley (/wiki/Tom_Riley_(actor)) as Claude Sabine [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Mamie Gummer (/wiki/Mamie_Gummer) as Helen Sabine [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Frances de la Tour (/wiki/Frances_de_la_Tour) as Yvette [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Jenna Thiam (/wiki/Jenna_Thiam) as Nina [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) Max Deacon as Billy Novak Alix Poisson (/w/index.php?title=Alix_Poisson&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alix_Poisson) ] as Charlotte Alexandre Brasseur (/wiki/Alexandre_Brasseur) as Victor Irène Jacob (/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Jacob) as Marianne Poppy Corby-Tuech (/wiki/Poppy_Corby-Tuech) as Dominique Bethan Mary James as Juliette Sarah Parish (/wiki/Sarah_Parish) as Marjorie Stutter James Cosmo (/wiki/James_Cosmo) as Jules Trouvier Michael Kitchen (/wiki/Michael_Kitchen) as Lemaire Allan Corduner (/wiki/Allan_Corduner) as Bompard Stanley Townsend (/wiki/Stanley_Townsend) as Stanley Rossi Michelle Gomez (/wiki/Michelle_Gomez) as Eliette Jacob Fortune-Lloyd (/wiki/Jacob_Fortune-Lloyd) as Cesar Production [ edit ] The eight-part series [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) was filmed in Wales, France [3] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_2015-11-30-3) and Pinewood Studios (/wiki/Pinewood_Studios) [1] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-01-31-1) in the first half of 2016 [3] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter_2015-11-30-3) and marked the first time a continental-European public national broadcaster has collaborated with a major subscription video on demand (/wiki/Video_on_demand) platform, a global distributor and a British production company, on an English-language drama. [2] (#cite_note-Deadline_2016-02-16-2) The creator, Oliver Goldstick (/wiki/Oliver_Goldstick) , was previously an executive producer of the fashion drama series Ugly Betty (/wiki/Ugly_Betty) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Episodes [ edit ] No. Title Directed by Written by Original air date 1 "The Deal" Dearbhla Walsh Oliver Goldstick TBA 2 "The Dress" Dearbhla Walsh TBA TBA 3 "The Scent" Dearbhla Walsh Maya Goldsmith TBA 4 "The Launch" Dearbhla Walsh TBA TBA 5 "The Afterglow" Dan Zeff TBA TBA 6 "The Weekend" Dan Zeff TBA TBA 7 "The Betrayal" Dan Zeff TBA TBA 8 "The Offer" Dan Zeff TBA TBA Broadcast [ edit ] In Australia, the series premiered on BBC First (/wiki/BBC_First_(Australia)) on 14 March 2017. [7] (#cite_note-FoxMar13-7) In South Korea, KBS (/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System) 1TV (/wiki/KBS1) started to air it on 30 June 2017. [8] (#cite_note-8) In Russia, the series premiered on Channel One Russia (/wiki/Channel_One_Russia) on 17 July 2017. [9] (#cite_note-9) In the United States, it began airing under the PBS (/wiki/PBS) Masterpiece umbrella on 8 October 2017. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Nancy Tartaglione (31 January 2016). "Amazon's (https://deadline.com/2016/01/ricard-coyle-tom-riley-mamie-gummer-cast-the-collection-amazon-drama-oliver-goldstick-1201693879/) The Collection sets cast for post-War Paris fashion drama" (https://deadline.com/2016/01/ricard-coyle-tom-riley-mamie-gummer-cast-the-collection-amazon-drama-oliver-goldstick-1201693879/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved 30 August 2016 . ^ a b c d e f g h Nancy Tartaglione (16 February 2016). "France Télévisions boards (https://deadline.com/2016/02/france-televisions-co-produce-the-collection-amazon-bbc-1201703215/) The Collection fashion drama; joins Amazon, BBC" (https://deadline.com/2016/02/france-televisions-co-produce-the-collection-amazon-bbc-1201703215/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved 30 August 2016 . ^ a b c d e f Alex Ritman (30 November 2015). "Amazon orders first U.K. original drama (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amazon-orders-first-uk-original-844151) The Collection from (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amazon-orders-first-uk-original-844151) Ugly Betty producer" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amazon-orders-first-uk-original-844151) . Retrieved 30 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Deadline_2015-11-30_4-0) Ali Jaafar (30 November 2015). "Amazon greenlights Oliver Goldstick's (https://deadline.com/2015/11/amazon-commissions-its-first-original-uk-drama-the-collection-netflix-the-crown-top-gear-jeremy-clarkson-prime-1201646597/) The Collection , its first original UK drama" (https://deadline.com/2015/11/amazon-commissions-its-first-original-uk-drama-the-collection-netflix-the-crown-top-gear-jeremy-clarkson-prime-1201646597/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved 30 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bernd Krannich (19 July 2016). " (http://www.wunschliste.de/tvnews/m/the-collection-britische-amazon-serie-startet-im-september) The Collection : Britische Amazon-Serie startet im September" (http://www.wunschliste.de/tvnews/m/the-collection-britische-amazon-serie-startet-im-september) . TV Wunschliste (in German) . Retrieved 30 August 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Raeside, Julia (16 September 2016). "The Collection: Amazon's haute couture drama has a whole wardrobe full of Nazi skeletons" (https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/sep/16/after-the-nazis-the-clothes-why-the-collection-is-more-than-just-eye-candy) . The Guardian . Retrieved 28 November 2017 – via www.theguardian.com. ^ (#cite_ref-FoxMar13_7-0) Purcell, Charles (9 March 2017). "New This Week (March 13): Top Gear, The Collectors, Kardashians, India v Australia and live sport" (http://community.foxtel.com.au/t5/Foxtel-Blog/New-This-Week-March-13-Top-Gear-The-Collectors-Kardashians-India/ba-p/183737) . The Green Room . Foxtel. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170310054954/http://community.foxtel.com.au/t5/Foxtel-Blog/New-This-Week-March-13-Top-Gear-The-Collectors-Kardashians-India/ba-p/183737) from the original on 10 March 2017 . Retrieved 10 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) 해외걸작드라마 컬렉션 (The Collection) (http://www.kbs.co.kr/drama/thecollection/about/program/index.html) . KBS (/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) " (http://www.1tv.ru/movies/statyi/kollekciya-kto-est-kto-v-seriale) "Коллекция": кто есть кто в сериале. Фильмы и Сериалы. Первый канал" (http://www.1tv.ru/movies/statyi/kollekciya-kto-est-kto-v-seriale) . 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American costume designer "Ruth Carter" redirects here. For the evangelist, see Ruth Carter Stapleton (/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stapleton) . For the arts patron, see Ruth Carter Stevenson (/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stevenson) . Ruth E. Carter Carter in March 2018 Born ( 1960-04-10 ) April 10, 1960 (age 64) Springfield, Massachusetts (/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts) , U.S. Alma mater Hampton University (/wiki/Hampton_University) ( BA (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts) ) [1] (#cite_note-HamptonNews-1) Occupation Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Years active 1982–present Ruth E. Carter (born April 10, 1960) is an American costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) for film and television. [2] (#cite_note-Lenny-RadicalFashion-2016-2) She is best known for her collaborations with Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) , John Singleton (/wiki/John_Singleton) , and Ryan Coogler (/wiki/Ryan_Coogler) . During her film career, Carter has been nominated four times for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) , for her work on Lee's biographical film Malcolm X (/wiki/Malcolm_X_(1992_film)) (1992), Steven Spielberg (/wiki/Steven_Spielberg) 's historical drama film Amistad (/wiki/Amistad_(film)) (1997), and winning twice for Coogler's Marvel superhero films Black Panther (/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)) (2018) and Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever) (2022). [3] (#cite_note-3) She was the first African-American to win and be nominated for Best Costume Design and the first Black woman to win multiple Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) in any category. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-WakandaForeverOscarWin-5) Her other film credits include Do the Right Thing (/wiki/Do_the_Right_Thing) (1989), What's Love Got to Do with It (/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)) (1993), Love & Basketball (/wiki/Love_%26_Basketball) (2000), Serenity (/wiki/Serenity_(2005_film)) (2005), The Butler (/wiki/The_Butler) (2013), Selma (/wiki/Selma_(film)) (2014), Marshall (/wiki/Marshall_(film)) (2017), Dolemite Is My Name (/wiki/Dolemite_Is_My_Name) (2019), and Coming 2 America (/wiki/Coming_2_America) (2021). Early life and education [ edit ] Carter was born on April 10, 1960, in Springfield (/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts) , Massachusetts (/wiki/Massachusetts) , in a single-parent household. Her mother is Mabel Carter, [6] (#cite_note-WakandaForever-6) and she was the youngest of eight children. At nine years old, she began attending the Boys & Girls Club (/wiki/Boys_%26_Girls_Clubs_of_America) . Using her mother's sewing machine, Carter learned from the organization how to read and design simplicity patterns. [7] (#cite_note-7) She graduated in 1978 from Technical High School, Springfield, Ma. In 1982, Carter graduated from Hampton Institute (/wiki/Hampton_University) , later renamed Hampton University (/wiki/Hampton_University) , with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Theatre Arts. [1] (#cite_note-HamptonNews-1) Career [ edit ] After graduating, Carter returned to her hometown, working as an intern for City Stage's costume department and then the Santa Fe Opera (/wiki/Santa_Fe_Opera) . In 1986, she moved to Los Angeles to work at the city's Theater Center. [8] (#cite_note-8) While working there, Carter met director Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) , who hired her for his second film, School Daze (/wiki/School_Daze) (1988). She continued working on his subsequent films, including Do the Right Thing (/wiki/Do_the_Right_Thing) (1989), Mo' Better Blues (/wiki/Mo%27_Better_Blues) (1990), Jungle Fever (/wiki/Jungle_Fever) (1991), and Malcolm X (/wiki/Malcolm_X_(1992_film)) (1992). [9] (#cite_note-Landis-9) [10] (#cite_note-Kirkham-10) Aside from her work with Spike Lee, Carter also designed costumes for Steven Spielberg (/wiki/Steven_Spielberg) 's Amistad (/wiki/Amistad_(film)) (1997) and several of John Singleton (/wiki/John_Singleton) 's films, such as Rosewood (/wiki/Rosewood_(film)) (1997) and Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(film)) (2001). [2] (#cite_note-Lenny-RadicalFashion-2016-2) She further designed costumes for the American television drama series Being Mary Jane (/wiki/Being_Mary_Jane) on BET Networks (/wiki/BET_Networks) , created by Mara Brock Akil (/wiki/Mara_Brock_Akil) and starring Gabrielle Union (/wiki/Gabrielle_Union) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Carter worked on the superhero film Black Panther (/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)) (2018), directed by Ryan Coogler (/wiki/Ryan_Coogler) . Deriving from Afrofuturism (/wiki/Afrofuturism) , her costumes were inspired by many traditional African garments, including those of the Maasai (/wiki/Maasai_people) and Ndebele (/wiki/Ndebele_people_(South_Africa)) people. [12] (#cite_note-12) She traveled to southern Africa to draw aesthetic inspirations and received permission to incorporate traditional Lesotho (/wiki/Lesotho) designs into the film's costumes. [13] (#cite_note-13) At the 91st Academy Awards (/wiki/91st_Academy_Awards) , she won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, making her the first Black woman to win the Academy Award in the category. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2021, Carter received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame) in the film category. [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2023, Carter won her second Academy Award for Best Costume Design for Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever) (2022). [5] (#cite_note-WakandaForeverOscarWin-5) During her acceptance speech, Carter dedicated her win to her mother, who had died during the prior week at the age of 101. [6] (#cite_note-WakandaForever-6) Also in 2023, the North Carolina Museum of Art (/wiki/North_Carolina_Museum_of_Art) hosted an exhibit displaying more than sixty of Carter's original garments. [16] (#cite_note-16) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Year Title Director 1988 School Daze (/wiki/School_Daze) Spike Lee (/wiki/Spike_Lee) I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Git_You_Sucka) Keenen Ivory Wayans (/wiki/Keenen_Ivory_Wayans) 1989 Do the Right Thing (/wiki/Do_the_Right_Thing) Spike Lee 1990 Mo' Better Blues (/wiki/Mo%27_Better_Blues) 1991 House Party 2 (/wiki/House_Party_2) Doug McHenry (/wiki/Doug_McHenry) George Jackson (/wiki/George_Jackson_(producer)) Jungle Fever (/wiki/Jungle_Fever) Spike Lee The Five Heartbeats (/wiki/The_Five_Heartbeats) Robert Townsend (/wiki/Robert_Townsend_(actor)) 1992 Malcolm X (/wiki/Malcolm_X_(1992_film)) Spike Lee 1993 The Meteor Man (/wiki/The_Meteor_Man_(film)) Robert Townsend (/wiki/Robert_Townsend_(actor)) 1993 What's Love Got to Do with It (/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)) Brian Gibson (/wiki/Brian_Gibson_(director)) 1994 Cobb (/wiki/Cobb_(film)) Ron Shelton (/wiki/Ron_Shelton) Crooklyn (/wiki/Crooklyn) Spike Lee Surviving the Game (/wiki/Surviving_the_Game) Ernest R. Dickerson (/wiki/Ernest_R._Dickerson) 1995 Money Train (/wiki/Money_Train) Joseph Ruben (/wiki/Joseph_Ruben) Clockers (/wiki/Clockers_(film)) Spike Lee 1996 The Great White Hype (/wiki/The_Great_White_Hype) Reginald Hudlin (/wiki/Reginald_Hudlin) 1997 B*A*P*S (/wiki/B*A*P*S) Robert Townsend Rosewood (/wiki/Rosewood_(film)) John Singleton (/wiki/John_Singleton) Amistad (/wiki/Amistad_(film)) Steven Spielberg (/wiki/Steven_Spielberg) 1999 Summer of Sam (/wiki/Summer_of_Sam) Spike Lee 2000 Price of Glory (/wiki/Price_of_Glory) Carlos Ávila Love & Basketball (/wiki/Love_%26_Basketball) Gina Prince-Bythewood (/wiki/Gina_Prince-Bythewood) Shaft (/wiki/Shaft_(2000_film)) John Singleton Bamboozled (/wiki/Bamboozled) Spike Lee 2001 Baby Boy (/wiki/Baby_Boy_(film)) John Singleton Dr. Dolittle 2 (/wiki/Dr._Dolittle_2) Steve Carr (/wiki/Steve_Carr) 2002 I Spy (/wiki/I_Spy_(2002_film)) Betty Thomas (/wiki/Betty_Thomas) 2003 Daddy Day Care (/wiki/Daddy_Day_Care) Steve Carr 2004 Against the Ropes (/wiki/Against_the_Ropes) Charles S. Dutton (/wiki/Charles_S._Dutton) 2005 Serenity (/wiki/Serenity_(2005_film)) Joss Whedon (/wiki/Joss_Whedon) Four Brothers (/wiki/Four_Brothers_(film)) John Singleton 2009 Spread (/wiki/Spread_(film)) David Mackenzie (/wiki/David_Mackenzie_(director)) Black Dynamite (/wiki/Black_Dynamite) Scott Sanders (/wiki/Scott_Sanders_(director)) 2013 Teen Beach Movie (/wiki/Teen_Beach_Movie) Jeffrey Hornaday (/wiki/Jeffrey_Hornaday) Oldboy (/wiki/Oldboy_(2013_film)) Spike Lee The Butler (/wiki/The_Butler_(2013_film)) Lee Daniels (/wiki/Lee_Daniels) 2014 The Best of Me (/wiki/The_Best_of_Me_(2014_film)) Michael Hoffman (/wiki/Michael_Hoffman_(director)) Selma (/wiki/Selma_(film)) Ava DuVernay (/wiki/Ava_DuVernay) Da Sweet Blood of Jesus (/wiki/Da_Sweet_Blood_of_Jesus) Spike Lee 2015 Chi-Raq (/wiki/Chi-Raq) 2016 Keeping Up with the Joneses (/wiki/Keeping_Up_with_the_Joneses_(film)) Greg Mottola (/wiki/Greg_Mottola) 2017 Kidnap (/wiki/Kidnap_(2017_film)) Luis Prieto (/wiki/Luis_Prieto_(director)) Marshall (/wiki/Marshall_(film)) Reginald Hudlin 2018 Black Panther (/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)) Ryan Coogler (/wiki/Ryan_Coogler) 2019 Above Suspicion (/wiki/Above_Suspicion_(2019_film)) Phillip Noyce (/wiki/Phillip_Noyce) Dolemite Is My Name (/wiki/Dolemite_Is_My_Name) Craig Brewer (/wiki/Craig_Brewer) 2021 Coming 2 America (/wiki/Coming_2_America) 2022 Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever) Ryan Coogler 2025 Blade (/wiki/Blade_(2025_film)) Yann Demange (/wiki/Yann_Demange) Television [ edit ] Being Mary Jane (/wiki/Being_Mary_Jane) (2013–2019) Roots (/wiki/Roots_(2016_miniseries)) (2016) [17] (#cite_note-17) Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Award Category Nominated work Result Ref. 1992 Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Malcolm X (/wiki/Malcolm_X_(1992_film)) Nominated [18] (#cite_note-18) 1997 Amistad (/wiki/Amistad_(film)) Nominated 2018 Black Panther (/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)) Won 2022 Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (/wiki/Black_Panther:_Wakanda_Forever) Won 2015 Costume Designers Guild Awards (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) Excellence in Period Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Period_Film) Selma (/wiki/Selma_(film)) Nominated 2018 Excellence in Fantasy Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Fantasy_Film) Black Panther Won 2019 Excellence in Period Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Period_Film) Dolemite Is My Name (/wiki/Dolemite_Is_My_Name) Nominated 2021 Excellence in Contemporary Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film) Coming 2 America (/wiki/Coming_2_America) Won 2016 Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards) Outstanding Period Costumes for a Limited Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Period_Costumes) Roots (/wiki/Roots_(2016_miniseries)) Nominated 2018 Black Reel Awards (/wiki/Black_Reel_Awards) Outstanding Costume Design (/wiki/Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Costume_Design) Black Panther Won 2019 Dolemite Is My Name (/wiki/Dolemite_Is_My_Name) Won 2021 Coming 2 America (/wiki/Coming_2_America) Nominated 2022 Black Panther: Wakanda Forever Won 2018 Critics' Choice Movie Awards (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Black Panther Won 2019 Dolemite is My Name Won 2022 Black Panther: Wakanda Forever Won 2002: American Black Film Festival (/wiki/American_Black_Film_Festival) , Career Achievement Award [19] (#cite_note-google2002-19) 2015: Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) , 2015 Black Women in Hollywood Award at the 8th Annual Black Women in Hollywood Luncheon [20] (#cite_note-20) [19] (#cite_note-google2002-19) 2019: Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) , Career Achievement Award 2019: Suffolk University (/wiki/Suffolk_University) , Honorary Degree - Doctor of Humane Letters 2020: SDFCS Awards (/wiki/San_Diego_Film_Critics_Society) , Best Costume Design, Dolemite Is My Name 2020: Satellite Awards (/wiki/Satellite_Awards) , Best Costume Design (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) , Dolemite Is My Name 2023: FashFilmFete (/wiki/FashFilmFete) , Costume Design Career Achievement Award in Film [21] (#cite_note-21) Bibliography [ edit ] The Art of Ruth E. Carter . Chronicle Books. 2023. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1797203065 . [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Hampton University Alumna, Ruth E. Carter, to Receive Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame Feb. 25" (http://news.hamptonu.edu/release/Hampton-University-Alumna,-Ruth-E%5E-Carter,-to-Receive-Star-on-the-Hollywood-Walk-of-Fame-Feb%5E-25) . Hampton University. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224161004/http://news.hamptonu.edu/release/Hampton-University-Alumna%2C-Ruth-E%5E-Carter%2C-to-Receive-Star-on-the-Hollywood-Walk-of-Fame-Feb%5E-25) from the original on February 24, 2021 . Retrieved March 13, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b James, Kendra (November 23, 2016). "Radical Fashion: An interview with the costume designer Ruth Carter" (http://www.lennyletter.com/culture/a624/radical-fashion/) . Lenny Letter (/wiki/Lenny_Letter) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161206032025/http://www.lennyletter.com/culture/a624/radical-fashion/) from the original on December 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bradley, Laura (February 16, 2018). "The Secrets Behind Black Panther's Spellbinding Fashion" (https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/black-panther-costumes-designer-ruth-carter-interview) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191215062817/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/02/black-panther-costumes-designer-ruth-carter-interview) from the original on December 15, 2019 . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Coggan, Devan (February 24, 2019). "Ruth E. Carter makes Oscar history as first black woman to win Best Costume Design" (https://ew.com/oscars/2019/02/24/ruth-e-carter-best-costume-design-oscars/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 25, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b Tangcay, Jazz (March 12, 2023). "Ruth E. Carter Becomes First Black Woman to Win Two Oscars" (https://variety.com/2023/artisans/news/ruth-carter-oscars-record-black-woman-winners-1235545868/) . Variety . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230313013849/https://variety.com/2023/artisans/news/ruth-carter-oscars-record-black-woman-winners-1235545868/) from the original on March 13, 2023 . Retrieved March 14, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b Landrum Jr., Jonathan (March 13, 2023). "Ruth E. Carter becomes 1st Black woman to win 2 Oscars" (https://www.kktv.com/2023/03/13/ruth-e-carter-becomes-1st-black-woman-win-2-oscars/) . KKTV. Associated Press . Retrieved March 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Herman, Vallie (June 2015). "Spotlight On: Costume Designer Ruth E. Carter" (https://costumedesignersguild.com/articles-videos/articles-archive/spotlight-on-ruth-carter/) . Costume Designers Guild. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150921045249/http://costumedesignersguild.com/articles-videos/articles-archive/spotlight-on-ruth-carter/) from the original on September 21, 2015 . Retrieved March 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Platanitis, Sarah (February 22, 2015). "Hollywood costume designer Ruth Carter talks about her roots in Springfield and Oscar nods" (http://www.masslive.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/02/costume_designer_ruth_carter_t.html) . The Republican (/wiki/The_Republican_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191220160040/https://www.masslive.com/entertainment/2015/02/costume_designer_ruth_carter_t.html) from the original on December 20, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-Landis_9-0) Landis, Deborah Nadoolman (2003). "Ruth Carter". Costume Design . Focal Press (/wiki/Focal_Press) . pp. 37–45. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-240-80590-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kirkham_10-0) Kirkham, Pat (2002). " 'Three Strikes Against Me': African American Costume Designers". Women Designers in the USA, 1900–2000: Diversity and Difference . Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . pp. 142–143. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-09331-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "BET Networks Announces New Programming at Annual Upfront Presentation" (http://thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/04/02/bet-networks-announces-new-programming-at-annual-upfront-presentation-267011/20130402bet01/) . The Futon Critic . April 2, 2013 . Retrieved April 20, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Long, Kelle. " (https://www.mpaa.org/2018/05/the-black-panther-costume-designer-explains-the-symbolism-of-her-work/) Black Panther Costume Designer Ruth E. Carter Explains the Symbolism of Her Work" (https://www.mpaa.org/2018/05/the-black-panther-costume-designer-explains-the-symbolism-of-her-work/) . Motion Picture Association of America. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190514143408/https://www.mpaa.org/2018/05/the-black-panther-costume-designer-explains-the-symbolism-of-her-work/) from the original on May 14, 2019 . Retrieved May 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Clarks brought out Black Panther's costume designer to celebrate their new sneaker collab" (http://www.thefader.com/2018/02/06/black-panther-costume-designer-interview-ruth-e-carter) . The Fader . Retrieved March 3, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Wilson, Julee (February 24, 2019). "Ruth E. Carter Becomes The First Black Woman To Win Oscar For Best Costume Design" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/ruth-e-carter-first-black-woman-oscar-costume-design/) . Essence . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190225091708/https://www.essence.com/fashion/ruth-e-carter-first-black-woman-oscar-costume-design/) from the original on February 25, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Tangcay, Jazz (February 24, 2021). "Ruth E. Carter Makes History With a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame" (https://variety.com/2021/artisans/awards/ruth-carter-walk-of-fame-1234913760/) . Variety . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210224191110/https://variety.com/2021/artisans/awards/ruth-carter-walk-of-fame-1234913760/) from the original on February 24, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Ruth E. Carter: Afrofuturism in Costume Design" (https://ncartmuseum.org/series/ruth-e-carter-afrofuturism-in-costume-design/) . North Carolina Museum of Art. February 6, 2023. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230314005239/https://ncartmuseum.org/series/ruth-e-carter-afrofuturism-in-costume-design/) from the original on March 14, 2023 . Retrieved March 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Blauvelt, Christian (August 28, 2020). "Ruth E. Carter Preserves Black History Through Fashion" (https://www.indiewire.com/influencers/dolemite-is-my-name-costume-designer-ruth-e-carter/) . IndieWire . Retrieved March 13, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Ruth E. Carter" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0141921/awards?ref_=nm_awd) . IMDb . Retrieved March 29, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Actor Mekhi Pfifer and Costume Designer Ruth E. Carter Honored at American Black Film Festival" (https://books.google.com/books?id=MbYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22ruth+e.+carter%22&pg=PA59) , Jet (/wiki/Jet_(magazine)) , July 22, 2002. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "ESSENCE Black Women in Hollywood" (https://www.essence.com/awards-events/red-carpet/black-women-hollywood/essence-black-women-hollywood/) . Essence . Retrieved June 4, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Mack, Grace. "FashFilmFete festival to celebrate iconic costume designers, fashion in film" (https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/arts/fashfilmfete-to-celebrate-iconic-designers-fashion-at-phoenix-film-festival-17120560) . Phoenix New Times . Retrieved October 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Why Oscar-winning costume designer Ruth E. Carter feels great about the state of Hollywood" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2023-05-24/oscar-winner-ruth-e-carter-costume-design-book) . Los Angeles Times . May 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 21, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Costume Designer Ruth E. Carter Gives Glimpses at Her Legendary Career in Debut Book (Exclusive)" (https://people.com/costume-designer-ruth-e-carter-releases-debut-book-7501249) . Peoplemag . Retrieved June 21, 2023 . Further reading [ edit ] Kirkham, Pat; Stallworth, Shauna (2000). "Chapter 4: "Three Strikes Against Me": African American Women Designers". Women Designers in the USA, 1900-2000: Diversity and Difference . New York: Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts. pp. 141–143, 258. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-09331-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 48628173 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48628173) . Landis, Deborah Nadoolman (2003). Screencraft. Costume Design . Burlington, MA: Focal Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-240-80590-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 718593913 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/718593913) . External links [ edit ] Ruth E. Carter (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0141921/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Awards for Ruth E. Carter v t e Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 1948–1956 1948 (Black and white): Roger K. Furse (/wiki/Roger_K._Furse) / (Color): Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) and Barbara Karinska (/wiki/Barbara_Karinska) 1949 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) and Gile Steele (/wiki/Gile_Steele) / (c): Marjorie Best (/wiki/Marjorie_Best) , Leah Rhodes (/wiki/Leah_Rhodes) and William Travilla (/wiki/William_Travilla) 1950 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) / (c): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) , Elois Jenssen (/wiki/Elois_Jenssen) , Gile Steele (/wiki/Gile_Steele) , Gwen Wakeling (/wiki/Gwen_Wakeling) 1951 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) /(c): Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) , Walter Plunkett (/wiki/Walter_Plunkett) , Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1952 (bw): Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) / (c): Marcel Vertès (/wiki/Marcel_Vert%C3%A8s) 1953 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) / (c): Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) , Emile Santiago (/wiki/Emile_Santiago) 1954 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) / (c): Sanzo Wada (/wiki/Sanzo_Wada) 1955 (bw): Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) / (c): Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) 1956 (bw): Jean Louis (/wiki/Jean_Louis) / (c): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1957–1958 1957: Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) 1958: Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) 1959–1960 1959 (bw): Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) / (c): Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) 1960 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) and Edward Stevenson (/wiki/Edward_Stevenson_(costume_designer)) / (c): Bill Thomas (/wiki/Bill_Thomas_(costume_designer)) and Arlington Valles (/wiki/Arlington_Valles) 1961–1966 1961 (bw): Piero Gherardi (/wiki/Piero_Gherardi) / (c): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1962 (bw): Norma Koch (/wiki/Norma_Koch) / (c): Mary Wills (/wiki/Mary_Wills_(costume_designer)) 1963 (bw): Piero Gherardi (/wiki/Piero_Gherardi) / (c): Renié (/wiki/Reni%C3%A9) , Vittorio Nino Novarese (/wiki/Vittorio_Nino_Novarese) and Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1964 (bw): Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) / (c): Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) 1965 (bw): Julie Harris (/wiki/Julie_Harris_(costume_designer)) / (c): Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) 1966 (bw): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) / (c): Joan Bridge (/wiki/Joan_Bridge) and Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) 1967–1980 1967: John Truscott (/wiki/John_Truscott) 1968: Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) 1969: Margaret Furse (/wiki/Margaret_Furse) 1970: Vittorio Nino Novarese (/wiki/Vittorio_Nino_Novarese) 1971: Yvonne Blake (/wiki/Yvonne_Blake) and Antonio Castillo (/wiki/Antonio_Castillo_(costume_designer)) 1972: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1973: Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) 1974: Theoni V. Aldredge (/wiki/Theoni_V._Aldredge) 1975: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) and Ulla-Britt Söderlund (/wiki/Ulla-Britt_S%C3%B6derlund) 1976: Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) 1977: John Mollo (/wiki/John_Mollo) 1978: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1979: Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) 1980: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1981–2000 1981: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 1982: Bhanu Athaiya (/wiki/Bhanu_Athaiya) and John Mollo (/wiki/John_Mollo) 1983: Marik Vos-Lundh (/wiki/Marik_Vos-Lundh) 1984: Theodor Pištěk (/wiki/Theodor_Pi%C5%A1t%C4%9Bk_(artist)) 1985: Emi Wada (/wiki/Emi_Wada) 1986: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) and John Bright (/wiki/John_Bright_(costume_designer)) 1987: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1988: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1989: Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) 1990: Franca Squarciapino (/wiki/Franca_Squarciapino) 1991: Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) 1992: Eiko Ishioka (/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka) 1993: Gabriella Pescucci (/wiki/Gabriella_Pescucci) 1994: Tim Chappel (/wiki/Tim_Chappel) and Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) 1995: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1996: Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) 1997: Deborah Lynn Scott (/wiki/Deborah_Lynn_Scott) 1998: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 1999: Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) 2000: Janty Yates (/wiki/Janty_Yates) 2001–2020 2001: Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) and Angus Strathie (/wiki/Angus_Strathie) 2002: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2003: Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) and Richard Taylor (/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)) 2004: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 2005: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2006: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 2007: Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) 2008: Michael O'Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) 2009: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 2010: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2011: Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) 2012: Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) 2013: Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) 2014: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 2015: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) 2016: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2017: Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) 2018: Ruth E. Carter 2019: Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) 2020: Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) 2021–present 2021: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) 2022: Ruth E. Carter 2023: Holly Waddington (/wiki/Holly_Waddington) Black and White / Color separate (1948–1956, 1959–1966) v t e Black Reel Award for Outstanding Costume Design (/wiki/Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Costume_Design) Ruth E. Carter (2019) Ruth E. Carter (2020) Michael Wilkinson (/wiki/Michael_Wilkinson_(costume_designer)) (2021) Antoinette Messam (2022) Ruth E. Carter (2023) Francine Jamison-Tanchuck (2024) v t e Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Contemporary Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Contemporary_Film) Film (1998) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (1998) Contemporary (1999–present) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (1999) Jeffrey Kurland (/wiki/Jeffrey_Kurland) (2000) Karen Patch (2001) Wendy Chuck (2002) Durinda Wood (2003) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2004) Danny Glicker (/wiki/Danny_Glicker) (2005) Consolata Boyle (/wiki/Consolata_Boyle) (2006) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (2007) Suttirat Anne Larlarb (/wiki/Suttirat_Anne_Larlarb) (2008) Doug Hall (2009) Amy Westcott (2010) Trish Summerville (/wiki/Trish_Summerville) (2011) Jany Temime (/wiki/Jany_Temime) (2012) Suzy Benzinger (2013) Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) (2014) Jenny Eagan (2015) Mary Zophres (/wiki/Mary_Zophres) (2016) Jennifer Johnson (2017) Mary E. Vogt (2018) Jenny Eagan (2019) Nancy Steiner (/wiki/Nancy_Steiner) (2020) Ruth E. Carter (2021) Jenny Eagan (2022) Sophie Canale (2023) v t e Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence in Fantasy Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Fantasy_Film) Film (1998) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (1998) Period or Fantasy (1999–2004) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (1999) Rita Ryack (/wiki/Rita_Ryack) (2000) Judianna Makovsky (/wiki/Judianna_Makovsky) (2001) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2002) Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) (2003) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2004) Fantasy (2005–present) Isis Mussenden (/wiki/Isis_Mussenden) (2005) Lala Huete (2006) Ruth Myers (/wiki/Ruth_Myers_(costume_designer)) (2007) Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) (2008) Monique Prudhomme (2009) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2010) Jany Temime (/wiki/Jany_Temime) (2011) Eiko Ishioka (/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka) (2012) Trish Summerville (/wiki/Trish_Summerville) (2013) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2014) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2015) Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) (2016) Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) (2017) Ruth E. Carter (2018) Ellen Mirojnick (/wiki/Ellen_Mirojnick) (2019) Bina Daigeler (/wiki/Bina_Daigeler) (2020) Jacqueline West (/wiki/Jacqueline_West) and Robert Morgan (/wiki/Bob_Morgan_(costume_designer)) (2021) Shirley Kurata (/wiki/Shirley_Kurata) (2022) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2023) v t e Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (2009) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2010) Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) (2011) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2012) Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) (2013) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2014) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2015) Madeline Fontaine (/wiki/Madeline_Fontaine) (2016) Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) (2017) Ruth E. Carter (2018) Ruth E. Carter (2019) Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) (2020) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2021) Ruth E. Carter (2022) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2023) v t e Satellite Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Penny Rose (/wiki/Penny_Rose) (1996) Deborah Lynn Scott (/wiki/Deborah_Lynn_Scott) (1997) Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) (1998) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (1999) Rita Ryack (/wiki/Rita_Ryack) (2000) Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) and Angus Strathie (/wiki/Angus_Strathie) (2001) Julie Weiss (/wiki/Julie_Weiss) (2002) Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) (2003) Beatrix Aruna Pasztor (2004) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2005) Patricia Field (/wiki/Patricia_Field) (2006) Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) (2007) Michael O'Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) (2008) Monique Prudhomme (2009) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2010) Jacqueline West (/wiki/Jacqueline_West) (2011) Manon Rasmussen (/wiki/Manon_Rasmussen) (2012) Michael O’Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) (2013) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2014) Wen-Ying Huang (2015) Madeline Fontaine (/wiki/Madeline_Fontaine) (2016) Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) (2017) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (2018) Ruth E. Carter (2019) Suzie Harman and Robert Worley (2020) Massimo Cantini Parrini (/wiki/Massimo_Cantini_Parrini) (2021) Mary Zophres (/wiki/Mary_Zophres) (2022) David Crossman (/wiki/Dave_Crossman) and Janty Yates (/wiki/Janty_Yates) (2023) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000117750658) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/92275099) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj4xKg9mQtfBt4r9vHHmd) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16640679s) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16640679s) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1061250288) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no92026494) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1061250288.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐hpwhh Cached time: 20240712165620 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.655 seconds Real time usage: 0.852 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3613/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 162810/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 42096/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 149745/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.380/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7721892/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 712.311 1 -total 23.58% 167.991 1 Template:Infobox_person 20.35% 144.934 1 Template:Navboxes 16.63% 118.486 1 Template:Reflist 15.45% 110.034 6 Template:Navbox 14.42% 102.733 5 Template:Cite_book 13.72% 97.764 1 Template:Academy_Award_Best_Costume_Design 9.14% 65.088 1 Template:Short_description 6.76% 48.178 13 Template:Cite_web 6.52% 46.424 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:6045489-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712165620 and revision id 1217655607. 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New Zealand fashion design label NOM*d is a New Zealand fashion design label established in 1986 by Margarita (/wiki/Margi_Robertson) and Chris Robertson. The label operates from the historic city of Dunedin (/wiki/Dunedin) , in the Otago (/wiki/Otago) Region of New Zealand's South Island. [1] (#cite_note-1) In 1998, NOM*d showed at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [2] (#cite_note-2) NOM*d was worn by musician and celebrity Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) in her advertisement for Puma (/wiki/Puma_SE) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2011, Hilary Radner (/wiki/Hilary_Radner) and Natalie Smith curated New Zealand's first exhibition of NOM*d garments and memorabilia from NOM*d founder Margarita Robertson. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "NZ's style sisters - Nom*D and Zambesi - Tourism New Zealand Media" (http://media.newzealand.com/en/story-ideas/nzs-style-sisters-nom-d-and-zambesi/) . newzealand.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Margarita Robertson of NOM*D" (http://apparelmagazine.co.nz/2014/07/margarita-robertson-of-nomd/) . Apparel Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Rihanna for PUMA's Fall 2015 Ad Campaign" (http://www.rihannaoverdose.com/2015/05/rihanna-for-puma-fall-2015-ad-campaign.html) . rihannaoverdose.com . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Gerken, Sonia (28 July 2011). "Nom*d exhibition coup for gallery" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/5350857/Nom-d-exhibition-coup-for-gallery?videoId=6319549085112) . Stuff www.stuff.co.nz . Retrieved 12 February 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.nomd.co.nz) This New Zealand corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NOM*d&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NOM*d&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.canary‐59959768fb‐jhsnq Cached time: 20240713164346 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.258 seconds Real time usage: 0.336 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 569/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13071/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 713/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22941/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.177/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4181576/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 305.407 1 -total 37.98% 115.987 1 Template:Reflist 32.55% 99.406 4 Template:Cite_web 25.60% 78.181 1 Template:NewZealand-company-stub 25.44% 77.705 2 Template:Asbox 23.82% 72.759 1 Template:Short_description 13.17% 40.234 2 Template:Pagetype 6.42% 19.610 5 Template:Main_other 5.49% 16.765 1 Template:SDcat 5.42% 16.568 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:48090525-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713164346 and revision id 1207236963. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NOM*d&oldid=1207236963 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NOM*d&oldid=1207236963) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies established in 1986 (/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_1986) 1986 establishments in New Zealand (/wiki/Category:1986_establishments_in_New_Zealand) Companies based in Dunedin (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Dunedin) Clothing companies of New Zealand (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_New_Zealand) New Zealand fashion (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_fashion) New Zealand company stubs (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_company_stubs) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from July 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2019) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Finnish model (born 1943) Nina Rindt Nina Madeline Rindt ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Lincoln , also formerly known as Nina Hood, Lady Bridport ; born 1943) is a Finnish former model, Formula One (/wiki/Formula_One) motor racing personality, and member (by marriage) of the British aristocracy. [1] (#cite_note-rom_2020-10-06-1) She is best known for being the wife, and later the widow, of race car driver Jochen Rindt (/wiki/Jochen_Rindt) (1942–1970), who was posthumously awarded the World Drivers' Championship (/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions) for 1970 after dying in a practice crash the day before that year's Italian Grand Prix (/wiki/1970_Italian_Grand_Prix) . [1] (#cite_note-rom_2020-10-06-1) [2] (#cite_note-w_2019-07-24-2) During Jochen Rindt's Formula One career, Nina Rindt was often seen and photographed in the pit lane at Grand Prix race meetings. [1] (#cite_note-rom_2020-10-06-1) [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2011, La Gazzetta dello Sport (/wiki/La_Gazzetta_dello_Sport) , an Italian sports newspaper, named her as the most beautiful Formula One wife of all time. [1] (#cite_note-rom_2020-10-06-1) More recently, Rindt has been described as a "secret", "underrated", and "forgotten" style icon, [1] (#cite_note-rom_2020-10-06-1) [4] (#cite_note-rm_2012-08-22-4) and as "... kind of too cool for words." [4] (#cite_note-rm_2012-08-22-4) Additionally, the now-classic Universal Genève (/wiki/Universal_Gen%C3%A8ve) Compax model chronograph (/wiki/Chronograph) , an example of which she used to wear trackside, has come to be nicknamed the 'Nina Rindt watch' in her honour. [2] (#cite_note-w_2019-07-24-2) [5] (#cite_note-h_2014-02-07-5) [6] (#cite_note-fw_2015-05-07-6) [7] (#cite_note-iws_2021-03-28-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e O, Darcy (6 October 2020). "Nina Rindt (Lincoln) - Formula One's Forgotten Style Icon | Revised 2024" (https://www.rocksoffmag.com/nina-rindt/) . Rocks Off Magazine . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ a b Riche, Rhonda (24 July 2019). "Woman Of Substance: Five Ways In Which Nina Rindt Is The Original Watch Influencer" (https://www.watchonista.com/articles/novelties/woman-substance-five-ways-which-nina-rindt-original-watch-influencer) . Watchonista . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Messynessy (6 September 2016). "Forgotten Vintage Style Icon du Jour: Nina Rindt" (https://www.messynessychic.com/2015/05/07/forgotten-vintage-style-icon-du-jour-nina-rindt/) . Messy Nessy Chic . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ a b Duggan, Leeann (22 August 2012). "Secret Style Icon: Nina Rindt" (https://www.rookiemag.com/2012/08/secret-style-icon-nina-rindt/) . Rookie magazine . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-h_2014-02-07_5-0) "Found: Tropical Universal Genève "Nina Rindt" Compax Chronograph" (https://www.hodinkee.com/articles/found-tropical-universal-genve-nina-rindt-compax-chronograph) . Hodinkee (/wiki/Hodinkee) . 7 February 2014 . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-fw_2015-05-07_6-0) Stockton, Michael (7 May 2015). "#TBT Universal Geneve Compax" (https://www.fratellowatches.com/tbt-universal-geneve-compax-evil-nina/) . Fratello Watches . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-iws_2021-03-28_7-0) M, Alessandro (28 March 2021). "Is The Universal Geneve Nina Rindt Better Than A Paul Newman Rolex Daytona?" (https://italianwatchspotter.com/universal-geneve-nina-rindt/?lang=en) . Italian Watch Spotter . Retrieved 7 April 2024 . 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Former English Author and Cross-dresser Peter Farrer Peter Farrer (20 May 1926 – 10 February 2017) was an English tax inspector (/wiki/Tax_inspector) , author, cross-dresser (/wiki/Cross-dressing) , and authority on women's fashion. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Selected publications [ edit ] The Life of Maurice Pollack, 1885-1918: A Birmingham Actor Cross Dressing Between the Wars: Selections from London Life 1923-1933 In Female Disguise My First Party Frock and Other Contributions to the Glad Rag 1985 to 1991 The Regime of the Stay-lace: Further Selection of Letters from Victorian Newspapers Men in Petticoats: A Selection of Letters from Victorian Newspapers Borrowed Plumes: Letters from Edwardian Newspapers on Male Cross Dressing Tight Lacing: 1828-1880 Pt. 1: A Bibliography of Articles and Letters Concerning Stays and Corsets for Men and Women Confidential Correspondence on Cross Dressing: 1911-15 Pt. 1 Cross Dressing Since the War: Selections from Justice Weekly 1955-1972 Confidential Correspondence on Cross Dressing: 1916-20 Pt. 2 Happenings: The Story of Bessie References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Peter Farrer" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/peter-farrer-v0x0l2387) . Thetimes.co.uk . 22 April 2017 . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "REVEALED: The secret frills of the Liverpool taxman" (http://confidentials.com/liverpool/revealed-the-secret-frills-of-the-liverpool-taxman) . Confidentials.com . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Grayson Perry Outdone: Transformation Exhibits Peter Farrer's Cross Dressing Wardrobe" (http://www.artlyst.com/news/grayson-perry-outdone-transformation-exhibits-peter-farrers-cross-dressing-wardrobe/) . Artlyst.com . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Transformation: One Man's Cross-Dressing Wardrobe - Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool museums" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170220102344/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/transformation/) . Archived from the original (http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/transformation/) on 20 February 2017 . Retrieved 24 July 2017 . External links [ edit ] "Transformation: One Man's Cross-dressing Wardrobe" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3q_1_7qjwQ) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . 4 November 2015 . Retrieved 2 January 2018 . This English biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Farrer&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐67bpx Cached time: 20240713045151 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.240 seconds Real time usage: 0.322 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 523/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12118/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 717/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21807/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4160101/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 301.774 1 -total 39.12% 118.051 1 Template:Reflist 28.89% 87.188 1 Template:Cite_news 27.27% 82.279 1 Template:Short_description 24.80% 74.848 1 Template:England-bio-stub 23.69% 71.499 1 Template:Asbox 13.50% 40.753 2 Template:Pagetype 6.44% 19.440 4 Template:Cite_web 6.42% 19.359 4 Template:Main_other 5.57% 16.801 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54642863-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713045151 and revision id 1200174434. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Farrer&oldid=1200174434 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Farrer&oldid=1200174434) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : People from Surrey (/wiki/Category:People_from_Surrey) English civil servants (/wiki/Category:English_civil_servants) Cross-dressers (/wiki/Category:Cross-dressers) People educated at King William's College (/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_King_William%27s_College) Alumni of St John's College, Oxford (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_St_John%27s_College,_Oxford) English publishers (people) (/wiki/Category:English_publishers_(people)) 1926 births (/wiki/Category:1926_births) 2017 deaths (/wiki/Category:2017_deaths) 20th-century English businesspeople (/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_businesspeople) English people stubs (/wiki/Category:English_people_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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American footwear brand Saucony Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) Founded 1898 ; 126 years ago ( 1898 ) Kutztown, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Kutztown,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Headquarters Waltham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts) , U.S. Products Athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneakers) , jackets (/wiki/Jacket) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpant) , shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , socks (/wiki/Sock) , hats (/wiki/Hat) , backpacks (/wiki/Backpack) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Hyde (/w/index.php?title=Hyde_Athletic_Industries_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) (1968–2005) Stride Rite (/wiki/Stride_Rite) (2005–2007) Collective Brands (/wiki/Collective_Brands) (2007–2012) Wolverine World Wide (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) (2012–present) Website saucony.com (https://www.saucony.com/en/home) Saucony / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ s ɔː k ən i / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) is an American brand of athletic footwear (/wiki/Athletic_footwear) and apparel (/wiki/Clothing) . Founded in 1898, the company is owned by Wolverine World Wide (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) . Products commercialised by Saucony include footwear and clothing ranges, such as athletic shoes (/wiki/Sneakers) , jackets (/wiki/Jacket) , hoodies (/wiki/Hoodie) , T-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) , sweatpants (/wiki/Sweatpant) , shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , and socks (/wiki/Sock) . Accessories include hats (/wiki/Hat) and backpacks (/wiki/Backpack) . Saucony's shoe boxes once had the phrase "sock a knee" printed on them, which represents the correct pronunciation of the company's name. [1] (#cite_note-1) The Saucony brand logo represents the Saucony Creek (/wiki/Saucony_Creek) 's constant flow, and the boulders lining its creek bed (/wiki/Creek_(tidal)) . The company is a popular racing shoe producer, making track spikes (/wiki/Track_spikes) and cross country (/wiki/Cross_country_running) racing flats (/wiki/Racing_flats) . Saucony also makes shoes for specific track and field athletics (/wiki/Track_and_field_athletics) events. History [ edit ] Saucony Jazz trainer The Saucony Shoe Manufacturing Company's first factory was founded in 1898 at Kutztown, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Kutztown,_Pennsylvania) by businessmen William A. Donmoyer, Thomas S. Levan, Walter C.C. Snyder, and Benjamin F. Reider. The company took its name from Saucony Creek (/wiki/Saucony_Creek) , which flows next to the original factory in Kutztown. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 1910, Russian (/wiki/Russia) immigrant Abraham R. Hyde started a shoe company, A.R. Hyde and Sons, in Cambridge, Massachusetts (/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Over the years, Hyde became known for making athletic footwear including brands such as SpotBilt and PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) . On June 13, 1968, Hyde entered into an agreement to buy Saucony, and the sale was completed on October 24, 1968. [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1979, two of Saucony's running shoes were selected in the top 10 by Runner's World (/wiki/Runner%27s_World) magazine (the Hornet was chosen best value), and by the following spring the demand for the product had gone up 2,000%. In the late 1980s, when Saucony became Hyde's dominant brand, the name of the company was officially changed from Hyde Athletic Industries to Saucony. [5] (#cite_note-SauconyHistory-5) In 2005, Saucony was acquired by Stride Rite Corporation (/wiki/Stride_Rite_Corporation) for $170 million. [6] (#cite_note-6) Stride Rite was acquired in 2007 for $800 million by Payless ShoeSource (/wiki/Payless_ShoeSource) . The combined company became known as Collective Brands (/wiki/Collective_Brands) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2012, Collective Brands' Performance Lifestyle Group, which included Saucony, along with Keds (/wiki/Keds_(shoes)) , Stride Rite and Sperry Top-Sider (/wiki/Sperry_Top-Sider) , became part of Wolverine World Wide (/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide) in a $1.23 billion transaction that also involved the sale of Payless ShoeSource and Collective Licensing International to private equity firms (/wiki/Private_equity_firm) Blum Capital Partners (/wiki/Blum_Capital) and Golden Gate Capital (/wiki/Golden_Gate_Capital) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2016, Wolverine World Wide relocated Saucony and its other Boston-area brands to a new regional headquarters location in Waltham, Massachusetts (/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Wolverine World Wide sources a majority of its footwear from numerous third-party manufacturers in Asia Pacific and South America. [10] (#cite_note-10) Footwear [ edit ] Saucony Peregrine 8 trail shoes The company offers shoes for running (/wiki/Running_shoes) , trail running, racing, and walking, utilizing specific technology relevant to the type of activity. Shoes are also made by focusing on the runner's foot size, type of running, arch type, and pronation (/wiki/Pronation) . On April 3, 2018, Saucony teamed up with the Massachusetts-based doughnut and coffee company, Dunkin' Donuts (/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts) to produce a doughnut-themed, strawberry-frosted-looking running shoe to commemorate the 122nd running of the Boston Marathon (/wiki/Boston_Marathon) . The Saucony X Dunkin’ Kinvara 9 comes in a doughnut box. The heel of the shoe is covered in rainbow sprinkles (/wiki/Sprinkles) . [11] (#cite_note-11) The company again released a Dunkin' themed running shoe, the Kinvara 10, in March 2019. [12] (#cite_note-12) Originals [ edit ] Originals are Saucony's heritage range, which includes reintroduced older shoe styles produced by the company with different materials and colorways. These include the popular Shadow model, Jazz model, and Hornet model, the latter of which remains the company's biggest selling product. [5] (#cite_note-SauconyHistory-5) Sponsorship [ edit ] The company sponsors and has sponsored many athletes, including American long-distance runners Molly Huddle (/wiki/Molly_Huddle) , Laura Thweatt (/wiki/Laura_Thweatt) , and Jared Ward (/wiki/Jared_Ward) . [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Jones, Del (October 18, 2004). "Saucony CEO puts his foot down on loyalty - Finding a niche vital when you're small" (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/educate/college/careers/profile37.htm) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160710170215/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/educate/college/careers/profile37.htm) from the original on July 10, 2016 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Running History: Saucony Through the Ages" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/features/saucony-book-running-history-saucony-through-the-ages) . Sneaker Freaker . August 2, 2023 . Retrieved 2023-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The History of the Saucony Shoe Manufacturing Company" (https://www.prlog.org/10377917-the-history-of-the-saucony-shoe-manufacturing-company.html) . PRLog . Retrieved 2023-03-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Hyde Athletic Industries, Inc., and Saucony Shoe Manufacturing Company, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Continental Casualty Company, Continental Insurance Company, Greater New York Mutual Insurance Company, Lumbermens Mutual Insurance Company, Federal Insurance Company, and Highlands Insurance Company, Defendants. Civil Action No. 95-5822" (https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/97D0706P.pdf) (PDF) . United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania . 1997-06-16. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201022020314/https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/opinions/97D0706P.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-22 . Retrieved 2023-03-07 . ^ Jump up to: a b Grant, Tina (September 25, 2000). International Directory of Company Histories . Vol. 35. Detroit, Michigan: St. James Press (/wiki/St._James_Press) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55862-394-1 . OL (/wiki/OL_(identifier)) 8607055M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8607055M) – via Funding Universe. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Stride Rite to buy Saucony for $170 million" (https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2005/05/30/daily35.html) . Boston Business Journal (/wiki/Boston_Business_Journal) . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Payless set to acquire Stride Rite for $800 million" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23iht-shoe.1.5837442.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . May 23, 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190624150029/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/business/worldbusiness/23iht-shoe.1.5837442.html) from the original on June 24, 2019 . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Wolverine, Golden Gate, Blum agree to buy company whose brands include Keds, Sperry Top-Sider" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/05/01/wolverine-golden-gate-blum-agree-buy-company-whose-brands-include-keds-sperry-top-sider/46Cen5BoYoH16Ww8RLEChK/story.html) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . May 1, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191029015307/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/05/01/wolverine-golden-gate-blum-agree-buy-company-whose-brands-include-keds-sperry-top-sider/46Cen5BoYoH16Ww8RLEChK/story.html) from the original on 29 October 2019 . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Wolverine strides into Waltham" (https://www.bostonherald.com/2016/07/20/wolverine-strides-into-waltham/) . Boston Herald (/wiki/Boston_Herald) . 20 July 2016 . Retrieved 28 October 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Martinez, Shandra (2017-08-17). "Wolverine Worldwide taps CMU grad to grow Asian business" (https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2017/08/wolverine_worldwide_taps_cmu_g.html) . mlive (/wiki/Mlive) . Retrieved 2023-09-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Dawson, Andrew (2018-03-28). "Saucony Teams up With Dunkin' Donuts for One Sweet Running Shoe" (https://www.runnersworld.com/gear/a19595602/saucony-dunkin-donuts-shoes/) . Runner's World (/wiki/Runner%27s_World) . Retrieved 2018-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Dunkin', Saucony team up to create doughnut-themed shoes for Boston Marathon" (https://www.wthr.com/article/dunkin-saucony-team-create-doughnut-themed-shoes-boston-marathon) . WTHR (/wiki/WTHR) .com . Indianapolis. 2019-03-22 . Retrieved 2019-03-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "2020 U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials - Track and Field Event" (https://www.flotrack.org/events/6650083-2020-us-olympic-marathon-trials/results) . Flotrack . Retrieved 2023-04-12 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saucony (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saucony) . Official website (https://www.saucony.com/en) v t e Sports equipment (/wiki/Sports_equipment) brands This list includes companies that produce sports equipment. 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Indian actress and model (b. 1988) Kanishtha Dhankar Dhankar in 2016 Born Kanishtha Raj Singh Dhankhar ( 1988-09-21 ) 21 September 1988 (age 35) [1] (#cite_note-beautypageants.indiatimes.com-1) Bombay, Maharashtra (/wiki/Maharashtra) , India (/wiki/India) Occupation(s) Model (/wiki/Model_(person)) , Actress (/wiki/Actress) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Femina Miss India World 2011 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) Years active 2008-present Major competition(s) Femina Miss India World 2011 (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) (Winner) (Miss Body Beautiful) (Miss No Marks) (Miss Ramp Model) (Miss Beautiful Legs) (Miss Water Baby) Kanishtha Raj Singh Dhankar (born 21 September 1988) is an Indian actress, model (/wiki/Model_(person)) and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Pantaloons Miss India (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) 2011, whereas Hasleen Kaur (/wiki/Hasleen_Kaur) was crowned the Femina Miss India (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) Earth. She later represented India at the Miss World 2011 (/wiki/Miss_World_2011) pageant where she placed in top 30. [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life [ edit ] Kanishtha was born on 21 September 1988 [1] (#cite_note-beautypageants.indiatimes.com-1) at the naval base in Bombay, India (/wiki/India) to Raj Singh Dhankhar, a Commodore (/wiki/Commodore_(rank)) in the Indian Navy (/wiki/Indian_Navy) , and Kusum Malhan Dhankhar. She is second of their three children. Her father was posted in Mumbai at the time of her birth. Her mother is a school teacher and a home maker and has worked extensively with the Naval Wives Welfare Association in Mumbai. Her ancestral family is from Village Kasni, District Jhajjar, Haryana (/wiki/Haryana) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Kanishtha was raised in Colaba (/wiki/Colaba) , Mumbai. She pursued a Bachelor of Commerce (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Commerce) degree in H.R. College of Commerce and Economics (/wiki/H.R._College_of_Commerce_and_Economics) in Mumbai. [4] (#cite_note-TOI-4) Career [ edit ] In 2008, she appeared in Madhur Bhandarkar (/wiki/Madhur_Bhandarkar) 's film Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_(2008_film)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) See also [ edit ] Femina Miss India (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) Miss World 2011 (/wiki/Miss_World_2011) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Aditi Mishra - Profile" (https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/photoshow/7634057.cms?curpg=11) . The Times of India . Retrieved 12 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Miss India Femina Miss India 2011" (http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com) . Feminamissindia.indiatimes.com . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "KANISHTHA DHANKAR" (https://www-explosivefashion-in.translate.goog/indian-models/kanishtha-dhankar.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc) . www-explosivefashion-in.translate.goog . Retrieved 14 June 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-TOI_4-0) Deswal, Deepender (19 April 2011). "New Miss India Kanishtha Dhankar is a Haryanavi jat girl" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-Miss-India-Kanishtha-Dhankar-is-a-Haryanavi-jat-girl/articleshow/8024553.cms) . The Times of India . Retrieved 12 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Fashion Bollywood (Movie)" (http://www.indicine.com/bollywood/fashion/) . Indicine . Retrieved 25 March 2009 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kanishtha Dhankar (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kanishtha_Dhankar) . Kanishtha Dhankar (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3195958/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Kanishtha Dhankar (https://x.com/kanishtha_d) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Awards and achievements Preceded by Manasvi Mamgai (/wiki/Manasvi_Mamgai) Femina Miss India World (/wiki/Femina_Miss_India) 2011 Succeeded by Vanya Mishra (/wiki/Vanya_Mishra) v t e Miss World 2011 (/wiki/Miss_World_2011) national titleholders Gillain Berry (/wiki/Gillain_Berry) Justine De Jonckheere (/wiki/Justine_De_Jonckheere) Benazir Charles (/wiki/Benazir_Charles) Riza Santos (/wiki/Riza_Santos) Monifa Jansen (/wiki/Monifa_Jansen) María Verónica Vargas (/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica_Vargas) Donia Hamed (/wiki/Donia_Hamed) Alize Lily Mounter (/wiki/Alize_Lily_Mounter) Laury Thilleman (/wiki/Laury_Thilleman) Janet Kerdikoshvili (/wiki/Janet_Kerdikoshvili) Michelle Pedersen (/wiki/Michelle_Gillingwater_Pedersen) Lourdes Figueroa (/wiki/Lourdes_Figueroa) Kanishtha Dhankar Astrid Yunadi (/wiki/Astrid_Yunadi) Holly Carpenter (/wiki/Holly_Carpenter) Tania Bambaci (/wiki/Tania_Bambaci) Zhanna Zhumaliyeva (/wiki/Zhanna_Zhumaliyeva) Laetitia Darche (/wiki/Laetitia_Darche) Gabriela Palacio (/wiki/Gabriela_Palacio) Maja Maraš (/wiki/Maja_Mara%C5%A1) Malina Joshi (/wiki/Malina_Joshi) Sylvia Nduka (/wiki/Sylvia_Nduka) Irene Núñez (/wiki/Irene_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez) Gwendoline Ruais (/wiki/Gwendoline_Ruais) Amanda Vilanova (/wiki/Amanda_Vilanova) Natalia Gantimurova (/wiki/Natalia_Gantimurova) Dagmar Kolesárová (/wiki/Dagmar_Koles%C3%A1rov%C3%A1) Bokang Montjane (/wiki/Bokang_Montjane) Carla García (/wiki/Carla_Garc%C3%ADa) Nicoline Artursson (/wiki/Nicoline_Artursson) Esonica Veira (/wiki/Esonica_Veira) Ivian Sarcos (/wiki/Ivian_Sarcos) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐7zhhm Cached time: 20240720170325 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.714 seconds Real time usage: 1.245 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7745/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65397/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14656/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31355/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.378/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7602268/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 836.560 1 -total 32.30% 270.232 1 Template:Miss_World_2011_delegates 31.66% 264.836 1 Template:Navbox 23.28% 194.750 34 Template:Flagicon 21.56% 180.367 1 Template:Infobox_pageant_titleholder 16.83% 140.811 1 Template:Reflist 12.53% 104.831 2 Template:Cite_web 8.65% 72.375 1 Template:Short_description 7.73% 64.626 59 Template:Main_other 7.66% 64.079 1 Template:Succession_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33544622-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170325 and revision id 1224614542. 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American businessman John D. Idol Born 1958 or 1959 (age 64–65) [1] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_profile-1) Nationality American Occupation Businessman Title Chairman and CEO, Capri Holdings (/wiki/Capri_Holdings) John D. Idol (born 1958/1959) is an American businessman, and the chairman and CEO of Capri Holdings (/wiki/Capri_Holdings) (formerly Michael Kors Holdings). He has been the CEO since 2003, and the chairman since 2011. [2] (#cite_note-businessoffashion.com-2) Career [ edit ] Idol held senior positions at Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) , before becoming the CEO of Donna Karan (/wiki/DKNY) , a position he held from 1997 to 2001. [2] (#cite_note-businessoffashion.com-2) [1] (#cite_note-Bloomberg_profile-1) In 2003, Idol along with Hong Kong-based private equity firm Sportswear Holdings, bought the Michael Kors company for $100 million. [2] (#cite_note-businessoffashion.com-2) Idol owns only 1% of the company, having sold shares worth in excess of $400 million since the initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) (IPO). [2] (#cite_note-businessoffashion.com-2) In 2018 he was part of the consortium led by Lawrence Stroll (/wiki/Lawrence_Stroll) in the purchase of Force India F1 Team (/wiki/Force_India_F1_Team) . The team was pulled out of administration following the purchase and is currently named Aston Martin Cognizant F1 Team (/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One) . [3] (#cite_note-3) Personal life [ edit ] In 2015, Idol bought a penthouse in the Palm Beach Biltmore (/wiki/Bowman-Biltmore_Hotels#Florida) in Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , for $7.4 million, previously owned by Pari-Sima Pahlavi, widow of Abdul Reza Pahlavi (/wiki/Abdul_Reza_Pahlavi) of Iran. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Executive Profile: John D. Idol" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=347653&privcapId=143971118) . Bloomberg LP . Retrieved 26 September 2018 . ^ a b c d "John D Idolis One of the 500 People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry in 2018" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/john-d-idol) . businessoffashion.com . Retrieved 26 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Aston Martin F1" (https://www.sportskeeda.com/team/force-india-mercedes) . sportskeeda.com . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Michael Kors chairman pays $7.4 million for PB Biltmore condo" (https://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/business/michael-kors-chairman-pays-million-for-biltmore-condo/u6mNCpy5oUrH7lz9nfZyBK/) . palmbeachdailynews.com . Retrieved 26 September 2018 . This article about an American businessperson born in the 1950s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D._Idol&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐9ts8c Cached time: 20240712180319 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.280 seconds Real time usage: 0.374 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1831/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12172/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 860/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21615/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.185/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4553211/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 354.085 1 -total 29.47% 104.334 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.34% 100.354 1 Template:Reflist 24.10% 85.346 4 Template:Cite_web 17.99% 63.683 1 Template:US-business-bio-1950s-stub 17.95% 63.559 1 Template:Short_description 17.48% 61.885 1 Template:Asbox 10.44% 36.973 2 Template:Pagetype 8.27% 29.273 16 Template:Main_other 5.63% 19.918 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58579360-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712180319 and revision id 1219093080. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D._Idol&oldid=1219093080 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D._Idol&oldid=1219093080) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1950s births (/wiki/Category:1950s_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) American chief executives of fashion industry companies (/wiki/Category:American_chief_executives_of_fashion_industry_companies) American business biography, 1950s birth stubs (/wiki/Category:American_business_biography,_1950s_birth_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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American fashion designer Michelle Smith Born 1972 or 1973 (age 50–51) Nationality American Alma mater Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) Known for Contemporary womenswear Notable work Milly (/wiki/Milly_(fashion_brand)) Dress worn in First Lady Michelle Obama (/wiki/First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_(painting)) Spouse Andrew Oshrin (m. 2003–2019) Website michellesmith (http://MichelleSmith.NYC) .nyc (http://MichelleSmith.NYC) Michelle Smith (born 1972 or 1973) is an American fashion designer. From 2000 to 2019, she was the designer at Milly (/wiki/Milly_(fashion_brand)) , a contemporary womenswear line she cofounded. In 2020, she launched a new direct-to-consumer brand called Michelle Smith, for which she will design two collections annually. [1] (#cite_note-1) Smith designed the gown First Lady Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) selected to wear in her official portrait (/wiki/First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_(painting)) for the National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)) by Amy Sherald (/wiki/Amy_Sherald) . Early life [ edit ] Born in 1972 or 1973, Michelle Smith grew up in Connecticut, New Jersey and Ohio, the daughter of a factory plant manager father and stay-at-home mother. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Raised in Mount Holly, New Jersey (/wiki/Mount_Holly,_New_Jersey) , Smith attended Rancocas Valley Regional High School (/wiki/Rancocas_Valley_Regional_High_School) , graduating in 1990. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-NY_Obs-4) Since childhood, she had wanted to be a fashion designer and took summer art classes at the Moore College of Art and Design (/wiki/Moore_College_of_Art_and_Design) . [4] (#cite_note-NY_Obs-4) After high school, she enrolled at the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) (FIT). [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Career [ edit ] Early career [ edit ] While at FIT, Smith had a retail job at an Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) boutique and, writing a letter to the president of the brand, managed to secure an internship with the company in Paris where she was the first American employee. [5] (#cite_note-HC-5) She next interned at Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , also in Paris, and then enrolled at the French fashion school ESMOD (/wiki/ESMOD) . [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) While there, she had another internship with the haute couture studio of Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) where her job was to illustrate gowns in watercolor: one copy for the client, one for the archives. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Smith returned to New York in 1996, starting in an entry level position with an outwear company called Gallery. Interviewing for that position, she met Andrew Oshrin, then a manager of production at Gallery, [4] (#cite_note-NY_Obs-4) who later became the cofounder of Smith's own brand. In 1998 Smith moved to contemporary brand Helen Wang. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Designing there spurred her interest in developing her own line, buoyed by how well her designs for Helen Wang sold. [4] (#cite_note-NY_Obs-4) Milly [ edit ] Main article: Milly (fashion brand) (/wiki/Milly_(fashion_brand)) In 2000, Smith and then-boyfriend Andrew Oshrin launched a fashion line called Milly (/wiki/Milly_(fashion_brand)) . [6] (#cite_note-WWD_2019-6) Working from an initial $50,000 investment by Oshrin, [5] (#cite_note-HC-5) the pair set a goal of doing $1.2 million in gross revenue in their first year of sales. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Smith's colorful, patterned designs were an immediate success and Milly met the sales goal in three months; [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) the line became profitable within a year. [4] (#cite_note-NY_Obs-4) The brand opened its first store in 2011. Writing in Vogue in 2012, Brittany Adams called Milly "the brand that built itself on ladylike designs with an edge." [7] (#cite_note-7) Discussing the line in 2018, fashion critic Robin Givhan (/wiki/Robin_Givhan) characterized Milly as "not a rarefied brand. While it's designer driven, it's rooted in American sportswear and with cocktail dresses priced at $850 or so, it falls into the fashion category of affordable luxury: aspirational, but not impossible." [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) At its peak, Milly grossed about $50 million annually. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Detail from First Lady Michelle Obama (/wiki/First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_(painting)) showing the colors, pattern and texture on the skirt of the dress Smith designed as interpreted by Sherald A design from Smith's Spring 2017 collection for Milly was selected as the dress First Lady Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) would wear in her official portrait (/wiki/First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_(painting)) for the National Portrait Gallery (/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)) by Amy Sherald (/wiki/Amy_Sherald) . [9] (#cite_note-Vogue_2020-9) Smith had worked with Obama and her stylist Meredith Koop previously, including for an Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) cover shoot, and pulled the dress from production when Koop expressed interest, so that the design could remain unique to Obama. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) They worked remotely, with Smith tailoring the dress to Obama's measurements; she learned her dress, one of two final contenders, [10] (#cite_note-10) was likely the one Obama would wear for the sitting, [11] (#cite_note-11) but the final wardrobe decision wasn't revealed until the portrait's unveiling ceremony. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Smith said she felt the dress was appropriate to the portrait because its style was representative of the way Obama dressed in her daily life; additionally, Smith considered the material and design symbolic of Obama's contemporary sensibilities in her life overall: "It's made of a stretch cotton poplin print in a clean, minimal, geometric print without a reference to anything past or nostalgic, which gives the dress a very forward-thinking sensibility—this is very Michelle Obama." [9] (#cite_note-Vogue_2020-9) The portrait's painter Amy Sherald, by contrast, found inspiration in the historical echoes she saw in the dress's color and pattern, feeling it recalled paintings by Piet Mondrian (/wiki/Piet_Mondrian) as well as the historic Gee's Bend quilts (/wiki/Quilts_of_Gee%27s_Bend) from the small, remote community in Alabama descended from formerly enslaved African Americans. [9] (#cite_note-Vogue_2020-9) Obama was also pictured wearing a striped Milly top on January 17, 2017, her last birthday in the White House (/wiki/White_House) , taking a final walk through the building in the Administration's last days. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2019, Smith and Oshrin sold Milly to apparel company S. Rothschild & Co. [6] (#cite_note-WWD_2019-6) After Milly [ edit ] In 2020, Smith launched a direct-to-consumer fashion brand called Michelle Smith. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) The new line is more casual than Milly—a response, Smith said, to the new emphasis on comfort during the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) when there was little use for office or special occasion wear—but uses upscale materials and details. [13] (#cite_note-13) She plans to design two collections annually. [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Smith's partner is celebrity SoulCycle (/wiki/SoulCycle) instructor and author Stacey Griffith. [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) Smith was previously married to Andrew Oshrin, with whom she built Milly. Married in 2003, they had two children together before separating in 2017 [2] (#cite_note-NYT_2020-2) and divorcing in 2019. [6] (#cite_note-WWD_2019-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Drohan, Freya (October 27, 2020). "Michelle Smith, Former Milly Designer, Goes Her Own Way With New Namesake Brand" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/michelle-smith-new-brand/) . Daily Front Row . Retrieved February 10, 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Rosman, Katherine (October 24, 2020). "How the Designer of Milly Broke Free" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/style/milly-designer-michelle-smith-obama-soulcycle-stacey-griffith.html) . The New York Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201025005450/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/24/style/milly-designer-michelle-smith-obama-soulcycle-stacey-griffith.html) from the original on October 25, 2020 . Retrieved October 25, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "School Community Spotlight" (https://www.rvrhs.com/apps/spotlight_persons/persons.jsp?categoryREC_ID=109&y=2015&m=8&d=13) . www.rvrhs.com . September 13, 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201107115345/https://www.rvrhs.com/apps/spotlight_persons/persons.jsp?categoryREC_ID=109&y=2015&m=8&d=13) from the original on November 7, 2020 . Retrieved November 1, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Vilkomerson, Sara (October 24, 2005). "She Enjoys Being a Girl! Meet the Mind Behind Milly" (https://observer.com/2005/10/she-enjoys-being-a-girl-meet-the-mind-behind-milly/) . Observer . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170520114116/http://observer.com/2005/10/she-enjoys-being-a-girl-meet-the-mind-behind-milly/) from the original on May 20, 2017 . Retrieved November 1, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sewing, Joy (April 29, 2016). "Michelle Smith finds new creative groove with Milly" (https://www.houstonchronicle.com/life/style/fashion/article/Michelle-Smith-finds-new-creative-groove-with-7384422.php) . Houston Chronicle . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212220/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/life/style/fashion/article/Michelle-Smith-finds-new-creative-groove-with-7384422.php) from the original on October 28, 2020 . Retrieved October 25, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Lockwood, Lisa (April 22, 2019). "Milly Sold to S. Rothschild Subsidiary" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/milly-sold-to-s-rothschild-subsidiary-1203114867/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201026064506/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/milly-sold-to-s-rothschild-subsidiary-1203114867/) from the original on October 26, 2020 . Retrieved October 25, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Adams, Brittany (February 14, 2012). "Milly Fall 2012 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2012-ready-to-wear/milly) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200921123343/https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2012-ready-to-wear/milly) from the original on September 21, 2020 . Retrieved October 31, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b Givhan, Robin (February 12, 2018). "The Michelle Obama portrait is striking — and so is the gown she wore for it. This is its story" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/02/12/dress-designer-flipped-out-in-a-good-way-when-michelle-obamas-portrait-was-unveiled/) . The Washington Post . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201028201530/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/02/12/dress-designer-flipped-out-in-a-good-way-when-michelle-obamas-portrait-was-unveiled/) from the original on October 28, 2020 . Retrieved October 31, 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Bobb, Brooke (February 12, 2018). "Michelle Obama Wears Milly in Her Official Portrait--Here's the Story Behind the Dress" (https://www.vogue.com/article/michelle-obama-portrait-milly-michelle-smith) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201028204938/https://www.vogue.com/article/michelle-obama-portrait-milly-michelle-smith) from the original on October 28, 2020 . Retrieved October 25, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Haight, Sarah (February 12, 2018). "Inside the Obamas' Portrait Unveiling at the National Portrait Gallery" (https://www.vogue.com/article/president-barack-obama-first-lady-michelle-obama-national-portrait-gallery-party-washington-dc) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031073534/https://www.vogue.com/article/president-barack-obama-first-lady-michelle-obama-national-portrait-gallery-party-washington-dc) from the original on October 31, 2020 . Retrieved November 18, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Karimzadeh, Marc (April 4, 2018). "MICHELLE X 2: MILLY'S MICHELLE SMITH ON MICHELLE OBAMA" (https://cfda.com/news/millys-michelle-smith-on-michelle-obama) . cfda.com . Council of Fashion Designers of America. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200626110021/https://cfda.com/news/millys-michelle-smith-on-michelle-obama) from the original on June 26, 2020 . Retrieved November 18, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Puente, Maria (February 12, 2018). "Michelle Obama wears striking Milly gown in her official portrait" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2018/02/12/michelle-obama-wears-striking-milly-gown-her-official-portrait/329317002/) . USA TODAY . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200219025130/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2018/02/12/michelle-obama-wears-striking-milly-gown-her-official-portrait/329317002/) from the original on February 19, 2020 . Retrieved November 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Edelson, Sharon. "Michelle Smith Makes Launching A Fashion Brand During The Pandemic Look Easy. Here's How She Did It" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/sharonedelson/2020/10/28/michelle-smith-makes-launching-a-fashion-brand-during-the-pandemic-look-easy-heres-how-she-did-it/) . Forbes . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113440/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sharonedelson/2020/10/28/michelle-smith-makes-launching-a-fashion-brand-during-the-pandemic-look-easy-heres-how-she-did-it/) from the original on October 31, 2020 . Retrieved October 31, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Lockwood, Lisa (October 24, 2020). "Michelle Smith Launches Luxury E-Commerce Business" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/michelle-smith-launches-luxury-e-commerce-business-1234643253/) . WWD . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201026232751/https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/michelle-smith-launches-luxury-e-commerce-business-1234643253/) from the original on October 26, 2020 . Retrieved October 25, 2020 . 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Fashion retailer This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments , a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use/en#paid-contrib-disclosure) . It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies (/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Content) , particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . ( December 2020 ) TechStyle Fashion Group Type of site Private Available in English Founded March 2010 as JustFab Inc. Country of origin United States Area served United States (/wiki/United_States) , Canada (/wiki/Canada) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) , France (/wiki/France) , Spain (/wiki/Spain) , Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) , Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) , Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) , Belgium (/wiki/Belgium) , Austria (/wiki/Austria) CEO Adam Goldenberg Key people Don Ressler and Adam Goldenberg, Founders Industry E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Products (/wiki/Product_(business)) Shoes (/wiki/Shoes) , handbags (/wiki/Handbags) , jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , denim (/wiki/Denim) , activewear (/wiki/Activewear) , lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) , children's apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Services (/wiki/Service_(economics)) Fashion membership, marketing (/wiki/Marketing) , merchandising (/wiki/Merchandising) Divisions (/wiki/Division_(business)) FabKids Fabletics (/wiki/Fabletics) JustFab (/wiki/JustFab) ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) [1] (#cite_note-businessoffash-1) URL www.Techstyle.com (http://www.techstyle.com/) Registration Required Users (/wiki/Registered_user) 5 million [2] (#cite_note-retaildive-2) Current status Active TechStyle Fashion Group , formerly JustFab Inc. , is an online, membership fashion retailer (/wiki/Fashion_merchandising) that has a portfolio of five direct-to-consumer (/wiki/Direct-to-consumer) brands including JustFab, FabKids, ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) , Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) , and Fabletics (/wiki/Fabletics) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-nytimes-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Its brands carries selections of shoes (/wiki/Shoe) , handbags (/wiki/Handbag) , jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) , lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) , activewear (/wiki/Activewear) , and denim (/wiki/Denim) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) It offers a personalized shopping experience based on members' indicated fashion preferences. [8] (#cite_note-forbes-8) As of 2019 the company has over 5 million paying VIP members (/wiki/Very_important_person) , earning revenues of $800 million. [2] (#cite_note-retaildive-2) [9] (#cite_note-wire-9) History [ edit ] TechStyle Fashion Group, originally operating under the name JustFab, company was founded by Don Ressler and Adam Goldenberg in March 2010. [8] (#cite_note-forbes-8) Its portfolio of brands collaborate with celebrities (/wiki/Celebrities) and influencers to build capsules (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) that resonate with their consumer base. [10] (#cite_note-sourcingjournal-10) In recent years, TechStyle Fashion Group's brands have collaborated with Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) , Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) , Maddie Ziegler (/wiki/Maddie_Ziegler) , Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) , and Normani. [11] (#cite_note-fashionunited-11) [12] (#cite_note-labusinesssjournal-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) In August 2019, TechStyle Fashion Appointed former Chief Media Officer Laura Joukovski to the company’s new President of Global Fashion Brands. [15] (#cite_note-wwd-15) In February 2020, TechStyle Fashion Group announced the appointment of Meera Bhatia as President of Expert Services. [9] (#cite_note-wire-9) In August 2020, TechStyle Fashion Group partnered with philanthropy, Good360 (/wiki/Good360) . JustFab and ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) donated $1.5 million worth of clothing apparel with the purpose to lessen excess inventory waste (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) . [16] (#cite_note-wwd2-16) JustFab [ edit ] Main article: JustFab (/wiki/JustFab) In August 2016, the company was officially rebranded from JustFab, Inc. to TechStyle Fashion Group. [17] (#cite_note-inc-17) JustFab was spun out (/wiki/Corporate_spin-off) as one of the company’s brands under the TechStyle collection of brands. [17] (#cite_note-inc-17) A television show about TechStyle brand JustFab and Simmons titled "Kimora: House of Fab" premiered on the Style Network (/wiki/Esquire_Network) in January 2013. The show covered daily life at the JustFab offices, Simmons’ role as president and creative director, and the duties of the company's marketing (/wiki/Marketing) , merchandising (/wiki/Merchandising) , and public relations (/wiki/Public_relations) departments. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) JustFab continued international expansion into Spain (/wiki/Spain) and France (/wiki/France) after acquiring The Fab Shoes in May 2013. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2016, JustFab launched an "all size" campaign to promote that it's ready-to-wear collection would now include sizes XS to 3X, 24-34 and 16W- 24W. [21] (#cite_note-21) In August 2017 JustFab was issued an ASA (/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)) ban for luring customers into a subscription via a promotion on its website. [22] (#cite_note-22) In November 2019, TechStyle appointed Daria Burke as Chief Marketing Officer of JustFab. [23] (#cite_note-bofashion-23) In 2020, JustFab was included on Elite Daily’s (/wiki/Elite_Daily) list of plus-sized (/wiki/Plus-size_clothing) brands to try. [24] (#cite_note-elitedaily-24) In July 2020, TechStyle Fashion Group Named Nina Fuhrman Chief Merchant for JustFab and ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) . [25] (#cite_note-apparelnews-25) Singer Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) produced a capsule for office clothing and lounge wear through JustFab in 2020. [26] (#cite_note-usmagazine-26) FabKids [ edit ] In January 2013, TechStyle, then JustFab, acquired children's fashion-subscription company FabKids. Despite the similarity in their names, there was no previous association between the two companies. [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) In September 2020, Entertainment Tonight Online (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) named FabKids on a list of the best kids shoes on the market. [29] (#cite_note-etonline-29) Shoedazzle [ edit ] Main article: ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) TechStyle (then JustFab) acquired rival shoe subscription service ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) in August 2013, but the two companies continued to run as separate brands. [30] (#cite_note-30) In July 2020 ShoeDazzle was recognized by Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) for its personalized loyalty program (/wiki/Loyalty_program) following collaborations with Jessie James Decker (/wiki/Jessie_James_Decker) , Erika Jane, Porsha Williams (/wiki/Porsha_Williams) and Aliya Janell. [31] (#cite_note-forbes2-31) Fabletics [ edit ] Main article: Fabletics (/wiki/Fabletics) Fabletics (/wiki/Fabletics) , an online athletic wear retailer, was founded by Adam Goldenberg, Don Ressler and Kate Hudson (/wiki/Kate_Hudson) in July 2013. In 2015, Fabletics was TechStyle's fastest growing label. [32] (#cite_note-Bloomberg-32) [33] (#cite_note-forbes3-33) In April 2019, Fabletics expanded to brick and mortar (/wiki/Brick_and_mortar) retail with its first store in Soho, Manhattan (/wiki/Soho,_Manhattan) . [34] (#cite_note-techcrunch2-34) Fabletics has opened 50 North American stores with eight of these locations opened after COVID-19 (/wiki/COVID-19) restrictions lifted in June 2020. [34] (#cite_note-techcrunch2-34) [35] (#cite_note-wwd3-35) In April 2020, Fabletics expanded to menswear (/wiki/Menswear) , signing Kevin Hart (/wiki/Kevin_Hart) as an investor and the face of the new brand (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) . [35] (#cite_note-wwd3-35) Savage X Fenty [ edit ] Main article: Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) In May 2018, TechStyle partnered with Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) to launch Savage X Fenty (/wiki/Savage_X_Fenty) , a lingerie, sleepwear, and accessories brand for women and men. [36] (#cite_note-newyorktimes-36) The original launch in 2018 included four capsule collections (/wiki/Capsule_wardrobe) in the main line, and the brand expanded and launched numerous capsules, often with celebrity partners Normani and Lizzo. [36] (#cite_note-newyorktimes-36) Associated with diversity (/wiki/Diversity_(business)) and body-positive (/wiki/Body_positivity) messaging, Savage X Fenty bras are available from a 32A to 44DD, with lingerie, undies, and loungewear coming in sizes from XS to 3XL. [36] (#cite_note-newyorktimes-36) Savage x Fenty has also made headline news for the last three consecutive years during New York Fashion Week, with the brand’s fashion shows frequently being dubbed as a highlight of the week. [37] (#cite_note-vanityfair-37) In March 2020, Fast Company (/wiki/Fast_Company) named Savage x Fenty one of the 10 most innovative style companies of 2020, alongside brands such as Madewell (/wiki/Madewell) and Levi Strauss & Co. (/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co.) [38] (#cite_note-fastcompany-38) In October 2020, Savage x Fenty launched the brand’s first menswear collection with Christian Combs (/wiki/Christian_Combs) , which debuted at the 2020 Fashion Show during New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [39] (#cite_note-blackenterprise-39) Funding [ edit ] In 2011, TechStyle (operating under the name JustFab) received $33 million in funding from US venture capital firm Matrix Partners (/wiki/Matrix_Partners) . [8] (#cite_note-forbes-8) [40] (#cite_note-40) In 2012 the company received an additional $76 million from Matrix Partners, Rho Ventures (/w/index.php?title=Rho_Ventures&action=edit&redlink=1) , Technology Crossover Ventures (/wiki/Technology_Crossover_Ventures) , and Intelligent Beauty [41] (#cite_note-41) and expanded its operations internationally to Canada (/wiki/Canada) , Germany (/wiki/Germany) , and the UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [42] (#cite_note-42) In September 2013, TechStyle's CEOs Adam Goldenberg and Don Ressler announced that the company closed $40 million in its third round of funding to accelerate its already-fast international growth and enter new product categories. [43] (#cite_note-43) In August 2014, TechStyle (then called JustFab) closed an additional round of funding for $85 million which was led by Passport Special Opportunity Fund and included participation from existing investors Shining Capital, Matrix Partners, and Technology Crossover Ventures. [44] (#cite_note-44) The additional round of funding brought the company's total capitalization to $250 million. [45] (#cite_note-Pando-45) Membership [ edit ] TechStyle’s Fashion Group operates a membership model (/wiki/Club_(organization)) — a subscription-like offering in which consumers are offered the opportunity to become members to one or more of the TechStyle brands to get discounted prices and other perks, such as exclusive clothing items. [46] (#cite_note-pymnts-46) Member prices fluctuate across brands. [47] (#cite_note-siliconbeat-47) [48] (#cite_note-vox-48) Members of JustFab, Shoedazzle, and Fabkids pay $39.95 per month while members of Fabletics and Savage pay $49.95 per month. [48] (#cite_note-vox-48) The registration process requires members to complete a survey regarding their fashion preferences. At the beginning of each month, a member can choose one of the selections, request new options, or skip the month altogether without charge. [49] (#cite_note-justfab-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) In February 2019, TechStyle reached more than 5-million members. [51] (#cite_note-techcrunch-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-tnw-53) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-businessoffash_1-0) "Is Rihanna's Savage X Fenty Lingerie Turning Its Hype Into Sales?" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/professional/rihanna-savage-fenty-victorias-secret-show-amazon-lingerie-megan-thee-stallion) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "TechStyle claims more than 5M active members" (https://www.retaildive.com/news/techstyle-claims-more-than-5m-active-members/549193/) . Retail Dive . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Is Kate Hudson's 'Fabletics' A Scam?" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fabletics-scam-kate-hudson_n_560c0da8e4b0af3706dede02) . HuffPost . 2015-09-30 . Retrieved 2021-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes_4-0) Maheshwari, Sapna (2020-02-11). "Rihanna's Lingerie Line Accused of Deceptive Marketing" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/business/rihannas-savage-x-fenty-deceptive-marketing.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2021-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Bain, Marc. "Rihanna's Savage x Fenty site uses a shady trick to sign up more members" (https://qz.com/quartzy/1698235/rihannas-savage-x-fenty-uses-dark-patterns-to-sign-up-more-members/) . Quartz . Retrieved 2021-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Tons Of People Have Gotten Screwed Over By Kate Hudson's Company Fabletics" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sapna/tons-of-people-have-gotten-screwed-over-by-kate-hudsons-athl) . BuzzFeed News . Retrieved 2021-01-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Customers complain about Rihanna's 'scam' lingerie company" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/rihanna-lingerie-savage-x-fenty-scam-reviews-a9334071.html) . The Independent . 2020-02-13. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/rihanna-lingerie-savage-x-fenty-scam-reviews-a9334071.html) from the original on 2022-05-26 . Retrieved 2021-01-21 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Tomio Geron, Forbes. " Former Intermix COO Raises $33M For Fashion Brand JustFabulous (https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2011/09/21/former-intermix-coo-raises-33m-for-fashion-brand-justfabulous/) ." Sept 21, 2011. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012. ^ Jump up to: a b "TechStyle Fashion Group Names Meera Bhatia President of Expert Services" (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200204005179/en/TechStyle-Fashion-Group-Names-Meera-Bhatia-President) . www.businesswire.com . 2020-02-04 . Retrieved 2020-03-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-sourcingjournal_10-0) "Musicians Navigate New Opportunities in Fashion" (https://sourcingjournal.com/denim/denim-trends/cardi-b-wap-rihanna-fenty-rita-ora-fashion-nova-235093/) . Sourcing Journal . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-fashionunited_11-0) "ShoeDazzle teams up with Rita Ora" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/shoedazzle-teams-up-with-rita-ora/2020100551227) . Fashion United UK . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-labusinesssjournal_12-0) "Fabletics Launches New Activewear Line with Demi Lovato" (https://labusinessjournal.com/news/2018/jan/02/fabletics-launched-new-line-demi-lovato/) . Los Angeles Business Journal . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Rachel Brown, Women's Wear Daily. " JustFab Links With Avril Lavigne's Abbey Dawn Line (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/direct-internet-catalogue/avril-lavigne-links-with-justfabcom-5623722) ." Feb 7, 2012. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Sacramento Bee. " JustFab.com Announces Exclusive Collection with Online Fashion and Beauty Gurus Elle and Blair Fowler (http://www.sacbee.com/2012/10/16/4915517/justfabcom-announces-exclusive.html) ." October 16, 2012. Retrieved Oct 22, 2012. [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-wwd_15-0) "TechStyle Fashion Appoints New President of Global Fashion Brands" (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/techstyle-appoints-new-president-of-global-fashion-brands-1203234199/) . WWD . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-wwd2_16-0) "Behind TechStyle's New Recurring Apparel Donation Program" (https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/techstyle-apparel-donation-good360-1203703505/) . WWD . Retrieved 29 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "JustFab No More: Recasting Itself As TechStyle Fashion Group" (https://www.inc.com/christine-lagorio/justfab-rebranding-techstyle.html) . Inc . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) TechCrunch. " Kimora: House Of Fab Brings TV Audiences Behind The Scenes At Fashion Startup JustFab (https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/23/house-of-fab/) ." January 23, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-19) WWD. " Kimora Lee Simmons' New TV Gig for JustFab (http://www.wwd.com/media-news/film-tv/kimora-lee-simmons-new-tv-gig-for-justfab-6505446) ." November 27, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-20) PandoDaily. " JustFab acquires The Fab Shoes in search of European domination, approaches $250M revenue rate (http://pandodaily.com/2013/05/23/with-250m-revenue-rate-in-site-justfab-acquires-the-fab-shoes-in-search-of-european-domination/) ." May 23, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Nieder, Alison. "New Sizes for JustFab" (https://www.apparelnews.net/news/2016/sep/05/new-sizes-fab-justfab/) . Retrieved 2016-12-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Stewart, Rebecca. "Shoe club JustFab hit with ASA ban after luring customers into 'subscription trap'" (http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/08/16/shoe-club-justfab-hit-with-asa-ban-after-luring-customers-subscription-trap) , thedrum.com , August 16, 2017, accessed September 12, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-bofashion_23-0) "Power Moves: MAC Cosmetics Names Marketing Lead, Tiffany Hires Ex-CEO of Barneys" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/power-moves/power-moves-mac-cosmetics-names-marketing-lead-tiffany-hires-ex-ceo-of-barneys) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-elitedaily_24-0) "12 Plus-Size Fashion Brands To Try In 2020 That Won't Break The Bank" (https://www.elitedaily.com/p/12-plus-size-fashion-brands-to-try-in-2020-that-wont-break-the-bank-22659841) . Elite Daily . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-apparelnews_25-0) "Nina Fuhrman Named Chief Merchant for JustFab and ShoeDazzle" (https://www.apparelnews.net/news/2020/jun/10/nina-fuhrman-named-chief-merchant-justfab-and-shoe/) . Apparel News . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-usmagazine_26-0) "Kelly Rowland Teams Up With JustFab for a Crazy Chic Collection — See Our Favorite Looks" (https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/pictures/kelly-rowland-for-justfab-fall-2020-launch-pics/anything-but-basic/) . Us Magazine . Retrieved 29 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) TechCrunch. " JustFab Acquires Subscription-Based Kids Clothing Service FabKids (https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/18/justfab-acquires-subscription-based-kids-clothing-service-fabkids/) ." January 18, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-28) PandoDaily. " Mother and child reunion: JustFab buys FabKids (http://pandodaily.com/2013/01/18/mother-and-child-reunion-justfab-buys-fabkids/) ." January 18, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-etonline_29-0) "The Best Kids Shoes: Sandals, Sneakers and More from Amazon" (https://www.etonline.com/the-best-kids-shoes-sandals-sneakers-and-more-from-amazon-147190) . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) UpStart Business Journal. " Why the JustFab-ShoeDazzle merger was a fashion do (http://upstart.bizjournals.com/money/loot/2013/08/22/why-justfab-and-shoedazzle-merged.html?page=all) ." August 22, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140221214132/http://upstart.bizjournals.com/money/loot/2013/08/22/why-justfab-and-shoedazzle-merged.html?page=all) February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-forbes2_31-0) "How This Company Revolutionized The Online Subscription Service With Stars Like Jessie James Decker" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/isisbriones/2020/03/18/justfab-shoedazzle-jessie-james-decker/) . Forbes . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bloomberg_32-0) Bhasin, Kim. "JustFab Is Reviewing Customer Service Practices as Complaints Pile Up" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-30/justfab-is-reviewing-customer-service-practices-as-complaints-pile-up) . Bloomberg . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-forbes3_33-0) O'Connor, Clare. "Fabletics, Kate Hudson's Controversial Athleisure Brand, Plans To Open 100 Stores" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2016/02/12/fabletics-kate-hudsons-controversial-athleisure-brand-plans-to-open-100-stores/#4b52643a75d1) . Forbes . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fabletics, the Activewear Brand from Kate Hudson, Launches NYC Pop-Up Shop" (https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/30/fabletics-the-activewear-brand-from-kate-hudson-launches-nyc-pop-up-shop/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved 29 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Kevin Hart to Be Face of Fabletics Men's Line" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/kevin-hart-kate-hudsons-fabletics-mens-1203559223/) . WWD . Retrieved 29 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Four Takeaways from Rihanna's New Lingerie Spectacle" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/style/rihanna-fenty-show-amazon.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-vanityfair_37-0) "inside the Epic World of Rihanna's Savage x Fenty" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2020/10/rihanna-savage-x-fenty-volume-2) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-fastcompany_38-0) "The 10 most innovative style companies of 2020" (https://www.fastcompany.com/90457916/style-most-innovative-companies-2020) . Fast Company . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-blackenterprise_39-0) "Rihanna Launches Men's Collection of Savage x Fenty Featuring Brand Ambassador Christian Combs" (https://www.blackenterprise.com/rihanna-launches-mens-collection-of-savage-x-fenty-featuring-brand-ambassador-christian-combs/) . Black Enterprise . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Leena Rao, " Gilt Groupe Investor Matrix Partners Leads $33M Round In Fashion Retail And Styling Platform JustFabulous (https://techcrunch.com/2011/09/21/gilt-groupe-investor-matrix-partners-leads-33m-round-in-fashion-retail-and-styling-platform-justfabulous/) .", TechCrunch.com Sept 21, 2011. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-41) Ingrid Lunden, " JustFab Just Nabbed Another $76M To Take Its Fashion Platform International And Beyond Shoes (https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/26/justfab-just-nabbed-another-76m-to-take-its-fashion-platform-international/) .", TechCrunch.com , July 26, 2012. Retrieved Aug 1, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-42) AllThingsD. " JustFab Raises $76 Million to Get Ahead in the Frothy Fashion Business (http://allthingsd.com/20120726/justfab-raises-76-million-to-get-ahead-in-the-frothy-fashion-business/) ." July 16, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "JustFab sews up $40M to become a global fast-fashion empire" (https://venturebeat.com/2013/09/26/justfab-sews-up-40m-to-become-global-fast-fashion-empire/) . Venturebeat.com . 26 September 2013 . Retrieved 5 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "JustFab raises $85M at what sources say is a $1B valuation" (http://pando.com/2014/08/28/breaking-justfab-raises-85m-at-what-sources-say-is-a-1b-valuation/) . Pando.com . 28 August 2014 . Retrieved 5 June 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pando_45-0) Carney, Michael. "JustFab raises $85M at what sources say is a $1B valuation" (https://pando.com/2014/08/28/breaking-justfab-raises-85m-at-what-sources-say-is-a-1b-valuation/) . Pando . Retrieved 19 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-pymnts_46-0) "Fabletics Backs Brick-and-Mortar Growth With OmniSuite Platform" (https://www.pymnts.com/news/retail/2020/fabletics-backs-brick-and-mortar-with-omnisuite/) . Pymnts . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-siliconbeat_47-0) "Fashio Site JustFab Buys Christina Applegate Company FabKids" (http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/01/18/fashion-site-justfab-buys-christina-applegate-company-fabkids/) . Silicon Beat . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "We may never know how many people have accidentally signed up to pay Rihanna $50 a month" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/8/28/20833663/rihanna-savage-fenty-vip-membership-fee-fabletics) . Vox . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-justfab_49-0) "How JustFab Works" (http://www.justfab.com/how-justfab-works.htm) . JustFab . Retrieved 27 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) Tricia Duryee, AllThingsD. " JustFabulous Secures $33 Million to Make Subscriptions Fashionable Again (http://allthingsd.com/20110921/justfabulous-secures-33-million-to-make-subscriptions-fashionable-again/) ." Sept 21, 2011. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-techcrunch_51-0) "TechStyle hits 5 Million Members for Its Retail Empire" (https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/22/techstyle-hits-5-million-members-for-its-retail-empire/) . TechCrunch . Retrieved 28 October 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) Andrea Chang, Los Angeles Times. " Online shoe clubs are in step with fashion-forward women (http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/29/business/la-fi-shoe-clubs-20111229) ." Dec 29, 2011. Retrieved Feb 22, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-tnw_53-0) Yeung, Ken. "JustFab gives its 10 million members access to children's clothing with acquisition of FabKids" (https://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/01/18/justfab-acquires-fabkids/) . The Next Web. 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American fashion model (born 1994) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Keke_Lindgard) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Keke_Lindgard) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . 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( April 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Keke Lindgard Lindgard walks for ADAM (/wiki/Adam_Lippes) in 2010 Born Katelin E. Lindgard ( 1994-08-15 ) August 15, 1994 (age 29) Kaʻaʻawa, Hawaii (/wiki/Ka%CA%BBa%CA%BBawa,_Hawaii) [2] (#cite_note-2) Nationality American (/wiki/United_States) Occupation Fashion model (/wiki/Fashion_model) Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Hazel Agency Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York, Paris, Barcelona) Why Not Model Management (Milan) Two Management (Copenhagen) Modelwerk (Hamburg) MP Stockholm (/wiki/MP_Management) (Stockholm) Nomad Management (Miami Beach) (mother agency) [1] (#cite_note-1) Katelin "Keke" Lindgard is an American fashion model. Early life [ edit ] Katelin Lindgard was born in Hawaii, and has a sister named Lilli. Career [ edit ] Lindgard signed with Wilhelmina Models (/wiki/Wilhelmina_Models) at age 15, and debuted at Rag & Bone (/wiki/Rag_%26_Bone) . She then walked for brands including Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Céline (/wiki/C%C3%A9line_(brand)) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(company)) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , Armani Privé (/wiki/Armani_Priv%C3%A9) , and Dior (/wiki/Dior) . [3] (#cite_note-3) She has done campaigns for Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , D&G (/wiki/D%26G) , Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) , and DKNY. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Lindgard walked in the 2016 Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%E2%80%99s_Secret_Fashion_Show) . [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Keke Lindgard - Model" (https://models.com/models/keke-lindgard) . models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Catching Up With Hawai'i's Own Victoria's Secret Runway Model, Keke Lindgard" (http://www.honolulumagazine.com/Honolulu-Magazine/February-2017/Catching-Up-With-Hawaiis-Own-Victorias-Secret-Runway-Model-Keke-Lindgard/) . Honolulu Magazine . 13 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Keke Lindgard - Model Profile" (http://nymag.com/fashion/models/klindgard/kekelindgard/) . NYMag . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Model Call: Keke and Lilli Lindgard" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/model-call-keke-and-lili-lindgard-6996923/) . WWD . 18 June 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet the New Girl: Keke Lindgard" (https://www.thecut.com/2009/10/meet_the_new_girl_keke_lindgar.html) . The Cut . 30 October 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Here Is Every Model Walking the 2016 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show" (https://www.elle.com/culture/news/g29053/victorias-secret-fashion-show-2016-models/) . Elle . 28 October 2016. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keke Lindgard (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Keke_Lindgard) . 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Bathing suit worn by Ursula Andress in the 1962 James Bond film, Dr. No White bikini of Ursula Andress Designer Ursula Andress (/wiki/Ursula_Andress) , Tessa Prendergast (/wiki/Tessa_Prendergast) [1] (#cite_note-comm-1) Year 1962 ( 1962 ) Type White cotton bikini The white bikini (/wiki/Bikini) worn by Ursula Andress (/wiki/Ursula_Andress) as Honey Ryder (/wiki/Honey_Ryder) in the 1962 James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) film, Dr. No (/wiki/Dr._No_(film)) , is cited as the most famous bikini of all time and an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history. [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph-2) [3] (#cite_note-PorterfieldPolette2009-3) [4] (#cite_note-Bensimon2006-4) [5] (#cite_note-Lindner2009-5) Andress's white bikini is regarded as monumental in the history of the bikini (/wiki/History_of_the_bikini) , and sales of the two-piece bikini rocketed after the appearance of Andress in Dr. No . [6] (#cite_note-Pedersen2004-6) The lower part of the bikini features a wide white British Army belt with brass buckles and fittings, and a scabbard on the left side to hold a large knife. History [ edit ] The first bikini had been worn at a Paris fashion show in 1946, but in the 1950s, the bikini was still seen as something of a taboo. [7] (#cite_note-Steele2005-7) Andress' bikini arrived at a key moment in the history of women's fashion, coming at the "birth of the sexual revolution": the 1960s. [8] (#cite_note-Jütting2007-8) In the corresponding scene of the source novel (/wiki/Dr._No_(novel)) , the character Honeychile Rider wears only a leather belt with a scabbard, and no bikini. [9] (#cite_note-9) Andress herself put the bikini up for sale in 2001, claiming to have found it in an attic. The suit fetched £41,125. The second time it was auctioned was in November 2020. While no sale price was given, the piece was expected to fetch about £500,000. [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph-2) [7] (#cite_note-Steele2005-7) [10] (#cite_note-Whittaker2009-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Design [ edit ] Andress designed the bikini along with Dr. No ' s costume designer Tessa Prendergast (/wiki/Tessa_Prendergast) , whom she first met while living in Rome (/wiki/Rome) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Andress reported that when she arrived in Jamaica for filming, no costumes were ready. She worked with director Terence Young and the costume designer to create something that fit her 5′6″, 36-24-36 frame. [1] (#cite_note-comm-1) [14] (#cite_note-LisantiPaul2002-14) It was made from ivory cotton and was the only one made and worn by her. [15] (#cite_note-newhaven-15) It is a white belted bikini. [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph-2) [6] (#cite_note-Pedersen2004-6) Reception [ edit ] The Dr. No bikini is cited as the best known bikini of all time and an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history. [3] (#cite_note-PorterfieldPolette2009-3) [4] (#cite_note-Bensimon2006-4) The moment in which Andress emerges from the sea in the white bikini has been cited amongst the greatest moments in film and one of its most erotic; in a 2003 UK Survey by Channel 4 (/wiki/Channel_4) , it was voted number one in "the 100 Greatest Sexy Moments" of cinema. [16] (#cite_note-CorkD'Abo2003-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) The scene has been widely emulated and parodied on screen since. [6] (#cite_note-Pedersen2004-6) The white bikini is regarded as perhaps the most important in the history of the bikini and sales of the two-piece bikini rocketed after the appearance of Andress in Dr. No . [6] (#cite_note-Pedersen2004-6) In a survey of 1000 women to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the bikini, Ursula Andress in her white bikini was voted "The Ultimate Bikini Goddess". [18] (#cite_note-18) Andress said that she owed her career to that white bikini, remarking, "This bikini made me into a success. As a result of starring in Dr. No as the first Bond girl (/wiki/Bond_girl) , I was given the freedom to take my pick of future roles and to become financially independent." [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph-2) [19] (#cite_note-Weekes2007-19) Homage [ edit ] The bikini and scene in Dr. No of Andress emerging from the water was emulated by Heather Graham (/wiki/Heather_Graham) in a scene from Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (/wiki/Austin_Powers:_The_Spy_Who_Shagged_Me) . [20] (#cite_note-shagged-20) It has also been emulated by Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , who wore an orange bikini with a toolbelt in the 2002 James Bond film Die Another Day (/wiki/Die_Another_Day) . [21] (#cite_note-Rutherford2007-21) When Daniel Craig (/wiki/Daniel_Craig) took over the role of James Bond in the 2006 film Casino Royale (/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)) , he appeared in a similar scene, emerging from the ocean wearing a pale blue pair of swim trunks. This thirteen-second shot, focused on Bond's body rather than that of a Bond Girl (/wiki/Bond_Girl) , was widely interpreted as a callback to Andress in Dr. No and featured heavily in the film's promotion, although Craig claims the resemblance did not occur to him until it was filmed. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) In the episode "Bond", from the BBC Radio detective drama Trueman and Riley (/wiki/Trueman_and_Riley) , the bikini is the prize possession of a collector and dealer in James Bond memorabilia at a hotel hosting a Bond convention, where another valuable item, the wedding ring from the film On Her Majesty's Secret Service (/wiki/On_Her_Majesty%27s_Secret_Service_(film)) , has apparently been stolen. See also [ edit ] Bikini in popular culture (/wiki/Bikini_in_popular_culture) Fur bikini of Raquel Welch (/wiki/Fur_bikini_of_Raquel_Welch) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Ursula Andress. Dr. No audio commentary . Dr. No, Ultimate Edition: MGM Home Entertainment. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Former Bond girl to sell Dr No bikini" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 13 January 2011 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Porterfield, Sally F.; Polette, Keith; Baumlin, Tita French (2009). Perpetual adolescence: Jungian analyses of American media, literature, and pop culture . SUNY Press. p. 118. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4384-2799-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b Bensimon, Kelly Killoren (5 June 2006). The bikini book . Thames & Hudson. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-500-51316-3 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lindner2009_5-0) Lindner, Christoph (4 August 2009). The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader . Manchester University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7190-8095-1 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Pedersen, Stephanie (30 November 2004). Bra: a thousand years of style, support and seduction . David & Charles. p. 72. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7153-2067-9 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ Jump up to: a b Steele, Valerie (2005). Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion . Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-684-31395-5 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jütting2007_8-0) Jütting, Kerstin (November 2007). "Grow Up, 007!" - James Bond Over the Decades: Formula Vs. Innovation . GRIN Verlag. p. 59. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-638-85372-9 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Dr. No by Ian Fleming, from Project Gutenberg Canada" (https://gutenberg.ca/ebooks/flemingi-drno/flemingi-drno-00-h.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-Whittaker2009_10-0) Whittaker, Andrew (June 2009). Britain: be fluent in British life and culture . Thorogood Publishing. p. 241. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85418-627-0 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Ursula Andress' Iconic Ivory Bikini as Honey Ryder in Dr. No" (https://www.bondsuits.com/ursula-andress-ivory-bikini-as-honey-ryder-in-dr-no/) . April 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Ursula Andress Dr. No bikini expected to fetch $500.000 on auction" (https://www.jamesbondlifestyle.com/news/ursula-andress-dr-no-bikini-expected-fetch-500000-auction) . 8 October 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ursula Andress. Dr. No audio commentary (/wiki/Audio_commentary) . Dr. No, Ultimate Edition: MGM Home Entertainment. ^ (#cite_ref-LisantiPaul2002_14-0) Lisanti, Tom; Paul, Louis (April 2002). Film fatales: women in espionage films and television, 1962–1973 . McFarland. p. 36. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7864-1194-8 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-newhaven_15-0) "Photos: On this day – July 5, 1946 – the first bikini goes on sale" (http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/#72) . New Haven Register . 5 July 2013 . Retrieved 23 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-CorkD'Abo2003_16-0) Cork, John; D'Abo, Maryam (27 May 2003). Bond girls are forever: the women of James Bond . Harry N. Abrams. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810943025 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Andress scene voted 'most sexy' (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3250386.stm) " (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3250386.stm) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . 30 November 2003 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Ursula Andress voted ultimate 'bikini goddess" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/6058000/Ursula-Andress-voted-ultimate-bikini-goddess.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . 20 August 2009 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Weekes2007_19-0) Weekes, Karen (2007). Women know everything!: 3,241 quips, quotes, & brilliant remarks . Quirk Books. p. 419. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59474-169-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-shagged_20-0) "Ursula Andress, Dr. No" (http://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/photo-gallery/23960962/image/24013555/Ursula-Andress-Dr) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . Retrieved 23 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rutherford2007_21-0) Rutherford, Paul (11 August 2007). A world made sexy: Freud to Madonna . University of Toronto Press. p. 167 (https://archive.org/details/worldmadesexyfre0000ruth/page/167) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8020-9256-4 . Retrieved 16 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Gwynne Watkins (4 November 2015). "The Making of Daniel Craig's Eye-Poppingly Iconic 'Casino Royale' Swimsuit Scene" (https://www.yahoo.com/movies/how-james-bonds-sexy-swim-scene-from-casino-155942525.html) . Yahoo! Movies . Retrieved 7 January 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Anita Singh (17 October 2008). "James Bond: Daniel Craig's most famous scene was 'an accident' (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3562206/James-Bond-Daniel-Craigs-most-famous-scene-was-an-accident.html) " (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3562206/James-Bond-Daniel-Craigs-most-famous-scene-was-an-accident.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 7 January 2016 . v t e James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) in film List (/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_films) Production (/wiki/Production_of_the_James_Bond_films) Portrayal (/wiki/Portrayal_of_James_Bond_in_film) Eon Productions (/wiki/Eon_Productions) Dr. No (/wiki/Dr._No_(film)) (1962) From Russia with Love (/wiki/From_Russia_with_Love_(film)) (1963) Goldfinger (/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)) (1964) Thunderball (/wiki/Thunderball_(film)) (1965) You Only Live Twice (/wiki/You_Only_Live_Twice_(film)) (1967) On Her Majesty's Secret Service (/wiki/On_Her_Majesty%27s_Secret_Service_(film)) (1969) Diamonds Are Forever (/wiki/Diamonds_Are_Forever_(film)) (1971) Live and Let Die (/wiki/Live_and_Let_Die_(film)) (1973) The Man with the Golden Gun (/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Golden_Gun_(film)) (1974) The Spy Who Loved Me (/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Loved_Me_(film)) (1977) Moonraker (/wiki/Moonraker_(film)) (1979) For Your Eyes Only (/wiki/For_Your_Eyes_Only_(film)) (1981) Octopussy (/wiki/Octopussy) (1983) A View to a Kill (/wiki/A_View_to_a_Kill) (1985) The Living Daylights (/wiki/The_Living_Daylights) (1987) Licence to Kill (/wiki/Licence_to_Kill) (1989) GoldenEye (/wiki/GoldenEye) (1995) Tomorrow Never Dies (/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Dies) (1997) The World Is Not Enough (/wiki/The_World_Is_Not_Enough) (1999) Die Another Day (/wiki/Die_Another_Day) (2002) Casino Royale (/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)) (2006) Quantum of Solace (/wiki/Quantum_of_Solace) (2008) Skyfall (/wiki/Skyfall) (2012) Spectre (/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)) (2015) No Time to Die (/wiki/No_Time_to_Die) (2021) Non-Eon films " Casino Royale (/wiki/Casino_Royale_(Climax!)) " (1954) Casino Royale (/wiki/Casino_Royale_(1967_film)) (1967) Never Say Never Again (/wiki/Never_Say_Never_Again) (1983) History (/wiki/Filming_of_James_Bond) 1960s (/wiki/Filming_of_James_Bond_in_the_1960s) 1970s (/wiki/Filming_of_James_Bond_in_the_1970s) 1980s (/wiki/Filming_of_James_Bond_in_the_1980s) 1990s (/wiki/Filming_of_James_Bond_in_the_1990s) 2000s (/wiki/Filming_of_James_Bond_in_the_2000s) Cast/characters Recurring characters (/wiki/List_of_recurring_characters_in_the_James_Bond_film_series) Recurring actors (/wiki/List_of_recurring_actors_in_the_James_Bond_film_series) Considerations for the role of James Bond (/wiki/List_of_actors_considered_for_the_James_Bond_character) Bond girls (/wiki/Bond_girl) Related Accolades (/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_James_Bond_films) Skyfall (/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Skyfall) No Time to Die (/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_No_Time_to_Die) Gun barrel sequence (/wiki/Gun_barrel_sequence) White bikini of Ursula Andress Motifs (/wiki/Motifs_in_the_James_Bond_film_series) Music (/wiki/James_Bond_music) Gadgets (/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_gadgets) Locations (/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_film_locations) Vehicles (/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_vehicles) Video games (/wiki/James_Bond_in_video_games) Parodies and spin-offs (/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_parodies_and_spin-offs) Category (/wiki/Category:James_Bond_in_film) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐tpwkt Cached time: 20240716045509 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.425 seconds Real time usage: 0.521 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1545/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61173/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1480/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 97022/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.282/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5368334/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 466.039 1 -total 48.40% 225.568 1 Template:Reflist 19.85% 92.532 1 Template:James_Bond_films 19.59% 91.312 2 Template:Cite_video 19.39% 90.380 1 Template:Navbox 14.76% 68.798 1 Template:Short_description 13.36% 62.278 11 Template:Cite_book 10.04% 46.804 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 9.62% 44.853 1 Template:Infobox 9.30% 43.362 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31795829-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716045509 and revision id 1225853455. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress&oldid=1225853455 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress&oldid=1225853455) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1960s fashion (/wiki/Category:1960s_fashion) 1962 clothing (/wiki/Category:1962_clothing) Dr. No (film) (/wiki/Category:Dr._No_(film)) Individual bikinis (/wiki/Category:Individual_bikinis) Film memorabilia (/wiki/Category:Film_memorabilia) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from June 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2020)
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< User:Alainr345 (/wiki/User:Alainr345) TRANSFERED TO PERMANENT LOCATION --> here (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Design&action=edit&redlink=1) Welcome to Wikipedia's portal for Design! ( Around 7000 articles so far and more than 1000 images) Illustration design, noun /dizajn/ : A number of artistic (applied art) and professional (applied science) disciplines which focus on mass-produced objects, visual communication or interior environments. Design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the object/communication/environment is created and what is generated from it (designs) through solutions of form, usability, ergonomics, engineering, marketing, brand development and sales. [...] (/wiki/Design) A Wikipedia (/wiki/Wikipedia) section relative to products created through Industrial design (/wiki/Industrial_design) , Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) or Interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) . See also related portals (/wiki/Portal:Contents/Portals) : Visual arts (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts) , Automobile (/wiki/Portal:Automobile) , Typography (/w/index.php?title=Portal:Typography&action=edit&redlink=1) , Video games (/wiki/Portal:Video_games) , Engineering (/wiki/Portal:Engineering) , Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) , Architecture (/wiki/Portal:Architecture) . t h e m a t i c i n d e x edit d e s i g n e r s (/wiki/Category:Designers) a b c Alvar Aalto (/wiki/Alvar_Aalto) • Eero Aarnio (/wiki/Eero_Aarnio) • Jacques Adnet (/wiki/Jacques_Adnet) • Vincent Alessi (/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Alessi&action=edit&redlink=1) • Carlo Alessi (/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Alessi&action=edit&redlink=1) • Ron Arad (/wiki/Ron_Arad) • André Arbus (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Arbus) • Gae Aulenti (/wiki/Gae_Aulenti) • Milo Baughman (/wiki/Milo_Baughman) • Mario Bellini (/wiki/Mario_Bellini) • Lina Bo Bardi (/wiki/Lina_Bo_Bardi) • Mario Botta (/wiki/Mario_Botta) • Ronan & Erwan Bouroullec (/wiki/Ronan_%26_Erwan_Bouroullec) • Marcel Breuer (/wiki/Marcel_Breuer) • Achille Castiglioni (/wiki/Achille_Castiglioni) • Pierre Chareau (/wiki/Pierre_Chareau) • Joe Colombo (/wiki/Joe_Colombo_(designer)) • Terence Conran (/wiki/Terence_Conran) d e f Robin Day (/wiki/Robin_Day) • Christian Dell (/wiki/Christian_Dell) • Donald Deskey (/wiki/Donald_Deskey) • Niels Diffrient (/wiki/Niels_Diffrient) • Nanna Ditzel (/wiki/Nanna_Ditzel) • Tom Dixon (/w/index.php?title=Tom_Dixon_(designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) • Henry Dreyfuss (/wiki/Henry_Dreyfuss) • James Dyson (/wiki/James_Dyson) • Charles Eames (/wiki/Charles_Eames) • Ray Eames (/wiki/Ray_Eames) • Preben Fabricius (/wiki/Preben_Fabricius) • Norman Foster (/wiki/Norman_Foster_(architect)) • Paul T. 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(/w/index.php?title=Cafeti%C3%A8re_La_Conica&action=edit&redlink=1) (1984, Aldo Rossi (/wiki/Aldo_Rossi) ) • Spirale ashtray (/w/index.php?title=Spirale_ashtray&action=edit&redlink=1) (1986, Achille Castiglioni (/wiki/Achille_Castiglioni) ) • Boiler Il Conico (/w/index.php?title=Boiler_Il_Conico&action=edit&redlink=1) (1986, Aldo Rossi (/wiki/Aldo_Rossi) ) • Juicy Salif (/wiki/Lemon_squeezer#As_a_decorative_object) (1990, Philippe Starck (/wiki/Philippe_Starck) ) • Anna G corkscrew (/w/index.php?title=Anna_G_corkscrew&action=edit&redlink=1) (1994, Alessandro Mendini (/wiki/Alessandro_Mendini) ) • Tea & coffee service JN (/w/index.php?title=Tea_%26_coffee_service_JN&action=edit&redlink=1) (2005, Jean Nouvel (/wiki/Jean_Nouvel) ) lamps Arco lamp (/w/index.php?title=Arco_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1) • Atollo lamp (/w/index.php?title=Atollo_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1) • Bourgie lamp (/w/index.php?title=Bourgie_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Ferruccio Laviani 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(/w/index.php?title=Boca_Sofa&action=edit&redlink=1) • Eames Lounge Chair Wood (/wiki/Eames_Lounge_Chair_Wood) (1945, Charles Eames (/wiki/Charles_Eames) & Ray Eames (/wiki/Ray_Eames) ) • La Chaise (/wiki/La_Chaise) (1948, Charles Eames (/wiki/Charles_Eames) & Ray Eames (/wiki/Ray_Eames) ) • Eames Lounge Chair (/wiki/Eames_Lounge_Chair) (1956, Charles (/wiki/Charles_Eames) & Ray Eames (/wiki/Ray_Eames) ) • Panton Chair (/wiki/Panton_Chair) (1959, Verner Panton (/wiki/Verner_Panton) ) • Coconut Chair (/w/index.php?title=Coconut_Chair&action=edit&redlink=1) (1955, George Nelson (/wiki/George_Nelson) ) • Wiggle Chair (/w/index.php?title=Wiggle_Chair&action=edit&redlink=1) (1972, Frank Gehry (/wiki/Frank_Gehry) ) • How High The Moon Chair (/w/index.php?title=How_High_The_Moon_Chair&action=edit&redlink=1) (1986, Shiro Kuramata (/wiki/Shiro_Kuramata) ) • Tom Vac Chair (/w/index.php?title=Tom_Vac_Chair&action=edit&redlink=1) (1999, Ron Arad (/wiki/Ron_Arad) ) • Algues 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Type of textile printing In streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) fashion, an all over print (also known as all-over-print) is a print (/wiki/Textile_printing) composed of a design that is repeated across the entire surface of a garment. The image is on both the front and back. Often, such prints are screen printed (/wiki/Screen_printed) . Other processes include dye-diffusion (/wiki/Dye-sublimation_printer) of the fabric itself and printed t-shirts. All over printing relies on synthetic fibers as they can best withstand the process. One way to check for all over printing is to be sure the pattern or design can be seen on the seam, hem, and around zippers. History [ edit ] Modern all over printing was facilitated by the invention of sublimation printing (/wiki/Sublimation_printing) in 1957 (not to be confused with commercial sublimation on cellulose in 1929, as the substrate is polyethylene terephthalate (/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate) (PET)). Rather, the commercial process was developed by Noel de Plasse in Lainere de Roubaix, France. [1] (#cite_note-1) Technique [ edit ] The process is similar to the process of dye-diffusion: a graphic is printed onto a sheet of high-release paper and then transferred onto fabric using high heat and pressure. Heat converts the solid dye particles into a gas through sublimation (/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)) . The liquid phase is skipped due to the instantaneous nature of the physical change. This immediacy bonds the released chemicals to the polyester fibers. Unlike screen printing and direct-to-garment digital printing (/wiki/Direct_to_garment_printing) , the process of printing sees dye absorbed directly into the fabric. The design is printed on 100% polyester (/wiki/Polyester) material. Often, this printing is done onto white fabric, as this base colour allows for the best applicability. Advantages and disadvantages [ edit ] Advantages of dye-sublimation over other methods of textile printing: [2] (#cite_note-2) Pictures do not peel off fabric, unlike typical screen printing. Dye does not mount on fabric. The intensity of colour is often unmatched due to the direct permeation of dye. No need to half-print screens or cut fabric. The continuous nature of the print allows all of the medium to be a canvas. Disadvantages: Speed is reduced due to continuous nature of printing. [3] (#cite_note-Drake/_Hann-3) Possibility of white creases and irregular printing per-batch. [4] (#cite_note-4) Some dyes work better than others. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gibson, Joseph W (1996). "History and Development of the Thermosol Process" (http://web.b.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=0040490X&AN=31828391&h=%2ftl9mOfeFVq35fsSJIOUwiveXR2rTZ3zEiUIqNlbdEUqM6qRkV2iBrYGc0i1mBwmtjhF%2feJ88rsqAVXBpzSYVA%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d0040490X%26AN%3d31828391) . Textile Chemist & Colorist . pp. 27–22 . Retrieved 2016-11-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sidles, Constance J. (2001). Graphic Designer's Digital Printing and Prepress Handbook . Rockport Publishers. pp. 26–27. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781564967749 . Retrieved 2011-10-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-Drake/_Hann_3-0) Chemical technology in Printing and Imaging Systems, ed. J A G Drake, 1993, pp. 73–85 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sublimation Printer for Heat Transfer (https://www.printablepress.com/best-sublimation-printers-reviews/) This article about textiles (/wiki/Textile) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Leo Passage in 2010 Leonardus Johannes Hubertus "Leo" Passage ([pɒ.'sɒʒ]; March 21, 1936 – May 11, 2011) was a Dutch-born American hairstylist, educator, innovator and philanthropist. He was the founder and CEO of Pivot Point International, a global hair and beauty education company he established in Chicago, Illinois (/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois) in 1962. [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-BIR146-2) As a hairstylist and cosmetology (/wiki/Cosmetology) educator, Passage received over 100 international awards and honors and influenced many prominent hairstylists. [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-BIR146-2) In 1988, he received the Spirit of Life Award from City of Hope for his philanthropic efforts. [3] (#cite_note-AACS97-3) He was named one of Modern Salon' s "50 Influential Hairdressers" in 2008, [4] (#cite_note-Modern50-4) and was inducted into the Cosmetology Hall of Fame in 1989. [5] (#cite_note-BehindChair-5) [6] (#cite_note-NCA75-6) Career [ edit ] By the age of 22, Passage had earned his Design Certificate and Master Diploma in the Netherlands (/wiki/The_Netherlands) and had received the Champions of Holland award, earning him a spot on the Dutch Olympic Hairdressing Team, among other honors. [3] (#cite_note-AACS97-3) [7] (#cite_note-StudioUSA-7) Passage emigrated to the United States in 1958. By 1960, he had earned World Supreme Hairdresser of the Year and was a National Cosmetology Association (NCA) Charles Award recipient. That year, the World Hairdressing Federation formed the first U.S. Olympic Hairdressing Team, and Passage became a member and trainer, qualifying him as a two-country hairdressing Olympian. [3] (#cite_note-AACS97-3) In 1962, Passage opened Pivot Point Beauty School in Chicago, which would later become Pivot Point International. [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) [3] (#cite_note-AACS97-3) At the time of Passage's death, Pivot Point's hair and beauty curriculum was taught in 2,000 schools in over 70 countries [8] (#cite_note-8) and in 15 languages. [5] (#cite_note-BehindChair-5) [9] (#cite_note-WSJ-9) Innovation [ edit ] Passage and Pivot Point International hold three U.S. patents on cosmetology educational aids [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) and Passage is credited with the development of cone-shaped rollers, which allowed stylists to create more complex patterns in contemporary hairstyles. [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) A competition-grade hair mannequin of Passage's design, "Mara," was the subject of a legal dispute beginning in 1990 when a competing distributor produced a mannequin, "Liza," that Passage alleged had infringed Mara's copyright. That case was unique enough for Mara and Liza to appear as teaching tools at Harvard Law School (/wiki/Harvard_Law_School) . [9] (#cite_note-WSJ-9) Legacy [ edit ] By Passage's death, Pivot Point's cosmetology curriculum had produced over 1 million alumni, [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) including Andre Walker (/wiki/Andre_Walker) . "Leo Passage is responsible for my cosmetology education," said Walker upon learning of Passage's death. "Being in his presence, I learned a tremendous amount about hair styling, but most of all, I learned that being kind and giving and professional was most important.... He was a major force." [2] (#cite_note-BIR146-2) In 2011, the annual Leo Passage Educator of the Year Award was established by Intercoiffure America/Canada (ICA) in Passage's memory, acknowledging ICA members who have made outstanding contributions to education. [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-DAYSPA-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Personal life [ edit ] Leo and Lenie Passage, mid-1960s Family [ edit ] Passage married Helena "Lenie" Plantaz (b. 29 May 1940) in the Netherlands on 19 November 1958. They emigrated to the United States two weeks later. [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-BIR146-2) The Passages had two children, Robert (b. 1960) and Corrine (1962–2012). [1] (#cite_note-SunTimes-1) [16] (#cite_note-16) Robert Passage is current Chairman and C.E.O. of Pivot Point International and serves on several cosmetology industry boards of directors. [17] (#cite_note-17) Honors and awards [ edit ] In 1988, Passage received the Spirit of Life Award from the City of Hope National Medical Center (/wiki/City_of_Hope_National_Medical_Center) . The Spirit of Life Award recognizes leaders in their industries who provide distinguished service to their communities. It is the highest honor given by the City of Hope. [3] (#cite_note-AACS97-3) In 1989, Passage was inducted into the Cosmetology Hall of Fame, considered to be the highest award within the industry. This was presented at the Hall of Fame Gala of NCA's 69th Annual Convention in July 1989. [6] (#cite_note-NCA75-6) [7] (#cite_note-StudioUSA-7) In 2005, he received the inaugural Pillar of Leadership in Education for support and service through education and inspiration. He also received a lifetime award from HairAmerica Ladies and Gents. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2008, Passage received the distinguished Visionary of the Year Award at the Intercoiffure America/Canada (ICA) meeting in recognition of his "revolutionary approach to hair design education and commitment to elevating the cosmetology industry through lifelong learning." [14] (#cite_note-DAYSPA-14) Also in 2008, he was named one of the 50 most influential hairdressers by Modern Salon magazine. [4] (#cite_note-Modern50-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g O'Donnell, Maureen. "Leo Passage – His Pivot Point school grew into international power", Chicago Sun-Times (/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times) , 24 May 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Nave, Mike (ed.). “Leo Passage, founder, Pivot Point Intl. (1936-2011)” (http://www.inspiringchampions.com/coaches/forms/BIR%20Reports/BIR_June%2011.pdf) , Beauty Industry Report , vol 14. no. 6, June 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e American Association of Cosmetology Schools. "Leo Passage 1997 N.F. Cimaglia Award Recipient", AACS News Report , December 1997 ^ Jump up to: a b “50 Influential Hairdressers: Impacting style through the decades” (http://www.modernsalon.com/article/15537/50-influential-hairdressers-educators) , Modern Salon , December 2008 ^ Jump up to: a b “The Pivot Point of Difference: For leader Leo Passage, education is by design” (http://behindthechair.com/displayarticle.aspx?ID=1174) [ permanent dead link ] , Behind the Chair , 2007 ^ Jump up to: a b National Cosmetology Association (1971). NCA 75th Anniversary Book , p. 123 ^ Jump up to: a b "NAHA Honors Two Champions", Studio U.S.A. , January–February 1993, pp. 112-113 ^ (#cite_ref-8) National-Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology, Inc. "Passing of a Giant: Leo Passage, 1936-2011", NIC Bulletin July/August 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b Davis, Ann. “Two Disembodied Blondes Are Playing Dumb in Court” (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB867101141909816000) , The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) , 24 June 1997 ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Hair cutting shears," U.S. Patent: USD302645 S, 8 August 1989 ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Magnetic three-dimensional analysis system for haircutting education", U.S. Patent: US5252074 A, 12 October 1993 ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Swivel base for a training aid", U.S. Patent: US9254029 B2, 9 February 2016 ^ (#cite_ref-13) “Leo Passage Educator of the Year Award” (http://www.styleicons.com.au/2011/11/08/leo-passage-educator-of-the-year-award/) , Style Icons , 8 November 2011 ^ Jump up to: a b “Luis Alvarez Receives First Annual Leo Passage Educator of the Year Award” (http://www.dayspamagazine.com/news/luis-alvarez-receives-first-annual-leo-passage-educator-year-award) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140702173057/http://dayspamagazine.com/news/luis-alvarez-receives-first-annual-leo-passage-educator-year-award) 2014-07-02 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) , DAYSPA , October 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-15) Nave, Mike (ed.). “Intercoiffure Atelier features star-studded line up” (http://www.inspiringchampions.com/coaches/forms/BIR%20Reports/BIR_Nov%2011.pdf) , Beauty Industry Report , vol. 14 no. 11, November 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-16) "DAYSPA Remembers Corrine Passage Bernin of Pivot Point International, Inc." (http://www.dayspamagazine.com/dayspa-remembers-corrine-passage-bernin-pivot-point-international-inc/) DAYSPA Magazine, 18 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Wilson, Dori. “Robert Passage of Evanston, 2nd VP of Cosmetologists Chicago, Announces Special Event to Honor Legendary Leo Passage, Founder of Evanston-Based Pivot Point” (http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/evanston/community/chi-ugc-article-robert-passage-of-evanston-2nd-vp-of-cosmeto-2015-02-24-story.html) , Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) , 24 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Pioneer Press. "People and Promotions", The Evanston Review , 16 June 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-19) National Accrediting Commission of Cosmetology Arts & Sciences. "Pivot Point Founder Receives Two Awards of Distinction", NACCAS NOW , vol.1 no. 5, May–June 2005 ^ (#cite_ref-20) Illinois Association of Cosmetology Schools. 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American company This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Andrew_Marc) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Andrew Marc" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Andrew+Marc%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Andrew+Marc%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Andrew+Marc%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Andrew+Marc%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Andrew+Marc%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Andrew+Marc%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Andrew Marc Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) of G-III Apparel Group (/wiki/G-III_Apparel_Group) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) Nasdaq (/wiki/Nasdaq) : GIII (https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/giii) S&P 600 Component (/wiki/S%26P_600) Industry Consumer Goods (/wiki/Consumer_Goods) Founded 1982 Headquarters Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , United States Key people Morris Goldfarb, CEO (/wiki/CEO) Stephen Budd, President (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) Chris Gbur, In-House Creative Director Products Textile (/wiki/Textile) - apparel clothing (/wiki/Apparel) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) G-III Apparel Group (/wiki/G-III_Apparel_Group) Website www.andrewmarc.com (http://www.andrewmarc.com) Andrew Marc is an American luxury (/wiki/Luxury_good) fashion (/wiki/Fashion) brand. The company originated as a leather (/wiki/Leather) goods label established in 1982. [1] (#cite_note-answers.com-1) The company is headquartered just south of Times Square (/wiki/Times_Square) in Midtown Manhattan (/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan) , New York City. [1] (#cite_note-answers.com-1) Management history [ edit ] The brand was founded in 1982. [1] (#cite_note-answers.com-1) In November 2004, GB Merchant Partners partnered with the company's founders as part of a leveraged recapitalization. In February 2008, the brand was acquired by G-III Apparel Group, Ltd. (NASDAQ: GIII). Merchandising [ edit ] Andrew Marc is a luxury apparel line focused primarily on men's and women's outerwear. The brand uses innovations in leather treatments including waxes (/wiki/Waxes) , distressing (/wiki/Distressing) , pigmentation (/wiki/Pigmentation) , oxidation (/wiki/Oxidation) and organic (/wiki/Organic_compound) dying processes. [1] (#cite_note-answers.com-1) It also operates the diffusion line (/wiki/Diffusion_line) Marc New York. [2] (#cite_note-2) Dog fur controversy [ edit ] In 2007, The Humane Society of the United States (/wiki/The_Humane_Society_of_the_United_States) reported that some Andrew Marc coats labelled as having fake fur were in fact trimmed with fur from Chinese domestic dogs. [3] (#cite_note-usatoday-2007-02-23-3) [4] (#cite_note-latimes-2007-02-24-4) In 2008, the Humane Society filed a lawsuit claiming that Andrew Marc labeled real fur as fake fur, or labeled raccoon dog (/wiki/Raccoon_dog) fur as common raccoon, fox or rabbit fur. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2009, through a court settlement with the Humane Society, Andrew Marc agreed to phase out raccoon dog fur usage by 2013 and improve its garment labeling practices. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2015, having failed to phase out raccoon dog fur usage by 2013, Andrew Marc settled a civil contempt lawsuit with the Humane Society. Andrew Marc was required to certify that it will never again sell raccoon dog fur, and to pay $25,000 to the Humane Society. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kimbally A. Medeiros [1] (http://www.answers.com/topic/andrew-marc) The Modern Fashion Encyclopedia "Andrew Marc" ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Is Marc New York same as Andrew Marc? – JanetPanic.com" (https://janetpanic.com/is-marc-new-york-same-as-andrew-marc/) . janetpanic.com . Retrieved 25 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-usatoday-2007-02-23_3-0) "Is your fur fake, or is it Fido" (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/retail/2007-02-23-dog-fur_x.htm) . usatoday.com . USA Today . Retrieved 20 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-latimes-2007-02-24_4-0) "Retailers pull fur-trimmed coats after dog hair is found" (http://articles.latimes.com/2007/feb/24/business/fi-dogfur24) . Associated Press. 24 February 2007 . Retrieved 20 May 2017 – via LA Times. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gaynair, Gillian. "Humane Society sues retailers, designers over fur" (http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-mislabeled-fur-lawsuit-112408-2008nov24-story.html) . The Associated Press . Retrieved 20 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Court Settlement Will End Raccoon Dog Fur Sales By Andrew Marc" (http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2009/03/hsus_andrew_marc_settlement.html) . www.humanesociety.org . The Humane Society of the United States . Retrieved 20 May 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Andrew Marc Settles Contempt Suit Over Raccoon Dog Fur Violations" (http://www.humanesociety.org/news/news_briefs/2015/05/andrew-marc-civil-contempt-fur-050715.html) . www.humanesociety.org . The Humane Society of the United States . Retrieved 20 May 2017 . 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Filipino actress, host, model and a beauty pageant contestant Sophia Senoron Senoron, Miss Multinational 2017 Born ( 1999-10-08 ) October 8, 1999 (age 24) California, United States Alma mater San Beda University (/wiki/San_Beda_University) Occupations Actress Host Model Height 1.63 m (5 ft 4 in) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Miss Multinational Philippines 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Multinational_Philippines) Miss Multinational 2017 Hair color Black Eye color Black Major competition(s) Miss World Philippines 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_Philippines_2017) (Winner - Miss Multinational Philippines 2017) Miss Multinational 2017 (Winner) Sophia Senoron [fn 1] (#cite_note-sur-1) (born October 8, 1999) is a Filipino actress, host, model and a beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Multinational 2017 on February 24, 2018, in New Delhi, India. [1] (#cite_note-2) She is the first representative of Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) to the said pageant and became the first titleholder of Miss Multinational pageant. She is also the youngest representative of Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) to any of the international beauty pageants. [2] (#cite_note-3) [3] (#cite_note-4) Pageantry and showbiz [ edit ] Miss World Philippines 2017 [ edit ] Sophia participated in the national pageant, Miss World Philippines 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_Philippines_2017) held on September 3, 2017, at the Mall of Asia Arena (/wiki/Mall_of_Asia_Arena) , Pasay (/wiki/Pasay) , Philippines. At the end of the event, she was crowned as Miss Multinational Philippines 2017 becoming the first representative of Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) to Miss Multinational pageant. [4] (#cite_note-5) Miss Multinational 2017 [ edit ] Sophia represented Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) at Miss Multinational 2017 held on February 24, 2018, at the Kingdom of Dreams, Gurgaon (/wiki/Gurgaon) , India where she was declared as the winner becoming the first ever titleholder of Miss Multinational pageant. During the competition, she also won the awards for Best in Interview, Miss Environment and Miss Speech. [5] (#cite_note-6) [6] (#cite_note-7) Post-Miss Multinational, acting and hosting career [ edit ] Senoron made her acting debut on the 2018 film Walwal . She later signed a contract with GMA Network (/wiki/GMA_Network) , along with fellow beauty queens Michelle Dee (/wiki/Michelle_Dee) and Laura Lehmann (/wiki/Laura_Lehmann) on July 2, 2018. [7] (#cite_note-8) [8] (#cite_note-9) In February 2021, Senoron started becoming a host in the 96th season (/wiki/NCAA_Season_96) of NCAA (/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_(Philippines)) , along with sports anchor and fellow Sparkle (/wiki/Sparkle_(talent_agency)) artist Martin Javier. Senoron became part of Voltes V: Legacy (/wiki/Voltes_V:_Legacy) in 2023, as she portray the role of Ally. Filmography [ edit ] Movie [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Source 2018 Walwal Shelby Debut movie [9] (#cite_note-10) [10] (#cite_note-11) Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes Network 2017 Tonight with Arnold Clavio (/wiki/Tonight_with_Arnold_Clavio) Herself Guest (with Laura Lehmann (/wiki/Laura_Lehmann) and Winwyn Marquez (/wiki/Winwyn_Marquez) ) GMA News TV (/wiki/GMA_News_TV) 2018 MARS (/wiki/Mars_(talk_show)) Guest Cain at Abel (/wiki/Cain_at_Abel) Julie Guest role GMA Network (/wiki/GMA_Network) 2019 Taste Buddies (/wiki/Taste_Buddies) Herself Guest GMA News TV (/wiki/GMA_News_TV) 2021 I Can See You: On My Way to You! (/wiki/I_Can_See_You_(TV_series)) Jackie Supporting role GMA Network (/wiki/GMA_Network) MARS Pa More (/wiki/Mars_(talk_show)) Herself Guest (with Martin Javier) Rise Up Stronger: The Road To NCAA Season 96 (/wiki/NCAA_Season_96) Host (with Martin Javier) GTV (/wiki/GTV_(Philippine_TV_network)) NCAA Season 96 - Rise Up Stronger: Opening Ceremony (/wiki/NCAA_Season_96) Host (with Martin Javier, Gabbi Garcia (/wiki/Gabbi_Garcia) , and Khalil Ramos (/wiki/Khalil_Ramos) ) Magpakailanman: Pasaway na Iskolar (/wiki/Magpakailanman) Marian Episode role GMA Network (/wiki/GMA_Network) 2022 Magpakailanman: Footless and Fearless (/wiki/Magpakailanman) - The Diego Garcia Story Samantha Game On!: NCAA Season 97 (/wiki/NCAA_Season_97) Herself Host (with Martin Javier) GTV (/wiki/GTV_(Philippine_TV_network)) NCAA Season 97: Stronger Together, Buo ang Puso - Opening Ceremony (/wiki/NCAA_Season_97) Host (with Martin Javier, Rabiya Mateo (/wiki/Rabiya_Mateo) , and Manolo Pedrosa) NCAA Season 97 volleyball tournaments (/wiki/NCAA_Season_97_volleyball_tournaments) Host / Sports commentator Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy ang Kuwento (/wiki/Pepito_Manaloto) Cara Guest role GMA Network (/wiki/GMA_Network) Mano Po Legacy: The Flower Sisters (/wiki/Mano_Po_Legacy:_The_Flower_Sisters) young Aurora Ty-Chua 2023 Voltes V: Legacy (/wiki/Voltes_V:_Legacy) Ally Chan Supporting Role Walang Matigas na Pulis sa Matinik na Misis Jessica Guest Role 2024 Abot-Kamay na Pangarap (/wiki/Abot-Kamay_na_Pangarap) Daphne Recurring Role Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-sur_1-0) Sophia Senoron was born in the United States of America. Thus, she does not possess her mother's maiden name which is Sordan. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "PH bet Sophia Senoron wins Miss Multinational pageant" (https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/specials/196973-sophia-senoron-miss-multinational-2017-2018-winner) . rappler.com . February 26, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "7 fun facts: Meet Miss Multinational PH 2017 Sophia Senoron" (https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/specials/196158-fun-facts-sophia-senoron-miss-multinational-philippines-2017) . rappler.com . February 16, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "How petite Pinay won Philippines' first Miss Multinational" (https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2018/06/26/1828094/watch-how-petite-pinay-won-philippines-first-miss-multinational) . philstar.com . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "10 stunning photos of Miss Multinational Sophia Senoron" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/02/27/18/10-stunning-photos-of-miss-multinational-sophia-senoron) . news.abs-cbn.com . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "PH's Sophia Senoron wins first-ever Miss Multinational" (https://www.manilatimes.net/phs-sophia-senoron-wins-first-ever-miss-multinational/383085/) . manilatimes.net . February 27, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Miss Philippines Sophia Senoron wins Miss Multinational 2018" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/miss-philippines-sophia-senoron-wins-miss-multinational-2018-5080113/) . indianexpress.com . February 27, 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bigtas, Jannielyn Ann (July 3, 2018). "Now a Kapuso: Beauty queens Laura Lehmann and Sophia Senoron sign exclusive contracts with GMA Network" (https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/659007/now-a-kapuso-beauty-queens-laura-lehmann-and-sophia-senoron-sign-exclusive-contracts-with-gma-network/story/) . GMA News Online . Retrieved November 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Sophia Senoron joins GMA Network" (https://ph.news.yahoo.com/sophia-senoron-joins-gma-network-060800710.html) . ph.news.yahoo.com . Retrieved November 6, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Sophia Senoron thinks Kisses Delavin has what it takes to join global beauty pageants" (https://push.abs-cbn.com/2018/6/20/fresh-scoops/sophia-senoron-thinks-kisses-delavin-has-what-it-t-186271) . push.abs-cbn.com . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Watch the official trailer of 'Walwal' (https://push.abs-cbn.com/2018/6/1/fresh-scoops/watch-the-official-trailer-of-walwal-185177) " (https://push.abs-cbn.com/2018/6/1/fresh-scoops/watch-the-official-trailer-of-walwal-185177) . push.abs-cbn.com . External links [ edit ] Sophia Senoron (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9937857/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) https://www.gmanetwork.com/sparkle/artists/sophiasenoron (https://www.gmanetwork.com/sparkle/artists/sophiasenoron) Awards and achievements Preceded by First Winner Miss Multinational 2017 Succeeded by Daniela Nieto Preceded by First Winner Miss Multinational Philippines (/wiki/Miss_Multinational_Philippines) 2017 (/wiki/Miss_World_Philippines_2017) Succeeded by Kimi Mugford This Filipino biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Senoron&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article about a contestant in a beauty pageant is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Submission declined on 9 July 2024 by AlphaBetaGamma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:AlphaBetaGamma) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:AlphaBetaGamma) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help (/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC_help_disclaimer) from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Avessa%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Avessa%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Avessa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Avessa%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Avessa%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Avessa%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Avessa%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Avessa%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Avessa) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Avessa&defaults=y) Declined by AlphaBetaGamma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:AlphaBetaGamma) 13 days ago. Last edited by AlphaBetaGamma (/wiki/User:AlphaBetaGamma) 13 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Caiotb11&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 8 June 2024 by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:SafariScribe) ). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) . Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) and Citing sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) . Declined by SafariScribe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SafariScribe) 44 days ago. Fashion magazine in Miami, FL Avessa [1] (#cite_note-1) , a quarterly fashion and lifestyle magazine and digital blog, with its avant-garde news, fashion, culture, living, and runway coverage. It is a member of the Avessa Media group. Avessa Editor in Chief Flavio Iryoda Frequency Quarterly Country United States Based in Miami (/wiki/Miami) , FL (/wiki/Florida_(state)) U.S. Website https://avessa.com/ (https://avessa.com/) Avessa, headquartered in Miami, embarked on its journey in December 2019 as a bimonthly magazine. However, it quickly adapted to the changing times and shifted its focus to small-batch prints. In 2021, Avessa leaped into the digital world, introducing a corresponding digital magazine with additional articles that complement the quarterly themes. Avessa [2] (#cite_note-2) has featured numerous emerging designers and artists but primarily concentrates on forward-looking fashion and how cultural ebbs and flows impact what we wear. History [ edit ] 2019 – 2021 [ edit ] Flavio Augusto Iryoda [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) , a self-taught photographer, founded Avessa to highlight fashion in a way that was no longer available. The magazine’s mission is to be a vehicle of creativity and fantasies brought to life in unique fashion editorials. Flavio’s purpose has always been to demonstrate to the world how the art of fashion can be highlighted with strong visuals mixed with the inspirations of emerging designers. Avessa [5] (#cite_note-5) never intended to follow celebrity-driven themes; instead, the magazine emphasized fashion-forward ideas and the fact that fashion is another art form. Contributors to the magazine have come from South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, with themes ranging from environmentalism to gender discussions and how the fashion industry plays a part. 2021 – Present [ edit ] In the summer of 2021, Avessa began interweaving serious journalism and cultural discussions into its fashion editorials. The purpose was to encourage writers and editors to highlight personal stories and opinions that had remained untold until now. The magazine prides itself on being insightful, provocative, and respectful as it showcases the art of fashion. Avessa incorporates points of view from not only fashion professionals but also economists, philosophers, and contemporary writers in its pursuit of showcasing glamour with intelligence. Style and Influence [ edit ] Avessa disdains celebrity-driven culture, not because it is a popular rebellious point of view but because it lacks depth of meaning. Focusing on emerging fashion, literary, and artistic creators leads its target audience to think more seriously about the issues confronting the world. Avessa is created to discuss provocative topics and emphasize the swirling points of view that abound. Fast Fashion [6] (#cite_note-6) [ edit ] Discussion of how digital nativism and the cult of “immediate fashion” combine to ruin the environment and increase the superficiality of culture. Fashion is meant to uplift, inspire, and enchant, yet social hypocrisy, rapacious fashion trends, and a clever supply chain have intertwined to lead us into environmental and ethical disaster. Lost American Dreams [7] (#cite_note-7) [ edit ] Reflective view of how contemporary American culture has devolved into a cacophony of discordant and hypocritical voices screaming in disagreement. The article questions why working-class Americans are so disillusioned. Why do they want the rest of us to burn? Feminism and Fashion [ edit ] This is a review of how feminism as a social movement has unified its supporters and how it has used fashion to remain relevant. For many women, fashion is the ultimate act of belonging. For others, it is an act and language of resistance. Editors and Writers [ edit ] Country Name Title Specialty Brazil and Japan Flavio Iryoda [8] (#cite_note-8) Editor in chief Visual art and strategist Mexico Jose-Angel Alfonso de Hoyos Acosta Chief Creative Writing Officer Culture and Fashion Uruguay Mena Lombard Chief Artistic Officer Designer and Fashion History United States Charlene Parsons Editor Fashion strategist Colombia Vigina Mayer Writer Feminist reflections Ukraine Liubov Lavreniuk Writer Fashion in a war-torn world United States Dana Yurglich Visual Editor Fashion opinion and stylist United States Carlos Marrero Visual Editor Fashion reviews United Kingdom Ibtissam El Azami Writer Philosophy and Art India Manish Kumar Arora Writer Astrologer and Philosopher ^ (#cite_ref-1) "AVESSA: Fashion & Culture Magazine" (https://avessa.com/) . AVESSA . Retrieved 2024-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "PRESS" (https://www.tacouture.com/press) . TA Couture . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stories, Local (2021-09-02). "Meet Flavio Iryoda of AVESSA Media Group - Voyage MIA Magazine | Miami City Guide" (https://voyagemia.com/interview/meet-flavio-iryoda-of-avessa-media-group/) . voyagemia.com . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Flávio Iryoda - Flávio IRYODA" (https://voyagemia.com/interview/meet-flavio-iryoda-of-avessa-media-group/) . flavioiryoda.com . 2 September 2021 . Retrieved 2024-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "AVESSA Media Group (2020 Winner: Global Excellence Awards)" (https://www.lux-review.com/winners/avessa-media-group/) . LUXlife Magazine . Retrieved 2024-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) UART (2023-08-05). "Ukrainian artists in the new issue of AVESSA MAG" (https://uart.gallery/ukrainian-artists-in-the-new-issue-of-avessa-mag-miami-usa/) . UART Gallery . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hoyos-Acosta, Alfonso de (2023-08-09). "Lost Dreams" (https://avessa.com/lost-dreams/) . AVESSA . Retrieved 2024-06-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Stories, Local (2021-09-02). "Meet Flavio Iryoda of AVESSA Media Group - Voyage MIA Magazine | Miami City Guide" (https://voyagemia.com/interview/meet-flavio-iryoda-of-avessa-media-group/) . voyagemia.com . Retrieved 2024-06-26 . 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American fashion brand and manga publisher Massive Goods Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 2013 Founders Anne Ishii (/wiki/Anne_Ishii) Graham Kolbeins (/wiki/Graham_Kolbeins) Fate On hiatus (as of June 2019) Headquarters New York, NY (/wiki/New_York,_NY) , United States Area served North America (/wiki/North_America) Products Gay manga (/wiki/Gay_manga) , clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Website massive-goods (http://massive-goods.com) .com (http://massive-goods.com) Massive Goods (or simply Massive ) is a fashion brand and manga (/wiki/Manga) publisher. The company works with LGBTQ (/wiki/LGBTQ) and feminist comic artists (/wiki/Comic_artists) in Japan (/wiki/Japan) , particularly gay manga (/wiki/Gay_manga) ( bara ) artists, to create products featuring their artwork, and English-language translations of their works. History [ edit ] Massive was founded in 2013 by Anne Ishii (/wiki/Anne_Ishii) and Graham Kolbeins (/wiki/Graham_Kolbeins) concurrent with the release of The Passion of Gengoroh Tagame: Master of Gay Erotic Manga ( Picturebox (/wiki/Picturebox) ), the first English-language publication of works by Gengoroh Tagame (/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame) , which Ishii and Kolbeins co-edited with Chip Kidd (/wiki/Chip_Kidd) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Massive first released a line of t-shirts featuring artwork by Tagame and Jiraiya (/wiki/Jiraiya_(artist)) , [2] (#cite_note-GALORE-2) which gained popularity in the LGBTQ hip-hop scene (/wiki/LGBTQ_representations_in_hip_hop_music) . [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) On June 7, 2019, Massive went on hiatus. While the company continues to fulfill online orders, it is not presently planning new product launches or events. [4] (#cite_note-HIATUS-4) Fashion [ edit ] In partnership with other brands, Massive has launched several fashion and accessory lines, primarily featuring Jiraiya's artwork. In June 2014, Massive, Jiraiya, and Opening Ceremony (/wiki/Opening_Ceremony_(brand)) launched a product line to commemorate Pride Month (/wiki/Pride_Month) which featured apparel, accessories, and a Tenga (/wiki/Tenga_(company)) sex toy. [3] (#cite_note-NYT-3) [5] (#cite_note-GAYLETTER-5) That same year, Mission Chinese Food (/wiki/Danny_Bowien) and Massive released a t-shirt collaboration, also featuring art by Jiraiya. [6] (#cite_note-MISSION-6) A second collaboration with Opening Ceremony and Jiraiya, "Power-Up Massive", launched in 2015, [7] (#cite_note-OC2015-7) [8] (#cite_note-POWERUP-8) along with a line of swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) with artwork by Jiraiya created by Pretty Snake, the fashion brand founded by Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) contestant Joe Segal. [9] (#cite_note-PRETTYSNAKE-9) Publishing [ edit ] In December 2014, Fantagraphics (/wiki/Fantagraphics) published Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It (/wiki/Massive:_Gay_Erotic_Manga_and_the_Men_Who_Make_It) , the first English-language anthology of gay manga (/wiki/Gay_manga) . [10] (#cite_note-HUFFPO-10) Co-edited by Ishii, Kolbeins, and Kidd, Massive was nominated for an Eisner Award (/wiki/Eisner_Award) for Best Anthology (/wiki/Eisner_Award_for_Best_Anthology) . [11] (#cite_note-EISNER-11) Massive has published several English-language translations of dōjinshi (/wiki/D%C5%8Djinshi) , including Cretian Cow by Gengoroh Tagame, [12] (#cite_note-GUU-12) and Caveman Guu and Two Hoses by Jiraiya. [12] (#cite_note-GUU-12) [13] (#cite_note-HOSES-13) In 2016, Massive co-produced with Koyama Press (/wiki/Koyama_Press) an English-language translation of What is Obscenity?: The Story of a Good For Nothing Artist and her Pussy , a graphic novel memoir by Rokudenashiko (/wiki/Rokudenashiko) . [14] (#cite_note-WIO-14) The memoir was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times_Book_Prize) . [15] (#cite_note-LATIMES-15) That same year, Massive began work with Pantheon Books (/wiki/Pantheon_Books) on the English-language translation of My Brother's Husband (/wiki/My_Brother%27s_Husband) , Gengoroh Tagame's first all-ages manga. [16] (#cite_note-HUSBAND-16) The first volume in the series, translated by Ishii, won an Eisner Award (/wiki/Eisner_Award) for Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia (/wiki/Eisner_Award_for_Best_U.S._Edition_of_International_Material%E2%80%94Asia) . [17] (#cite_note-EISNERMBH-17) Massive Gay Manga, a publishing imprint (/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)) set to launch under Bruno Gmünder Verlag (/wiki/Bruno%27s_(German_company)) in 2017, was cancelled following the dissolution of the company. [18] (#cite_note-BRUNO-18) Artists represented [ edit ] Gengoroh Tagame (/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame) Jiraiya (/wiki/Jiraiya_(artist)) Seizou Ebisubashi Inu Yoshi Rokudenashiko (/wiki/Rokudenashiko) Publications [ edit ] The Passion of Gengoroh Tagame: Master of Gay Erotic Manga . PictureBox (/wiki/PictureBox) , 2013; Bruno Gmünder (/wiki/Bruno_Gm%C3%BCnder_Verlag) , 2016. Edited by Anne Ishii (/wiki/Anne_Ishii) , Graham Kolbeins (/wiki/Graham_Kolbeins) , and Chip Kidd (/wiki/Chip_Kidd) ; collecting works by Gengoroh Tagame (/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame) Caveman Guu . 2013. Story and art by Jiraiya (/wiki/Jiraiya_(artist)) . [12] (#cite_note-GUU-12) Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It (/wiki/Massive:_Gay_Erotic_Manga_and_the_Men_Who_Make_It) . Fantagraphics (/wiki/Fantagraphics) , 2014. Edited by Anne Ishii, Graham Kolbeins, and Chip Kidd; collecting works by Gengoroh Tagame, Inu Yoshi, Kumada Poohsuke (/w/index.php?title=Kumada_Poohsuke&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%94%B0%E3%83%97%E3%82%A6%E5%8A%A9) ] , Takeshi Matsu (/wiki/Takeshi_Matsu) , Jiraiya, Gai Mizuki (/wiki/Gai_Mizuki) , Fumi Miyabi, Seizoh Ebisubashi, and Kazuhide Ichikawa Cretian Cow . 2015. Story and art by Gengoroh Tagame [19] (#cite_note-COW-19) What is Obscenity?: The Story of a Good For Nothing Artist and her Pussy . Co-production with Koyama (/wiki/Koyama_Press) , 2016. Story and art by Rokudenashiko (/wiki/Rokudenashiko) . Two Hoses . 2017. Story and art by Jiraiya. [13] (#cite_note-HOSES-13) My Brother's Husband (/wiki/My_Brother%27s_Husband) . Volume 1. Pantheon (/wiki/Pantheon_Books) , 2017. Story and art by Gengoroh Tagame. My Brother's Husband . Volume 2. Pantheon, 2018. Story and art by Gengoroh Tagame. Gengoroh Tagame: Sketchbook . 2018. Collecting works by Gengoroh Tagame. [20] (#cite_note-SKETCH-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Randle, Chris (December 31, 2014). "Size Matters: An Interview With Anne Ishii" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230930155549/https://www.thehairpin.com/2014/12/size-matters-an-interview-with-anne-ishii/) . The Hairpin (/wiki/The_Hairpin) . Archived from the original on September 30, 2023 . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-GALORE_2-0) Girl, Galore (June 27, 2014). "PRIDE: Anne Ishii of MASSIVE on Jiraiya Opening Ceremony Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180904011243/https://galoremag.com/pride-anne-ishii-of-massive-on-jiraiya-opening-ceremony-collection/) . Galore . Archived from the original (https://galoremag.com/pride-anne-ishii-of-massive-on-jiraiya-opening-ceremony-collection/) on September 4, 2018 . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Trebay, Guy (June 23, 2014). "Opening Ceremony Turns to Manga Comic Artist for Gay Pride Week" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/fashion/opening-ceremony-turns-to-manga-comic-artist-for-gay-pride-week.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-HIATUS_4-0) "Dear MASSIVE Family" (https://www.instagram.com/p/BybDQU6H5O5/) . Instagram (@massivegay) . June 7, 2019 . Retrieved July 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-GAYLETTER_5-0) Torres, Eric (June 20, 2014). "Massive for Opening Ceremony" (http://gayletter.com/massive-for-opening-ceremony/) . Gayletter . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-MISSION_6-0) Kolbeins, Graham (November 24, 2014). "MASSIVE x Mission Chinese Food" (https://gaymanga.tumblr.com/post/102462364347/massive-x-mission-chinese-food-massive-has-teamed) . Gay Manga! . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-OC2015_7-0) Penzlein, Isabel Asha (June 24, 2015). "Power-Up Massive" (http://blog.openingceremony.com/entry.asp?pid=11289&main062415) . Opening Ceremony (/wiki/Opening_Ceremony_(brand)) . Retrieved September 3, 2018 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-POWERUP_8-0) Kolbeins, Graham (June 24, 2015). "MASSIVE for Opening Ceremony Summer '15 Lookbook" (https://gaymanga.tumblr.com/post/122358945127/the-massive-for-opening-ceremony-summer-15) . Gay Manga! . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-PRETTYSNAKE_9-0) Kolbeins, Graham (December 4, 2015). "MASSIVE x Pretty Snake" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160601004203/http://massive-goods.tumblr.com/post/134544468737/massive-x-pretty-snake-jiraiya-swim-briefs-get) . Gay Manga! . Archived from the original (https://massive-goods.tumblr.com/post/134544468737/massive-x-pretty-snake-jiraiya-swim-briefs-get) on June 1, 2016 . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-HUFFPO_10-0) Nichols, James (February 2, 2015). " (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/02/massive-gay-japanese-manga_n_6587654.html) 'Massive: Gay Erotic Manga And The Men Who Make It,' Chronicles Gay Japanese Manga" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/02/massive-gay-japanese-manga_n_6587654.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-EISNER_11-0) Asselin, Janelle (April 22, 2015). "2015 Eisner Award Nominations Announced" (http://comicsalliance.com/2015-eisner-award-nominations/) . ComicsAlliance (/wiki/ComicsAlliance) . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Caveman Guu" (https://www.printedmatter.org/catalog/tables/854/39986) . Printed Matter . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b "TWO HOSES by Jiraiya" (https://massive-goods.com/products/two-hoses-by-jiraiya) . Massive Goods . February 14, 2017 . Retrieved September 3, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-WIO_14-0) Kirby, Robert (April 28, 2016). "What Is Obscenity? The Story of a Good for Nothing Artist and Her Pussy" (http://www.tcj.com/reviews/what-is-obscenity-the-story-of-a-good-for-nothing-artist-and-her-pussy/) . The Comics Journal (/wiki/The_Comics_Journal) . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-LATIMES_15-0) Schaub, Michael (February 22, 2017). "L.A. Times Book Prize finalists include Zadie Smith and Rep. John Lewis; Thomas McGuane will be honored" (http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-latimes-book-prize-finalists-20170222-story.html/) . The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-HUSBAND_16-0) Green, Scott (September 25, 2016). "Massive Goods Teams Up With Pantheon For Omnibus Of Canadian-Set "My Brother's Husband" (http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/09/25-1/massive-goods-teams-up-with-pantheon-for-omnibus-of-canadian-set-my-brothers-husband) " (http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/09/25-1/massive-goods-teams-up-with-pantheon-for-omnibus-of-canadian-set-my-brothers-husband) . Crunchyroll (/wiki/Crunchyroll) . Retrieved September 7, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-EISNERMBH_17-0) McMillan, Graeme (July 21, 2018). "2018 Eisner Awards: The Complete Winners List" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/2018-eisner-awards-complete-winners-list-1128983) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Retrieved September 7, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-BRUNO_18-0) Iddamsetty, Anshuman (February 6, 2019). "The Asian Gay Thing" (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/vanguard-by-shopify-studios/id1437172914?mt=2) . Vanguard (Podcast). Shopify Studios. Event occurs at 15:40 . Retrieved February 6, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-COW_19-0) "Cretian Cow by Gengoroh Tagame" (https://massive-goods.com/products/cretian-cow-by-gengoroh-tagame) . Massive Goods . 2015 . Retrieved September 3, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-SKETCH_20-0) "Gengoroh Tagame Sketchbook" (https://massive-goods.com/products/gengoroh-tagame-sketchbook) . Massive Goods . October 23, 2018 . Retrieved October 23, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Massive Goods official website (https://massive-goods.com/) v t e Japanese gay art (/wiki/Bara_(genre)) Artists Sanshi Funayama (/wiki/Sanshi_Funayama) Sadao Hasegawa (/wiki/Sadao_Hasegawa) Go Hirano (/wiki/Go_Hirano) Jiraiya (/wiki/Jiraiya_(artist)) Ben Kimura (/wiki/Ben_Kimura_(artist)) Takeshi Matsu (/wiki/Takeshi_Matsu) Go Mishima (/wiki/Go_Mishima) Gai Mizuki (/wiki/Gai_Mizuki) Rune Naito (/wiki/Rune_Naito) Tatsuji Okawa (/wiki/Tatsuji_Okawa) Gengoroh Tagame (/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame) Sansuke Yamada (/wiki/Sansuke_Yamada) Junichi Yamakawa (/wiki/Junichi_Yamakawa) Publications Badi (/wiki/Badi_(magazine)) Barazoku (/wiki/Barazoku) G-men (/wiki/G-men_(magazine)) Samson (/wiki/Samson_(magazine)) Works Kuso Miso Technique (/wiki/Kuso_Miso_Technique) Massive: Gay Erotic Manga and the Men Who Make It (/wiki/Massive:_Gay_Erotic_Manga_and_the_Men_Who_Make_It) Other Massive Goods Tokyo Afterschool Summoners (/wiki/Tokyo_Afterschool_Summoners) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐whm98 Cached time: 20240714222932 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.527 seconds Real time usage: 0.661 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2786/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 55937/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3878/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86133/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.342/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6888052/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 612.610 1 -total 45.25% 277.191 2 Template:Reflist 32.58% 199.582 19 Template:Cite_web 19.25% 117.924 1 Template:Infobox_company 17.34% 106.205 1 Template:Infobox 13.51% 82.755 1 Template:Gay_manga 13.06% 79.997 1 Template:Navbox 12.96% 79.419 1 Template:Short_description 7.88% 48.258 2 Template:Pagetype 5.75% 35.235 1 Template:Dead_link Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58389659-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714222932 and revision id 1234545952. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massive_Goods&oldid=1234545952 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massive_Goods&oldid=1234545952) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2013 establishments in New York City (/wiki/Category:2013_establishments_in_New_York_City) Book publishing companies based in New York (state) (/wiki/Category:Book_publishing_companies_based_in_New_York_(state)) Clothing brands of the United States (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_of_the_United_States) Clothing companies established in 2013 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2013) Gay art (/wiki/Category:Gay_art) Gay male pornographic comics (/wiki/Category:Gay_male_pornographic_comics) Manga distributors (/wiki/Category:Manga_distributors) Publishing companies based in New York City (/wiki/Category:Publishing_companies_based_in_New_York_City) Street fashion (/wiki/Category:Street_fashion) Hidden categories: CS1 maint: unfit URL (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from July 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2024) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use American English from January 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2023) All Wikipedia articles written in American English (/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English) Use mdy dates from January 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2023)
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Line of shoes by New Balance New Balance 550 Type Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Inventor New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Inception 1989 ; 35 years ago ( 1989 ) Manufacturer New Balance Available Yes New Balance 550 is a basketball shoe produced by New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) . Overview [ edit ] The shoes were designed by Steven Smith and created as a low top version of the company's New Balance Pride 650 . The shoe was originally known as the New Balance P550 Oxford and was primarily a budget shoe. It sold for $45 when it was first released in 1989. [1] (#cite_note-1) The shoe was designed to improve on the New Balance 480 (/wiki/New_Balance_480) . Smooth leather was used for the upper, and perforated profile panels and lightweight mesh for the base to make it more breathable, a major complaint with the 480. The heel had a molded structure to improve stability and lockdown, and the sole used an updated traction pattern and layout to provide better responsiveness. [2] (#cite_note-2) The shoe also featured a very thick sole with EVA foam. [3] (#cite_note-3) The shoe was brought back in 2020 when Aimé Leon Dore (/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Leon_Dore) decided to collaborate with the company. The shoe was not successful when it first launched decades ago and was so obscure for the company itself that it had to buy used pairs and find old sketches to recreate the release as close to the original. [4] (#cite_note-4) The release proved to be so successful that it led to the shoe becoming a general release for the company. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "History of New Balance 550" (https://blog.finishline.com/history-of-new-balance-550/) . Finish Line . Retrieved 2024-05-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "A History Of The New Balance 550" (https://sneakernews.com/2022/02/05/a-history-of-the-new-balance-550/) . Sneaker News . 2022-02-05 . Retrieved 2024-05-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Everything You Need to Know About the New Balance 550" (https://www.klekt.com/blog/features/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-new-balance-550) . Klektive . 2022-10-07 . Retrieved 2024-05-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "AIMÉ LEON DORE SHARES OFFICIAL LOOK & RELEASE DATE FOR LATEST NEW BALANCE COLLAB" (https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/aime-leon-dore-new-balance-p550-release-date-price/) . Highsnobiety . 2020-10-01 . Retrieved 2024-05-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Period Correct Specs: The History of the New Balance 550" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/features/new-balance-550-history-release-dates/) . Sneaker Freaker . 2022-05-03 . Retrieved 2024-05-11 . v t e New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Subsidiaries Current Warrior Sports (/wiki/Warrior_Sports) Former Aravon Cobb Hill Drydock Footwear Dunham PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) Rockport (/wiki/Rockport_(company)) Brands Klutch Athletics (/wiki/Klutch_Sports_Group) Sneakers 480 (/wiki/New_Balance_480) 550 99X (/wiki/New_Balance_99X_Series) 1906 (/wiki/New_Balance_1906) 2002 (/wiki/New_Balance_2002) People Jim Davis (/wiki/Jim_Davis_(businessman)) Category (/wiki/Category:New_Balance) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_Balance) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐52qms Cached time: 20240716060310 Cache expiry: 1360611 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.696 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1022/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23267/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 744/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28223/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.196/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5127309/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 356.436 1 -total 30.30% 107.985 1 Template:Reflist 26.50% 94.462 5 Template:Cite_web 25.71% 91.627 1 Template:New_Balance 25.47% 90.787 2 Template:Navbox 21.90% 78.042 1 Template:Infobox_product 21.21% 75.602 1 Template:Short_description 20.92% 74.554 1 Template:Infobox 11.48% 40.915 2 Template:Pagetype 4.47% 15.945 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76885902-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716060310 and revision id 1228116770. 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